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Abbeyknockmoy
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href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%86%D8%A7%DA%A9%D9%85%D9%88%DB%8C" title="ابیکناکموی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ابیکناکموی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mainistir_Chnoc_Muaidhe" title="Mainistir Chnoc Muaidhe – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mainistir Chnoc Muaidhe" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%99%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%98" title="აბინოკმოი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბინოკმოი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Аббинокмой – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аббинокмой" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Аббінокмой – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аббінокмой" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2077182#sitelinks-wikipedia" 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noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village in Connacht, Ireland</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Abbeyknockmoy</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native" lang="ga"><span title="Irish-language text"><i lang="ga">Mainistir Chnoc Muaidhe</i></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Village</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Knockmoy_Abbey_957024.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ruins of the 12th century Cistercian Knockmoy Abbey"><img alt="Ruins of the 12th century Cistercian Knockmoy Abbey" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Knockmoy_Abbey_957024.jpg/250px-Knockmoy_Abbey_957024.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Knockmoy_Abbey_957024.jpg/375px-Knockmoy_Abbey_957024.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Knockmoy_Abbey_957024.jpg/500px-Knockmoy_Abbey_957024.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Ruins of the 12th century Cistercian <a href="/wiki/Knockmoy_Abbey" title="Knockmoy Abbey">Knockmoy Abbey</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ireland_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Abbeyknockmoy is located in Ireland"><img alt="Abbeyknockmoy is located in Ireland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ireland_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Ireland_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="312" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ireland_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Ireland_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Ireland_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Ireland_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1449" data-file-height="1806" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.159%;left:37.55%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Abbeyknockmoy"><img alt="Abbeyknockmoy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>Abbeyknockmoy</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Ireland</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;params=53_26_13.2_N_08_44_49.2_W_region:IE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°26′13.2″N</span> <span class="longitude">08°44′49.2″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.437000°N 8.747000°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">53.437000; -8.747000</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Ireland" title="Provinces of Ireland">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Connacht" title="Connacht">Connacht</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Counties_of_Ireland" title="Counties of Ireland">County</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">Galway</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(2016)<sup id="cite_ref-census2016_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th><td class="infobox-data">262</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abbeyknockmoy</b> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_language" title="Irish language">Irish</a>: <i lang="ga">Mainistir Chnoc Muaidhe</i>, meaning 'Abbey of Muaidh's Hill')<sup id="cite_ref-logainm_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-logainm-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is a village and <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> in <a href="/wiki/County_Galway" title="County Galway">County Galway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>. It is known for the nearby ruins of the 12th century <a href="/wiki/Cistercian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cistercian">Cistercian</a> abbey, established with the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Connacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Connacht">Kings of Connacht</a> as its benefactors. The abbey was the burial site of King <a href="/wiki/Cathal_Crobhdearg_Ua_Conchobair" title="Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair">Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair</a> and contains several examples of medieval <a href="/wiki/Fresco" title="Fresco">wall paintings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculpture</a>. It was formerly part of the kingdom of the <a href="/wiki/Soghain" title="Soghain">Soghain</a> of Connacht. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abbey">Abbey</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Abbey"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abbeyknockmoy was originally <a href="/wiki/Knockmoy_Abbey" title="Knockmoy Abbey">a Cistercian abbey</a> founded in <a href="/wiki/1190_in_Ireland" title="1190 in Ireland">1190</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Connacht" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Connacht">King of Connacht</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cathal_Crobhdearg_Ua_Conchobair" title="Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair">Cathal Crobhdearg Ua Conchobair</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lalor1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lalor1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in fulfilment of a vow made prior to a victory gained by Cathal against the English forces under Almeric de St. Lawrence.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Cathal died a Cistercian monk and was buried there in 1224.<sup id="cite_ref-Doran53_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran53-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The new abbey was occupied by Cistercian monks from <a href="/wiki/Boyle_Abbey" title="Boyle Abbey">Boyle Abbey</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lewis_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lewis-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Substantial parts of the abbey remain, showing close links with other abbeys in the west of Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-Lalor1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lalor1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The abbey was decorated by medieval <a href="/wiki/Wall_painting" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall painting">wall paintings</a>, traces of which survive in the <a href="/wiki/Presbytery_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbytery (architecture)">presbytery</a>: they depict <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sebastian" title="Saint Sebastian">Saint Sebastian</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion" title="Crucifixion">Crucifixion</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Trinity" title="Trinity">Trinity</a> and the <a href="/wiki/The_Three_Dead_Kings" title="The Three Dead Kings">three living and three dead</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lalor1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lalor1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One of the surviving fragments also depicts a <a href="/wiki/Hunting" title="Hunting">hunting</a> scene, indicating that hunting was popular in medieval Ireland.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Additionally, the group of sculptors at Abbeyknockmoy can be identified as the same sculptors at work in Boyle Abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-Lalor1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lalor1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There is a <a href="/wiki/Capital_(architecture)" title="Capital (architecture)">capital</a> that includes a fine example of a <a href="/wiki/Sculpture" title="Sculpture">sculptured</a> head: according to <a href="/wiki/Roger_Stalley" title="Roger Stalley">Roger Stalley</a>, "there is a fine royal head on one of the nave piers. The nose and chin are smashed, but the carefully defined eyes, elaborate crown and long curly hair are still intact".<sup id="cite_ref-Doran53_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doran53-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also suggests that the carved head actually represents Ua Conchobair, and "was perhaps a tribute to his benefactions".<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The monastery was plundered by <a href="/wiki/William_de_Burgh" title="William de Burgh">William de Burgo</a> in 1200.<sup id="cite_ref-TuamGuide_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TuamGuide-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1483, the abbot was accused of setting fire to the abbey.<sup id="cite_ref-TuamGuide_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TuamGuide-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Community">Community</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Abbeyknockmoy is the home of St Bernards Utd, who won the Western Hygiene Premier Division Title in 2016; the highest League honour in Galway FA Junior soccer.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Abbeyknockmoy was designated as a <a href="/wiki/Census_town" title="Census town">census town</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Central_Statistics_Office_(Ireland)" title="Central Statistics Office (Ireland)">Central Statistics Office</a> for the first time in the 2016 census,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> at which time it had a population of 262 people.<sup id="cite_ref-census2016_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-census2016-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_Wrottesley" title="Clifton Wrottesley">Clifton Wrottesley</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> - Finished in 4th position in the <a href="/wiki/Skeleton_at_the_2002_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s" title="Skeleton at the 2002 Winter Olympics – Men&#39;s">Men's Skeleton at the 2002 Winter Olympics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Connolly" title="David Connolly">David Connolly</a> - Retired Irish footballer. Played for <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_national_football_team" title="Republic of Ireland national football team">Republic of Ireland national football team</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Gaffney" title="Jim Gaffney">Jim Gaffney</a> - Blyth Spartans striker and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland_national_football_team" title="Republic of Ireland national football team">Republic of Ireland national football team</a> youth international.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_and_villages_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland" title="List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland">List of towns and villages in Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_abbeys_and_priories_in_Ireland#County_Galway" class="mw-redirect" title="List of abbeys and priories in Ireland">List of abbeys and priories in Ireland (County Galway)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-census2016-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census2016_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-census2016_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180211131319/http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&amp;Geog_Code=6CBB7289-9EA7-4BFE-B87E-B97AF4D5784A">"Sapmap Area - Settlements - Abbeyknockmoy"</a>. <i>Census 2016</i>. Central Statistics Office. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2016/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=ST2016&amp;Geog_Code=6CBB7289-9EA7-4BFE-B87E-B97AF4D5784A">the original</a> on 11 February 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Census+2016&amp;rft.atitle=Sapmap+Area+-+Settlements+-+Abbeyknockmoy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcensus.cso.ie%2Fsapmap2016%2FResults.aspx%3FGeog_Type%3DST2016%26Geog_Code%3D6CBB7289-9EA7-4BFE-B87E-B97AF4D5784A&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-logainm-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-logainm_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.logainm.ie/en/1411727">"Mainistir Chnoc Muaidhe/Abbeyknockmoy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Placenames_Database_of_Ireland" title="Placenames Database of Ireland">Placenames Database of Ireland</a> (logainm.ie)</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Placenames+Database+of+Ireland+%28logainm.ie%29&amp;rft.atitle=Mainistir+Chnoc+Muaidhe%2FAbbeyknockmoy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.logainm.ie%2Fen%2F1411727&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lalor1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lalor1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lalor1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lalor1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lalor1_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lalor, p 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lewis-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lewis_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110206175627/http://www.libraryireland.com/LewisA/Abbeyknockmoy.php">"County Galway, Ireland, Civil Parishes, Abbeyknockmoy: description from Lewis's Topographical Dictionary of Ireland, 1837"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libraryireland.com/LewisA/Abbeyknockmoy.php">the original</a> on 6 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=County+Galway%2C+Ireland%2C+Civil+Parishes%2C+Abbeyknockmoy%3A+description+from+Lewis%27s+Topographical+Dictionary+of+Ireland%2C+1837&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libraryireland.com%2FLewisA%2FAbbeyknockmoy.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doran53-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doran53_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doran53_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Doran, p 53</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lydon, p 22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stalley, p 188; cited by Doran, p 53-54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TuamGuide-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TuamGuide_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TuamGuide_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuam-guide.com/abbeyknockmoy.htm">"Abbeyknockmoy"</a>. www.tuam-guide.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080508010244/http://www.tuam-guide.com/abbeyknockmoy.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 April</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;rft.pub=www.tuam-guide.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuam-guide.com%2Fabbeyknockmoy.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafferty" class="citation web cs1">Rafferty, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://connachttribune.ie/st-bernards-crowned-kings-of-galway-football-at-last-234/">"St Bernard's crowned kings of Galway football – at last"</a>. <i>connachttribune.ie</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=connachttribune.ie&amp;rft.atitle=St+Bernard%27s+crowned+kings+of+Galway+football+%E2%80%93+at+last&amp;rft.aulast=Rafferty&amp;rft.aufirst=Mike&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fconnachttribune.ie%2Fst-bernards-crowned-kings-of-galway-football-at-last-234%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cso.ie/en/releasesandpublications/ep/p-cp2tc/cp2pdm/bgn/">"Census of Population 2016 - Profile 2 Population Distribution and Movement"</a>. <i>cso.ie</i>. Central Statistics Office<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>26 new census towns were created for the 2016 Census [..including..] Abbeyknockmoy</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cso.ie&amp;rft.atitle=Census+of+Population+2016+-+Profile+2+Population+Distribution+and+Movement&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cso.ie%2Fen%2Freleasesandpublications%2Fep%2Fp-cp2tc%2Fcp2pdm%2Fbgn%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClerkin" class="citation web cs1">Clerkin, Malachy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/the-life-and-times-of-clifton-hugh-lancelot-de-verdon-wrottesley-1.1679444">"The life and times of Clifton Hugh Lancelot de Verdon Wrottesley"</a>. <i>The Irish Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Irish+Times&amp;rft.atitle=The+life+and+times+of+Clifton+Hugh+Lancelot+de+Verdon+Wrottesley&amp;rft.aulast=Clerkin&amp;rft.aufirst=Malachy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishtimes.com%2Fsport%2Fthe-life-and-times-of-clifton-hugh-lancelot-de-verdon-wrottesley-1.1679444&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbeyknockmoy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoran,_LindaLyttleton,_James2008" class="citation book cs1">Doran, Linda; Lyttleton, James, eds. (2008). <i>Lordship in Medieval Ireland: Image and reality</i> (Hardback, illustrated&#160;ed.). Dublin: Four Courts Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84682-041-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84682-041-0"><bdi>978-1-84682-041-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lordship+in+Medieval+Ireland%3A+Image+and+reality&amp;rft.place=Dublin&amp;rft.edition=Hardback%2C+illustrated&amp;rft.pub=Four+Courts+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-84682-041-0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLalor,_Brian2003" class="citation book cs1">Lalor, Brian, ed. (2003). <i>The Encyclopedia of Ireland</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09442-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-09442-8"><bdi>978-0-300-09442-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+Ireland&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-09442-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLydon1980" class="citation book cs1">Lydon, James F. (1980). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irelandinlatermi0000lydo"><i>Ireland in the later Middle Ages</i></a></span> (Second&#160;ed.). Dublin: <a href="/wiki/Gill_and_Macmillan" class="mw-redirect" title="Gill and Macmillan">Gill and Macmillan</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-0563-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7171-0563-2"><bdi>978-0-7171-0563-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ireland+in+the+later+Middle+Ages&amp;rft.place=Dublin&amp;rft.edition=Second&amp;rft.pub=Gill+and+Macmillan&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7171-0563-2&amp;rft.aulast=Lydon&amp;rft.aufirst=James+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firelandinlatermi0000lydo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStalley1987" class="citation book cs1">Stalley, Roger A. (1987). <i>The Cistercian Monasteries of Ireland: An Account of the History, Art and Architecture of the White Monks in Ireland from 1142-1540</i>. Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-03737-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-03737-1"><bdi>978-0-300-03737-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Cistercian+Monasteries+of+Ireland%3A+An+Account+of+the+History%2C+Art+and+Architecture+of+the+White+Monks+in+Ireland+from+1142-1540&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1987&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-300-03737-1&amp;rft.aulast=Stalley&amp;rft.aufirst=Roger+A.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbbeyknockmoy" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Jilin Provincial Experimental School
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Please <a href="/wiki/Help:Link" title="Help:Link">introduce links</a> to this page from <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special%3ASearch&amp;redirs=1&amp;search=Jilin+Provincial+Experimental+School&amp;fulltext=Search&amp;ns0=1&amp;title=Special%3ASearch&amp;advanced=1&amp;fulltext=Jilin+Provincial+Experimental+School">related articles</a></span>; try the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edwardbetts.com/find_link?q=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School">Find link tool</a> for suggestions. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2020</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Public school in Changchun, China</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256395774">.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-above{background:lavender;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .logo,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .seal{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-school"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme">Jilin Provincial Experimental School<br /><div class="nickname">吉林省实验中学</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:JLPS_Logo.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/JLPS_Logo.gif/250px-JLPS_Logo.gif" decoding="async" width="250" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4a/JLPS_Logo.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="266" data-file-height="74" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Address</th></tr><tr class="adr"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="street-address">6565 Renmin Street, Changchun, Jilin (130022)</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a></div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_China" class="mw-redirect" title="People&#39;s Republic of China">China</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data">笃学 践行 求是 创新 <br />(<i>Learn, Practice, Seek Truth and Innovate</i>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1948</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School district</th><td class="infobox-data">Chaoyang District</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headmaster</th><td class="infobox-data">Yang Jun(杨军)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Staff</th><td class="infobox-data">248</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Faculty</th><td class="infobox-data">228</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enrollment</th><td class="infobox-data">~5,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Campus</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">Urban</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Athletic_nickname" title="Athletic nickname">Nickname</a></th><td class="infobox-data">实验园 (Experiment Garden)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Information</th><td class="infobox-data">Flowery Path (花蹊)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jlssy.cn/">Official website</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jilin Provincial Experimental School</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>&#58; <span lang="zh">吉林省实验中学</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>&#58; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Jílínshěng Shíyàn Zhōngxué</span></i>) is a coeducational <a href="/wiki/Public_school_(government_funded)" class="mw-redirect" title="Public school (government funded)">public</a> <a href="/wiki/Middle_school" title="Middle school">middle school</a> for both boarding and day students from <a href="/wiki/Seventh_grade" title="Seventh grade">grades 7</a> to <a href="/wiki/Twelfth_grade" title="Twelfth grade">12</a> (ages 12 to 18). Founded in 1948, the school was originally located in <a href="/wiki/Jilin_City" title="Jilin City">Jilin City</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jilin" title="Jilin">Jilin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northeast_China" title="Northeast China">Northeast China</a>. In 1955, along with the Provincial Government, the School moved to the new capital city <a href="/wiki/Changchun" title="Changchun">Changchun</a>. It is a key high school in Jilin Province and is listed the <b>Top 100 Chinese High Schools</b><sup id="cite_ref-Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School_-_Top_100_Chinese_High_Schools_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School_-_Top_100_Chinese_High_Schools-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academics">Academics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Academics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Yi Sha, Chinese mainland actor (<a href="/wiki/Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Chinese</a>&#58; <span lang="zh-Hans">沙溢</span>). </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Empty_section plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/20px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/30px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b>This section is empty.</b> You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2010</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School_-_Top_100_Chinese_High_Schools-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jilin_Provincial_Experimental_School_-_Top_100_Chinese_High_Schools_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902003442/http://www.top100zx.cn/show_school.aspx?id=143">"吉林省实验中学-走近名校-中国百强中学网-中国最好中学的门户网站"</a>. 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.top100zx.cn/show_school.aspx?id=143">the original</a> on 2011-09-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-09-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%90%89%E6%9E%97%E7%9C%81%E5%AE%9E%E9%AA%8C%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6-%E8%B5%B0%E8%BF%91%E5%90%8D%E6%A0%A1-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%99%BE%E5%BC%BA%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6%E7%BD%91-%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E6%9C%80%E5%A5%BD%E4%B8%AD%E5%AD%A6%E7%9A%84%E9%97%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%BD%91%E7%AB%99&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.top100zx.cn%2Fshow_school.aspx%3Fid%3D143&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJilin+Provincial+Experimental+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090319121309/http://www.jlssy.cn/">Official Website of Jilin Provincial Experimental School</a></li></ul> <p><span class="metadata coord-missing"></span> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐lgzmg Cached time: 20250101082336 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.351 seconds Real time usage: 0.485 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2770/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32939/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3709/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 13053/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.218/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4739250/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 456.755 1 -total 50.36% 230.034 1 Template:Infobox_school 24.80% 113.260 1 Template:Infobox_school/short_description 21.70% 99.127 1 Template:Infobox 19.91% 90.947 1 Template:Reflist 19.65% 89.731 1 Template:Orphan 17.41% 79.532 4 Template:Ambox 17.37% 79.353 1 Template:Cite_web 16.47% 75.233 1 Template:Draft_other 10.16% 46.384 8 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22253870:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250101082336 and revision id 1059391339. 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Korbinian Holzer
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Available in 10 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-10" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">10 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Holzer" title="Korbinian Holzer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Korbinian Holzer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Holzer" title="Korbinian Holzer – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Korbinian Holzer" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Holzer" title="Korbinian Holzer – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Korbinian Holzer" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinians_Holcers" title="Korbinians Holcers – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Korbinians Holcers" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1" title="كوربينيان هولزير – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كوربينيان هولزير" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Holzer" title="Korbinian Holzer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Korbinian Holzer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Хольцер, Корбиниан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Хольцер, Корбиниан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Holzer" title="Korbinian Holzer – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Korbinian Holzer" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korbinian_Holzer" title="Korbinian Holzer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Korbinian Holzer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Корбініан Гольцер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Корбініан Гольцер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q552719#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-table vcard" style="line-height: 1.4em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size: 125%;">Korbinian Holzer</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Korbinian_Holzer_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Korbinian_Holzer_%28cropped%29.jpg/230px-Korbinian_Holzer_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Korbinian_Holzer_%28cropped%29.jpg/345px-Korbinian_Holzer_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Korbinian_Holzer_%28cropped%29.jpg/460px-Korbinian_Holzer_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="1040" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Holzer with the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Marlies" title="Toronto Marlies">Toronto Marlies</a> in 2014</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Born</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1988-02-16</span>) </span>16 February 1988<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;36)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>, <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Height</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> 6&#160;ft 3&#160;in (191&#160;cm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Weight</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"> 216&#160;lb (98&#160;kg; 15&#160;st 6&#160;lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Position</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">Defence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/Shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot (ice hockey)">Shoots</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> Right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a> team<br />Former teams</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <i><a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a></i><br /><a href="/wiki/DEG_Metro_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="DEG Metro Stars">DEG Metro Stars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Avtomobilist_Yekaterinburg" title="Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg">Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">National team</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Germany men&#39;s national ice hockey team">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/NHL_entry_draft" title="NHL entry draft">NHL draft</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> 111th overall, <a href="/wiki/2006_NHL_entry_draft" title="2006 NHL entry draft">2006</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Playing career</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2005&#8211;present</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Korbinian Holzer</b> (born 16 February 1988) is a German professional <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> <a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">defenceman</a> currently playing for <a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">Deutsche Eishockey Liga</a> (DEL). He previously played for the <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_career">Playing career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Playing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holzer was drafted in the fourth round, 111th overall, of the <a href="/wiki/2006_NHL_Entry_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2006 NHL Entry Draft">2006 NHL Entry Draft</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a>. Drafted from playing in his native Germany with <a href="/wiki/EC_Bad_T%C3%B6lz" title="EC Bad Tölz">EC Bad Tölz</a>, he made his debut in the top <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">Deutsche Eishockey Liga</a> (DEL) with the <a href="/wiki/DEG_Metro_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="DEG Metro Stars">DEG Metro Stars</a>. </p><p>Holzer began the <a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season" title="2010–11 NHL season">2010–11 season</a> with the Maple Leafs' <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> (AHL) affiliate, the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Marlies" title="Toronto Marlies">Toronto Marlies</a>. On 3 November 2010, he was recalled from the minors to make his NHL debut on 6 November 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season" title="2012–13 NHL season">2012–13 season</a>, Holzer was recalled by the Maple Leafs on 5 February 2013 and scored his first NHL goal on just the fourth shot of his NHL career, his point slap shot beating <a href="/wiki/Michal_Neuvirth" title="Michal Neuvirth">Michal Neuvirth</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a>. The Leafs ended up winning the game 3–2. </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_NHL_season" title="2014–15 NHL season">2014–15</a> season, on 6 October 2014, the Maple Leafs waived Holzer. Unclaimed, he was later returned to the Toronto Marlies on 15 November. The Maple Leafs recalled Holzer on an emergency, only to send him back down to the Marlies on 16 November. One week later, Holzer was recalled and remained with the Leafs to replace injured defenceman <a href="/wiki/Roman_Pol%C3%A1k" title="Roman Polák">Roman Polák</a>. On 2 March 2015, Holzer was traded by the re-tooling Maple Leafs to the <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a> in exchange for defenceman <a href="/wiki/Eric_Brewer_(ice_hockey)" title="Eric Brewer (ice hockey)">Eric Brewer</a> and a fifth-round pick in the <a href="/wiki/2016_NHL_Entry_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 NHL Entry Draft">2016 NHL Entry Draft</a> (traded to <a href="/wiki/Washington_Capitals" title="Washington Capitals">Washington Capitals</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 26 June 2017, Holzer continued his tenure with the Ducks by agreeing to a two-year contract extension.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 20 June 2019, Holzer agreed to continue to return for his fifth season within the Ducks organization after he was re-signed to a one-year $850,000 contract extension.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the following <a href="/wiki/2019-20_NHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2019-20 NHL season">2019–20</a> season, Holzer remained on the Ducks roster, establishing a regular third-pairing role on blueline. In a career-high 46 games with the Ducks, Holzer added 1 goal and 4 points. </p><p>With the Ducks out of playoff contention at the NHL trade deadline, Holzer was traded by Anaheim to the Nashville Predators in exchange for <a href="/wiki/Matt_Irwin" title="Matt Irwin">Matt Irwin</a> and a 2022 sixth-round draft pick on 24 February 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Holzer made three regular-season appearances with the Predators before the season was paused due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>. Returning to the club for the post-season, Holzer was a healthy scratch in their qualifying series defeat to the <a href="/wiki/Arizona_Coyotes" title="Arizona Coyotes">Arizona Coyotes</a>. </p><p>On 1 November 2020, Holzer as a free agent, left the NHL and was belatedly signed to a one-year contract with Russian outfit, <a href="/wiki/Avtomobilist_Yekaterinburg" title="Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg">Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">Kontinental Hockey League</a> (KHL).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2020-21_KHL_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2020-21 KHL season">2020–21</a> season, Holzer was limited to 25 regular season games on the blueline with Avtomobilist, contributing with 1 goal and 4 points. He made five playoff appearances, registering two assists, before leaving the KHL at the conclusion of his contract. </p><p>On 7 May 2021, Holzer returned to his native Germany as a free agent, securing a two-year contract with Adler Mannheim of the DEL.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="International_play">International play</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: International play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Holzer has represented the <a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Germany men&#39;s national ice hockey team">Germany national team</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men&#39;s tournament">2010 Winter Olympics</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2010 IIHF World Championship">2010 IIHF World Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He also represented Germany at the <a href="/wiki/2018_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2018 IIHF World Championship">2018 IIHF World Championship</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/2019_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2019 IIHF World Championship">2019 IIHF World Championship</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/2021_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2021 IIHF World Championship">2021 IIHF World Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 January 2022, Holzer was selected to play for Team Germany at the <a href="/wiki/2022_Winter_Olympics" title="2022 Winter Olympics">2022 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_statistics">Career statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Career statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_season_and_playoffs">Regular season and playoffs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Regular season and playoffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#e0e0e0;"> <th colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff">&#160; </th> <th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff">&#160; </th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Regular_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular season">Regular&#160;season</a> </th> <th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff">&#160; </th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Playoffs" title="Playoffs">Playoffs</a> </th></tr> <tr style="background:#e0e0e0;"> <th><a href="/wiki/Season_(sports)" title="Season (sports)">Season</a> </th> <th>Team </th> <th>League </th> <th>GP </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">G</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Assist_(ice_hockey)" title="Assist (ice hockey)">A</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Point_(ice_hockey)" title="Point (ice hockey)">Pts</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">PIM</a> </th> <th>GP </th> <th>G </th> <th>A </th> <th>Pts </th> <th>PIM </th></tr> <tr> <td>2004–05</td> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6lzer_L%C3%B6wen" class="mw-redirect" title="Tölzer Löwen">Tölzer Löwen</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/German_Development_League" title="German Development League">DNL</a></td> <td>34</td> <td>7</td> <td>11</td> <td>18</td> <td>66</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td>2005–06</td> <td>Tölzer Löwen</td> <td>DNL</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005–06</td> <td>Tölzer Löwen</td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Bundesliga_(ice_hockey)" title="2nd Bundesliga (ice hockey)">GER.2</a></td> <td>36</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>80</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td>2006–07</td> <td>Eisbären Regensburg</td> <td>GER.2</td> <td>42</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>68</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_DEL_season" title="2007–08 DEL season">2007–08</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/DEG_Metro_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="DEG Metro Stars">DEG Metro Stars</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a></td> <td>35</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>66</td> <td>13</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>20 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_DEL_season" title="2008–09 DEL season">2008–09</a></td> <td>DEG Metro Stars</td> <td>DEL</td> <td>38</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>89</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_DEL_season" title="2009–10 DEL season">2009–10</a></td> <td>DEG Metro Stars</td> <td>DEL</td> <td>52</td> <td>6</td> <td>16</td> <td>22</td> <td>96</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_AHL_season" title="2010–11 AHL season">2010–11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Marlies" title="Toronto Marlies">Toronto Marlies</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">AHL</a></td> <td>73</td> <td>3</td> <td>10</td> <td>13</td> <td>88</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_NHL_season" title="2010–11 NHL season">2010–11</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">NHL</a></td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_AHL_season" title="2011–12 AHL season">2011–12</a></td> <td>Toronto Marlies</td> <td>AHL</td> <td>67</td> <td>1</td> <td>19</td> <td>20</td> <td>68</td> <td>17</td> <td>1</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>39 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_AHL_season" title="2012–13 AHL season">2012–13</a></td> <td>Toronto Marlies</td> <td>AHL</td> <td>46</td> <td>1</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>46</td> <td>8</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>24 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_NHL_season" title="2012–13 NHL season">2012–13</a></td> <td>Toronto Maple Leafs</td> <td>NHL</td> <td>22</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>28</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_AHL_season" title="2013–14 AHL season">2013–14</a></td> <td>Toronto Marlies</td> <td>AHL</td> <td>72</td> <td>5</td> <td>18</td> <td>23</td> <td>104</td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_AHL_season" title="2014–15 AHL season">2014–15</a></td> <td>Toronto Marlies</td> <td>AHL</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_NHL_season" title="2014–15 NHL season">2014–15</a></td> <td>Toronto Maple Leafs</td> <td>NHL</td> <td>34</td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> <td>6</td> <td>25</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_AHL_season" title="2015–16 AHL season">2015–16</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_Gulls" title="San Diego Gulls">San Diego Gulls</a></td> <td>AHL</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_NHL_season" title="2015–16 NHL season">2015–16</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a></td> <td>NHL</td> <td>29</td> <td>0</td> <td>3</td> <td>3</td> <td>10</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_NHL_season" title="2016–17 NHL season">2016–17</a></td> <td>Anaheim Ducks</td> <td>NHL</td> <td>32</td> <td>2</td> <td>5</td> <td>7</td> <td>23</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_NHL_season" title="2017–18 NHL season">2017–18</a></td> <td>Anaheim Ducks</td> <td>NHL</td> <td>16</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>6</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_AHL_season" title="2017–18 AHL season">2017–18</a></td> <td>San Diego Gulls</td> <td>AHL</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>14</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_AHL_season" title="2018–19 AHL season">2018–19</a></td> <td>San Diego Gulls</td> <td>AHL</td> <td>12</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_NHL_season" title="2018–19 NHL season">2018–19</a></td> <td>Anaheim Ducks</td> <td>NHL</td> <td>22</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>8</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_NHL_season" title="2019–20 NHL season">2019–20</a></td> <td>Anaheim Ducks</td> <td>NHL</td> <td>46</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>35</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td>2019–20</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a></td> <td>NHL</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>—</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_KHL_season" title="2020–21 KHL season">2020–21</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Avtomobilist_Yekaterinburg" title="Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg">Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kontinental_Hockey_League" title="Kontinental Hockey League">KHL</a></td> <td>25</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>4</td> <td>33</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_DEL_season" title="2021–22 DEL season">2021–22</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a></td> <td>DEL</td> <td>37</td> <td>7</td> <td>6</td> <td>13</td> <td>48</td> <td>9</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_DEL_season" title="2022–23 DEL season">2022–23</a></td> <td>Adler Mannheim</td> <td>DEL</td> <td>47</td> <td>1</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td>61</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f0f0f0;"> <td><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_DEL_season" title="2023–24 DEL season">2023–24</a></td> <td>Adler Mannheim</td> <td>DEL</td> <td>48</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>14</td> <td>45</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="3">DEL totals </th> <th>257 </th> <th>25 </th> <th>52 </th> <th>77 </th> <th>405 </th> <th>53 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>75 </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="3">NHL totals </th> <th>206 </th> <th>6 </th> <th>21 </th> <th>27 </th> <th>139 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>18 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:40em"> <tbody><tr align="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th>Year </th> <th>Team </th> <th>Event </th> <th>Result </th> <th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff">&#160; </th> <th>GP </th> <th>G </th> <th>A </th> <th>Pts </th> <th>PIM </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_World_U-17_Hockey_Challenge" title="2005 World U-17 Hockey Challenge">2005</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_under-18_ice_hockey_team" title="Germany men&#39;s national under-18 ice hockey team">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_U17_Hockey_Challenge" class="mw-redirect" title="World U17 Hockey Challenge">U17</a> </td> <td>10th </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_IIHF_World_U18_Championships" title="2005 IIHF World U18 Championships">2005</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_U18_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World U18 Championships">WJC18</a> </td> <td>8th </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2006_IIHF_World_U18_Championships" title="2006 IIHF World U18 Championships">2006</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WJC18 </td> <td>8th </td> <td>6 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>18 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_World_Junior_Ice_Hockey_Championships" title="2007 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships">2007</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_junior_ice_hockey_team" title="Germany men&#39;s national junior ice hockey team">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_U20_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World U20 Championships">WJC</a> </td> <td>9th </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2008_World_Junior_Ice_Hockey_Championships_%E2%80%93_Division_I" title="2008 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships – Division I">2008</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WJC D1 </td> <td>11th </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics – Men&#39;s tournament">2010</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Germany men&#39;s national ice hockey team">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Ice hockey at the Olympic Games">OG</a> </td> <td>11th </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_IIHF_World_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 IIHF World Championships">2010</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World Championships">WC</a> </td> <td>4th </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2011 IIHF World Championship">2011</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>7th </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2016_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2016 IIHF World Championship">2016</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>7th </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2018_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_qualification" title="Ice hockey at the 2018 Winter Olympics – Men&#39;s qualification">2016</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>OGQ </td> <td>Q </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2018_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2018 IIHF World Championship">2018</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>11th </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>14 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2019 IIHF World Championship">2019</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>6th </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2021 IIHF World Championship">2021</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>4th </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2022_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Men%27s_tournament" title="Ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics – Men&#39;s tournament">2022</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>OG </td> <td>10th </td> <td>4 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2022_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2022 IIHF World Championship">2022</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>7th </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="4">Junior totals </th> <th>28 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>34 </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="4">Senior totals </th> <th>65 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>9 </th> <th>108 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_honours">Awards and honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Awards and honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award </th> <th>Year </th></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <td colspan="3"><b>International</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships" title="Ice Hockey World Championships">World Championship</a> All-Star Team </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2021_IIHF_World_Championship" title="2021 IIHF World Championship">2021</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/sports/hockey/2010/11/03/15943626.html">"Phaneuf out up to 6 weeks, Holzer called up"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Sun" title="Toronto Sun">Toronto Sun</a>. 6 November 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 November</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Phaneuf+out+up+to+6+weeks%2C+Holzer+called+up&amp;rft.pub=Toronto+Sun&amp;rft.date=2010-11-06&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2F2010%2F11%2F03%2F15943626.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nhl-puck-daddy/ducks-boost-defensive-depth-with-holzer-and-despres-trades-210900934.html">"Ducks boost defensive depth with Holzer, Despres trades"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Sports">Yahoo! Sports</a>. 2 March 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ducks+boost+defensive+depth+with+Holzer%2C+Despres+trades&amp;rft.pub=Yahoo%21+Sports&amp;rft.date=2015-03-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsports.yahoo.com%2Fblogs%2Fnhl-puck-daddy%2Fducks-boost-defensive-depth-with-holzer-and-despres-trades-210900934.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/ducks/news/ducks-sign-defenseman-korbinian-holzer-to-two-year-contract-extension/c-290157992">"Ducks sign Holzer to two-year contract extension"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a>. 26 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ducks+sign+Holzer+to+two-year+contract+extension&amp;rft.pub=Anaheim+Ducks&amp;rft.date=2017-06-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fducks%2Fnews%2Fducks-sign-defenseman-korbinian-holzer-to-two-year-contract-extension%2Fc-290157992&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/ducks/news/ducks-sign-miller-holzer-grant-to-one-year-contract-extensions/c-307938102">"Ducks sign Miller, Holzer, Grant to one-year contract extensions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anaheim_Ducks" title="Anaheim Ducks">Anaheim Ducks</a>. 20 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ducks+sign+Miller%2C+Holzer%2C+Grant+to+one-year+contract+extensions&amp;rft.pub=Anaheim+Ducks&amp;rft.date=2019-06-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fducks%2Fnews%2Fducks-sign-miller-holzer-grant-to-one-year-contract-extensions%2Fc-307938102&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/predators/news/nashville-predators-acquire-korbinian-holzer-from-anaheim-ducks/c-315487564">"Predators acquire Korbinian Holzer from Ducks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a>. 24 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Predators+acquire+Korbinian+Holzer+from+Ducks&amp;rft.pub=Nashville+Predators&amp;rft.date=2020-02-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fpredators%2Fnews%2Fnashville-predators-acquire-korbinian-holzer-from-anaheim-ducks%2Fc-315487564&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hc-avto.ru/news/6061/">"Squad strengthened by signing of German national defenseman Korbinian Holzer"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Avtomobilist_Yekaterinburg" title="Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg">Avtomobilist Yekaterinburg</a>. 1 November 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Squad+strengthened+by+signing+of+German+national+defenseman+Korbinian+Holzer&amp;rft.pub=Avtomobilist+Yekaterinburg&amp;rft.date=2020-11-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hc-avto.ru%2Fnews%2F6061%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.adler-mannheim.de/aktuelles/adler-verpflichten-nhl-erfahrenen-verteidiger/">"Mannheim signs Korbinian Holzer"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a>. 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IIHF&amp;rft.atitle=IIHF+-+Germany&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fen%2Fevents%2F2019%2Fwm%2Fteams%2Froster%2F3696%2Fgermany&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2021/wm/teams/roster/3696/germany">"IIHF - Germany"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IIHF&amp;rft.atitle=IIHF+-+Germany&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fen%2Fevents%2F2021%2Fwm%2Fteams%2Froster%2F3696%2Fgermany&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iihf.com/en/events/2022/olympic-m/news/31614/germans_dare_to_dream_again">"Germans dare to dream again"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a></i>. 25 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IIHF&amp;rft.atitle=Germans+dare+to+dream+again&amp;rft.date=2022-01-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fen%2Fevents%2F2022%2Folympic-m%2Fnews%2F31614%2Fgermans_dare_to_dream_again&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKorbinian+Holzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Korbinian_Holzer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Biographical information and career statistics from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/player/8473560">NHL.com</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eliteprospects.com/player.php?player=12276&amp;lang=en">Eliteprospects.com</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockey-reference.com/players/h/holzeko01.html">Hockey-Reference.com</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=89593">The Internet Hockey Database</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7845fc798d‐tqrwc Cached time: 20241228174641 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.301 seconds Real time usage: 0.433 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1935/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 32156/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3071/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41702/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.164/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7051828/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 292.435 1 -total 37.08% 108.437 1 Template:Infobox_ice_hockey_player 36.82% 107.661 1 Template:Reflist 31.54% 92.231 12 Template:Cite_web 20.03% 58.580 2 Template:Short_description 13.77% 40.255 2 Template:Br_separated_entries 12.00% 35.094 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 11.17% 32.663 4 Template:Pagetype 7.67% 22.441 10 Template:Main_other 7.18% 21.007 2 Template:Convert --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22254369:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228174641 and revision id 1217951151. 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Keolis Norge
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Keolis Norge AS</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Keolis_2017_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Keolis_2017_logo.svg/220px-Keolis_2017_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Keolis_2017_logo.svg/330px-Keolis_2017_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Keolis_2017_logo.svg/440px-Keolis_2017_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="78" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Bybanen21Januar3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bybanen21Januar3.jpg/220px-Bybanen21Januar3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bybanen21Januar3.jpg/330px-Bybanen21Januar3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Bybanen21Januar3.jpg/440px-Bybanen21Januar3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Bergen_Light_Rail" title="Bergen Light Rail">Bergen Light Rail</a>, operated by Keolis Norge.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Fjord1 Partner AS</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Aksjeselskap" title="Aksjeselskap">Aksjeselskap</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Public transport</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>, Norway (29&#160;August 2008<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;16 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-08-29</span>)</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality">Bergen</div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">Norway</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Øystein Gullaksen (<a href="/wiki/Managing_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Managing director">MD</a>)</li><li>Wenche Kjølås (<a href="/wiki/Chair" title="Chair">Chair</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Services</th><td class="infobox-data category"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">Public transport</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail operation</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Public transport bus service</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Parent_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Parent company">Parent</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Keolis" title="Keolis">Keolis</a> Nordic AB</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keolis.no/">keolis<wbr />.no</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Keolis Norge</b> is the Norwegian subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/Keolis" title="Keolis">Keolis</a>, holding the contract to operate the <b><a href="/wiki/Bergen_Light_Rail" title="Bergen Light Rail">Bergen Light Rail</a></b> and the <b>Bergen Sentrum</b> bus contract for <a href="/wiki/Skyss" title="Skyss">Skyss</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keolis_Norge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company was established in 2008 as <i>Fjord1 Partner AS</i>, a <a href="/wiki/Joint_venture" title="Joint venture">joint venture</a> between <a href="/wiki/Fjord1" title="Fjord1">Fjord1 Nordvestlandske</a> (49%) and <i>Keolis Nordic AB</i> (51%), a <a href="/wiki/Keolis" title="Keolis">Keolis</a> holding company for its <a href="/wiki/Nordic_countries" title="Nordic countries">Nordic</a> operations, with the goal of bidding for the Bergen Light Rail contract and other PSO contracts for bus transport in the Bergen area.<sup id="cite_ref-f1aar2008_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-f1aar2008-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The contract was announced on 2 April 2009, after Fjord1 Partner had beaten <a href="/wiki/Vy" title="Vy">NSB</a>, Tide Bane (<a href="/wiki/Tide_(transportation_company)" title="Tide (transportation company)">Tide</a> with <a href="/wiki/HTM_Personenvervoer" title="HTM Personenvervoer">HTM Personenvervoer</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Boreal_Bane" title="Boreal Bane">Veolia Transport Bane</a> for the contract.<sup id="cite_ref-skyss2008-10-31_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-skyss2008-10-31-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The infrastructure and the <a href="/wiki/Variobahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Variobahn">Variobahn</a> vehicles are owned by Vestland Fylkeskommune, while the operation subsidies are managed by Skyss, a county agency responsible for all public transport subsidies in <a href="/wiki/Vestland" title="Vestland">Vestland</a>. </p><p>In 2014, Fjord1 sold their shares to Keolis, and the company changed its name to <i>Keolis Norge AS</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-keolis2014-04-30_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keolis2014-04-30-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2019, the company was awarded the tender for driving buses in the route area <b>Bergen Sentrum</b>, starting on 1 December 2020. This includes driving amongst other vehicles 112 electric buses, of which 102 battery buses from <a href="/wiki/Yutong" title="Yutong">Yutong</a> and ten trolley buses from <a href="/wiki/Solaris_Bus_%26_Coach" title="Solaris Bus &amp; Coach">Solaris</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bussmag2019-06-17_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bussmag2019-06-17-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vestland2020-12-01_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vestland2020-12-01-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On September 6, 2022, DSD AS, the owner of Tide Buss, announced they would buy out all shares and take over the running of all their contracts, leaving Keolis Norge defunct. <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Keolis_Norge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-f1aar2008-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-f1aar2008_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120505150143/http://www.fjord1.no/filesystem/2009/05/arsrapport_2008_1561.pdf">"Årsrapport 2008"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Fjord1" title="Fjord1">Fjord1</a>. 29 April 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fjord1.no/filesystem/2009/05/arsrapport_2008_1561.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 5 May 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%C3%85rsrapport+2008&amp;rft.pub=Fjord1&amp;rft.date=2009-04-29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fjord1.no%2Ffilesystem%2F2009%2F05%2Farsrapport_2008_1561.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeolis+Norge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-skyss2008-10-31-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-skyss2008-10-31_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160201090701/https://www.skyss.no/globalassets/pressemeldinger/pm_skyss_bussanbud_nordhordland_20081031.pdf">"Concordia skal køyre buss i Nordhordland"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Skyss" title="Skyss">Skyss</a>. 31 October 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.skyss.no/globalassets/pressemeldinger/pm_skyss_bussanbud_nordhordland_20081031.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 1 February 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Concordia+skal+k%C3%B8yre+buss+i+Nordhordland&amp;rft.pub=Skyss&amp;rft.date=2008-10-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyss.no%2Fglobalassets%2Fpressemeldinger%2Fpm_skyss_bussanbud_nordhordland_20081031.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeolis+Norge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-keolis2014-04-30-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-keolis2014-04-30_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160127214912/http://www.keolis.com/en/media-centre/news/news-in-detail/article/fjord1-partner-in-bergen.html">"Fjord1 Partner in Bergen becomes Keolis Norge, a 100% subsidiary of Keolis SA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Keolis" title="Keolis">Keolis</a>. 30 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.keolis.com/en/media-centre/news/news-in-detail/article/fjord1-partner-in-bergen.html">the original</a> on 27 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fjord1+Partner+in+Bergen+becomes+Keolis+Norge%2C+a+100%25+subsidiary+of+Keolis+SA&amp;rft.pub=Keolis&amp;rft.date=2014-04-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.keolis.com%2Fen%2Fmedia-centre%2Fnews%2Fnews-in-detail%2Farticle%2Ffjord1-partner-in-bergen.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeolis+Norge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bussmag2019-06-17-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bussmag2019-06-17_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bussmagasinet.no/keolis-vant-bergen-sentrum/">"Keolis vant Bergen Sentrum"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bussmagasinet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bussmagasinet (page does not exist)">Bussmagasinet</a>. 17 June 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Keolis+vant+Bergen+Sentrum&amp;rft.pub=Bussmagasinet&amp;rft.date=2019-06-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbussmagasinet.no%2Fkeolis-vant-bergen-sentrum%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeolis+Norge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vestland2020-12-01-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-vestland2020-12-01_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vestlandfylke.no/nyheitsarkiv/2020/historisk-med-112-elbussar-i-bergen/">"Historisk med 112 elbussar i Bergen"</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vestland_fylkeskommune&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vestland fylkeskommune (page does not exist)">Vestland fylkeskommune</a>. 1 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Historisk+med+112+elbussar+i+Bergen&amp;rft.pub=Vestland+fylkeskommune&amp;rft.date=2020-12-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vestlandfylke.no%2Fnyheitsarkiv%2F2020%2Fhistorisk-med-112-elbussar-i-bergen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKeolis+Norge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tide.no/om-tide/presse-og-media/pressemeldinger/dsd-eier-av-tide-kjoeper-buss-og-bybaneselskapet-keolis-i-norge/">"DSD, eier av Tide, kjøper buss- og bybaneselskapet Keolis i Norge"</a>.</cite><span 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tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Keolis" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Keolis" title="Template:Keolis"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Keolis" title="Template talk:Keolis"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Keolis" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Keolis"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Keolis" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Keolis" title="Keolis">Keolis</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hyderabad_Metro" title="Hyderabad Metro">Hyderabad Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubai_Metro" title="Dubai Metro">Dubai Metro</a> (70%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doha_Metro" title="Doha Metro">Doha Metro</a> (24.5%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songjiang_Tram" title="Songjiang Tram">Songjiang Tram</a> (49%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujiang_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Pujiang Line">Pujiang Line</a> (49%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Australia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keolis_Downer" title="Keolis Downer">Keolis Downer</a> (51%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Railways_in_Adelaide" title="Railways in Adelaide">Adelaide Metro rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G:link" title="G:link">G:link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornibrook_Bus_Lines" title="Hornibrook Bus Lines">Hornibrook Bus Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keolis_Downer_Northern_Beaches" title="Keolis Downer Northern Beaches">Keolis Downer Northern Beaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LinkSA" title="LinkSA">LinkSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_Transport" title="Newcastle Transport">Newcastle Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Path_Transit" title="Path Transit">Path Transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SouthLink" title="SouthLink">SouthLink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Keolis_Nederland" title="Keolis Nederland">Keolis Nederland</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Keolis Norge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyon_Metro" title="Lyon Metro">Lyon Metro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twisto" title="Twisto">Twisto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Docklands_Light_Railway" title="Docklands Light Railway">Docklands Light Railway</a> (70%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Govia" title="Govia">Govia</a> (35%) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Govia_Thameslink_Railway" title="Govia Thameslink Railway">Govia Thameslink Railway</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink" title="Manchester Metrolink">Manchester Metrolink</a> (60%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham_Express_Transit" title="Nottingham Express Transit">Nottingham Express Transit</a> (80%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GrandLinq" title="GrandLinq">GrandLinq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBTA_Commuter_Rail" title="MBTA Commuter Rail">Keolis Commuter Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans_Express" title="Orléans Express">Orléans Express</a> (75%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Railway_Express" title="Virginia Railway Express">Virginia Railway Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acadian_Lines" title="Acadian Lines">Acadian Lines</a> (75%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastbourne_Buses" title="Eastbourne Buses">Eastbourne Buses</a> (20%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurobahn" title="Eurobahn">Eurobahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_TransPennine_Express" title="First TransPennine Express">First TransPennine Express</a> (45%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/KeolisAmey_Wales" title="KeolisAmey Wales">KeolisAmey Wales</a> (60%)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Midland" title="London Midland">London Midland</a> (35% <a href="/wiki/Govia" title="Govia">Govia</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southeastern_(train_operating_company_2006%E2%80%932021)" class="mw-redirect" title="Southeastern (train operating company 2006–2021)">Southeastern</a> (35% Govia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thameslink_(train_operating_company_1997%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thameslink (train operating company 1997–2006)">Thameslink</a> (35% Govia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarra_Trams" title="Yarra Trams">Yarra Trams</a> (51% Keolis Downer)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Future operations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CDG_Express" title="CDG Express">CDG Express</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐2bj7h Cached time: 20241229195126 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.266 seconds Real time usage: 0.421 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1610/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30007/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1475/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 32221/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.168/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4826382/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase 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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keolis Norge" }
Pater Noster Lighthouse
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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn">Pater Noster Lighthouse<br /><i>Hamneskär</i><span class="qs" style="display: none;">&#32;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg" class="mw-file-description" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/30px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg/40px-Commons_to_Wikidata_QuickStatements.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:150810-2_Pater_Noster_Marstrand.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/150810-2_Pater_Noster_Marstrand.JPG/220px-150810-2_Pater_Noster_Marstrand.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/150810-2_Pater_Noster_Marstrand.JPG/330px-150810-2_Pater_Noster_Marstrand.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/150810-2_Pater_Noster_Marstrand.JPG/440px-150810-2_Pater_Noster_Marstrand.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pater Noster Lighthouse</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="5" data-lat="57.896041" data-lon="11.465779" data-overlays="[&quot;_cbfd6bb2ebbf84a4aa53732b2a13399756c8cd14&quot;]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/5/57.896041/11.465779/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,57.896041,11.465779,270x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;revid=1170212553&amp;groups=_cbfd6bb2ebbf84a4aa53732b2a13399756c8cd14" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,5,57.896041,11.465779,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;revid=1170212553&amp;groups=_cbfd6bb2ebbf84a4aa53732b2a13399756c8cd14 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Hamneskär<br /> <a href="/wiki/Skagerrak" title="Skagerrak">Skagerrak</a>, west of <br /> <a href="/wiki/Marstrand" title="Marstrand">Marstrand</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;params=57.896041_N_11.465779_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">57°53′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">11°27′57″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">57.896041°N 11.465779°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">57.896041; 11.465779</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="background:#b9deed;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Tower</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constructed</th><td class="infobox-data">1868</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foundation</th><td class="infobox-data">stone basement</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction</th><td class="infobox-data">cast iron skeletal tower</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Automated</th><td class="infobox-data">1964</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data">32&#160;m (105&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Shape</th><td class="infobox-data">conical skeletal tower with balcony, lantern, observation room and central cylinder</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Markings</th><td class="infobox-data note">red tower, greenish lantern roof</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Power source</th><td class="infobox-data">rapeseed oil, kerosene, diesel generator, electricity&#160;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959479?uselang=en#P618" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Heritage</th><td class="infobox-data">governmental listed building complex, governmental listed building&#160;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959479?uselang=en#P1435" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="background:#FAF884;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Light</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Deactivated</th><td class="infobox-data">1977-2007</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Focal height</th><td class="infobox-data">36&#160;m (118&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lens</th><td class="infobox-data">1st order <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a> (original), small lens (current)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">20&#160;nmi (37&#160;km; 23&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Light_characteristic" title="Light characteristic">Characteristic</a></th><td class="infobox-data note">LFl W 15s.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sweden no.</th><td class="infobox-data">SV-7925.01<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pater Noster</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Swedish</a> <a href="/wiki/Lighthouse" title="Lighthouse">lighthouse</a> and the name of a small archipelago in <a href="/wiki/Bohusl%C3%A4n" title="Bohuslän">Bohuslän</a> on the Swedish west coast. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were plans to build a lighthouse on the island in the 1750s, but a light was instead placed on the fortification of <a href="/wiki/Carlsten" title="Carlsten">Carlsten</a> in <a href="/wiki/Marstrand" title="Marstrand">Marstrand</a>. That light was replaced by Pater Noster in 1868. The lighthouse is of engineer <a href="/wiki/Nils_Gustaf_von_Heidenstam" class="mw-redirect" title="Nils Gustaf von Heidenstam">Nils Gustaf von Heidenstam</a>'s typical iron design. </p><p>Pater Noster originally had a large first order <a href="/wiki/Fresnel_lens" title="Fresnel lens">Fresnel lens</a> in its lantern and the flame originally ran on <a href="/wiki/Colza_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Colza oil">colza oil</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Kerosene" title="Kerosene">paraffin</a> lamp was installed in 1887. The lighthouse was automated in 1964 and the large lens replaced by a small 4th order lens. In 1977 Pater Noster lighthouse was deactivated in favor of the modern lighthouse <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A4tteberget" title="Hätteberget">Hätteberget</a> placed in open water. Pater Noster started to fall out of repair as the salt water made the iron construction rusty and weak. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restoration">Restoration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Restoration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2002, a large restoration project began. The lighthouse was transported to the town of <a href="/wiki/Uddevalla" title="Uddevalla">Uddevalla</a>, and later to <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg" title="Gothenburg">Gothenburg</a>. The tower was very rusty and overall in bad condition; consequently, restoration took much longer than originally planned, mostly because of insufficient funding. But many local companies and persons volunteered to complete the work. In the summer of 2007, the lighthouse was shipped back to Hamneskär. In the autumn it was reactivated. </p><p>In 2015, the lens room was renovated and equipped with a high standard kitchen by the furniture design company Marbodal, as a part of their PR-campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020 during the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">pandemic</a>, a lottery called "The Isolated Cinema" was announced by the <a href="/wiki/Gothenburg_Film_Festival" title="Gothenburg Film Festival">Gothenburg Film Festival</a>, with the prize of visiting the lighthouse for looking at movie premieres for one person alone in the lens room the whole festival week.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The lottery got worldwide attention, with over 12,000 attenders from more than 45 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The winner was an emergency nurse from Sweden. </p><p>Also in 2020, the accommodation of the previous lighthouse keepers was renovated and since then, a hotel and conference centre named "Ett Hem vid Horisonten" (transl. 'A Home on the Horizon') is kept in the building.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The business has become internationally famous and in 2022, the hotel won the eminent Global New Concept Award by <a href="/w/index.php?title=AHEAD_Awards&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="AHEAD Awards (page does not exist)">AHEAD Awards</a> that year.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lighthouse_Pater_Noster_visits_Goteborg.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The lighthouse is shipped after renovation on Arendals wharf, Gothenburg."><img alt="The lighthouse is shipped after renovation on Arendals wharf, Gothenburg." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lighthouse_Pater_Noster_visits_Goteborg.jpg/149px-Lighthouse_Pater_Noster_visits_Goteborg.jpg" decoding="async" width="149" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lighthouse_Pater_Noster_visits_Goteborg.jpg/224px-Lighthouse_Pater_Noster_visits_Goteborg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Lighthouse_Pater_Noster_visits_Goteborg.jpg/298px-Lighthouse_Pater_Noster_visits_Goteborg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2589" data-file-height="1911" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The lighthouse is shipped after renovation on Arendals wharf, Gothenburg.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 140px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fyren_Pater_Noster_gallerverk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Fyren_Pater_Noster_gallerverk.jpg/82px-Fyren_Pater_Noster_gallerverk.jpg" decoding="async" width="82" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Fyren_Pater_Noster_gallerverk.jpg/124px-Fyren_Pater_Noster_gallerverk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Fyren_Pater_Noster_gallerverk.jpg/165px-Fyren_Pater_Noster_gallerverk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="525" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lighthouses_and_lightvessels_in_Sweden" title="List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Sweden">List of lighthouses and lightvessels in Sweden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRowlett" class="citation web cs1">Rowlett, Russ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/swe2.htm">"Lighthouses of Sweden: Göteborg Area"</a>. <i>The Lighthouse Directory</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-04-06</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Lighthouse+Directory&amp;rft.atitle=Lighthouses+of+Sweden%3A+G%C3%B6teborg+Area&amp;rft.aulast=Rowlett&amp;rft.aufirst=Russ&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Flighthouse%2Fswe2.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.schwedische-leuchtfeuer.de/westkueste/pater-noster.html">"Leuchtturm Pater Noster"</a>. <i>www.schwedische-leuchtfeuer.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.schwedische-leuchtfeuer.de&amp;rft.atitle=Leuchtturm+Pater+Noster&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.schwedische-leuchtfeuer.de%2Fwestkueste%2Fpater-noster.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=br35IWJykk0"><i>Marbodal - köket i fyren, om Pater Noster</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-20</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Marbodal+-+k%C3%B6ket+i+fyren%2C+om+Pater+Noster&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dbr35IWJykk0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goteborgfilmfestival.se/en/the-isolated-cinema/">"The Isolated Cinema"</a>. <i>Göteborg Film Festival</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=G%C3%B6teborg+Film+Festival&amp;rft.atitle=The+Isolated+Cinema&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoteborgfilmfestival.se%2Fen%2Fthe-isolated-cinema%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://goteborgfilmfestival.se/the-isolated-cinema/">"The Isolated Cinema"</a>. <i>Göteborg Film Festival</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=G%C3%B6teborg+Film+Festival&amp;rft.atitle=The+Isolated+Cinema&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgoteborgfilmfestival.se%2Fthe-isolated-cinema%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220119013233/https://paternoster.se/en/">"Pater Noster"</a>. <i>paternoster.se</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://paternoster.se/en/">the original</a> on 2022-01-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=paternoster.se&amp;rft.atitle=Pater+Noster&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaternoster.se%2Fen%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAwards2022" class="citation web cs1">Awards, AHEAD (2022-01-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aheadawards.com/news/ahead-europe-2021-winners-announced">"AHEAD Europe 2021 Winners Announced"</a>. <i>AHEAD Awards</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-01-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AHEAD+Awards&amp;rft.atitle=AHEAD+Europe+2021+Winners+Announced&amp;rft.date=2022-01-19&amp;rft.aulast=Awards&amp;rft.aufirst=AHEAD&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aheadawards.com%2Fnews%2Fahead-europe-2021-winners-announced&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRowlett" class="citation web cs1">Rowlett, Russ. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibiblio.org/lighthouse/swe2.htm">"Lighthouses of Sweden: Göteborg Area"</a>. <i>The Lighthouse Directory</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_North_Carolina_at_Chapel_Hill" title="University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill">University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Lighthouse+Directory&amp;rft.atitle=Lighthouses+of+Sweden%3A+G%C3%B6teborg+Area&amp;rft.aulast=Rowlett&amp;rft.aufirst=Russ&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibiblio.org%2Flighthouse%2Fswe2.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120314190711/http://www.fyr.org/indexe.htm">"Swedish Lighthouse Society"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fyr.org/indexe.htm">the original</a> on March 14, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-11-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Swedish+Lighthouse+Society&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fyr.org%2Findexe.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APater+Noster+Lighthouse" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pater_Noster_Lighthouse&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Pater_Noster_lighthouse" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Pater Noster lighthouse">Pater Noster lighthouse</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sjofartsverket.se/en/Maritime-services/">Sjofartsverket</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160408102047/http://www.sjofartsverket.se/en/Maritime-services/">Archived</a> 2016-04-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fyr.org/in-english.html">The Swedish Lighthouse Society</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schwedische-leuchtfeuer.de/westkueste/pater-noster.html">Leuchtturm Pater Noster</a> <span class="languageicon">(in German)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paternoster.se/">Pater Noster hotel</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paternoster-fyren.com/">Pater Nosters Vänner</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Swedish)</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 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Brad Hooker
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user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Brad+Hooker" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Brad+Hooker" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. 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class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Hooker&#039;s_rule-consequentialism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hooker&#039;s_rule-consequentialism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Hooker's rule-consequentialism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hooker&#039;s_rule-consequentialism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selected_bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selected_bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Selected bibliography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Selected bibliography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Selected_bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chapters_in_books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chapters_in_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Chapters in books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chapters_in_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Journal_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Journal_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Journal articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Journal_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Podcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Podcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Podcast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Podcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Brad Hooker</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D9%87%D9%88%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1" title="براد هووكر – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="براد هووكر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4954005#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Hooker" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Brad_Hooker" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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searchaux" style="display:none">British-American philosopher (born 1957)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Brad Hooker</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1957-09-13</span>) </span>13 September 1957<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;67)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British-American</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Era</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_philosophy" title="Contemporary philosophy">Contemporary philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Region</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Western_philosophy" title="Western philosophy">Western philosophy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_of_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of schools of philosophy">School</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Analytic_philosophy" title="Analytic philosophy">Analytic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2b44fe6f-39b7-4d16-9b5c-8d8eb7251323"><i>Why should I be moral?</i></a>&#160;(1986)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Parfit" title="Derek Parfit">Derek Parfit</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Main interests</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Moral_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral philosophy">Moral philosophy</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/18px-Socrates.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/27px-Socrates.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Socrates.png/36px-Socrates.png 2x" data-file-width="326" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Philosophy" title="Portal:Philosophy">philosophy portal</a></span></li></ul> <p><b>Brad Hooker</b> (born 13 September 1957)<sup id="cite_ref-Congress_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is a <a href="/wiki/Americans_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Americans in the United Kingdom">British-American</a> philosopher who specialises in <a href="/wiki/Moral_philosophy" class="mw-redirect" title="Moral philosophy">moral philosophy</a>. He is a professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Reading" title="University of Reading">University of Reading</a> and is best known for his work defending <a href="/wiki/Rule_consequentialism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rule consequentialism">rule consequentialism</a> (often treated as being synonymous with <a href="/wiki/Rule_utilitarianism" title="Rule utilitarianism">rule utilitarianism</a>). </p><p>His book <i>Ideal Code, Real World</i><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> received a number of favourable reviews from high-profile philosophers. <a href="/wiki/Derek_Parfit" title="Derek Parfit">Derek Parfit</a>, for example, wrote: "This book seems to me the best statement and defence, so far, of one of the most important moral theories."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hooker initially studied philosophy at <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> before pursuing his BPhil and <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Philosophy" title="Doctor of Philosophy">DPhil</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> from 1981 to 1986, where he was a member of <a href="/wiki/St_Anne%27s_College,_Oxford" title="St Anne&#39;s College, Oxford">St Anne's College</a>, and was taught and supervised by Parfit, <a href="/wiki/James_Griffin_(philosopher)" title="James Griffin (philosopher)">James Griffin</a>, and <a href="/wiki/R._M._Hare" title="R. M. Hare">Richard Hare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hooker's_rule-consequentialism"><span id="Hooker.27s_rule-consequentialism"></span>Hooker's rule-consequentialism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Hooker&#039;s rule-consequentialism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most common objections to rule-consequentialism is that it is incoherent, because it is based on the consequentialist principle that we should be concerned with maximising the good, but then tells us not to act to maximise the good, but to follow rules (even in cases where we know that breaking the rule could produce better results). </p><p>Hooker avoids this objection by not basing his form of rule-consequentialism on the ideal of maximising the good. He writes: </p> <blockquote><p>…the best argument for rule-consequentialism is not that it derives from an overarching commitment to maximise the good. The best argument for rule-consequentialism is that it does a better job than its rivals of matching and tying together our moral convictions, as well as offering us help with our moral disagreements and uncertainties.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_bibliography">Selected bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Selected bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHooker1994" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Brad (1994). <i>Rationality, rules, and utility: new essays on the moral philosophy of Richard B. Brandt</i>. Boulder: Westview Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813315683" title="Special:BookSources/9780813315683"><bdi>9780813315683</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Rationality%2C+rules%2C+and+utility%3A+new+essays+on+the+moral+philosophy+of+Richard+B.+Brandt&amp;rft.place=Boulder&amp;rft.pub=Westview+Press&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.isbn=9780813315683&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHookerLittle2000" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Brad; Little, Margaret Olivia (2000). <i>Moral particularism</i>. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198238836" title="Special:BookSources/9780198238836"><bdi>9780198238836</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Moral+particularism&amp;rft.place=Oxford+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon+Press+Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780198238836&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rft.au=Little%2C+Margaret+Olivia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHookerCrisp2000" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Brad; <a href="/wiki/Roger_Crisp" title="Roger Crisp">Crisp, Roger</a> (2000). <i>Well-being and morality: essays in honour of James Griffin</i>. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198235842" title="Special:BookSources/9780198235842"><bdi>9780198235842</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Well-being+and+morality%3A+essays+in+honour+of+James+Griffin&amp;rft.place=Oxford+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon+Press+Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780198235842&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rft.au=Crisp%2C+Roger&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker2000" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Brad (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/idealcoderealwor0000hook"><i>Ideal code, real world a rule-consequentialist theory of morality</i></a></span>. Oxford New York: Clarendon Press Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199256570" title="Special:BookSources/9780199256570"><bdi>9780199256570</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Ideal+code%2C+real+world+a+rule-consequentialist+theory+of+morality&amp;rft.place=Oxford+New+York&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon+Press+Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=9780199256570&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fidealcoderealwor0000hook&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Reviewed in: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDriver2002" class="citation journal cs1">Driver, Julia (3 June 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ndpr.nd.edu/news/23183/?id=1136">"Book review: Brad Hooker, Ideal code, real world"</a>. <i>Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews</i>. College of Arts and Letters, University of Notre Dame.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Notre+Dame+Philosophical+Reviews&amp;rft.atitle=Book+review%3A+Brad+Hooker%2C+Ideal+code%2C+real+world&amp;rft.date=2002-06-03&amp;rft.aulast=Driver&amp;rft.aufirst=Julia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fndpr.nd.edu%2Fnews%2F23183%2F%3Fid%3D1136&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></dd></dl></dd></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker2012" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Brad (2012). <i>Developing deontology: new essays in ethical theory</i>. Malden, Mass: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781444361940" title="Special:BookSources/9781444361940"><bdi>9781444361940</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Developing+deontology%3A+new+essays+in+ethical+theory&amp;rft.place=Malden%2C+Mass&amp;rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft.isbn=9781444361940&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHookerLittleBakhurst2013" class="citation book cs1">Hooker, Brad; Little, Margaret Olivia; Bakhurst, David (2013). <i>Thinking about reasons: themes from the philosophy of Jonathan Dancy</i>. Oxford, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199604678" title="Special:BookSources/9780199604678"><bdi>9780199604678</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Thinking+about+reasons%3A+themes+from+the+philosophy+of+Jonathan+Dancy&amp;rft.place=Oxford%2C+United+Kingdom&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=9780199604678&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rft.au=Little%2C+Margaret+Olivia&amp;rft.au=Bakhurst%2C+David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chapters_in_books">Chapters in books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Chapters in books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker2008" class="citation web cs1">Hooker, Brad (9 January 2008) [31 December 2003]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/consequentialism-rule/">"Rule Consequentialism (definition)"</a>. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy - online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rule+Consequentialism+%28definition%29&amp;rft.pub=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy+-+online&amp;rft.date=2008-01-09&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fconsequentialism-rule%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Journal_articles">Journal articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Journal articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHooker2002" class="citation journal cs1">Hooker, Brad (Summer 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmond-philosophy.net/rjp/back_issues/issue_1.pdf">"Kant's normative ethics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Richmond Journal of Philosophy</i>. <b>1</b> (1). Twickenham, United Kingdom: Philosophy Department, Richmond upon Thames College: <span class="nowrap">17–</span>22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Richmond+Journal+of+Philosophy&amp;rft.atitle=Kant%27s+normative+ethics&amp;rft.ssn=summer&amp;rft.volume=1&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E17-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.aulast=Hooker&amp;rft.aufirst=Brad&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.richmond-philosophy.net%2Frjp%2Fback_issues%2Fissue_1.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.richmond-philosophy.net/rjp/back_issues/rjp1_hooker.pdf">Pdf of individual article.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Podcast">Podcast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Podcast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation audio-visual cs1">Brad Hooker (3 September 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://philosophybites.libsyn.com/brad_hooker_on_consequentialism"><i>Brad Hooker on consequentialism</i></a> (Podcast). Philosophy bites. Philosophy bites.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Brad+Hooker+on+consequentialism&amp;rft.series=Philosophy+bites&amp;rft.pub=Philosophy+bites&amp;rft.date=2007-09-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphilosophybites.libsyn.com%2Fbrad_hooker_on_consequentialism&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Congress-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Congress_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n93099049.html">"Hooker, Brad, 1957-"</a>. Library of Congress<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2014</span>. <q>CIP t.p. (Brad Hooker) data sheet (b. 9/13/57)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hooker%2C+Brad%2C+1957-&amp;rft.pub=Library+of+Congress&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fid.loc.gov%2Fauthorities%2Fnames%2Fn93099049.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABrad+Hooker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brad Hooker, <i>Ideal Code, Real World</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, new edition 2002</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brad Hooker, <i>Ideal Code, Real World</i>, Oxford University Press, new edition 2002, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/reader/0199256578/ref=sib_rdr_bc?ie=UTF8&amp;p=S06I&amp;j=0#reader-page">back cover</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pub/brad-hooker/3a/917/705">https://www.linkedin.com/pub/brad-hooker/3a/917/705</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Self-published_sources" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This reference citation appears to be to a self-published source. (June 2022)">self-published source</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brad Hooker, <i>Ideal Code, Real World</i>, Oxford University Press, 2000, p. 101.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brad_Hooker&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reading.ac.uk/philosophy/about/staff/b-w-hooker.aspx">Profile page: Brad Hooker</a> University of Reading</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2b44fe6f-39b7-4d16-9b5c-8d8eb7251323">Full text of doctoral thesis "Why should I be moral?"</a> via Oxford Research Archive</li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Professional and academic associations </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Onora_O%27Neill" title="Onora O&#39;Neill">The Baroness O'Neill of Bengarve</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <span class="nowrap">President of the <a href="/wiki/British_Philosophical_Association" title="British Philosophical Association">British Philosophical Association</a></span> </b><br />2006–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/M._M._McCabe" title="M. M. McCabe">M.&#160;M. McCabe</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Frederick Forchheimer
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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American pediatrician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Frederick Forchheimer</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Frederick_Forchheimer.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frederick_Forchheimer.png/220px-Frederick_Forchheimer.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Frederick_Forchheimer.png/330px-Frederick_Forchheimer.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7d/Frederick_Forchheimer.png 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="493" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1853-09-25</span>)</span>September 25, 1853<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a>, Ohio</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 1, 1913<span style="display:none">(1913-06-01)</span> (aged&#160;59)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Cincinnati, Ohio</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Cemetery" title="Spring Grove Cemetery">Spring Grove Cemetery</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_College_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical College of Ohio">Medical College of Ohio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Vagelos_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons">College of Physicians and Surgeons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Pediatrician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Edith Perry</div>&#32;<div style="display:inline-block;">&#8203;</div>&#40;<abbr title="married">m.</abbr>&#160;1885&#41;<wbr />&#8203;</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Frederick Forchheimer</b> (1853&#8211;1913) was an American <a href="/wiki/Pediatrician" class="mw-redirect" title="Pediatrician">pediatrician</a> known for describing <a href="/wiki/Forchheimer_spots" title="Forchheimer spots">Forchheimer spots</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Forchheimer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Frederick Forchheimer was born in <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> on September 25, 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was educated in public schools and the <a href="/wiki/Medical_College_of_Ohio" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical College of Ohio">Medical College of Ohio</a>. He graduated from the <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Vagelos_College_of_Physicians_and_Surgeons" class="mw-redirect" title="Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons">College of Physicians and Surgeons</a> in New York in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyclopaedia_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyclopaedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became an instructor at the Medical College of Ohio in 1875, and founded one of the first clinics for children in the United States. He became professor of diseases of children, and published <i>Diseases of the Mouth in Children</i> in 1892 in which he described his eponymous sign.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He married Edith Perry in 1885 and they had three children.<sup id="cite_ref-Cyclopaedia_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cyclopaedia-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became president of the <a href="/wiki/Association_of_American_Physicians" title="Association of American Physicians">Association of American Physicians</a> in 1911 and was given an honorary <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Science" title="Doctor of Science">Doctor of Science</a> degree by <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a>. He was professor of medicine at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cincinnati" title="University of Cincinnati">University of Cincinnati</a> at the time of his death, which occurred at <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Hospital_(Cincinnati,_Ohio)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Hospital (Cincinnati, Ohio)">Jewish Hospital</a> on June 1, 1913, after a <a href="/wiki/Prostate" title="Prostate">prostate</a> operation. He was buried at <a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Cemetery" title="Spring Grove Cemetery">Spring Grove Cemetery</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Passing_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Passing-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Forchheimer_spots" title="Forchheimer spots">Forchheimer spots</a> are named for him.<sup id="cite_ref-Stedman2005_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stedman2005-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Forchheimer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM191307101690216">"Frederick Forchheimer, 1853–1913"</a>. <i>The Boston Medical and Surgical Journal</i>. <b>169</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">71–</span>72. July 10, 1913. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1056%2FNEJM191307101690216">10.1056/NEJM191307101690216</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0096-6762">0096-6762</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Medical+and+Surgical+Journal&amp;rft.atitle=Frederick+Forchheimer%2C+1853%E2%80%931913&amp;rft.volume=169&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E71-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&amp;rft.date=1913-07-10&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1056%2FNEJM191307101690216&amp;rft.issn=0096-6762&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nejm.org%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1056%2FNEJM191307101690216&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Forchheimer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cyclopaedia-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cyclopaedia_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cyclopaedia_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OqdgDiEkB40C&amp;pg=PA388"><i>The National Cyclopaedia of American Biography</i></a>. Vol.&#160;XVI. James T. White &amp; Company. 1918. p.&#160;388<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2020</span> &#8211; via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+National+Cyclopaedia+of+American+Biography&amp;rft.pages=388&amp;rft.pub=James+T.+White+%26+Company&amp;rft.date=1918&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOqdgDiEkB40C%26pg%3DPA388&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Forchheimer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barry G. Firkin, Judith A. Whitworth. <i>Dictionary of Medical Eponyms</i>, second edition, page 127. Parthenon Publishing Group 1996. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85070-477-5" title="Special:BookSources/1-85070-477-5">1-85070-477-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Passing-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Passing_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34195404/the-american-israelite/">"Passing of Dr. Frederick Forchheimer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_American_Israelite" title="The American Israelite">The American Israelite</a></i>. June 5, 1913. p.&#160;3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2020</span> &#8211; via Newspapers.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+American+Israelite&amp;rft.atitle=Passing+of+Dr.+Frederick+Forchheimer&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.date=1913-06-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fclip%2F34195404%2Fthe-american-israelite%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Forchheimer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stedman2005-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Stedman2005_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStedman2005" class="citation book cs1">Stedman, Thomas Lathrop (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=isqcnR6ryz0C&amp;pg=PA243"><i>Stedman's Medical Eponyms</i></a>. Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins. p.&#160;243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-5443-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7817-5443-9"><bdi>978-0-7817-5443-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Stedman%27s+Medical+Eponyms&amp;rft.pages=243&amp;rft.pub=Lippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7817-5443-9&amp;rft.aulast=Stedman&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas+Lathrop&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DisqcnR6ryz0C%26pg%3DPA243&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Forchheimer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frederick_Forchheimer&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll15/id/293214">"In memoriam&#160;: Frederick Forchheimer"</a>. <i>digital.cincinnatilibrary.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=digital.cincinnatilibrary.org&amp;rft.atitle=In+memoriam+%3A+Frederick+Forchheimer&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.cincinnatilibrary.org%2Fdigital%2Fcollection%2Fp16998coll15%2Fid%2F293214&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrederick+Forchheimer" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian Army infantry battalion</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/9th_Battalion_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="9th Battalion (Australia)">9th Battalion (Australia)</a> and <a href="/wiki/2/9th_Battalion_(Australia)" title="2/9th Battalion (Australia)">2/9th Battalion (Australia)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Active</th><td class="infobox-data">13 November 1967 – 31 October 1973</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Australia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">Light infantry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Part&#160;of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(Australia)" title="1st Division (Australia)">1st Division</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Garrison/HQ</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enoggera,_Queensland" title="Enoggera, Queensland">Enoggera</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colours</th><td class="infobox-data">Beech brown</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">March</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Pass Me By</i> (Quick)<br />Medley of <i>My Home</i>,<i>Wild Colonial Boy</i> and <i>Skye Boat Song</i> (Slow)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Mascot(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">A pure bred merino ram</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Engagements</th><td class="infobox-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hat_Dich" title="Battle of Hat Dich">Battle of Hat Dich</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Decorations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gallantry_Cross_(South_Vietnam)" title="Gallantry Cross (South Vietnam)">Gallantry Cross Unit Citation</a> (South Vietnam)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Commanders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;">Colonel-in-Chief</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">HM The Queen</a> (Australian Infantry Corps)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Insignia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em;"><a href="/wiki/Unit_colour_patch" class="mw-redirect" title="Unit colour patch">Unit colour patch</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UCP_9RAR.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UCP_9RAR.svg/125px-UCP_9RAR.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UCP_9RAR.svg/188px-UCP_9RAR.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/UCP_9RAR.svg/250px-UCP_9RAR.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="117" data-file-height="54" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Military unit</div> <p>The <b>9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</b> (9 RAR) was a Regular <a href="/wiki/Light_infantry" title="Light infantry">light infantry</a> <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Army" title="Australian Army">Australian Army</a>. The battalion was raised in November 1967 and deployed to <a href="/wiki/South_Vietnam" title="South Vietnam">South Vietnam</a> as part of Australia's commitment to the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> in November 1968. 9 RAR served a year-long tour of duty based out of <a href="/wiki/Nui_Dat" title="Nui Dat">Nui Dat</a> conducting operations mainly in <a href="/wiki/Phuoc_Tuy_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuoc Tuy Province">Phuoc Tuy Province</a> as part of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Australian_Task_Force" title="1st Australian Task Force">1st Australian Task Force</a>. The battalion returned to Australia in November 1969 and was re-formed at <a href="/wiki/Enoggera_Barracks" title="Enoggera Barracks">Enoggera</a>, Queensland in January 1970 as part of the 6th Task Force, attached to the <a href="/wiki/1st_Division_(Australia)" title="1st Division (Australia)">1st Division</a>. On 31 November 1973, following the withdrawal of Australian forces from South Vietnam and subsequent reduction of the Australian Army, the battalion was linked with the <a href="/wiki/8th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="8th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">8th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</a> (8 RAR) to form the <a href="/wiki/8th/9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="8th/9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">8th/9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</a> (8/9 RAR). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Formation">Formation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>9 RAR was raised at <a href="/wiki/Keswick_Barracks" title="Keswick Barracks">Keswick Barracks</a> in <a href="/wiki/Adelaide" title="Adelaide">Adelaide</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Australia" title="South Australia">South Australia</a>, on 13 November 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Shortly after that they moved to <a href="/wiki/Woodside_Barracks" title="Woodside Barracks">Woodside Barracks</a>, where they began lead-up training in anticipation for future deployment to South Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over the course of the next few months the battalion was slowly brought up to full strength, and by April 1968 9 RAR had received its full complement of personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In order to achieve this more quickly, the battalion undertook the training of its complement of 140 <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Australia#Vietnam_War" title="Conscription in Australia">national servicemen</a> instead of putting them through the normal centralised training scheme.<sup id="cite_ref-digger_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vietnam_War">Vietnam War</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Vietnam War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9_RAR_soldiers_during_their_farewell_parade_from_South_Vietnam_in_November_1969.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/9_RAR_soldiers_during_their_farewell_parade_from_South_Vietnam_in_November_1969.jpg/220px-9_RAR_soldiers_during_their_farewell_parade_from_South_Vietnam_in_November_1969.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/9_RAR_soldiers_during_their_farewell_parade_from_South_Vietnam_in_November_1969.jpg/330px-9_RAR_soldiers_during_their_farewell_parade_from_South_Vietnam_in_November_1969.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/9_RAR_soldiers_during_their_farewell_parade_from_South_Vietnam_in_November_1969.jpg/440px-9_RAR_soldiers_during_their_farewell_parade_from_South_Vietnam_in_November_1969.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption>9 RAR soldiers remember comrades who died during the unit's deployment to South Vietnam at a parade held shortly ahead of their return to Australia in November 1969</figcaption></figure> <p>After completing its training, an advance party of 150 men from the battalion arrived at the <a href="/wiki/1st_Australian_Task_Force" title="1st Australian Task Force">1st Australian Task Force</a> base at Nui Dat in <a href="/wiki/Phuoc_Tuy_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Phuoc Tuy Province">Phuoc Tuy Province</a> on 5 November 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The rest of 9 RAR departed Adelaide on <a href="/wiki/HMAS_Sydney_(R17)" title="HMAS Sydney (R17)">HMAS&#160;<i>Sydney</i></a> on 9 November 1968 and while en route they celebrated the battalion's first birthday at sea, becoming the first battalion of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="Royal Australian Regiment">Royal Australian Regiment</a> to do so.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They were also the first battalion to deploy on active service without first having been presented with their colours.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Albie Morrison, the main body arrived in country on 20 November 1968 and by early December, 9&#160;RAR had commenced operations.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their first major operation, <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Hat_Dich" title="Battle of Hat Dich">Operation Goodwood</a>, was undertaken in <a href="/wiki/Bien_Hoa_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bien Hoa Province">Bien Hoa Province</a> and was a response to the increasing presence of <a href="/wiki/Vietcong" class="mw-redirect" title="Vietcong">Vietcong</a> (VC) forces in the province.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Over the course of the tour, 9 RAR undertook eleven major operations that lasted roughly a month each, along with a number of other minor operations.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>To a large extent these operations were focused upon pacification, which attempted to isolate the VC from the local population and to create a more secure situation in order to stabilise the South Vietnamese government.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Thus the main role for 9 RAR at this time was to carry out reconnaissance-in-force and cordon-and-search missions to locate the VC base locations, clear land and to protect the civilian population.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The majority of these operations were carried out in Phuoc Tuy, <a href="/wiki/Long_Kh%C3%A1nh_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Khánh Province">Long Khanh</a>, Bien Hoa and <a href="/wiki/B%C3%ACnh_Tuy_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Bình Tuy Province">Binh Tuy</a> provinces.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>9 RAR remained in South Vietnam until 28 November 1969 when it was relieved by 8 RAR and returned to Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One <a href="/wiki/Distinguished_Service_Order" title="Distinguished Service Order">Distinguished Service Order</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Military_Cross" title="Military Cross">Military Crosses</a>, seven <a href="/wiki/Military_Medal" title="Military Medal">Military Medals</a> and eleven <a href="/wiki/Mention_in_Despatches" class="mw-redirect" title="Mention in Despatches">Mentions in Despatches</a> were awarded to members of 9 RAR as result of their tour to South Vietnam.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Casualties included 35 killed,<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and another 150 wounded.<sup id="cite_ref-digger_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amalgamation">Amalgamation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Amalgamation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The battalion returned to Australia in November 1969 and were subsequently moved to <a href="/wiki/Enoggera_Barracks" title="Enoggera Barracks">Gallipoli Barracks</a> at <a href="/wiki/Enoggera,_Queensland" title="Enoggera, Queensland">Enoggera</a> in <a href="/wiki/Queensland" title="Queensland">Queensland</a>, where they were attached to the <a href="/wiki/6th_Brigade_(Australia)" title="6th Brigade (Australia)">6th Task Force</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-digger_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Early in 1970, there was a change of command and Lieutenant Colonel E.R. Phillip took over the role of commanding officer. On 29 April 1971, the battalion finally received its colours at a ceremony at Enoggera presided over by the <a href="/wiki/Governor-General_of_Australia" title="Governor-General of Australia">Governor-General of Australia</a>, Sir <a href="/wiki/Paul_Hasluck" title="Paul Hasluck">Paul Hasluck</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In August 1971, Phillip subsequently handed over to Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Essex-Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Essex-Clark (page does not exist)">John Essex-Clark</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The battalion was scheduled to return to South Vietnam for its second tour of duty, however, the Australian government decided to <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_the_Vietnam_War#Withdrawal_of_Australian_forces,_1970–1973" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War">end its commitment</a> in late 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-digger_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-digger-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>This decision, coupled with the subsequent abolition of <a href="/wiki/Conscription_in_Australia" title="Conscription in Australia">conscription</a> following the election of the <a href="/wiki/Gough_Whitlam" title="Gough Whitlam">Whitlam</a> <a href="/wiki/Whitlam_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Whitlam Government">government</a> and a shift in Australian defence policy towards an emphasis on the <a href="/wiki/Defence_of_Australia_Policy" class="mw-redirect" title="Defence of Australia Policy">defence of mainland Australia</a>, resulted in the need to reduce the size of the Australian Army. In order to implement these changes it was decided to amalgamate a number of infantry battalions. 9 RAR was one of these, and on 31 October 1973 the battalion was linked with 8 RAR to form 8/9 RAR at a ceremony conducted at Gallipoli Barracks, Enoggera.<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Battle_honours">Battle honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Battle honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Vietnam</b>: Vietnam 1968–69.<sup id="cite_ref-AWM_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commanding_officers">Commanding officers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Commanding officers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following officers commanded 9 RAR:<sup id="cite_ref-rarorg_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Alan_Morrison_(general)" title="Alan Morrison (general)">A.L. Morrison</a> DSO, <a href="/wiki/Member_of_the_Most_Excellent_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire">MBE</a> (13 November 1967 – 14 January 1970);</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel E.R. Philip (15 January 1970 – 24 August 1971); and</li> <li>Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Essex-Clark&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Essex-Clark (page does not exist)">J. Essex-Clark</a> (25 August 1971 – 30 October 1973).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Australia_during_the_Vietnam_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War">Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-rarorg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rarorg_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110219180655/http://www.rar.org.au/documents/9RARHistoryComplete.pdf">"Royal Australian Regiment Standing Orders: Annex I to Chapter 6 – History of 9 RAR"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Royal Australian Regiment Association. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rar.org.au/documents/9RARHistoryComplete.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 19 February 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Royal+Australian+Regiment+Standing+Orders%3A+Annex+I+to+Chapter+6+%E2%80%93+History+of+9+RAR&amp;rft.pub=Royal+Australian+Regiment+Association&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rar.org.au%2Fdocuments%2F9RARHistoryComplete.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Battalion%2C+Royal+Australian+Regiment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AWM-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AWM_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080821081434/http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11347vietnam.asp">"9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment"</a>. <i>Vietnam, 1962–1972 units</i>. Australian War Memorial. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11347vietnam.asp">the original</a> on 21 August 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vietnam%2C+1962%E2%80%931972+units&amp;rft.atitle=9th+Battalion%2C+Royal+Australian+Regiment&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.awm.gov.au%2Funits%2Funit_11347vietnam.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Battalion%2C+Royal+Australian+Regiment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-digger-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-digger_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digger_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digger_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-digger_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-army-today/rar-sasr/9_rar.htm">"9 RAR: A Short But Proud History"</a>. Digger History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100819081347/http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-army-today/rar-sasr/9_rar.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=9+RAR%3A+A+Short+But+Proud+History&amp;rft.pub=Digger+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diggerhistory.info%2Fpages-army-today%2Frar-sasr%2F9_rar.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Battalion%2C+Royal+Australian+Regiment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-army-today/rar-sasr/0-rar-cat-index.htm">"The Royal Australian Regiment: A History"</a>. Digger History. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100909090050/http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-army-today/rar-sasr/0-rar-cat-index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 9 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Royal+Australian+Regiment%3A+A+History&amp;rft.pub=Digger+History&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diggerhistory.info%2Fpages-army-today%2Frar-sasr%2F0-rar-cat-index.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Battalion%2C+Royal+Australian+Regiment" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHornerBou2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Horner" title="David Horner">Horner, David</a>; Bou, Jean, eds. (2008). <i>Duty First: A History of the Royal Australian Regiment</i> (2nd&#160;ed.). Crows Nest, New South Wales: Allen &amp; Unwin. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74175-374-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74175-374-5"><bdi>978-1-74175-374-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Duty+First%3A+A+History+of+the+Royal+Australian+Regiment&amp;rft.place=Crows+Nest%2C+New+South+Wales&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Allen+%26+Unwin&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-74175-374-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Battalion%2C+Royal+Australian+Regiment" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickery2006" class="citation book cs1">Vickery, Brian (2006). <i>9th Battalion, the Royal Australian Regiment: Proud to Serve</i>. Kingscliff, N.S.W.: 9RAR Association. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-646-46294-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-646-46294-3"><bdi>978-0-646-46294-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=9th+Battalion%2C+the+Royal+Australian+Regiment%3A+Proud+to+Serve&amp;rft.place=Kingscliff%2C+N.S.W.&amp;rft.pub=9RAR+Association&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-646-46294-3&amp;rft.aulast=Vickery&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A9th+Battalion%2C+Royal+Australian+Regiment" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="Template:Royal Australian Regiment"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="Template talk:Royal Australian Regiment"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Royal Australian Regiment"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="30px&amp;#124;_Battalions_of_the_Royal_Australian_Regiment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Australia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/30px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/60px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="Royal Australian Regiment">Battalions of the Royal Australian Regiment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current battalions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1st_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="1st Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">1 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">2 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3rd_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="3rd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">3 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th/7th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="5th/7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">5/7 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="6th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">6 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th/9th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="8th/9th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">8/9 RAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former battalions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">4 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2nd/4th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="2nd/4th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">2/4 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="5th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">5 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="7th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">7 RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Battalion,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="8th Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment">8 RAR</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">9 RAR</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service_Regiment_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Special Air Service Regiment (Australia)">1 SAS Coy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10th_Independent_Rifle_Company,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" title="10th Independent Rifle Company, Royal Australian Regiment">10 IRC RAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depot_Company,_Royal_Australian_Regiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Depot Company, Royal Australian Regiment">Depot Coy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐7w6zt Cached time: 20241228193756 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.391 seconds Real time usage: 0.775 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1886/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 36129/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2784/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 35659/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.245/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5133878/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 473.167 1 -total 23.85% 112.863 1 Template:Reflist 20.37% 96.367 4 Template:Cite_web 18.37% 86.932 1 Template:RAR 18.35% 86.847 2 Template:Short_description 16.60% 78.554 1 Template:Navbox 12.38% 58.572 1 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List of Olympic women's ice hockey players for Canada
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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/20px-Cscr-featured.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/30px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Cscr-featured.svg/40px-Cscr-featured.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="443" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada2010WinterOlympicswomengold.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canada2010WinterOlympicswomengold.jpg/250px-Canada2010WinterOlympicswomengold.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canada2010WinterOlympicswomengold.jpg/375px-Canada2010WinterOlympicswomengold.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Canada2010WinterOlympicswomengold.jpg/500px-Canada2010WinterOlympicswomengold.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption>The gold medal-winning Canadian women's ice hockey team celebrates at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Winter_Olympics" title="2010 Winter Olympics">2010 Winter Olympics</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Women's <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> tournaments <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_Olympic_Games" title="Ice hockey at the Olympic Games">have been staged</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic Games</a> since 1998.<sup id="cite_ref-Agreement_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agreement-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nine goaltenders and sixty-one skaters have played for Canada. </p><p>Men's ice hockey had been introduced at the <a href="/wiki/1920_Summer_Olympics" title="1920 Summer Olympics">1920 Summer Olympics</a>, and added to the <a href="/wiki/Winter_Olympic_Games" title="Winter Olympic Games">Winter Olympic Games</a> in 1924.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July 1992, the <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> (IOC) voted to approve women's hockey as an Olympic event first to be held at the <a href="/wiki/1998_Winter_Olympics" title="1998 Winter Olympics">1998 Winter Olympics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Agreement_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Agreement-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Until 1998, <a href="/wiki/Canada_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Canada women&#39;s national ice hockey team">Canada's national team</a> had dominated women's hockey. Canadian teams had won every World Championship; however, by 1997, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_women%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="United States women&#39;s national ice hockey team">American team</a> had improved and was evenly matched with Canada. In thirteen games played between the two teams in 1997, Canada won seven and the United States won six. Canada and the United States dominated the preliminary round of the 1998 tournament, and in their head-to-head match up, the United States won 7–4.<sup id="cite_ref-WHistory_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WHistory-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The two teams met in the gold medal final, which the United States won 3–1.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Canadian and American teams continued their rivalry, and in a rematch between the two at the <a href="/wiki/2002_Winter_Olympics" title="2002 Winter Olympics">2002 Winter Olympics</a>, Canada won 3–2. In <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2006_Winter_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics">2006</a>, the Canadian team started the tournament by outscoring opponents 36–1 over three games. American <a href="/wiki/Defenceman_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Defenceman (ice hockey)">defenceman</a> <a href="/wiki/Angela_Ruggiero" title="Angela Ruggiero">Angela Ruggiero</a> accused the team of <a href="/wiki/Running_up_the_score" title="Running up the score">running up the score</a> and warned that the event's Olympic status could be called into question due to a perceived lack of competitive teams.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the final, Canada beat Sweden to claim their second consecutive gold medal.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2010_Winter_Olympics" title="Ice hockey at the 2010 Winter Olympics">2010</a>, the Canadian and American teams outscored opponents in the preliminary round by 41–2 and 31–1 margins, respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-VSun2010_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSun2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This brought on more criticism about uneven competition.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Fasel" title="René Fasel">René Fasel</a> said the <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a> would consider adding a <a href="/wiki/Mercy_rule" title="Mercy rule">mercy rule</a> to future tournaments.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the gold medal game, Canada defeated the American team 2–0 to win their third consecutive gold.<sup id="cite_ref-VSun2010_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VSun2010-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_at_the_2014_Winter_Olympics_%E2%80%93_Women%27s_tournament" title="Ice hockey at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Women&#39;s tournament">2014</a>, the talent disparity had gotten smaller, with Canada and the United States only outscoring their opponents 11–2 and 14–4 in the preliminary round, respectfully.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, Canada and the United States once again faced off in the gold medal game. Canada, on the shoulders of two goals from <a href="/wiki/Marie-Philip_Poulin" title="Marie-Philip Poulin">Marie-Philip Poulin</a> came back from a 3–2 deficit late in the 3rd period to claim the gold medal for the fourth consecutive time.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2018, the United States had their own come-from-behind victory, winning their first gold medal in 20 years. In 2022, Canada reclaimed gold against the United States in a game won off Marie-Philip Poulin's third career gold medal-winning goal. </p><p>Canada has won five gold medals and two silver medals in women's hockey.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame</a> has inducted the 2002 and 2006 gold medal-winning teams. <a href="/wiki/Cassie_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassie Campbell">Cassie Campbell</a> was the first female hockey player inducted into <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canada&#39;s Sports Hall of Fame">Canada's Sports Hall of Fame</a> or any national hall of fame in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Hayley_Wickenheiser" title="Hayley Wickenheiser">Hayley Wickenheiser</a> was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/IIHF_Hall_of_Fame" title="IIHF Hall of Fame">International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF) Hall of Fame</a> in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Six members of Canada's Olympic Women's ice hockey teams have been inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">Hockey Hall of Fame</a>—<a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Heaney" title="Geraldine Heaney">Geraldine Heaney</a> (2013), <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Goyette" title="Danielle Goyette">Danielle Goyette</a> (2017), <a href="/wiki/Jayna_Hefford" title="Jayna Hefford">Jayna Hefford</a> (2018), Hayley Wickenheiser (2019), <a href="/wiki/Kim_St-Pierre" title="Kim St-Pierre">Kim St-Pierre</a> (2020), and <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Ouellette" title="Caroline Ouellette">Caroline Ouellette</a> (2023). Two women have participated in five tournaments and won five medals (four gold and one silver)—Jayna Hefford, and Hayley Wickenheiser. Wickenheiser is the all-time leading scorer in the women's tournament at the Olympics, with 18 goals, 33 assists and 51 points.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key">Key</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Key"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Abbreviations</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>GP </th> <td>Games played </td></tr> <tr> <th><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Green tick" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/13px-Green_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/20px-Green_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Green_check.svg/26px-Green_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span><span style="display:none">Y</span> </th> <td>Indicates that the player was a part of that year's Olympic roster. </td></tr> <tr> <th>IIHFHOF </th> <td><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Hall_of_Fame" title="IIHF Hall of Fame">IIHF Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>COHOF </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>CSHOF </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canada&#39;s Sports Hall of Fame">Canada's Sports Hall of Fame</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Goaltenders </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>W </th> <td>Wins </td> <th>SO </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Shutout" title="Shutout">Shutouts</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>L </th> <td>Losses </td> <th>GA </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">Goals against</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>T </th> <td>Ties </td> <th>GAA </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Goals_against_average" title="Goals against average">Goals against average</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>MIN </th> <td>Minutes played </td> <th> </th> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break"> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Skaters </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>P </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Point_(ice_hockey)" title="Point (ice hockey)">Points</a> </td> <th>G </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">Goals</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th>PIM </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">Penalty minutes</a> </td> <th>A </th> <td><a href="/wiki/Assist_(ice_hockey)" title="Assist (ice hockey)">Assists</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>&#32; </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goaltenders">Goaltenders</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Goaltenders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charline_Labonte_32.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Charline_Labonte_32.jpg/220px-Charline_Labonte_32.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Charline_Labonte_32.jpg/330px-Charline_Labonte_32.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Charline_Labonte_32.jpg/440px-Charline_Labonte_32.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Charline_Labont%C3%A9" title="Charline Labonté">Charline Labonté</a> won gold medals in 2006, 2010 and 2014.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kim_St-Pierre_33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kim_St-Pierre_33.jpg/220px-Kim_St-Pierre_33.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kim_St-Pierre_33.jpg/330px-Kim_St-Pierre_33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Kim_St-Pierre_33.jpg/440px-Kim_St-Pierre_33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="489" data-file-height="575" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kim_St-Pierre" title="Kim St-Pierre">Kim St-Pierre</a> was part of three gold medal-winning teams.</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="145px">Player </th> <th>Olympics </th> <th width="30px">GP<br /> </th> <th width="30px">W<br /> </th> <th width="30px">L<br /> </th> <th width="30px">T<br /> </th> <th width="30px">SO<br /> </th> <th width="30px">Min<br /> </th> <th width="30px">GA<br /> </th> <th>GAA<br /> </th> <th>Medals </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Desbiens, Ann-Renée"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ann-Ren%C3%A9e_Desbiens" title="Ann-Renée Desbiens">Ann-Renée Desbiens</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018, 2022 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>360 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>1.50 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Lacasse, Geneviève"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Genevi%C3%A8ve_Lacasse" title="Geneviève Lacasse">Geneviève Lacasse</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014, 2018 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Labonté, Charline"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charline_Labont%C3%A9" title="Charline Labonté">Charline Labonté</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2002<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_1"><a href="#endnote_1">[N 1]</a></sup>, 2006<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_1"><a href="#endnote_1">[N 1]</a></sup>, 2010, 2014 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>320 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0.75 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:3_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Emerance_Maschmeyer" title="Emerance Maschmeyer">Emerance Maschmeyer</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>120 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0.50 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Reddon, Lesley"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lesley_Reddon" title="Lesley Reddon">Lesley Reddon</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>151</td> <td>9</td> <td>3.58</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Goal98_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goal98-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Rhéaume, Manon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Manon_Rh%C3%A9aume" title="Manon Rhéaume">Manon Rhéaume</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>4</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>208</td> <td>4</td> <td>1.15</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Goal98_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goal98-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="St-Pierre, Kim"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kim_St-Pierre" title="Kim St-Pierre">Kim St-Pierre</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2002–2010 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>460 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0.78 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">HHOF</a> (2020) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2002_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2002-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Small, Sami Jo"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sami_Jo_Small" title="Sami Jo Small">Sami Jo Small</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2002, 2006<sup class="plainlinks nourlexpansion citation" id="ref_1"><a href="#endnote_1">[N 1]</a></sup> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>60 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0.00 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2002_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2002-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Szabados, Shannon"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Shannon_Szabados" title="Shannon Szabados">Shannon Szabados</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2010–2018 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>568 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0.74 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td align="left"> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reserve_goaltenders">Reserve goaltenders</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Reserve goaltenders"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>These goaltenders were named to the Olympic roster, but did not receive any ice time during games. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Player </th> <th>Olympics </th> <th>Medals </th> <th>Notes </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="Campbell, Kristen"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kristen_Campbell" title="Kristen Campbell">Kristen Campbell</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_1"><b><a href="#ref_1">^</a></b></span> Note 1. Named to roster, but did not play in any games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Skaters">Skaters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Skaters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jennifer_Botterill.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jennifer_Botterill.jpg/220px-Jennifer_Botterill.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jennifer_Botterill.jpg/330px-Jennifer_Botterill.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Jennifer_Botterill.jpg/440px-Jennifer_Botterill.jpg 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Botterill" title="Jennifer Botterill">Jennifer Botterill</a> was a member of four women's teams.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cassiecampbell2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Cassiecampbell2.jpg/220px-Cassiecampbell2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Cassiecampbell2.jpg/330px-Cassiecampbell2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Cassiecampbell2.jpg/440px-Cassiecampbell2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="801" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Cassie_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassie Campbell">Cassie Campbell</a> is the one of two Canadian players to be captain of multiple teams (2002 and 2006).<sup id="cite_ref-CampCap_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CampCap-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marie-Philip_Poulin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Marie-Philip_Poulin.jpg/220px-Marie-Philip_Poulin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Marie-Philip_Poulin.jpg/330px-Marie-Philip_Poulin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Marie-Philip_Poulin.jpg/440px-Marie-Philip_Poulin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3075" data-file-height="2475" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Marie-Philip_Poulin" title="Marie-Philip Poulin">Marie-Philip Poulin</a> scored the gold medal-winning goal in three separate Olympics (2010, 2014, 2022)<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hayley_Wickenheiser_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hayley_Wickenheiser_cropped.jpg/220px-Hayley_Wickenheiser_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="322" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hayley_Wickenheiser_cropped.jpg/330px-Hayley_Wickenheiser_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Hayley_Wickenheiser_cropped.jpg/440px-Hayley_Wickenheiser_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2078" data-file-height="3037" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Hayley_Wickenheiser" title="Hayley Wickenheiser">Hayley Wickenheiser</a> is the all-time leading scorer in the women's event and was named tournament MVP twice.<sup id="cite_ref-Wicken_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wicken-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th width="145px">Player </th> <th>Olympics<br /> </th> <th width="30px">GP<br /> </th> <th width="30px">G<br /> </th> <th width="30px">A<br /> </th> <th width="30px">P<br /> </th> <th>PIM<br /> </th> <th>Medals </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th> <th class="unsortable">Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Agosta, Meghan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Meghan_Agosta" title="Meghan Agosta">Meghan Agosta</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2006–2018</td> <td>20</td> <td>17</td> <td>11</td> <td>28</td> <td>8</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="05&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Antal, Dana"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dana_Antal" title="Dana Antal">Dana Antal</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="06&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Erin_Ambrose" title="Erin Ambrose">Erin Ambrose</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Apps, Gillian"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Apps" title="Gillian Apps">Gillian Apps</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2006–2014</td> <td>15</td> <td>10</td> <td>11</td> <td>21</td> <td>18</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="05&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Bechard, Kelly"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kelly_Bechard" title="Kelly Bechard">Kelly Bechard</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="06&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ashton_Bell" title="Ashton Bell">Ashton Bell</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Bonhomme, Tessa"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tessa_Bonhomme" title="Tessa Bonhomme">Tessa Bonhomme</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2010</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>0</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="08&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Botterill, Jennifer"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Botterill" title="Jennifer Botterill">Jennifer Botterill</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998–2010</td> <td>21</td> <td>4</td> <td>11</td> <td>15</td> <td>12</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Bram, Bailey"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bailey_Bram" title="Bailey Bram">Bailey Bram</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Brisson, Therese"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_Brisson" title="Thérèse Brisson">Thérèse Brisson</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998, 2002</td> <td>11</td> <td>7</td> <td>4</td> <td>11</td> <td>12</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="05.1&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Campbell, Cassie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cassie_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="Cassie Campbell">Cassie Campbell</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998–2006</td> <td>16</td> <td>3</td> <td>7</td> <td>10</td> <td>12</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="03&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span></td> <td align="left">Team Captain (2002, 2006)<sup id="cite_ref-CampCap_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CampCap-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canada&#39;s Sports Hall of Fame">CSHOF</a> (2007)<br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Chartrand, Isabelle"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Isabelle_Chartrand" title="Isabelle Chartrand">Isabelle Chartrand</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td>1</td> <td>3</td> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="06&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Clark, Emily"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Emily_Clark_(ice_hockey)" title="Emily Clark (ice hockey)">Emily Clark</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018, 2022 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>8 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Daoust, Mélodie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9lodie_Daoust" title="Mélodie Daoust">Mélodie Daoust</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014–2022 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>6 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Diduck, Judy"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Judy_Diduck" title="Judy Diduck">Judy Diduck</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>10</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="09&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Dupuis, Lori"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lori_Dupuis" title="Lori Dupuis">Lori Dupuis</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="06&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Fast, Renata"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Renata_Fast" title="Renata Fast">Renata Fast</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018, 2022 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>8 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Ferrari, Gillian"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gillian_Ferrari" title="Gillian Ferrari">Gillian Ferrari</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2006</td> <td>5</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="07&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Fillier" title="Sarah Fillier">Sarah Fillier</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Fortino, Laura"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Fortino" title="Laura Fortino">Laura Fortino</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014, 2018 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Goyette, Danielle"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Danielle_Goyette" title="Danielle Goyette">Danielle Goyette</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998–2006</td> <td>16</td> <td>15</td> <td>10</td> <td>25</td> <td>16</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="03&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/List_of_flag_bearers_for_Canada_at_the_Olympics" title="List of flag bearers for Canada at the Olympics">Flag bearer</a> (2006)<sup id="cite_ref-flag_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-flag-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">HHOF</a> (2017)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Heaney, Geraldine"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Heaney" title="Geraldine Heaney">Geraldine Heaney</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998, 2002</td> <td>11</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="05.1&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/IIHF_Hall_of_Fame" title="IIHF Hall of Fame">IIHFHOF</a> (2008)<br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">HHOF</a> (2013)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Hefford, Jayna"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jayna_Hefford" title="Jayna Hefford">Jayna Hefford</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998–2014</td> <td>26</td> <td>13</td> <td>18</td> <td>31</td> <td>18</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014) </td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">HHOF</a> (2018)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Irwin, Haley"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Haley_Irwin" title="Haley Irwin">Haley Irwin</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2010–2018</td> <td>15</td> <td>6</td> <td>3</td> <td>9</td> <td>4</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="08&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Jenner, Brianne"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brianne_Jenner" title="Brianne Jenner">Brianne Jenner</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014–2022 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Johnston, Rebecca"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Johnston" title="Rebecca Johnston">Rebecca Johnston</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2014–2022</td> <td>22</td> <td>8</td> <td>18</td> <td>26</td> <td>10</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="08&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Kellar, Becky"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Becky_Kellar" class="mw-redirect" title="Becky Kellar">Becky Kellar</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998–2010</td> <td>21</td> <td>1</td> <td>7</td> <td>8</td> <td>14</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Kingsbury, Gina"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gina_Kingsbury" title="Gina Kingsbury">Gina Kingsbury</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2006–2010</td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td>8</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="05&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Larocque, Jocelyne"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jocelyne_Larocque" title="Jocelyne Larocque">Jocelyne Larocque</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014–2022 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>14 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="MacLeod, Carla"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Carla_MacLeod" title="Carla MacLeod">Carla MacLeod</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2006, 2010</td> <td>10</td> <td>4</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>4</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="05&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Emma_Maltais" title="Emma Maltais">Emma Maltais</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="McCormack, Kathy"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Kathy_McCormack" title="Kathy McCormack">Kathy McCormack</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="09&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Mikkelson, Meaghan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Meaghan_Mikkelson" title="Meaghan Mikkelson">Meaghan Mikkelson</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2010–2018</td> <td>14</td> <td>0</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>6</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="08&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Nurse, Sarah"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Nurse" title="Sarah Nurse">Sarah Nurse</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018, 2022 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>8 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Nystrom, Karen"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Karen_Nystrom" title="Karen Nystrom">Karen Nystrom</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="09&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Ouellette, Caroline"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Ouellette" title="Caroline Ouellette">Caroline Ouellette</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002–2014</td> <td>20</td> <td>8</td> <td>17</td> <td>26</td> <td>14</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)</span> </td> <td align="left">Team Captain (2014) <sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">HHOF</a> (2023) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Piper, Cherie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cherie_Piper" title="Cherie Piper">Cherie Piper</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002–2010</td> <td>15</td> <td>15</td> <td>15</td> <td>30</td> <td>0</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Poulin, Marie-Philip"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Marie-Philip_Poulin" title="Marie-Philip Poulin">Marie-Philip Poulin</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2010–2022</td> <td>22</td> <td>17</td> <td>18</td> <td>35</td> <td>14</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="08&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td align="left">Team Captain (2018,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 2022<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Pounder, Cheryl"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Cheryl_Pounder" title="Cheryl Pounder">Cheryl Pounder</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002, 2006</td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td>4</td> <td>6</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="04&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Lee_Rattray" title="Jamie Lee Rattray">Jamie Lee Rattray</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Rougeau, Lauriane"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lauriane_Rougeau" title="Lauriane Rougeau">Lauriane Rougeau</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014, 2018 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>6 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Saulnier, Jillian"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jillian_Saulnier" class="mw-redirect" title="Jillian Saulnier">Jillian Saulnier</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018, 2022 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Schuler, Laura"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Schuler" title="Laura Schuler">Laura Schuler</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>4</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="09&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Ella_Shelton" title="Ella Shelton">Ella Shelton</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Shewchuk, Tammy Lee"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tammy_Lee_Shewchuk" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammy Lee Shewchuk">Tammy Lee Shewchuk</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="06&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Smith, Fiona"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fiona_Lesley_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiona Lesley Smith">Fiona Smith</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="09&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Sostorics, Colleen"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Colleen_Sostorics" title="Colleen Sostorics">Colleen Sostorics</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2002–2010</td> <td>15</td> <td>1</td> <td>8</td> <td>9</td> <td>12</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Spooner, Natalie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Natalie_Spooner" title="Natalie Spooner">Natalie Spooner</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014–2022 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="St-Louis, France"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/France_St-Louis" class="mw-redirect" title="France St-Louis">France St-Louis</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998 </td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="09&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</span></td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Stacey, Laura"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Laura_Stacey" title="Laura Stacey">Laura Stacey</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018, 2022 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>6 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Sunohara, Vicky"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Vicky_Sunohara" title="Vicky Sunohara">Vicky Sunohara</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998–2006</td> <td>16</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>13</td> <td>8</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="03&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Claire_Thompson_(ice_hockey)" title="Claire Thompson (ice hockey)">Claire Thompson</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>2 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Turnbull, Blayre"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Blayre_Turnbull" title="Blayre Turnbull">Blayre Turnbull</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2018, 2022 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>8 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) <p><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </p> </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Vaillancourt, Sarah"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Vaillancourt" title="Sarah Vaillancourt">Sarah Vaillancourt</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2006, 2010</td> <td>10</td> <td>5</td> <td>9</td> <td>14</td> <td>8</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="05&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Wakefield, Jennifer"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Wakefield" class="mw-redirect" title="Jennifer Wakefield">Jennifer Wakefield</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014, 2018 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014)<br /><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (2018) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Ward, Catherine"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Ward" title="Catherine Ward">Catherine Ward</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2010, 2014</td> <td>10</td> <td>2</td> <td>3</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="08&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014) </td> <td></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Watchorn, Tara"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tara_Watchorn" title="Tara Watchorn">Tara Watchorn</a></span></span></span> </td> <td align="left">2014 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>10 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Weatherston, Katie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Katie_Weatherston" title="Katie Weatherston">Katie Weatherston</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">2006</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>2</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="07&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)</span></td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2012)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Wickenheiser, Hayley"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Hayley_Wickenheiser" title="Hayley Wickenheiser">Hayley Wickenheiser</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998–2014</td> <td>26</td> <td>18</td> <td>33</td> <td>51</td> <td>12</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2002)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2006)<br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2010)</span><br /><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2014) </td> <td align="left">Team Captain (2010)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame">COHOF</a> (2009, 2012)<br /><a href="/wiki/Hockey_Hall_of_Fame" title="Hockey Hall of Fame">HHOF</a> (2019)</td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-OR2010_29-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Wom06_28-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-SI2002_36-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><sup id="cite_ref-:0_24-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="Wilson, Stacy"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stacy_Wilson" title="Stacy Wilson">Stacy Wilson</a></span></span></span></td> <td align="left">1998</td> <td>6</td> <td>1</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>0</td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="09&#160;!"><span data-sort-value="02&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Silver_medal_icon.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Silver</span> (1998)</span></td> <td align="left">Team Captain (1998)<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-HC1998_37-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Micah_Zandee-Hart" title="Micah Zandee-Hart">Micah Zandee-Hart</a> </td> <td align="left">2022 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>8 </td> <td align="left"><span data-sort-value="01&#160;!"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/16px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/24px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Gold_medal_icon.svg/32px-Gold_medal_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span>&#160;Gold</span> (2022) </td> <td> </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/32px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/48px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b1/Olympic_Rings.svg/64px-Olympic_Rings.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="495" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Olympics">Olympics portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_men%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada" title="List of Olympic men&#39;s ice hockey players for Canada">List of Olympic men's ice hockey players for Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Finland" title="List of Olympic women&#39;s ice hockey players for Finland">List of Olympic women's ice hockey players for Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_the_United_States" title="List of Olympic women&#39;s ice hockey players for the United States">List of Olympic women's ice hockey players for the United States</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Agreement-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Agreement_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Agreement_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9E0CE0DF1431F93AA15752C1A964958260">"An Agreement By Nagano Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 1992-11-29. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019234549/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/11/29/sports/an-agreement-by-nagano-games.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-10-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=An+Agreement+By+Nagano+Games&amp;rft.date=1992-11-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fquery.nytimes.com%2Fgst%2Ffullpage.html%3Fres%3D9E0CE0DF1431F93AA15752C1A964958260&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323022731/http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.asp?SportCode=IH">"Ice hockey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/sports/programme/index_uk.asp?SportCode=IH">the original</a> on 2009-03-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ice+hockey&amp;rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fuk%2Fsports%2Fprogramme%2Findex_uk.asp%3FSportCode%3DIH&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Press1992" class="citation news cs1">Canadian Press (1992-07-27). "Canadians cheer new Olympic sports". <i><a href="/wiki/Waterloo_Region_Record" title="Waterloo Region Record">Waterloo Region Record</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Waterloo+Region+Record&amp;rft.atitle=Canadians+cheer+new+Olympic+sports&amp;rft.date=1992-07-27&amp;rft.au=Canadian+Press&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WHistory-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WHistory_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090903120552/http://www.fieldday.com/cbc/olympics/sports/hockey/womens-history/index.html">"Women's Hockey History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC Sports</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fieldday.com/cbc/olympics/sports/hockey/womens-history/index.html">the original</a> on 2009-09-03<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Women%27s+Hockey+History&amp;rft.pub=CBC+Sports&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fieldday.com%2Fcbc%2Folympics%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Fwomens-history%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Podmon">Podnieks &amp; Szemberg</a> 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-33.html">Story #33–Women’s hockey enters Olympics&#160;– USA hands Canada first loss</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080524040902/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-33.html">Archived</a> 2008-05-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/canada-should-tone-it-down-ruggiero-1.627024">"Canada should tone it down: Ruggiero"</a>. CBC Sports. 2006-02-13. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331021543/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/canada-should-tone-it-down-ruggiero-1.627024">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Canada+should+tone+it+down%3A+Ruggiero&amp;rft.pub=CBC+Sports&amp;rft.date=2006-02-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2F2.722%2Fcanada-should-tone-it-down-ruggiero-1.627024&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/cherry-warns-women-s-hockey-squad-1.600707">"Cherry warns women's hockey squad"</a>. CBC Sports. 2006-02-16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201021171324/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/cherry-warns-women-s-hockey-squad-1.600707">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cherry+warns+women%27s+hockey+squad&amp;rft.pub=CBC+Sports&amp;rft.date=2006-02-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2F2.722%2Fcherry-warns-women-s-hockey-squad-1.600707&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEligon,_John2006" class="citation web cs1">Eligon, John (2006-02-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/17/sports/olympics/17puck.html?fta=y">"Trying to Avoid the Ill Fate of Softball"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160111061201/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/17/sports/olympics/17puck.html?fta=y">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-01-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Trying+to+Avoid+the+Ill+Fate+of+Softball&amp;rft.date=2006-02-17&amp;rft.au=Eligon%2C+John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F02%2F17%2Fsports%2Folympics%2F17puck.html%3Ffta%3Dy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/best-women-s-team-ever-1.625130">"Best women's team ever?"</a>. CBC Sports. 2006-02-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916200956/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/best-women-s-team-ever-1.625130">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-09-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Best+women%27s+team+ever%3F&amp;rft.pub=CBC+Sports&amp;rft.date=2006-02-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2F2.722%2Fbest-women-s-team-ever-1.625130&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Podmon">Podnieks &amp; Szemberg</a> 2008, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-35.html">Story #35–Swedish "Mirakel" as USA bumped from Olympic gold-medal game</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080829025052/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-35.html">Archived</a> 2008-08-29 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VSun2010-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VSun2010_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VSun2010_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100301164357/http://www.vancouversun.com/sports/Olympic+women+gold+medal+hockey+Canada+final/2613472/story.html">"Canada brings home Olympic gold in women's hockey"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Sun" title="Vancouver Sun">Vancouver Sun</a></i>. 2010-02-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vancouversun.com/sports/Olympic+women+gold+medal+hockey+Canada+final/2613472/story.html">the original</a> on 2010-03-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Vancouver+Sun&amp;rft.atitle=Canada+brings+home+Olympic+gold+in+women%27s+hockey&amp;rft.date=2010-02-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouversun.com%2Fsports%2FOlympic%2Bwomen%2Bgold%2Bmedal%2Bhockey%2BCanada%2Bfinal%2F2613472%2Fstory.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKorn,_Allison2010" class="citation news cs1">Korn, Allison (2010-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torontosun.com/sports/vancouver2010/hockey/2010/02/25/13026741.html">"Women's hockey no joke"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Sun" title="Toronto Sun">Toronto Sun</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021064632/http://www.torontosun.com/sports/vancouver2010/hockey/2010/02/25/13026741.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-10-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Toronto+Sun&amp;rft.atitle=Women%27s+hockey+no+joke&amp;rft.date=2010-02-25&amp;rft.au=Korn%2C+Allison&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.torontosun.com%2Fsports%2Fvancouver2010%2Fhockey%2F2010%2F02%2F25%2F13026741.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/mercy-rule-possible-for-women-s-hockey-iihf-1.920972">"Mercy rule possible for women's hockey: IIHF"</a>. CBC Sports. 2010-02-18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110811215127/http://www.cbc.ca/olympics/hockey/story/2010/02/18/spo-fasel-womenshockey.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mercy+rule+possible+for+women%27s+hockey%3A+IIHF&amp;rft.pub=CBC+Sports&amp;rft.date=2010-02-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2F2.722%2Fmercy-rule-possible-for-women-s-hockey-iihf-1.920972&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stats.iihf.com/Hydra/389/IHW400900_76C_12_0.pdf">"Women's ice hockey preliminary round Tournament Progress"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a></i>. 13 February 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191204065614/http://reports.iihf.hockey/Hydra/389/IHW400900_76C_12_0.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 December 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IIHF&amp;rft.atitle=Women%27s+ice+hockey+preliminary+round+Tournament+Progress&amp;rft.date=2014-02-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstats.iihf.com%2FHydra%2F389%2FIHW400900_76C_12_0.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/1161632/canada-vs-usa-womens-olympic-hockey-gold-medal-game/">"Canada wins gold in women's hockey, beating USA in overtime"</a>. <i>Global News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180104235148/https://globalnews.ca/news/1161632/canada-vs-usa-womens-olympic-hockey-gold-medal-game/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Global+News&amp;rft.atitle=Canada+wins+gold+in+women%27s+hockey%2C+beating+USA+in+overtime&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F1161632%2Fcanada-vs-usa-womens-olympic-hockey-gold-medal-game%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/olympics/women.html">"Olympic Ice Hockey Tournaments, Women"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110526162230/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/olympics/women.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-05-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IIHF&amp;rft.atitle=Olympic+Ice+Hockey+Tournaments%2C+Women&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fhistory%2Fall-medallists%2Folympics%2Fwomen.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportshall.ca/hall-of-famers/hall-of-famers-search.html?proID=488&amp;lang=EN">"Canada's Sports Hall of Fame | Honoured Members Search"</a>. <i>www.sportshall.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220129034644/http://www.sportshall.ca/hall-of-famers/hall-of-famers-search.html?proID=488&amp;lang=EN">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.sportshall.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Canada%27s+Sports+Hall+of+Fame+%7C+Honoured+Members+Search&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportshall.ca%2Fhall-of-famers%2Fhall-of-famers-search.html%3FproID%3D488%26lang%3DEN&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/4933169/iihf-hayley-wickenheiser-hall-of-fame/">"IIHF to induct Canada's Hayley Wickenheiser into Hall of Fame | Globalnews.ca"</a>. <i>globalnews.ca</i>. 2019-02-06. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190321205048/https://globalnews.ca/news/4933169/iihf-hayley-wickenheiser-hall-of-fame/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=globalnews.ca&amp;rft.atitle=IIHF+to+induct+Canada%27s+Hayley+Wickenheiser+into+Hall+of+Fame+%7C+Globalnews.ca&amp;rft.date=2019-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F4933169%2Fiihf-hayley-wickenheiser-hall-of-fame%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYi-Wyn_Yen2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Yi-Wyn Yen (2008-02-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121024152139/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/olympics/2006/writers/02/20/wickenheiser/index.html">"Canada's leading star"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Sports_Illustrated" title="Sports Illustrated">Sports Illustrated</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/olympics/2006/writers/02/20/wickenheiser/index.html">the original</a> on 2012-10-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&amp;rft.atitle=Canada%27s+leading+star&amp;rft.date=2008-02-20&amp;rft.au=Yi-Wyn+Yen&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2F2006%2Folympics%2F2006%2Fwriters%2F02%2F20%2Fwickenheiser%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClinton" class="citation news cs1">Clinton, Jared. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehockeynews.com/news/article/hayley-wickenheiser-is-hall-of-fame-bound-after-retirement-from-canadian-women-s-team">"Hayley Wickenheiser is Hall of Fame bound after retirement from Canadian women's team | The Hockey News"</a>. <i>The Hockey News</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223232346/http://www.thehockeynews.com/news/article/hayley-wickenheiser-is-hall-of-fame-bound-after-retirement-from-canadian-women-s-team">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Hockey+News&amp;rft.atitle=Hayley+Wickenheiser+is+Hall+of+Fame+bound+after+retirement+from+Canadian+women%27s+team+%7C+The+Hockey+News&amp;rft.aulast=Clinton&amp;rft.aufirst=Jared&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehockeynews.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fhayley-wickenheiser-is-hall-of-fame-bound-after-retirement-from-canadian-women-s-team&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/iihf-hall-of-fame.html">"Hall of Fame"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110829053409/http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/iihf-hall-of-fame.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-08-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IIHF&amp;rft.atitle=Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2Fiihf-home%2Fhistory%2Fthe-iihf%2Fiihf-hall-of-fame.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011142426/https://www.olympic.ca/EN/hof/inductees_ag.shtml">"Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame &gt; Inductees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Olympic_Committee" title="Canadian Olympic Committee">Canadian Olympic Committee</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.ca/EN/hof/inductees_ag.shtml">the original</a> on 2007-10-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Canadian+Olympic+Hall+of+Fame+%3E+Inductees&amp;rft.pub=Canadian+Olympic+Committee&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.ca%2FEN%2Fhof%2Finductees_ag.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100116193123/http://www.cshof.ca/hm_show_all_sport.php">"Honoured Members"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_Sports_Hall_of_Fame" title="Canada&#39;s Sports Hall of Fame">Canada's Sports Hall of Fame</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cshof.ca/hm_show_all_sport.php">the original</a> on 2010-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Honoured+Members&amp;rft.pub=Canada%27s+Sports+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cshof.ca%2Fhm_show_all_sport.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_24-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stats.hockeycanada.ca/stats/team_instance/659453?subseason=143144&amp;tab=team_instance_player_stats&amp;tool=957062">"Canada – 2014 Tournament – Statistics"</a>. <i>stats.hockeycanada.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180224052709/http://stats.hockeycanada.ca/stats/team_instance/659453?subseason=143144&amp;tab=team_instance_player_stats&amp;tool=957062">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=stats.hockeycanada.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Canada+%E2%80%93+2014+Tournament+%E2%80%93+Statistics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstats.hockeycanada.ca%2Fstats%2Fteam_instance%2F659453%3Fsubseason%3D143144%26tab%3Dteam_instance_player_stats%26tool%3D957062&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/team-canada/women/olympics/2022/stats/team-rosters?teamid=362">"2022 Olympic Winter Games, Team Canada Roster (Women)"</a>. <i>Hockey Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hockey+Canada&amp;rft.atitle=2022+Olympic+Winter+Games%2C+Team+Canada+Roster+%28Women%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2Fteam-canada%2Fwomen%2Folympics%2F2022%2Fstats%2Fteam-rosters%3Fteamid%3D362&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/team-canada/women/olympics/2002/rosters/can">"Canada Roster – 2002 Olympic Winter Games (Women)"</a>. <i>Hockey Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hockey+Canada&amp;rft.atitle=Canada+Roster+%E2%80%93+2002+Olympic+Winter+Games+%28Women%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2Fteam-canada%2Fwomen%2Folympics%2F2002%2Frosters%2Fcan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_27-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/team-canada/women/olympics/2018/stats/team-rosters?teamid=362">"Women's Ice Hockey Rosters"</a>. <i>www.hockeycanada.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223171539/https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/team-canada/women/olympics/2018/stats/team-rosters?teamid=362">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.hockeycanada.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Women%27s+Ice+Hockey+Rosters&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2Fteam-canada%2Fwomen%2Folympics%2F2018%2Fstats%2Fteam-rosters%3Fteamid%3D362&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wom06-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wom06_28-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/19515/la_id/1.htm">"2006 Winter Olympics (Women)–Statistics/Canada"</a>. Hockey Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608165330/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/19515/la_id/1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2006+Winter+Olympics+%28Women%29%E2%80%93Statistics%2FCanada&amp;rft.pub=Hockey+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Findex.php%2Fci_id%2F19515%2Fla_id%2F1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OR2010-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2010_29-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5o2scON3S?url=http://results.iihf.com/og2010/IHW400001_83__5_0.pdf">"Player Statistics by Team – Canada"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a></i>. 2010-02-25. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://results.iihf.com/og2010/IHW400001_83__5_0.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2010-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IIHF&amp;rft.atitle=Player+Statistics+by+Team+%E2%80%93+Canada&amp;rft.date=2010-02-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fresults.iihf.com%2Fog2010%2FIHW400001_83&#95;_5_0.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goal98-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Goal98_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Goal98_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/5722/la_id/1.htm">"Schedule/results–1998 Winter Olympic Games (women)"</a>. Hockey Canada. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608165412/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/5722/la_id/1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-06-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Schedule%2Fresults%E2%80%931998+Winter+Olympic+Games+%28women%29&amp;rft.pub=Hockey+Canada&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Findex.php%2Fci_id%2F5722%2Fla_id%2F1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OR2002-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OR2002_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OR2002_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2002/SLC2002Results2.pdf"><i>2002 Salt Lake City results</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Salt Lake City: Salt Lake Olympic Committee. 2002. p.&#160;191. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120612013048/http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/2002/SLC2002Results2.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2012-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=2002+Salt+Lake+City+results&amp;rft.place=Salt+Lake+City&amp;rft.pages=191&amp;rft.pub=Salt+Lake+Olympic+Committee&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.la84foundation.org%2F6oic%2FOfficialReports%2F2002%2FSLC2002Results2.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockeycanada.ca/en-ca/team-canada/women/olympics/2006/rosters/can">"Canada Roster – 2006 Olympic Winter Games (Women)"</a>. <i>Hockey Canada</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 18,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hockey+Canada&amp;rft.atitle=Canada+Roster+%E2%80%93+2006+Olympic+Winter+Games+%28Women%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Fen-ca%2Fteam-canada%2Fwomen%2Folympics%2F2006%2Frosters%2Fcan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CampCap-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CampCap_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CampCap_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/18783/la_id/1.htm">"Cassie Campbell named captain of Canada's 2006 women's Olympic hockey team"</a>. Hockey Canada. 2006-01-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717024713/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/18783/la_id/1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-07-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cassie+Campbell+named+captain+of+Canada%27s+2006+women%27s+Olympic+hockey+team&amp;rft.pub=Hockey+Canada&amp;rft.date=2006-01-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.ca%2Findex.php%2Fci_id%2F18783%2Fla_id%2F1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/captain-clutch-marie-philip-poulin-ready-lead-canada-gold/">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Captain Clutch' Marie-Philip Poulin ready to lead Canada to gold again – Sportsnet.ca"</a>. <i>Sportsnet.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223232312/http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/captain-clutch-marie-philip-poulin-ready-lead-canada-gold/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sportsnet.ca&amp;rft.atitle=%27Captain+Clutch%27+Marie-Philip+Poulin+ready+to+lead+Canada+to+gold+again+%E2%80%93+Sportsnet.ca&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsnet.ca%2Folympics%2Fcaptain-clutch-marie-philip-poulin-ready-lead-canada-gold%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wicken-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wicken_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCanadian_Press2008" class="citation web cs1">Canadian Press (2008-07-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/hockey/wickenheiser-signs-with-swedish-men-s-club-1.768070">"Wickenheiser signs with Swedish men's club"</a>. CBC Sports<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wickenheiser+signs+with+Swedish+men%27s+club&amp;rft.pub=CBC+Sports&amp;rft.date=2008-07-22&amp;rft.au=Canadian+Press&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Fwickenheiser-signs-with-swedish-men-s-club-1.768070&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SI2002-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SI2002_36-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120219071633/http://images.si.com/olympics/2002/stats/BC-OLY-STAT-W-WOMCAN-R/">"Final Canada Olympic women's hockey team statistical leaders"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://images.si.com/olympics/2002/stats/BC-OLY-STAT-W-WOMCAN-R/">the original</a> on 2012-02-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&amp;rft.atitle=Final+Canada+Olympic+women%27s+hockey+team+statistical+leaders&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fimages.si.com%2Folympics%2F2002%2Fstats%2FBC-OLY-STAT-W-WOMCAN-R%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HC1998-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-HC1998_37-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation pressrelease cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.com/index.php/ci_id/6320/la_id/1.htm">"All-time"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Press release). Hockey Canada. 2003. p.&#160;59. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111004023749/http://www.hockeycanada.com/index.php/ci_id/6320/la_id/1.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=All-time&amp;rft.pages=59&amp;rft.pub=Hockey+Canada&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockeycanada.com%2Findex.php%2Fci_id%2F6320%2Fla_id%2F1.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-flag-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-flag_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090314021122/http://www.tsn.ca/olympics/feature/?id=9771">"Canadian Olympic flag bearers"</a>. The Sports Network. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tsn.ca/olympics/feature/?id=9771">the original</a> on 2009-03-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Canadian+Olympic+flag+bearers&amp;rft.pub=The+Sports+Network&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tsn.ca%2Folympics%2Ffeature%2F%3Fid%3D9771&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/ouellette-replaces-wickenheiser-as-canadas-womens-hockey-olympic-captain/article16399032/">"Ouellette replaces Wickenheiser as Canada's women's hockey Olympic captain"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117230805/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/olympics/ouellette-replaces-wickenheiser-as-canadas-womens-hockey-olympic-captain/article16399032/">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Ouellette+replaces+Wickenheiser+as+Canada%27s+women%27s+hockey+Olympic+captain&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fsports%2Folympics%2Fouellette-replaces-wickenheiser-as-canadas-womens-hockey-olympic-captain%2Farticle16399032%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/marie-philip-poulin-named-captain-canadas-olympic-womens-hockey-team/">"Marie-Philip Poulin named captain of Canada's Olympic women's hockey team – Sportsnet.ca"</a>. <i>Sportsnet.ca</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180223232323/http://www.sportsnet.ca/olympics/marie-philip-poulin-named-captain-canadas-olympic-womens-hockey-team/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-02-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sportsnet.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Marie-Philip+Poulin+named+captain+of+Canada%27s+Olympic+women%27s+hockey+team+%E2%80%93+Sportsnet.ca&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sportsnet.ca%2Folympics%2Fmarie-philip-poulin-named-captain-canadas-olympic-womens-hockey-team%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNichols2022" class="citation web cs1">Nichols, Paula (2022-12-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://olympic.ca/2022/12/07/marie-philip-poulin-named-canadas-athlete-of-the-year/">"Marie-Philip Poulin named Canada's Athlete of the Year"</a>. <i>Team Canada – Official Olympic Team Website</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Team+Canada+%E2%80%93+Official+Olympic+Team+Website&amp;rft.atitle=Marie-Philip+Poulin+named+Canada%27s+Athlete+of+the+Year&amp;rft.date=2022-12-07&amp;rft.aulast=Nichols&amp;rft.aufirst=Paula&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Folympic.ca%2F2022%2F12%2F07%2Fmarie-philip-poulin-named-canadas-athlete-of-the-year%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/wickenheiser-named-women-s-hockey-team-captain-1.807627">"Wickenheiser named women's hockey team captain"</a>. CBC Sports. 2009-12-23. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240331021541/https://www.cbc.ca/sports/2.722/wickenheiser-named-women-s-hockey-team-captain-1.807627">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-03-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Wickenheiser+named+women%27s+hockey+team+captain&amp;rft.pub=CBC+Sports&amp;rft.date=2009-12-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fsports%2F2.722%2Fwickenheiser-named-women-s-hockey-team-captain-1.807627&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoward,_Johnette1998" class="citation magazine cs1">Howard, Johnette (1998-02-25). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140511074611/http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/features/1998/weekly/980302/goldengirls.html">"Golden Girls"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/features/1998/weekly/980302/goldengirls.html">the original</a> on 2014-05-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&amp;rft.atitle=Golden+Girls&amp;rft.date=1998-02-25&amp;rft.au=Howard%2C+Johnette&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2Ffeatures%2F1998%2Fweekly%2F980302%2Fgoldengirls.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Podmon" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Podnieks" title="Andrew Podnieks">Podnieks, Andrew</a>; Szemberg, Szymon (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iihf.com/100-years/100-years-of-ice-hockey/home/100-top-stories.html"><i>Top 100 Hockey Stories of All-Time</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Ice_Hockey_Federation" title="International Ice Hockey Federation">IIHF</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55168-358-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55168-358-4"><bdi>978-1-55168-358-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090321095926/http://www.iihf.com/100-years/100-years-of-ice-hockey/home/100-top-stories.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2009-03-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Top+100+Hockey+Stories+of+All-Time&amp;rft.pub=IIHF&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55168-358-4&amp;rft.au=Podnieks%2C+Andrew&amp;rft.au=Szemberg%2C+Szymon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iihf.com%2F100-years%2F100-years-of-ice-hockey%2Fhome%2F100-top-stories.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWallechinsky2002" class="citation book cs1">Wallechinsky, David (2002). <i>The Complete Book of the Winter Olympics</i> (2002&#160;ed.). New York: <a href="/wiki/The_Overlook_Press" title="The Overlook Press">The Overlook Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-58567-185-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-58567-185-1"><bdi>1-58567-185-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Complete+Book+of+the+Winter+Olympics&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.edition=2002&amp;rft.pub=The+Overlook+Press&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.isbn=1-58567-185-1&amp;rft.aulast=Wallechinsky&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/results/search_r_uk.asp">"Results database"</a>. International Olympic Committee. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509055329/http://www.olympic.org/uk/athletes/results/search_r_uk.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2008-05-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Results+database&amp;rft.pub=International+Olympic+Committee&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.olympic.org%2Fuk%2Fathletes%2Fresults%2Fsearch_r_uk.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Olympic+women%27s+ice+hockey+players+for+Canada" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Olympic_women%27s_ice_hockey_players_for_Canada&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.ca/">Hockey Canada</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100223103654/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/">Archived</a> 2010-02-23 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Official website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/22220/la_id/1.htm">2010 Olympic Team</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110608170123/http://www.hockeycanada.ca/index.php/ci_id/22220/la_id/1.htm">Archived</a> 2011-06-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Hockey Canada</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090501145239/http://www.la84foundation.org/5va/review_frmst.htm">Olympic Review and Revue Olympique</a> – LA84 Foundation</li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐dsvvp Cached time: 20250101194010 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.789 seconds Real time usage: 1.007 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5194/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 134094/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 705/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 187105/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.314/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5994103/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 640.137 1 -total 46.22% 295.900 1 Template:Reflist 29.62% 189.584 30 Template:Cite_web 11.39% 72.932 1 Template:Short_description 7.75% 49.579 4 Template:Main_other 7.09% 45.401 62 Template:Sortname 7.05% 45.145 2 Template:Pagetype 5.69% 36.406 1 Template:Featured_list 5.37% 34.357 1 Template:Top_icon 4.64% 29.723 7 Template:Cite_news --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22253948:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250101194010 and revision id 1259490276. 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Robert Dietrich
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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="روبرت ديتريش – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="روبرت ديتريش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich" title="Robert Dietrich – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Robert Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich_(Eishockeyspieler)" title="Robert Dietrich (Eishockeyspieler) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Robert Dietrich (Eishockeyspieler)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich" title="Robert Dietrich – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Robert Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich" title="Robert Dietrich – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Robert Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Роберт Дитрих – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Роберт Дитрих" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B4" title="روبرت ديتريش – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="روبرت ديتريش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich" title="Robert Dietrich – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Robert Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich" title="Robert Dietrich – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Robert Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85,_%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%87" title="Дитрих, Роберт Генрихович – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Дитрих, Роберт Генрихович" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich" title="Robert Dietrich – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Robert Dietrich" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Dietrich_(ishockeyspelare)" title="Robert Dietrich (ishockeyspelare) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Robert Dietrich (ishockeyspelare)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82_%D0%94%D1%96%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D1%85" title="Роберт Дітріх – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Роберт Дітріх" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q707253#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the German art director, see <a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Dietrich" title="Robert A. Dietrich">Robert A. Dietrich</a>. For the intelligence officer who used "Robert Dietrich" as a pseudonym, see <a href="/wiki/E._Howard_Hunt" title="E. Howard Hunt">E. Howard Hunt</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ice hockey player</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-table vcard" style="line-height: 1.4em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-above fn" style="font-size: 125%;">Robert Dietrich</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Dietrich_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/da/Robert_Dietrich_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="395" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="198" data-file-height="340" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Born</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1986-07-25</span>)</span>25 July 1986<br /><a href="/wiki/Kostanay_Province" class="mw-redirect" title="Kostanay Province">Ordzhonikidze</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic">Kazakh SSR</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Died</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"> 7 September 2011<span style="display:none">(2011-09-07)</span> (aged&#160;25)<br /><a href="/wiki/Yaroslavl" title="Yaroslavl">Yaroslavl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Height</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> 5&#160;ft 10&#160;in (178&#160;cm)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Weight</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"> 172&#160;lb (78&#160;kg; 12&#160;st 4&#160;lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Position</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">Defence</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/Shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot (ice hockey)">Shot</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> Left</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">Played for</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <a href="/wiki/DEG_Metro_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="DEG Metro Stars">DEG Metro Stars</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Straubing_Tigers" title="Straubing Tigers">Straubing Tigers</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Admirals" title="Milwaukee Admirals">Milwaukee Admirals</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;">National team</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_ice_hockey_team" title="Germany men&#39;s national ice hockey team">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"><a href="/wiki/NHL_entry_draft" title="NHL entry draft">NHL draft</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;;border-top:#ccddee 1px solid;"> 174th overall, <a href="/wiki/2007_NHL_entry_draft" title="2007 NHL entry draft">2007</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Playing career</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap;"> 2003&#8211;2011</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Robert Dietrich</b> (25 July 1986 – 7 September 2011) was a professional <a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">ice hockey</a> <a href="/wiki/Defenceman" title="Defenceman">defenceman</a>. He was killed in the <a href="/wiki/2011_Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash">2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash</a>, in which all players and coaches on board the plane from the club perished. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_career">Playing career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Playing career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Dietrich was drafted 174th overall in the sixth round of the <a href="/wiki/2007_NHL_Entry_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 NHL Entry Draft">2007 NHL Entry Draft</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a>. He played with the <a href="/wiki/DEG_Metro_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="DEG Metro Stars">DEG Metro Stars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a> from 2005 to the 2008. On 16 July 2007, Dietrich was signed to a three-year entry-level contract with the Predators.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was reassigned on loan to the Metro Stars for his first year of the contract, before he spent the final two seasons in North America with the Predators <a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">American Hockey League</a> affiliate, the <a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Admirals" title="Milwaukee Admirals">Milwaukee Admirals</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Dietrich_on_2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Robert_Dietrich_on_2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships.jpg/220px-Robert_Dietrich_on_2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Robert_Dietrich_on_2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships.jpg/330px-Robert_Dietrich_on_2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Robert_Dietrich_on_2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships.jpg/440px-Robert_Dietrich_on_2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Robert Dietrich in 2010 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships</figcaption></figure> <p>In his second year with the Admirals in <a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_AHL_season" title="2009–10 AHL season">2009–10</a>, Dietrich led the team with 43 points for defenseman, but was unable to appear in the NHL with Nashville. On 8 June 2010, Dietrich returned to Germany and signed a two-year contract with Adler Mannheim.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2011_Lokomotiv_Yaroslavl_plane_crash" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash">2011 Lokomotiv Yaroslavl plane crash</a></div> <p>On 7 September 2011, Dietrich was killed when a Yakovlev Yak-42 passenger aircraft, carrying nearly the entire Lokomotiv team, crashed just outside Yaroslavl, Russia. The team was traveling to <a href="/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk">Minsk</a>, Belarus to play their opening game of the season, with its coaching staff and prospects. Lokomotiv officials said "everyone from the main roster was on the plane plus four players from the youth team."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career_statistics">Career statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Career statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_season_and_playoffs">Regular season and playoffs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Regular season and playoffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align:center; width:60em"> <tbody><tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="3" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </th> <th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Regular_season" class="mw-redirect" title="Regular season">Regular season</a> </th> <th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </th> <th colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Playoffs" title="Playoffs">Playoffs</a> </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th><a href="/wiki/Season_(sports)" title="Season (sports)">Season</a> </th> <th>Team </th> <th>League </th> <th>GP </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">G</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Assist_(ice_hockey)" title="Assist (ice hockey)">A</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Point_(ice_hockey)" title="Point (ice hockey)">Pts</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">PIM</a> </th> <th>GP </th> <th>G </th> <th>A </th> <th>Pts </th> <th>PIM </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>2003–04 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/EC_Peiting" title="EC Peiting">EC Peiting</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oberliga_(ice_hockey)" title="Oberliga (ice hockey)">3.GBun</a> </td> <td>31 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>40 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>43 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td>2004–05 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/ETC_Crimmitschau" class="mw-redirect" title="ETC Crimmitschau">ETC Crimmitschau</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2nd_Bundesliga_(ice_hockey)" title="2nd Bundesliga (ice hockey)">2.GBun</a> </td> <td>45 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>34 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2005-06_Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2005-06 Deutsche Eishockey Liga season">2005–06</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/DEG_Metro_Stars" class="mw-redirect" title="DEG Metro Stars">DEG Metro Stars</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga" title="Deutsche Eishockey Liga">DEL</a> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td>2005–06 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Straubing_Tigers" title="Straubing Tigers">Straubing Tigers</a> </td> <td>2.GBun </td> <td>46 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>55 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2006–07 Deutsche Eishockey Liga season">2006–07</a> </td> <td>DEG Metro Stars </td> <td>DEL </td> <td>52 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2007-08_Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2007-08 Deutsche Eishockey Liga season">2007–08</a> </td> <td>DEG Metro Stars </td> <td>DEL </td> <td>9 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_AHL_season" title="2008–09 AHL season">2008–09</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milwaukee_Admirals" title="Milwaukee Admirals">Milwaukee Admirals</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">AHL</a> </td> <td>63 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>32 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_AHL_season" title="2009–10 AHL season">2009–10</a> </td> <td>Milwaukee Admirals </td> <td>AHL </td> <td>79 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>37 </td> <td>43 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Deutsche_Eishockey_Liga_season" class="mw-redirect" title="2010–11 Deutsche Eishockey Liga season">2010–11</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a> </td> <td>DEL </td> <td>42 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>69 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>8 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="3">DEL totals </th> <th>107 </th> <th>7 </th> <th>35 </th> <th>42 </th> <th>111 </th> <th>28 </th> <th>3 </th> <th>8 </th> <th>11 </th> <th>34 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International">International</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: International"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" id="Table3" style="text-align:center; width:40em"> <tbody><tr align="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th>Year </th> <th>Team </th> <th>Event </th> <th rowspan="99" bgcolor="#ffffff"> </th> <th>GP </th> <th>G </th> <th>A </th> <th>Pts </th> <th>PIM </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2004_IIHF_World_U18_Championships" title="2004 IIHF World U18 Championships">2004</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Germany_men%27s_national_junior_ice_hockey_team" title="Germany men&#39;s national junior ice hockey team">Germany</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_U18_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World U18 Championships">WJC18-D1</a> </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2005_World_Junior_Ice_Hockey_Championships" title="2005 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships">2005</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/World_Junior_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="World Junior Ice Hockey Championships">WJC</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>6 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2006_World_Junior_Ice_Hockey_Championships" title="2006 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships">2006</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WJC-D1 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2007_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="2007 Men&#39;s World Ice Hockey Championships">2007</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td><a href="/wiki/IIHF_World_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="IIHF World Championships">WC</a> </td> <td>6 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 Men&#39;s World Ice Hockey Championships">2010</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>9 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#f0f0f0"> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_Men%27s_World_Ice_Hockey_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Men&#39;s World Ice Hockey Championships">2011</a> </td> <td>Germany </td> <td>WC </td> <td>7 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="3">Junior totals </th> <th>16 </th> <th>0 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>5 </th> <th>14 </th></tr> <tr bgcolor="#e0e0e0"> <th colspan="3">Senior totals </th> <th>22 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>2 </th> <th>4 </th> <th>4 </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ice_hockey_players_who_died_during_their_playing_career" class="mw-redirect" title="List of ice hockey players who died during their playing career">List of ice hockey players who died during their playing career</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://predators.nhl.com/club/news.htm?id=439231">"Predators sign five to contracts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nashville_Predators" title="Nashville Predators">Nashville Predators</a></i>. 16 July 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nashville+Predators&amp;rft.atitle=Predators+sign+five+to+contracts&amp;rft.date=2007-07-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpredators.nhl.com%2Fclub%2Fnews.htm%3Fid%3D439231&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120318050937/http://www.adler-mannheim.de/topstories.php?dnr=2439#j57">"Eagles take Robert Dietrich under contract"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Adler_Mannheim" title="Adler Mannheim">Adler Mannheim</a></i> (in German). 8 June 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adler-mannheim.de/topstories.php?dnr=2439#j57">the original</a> on 18 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Adler+Mannheim&amp;rft.atitle=Eagles+take+Robert+Dietrich+under+contract&amp;rft.date=2010-06-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.adler-mannheim.de%2Ftopstories.php%3Fdnr%3D2439%23j57&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifenews.ru/news/68920">"First pictures from the crash of Yak-42 near Yaroslavl"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/LifeNews" class="mw-redirect" title="LifeNews">Lifenews.ru</a>. 7 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=First+pictures+from+the+crash+of+Yak-42+near+Yaroslavl&amp;rft.pub=Lifenews.ru&amp;rft.date=2011-09-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifenews.ru%2Fnews%2F68920&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifenews.ru/news/68927">"The list of Lokomotiv players who died"</a> (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/LifeNews" class="mw-redirect" title="LifeNews">Lifenews.ru</a>. 7 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+list+of+Lokomotiv+players+who+died&amp;rft.pub=Lifenews.ru&amp;rft.date=2011-09-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifenews.ru%2Fnews%2F68927&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/sports/hockey/former-nhl-star-pavol-demitra-among-43-killed-in-russian-plane-crash/article2156297/">"Pavol Demitra among 43 killed in Russian plane crash"</a>. theglobeandmail.com. 7 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 September</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pavol+Demitra+among+43+killed+in+Russian+plane+crash&amp;rft.pub=theglobeandmail.com&amp;rft.date=2011-09-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theglobeandmail.com%2Fsports%2Fhockey%2Fformer-nhl-star-pavol-demitra-among-43-killed-in-russian-plane-crash%2Farticle2156297%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARobert+Dietrich" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_Dietrich&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Biographical information and career statistics from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/player/8474178">NHL.com</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eliteprospects.com/player.php?player=13633&amp;lang=en">Eliteprospects.com</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurohockey.com/player/57819-.html">Eurohockey.com</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hockeydb.com/ihdb/stats/pdisplay.php?pid=73944">The Internet Hockey Database</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icehockeylayout.svg/50px-Icehockeylayout.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icehockeylayout.svg/75px-Icehockeylayout.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Icehockeylayout.svg/100px-Icehockeylayout.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="348" /></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This German biographical article relating to ice hockey is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Shire Hall, Newport
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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shire_Hall,_Newport&amp;params=51.590488_N_3.000586_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°35′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°00′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.590488°N 3.000586°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">51.590488; -3.000586</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">County building in Newport, Wales</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="font-size:125%; text-align:center">Shire Hall</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Newport_Shire_Hall.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Newport_Shire_Hall.jpeg/250px-Newport_Shire_Hall.jpeg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Newport_Shire_Hall.jpeg/375px-Newport_Shire_Hall.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Newport_Shire_Hall.jpeg/500px-Newport_Shire_Hall.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Shire Hall, Newport</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Shire_Hall,_Newport&amp;params=51.590488_N_3.000586_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°35′26″N</span> <span class="longitude">3°00′02″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.590488°N 3.000586°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">51.590488; -3.000586</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Built</th><td class="infobox-data">1902</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:bold">Architect</th><td class="infobox-data">William Tanner</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><div style="border:4px solid #ACE1AF; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">Listed Building</a> – Grade II</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Designated</th><td class="infobox-data">9 October 1998</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference&#160;no.</th><td class="infobox-data">20528</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:235px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:235px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:235px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Newport_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Shire Hall, Newport is located in Newport"><img alt="Shire Hall, Newport is located in Newport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Newport_UK_location_map.svg/235px-Newport_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="235" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Newport_UK_location_map.svg/353px-Newport_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Newport_UK_location_map.svg/470px-Newport_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1233" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.756%;left:40.382%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Shire Hall, Newport"><img alt="Shire Hall, Newport" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location of Shire Hall in Newport</div></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Shire Hall</b> (<a href="/wiki/Welsh_language" title="Welsh language">Welsh</a>: <i lang="cy">Neuadd y Sir, Casnewydd</i>) is a municipal building in <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a>, south <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. It is a Grade II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-listed_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shire_Hall,_Newport&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the implementation of the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>, which established county councils in every county, it became necessary to establish a permanent meeting place for the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Monmouthshire_(historic)" title="Monmouthshire (historic)">Monmouthshire County Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-listed_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The site selected by county leaders was open land to the west of Queen's Hill in Newport.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building, which was designed by the county architect, William Tanner, opened as the "County Council Offices" in 1902.<sup id="cite_ref-listed_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The design for the original two-storey structure involved a symmetrical main frontage with five bays facing onto Pentonville with the end bays slightly projected forward; the central section, which also slightly projected forward, featured a porch with a curved <a href="/wiki/Pediment" title="Pediment">pediment</a>; there was triple window on the first floor and gable above with a roundel containing the words: "Monmouthshire County Council 1889".<sup id="cite_ref-listed_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>, has described it as an "impressively-designed <a href="/wiki/Edwardian_era" title="Edwardian era">Edwardian</a> civic building".<sup id="cite_ref-listed_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>An extra bay to the right, an extra three bays to the left and an extra storey on top of the building were all added in 1913.<sup id="cite_ref-listed_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Queen's Chambers to the right were also remodelled and given an extra floor at that time and an octagonal shaped council chamber was subsequently built to the rear of the main building.<sup id="cite_ref-listed_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-listed-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The county council continued to meet at the Shire Hall until the county council was abolished in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The building continued to be used by the local council as workspace until 1978<sup id="cite_ref-swa_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and then remained empty until 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-swa_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In May 2011 SK Design submitted plans to convert the building into 20 flats;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> this proposal was subsequently modified to 19 flats but the proposal did not come to fruition.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In May 2013, the hall was sold to <a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Secret_Millionaire_episodes" title="List of The Secret Millionaire episodes">Secret Millionaire</a> Jahan Abedi<sup id="cite_ref-argus_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-argus-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> who submitted plans to convert the building into 11 one-bedroom apartments and seven two-bedroom flats with a reception area and a bicycle storage area.<sup id="cite_ref-argus_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-argus-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Abedi was later quite critical of the bureaucratic challenges he had needed to overcome to obtain a planning consent.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nevertheless, he secured funding from <a href="/wiki/Development_Bank_of_Wales" title="Development Bank of Wales">Finance Wales</a> and completed the development in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-swa_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swa-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shire_Hall,_Newport&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-listed-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-listed_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-listed_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-listed_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-listed_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-listed_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-listed_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-listed_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCadw20528" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cadw" title="Cadw">Cadw</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net/reports/listedbuilding/FullReport?lang=en&amp;id=20528">"Shire Hall, Newport (20528)"</a>. <i>National Historic Assets of Wales</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Historic+Assets+of+Wales&amp;rft.atitle=Shire+Hall%2C+Newport+%2820528%29&amp;rft.au=Cadw&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcadwpublic-api.azurewebsites.net%2Freports%2Flistedbuilding%2FFullReport%3Flang%3Den%26id%3D20528&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.old-maps.co.uk/#/Map/330692/188486/12/100917">"Ordnance Survey Map"</a>. 1883<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ordnance+Survey+Map&amp;rft.date=1883&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.old-maps.co.uk%2F%23%2FMap%2F330692%2F188486%2F12%2F100917&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orapweb.rcahms.gov.uk/coflein/6/667736.PDF">"Archaeological Desk-based Assessment of land at Queen's Hill and Pentonville, Newport, Monmouthshire"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bristol and Region Archaeological Services. 1 March 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Archaeological+Desk-based+Assessment+of+land+at+Queen%27s+Hill+and+Pentonville%2C+Newport%2C+Monmouthshire&amp;rft.pub=Bristol+and+Region+Archaeological+Services&amp;rft.date=2008-03-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Forapweb.rcahms.gov.uk%2Fcoflein%2F6%2F667736.PDF&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRCAHMW413758" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coflein.gov.uk/en/site/413758/">"Shire Hall Including Queen's Chambers, Pentonville (413758)"</a>. <i>Coflein</i>. <a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_on_the_Ancient_and_Historical_Monuments_of_Wales" title="Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Wales">RCAHMW</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Coflein&amp;rft.atitle=Shire+Hall+Including+Queen%27s+Chambers%2C+Pentonville+%28413758%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoflein.gov.uk%2Fen%2Fsite%2F413758%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archiveshub.jisc.ac.uk/search/archives/0526ab4f-facf-3949-89b5-91a57edb8e05">"Monmouthshire County Council Records"</a>. Archives Hub<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Monmouthshire+County+Council+Records&amp;rft.pub=Archives+Hub&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchiveshub.jisc.ac.uk%2Fsearch%2Farchives%2F0526ab4f-facf-3949-89b5-91a57edb8e05&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swa-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-swa_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swa_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-swa_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/business/11311098.finance-wales-loan-helps-refurbishment-of-shire-hall-move-ahead/">"Finance Wales loan helps refurbishment of Shire Hall move ahead"</a>. South Wales Argus. 1 July 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Finance+Wales+loan+helps+refurbishment+of+Shire+Hall+move+ahead&amp;rft.pub=South+Wales+Argus&amp;rft.date=2014-07-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southwalesargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness%2F11311098.finance-wales-loan-helps-refurbishment-of-shire-hall-move-ahead%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/9004458.newports-shire-hall-could-be-converted-to-flats/">"Newport's Shire Hall could be converted to flats"</a>. South Wales Argus. 3 May 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Newport%27s+Shire+Hall+could+be+converted+to+flats&amp;rft.pub=South+Wales+Argus&amp;rft.date=2011-05-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southwalesargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2F9004458.newports-shire-hall-could-be-converted-to-flats%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newport.gov.uk/stellent/groups/public/documents/planningdocument/cont591120.pdf">Change of use of Shire Hall, Pentonville, Newport to 19 self contained flats</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150417130914/http://www.newport.gov.uk/stellent/groups/public/documents/planningdocument/cont591120.pdf">Archived</a> 2015-04-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-argus-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-argus_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-argus_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/10441060.Newport_s_Shire_Hall_set_to_become_apartments/">"Newport's Shire Hall set to become apartments"</a>. South Wales Argus. 24 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Newport%27s+Shire+Hall+set+to+become+apartments&amp;rft.pub=South+Wales+Argus&amp;rft.date=2013-05-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.southwalesargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2F10441060.Newport_s_Shire_Hall_set_to_become_apartments%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.insidermedia.com/news/wales/88244-apartments-plan-shire-hall">"Apartments plan for shire hall"</a>. <i>Insider Media</i>. 12 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Insider+Media&amp;rft.atitle=Apartments+plan+for+shire+hall&amp;rft.date=2013-04-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.insidermedia.com%2Fnews%2Fwales%2F88244-apartments-plan-shire-hall&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.southwalesargus.co.uk/news/14373424.tv-secret-millionaire-jahan-abedi-behind-revamp-of-kings-hotel-set-to-walk-away-from-newport-because-of-council-red-tape/">"TV 'Secret Millionaire', Jahan Abedi, behind revamp of King's Hotel set to walk away from Newport because of 'council red tape'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. South Wales Argus. 22 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=TV+%27Secret+Millionaire%27%2C+Jahan+Abedi%2C+behind+revamp+of+King%27s+Hotel+set+to+walk+away+from+Newport+because+of+%27council+red+tape%27&amp;rft.pub=South+Wales+Argus&amp;rft.date=2016-03-22&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.southwalesargus.co.uk%2Fnews%2F14373424.tv-secret-millionaire-jahan-abedi-behind-revamp-of-kings-hotel-set-to-walk-away-from-newport-because-of-council-red-tape%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.walesonline.co.uk/lifestyle/welsh-homes/you-can-buy-luxury-apartment-11351241">"You can buy a luxury apartment in this grand historic building"</a>. Wales Online. 19 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=You+can+buy+a+luxury+apartment+in+this+grand+historic+building&amp;rft.pub=Wales+Online&amp;rft.date=2016-05-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Flifestyle%2Fwelsh-homes%2Fyou-can-buy-luxury-apartment-11351241&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShire+Hall%2C+Newport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="City_of_Newport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#fcb639;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template_talk:City_of_Newport" title="Template talk:City of Newport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:City_of_Newport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:City of Newport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Newport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">City of <a href="/wiki/Newport,_Wales" title="Newport, Wales">Newport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fcb639;;width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_buried_in_Newport_landfill" title="Bitcoin buried in Newport landfill">Bitcoin buried in landfilll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Gwent" title="High Sheriff of Gwent">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li>Listed buildings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Newport" title="Grade I listed buildings in Newport">Grade I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Newport" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Newport">Grade II*</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Gwent" title="Lord Lieutenant of Gwent">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_city_centre" title="Newport city centre">Newport city centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_built-up_area" title="Newport built-up area">Newport built-up area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Newport" title="List of people from Newport">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Registered_historic_parks_and_gardens_in_Newport" title="Registered historic parks and gardens in Newport">Registered parks and gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Newport" title="List of schools in Newport">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_scheduled_monuments_in_Newport" title="List of scheduled monuments in Newport">Scheduled monuments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fcb639;;width:1%">Districts<br />of Newport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fab547;;width:1%">Communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allt-yr-yn" title="Allt-yr-yn">Allt-yr-yn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alway" title="Alway">Alway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beechwood,_Newport" title="Beechwood, Newport">Beechwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bettws,_Newport" title="Bettws, Newport">Bettws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishton" title="Bishton">Bishton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon" title="Caerleon">Caerleon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coedkernew" title="Coedkernew">Coedkernew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaer,_Newport" title="Gaer, Newport">Gaer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldcliff" title="Goldcliff">Goldcliff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graig,_Newport" title="Graig, Newport">Graig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langstone,_Newport" title="Langstone, Newport">Langstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanvaches" title="Llanvaches">Llanvaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanwern" title="Llanwern">Llanwern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lliswerry" title="Lliswerry">Lliswerry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malpas,_Newport" title="Malpas, Newport">Malpas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshfield,_Newport" title="Marshfield, Newport">Marshfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelston-y-Fedw" title="Michaelston-y-Fedw">Michaelston-y-Fedw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nash,_Newport" title="Nash, Newport">Nash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penhow" title="Penhow">Penhow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pillgwenlly" title="Pillgwenlly">Pillgwenlly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redwick,_Newport" title="Redwick, Newport">Redwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringland,_Newport" title="Ringland, Newport">Ringland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogerstone" title="Rogerstone">Rogerstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Julians,_Newport" title="St Julians, Newport">St Julians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaftesbury,_Newport" title="Shaftesbury, Newport">Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stow_Hill" title="Stow Hill">Stow Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tredegar_Park,_Newport" title="Tredegar Park, Newport">Tredegar Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria,_Newport" title="Victoria, Newport">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentlooge" title="Wentlooge">Wentlooge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fab547;;width:1%">Other districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baneswell" title="Baneswell">Baneswell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnardtown" title="Barnardtown">Barnardtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassaleg" title="Bassaleg">Bassaleg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bishpool" title="Bishpool">Bishpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brynglas" title="Brynglas">Brynglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulmore" title="Bulmore">Bulmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castleton,_Newport" title="Castleton, Newport">Castleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cat%27s_Ash" title="Cat&#39;s Ash">Cat's Ash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch,_Newport" title="Christchurch, Newport">Christchurch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crindau" title="Crindau">Crindau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffryn" title="Duffryn">Duffryn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glan_Llyn" title="Glan Llyn">Glan Llyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Cross,_Newport" title="High Cross, Newport">High Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanmartin" title="Llanmartin">Llanmartin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lower_Machen" title="Lower Machen">Lower Machen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maesglas" title="Maesglas">Maesglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maindee" title="Maindee">Maindee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Level_of_Mendalgief" title="Level of Mendalgief">Mendalgief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parc-Seymour" title="Parc-Seymour">Parc-Seymour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterstone" title="Peterstone">Peterstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhiwderin" title="Rhiwderin">Rhiwderin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridgeway,_Newport" title="Ridgeway, Newport">Ridgeway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside,_Newport" title="Riverside, Newport">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerton,_Newport" title="Somerton, Newport">Somerton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Brides_Wentloog" title="St Brides Wentloog">St Brides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwood,_Newport" title="Underwood, Newport">Underwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uskmouth" title="Uskmouth">Uskmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wentwood_Forest" class="mw-redirect" title="Wentwood Forest">Wentwood Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitson" title="Whitson">Whitson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilcrick" title="Wilcrick">Wilcrick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fcb639;;width:1%">Buildings<br />and<br />structures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beechwood_House,_Newport" class="mw-redirect" title="Beechwood House, Newport">Beechwood House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brynglas_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Brynglas House">Brynglas House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chartist_Mural" title="Chartist Mural">Chartist Mural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleg_Gwent" title="Coleg Gwent">Coleg Gwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Friars_Walk,_Newport" title="Friars Walk, Newport">Friars Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inmos_microprocessor_factory" title="Inmos microprocessor factory">Inmos microprocessor factory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Convention_Centre_Wales" title="International Convention Centre Wales">International Convention Centre Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isca_Augusta" title="Isca Augusta">Isca Augusta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Shopping_Centre" title="Kingsway Shopping Centre">Kingsway Shopping Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lysaght_and_Co." title="John Lysaght and Co.">Lysaght Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansion_House,_Newport" title="Mansion House, Newport">Mansion House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Arcade,_Newport" title="Market Arcade, Newport">Market Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Roman_Legion_Museum" title="National Roman Legion Museum">National Roman Legion Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Castle" title="Newport Castle">Newport Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Cathedral" title="Newport Cathedral">Newport Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Civic_Centre" title="Newport Civic Centre">Newport Civic Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Market" title="Newport Market">Newport Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Museum" title="Newport Museum">Newport Museum Art Gallery and Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_NEON" title="The NEON">Neon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Centre_(Wales)" title="Newport Centre (Wales)">Newport Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Technical_Institute" title="Newport Technical Institute">Newport Technical Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Transporter_Bridge" title="Newport Transporter Bridge">Newport Transporter Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pencoed_Castle" title="Pencoed Castle">Pencoed Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverfront_Arts_Centre" title="Riverfront Arts Centre">Riverfront Arts Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerleon_Roman_Fortress_and_Baths" title="Caerleon Roman Fortress and Baths">Roman Baths Museum</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shire Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_International_Sports_Village" title="Newport International Sports Village">South East Wales Regional Swimming Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Church,_Newport" title="St Mark&#39;s Church, Newport">St. Mark's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Church,_Newport,_Wales" title="St Paul&#39;s Church, Newport, Wales">St. Paul's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tredegar_House" title="Tredegar House">Tredegar House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_South_Wales" title="University of South Wales">University of South Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Usk_Lighthouse" title="West Usk Lighthouse">West Usk Lighthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westgate_Hotel" title="Westgate Hotel">Westgate Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ye_Olde_Murenger_House" title="Ye Olde Murenger House">Ye Olde Murenger House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fcb639;;width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fab547;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Marathon" title="Newport Marathon">Newport Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Half_Marathon" title="Newport Half Marathon">Newport Half Marathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tour_de_Gwent" title="Tour de Gwent">Tour de Gwent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Ryder_Cup" title="2010 Ryder Cup">2010 Ryder Cup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fab547;;width:1%">Institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Park" title="Dragon Park">Dragon Park, Wales National Football Development Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_International_Sports_Village" title="Newport International Sports Village">Newport International Sports Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Stadium" title="Newport Stadium">Newport Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_International_Sports_Village" title="Newport International Sports Village">Newport Tennis Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodney_Parade" title="Rodney Parade">Rodney Parade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_International_Sports_Village" title="Newport International Sports Village">South East Wales Regional Swimming Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraint_Thomas_National_Velodrome" title="Geraint Thomas National Velodrome">Geraint Thomas National Velodrome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#fcb639;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Newport" title="Music of Newport">Music of Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_City_Radio" title="Newport City Radio">Newport City Radio</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Government_buildings_in_Wales" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#AFD697"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Government_buildings_in_Wales" title="Template:Government buildings in Wales"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Government_buildings_in_Wales" title="Template talk:Government buildings in Wales"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Government_buildings_in_Wales" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Government buildings in Wales"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Government_buildings_in_Wales" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Government buildings in Wales</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_devolution" title="Welsh devolution">Devolved<br />institutions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697"><a href="/wiki/Senedd#Buildings" title="Senedd">Senedd estate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senedd_building" title="Senedd building">Senedd building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierhead_Building" title="Pierhead Building">Pierhead Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_Hywel" title="Tŷ Hywel">Tŷ Hywel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697"><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Government</a><br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Buildings,_Cathays_Park" title="Crown Buildings, Cathays Park">Crown Buildings</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697"><a href="/wiki/UK_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Government">UK Government</a><br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastgate_House,_Cardiff" title="Eastgate House, Cardiff">Eastgate House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C5%B7_William_Morgan" title="Tŷ William Morgan">Tŷ William Morgan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697"><a href="/wiki/Local_government_in_Wales" title="Local government in Wales">Local<br />government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697"><a href="/wiki/Principal_areas_of_Wales" title="Principal areas of Wales">Principal</a> <a href="/wiki/Principal_council" title="Principal council">council</a><br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Cardiff" title="County Hall, Cardiff">County Hall, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Carmarthen" title="County Hall, Carmarthen">County Hall, Carmarthen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Ruthin" title="County Hall, Ruthin">County Hall, Ruthin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Mold" title="County Hall, Mold">County Hall, Mold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Haverfordwest" title="County Hall, Haverfordwest">County Hall, Haverfordwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Llandrindod_Wells" title="County Hall, Llandrindod Wells">County Hall, Llandrindod Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_Offices,_Caernarfon" title="Council Offices, Caernarfon">Council Offices, Caernarfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Civic_Centre" title="Swansea Civic Centre">Swansea Civic Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swansea_Guildhall" title="Swansea Guildhall">Swansea Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newport_Civic_Centre" title="Newport Civic Centre">Newport Civic Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontypool_Town_Hall" title="Pontypool Town Hall">Pontypool Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guildhall,_Wrexham" title="Guildhall, Wrexham">Wrexham Guildhall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697"><a href="/wiki/Community_(Wales)" title="Community (Wales)">Community</a> council<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abergavenny_Town_Hall" title="Abergavenny Town Hall">Abergavenny Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammanford_Town_Hall" title="Ammanford Town Hall">Ammanford Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bargoed_Town_Hall" title="Bargoed Town Hall">Bargoed Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaumaris_Town_Hall" title="Beaumaris Town Hall">Beaumaris Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brecon_Guildhall" title="Brecon Guildhall">Brecon Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckley_Town_Council_Offices" title="Buckley Town Council Offices">Buckley Town Council Offices</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caerwys_Town_Hall" title="Caerwys Town Hall">Caerwys Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colwyn_Bay_Town_Hall" title="Colwyn Bay Town Hall">Colwyn Bay Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conwy_Guildhall" title="Conwy Guildhall">Conwy Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowbridge_Town_Hall" title="Cowbridge Town Hall">Cowbridge Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denbigh_Town_Hall" title="Denbigh Town Hall">Denbigh Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fishguard_Town_Hall" title="Fishguard Town Hall">Fishguard Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint_Town_Hall" title="Flint Town Hall">Flint Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grosmont_Town_Hall" title="Grosmont Town Hall">Grosmont Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holyhead_Town_Hall" title="Holyhead Town Hall">Holyhead Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laugharne_Town_Hall" title="Laugharne Town Hall">Laugharne Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandudno_Town_Hall" title="Llandudno Town Hall">Llandudno Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangollen_Town_Hall" title="Llangollen Town Hall">Llangollen Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanidloes_Town_Hall" title="Llanidloes Town Hall">Llanidloes Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llantwit_Major_Town_Hall" title="Llantwit Major Town Hall">Llantwit Major Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milford_Haven_Town_Hall" title="Milford Haven Town Hall">Milford Haven Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mold_Town_Hall" title="Mold Town Hall">Mold Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Criccieth" title="Old Town Hall, Criccieth">Old Town Hall, Criccieth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Llandrindod_Wells" title="Old Town Hall, Llandrindod Wells">Old Town Hall, Llandrindod Wells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Pwllheli" title="Old Town Hall, Pwllheli">Old Town Hall, Pwllheli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembroke_Town_Hall" title="Pembroke Town Hall">Pembroke Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessions_House,_Usk" title="Sessions House, Usk">Sessions House, Usk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_Hall,_Llandeilo" title="Shire Hall, Llandeilo">Shire Hall, Llandeilo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Davids_City_Hall" title="St Davids City Hall">St Davids City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talgarth_Town_Hall" title="Talgarth Town Hall">Talgarth Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twyn_Community_Centre" title="Twyn Community Centre">Twyn Community Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welshpool_Town_Hall" title="Welshpool Town Hall">Welshpool Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitland_Town_Hall" title="Whitland Town Hall">Whitland Town Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#AFD697">Former government<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_Town_Hall" title="Aberystwyth Town Hall">Aberystwyth Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_Rooms,_Presteigne" title="Assembly Rooms, Presteigne">Assembly Rooms, Presteigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Market_Hall,_Blaenau_Ffestiniog" title="Old Market Hall, Blaenau Ffestiniog">Old Market Hall, Blaenau Ffestiniog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bala_Town_Hall" title="Bala Town Hall">Bala Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangor_Town_Hall" title="Bangor Town Hall">Bangor Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Council_Office_and_Library" title="Barry Council Office and Library">Barry Council Office and Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall,_Cardiff" title="City Hall, Cardiff">City Hall, Cardiff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardiff_Town_Hall" title="Cardiff Town Hall">Cardiff Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardigan_Guildhall" title="Cardigan Guildhall">Cardigan Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmarthen_Guildhall" title="Carmarthen Guildhall">Carmarthen Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cawdor_Hall" title="Cawdor Hall">Cawdor Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheese_Market,_Hay-on-Wye" title="Cheese Market, Hay-on-Wye">Cheese Market, Hay-on-Wye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Aberaeron" title="County Hall, Aberaeron">County Hall, Aberaeron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Caernarfon" title="County Hall, Caernarfon">County Hall, Caernarfon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Cwmbran" title="County Hall, Cwmbran">County Hall, Cwmbran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Dolgellau" title="County Hall, Dolgellau">County Hall, Dolgellau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crickhowell_Market_Hall" title="Crickhowell Market Hall">Crickhowell Market Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dylan_Thomas_Centre" title="Dylan Thomas Centre">Dylan Thomas Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamorgan_Building" title="Glamorgan Building">Glamorgan Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holywell_Town_Hall" title="Holywell Town Hall">Holywell Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales_Inn" title="Prince of Wales Inn">Kenfig Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidwelly_Town_Hall" title="Kidwelly Town Hall">Kidwelly Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lampeter_Town_Hall" title="Lampeter Town Hall">Lampeter Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandovery_Town_Hall" title="Llandovery Town Hall">Llandovery Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llandrindod_Wells_Library" title="Llandrindod Wells Library">Llandrindod Wells Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanelli_Town_Hall" title="Llanelli Town Hall">Llanelli Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llangefni_Town_Hall" title="Llangefni Town Hall">Llangefni Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llantrisant_Guildhall" title="Llantrisant Guildhall">Llantrisant Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maesteg_Town_Hall" title="Maesteg Town Hall">Maesteg Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merthyr_Tydfil_Town_Hall" title="Merthyr Tydfil Town Hall">Merthyr Tydfil Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montgomery_Town_Hall" title="Montgomery Town Hall">Montgomery Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Ash_Town_Hall" title="Mountain Ash Town Hall">Mountain Ash Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Offices,_Blaenavon" title="Municipal Offices, Blaenavon">Municipal Offices, Blaenavon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narberth_Town_Hall" title="Narberth Town Hall">Narberth Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neath_Town_Hall" title="Neath Town Hall">Neath Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuadd_Dwyfor" title="Neuadd Dwyfor">Neuadd Dwyfor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neuadd_Maldwyn" title="Neuadd Maldwyn">Neuadd Maldwyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Shire_Hall,_Cardigan" title="Old Shire Hall, Cardigan">Old Shire Hall, Cardigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Aberdare" title="Old Town Hall, Aberdare">Old Town Hall, Aberdare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Loughor" title="Old Town Hall, Loughor">Old Town Hall, Loughor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Town_Hall,_Usk" title="Old Town Hall, Usk">Old Town Hall, Usk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pontypridd_Municipal_Buildings" title="Pontypridd Municipal Buildings">Pontypridd Municipal Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyl_Town_Hall" title="Rhyl Town Hall">Rhyl Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruthin_Town_Hall" title="Ruthin Town Hall">Ruthin Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_Hall,_Llangefni" title="Shire Hall, Llangefni">Shire Hall, Llangefni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_Hall,_Haverfordwest" title="Shire Hall, Haverfordwest">Shire Hall, Haverfordwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_Hall,_Monmouth" title="Shire Hall, Monmouth">Shire Hall, Monmouth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shire Hall, Newport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shire_Hall,_Presteigne" title="Shire Hall, Presteigne">Shire Hall, Presteigne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clears_Town_Hall" title="St Clears Town Hall">St Clears Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swyddfa%27r_Sir" title="Swyddfa&#39;r Sir">Swyddfa'r Sir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenby_Town_Hall" title="Tenby Town Hall">Tenby Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonypandy_Town_Hall" title="Tonypandy Town Hall">Tonypandy Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tredegar_Town_Hall" title="Tredegar Town Hall">Tredegar Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tremadog_Town_Hall" title="Tremadog Town Hall">Tremadog Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Y_Gaer_(cultural_hub)" title="Y Gaer (cultural hub)">Y Gaer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#AFD697"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_city_and_town_halls_in_Wales" title="List of city and town halls in Wales">List of city and town halls in Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐56848dbf48‐dg85l Cached time: 20250104033148 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.611 seconds Real time usage: 0.899 seconds 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Mongolic peoples
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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-List_of_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Contemporary_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Contemporary_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Contemporary ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups_of_Mongolian_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups_of_Mongolian_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups_of_Mongolian_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Historical ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-General_characteristics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_characteristics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>General characteristics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-General_characteristics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle General characteristics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-General_characteristics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Religions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Origin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maternal_lineages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maternal_lineages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.1</span> <span>Maternal lineages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maternal_lineages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paternal_lineages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paternal_lineages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.2</span> <span>Paternal lineages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paternal_lineages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Autosomal_DNA" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Autosomal_DNA"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4.1.3</span> <span>Autosomal DNA</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Autosomal_DNA-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.1</span> <span>General</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetic_researches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetic_researches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.2</span> <span>Genetic researches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetic_researches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Linguistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linguistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.3</span> <span>Linguistics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linguistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religious_studies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religious_studies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.4</span> <span>Religious studies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religious_studies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2.5</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Mongolic peoples</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongola_grupo" title="Mongola grupo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Mongola grupo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%84" title="مردمان مغول – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مردمان مغول" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AA%BD%EA%B3%A8%EC%A1%B1" title="몽골족 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="몽골족" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orang-orang_Mongolik" title="Orang-orang Mongolik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Orang-orang Mongolik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4ng%C3%B4lika_(vahoaka)" title="Môngôlika (vahoaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Môngôlika (vahoaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongoolse_volkeren" title="Mongoolse volkeren – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mongoolse volkeren" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A2%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B4%E3%83%AB%E7%B3%BB%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F" title="モンゴル系民族 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="モンゴル系民族" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%CA%BBg%CA%BBul_xalqlari" title="Moʻgʻul xalqlari – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Moʻgʻul xalqlari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B" title="Монгольские народы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монгольские народы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%95%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D9%85%DB%95%D9%86%DA%AF%DB%86%D9%84" title="گەلانی مەنگۆل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گەلانی مەنگۆل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8" title="Монголски народи – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монголски народи" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolfolk" title="Mongolfolk – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Mongolfolk" 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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png/220px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png/330px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png/440px-Linguistic_map_of_the_Mongolic_languages.png 2x" data-file-width="2102" data-file-height="1325" /></a><figcaption>Geographic distribution of the Mongolic languages</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mongols-map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mongols-map.png/220px-Mongols-map.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mongols-map.png/330px-Mongols-map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Mongols-map.png/440px-Mongols-map.png 2x" data-file-width="1801" data-file-height="1495" /></a><figcaption>A map of the places that Mongolic peoples live. The orange line shows the extent of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> in the late 13th century. The red areas are the places dominated by the Mongolic groups.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Mongolic_peoples" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Mongolic peoples">Mongolic peoples</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <p>The <b>Mongolic peoples</b> are a collection of <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian-originated</a> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> in <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, who speak <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic languages</a>. Their ancestors are referred to as <a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a>. The largest contemporary Mongolic ethnic group is the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOchir2008Zhukovskaia2007354Nimaev2011_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEOchir2008Zhukovskaia2007354Nimaev2011-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mongolic-speaking people, although distributed in a wide geographical area, show a high genetic affinity to each other,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBai;_et_al.2018_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBai;_et_al.2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and display continuity with ancient Northeast Asians.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWang;_et_al.2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWang;_et_al.2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_ethnic_groups">List of ethnic groups</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: List of ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary_ethnic_groups">Contemporary ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Contemporary ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Ethnonym</th> <th>Population</th> <th>Primarily regions</th> <th>Religion </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></td> <td>10,000,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> (China), <a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongolian_autonomous_administrative_divisions_of_China" title="List of Mongolian autonomous administrative divisions of China"><i>other Mongolian autonomous divisions of China</i></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></td> <td>3,000,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_India" title="North India">North India</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiangs</a></td> <td>621,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dongxiang_Autonomous_County" title="Dongxiang Autonomous County">Dongxiang Autonomous County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jishishan_Bonan,_Dongxiang_and_Salar_Autonomous_County" title="Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County">Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td>556,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Agin-Buryat_Okrug" title="Agin-Buryat Okrug">Agin-Buryat Okrug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ust-Orda_Buryat_Okrug" title="Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug">Ust-Orda Buryat Okrug</a> (Russia)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Christianity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></td> <td>290,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gansu" title="Gansu">Gansu</a> (China)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a><sup id="cite_ref-fn1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 200,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a> (Russia)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Kalmykia" title="Buddhism in Kalmykia">Tibetan Buddhism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daurs</a></td> <td>132,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Morin_Dawa_Daur_Autonomous_Banner" title="Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner">Morin Dawa Daur Autonomous Banner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meilisi_Daur_District" title="Meilisi Daur District">Meilisi Daur District</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a></td> <td>&gt;60,000?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tonghai_County" title="Tonghai County">Tonghai County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></td> <td>40,000?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Qinghai" title="Qinghai">Qinghai</a> (China)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bon" title="Bon">Bon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></td> <td>29,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Muli_Tibetan_Autonomous_County" title="Muli Tibetan Autonomous County">Muli Tibetan Autonomous County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yanyuan_County" title="Yanyuan County">Yanyuan County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></td> <td>20,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jishishan_Bonan,_Dongxiang_and_Salar_Autonomous_County" title="Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County">Jishishan Bonan, Dongxiang and Salar Autonomous County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigans</a></td> <td>10,000?</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Zabaykalsky_Krai" title="Zabaykalsky Krai">Zabaykalsky Krai</a> (Russia), Northeastern <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hulunbuir" title="Hulunbuir">Hulunbuir</a> (China)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugurs</a></td> <td>6,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunan_Yugur_Autonomous_County" title="Sunan Yugur Autonomous County">Sunan Yugur Autonomous County</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghols</a></td> <td>2,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herat_Province" title="Herat Province">Herat Province</a> (Afghanistan)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></td> <td>2,000</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Huangnan_Tibetan_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture">Huangnan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In addition, Mongolized <a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a> live in Buryatia. Their population is 3600 people. Soyots are one of the <a href="/wiki/Unified_list_of_Indigenous_minority_peoples_of_the_North,_Siberia,_and_the_Far_East_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified list of Indigenous minority peoples of the North, Siberia, and the Far East of Russia">indigenous minority peoples of Russia</a>. They are descendants of Turkified Samoyeds. At the same time, a number of orientalists (<a href="/wiki/Natalia_Zhukovskaia" title="Natalia Zhukovskaia">Zhukovskaia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhukovskaia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Nanzatov,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Baldaev<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and others) consider modern Soyots as a sub-ethnos within the <a href="/wiki/Buryat_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Buryat people">Buryat people</a>: "... here the ethnic composition of the population was formed, which remains relatively stable to this day - Bulagats, Khongodors, Soyots, who (some earlier, others later) became subethnic groups of the Buryats."<sup id="cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zhukovskaia-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups_of_Mongolian_origin">Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large Mongolian component took <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> in the ethnic formation of the <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBacon1951_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBacon1951-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The high frequency<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> of haplogroup <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C_(Y-DNA)" class="mw-redirect" title="Haplogroup C (Y-DNA)">C2-M217</a> is consistent<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> with the purported Mongolian origin of many of the Hazaras.<sup id="cite_ref-Жабагин_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Жабагин-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Modern Hazaras speak <a href="/wiki/Hazaragi" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazaragi">Hazaragi</a>, one of the dialects of the <a href="/wiki/Dari" title="Dari">Dari</a>/<a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian language</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a>, descendants of the Barlas<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> and other Mongol tribes<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>, currently speak <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan languages</a> of their respective regions, including <a href="/wiki/Urdu" title="Urdu">Urdu</a><sup id="cite_ref-:Genetic_Genealogy_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:Genetic_Genealogy-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Punjabi_language" title="Punjabi language">Punjabi</a>. Although they acknowledge their Mongolic roots, their <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_identity" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic identity">ethnic identity</a> has shifted to their local <a href="/wiki/South_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="South Asian">South Asian</a> ethnic group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historical_ethnic_groups">Historical ethnic groups</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Historical ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a> — founders, in the 1st century CE, of the first Mongolic empire, namely <a href="/wiki/Xianbei_state" class="mw-redirect" title="Xianbei state">Xianbei state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhuan" title="Wuhuan">Wuhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumo_Xi" title="Kumo Xi">Kumo Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong" title="Murong">Murong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun" title="Tuyuhun">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Qifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiwei_people" title="Shiwei people">Shiwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didouyu" title="Didouyu">Didouyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yel%C3%BC" title="Yelü">Yelü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubu" title="Zubu">Zubu</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="General_characteristics">General characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: General characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic languages</a></div> <p>Languages of the Mongolic peoples belong to the <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Mongolic languages are a language family spoken in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a>), <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Asia" title="North Asia">North Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>. The best-known member of this language family, <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>, is the primary language of most of the residents of <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a> and the Mongol residents of <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a>, with an estimated 5.7+ million speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvantessonTsendinaKarlssonFranzén2005_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESvantessonTsendinaKarlssonFranzén2005-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Mongolic ethnicities possibly related to the <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic peoples</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPettazzoni1956_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPettazzoni1956-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> whose languages together would include in the hypothetical <a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic language family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religions">Religions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Religions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Mongolic peoples are predominantly followers of <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a>. In 1576 the <a href="/wiki/Gelug" title="Gelug">Gelug</a> Tibetan school which was founded by the half-Mongol <a href="/wiki/Je_Tsongkhapa" title="Je Tsongkhapa">Je Tsongkhapa</a> became the <a href="/wiki/State_religion" title="State religion">state religion</a> of Mongolia. Some groups such as <a href="/wiki/Dongxiang_people" title="Dongxiang people">Dongxiangs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan people</a> adopted <a href="/wiki/Sunni_Islam" title="Sunni Islam">Sunni Islam</a>, as did <a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghols</a> in Afghanistan and <a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a> in India. Among a part of the population, the <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_religion" title="Ethnic religion">ethnic religion</a>, namely <a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolian_shamanism" title="Mongolian shamanism">Mongolian shamanism</a>) is preserved. A small number of <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christians</a> emerged under the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Church</a> and Western missionaries.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHeissig1980_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHeissig1980-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mongolian shamanism, more broadly called the Mongolian folk religion, or occasionally <i>Tengerism</i><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (September 2024)">according to whom?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup>, as refers to the <a href="/wiki/Animism" title="Animism">animistic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanic</a> indigenous religion that has been practiced in Mongolia and its surrounding areas (including <a href="/wiki/Buryatia" title="Buryatia">Buryatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a>), as well as among <a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a> and other peoples, at least since the age of <a href="/wiki/Recorded_history" title="Recorded history">recorded history</a>. In the earliest known stages, it was intricately tied to all other aspects of social life and to the tribal organization of Mongolian society. Along the way, it has become influenced by and mingled with Buddhism.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPettazzoni1956HumphreyOnon1996Shimamura2004649–51Schlehe2004283–96Balogh2010229–38Bumochir2014473–91QuijadaGraberStephen2015258–72_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPettazzoni1956HumphreyOnon1996Shimamura2004649–51Schlehe2004283–96Balogh2010229–38Bumochir2014473–91QuijadaGraberStephen2015258–72-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tengrism was transformed into a <a href="/wiki/Monotheism" title="Monotheism">monotheistic</a> religion only at the imperial level within aristocratic circles.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBira201114_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBira201114-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Culture">Culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia" title="Culture of Mongolia">Culture of Mongolia</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Mongolia" title="Culture of Mongolia">Culture of Mongolia</a> has been heavily influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol</a> <a href="/wiki/Nomads" class="mw-redirect" title="Nomads">nomadic</a> way of life and shows similarities to other <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cultural_sphere" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cultural sphere">East Asian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asian</a> cultures. The various Mongolic ethnic groups share a highly similar culture and traditions, but have specific differences in clothing styles and cuisine. Although Mongolian traditional clothing (<a href="/wiki/Deel_(clothing)" title="Deel (clothing)">deel</a>) has changed little since the days of the empire, there have been some changes in styles which distinguish modern Mongolian dress from historic costume. Each tribe or clan has its own deel design distinguished by cut, color, and trimming. <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_cuisine" title="Mongolian cuisine">Mongolian cuisine</a> is primarily based on <a href="/wiki/Meat" title="Meat">meat</a> and dairy, with some regional variations. The most important public festivals are the <a href="/wiki/Naadam" title="Naadam">Naadam</a>. A Naadam involves <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">horse racing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wrestling" title="Wrestling">wrestling</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Archery" title="Archery">archery</a> competitions. For families, the most important festival is <a href="/wiki/Tsagaan_Sar" title="Tsagaan Sar">Tsagaan Sar</a> (Lunar New Year), which is roughly equivalent to the <a href="/wiki/Chinese_New_Year" title="Chinese New Year">Chinese New Year</a> and usually falls into January or February. Mongolia has a very old musical tradition. Key traditional elements are <a href="/wiki/Overtone_singing" title="Overtone singing">throat-singing</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Morin_Khuur" class="mw-redirect" title="Morin Khuur">Morin Khuur</a> (horse head fiddle) and other string instruments, and several types of songs. Mongolian melodies are typically characterized by pentatonic harmonies and long end notes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origin">Origin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Origin"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The ethnogenesis of Mongolic peoples is largely linked with the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Northeast_Asian" title="Ancient Northeast Asian">Ancient Northeast Asians</a>. They subsequently came into contact with other groups, notably <a href="/wiki/Sinitic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinitic peoples">Sinitic peoples</a> to their South and <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Western Steppe Herders</a> to their far West. The Mongolians pastoralist lifestyle, may in part be derived from the Western Steppe Herders, but without much geneflow between these two groups, suggesting cultural transmission.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Genetics">Genetics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> and other Mongolic-speaking groups, show high genetic affinity to each other, followed by genetic proximity to <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Central_Asia" title="Demographics of Central Asia">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East/Southeast Asian peoples</a>. The analysis of 175 Mongolic samples, representing 6 ethnic groups, incorporating results of the 1000 Genomes Project panel, revealed genetic homogeneity between different Mongolic groups, and that Northeast, East, and Southeast Asian populations are closer to each other than to other Eurasian populations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBai;_et_al.2018_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBai;_et_al.2018-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Maternal_lineages">Maternal lineages</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Maternal lineages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mongolic peoples maternal lineages are primarily shared with East Asians (54%) and Southeast Asians (28%), while around 14% are shared with Europeans and other West Eurasian populations. The remaining 4% are distributed throughout Eurasia and not associated with a specific group.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study based on <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a> noted that ancient populations in Mongolia had a mixed West and East Eurasian origin, while modern Mongolians are characterized by substantially less West Eurasian maternal ancestry. It is suggested that many West Eurasian <a href="/wiki/MtDNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MtDNA">mtDNA</a> haplogroups in modern Mongolians are believed to have arrived around 2,500-5,000 years ago, or the Mongolian Bronze Age. A smaller number arrived in the early Iron Age.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Research by Rogers, et al. provides evidence that some West Eurasian maternal lineages had made it to Mongolia east of the Altai mountains prior to the Bronze Age.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the medieval period, a continuous increase in <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">East Asian</a> mitochondrial lineages was detected, which these authors attribute to Genghis Khan's <a href="/wiki/Pax_Mongolica" title="Pax Mongolica">Pax Mongolica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Paternal_lineages">Paternal lineages</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Paternal lineages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An analysis of the paternal genetic diversity of Mongolians (<i>n</i>=95 from <a href="/wiki/Ulaangom" title="Ulaangom">Ulaangom</a>, <i>n</i>=100 from <a href="/wiki/Dalandzadgad" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalandzadgad">Dalandzadgad</a>, <i>n</i>=97 from <a href="/wiki/Ulaanbaatar" title="Ulaanbaatar">Ulaanbaatar</a>, <i>n</i>=84 from <a href="/wiki/Undurkhaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Undurkhaan">Undurkhaan</a>, <i>n</i>=117 from <a href="/wiki/Choibalsan_(city)" title="Choibalsan (city)">Choibalsan</a>) performed by Toshimichi Yamamoto <i>et alii</i> at the Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Japan revealed a mean frequency of 59.0% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-M217" title="Haplogroup C-M217">Haplogroup C-M217</a> (49.5% Ulaanbaatar, 57.1% Undurkhaan, 59.0% Choibalsan, 61.0% Dalandzadgad, 68.4% Ulaangom), 13.9% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_O-M175" title="Haplogroup O-M175">Haplogroup O-M175</a> (4.2% Ulaangom, 11.0% Dalandzadgad, 13.1% Undurkhaan, 15.4% Choibalsan, 25.8% Ulaanbaatar), 11.3% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_N-M231" title="Haplogroup N-M231">Haplogroup N-M231</a> (8.2% Ulaanbaatar, 8.4% Ulaangom, 10.3% Choibalsan, 14.0% Dalandzadgad, 15.5% Undurkhaan), 6.2% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R_(Y-DNA)" title="Haplogroup R (Y-DNA)">Haplogroup R</a> (3.1% Ulaanbaatar, 3.4% Choibalsan, 3.6% Undurkhaan, 7.0% Dalandzadgad, 13.7% Ulaangom), 3.5% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_D-M174" title="Haplogroup D-M174">Haplogroup D-M174</a> (1.1% Ulaangom, 3.4% Choibalsan, 4.0% Dalandzadgad, 4.1% Ulaanbaatar, 4.8% Undurkhaan), and 2.8% <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_Q-M242" title="Haplogroup Q-M242">Haplogroup Q1b</a> (2.0% Dalandzadgad, 2.4% Undurkhaan, 3.1% Ulaanbaatar, 3.2% Ulaangom, 3.4% Choibalsan).<sup id="cite_ref-Yamamoto2013_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamamoto2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The authors noted that "at least 4 major male ancestors with Y-hg-C3 have affected the gene pool of Mongolian males at the different periods," producing star-like clusters of Y-STR haplotypes.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamamoto2013_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamamoto2013-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Most numerous on average are the members of C3*: 11.6% Ulaangom, 14.4% Ulaanbaatar, 28.6% Undurkhaan, 29.9% Choibalsan, 48.0% Dalandzadgad. Second most numerous on average are the members of <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_C-M48" title="Haplogroup C-M48">Haplogroup C3c</a>: 2.0% Dalandzadgad, 16.7% Undurkhaan, 17.1% Choibalsan, 23.7% Ulaanbaatar, 53.7% Ulaangom. Third most numerous on average are the members of Haplogroup C3d <i>i.e.</i> C-M407: 3.2% Ulaangom, 8.0% Dalandzadgad, 8.5% Choibalsan, 10.7% Undurkhaan, 11.3% Ulaanbaatar. </p><p>A study based on <a href="/wiki/Ancient_DNA" title="Ancient DNA">ancient DNA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Human_Y-chromosome_DNA_haplogroup" title="Human Y-chromosome DNA haplogroup">Y-DNA</a> found that ancient populations in the region of modern-day Mongolia had a mixed West and East Eurasian origin during the <a href="/wiki/Xiongnu" title="Xiongnu">Xiongnu</a> period. Male-mediated <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Western Steppe Herders</a> ancestry increased by the establishment of <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kturks" class="mw-redirect" title="Gökturks">Türkic</a> and Uyghur rule in Mongolia, which was accompanied by an increase in the West Eurasian haplogroups R and J.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeongWangWilkinTaylor2020_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeongWangWilkinTaylor2020-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There was a male-mediated rise in East Asian ancestry in the late medieval Mongolian period, paralleling the increase of haplogroup C2b.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Autosomal_DNA">Autosomal DNA</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Autosomal DNA"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png/220px-Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png/330px-Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png/440px-Genetic_distances_Eurasian_West_Asian_East_Asian.png 2x" data-file-width="1063" data-file-height="1772" /></a><figcaption>Genetic variation of Eurasian populations showing different frequency of West- and East-Eurasian components.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Genetic studies on Mongolic populations found them to be "well-fitted by a three-way admixture" of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Northeast_Asian" title="Ancient Northeast Asian">Ancient Northeast Asian</a>-like (ANA) ancestry, with variable amounts of <a href="/wiki/Yellow_River" title="Yellow River">Yellow River</a> Farmer-like, and <a href="/wiki/Western_Steppe_Herders" title="Western Steppe Herders">Western Steppe Herders</a> ancestries. Mongols of Inner Mongolia were found to display genetic continuity with "Late Medieval Mongol" samples, and can be modeled as 46% Ancient Northeast Asian, 44% Yellow River Farmer, and 10% West Eurasian (<a href="/wiki/Andronovo_culture" title="Andronovo culture">Andronovo</a>-like).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a> period samples carried between 55–64% Ancient Northeast Asian ancestry, 21–27% Yellow River Farmer-like sources, and 15–18% Western Steppe Herder (<a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatian</a> or <a href="/wiki/Alans" title="Alans">Alan</a>-like) sources.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>One autosomal study on <a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat-speaking</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a> living in <a href="/wiki/Kalmykia" title="Kalmykia">Kalmykia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>, found them to be derived from a Western Mongolian source population. Despite their long-distance migration, Kalmyks still display a predominant East Asian genetic profile. Kalmyks derive around 80% East Asian ancestry and 20% Western Eurasian ancestry.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Two autosomal genetic studies on <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolians</a> found that they are best modeled as a mixture of Ancient Northeast Asian-like (ANA) and 10% to 25% East Asian Yellow River Farmer ancestry sources (increasing among Khorchins to around 62%), with only minor Western Eurasian genetic contributions (5.6–11.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWang;_et_al.2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEWang;_et_al.2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fn2_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn2-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:K6_human_genetic_ancestries.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/K6_human_genetic_ancestries.png/220px-K6_human_genetic_ancestries.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/K6_human_genetic_ancestries.png/330px-K6_human_genetic_ancestries.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/K6_human_genetic_ancestries.png/440px-K6_human_genetic_ancestries.png 2x" data-file-width="1498" data-file-height="1642" /></a><figcaption>Estimated ancestry components among selected modern populations per Changmai et al. (2022). The Yellow component represents "East and Southeast Asian" (ESEA) ancestries.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Mongolic peoples display genetic continuity to the <a href="/wiki/Devil%E2%80%99s_Gate_Cave" class="mw-redirect" title="Devil’s Gate Cave">Devil’s Gate Cave</a> specimen (7,000 BCE) and the Amur13K specimen (13,000 BCE). The Neolithic Northeast Asian ancestry, is shared with other "putative <a href="/wiki/Altaic_languages" title="Altaic languages">Altaic-speaking</a> peoples" specifically <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic-speaking peoples</a>, together with shared "IBD fragments" in haplotype variation, supporting a Northeast Asian origin of these three groups. Turkic and Western Mongolic populations display the relatively highest amounts of West Eurasian admixture, inline with historical contacts between Ancient Northeast Asians and West Eurasian populations of the Eurasian Steppes, and evidence from linguistic borrowings. In comparison, Eastern, Central and Southern Mongolic peoples as well as Tungusic peoples had considerable less West Eurasian ancestry but higher Yellow River farmers ancestry. <a href="/wiki/Sinitic_peoples" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinitic peoples">Sinitic peoples</a> largely lacked any West Eurasian-derived ancestry and displayed primarily affinity with historical Yellow River farmers.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-fn1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Some Mongolic ethnic groups are variously described as subgroups of Mongols or as separate ethnic groups; for example, the <a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyks</a> are recognized as distinct ethnolinguistic groups in Russia (see <a href="/wiki/Russian_Census_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Census (2010)">2010 Census</a> and other).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fn2-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn2_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The gene flow from Western Eurasian was preliminarily detected in Mongol population of TreeMix-based phylogenetic tree; the ancestral source was finally identified in qpAdm, ranging from 5.6 to 11.6% in those Mongolian subgroups; ALDER and GLOBETROTTER supported that the west-east admixture event was recently estimated in the period ranging from Tang Dynasty to Yuan Dynasty. ... We further performed haplotype-based GLOBETROTTER to obtain a high-resolution characterization of the admixture landscaped of three Mongolian subgroups. All targets showed robust signals of west-east admixture (Supplementary Table S11)."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYang;_et_al.2021_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEYang;_et_al.2021-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEOchir2008Zhukovskaia2007354Nimaev2011-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEOchir2008Zhukovskaia2007354Nimaev2011_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFOchir2008">Ochir 2008</a>; <a href="#CITEREFZhukovskaia2007">Zhukovskaia 2007</a>, p.&#160;354; <a href="#CITEREFNimaev2011">Nimaev 2011</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBai;_et_al.2018-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBai;_et_al.2018_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBai;_et_al.2018_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBai;_et_al.2018">Bai; et al. 2018</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEWang;_et_al.2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWang;_et_al.2021_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEWang;_et_al.2021_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFWang;_et_al.2021">Wang; et al. 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zhukovskaia-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Zhukovskaia_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Natalia Zhukovskaia (2005).<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://static.iea.ras.ru/books/Schaman/Vol%2011.pdf">"Бурятские шаманки на международной конференции (тункинский опыт, июль 2004 г.) // Женщина и возрождение шаманизма."</a>. Москва: Российская академия наук. Институт этнологии и антропологии имени Н. Н. Миклухо-Маклая. Page 129. In Russian: <i>"... здесь сформировался тот этнический состав населения, который относительно стабильно сохраняется до сегодняшнего дня - булагаты, хонгодоры, сойоты, которые (одни раньше, другие позже) вошли как субэтносы в состав бурят."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNanzatov2003" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nanzatov, B. Z. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/4344018">"Племенной состав бурят в XIX веке."</a> &#91;Buryat tribe composition in the 19th century&#93;. <i>Народы и культуры Сибири. Взаимодействие как фактор формирования и модернизации</i> (in Russian). Irkutsk. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">15–</span>27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2+%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8F%D1%82+%D0%B2+XIX+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B5.&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%B8+%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B+%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8.+%D0%92%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BA+%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80+%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8&amp;rft.place=Irkutsk&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E27&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.aulast=Nanzatov&amp;rft.aufirst=B.+Z.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F4344018&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБалдаев_С._П.1970" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Балдаев С. 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К. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://disk.yandex.ru/i/-B69hFsjOyNOJA">Анализ связи полиморфизма Y-хромосомы и родоплеменной структуры в казахской популяции</a>. Moscow. p. 71. In Russian: <i>"...за счет высокой частоты гаплогруппы С2-М217, что согласуется с монгольским происхождением хазарейцев."</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:Genetic_Genealogy-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:Genetic_Genealogy_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFСабитов_Ж._М.,_Баймуханов_Н._Б.2015" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Сабитов Ж. М., Баймуханов Н. Б. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/17004570">"Y-STR гаплотипы узбеков, уйгуров, таджиков, пуштунов, хазарейцев, моголов из базы данных Family Tree DNA"</a>. <i>The Russian Journal of Genetic Genealogy</i> (in Russian) (2): <span class="nowrap">22–</span>23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Russian+Journal+of+Genetic+Genealogy&amp;rft.atitle=Y-STR+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BF%D1%8B+%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%83%D0%B9%D0%B3%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%2C+%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%B2%2C+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%B8%D0%B7+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%8B+%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+Family+Tree+DNA&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E22-%3C%2Fspan%3E23&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.au=%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%96.+%D0%9C.%2C+%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%9D.+%D0%91.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F17004570&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJanhunen2003_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJanhunen2003">Janhunen 2003</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESvantessonTsendinaKarlssonFranzén2005-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESvantessonTsendinaKarlssonFranzén2005_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSvantessonTsendinaKarlssonFranzén2005">Svantesson et al. 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPettazzoni1956-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPettazzoni1956_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPettazzoni1956">Pettazzoni 1956</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStarostin,_George2016" class="citation web cs1">Starostin, George (2016-04-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oxfordre.com/linguistics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199384655.001.0001/acrefore-9780199384655-e-35">"Altaic Languages"</a>. <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Linguistics</i>. 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Tang, Wenru; He, Li; Dong, Yongli; Lu, Jing; Lei, Yunping; Yu, Haijing; Zhang, Jiali; Xiao, Chunjie (October 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10038-008-0325-8">"Genetic imprint of the Mongol: signal from phylogeographic analysis of mitochondrial DNA"</a>. <i>Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>53</b> (10): <span class="nowrap">905–</span>913. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10038-008-0325-8">10.1007/s10038-008-0325-8</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1435-232X">1435-232X</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18769869">18769869</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:6841794">6841794</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Genetic+imprint+of+the+Mongol%3A+signal+from+phylogeographic+analysis+of+mitochondrial+DNA&amp;rft.volume=53&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E905-%3C%2Fspan%3E913&amp;rft.date=2008-10&amp;rft.issn=1435-232X&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A6841794%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18769869&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs10038-008-0325-8&amp;rft.aulast=Cheng&amp;rft.aufirst=Baoweng&amp;rft.au=Tang%2C+Wenru&amp;rft.au=He%2C+Li&amp;rft.au=Dong%2C+Yongli&amp;rft.au=Lu%2C+Jing&amp;rft.au=Lei%2C+Yunping&amp;rft.au=Yu%2C+Haijing&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Jiali&amp;rft.au=Xiao%2C+Chunjie&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%252Fs10038-008-0325-8&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCardinali;_et_al.2022">Cardinali; et al. 2022</a>"Finally, a very few haplogroups originated in more recent times (&lt;3 kya) and could be linked to historical events." [...] "A post-glacial expansion in eastern Asia was already proved for another mtDNA post-glacial marker, haplogroup U5b (Achilli et al., 2005). A later expansion can be probably connected to the climatic amelioration of the early Holocene that was accompanied by the development of farming and pastoralism and more sedentary communities. A mixed ancestry between Yamnaya and European farmers was recently identified by analyzing ancient Bronze Age Mongolians (Jeong et al., 2020; Wang C. C. et al., 2021). [...] The lack of Mongolia-specific sub-branches might also suggest that the WEu lineages arrived in the Eastern Steppe in more recent times. Certainly, the ages of some WEu lineages between 5 and 3 kya could be linked to Bronze Age migrations across the Eurasian steppes that probably involved also the Afanasievo first (ca. 3300–2500 BCE) and later the Sintashta culture (ca. 2100–1800 BCE). Finally, by searching the available database of ancient mitogenomes for WEu lineages identified in our modern Mongolians, we identified 13 different sub-lineages among remains excavated in Mongolia and dated after the Bronze Age. They might testify for small population movements from the west less than 3,000 ya that can be probably related to commercial routes. Actually, the migration path from western Eurasia to Mongolia marked by some of these mitochondrial sub-lineages (H5a1, J1b2, T2g, U2e1b, U4b1a1a1, and U4b1a4) occurred about 2,500 ya, thus temporally and geographically overlapping with the Silk Route, while other sub-haplogroups, such as J1b1b1 and U2e1a1, seem to have arrived in Mongolia later."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersHoneychurchAmartuvshinKaestle2020" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Leland L.; Honeychurch, William; Amartuvshin, Chunag; Kaestle, Frederika A. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/758140">"U5A1 Mitochondrial DNA Haplotype Identified in Eneolithic Skeleton from Shatar Chuluu, Mongolia"</a>. <i>Human Biology</i>. <b>91</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">213–</span>223. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fhub.2017.0079">10.1353/hub.2017.0079</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1534-6617">1534-6617</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32767893">32767893</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Biology&amp;rft.atitle=U5A1+Mitochondrial+DNA+Haplotype+Identified+in+Eneolithic+Skeleton+from+Shatar+Chuluu%2C+Mongolia&amp;rft.volume=91&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E213-%3C%2Fspan%3E223&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft.issn=1534-6617&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32767893&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fhub.2017.0079&amp;rft.aulast=Rogers&amp;rft.aufirst=Leland+L.&amp;rft.au=Honeychurch%2C+William&amp;rft.au=Amartuvshin%2C+Chunag&amp;rft.au=Kaestle%2C+Frederika+A.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F758140&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersKaestle2022" class="citation journal cs1">Rogers, Leland Liu; Kaestle, Frederika Ann (April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.24478">"Analysis of mitochondrial DNA haplogroup frequencies in the population of the slab burial mortuary culture of Mongolia (ca. 1100–300 BCE )"</a>. <i>American Journal of Biological Anthropology</i>. <b>177</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">644–</span>657. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fajpa.24478">10.1002/ajpa.24478</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:246508594">246508594</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Biological+Anthropology&amp;rft.atitle=Analysis+of+mitochondrial+DNA+haplogroup+frequencies+in+the+population+of+the+slab+burial+mortuary+culture+of+Mongolia+%28ca.+1100%E2%80%93300+BCE+%29&amp;rft.volume=177&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E644-%3C%2Fspan%3E657&amp;rft.date=2022-04&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fajpa.24478&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A246508594%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Rogers&amp;rft.aufirst=Leland+Liu&amp;rft.au=Kaestle%2C+Frederika+Ann&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252Fajpa.24478&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span> The K hg may represent an ancient addition from early western foragers that had intermixed with early agriculturalists (Spengler, 2015), similar with the probable origins of the C hg found in the ancient Ukraine (Nikitin et al., 2012). The J1c8a haplotype might be from a regional polymorphism that is linked to migrating populations after the expansion of agriculturalism from the Middle East, perhaps associated with the development of caprine pastoralism that reached southeast Kazakhstan by at least 2800 BCE (Hermes et al 2020)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCardinali;_et_al.2022">Cardinali; et al. 2022</a>"Finally, rather than finding long-distance traces of the Mongol Empire expansion to the west, we identified continuous and recent (female-mediated) connections with neighboring Eastern Asian populations. The geographically restricted sharing of haplotypes from typical EAs mtDNA lineages might represent an outcome of Genghis Khan’s so-called Pax Mongolica still detectable in present-day Mongolians."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yamamoto2013-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Yamamoto2013_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Yamamoto2013_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYamamotoSendaHoribaSakuma2013" class="citation journal cs1">Yamamoto, Toshimichi; Senda, Tomoki; Horiba, Daiki; Sakuma, Masayoshi; Kawaguchi, Yuuka; Kano, Yuuichi (2013-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875176813001340">"Y-chromosome lineage in five regional Mongolian populations"</a>. <i>Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series</i>. Progress in Forensic Genetics 15. <b>4</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">e260 –</span> <span class="nowrap">e261</span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.fsigss.2013.10.133">10.1016/j.fsigss.2013.10.133</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1875-1768">1875-1768</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International%3A+Genetics+Supplement+Series&amp;rft.atitle=Y-chromosome+lineage+in+five+regional+Mongolian+populations&amp;rft.volume=4&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Ee260+-%3C%2Fspan%3E+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3Ee261%3C%2Fspan%3E&amp;rft.date=2013-01-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.fsigss.2013.10.133&amp;rft.issn=1875-1768&amp;rft.aulast=Yamamoto&amp;rft.aufirst=Toshimichi&amp;rft.au=Senda%2C+Tomoki&amp;rft.au=Horiba%2C+Daiki&amp;rft.au=Sakuma%2C+Masayoshi&amp;rft.au=Kawaguchi%2C+Yuuka&amp;rft.au=Kano%2C+Yuuichi&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fpii%2FS1875176813001340&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJeongWangWilkinTaylor2020-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJeongWangWilkinTaylor2020_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJeongWangWilkinTaylor2020">Jeong et al. 2020</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJeongWangWilkinTaylor2020">Jeong et al. 2020</a>: See Figure S2. "We also observed that this East Asian-related ancestry was brought into the Late Medieval populations more by male than female ancestors. ... Overall, Mongol period individuals characterized by a remarkable decrease in Western Eurasian ancestry compared to the preceding 1,600 years. They are best modeled as a mixture of ANA-like and East Asian-like ancestry sources, with only minor Western genetic ancestry. In addition, nearly a third of historic Mongol males (12/38) have Y haplogroup C2b, which is also widespread among modern Mongolians (Figure&#160;S3; Table S6); C2b is the presumed patrilineage of Genghis Khan (Zerjal et&#160;al., 2003)."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiChoKiddKidd2009" class="citation journal cs1">Li, Hui; Cho, Kelly; Kidd, J.; Kidd, K. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790568">"Genetic landscape of Eurasia and "admixture" in Uyghurs"</a>. <i>American Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>85</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">934–</span>937. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2009.10.024">10.1016/j.ajhg.2009.10.024</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2790568">2790568</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20004770">20004770</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:37591388">37591388</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Genetic+landscape+of+Eurasia+and+%22admixture%22+in+Uyghurs.&amp;rft.volume=85&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E934-%3C%2Fspan%3E937&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2790568%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A37591388%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20004770&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ajhg.2009.10.024&amp;rft.aulast=Li&amp;rft.aufirst=Hui&amp;rft.au=Cho%2C+Kelly&amp;rft.au=Kidd%2C+J.&amp;rft.au=Kidd%2C+K.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2790568&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeWangZouYeh2022" class="citation journal cs1">He, Guang-Lin; Wang, Meng-Ge; Zou, Xing; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Liu, Chang-Hui; Liu, Chao; Chen, Gang; Wang, Chuan-Chao (2022-01-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12827">"Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity"</a>. <i>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</i>. <b>61</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">230–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjse.12827">10.1111/jse.12827</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1674-4918">1674-4918</a>. <q>Here, we found that western Mongolians shared a similar ancestry history with late Medieval Mongols, which was descended 0.440 ancestry from YRB farmers, 0.4592 from ARB Hunter-Gatherers, and 0.1008 from western Eurasian Andronovo (Fig. 7G∼H). We also confirmed that early Medieval Turkic derived 68% ancestry from Neolithic Amur people. Ancient Turkic people also contributed 30% of genetic materials to western Mongolians whose remaining ancestry derived from eastern Mongolian-related ancient sources (Fig. 7I).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Systematics+and+Evolution&amp;rft.atitle=Extensive+ethnolinguistic+diversity+at+the+crossroads+of+North+China+and+South+Siberia+reflects+multiple+sources+of+genetic+diversity&amp;rft.volume=61&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E230-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&amp;rft.date=2022-01-09&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjse.12827&amp;rft.issn=1674-4918&amp;rft.aulast=He&amp;rft.aufirst=Guang-Lin&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Meng-Ge&amp;rft.au=Zou%2C+Xing&amp;rft.au=Yeh%2C+Hui-Yuan&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Chang-Hui&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Chao&amp;rft.au=Chen%2C+Gang&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Chuan-Chao&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fjse.12827&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeongWangWilkinTaylor2020" class="citation journal cs1">Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan K.; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold (2020-11-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015">"A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe"</a>. <i>Cell</i>. <b>183</b> (4): 890–904.e29. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.cell.2020.10.015">10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0092-8674">0092-8674</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7664836">7664836</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33157037">33157037</a>. <q>Mongol-era individuals as a group can be modeled with only 15%–18% Western Steppe ancestry (Alan or Sarmatian) but require 55%–64% Ulaanzuukh_SlabGrave and 21%–27% of Han-related ancestry (Table S5I). _ Since the fall of the Mongol empire in 1368 CE, the genetic profile of the Mongolian populations has not substantially changed.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell&amp;rft.atitle=A+Dynamic+6%2C000-Year+Genetic+History+of+Eurasia%27s+Eastern+Steppe&amp;rft.volume=183&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=890-904.e29&amp;rft.date=2020-11-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7664836%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=0092-8674&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F33157037&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2020.10.015&amp;rft.aulast=Jeong&amp;rft.aufirst=Choongwon&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Ke&amp;rft.au=Wilkin%2C+Shevan&amp;rft.au=Taylor%2C+William+Timothy+Treal&amp;rft.au=Miller%2C+Bryan+K.&amp;rft.au=Bemmann%2C+Jan+H.&amp;rft.au=Stahl%2C+Raphaela&amp;rft.au=Chiovelli%2C+Chelsea&amp;rft.au=Knolle%2C+Florian&amp;rft.au=Ulziibayar%2C+Sodnom&amp;rft.au=Khatanbaatar%2C+Dorjpurev&amp;rft.au=Erdenebaatar%2C+Diimaajav&amp;rft.au=Erdenebat%2C+Ulambayar&amp;rft.au=Ochir%2C+Ayudai&amp;rft.au=Ankhsanaa%2C+Ganbold&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%2Fj.cell.2020.10.015&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalinovaHudjašovPankratovPennarun2024" class="citation journal cs1">Balinova, Natalia; Hudjašov, Georgi; Pankratov, Vasili; Pennarun, Erwan; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Batyrov, Valery; Khomyakova, Irina; Reisberg, Tuuli; Parik, Jüri; Dzhaubermezov, Murat; Aiyzhy, Elena; Balinova, Altana; El’chinova, Galina; Spitsyna, Nailya (2024-04-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369229">"Gene pool preservation across time and space In Mongolian-speaking Oirats"</a>. <i>European Journal of Human Genetics</i>. <b>32</b> (9): <span class="nowrap">1150–</span>1158. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41431-024-01588-w">10.1038/s41431-024-01588-w</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-5438">1476-5438</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11369229">11369229</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38605123">38605123</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Human+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Gene+pool+preservation+across+time+and+space+In+Mongolian-speaking+Oirats&amp;rft.volume=32&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1150-%3C%2Fspan%3E1158&amp;rft.date=2024-04-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11369229%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=1476-5438&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F38605123&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41431-024-01588-w&amp;rft.aulast=Balinova&amp;rft.aufirst=Natalia&amp;rft.au=Hudja%C5%A1ov%2C+Georgi&amp;rft.au=Pankratov%2C+Vasili&amp;rft.au=Pennarun%2C+Erwan&amp;rft.au=Reidla%2C+Maere&amp;rft.au=Metspalu%2C+Ene&amp;rft.au=Batyrov%2C+Valery&amp;rft.au=Khomyakova%2C+Irina&amp;rft.au=Reisberg%2C+Tuuli&amp;rft.au=Parik%2C+J%C3%BCri&amp;rft.au=Dzhaubermezov%2C+Murat&amp;rft.au=Aiyzhy%2C+Elena&amp;rft.au=Balinova%2C+Altana&amp;rft.au=El%E2%80%99chinova%2C+Galina&amp;rft.au=Spitsyna%2C+Nailya&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC11369229&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEYang;_et_al.2021-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEYang;_et_al.2021_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFYang;_et_al.2021">Yang; et al. 2021</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChangmaiPinhasiPietrusewskyStark2022" class="citation journal cs1">Changmai, Piya; Pinhasi, Ron; Pietrusewsky, Michael; Stark, Miriam T.; Ikehara-Quebral, Rona Michi; Reich, David; Flegontov, Pavel (2022-12-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9800559">"Ancient DNA from Protohistoric Period Cambodia indicates that South Asians admixed with local populations as early as 1st–3rd centuries CE"</a>. <i>Scientific Reports</i>. <b>12</b> (1): 22507. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2022NatSR..1222507C">2022NatSR..1222507C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41598-022-26799-3">10.1038/s41598-022-26799-3</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-2322">2045-2322</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9800559">9800559</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36581666">36581666</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Scientific+Reports&amp;rft.atitle=Ancient+DNA+from+Protohistoric+Period+Cambodia+indicates+that+South+Asians+admixed+with+local+populations+as+early+as+1st%E2%80%933rd+centuries+CE&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=22507&amp;rft.date=2022-12-29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9800559%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2022NatSR..1222507C&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36581666&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41598-022-26799-3&amp;rft.issn=2045-2322&amp;rft.aulast=Changmai&amp;rft.aufirst=Piya&amp;rft.au=Pinhasi%2C+Ron&amp;rft.au=Pietrusewsky%2C+Michael&amp;rft.au=Stark%2C+Miriam+T.&amp;rft.au=Ikehara-Quebral%2C+Rona+Michi&amp;rft.au=Reich%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Flegontov%2C+Pavel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9800559&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeWangZouYeh2023" class="citation journal cs1">He, Guang-Lin; Wang, Meng-Ge; Zou, Xing; Yeh, Hui-Yuan; Liu, Chang-Hui; Liu, Chao; Chen, Gang; Wang, Chuan-Chao (January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/jse.12827">"Extensive ethnolinguistic diversity at the crossroads of North China and South Siberia reflects multiple sources of genetic diversity"</a>. <i>Journal of Systematics and Evolution</i>. <b>61</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">230–</span>250. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fjse.12827">10.1111/jse.12827</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1674-4918">1674-4918</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:245849003">245849003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Systematics+and+Evolution&amp;rft.atitle=Extensive+ethnolinguistic+diversity+at+the+crossroads+of+North+China+and+South+Siberia+reflects+multiple+sources+of+genetic+diversity&amp;rft.volume=61&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E230-%3C%2Fspan%3E250&amp;rft.date=2023-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A245849003%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.issn=1674-4918&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fjse.12827&amp;rft.aulast=He&amp;rft.aufirst=Guang-Lin&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Meng-Ge&amp;rft.au=Zou%2C+Xing&amp;rft.au=Yeh%2C+Hui-Yuan&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Chang-Hui&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Chao&amp;rft.au=Chen%2C+Gang&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Chuan-Chao&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1111%2Fjse.12827&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSikoraPitulkoSousaAllentoft2019" class="citation journal cs1">Sikora, Martin; Pitulko, Vladimir V.; Sousa, Vitor C.; Allentoft, Morten E.; Vinner, Lasse; Rasmussen, Simon; Margaryan, Ashot; de Barros Damgaard, Peter; de la Fuente, Constanza; Renaud, Gabriel; Yang, Melinda A.; Fu, Qiaomei; Dupanloup, Isabelle; Giampoudakis, Konstantinos; Nogués-Bravo, David (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1279-z">"The population history of northeastern Siberia since the Pleistocene"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>570</b> (7760): <span class="nowrap">182–</span>188. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2019Natur.570..182S">2019Natur.570..182S</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1279-z">10.1038/s41586-019-1279-z</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F3198847">1887/3198847</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31168093">31168093</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:174809069">174809069</a>. <q>Most modern Siberian speakers of Neosiberian languages genetically fall on an East- West cline between Europeans and Early East Asians. Taking Even speakers as representatives, the Neosiberian turnover from the south, which largely replaced Ancient Paleosiberian ancestry, can be associated with the northward spread of Tungusic and probably also Turkic and Mongolic. However, the expansions of Tungusic as well as Turkic and Mongolic are too recent to be associable with the earliest waves of Neosiberian ancestry, dated later than ~11 kya, but discernible in the Baikal region from at least 6 kya onwards. Therefore, this phase of the Neosiberian population turnover must initially have transmitted other languages or language families into Siberia, including possibly Uralic and Yukaghir.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=The+population+history+of+northeastern+Siberia+since+the+Pleistocene&amp;rft.volume=570&amp;rft.issue=7760&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E182-%3C%2Fspan%3E188&amp;rft.date=2019&amp;rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F3198847&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A174809069%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2019Natur.570..182S&amp;rft.issn=1476-4687&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41586-019-1279-z&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F31168093&amp;rft.aulast=Sikora&amp;rft.aufirst=Martin&amp;rft.au=Pitulko%2C+Vladimir+V.&amp;rft.au=Sousa%2C+Vitor+C.&amp;rft.au=Allentoft%2C+Morten+E.&amp;rft.au=Vinner%2C+Lasse&amp;rft.au=Rasmussen%2C+Simon&amp;rft.au=Margaryan%2C+Ashot&amp;rft.au=de+Barros+Damgaard%2C+Peter&amp;rft.au=de+la+Fuente%2C+Constanza&amp;rft.au=Renaud%2C+Gabriel&amp;rft.au=Yang%2C+Melinda+A.&amp;rft.au=Fu%2C+Qiaomei&amp;rft.au=Dupanloup%2C+Isabelle&amp;rft.au=Giampoudakis%2C+Konstantinos&amp;rft.au=Nogu%C3%A9s-Bravo%2C+David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41586-019-1279-z&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General">General</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNimaev2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nimaev, Daba (2011). <i>Монгольские народы: Этническая история и современные этнокультурные процессы</i> &#91;<i>The Mongolic Peoples: Ethnic History and Contemporary Ethnocultural Processes</i>&#93; (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/OmniScriptum" title="OmniScriptum">Lambert Academic Publishing</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3843324403" title="Special:BookSources/978-3843324403"><bdi>978-3843324403</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B%3A+%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%B8+%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D1%8B&amp;rft.pub=Lambert+Academic+Publishing&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-3843324403&amp;rft.aulast=Nimaev&amp;rft.aufirst=Daba&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOchir2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Ochir, Taĭzhiud Ai︠u︡udaĭn (2008). Sh. Choĭmaa (ed.). <i>Монголчуудын гарал, нэршил</i> &#91;<i>On the origin of Mongolian family: clan names and ethnonyms</i>&#93; (in Mongolian). Ulaanbaatar: <a href="/wiki/International_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Nomadic_Civilizations" title="International Institute for the Study of Nomadic Civilizations">International Institute for the Study of Nomadic Civilizations</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789992959978" title="Special:BookSources/9789992959978"><bdi>9789992959978</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/505674246">505674246</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%87%D1%83%D1%83%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%2C+%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BB&amp;rft.place=Ulaanbaatar&amp;rft.pub=International+Institute+for+the+Study+of+Nomadic+Civilizations&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F505674246&amp;rft.isbn=9789992959978&amp;rft.aulast=Ochir&amp;rft.aufirst=Ta%C4%ADzhiud+Ai%EF%B8%A0u%EF%B8%A1uda%C4%ADn&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZhukovskaia2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Natalia_Zhukovskaia" title="Natalia Zhukovskaia">Zhukovskaia, Natalia L.</a> (2007) [1998]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZFdppTjTiMC&amp;pg=PA356">"Монгольские народы"</a> &#91;Mongolic peoples&#93;. In L.M. Mints (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LZFdppTjTiMC"><i>Народы мира: Энциклопедия &#91;Peoples of the World: an Encyclopedia&#93;</i></a> (in Russian). Moscow: OLMA Media Group. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">354–</span>356. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-373-01057-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-373-01057-3"><bdi>978-5-373-01057-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B+%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%3A+%D0%AD%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F+%5BPeoples+of+the+World%3A+an+Encyclopedia%5D&amp;rft.place=Moscow&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E354-%3C%2Fspan%3E356&amp;rft.pub=OLMA+Media+Group&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=978-5-373-01057-3&amp;rft.aulast=Zhukovskaia&amp;rft.aufirst=Natalia+L.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLZFdppTjTiMC%26pg%3DPA356&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Genetic_researches">Genetic researches</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Genetic researches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBai;_et_al.2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bai, Haihua; Guo, Xiaosen; Zhang, Dong; Narisu, Narisu; Bu, Junjie; Jirimutu, Jirimutu; Liang, Fan; Zhao, Xiang; Xing, Yanping; Wang, Dingzhu; Li, Tongda (2014-12-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evu242">"The Genome of a Mongolian Individual Reveals the Genetic Imprints of Mongolians on Modern Human Populations"</a>. <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>. <b>6</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">3122–</span>3136. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevu242">10.1093/gbe/evu242</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1759-6653">1759-6653</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4540083">4540083</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25377941">25377941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genome+Biology+and+Evolution&amp;rft.atitle=The+Genome+of+a+Mongolian+Individual+Reveals+the+Genetic+Imprints+of+Mongolians+on+Modern+Human+Populations&amp;rft.volume=6&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3122-%3C%2Fspan%3E3136&amp;rft.date=2014-12-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4540083%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=1759-6653&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25377941&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevu242&amp;rft.aulast=Bai&amp;rft.aufirst=Haihua&amp;rft.au=Guo%2C+Xiaosen&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Dong&amp;rft.au=Narisu%2C+Narisu&amp;rft.au=Bu%2C+Junjie&amp;rft.au=Jirimutu%2C+Jirimutu&amp;rft.au=Liang%2C+Fan&amp;rft.au=Zhao%2C+Xiang&amp;rft.au=Xing%2C+Yanping&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Dingzhu&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+Tongda&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevu242&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBai;_et_al.2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bai, Haihua; Guo, Xiaosen; Narisu, Narisu; Lan, Tianming; Wu, Qizhu; Xing, Yanping; Zhang, Yong; Bond, Stephen R.; Pei, Zhili; Zhang, Yanru; Zhang, Dandan (December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-018-0250-5">"Whole-genome sequencing of 175 Mongolians uncovers population-specific genetic architecture and gene flow throughout North and East Asia"</a>. <i>Nature Genetics</i>. <b>50</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1696–</span>1704. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fs41588-018-0250-5">10.1038/s41588-018-0250-5</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1546-1718">1546-1718</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30397334">30397334</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53222895">53222895</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Whole-genome+sequencing+of+175+Mongolians+uncovers+population-specific+genetic+architecture+and+gene+flow+throughout+North+and+East+Asia&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1696-%3C%2Fspan%3E1704&amp;rft.date=2018-12&amp;rft.issn=1546-1718&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53222895%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F30397334&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fs41588-018-0250-5&amp;rft.aulast=Bai&amp;rft.aufirst=Haihua&amp;rft.au=Guo%2C+Xiaosen&amp;rft.au=Narisu%2C+Narisu&amp;rft.au=Lan%2C+Tianming&amp;rft.au=Wu%2C+Qizhu&amp;rft.au=Xing%2C+Yanping&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yong&amp;rft.au=Bond%2C+Stephen+R.&amp;rft.au=Pei%2C+Zhili&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Yanru&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Dandan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41588-018-0250-5&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCardinali;_et_al.2022" class="citation journal cs1">Cardinali, Irene; Bodner, Martin; Capodiferro, Marco Rosario; Amory, Christina; Rambaldi Migliore, Nicola; Gomez, Edgar J.; Myagmar, Erdene; Dashzeveg, Tumen; Carano, Francesco; Woodward, Scott R.; Parson, Walther (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773455">"Mitochondrial DNA Footprints from Western Eurasia in Modern Mongolia"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Genetics</i>. <b>12</b>: 819337. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.819337">10.3389/fgene.2021.819337</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-8021">1664-8021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8773455">8773455</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35069708">35069708</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Mitochondrial+DNA+Footprints+from+Western+Eurasia+in+Modern+Mongolia&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.pages=819337&amp;rft.date=2022&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8773455%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=1664-8021&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F35069708&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.819337&amp;rft.aulast=Cardinali&amp;rft.aufirst=Irene&amp;rft.au=Bodner%2C+Martin&amp;rft.au=Capodiferro%2C+Marco+Rosario&amp;rft.au=Amory%2C+Christina&amp;rft.au=Rambaldi+Migliore%2C+Nicola&amp;rft.au=Gomez%2C+Edgar+J.&amp;rft.au=Myagmar%2C+Erdene&amp;rft.au=Dashzeveg%2C+Tumen&amp;rft.au=Carano%2C+Francesco&amp;rft.au=Woodward%2C+Scott+R.&amp;rft.au=Parson%2C+Walther&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8773455&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWang;_et_al.2021" class="citation journal cs1">Wang, Mengge; He, Guanglin; Gao, Shuang; Jia, Fuquan; Zou, Xing; Liu, Jing; Wang, Shouyu; Ye, Ziwei; Hou, Yiping; Wang, Zheng (2021-07-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2021.05.010">"Molecular genetic survey and forensic characterization of Chinese Mongolians via the 47 autosomal insertion/deletion marker"</a>. <i>Genomics</i>. <b>113</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">2199–</span>2210. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2021.05.010">10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.05.010</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0888-7543">0888-7543</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34022340">34022340</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:235126419">235126419</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Genomics&amp;rft.atitle=Molecular+genetic+survey+and+forensic+characterization+of+Chinese+Mongolians+via+the+47+autosomal+insertion%2Fdeletion+marker&amp;rft.volume=113&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2199-%3C%2Fspan%3E2210&amp;rft.date=2021-07-01&amp;rft.issn=0888-7543&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A235126419%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34022340&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.ygeno.2021.05.010&amp;rft.aulast=Wang&amp;rft.aufirst=Mengge&amp;rft.au=He%2C+Guanglin&amp;rft.au=Gao%2C+Shuang&amp;rft.au=Jia%2C+Fuquan&amp;rft.au=Zou%2C+Xing&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+Jing&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Shouyu&amp;rft.au=Ye%2C+Ziwei&amp;rft.au=Hou%2C+Yiping&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Zheng&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1016%252Fj.ygeno.2021.05.010&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYang;_et_al.2021" class="citation journal cs1">Yang, Xiaomin; Sarengaowa; He, Guanglin; Guo, Jianxin; Zhu, Kongyang; Ma, Hao; Zhao, Jing; Yang, Meiqing; Chen, Jing; Zhang, Xianpeng; Tao, Le (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8693022">"Genomic Insights Into the Genetic Structure and Natural Selection of Mongolians"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Genetics</i>. <b>12</b>: <span class="nowrap">735–</span>786. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.735786">10.3389/fgene.2021.735786</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-8021">1664-8021</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8693022">8693022</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34956310">34956310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Genomic+Insights+Into+the+Genetic+Structure+and+Natural+Selection+of+Mongolians&amp;rft.volume=12&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E735-%3C%2Fspan%3E786&amp;rft.date=2021&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8693022%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft.issn=1664-8021&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34956310&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffgene.2021.735786&amp;rft.aulast=Yang&amp;rft.aufirst=Xiaomin&amp;rft.au=Sarengaowa&amp;rft.au=He%2C+Guanglin&amp;rft.au=Guo%2C+Jianxin&amp;rft.au=Zhu%2C+Kongyang&amp;rft.au=Ma%2C+Hao&amp;rft.au=Zhao%2C+Jing&amp;rft.au=Yang%2C+Meiqing&amp;rft.au=Chen%2C+Jing&amp;rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xianpeng&amp;rft.au=Tao%2C+Le&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8693022&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Linguistics">Linguistics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Linguistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJanhunen2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Juha_Janhunen" title="Juha Janhunen">Janhunen, Juha</a>, ed. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/mongoliclanguage00janh"><i>The Mongolic languages</i></a>. Routledge Language Family Series. London; New York: Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1133-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7007-1133-8"><bdi>978-0-7007-1133-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mongolic+languages&amp;rft.place=London%3B+New+York&amp;rft.series=Routledge+Language+Family+Series&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-7007-1133-8&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmongoliclanguage00janh&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSvantessonTsendinaKarlssonFranzén2005" class="citation book cs1">Svantesson, Jan-Olof; Tsendina, Anna; Karlsson, Anastasia; Franzén, Vivan (2005). <i>The Phonology of Mongolian</i>. New York: Oxford University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Phonology+of+Mongolian&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.aulast=Svantesson&amp;rft.aufirst=Jan-Olof&amp;rft.au=Tsendina%2C+Anna&amp;rft.au=Karlsson%2C+Anastasia&amp;rft.au=Franz%C3%A9n%2C+Vivan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Religious_studies">Religious studies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Religious studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBalogh2010" class="citation journal cs1">Balogh, Matyas (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631361003779489">"Contemporary shamanisms in Mongolia"</a>. <i>Asian Ethnicity</i>. <b>11</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">229–</span>38. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14631361003779489">10.1080/14631361003779489</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145595446">145595446</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Asian+Ethnicity&amp;rft.atitle=Contemporary+shamanisms+in+Mongolia&amp;rft.volume=11&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E38&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14631361003779489&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145595446%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Balogh&amp;rft.aufirst=Matyas&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F14631361003779489&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBira2011" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Shagdaryn_Bira" title="Shagdaryn Bira">Bira, Shagdaryn</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BnsLmwEACAAJ"><i>Монголын тэнгэрийн үзэл: түүвэр зохиол, баримт бичгүүд</i></a> &#91;<i>Mongolian Tengerism: selected papers and documents</i>&#93; (in Mongolian). Ulaanbaatar: Sodpress. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789992955932" title="Special:BookSources/9789992955932"><bdi>9789992955932</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD+%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BD%D0%B3%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD+%D2%AF%D0%B7%D1%8D%D0%BB%3A+%D1%82%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80+%D0%B7%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%2C+%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%82+%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%B4&amp;rft.place=Ulaanbaatar&amp;rft.pub=Sodpress&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=9789992955932&amp;rft.aulast=Bira&amp;rft.aufirst=Shagdaryn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBnsLmwEACAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBumochir2014" class="citation journal cs1">Bumochir, D. (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14631369.2014.939331">"Institutionalization of Mongolian shamanism: from primitivism to civilization"</a>. <i>Asian Ethnicity</i>. <b>15</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">473–</span>91. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F14631369.2014.939331">10.1080/14631369.2014.939331</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:145329835">145329835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Asian+Ethnicity&amp;rft.atitle=Institutionalization+of+Mongolian+shamanism%3A+from+primitivism+to+civilization&amp;rft.volume=15&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E473-%3C%2Fspan%3E91&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14631369.2014.939331&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A145329835%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Bumochir&amp;rft.aufirst=D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F14631369.2014.939331&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeissig1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walther_Heissig" title="Walther Heissig">Heissig, Walther</a> (1980) [1970]. <i>The religions of Mongolia</i>. Translated by G. Samuel. London; Henley: Routledge; Kegan Paul. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7103-0685-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7103-0685-7"><bdi>0-7103-0685-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+religions+of+Mongolia&amp;rft.place=London%3B+Henley&amp;rft.pub=Routledge%3B+Kegan+Paul&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.isbn=0-7103-0685-7&amp;rft.aulast=Heissig&amp;rft.aufirst=Walther&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHumphreyOnon1996" class="citation book cs1">Humphrey, Caroline; Onon, Urgunge (1996). <i>Shamans and Elders: Experience, Knowledge, and Power among the Daur Mongols</i>. Oxford: Clarendon Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Shamans+and+Elders%3A+Experience%2C+Knowledge%2C+and+Power+among+the+Daur+Mongols&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.aulast=Humphrey&amp;rft.aufirst=Caroline&amp;rft.au=Onon%2C+Urgunge&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPettazzoni1956" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raffaele_Pettazzoni" title="Raffaele Pettazzoni">Pettazzoni, Raffaele</a> (1956) [1955]. "Turco-Mongols and Related Peoples". <i>The All-Knowing God. Researches into Early Religion and Culture</i>. Translated by H. J. Rose. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Turco-Mongols+and+Related+Peoples&amp;rft.btitle=The+All-Knowing+God.+Researches+into+Early+Religion+and+Culture&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.date=1956&amp;rft.aulast=Pettazzoni&amp;rft.aufirst=Raffaele&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuijadaGraberStephen2015" class="citation journal cs1">Quijada, Jastine B.; Graber, Kathryn E.; Stephen, Eric (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10758216.2015.1057040">"Finding "Their Own": Revitalizing Buryat Culture Through Shamanic Practices in Ulan-Ude"</a>. <i>Problems of Post-Communism</i>. <b>62</b> (5): <span class="nowrap">258–</span>72. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F10758216.2015.1057040">10.1080/10758216.2015.1057040</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143106014">143106014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Problems+of+Post-Communism&amp;rft.atitle=Finding+%22Their+Own%22%3A+Revitalizing+Buryat+Culture+Through+Shamanic+Practices+in+Ulan-Ude&amp;rft.volume=62&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E258-%3C%2Fspan%3E72&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F10758216.2015.1057040&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A143106014%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft.aulast=Quijada&amp;rft.aufirst=Jastine+B.&amp;rft.au=Graber%2C+Kathryn+E.&amp;rft.au=Stephen%2C+Eric&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F10758216.2015.1057040&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlehe2004" class="citation conference cs1">Schlehe, Judith (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q4olreTVoj0C&amp;pg=PA283">"Shamanism in Mongolia and in New Age Movements"</a>. In Rasuly-Paleczek, Gabriele (ed.). <i>Central Asia on Display: Proceedings of the VIIth Conference of the European Society for Central Asian Studies</i>. Vol.&#160;1. Vienna: <a href="/wiki/LIT_Verlag" title="LIT Verlag">LIT Verlag</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">283–</span>96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8258-8309-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-8258-8309-4"><bdi>3-8258-8309-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=conference&amp;rft.atitle=Shamanism+in+Mongolia+and+in+New+Age+Movements&amp;rft.btitle=Central+Asia+on+Display%3A+Proceedings+of+the+VIIth+Conference+of+the+European+Society+for+Central+Asian+Studies&amp;rft.place=Vienna&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E283-%3C%2Fspan%3E96&amp;rft.pub=LIT+Verlag&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=3-8258-8309-4&amp;rft.aulast=Schlehe&amp;rft.aufirst=Judith&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ4olreTVoj0C%26pg%3DPA283&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimamura2004" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ippei_Shimamura" title="Ippei Shimamura">Shimamura, Ippei</a> (2004). "Yellow Shamans (Mongolia)". In Walter, Mariko Namba; Neumann Fridman; Eva Jane (eds.). <i>Shamanism: An Encyclopedia of World Beliefs, Practices, and Culture</i>. Vol.&#160;1. Santa Barbara, Ca: <a href="/wiki/ABC-Clio" title="ABC-Clio">ABC-Clio</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">649–</span>51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781576076453" title="Special:BookSources/9781576076453"><bdi>9781576076453</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Yellow+Shamans+%28Mongolia%29&amp;rft.btitle=Shamanism%3A+An+Encyclopedia+of+World+Beliefs%2C+Practices%2C+and+Culture&amp;rft.place=Santa+Barbara%2C+Ca&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E649-%3C%2Fspan%3E51&amp;rft.pub=ABC-Clio&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=9781576076453&amp;rft.aulast=Shimamura&amp;rft.aufirst=Ippei&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mongolic_peoples&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBacon1951" class="citation book cs1">Bacon, Elizabeth Emaline (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lkVIAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Hazara Mongols of Afghanistan: A Study in Social Organization</i></a>. Berkeley, Ca: University of California.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Hazara+Mongols+of+Afghanistan%3A+A+Study+in+Social+Organization&amp;rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Ca&amp;rft.pub=University+of+California&amp;rft.date=1951&amp;rft.aulast=Bacon&amp;rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+Emaline&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlkVIAQAAMAAJ&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMongolic+peoples" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongolic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Mongol_ethnic_groups" title="Template:Mongol ethnic groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Mongol_ethnic_groups" title="Template talk:Mongol ethnic groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol_ethnic_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol ethnic groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongolic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mongolia" title="History of Mongolia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history" title="Timeline of Mongolian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Mongol heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_Grave_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Slab Grave culture">Slab Grave culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongolic_language" title="Proto-Mongolic language">Proto-Mongolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Medieval tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Mongol_clans" title="List of modern Mongol clans">Modern clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">Nomadic empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Mongolian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_symbol" title="Soyombo symbol">Soyombo symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhuan" title="Wuhuan">Wuhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumo_Xi" title="Kumo Xi">Kumo Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong" title="Murong">Murong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun" title="Tuyuhun">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Qifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiwei_people" title="Shiwei people">Shiwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didouyu" title="Didouyu">Didouyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yel%C3%BC" title="Yelü">Yelü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubu" title="Zubu">Zubu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Medieval tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamag_Mongol" title="Khamag Mongol">Khamag Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barga_Mongols" title="Barga Mongols">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlas" title="Barlas">Barlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayads" title="Bayads">Bayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonos_tribe" title="Chonos tribe">Chonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eljigin" title="Eljigin">Eljigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalairs" title="Jalairs">Jalair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katagans" title="Katagans">Katagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Kerait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khongirad" title="Khongirad">Khongirad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manghud" title="Manghud">Manghud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olkhonud" title="Olkhonud">Olkhonud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongud" title="Ongud">Ongud</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara%27unas" title="Qara&#39;unas">Qara'unas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taichiud" title="Taichiud">Taichiud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkhad" title="Darkhad">Darkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariganga_Mongols" title="Dariganga Mongols">Dariganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eljigin" title="Eljigin">Eljigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotogoid" title="Khotogoid">Khotogoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartuul" title="Sartuul">Sartuul</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Southern_Mongols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Southern Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asud" title="Asud">Asud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Dorbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Dorbet">Eastern Dorbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Czemchin_Mongols" title="Üzemchin Mongols">Üzemchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Uriankhai" title="Altai Uriankhai">Altai Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baatud" title="Baatud">Baatud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayads" title="Bayads">Bayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantuu" title="Chantuu">Chantuu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choros_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Choros people">Choros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rbet_Oirat" title="Dörbet Oirat">Dörbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khoton</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyk</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Buzava" title="Buzava">Buzava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myangad" title="Myangad">Myangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyks" title="Sart Kalmyks">Sart Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhchin" title="Zakhchin">Zakhchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barga_Mongols" title="Barga Mongols">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyot</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazara</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughal</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a> (<i>Yunnan Mongol</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvan</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Donghu_and_Xianbei" title="Template:Donghu and Xianbei">Donghu and Xianbei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Turco-Mongol" title="Template:Turco-Mongol">Turco-Mongol</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Mongol-speaking_ethnic_groups" title="Template:Modern Mongol-speaking ethnic groups">Modern ethnic groups</a><br /> <sup>*</sup>Mongolized ethnic groups.<sup>**</sup>Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Modern_Mongol-speaking_ethnic_groups" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Modern_Mongol-speaking_ethnic_groups" title="Template:Modern Mongol-speaking ethnic groups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Modern_Mongol-speaking_ethnic_groups" title="Template talk:Modern Mongol-speaking ethnic groups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Modern_Mongol-speaking_ethnic_groups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Modern Mongol-speaking ethnic groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Modern_Mongol-speaking_ethnic_groups" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Modern Mongol-speaking ethnic groups</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolic<br />ethnic<br />groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongol-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mongols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkhad" title="Darkhad">Darkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariganga_Mongols" title="Dariganga Mongols">Dariganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eljigin" title="Eljigin">Eljigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotogoid" title="Khotogoid">Khotogoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartuul" title="Sartuul">Sartuul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Southern_Mongols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Southern Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_Mongols" title="Abaga Mongols">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaganar" title="Abaganar">Abaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aohans" title="Aohans">Aohans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asud" title="Asud">Asud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahar_Mongols" class="mw-redirect" title="Chahar Mongols">Chahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Dorbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Dorbet">Eastern Dorbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khishigten" title="Khishigten">Khishigten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuuchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuuchid">Khuuchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaid" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaid">Jalaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muumyangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muumyangan">Muumyangan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naimans" title="Naimans">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnigud" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnigud">Onnigud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Czemchin_Mongols" title="Üzemchin Mongols">Üzemchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oirat_language" title="Oirat language">Oirat-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Oirats" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Uriankhai" title="Altai Uriankhai">Altai Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baatud" title="Baatud">Baatud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayads" title="Bayads">Bayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantuu" title="Chantuu">Chantuu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choros_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Choros people">Choros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rbet_Oirat" title="Dörbet Oirat">Dörbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dzungars">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khoton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyk</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Buzava" title="Buzava">Buzava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myangad" title="Myangad">Myangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyks" title="Sart Kalmyks">Sart Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhchin" title="Zakhchin">Zakhchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buryat_language" title="Buryat language">Buryat-speaking</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barga_Mongols" title="Barga Mongols">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonans" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonans">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a> (<i>Yunnan Mongol</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="East_Asia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Asian_topics" title="Template talk:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Asian_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Asian topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="East_Asia" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_countries" title="Category:East Asian countries">Countries and regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong" title="Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macau" title="Macau">Macau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">Mainland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_Islands" title="Ryukyu Islands">Ryukyu</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeju_Province" title="Jeju Province">Jeju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="10" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/80px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/120px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/160px-East_Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_people" title="East Asian people">Ethnic groups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainu_people" title="Ainu people">Ainu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yamato_people" title="Yamato people">Yamato</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans" title="Koreans">Koreans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_China" title="Koreans in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koreans_in_Japan" title="Koreans in Japan">in Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakhalin_Koreans" title="Sakhalin Koreans">in Sakhalin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mongolic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">in China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha in Mongolia</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyuans" title="Ryukyuans">Ryukyuans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples" title="Taiwanese indigenous peoples">Indigenous Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Tibetan people">Tibetans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">other ethnic groups in China</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unrecognized_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Unrecognized ethnic groups in China">unrecognized</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Chinese_history" title="Ethnic groups in Chinese history">historical</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Culture of East Asia">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">Age reckoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_architecture" title="Category:East Asian architecture">Architecture‎</a></li> <li>Art <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_art" title="Chinese art">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_art" title="Korean art">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_art" title="Taiwanese art">Taiwanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_blepharoplasty" title="East Asian blepharoplasty">Blepharoplasty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Buddhism" title="East Asian Buddhism">Buddhism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_calligraphy" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian calligraphy">Calligraphy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cinema" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cinema">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinosphere" title="Sinosphere">Sinosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Dance in East Asia">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_knotting" title="Chinese knotting">Chinese knotting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_dragon" title="Chinese dragon">Chinese dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cultural_festivals_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Cultural festivals in East Asia">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_design#East_Asian_gardens" title="Garden design">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_hip-and-gable_roof" title="East Asian hip-and-gable roof">Hip-and-gable roof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_East_Asia" title="Languages of East Asia">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_literature" title="East Asian literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_M%C4%81dhyamaka" title="East Asian Mādhyamaka">Mādhyamaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Music of East Asia">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_mythology" title="Category:East Asian mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_philosophy" title="Eastern philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_religions" title="East Asian religions">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_and_vertical_writing_in_East_Asian_scripts" title="Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts">Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_(East_Asia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal (East Asia)">Seal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sino-Xenic_pronunciations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sino-Xenic pronunciations">Sino-Xenic pronunciations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_East_Asian_surnames" title="Lists of East Asian surnames">Surnames</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Television in East Asia">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_typography" title="East Asian typography">Typography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Yog%C4%81c%C4%81ra" title="East Asian Yogācāra">Yogācāra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_zodiac" title="Chinese zodiac">Chinese zodiac</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Environment of East Asia">Environment</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Climate_Partnership" title="East Asia Climate Partnership">East Asia Climate Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Monsoon" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Monsoon">Monsoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_rainy_season" title="East Asian rainy season">Rainy season</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Asiatic_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Asiatic Region">Flora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_East_Asia" title="Economy of East Asia">Economy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Politics of East Asia">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93South_Korea_trilateral_summit" title="China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit">China–Japan–South Korea trilateral summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_Economic_Partnership_for_East_Asia" title="Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia">Comprehensive Economic Partnership for East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_model" title="East Asian model">Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Summit" title="East Asia Summit">East Asia Summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bureau_of_Economic_Research" title="East Asian Bureau of Economic Research">East Asian Bureau of Economic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Community" title="East Asian Community">East Asian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Asian_Tigers" title="Four Asian Tigers">Four Asian Tigers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_East_Asia" title="Human rights in East Asia">Human rights in East Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ports_and_harbors_of_the_Pacific_Ocean" title="List of ports and harbors of the Pacific Ocean">Ports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_stock_exchanges#East_Asian" title="List of Asian stock exchanges">Stock exchanges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_East_Asia" title="History of East Asia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeology of East Asia">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeological_cultures_of_East_Asia" title="Category:Archaeological cultures of East Asia">Archaeological cultures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Bronze_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asian Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Age#East_Asia" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Former_countries_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Former countries in East Asia">Former countries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Sport in East Asia">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Japan%E2%80%93Korea_Friendship_Athletic_Meeting" title="China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting">China–Japan–Korea Friendship Athletic Meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Football_Federation" title="East Asian Football Federation">East Asian Football Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Games" title="East Asian Games">East Asian Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Judo_Championships" title="East Asian Judo Championships">East Asian Judo Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_martial_arts" title="Category:East Asian martial arts">East Asian martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Youth_Games" title="East Asian Youth Games">East Asian Youth Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EAFF_E-1_Football_Championship" title="EAFF E-1 Football Championship">EAFF E-1 Football Championship</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Education in East Asia">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_East_Asian_Research_Universities" title="Association of East Asian Research Universities">Association of East Asian Research Universities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CrossAsia" title="CrossAsia">CrossAsia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_Economic_Review" title="East Asian Economic Review">East Asian Economic Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Image_Collection" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Image Collection">East Asia Image Collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Law_Review" class="mw-redirect" title="East Asia Law Review">East Asia Law Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_studies" title="East Asian studies">East Asian studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_East_Asian_Studies" title="Journal of East Asian Studies">Journal of East Asian Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asia_Institute_(Ludwigshafen)" title="East Asia Institute (Ludwigshafen)">Ludwigshafen East Asia Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Military in East Asia">Military</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horses_in_East_Asian_warfare" title="Horses in East Asian warfare">Horses in East Asian warfare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bansensh%C5%ABkai" title="Bansenshūkai">Bansenshūkai</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miyamoto_Musashi" title="Miyamoto Musashi">Miyamoto Musashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Tzu" title="Sun Tzu">Sun Tzu</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Five_Rings" title="The Book of Five Rings">The Book of Five Rings</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yi_Sun-sin" title="Yi Sun-sin">Yi Sun-sin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Science_and_technology_in_East_Asia" title="Category:Science and technology in East Asia">Science and technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Needham_Research_Institute" title="Needham Research Institute">Needham Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_printing_in_East_Asia" title="History of printing in East Asia">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_swords" title="Category:East Asian swords">Swords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:East_Asian_traditional_medicine" title="Category:East Asian traditional medicine">Traditional medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐f4dbf7c6b‐wmk7b Cached time: 20241231215132 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.942 seconds Real time usage: 1.115 seconds Preprocessor visited 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Trevor Ranson
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footballer</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-table vcard" style="line-height: 1.2em; width: 25em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-above fn">Trevor Ranson</th></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#003399; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.5em">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Full&#160;name</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> Vincent Trevor Ranson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> 29 March 1912</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Place of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale,_Tasmania" title="Scottsdale, Tasmania">Scottsdale, Tasmania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of death</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> 6 October 1996<span style="display:none">(1996-10-06)</span> (aged&#160;84)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Place of death</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> <a href="/wiki/Launceston,_Tasmania" title="Launceston, Tasmania">Launceston, Tasmania</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Original team(s)</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="vertical-align: baseline"> <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Football_Club" title="Launceston Football Club">Launceston</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Height</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> 187&#160;cm (6&#160;ft 2&#160;in)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Weight</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> 85&#160;kg (187&#160;lb)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Position(s)</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="vertical-align: baseline"> Defender</td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#003399; color: #ffffff; line-height: 1.5em">Playing career<sup>1</sup></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Years</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> <b>Club</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> <b>Games (Goals)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight: normal">1932–33, 1935–45</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Football_Club" title="Launceston Football Club">Launceston</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> 140 (?)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight: normal">1934</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club" title="St Kilda Football Club">St Kilda</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>2 (0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight: normal">1948</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale_Football_Club" title="Scottsdale Football Club">Scottsdale</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline"> <span aria-hidden="true" style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">00</span>? (?)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-full-data" style="vertical-align: baseline"> <div style="color:#555; font-size:90%"><sup>1</sup> Playing statistics correct to the end of 1948.</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-below" style="text-align: right"> Sources: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/T/Trevor_Ranson.html">AFL Tables</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://australianfootball.com/players/player/Trevor+Ranson/5805">AustralianFootball.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Vincent Trevor Ranson</b> (29 March 1912 &#8211; 6 October 1996<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) was an <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules footballer</a> who played for <a href="/wiki/Launceston_Football_Club" title="Launceston Football Club">Launceston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scottsdale_Football_Club" title="Scottsdale Football Club">Scottsdale</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Tasmanian_Football_Association_(1886%E2%80%931986)" title="Northern Tasmanian Football Association (1886–1986)">Northern Tasmanian Football Association</a> (NTFA) and <a href="/wiki/St_Kilda_Football_Club" title="St Kilda Football Club">St Kilda</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Football_League_(1897%E2%80%931989)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian Football League (1897–1989)">Victorian Football League</a> (VFL). He was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Tasmanian_Football_Hall_of_Fame" title="Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame">Tasmanian Football Hall of Fame</a> in 2005.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ranson appeared in the opening two rounds of the <a href="/wiki/1934_VFL_season" title="1934 VFL season">1934 VFL season</a> before succumbing to a knee injury. He then returned to his original club, Launceston, where he participated in seven premiership teams. A NTFA representative, Ranson also represented Tasmania at the <a href="/wiki/1933_Sydney_Carnival" title="1933 Sydney Carnival">1933 Sydney Carnival</a>. He played as a defender and won Launceston's 'Best and Fairest' award in 1937. Ranson captain-coached them to the 1945 premiership, and later joined Scottsdale as their inaugural captain-coach in 1948.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ranson also served in the Australian Army during World War II.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trevor_Ranson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/212938446/vincent-trevor-ranson">"Vincent Trevor Ranson"</a>. Find a Grave.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Vincent+Trevor+Ranson&amp;rft.pub=Find+a+Grave&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.findagrave.com%2Fmemorial%2F212938446%2Fvincent-trevor-ranson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrevor+Ranson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Holmesby, Russell; <a href="/wiki/Jim_Main" title="Jim Main">Main, Jim</a> (2014). <i>The Encyclopedia of AFL Footballers: every AFL/VFL player since 1897</i> (10th ed.). Melbourne, Victoria: Bas Publishing.&#160;p. 730. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-921496-32-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-921496-32-5">978-1-921496-32-5</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52629109">"SCOTTSDALE'S COACH"</a>. <i>The Examiner</i>. Launceston, Tasmania. 3 March 1948. p.&#160;10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Examiner&amp;rft.atitle=SCOTTSDALE%27S+COACH.&amp;rft.pages=10&amp;rft.date=1948-03-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnla.gov.au%2Fnla.news-article52629109&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrevor+Ranson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nominal-rolls.dva.gov.au/veteran?id=800506&amp;c=WW2#R">"World War II Roll: RANSON, Vincent Trevor"</a>. Department of Veterans Affairs.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=World+War+II+Roll%3A+RANSON%2C+Vincent+Trevor&amp;rft.pub=Department+of+Veterans+Affairs&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnominal-rolls.dva.gov.au%2Fveteran%3Fid%3D800506%26c%3DWW2%23R&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrevor+Ranson" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trevor_Ranson&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://afltables.com/afl/stats/players/T/Trevor_Ranson.html">Trevor Ranson's playing statistics</a> from AFL Tables</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sherrin-transparent.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sherrin-transparent.png/35px-Sherrin-transparent.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sherrin-transparent.png/53px-Sherrin-transparent.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Sherrin-transparent.png/70px-Sherrin-transparent.png 2x" data-file-width="148" data-file-height="96" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> biography of a person born in 1912 is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Trevor_Ranson&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Jack Smith (footballer, born 1882)
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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-table vcard" style="line-height: 1.2em; max-width: 420px !important;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="line-height: 1.2em;">Jack Smith</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Full name</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data nickname" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> John Smith</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> 1882</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Place of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Wednesfield" title="Wednesfield">Wednesfield</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Position(s)</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Forward_(association_football)" title="Forward (association football)">Forward</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Senior career*</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Years</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> <b><abbr title="League appearances">Apps</abbr></b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> <b>(<abbr title="League goals">Gls</abbr>)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> Cannock</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal"></span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Road_F.C." title="Stafford Road F.C.">Stafford Road</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1902–1906</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_Wanderers" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolverhampton Wanderers">Wolverhampton Wanderers</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> 104</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> (38)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1906–1907</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C." title="Birmingham City F.C.">Birmingham</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> 6</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> (1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1907–1908</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Rovers_F.C." title="Bristol Rovers F.C.">Bristol Rovers</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> 31</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> (10)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1908–1909</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Norwich_City_F.C." title="Norwich City F.C.">Norwich City</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1909–1911</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_F.C." title="Luton Town F.C.">Luton Town</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1911–1912</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Millwall_F.C." title="Millwall F.C.">Millwall</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">1912–19??</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-below" style="color:darkslategray; font-size:95%"> *Club domestic league appearances and goals</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>John Smith</b> (1882 – after 1911) was an English professional <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">footballer</a> who scored 39 goals in 110 appearances in <a href="/wiki/Football_League_First_Division" title="Football League First Division">First Division</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="The Football League">the Football League</a> playing for <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_Wanderers_F.C." title="Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.">Wolverhampton Wanderers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C." title="Birmingham City F.C.">Birmingham</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Joyce_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joyce-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He played as a <a href="/wiki/Forward_(association_football)" title="Forward (association football)">forward</a>. </p><p>Smith was born in <a href="/wiki/Wednesfield" title="Wednesfield">Wednesfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/Staffordshire" title="Staffordshire">Staffordshire</a>, and played for Cannock and for <a href="/wiki/Stafford_Road_F.C." title="Stafford Road F.C.">Stafford Road</a> before joining <a href="/wiki/Wolverhampton_Wanderers_F.C." title="Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C.">Wolverhampton Wanderers</a> in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthews125_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthews125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He scored twice on his debut in <a href="/wiki/The_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="The Football League">the Football League</a> on the opening day of the <a href="/wiki/1902%E2%80%9303_in_English_football" title="1902–03 in English football">1902–03 season</a>, in a 3–0 home win against <a href="/wiki/Derby_County_F.C." title="Derby County F.C.">Derby County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He continued to score at a respectable rate, and two seasons later was Wolves' leading scorer jointly with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Wooldridge" title="Billy Wooldridge">Billy Wooldridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In April 1906, with Wolves' <a href="/wiki/Promotion_and_relegation" title="Promotion and relegation">relegation</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Football_League_First_Division" title="Football League First Division">First Division</a> confirmed,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Smith joined fellow First Division club <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_F.C." title="Birmingham City F.C.">Birmingham</a>; they still had three games left to play, in which he contributed one goal.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, as a short, stocky man he did not fit in with Birmingham's style of play, and less than a year later he moved on, to <a href="/wiki/Southern_Football_League" title="Southern Football League">Southern League</a> club <a href="/wiki/Bristol_Rovers_F.C." title="Bristol Rovers F.C.">Bristol Rovers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthews125_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthews125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In his only season with Rovers he scored 10 goals in 31 Southern League games,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and then embarked on a tour of the Southern League, playing in turn for <a href="/wiki/Norwich_City_F.C." title="Norwich City F.C.">Norwich City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luton_Town_F.C." title="Luton Town F.C.">Luton Town</a>, <a href="/wiki/Millwall_F.C." title="Millwall F.C.">Millwall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Matthews125_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Matthews125-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jack_Smith_(footballer,_born_1882)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Joyce-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joyce_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJoyce2004" class="citation book cs1">Joyce, Michael (2004). <i>Football League Players' Records 1888 to 1939</i>. Nottingham: SoccerData. p.&#160;243. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-899468-67-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-899468-67-6"><bdi>978-1-899468-67-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Football+League+Players%27+Records+1888+to+1939&amp;rft.place=Nottingham&amp;rft.pages=243&amp;rft.pub=SoccerData&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-899468-67-6&amp;rft.aulast=Joyce&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Smith+%28footballer%2C+born+1882%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Matthews125-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Matthews125_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthews125_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Matthews125_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatthews1995" class="citation book cs1">Matthews, Tony (1995). <i>Birmingham City: A Complete Record</i>. Derby: Breedon Books. p.&#160;125. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85983-010-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85983-010-9"><bdi>978-1-85983-010-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Birmingham+City%3A+A+Complete+Record&amp;rft.place=Derby&amp;rft.pages=125&amp;rft.pub=Breedon+Books&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-85983-010-9&amp;rft.aulast=Matthews&amp;rft.aufirst=Tony&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Smith+%28footballer%2C+born+1882%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902141033/http://wolves-stats.webs.com/19021903.htm">"1902–1903"</a>. <i>Wolves Stats</i>. Stuart Heathcote. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wolves-stats.webs.com/19021903.htm">the original</a> on 2 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Wolves+Stats&amp;rft.atitle=1902%E2%80%931903&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwolves-stats.webs.com%2F19021903.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Smith+%28footballer%2C+born+1882%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222145834/http://wolves-stats.webs.com/19041905.htm">"1904–1905"</a>. <i>Wolves Stats</i>. Stuart Heathcote. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wolves-stats.webs.com/19041905.htm">the original</a> on 22 February 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Wolves+Stats&amp;rft.atitle=1904%E2%80%931905&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwolves-stats.webs.com%2F19041905.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Smith+%28footballer%2C+born+1882%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110902141420/http://wolves-stats.webs.com/19051906.htm">"1905–1906"</a>. <i>Wolves Stats</i>. Stuart Heathcote. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wolves-stats.webs.com/19051906.htm">the original</a> on 2 September 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Wolves+Stats&amp;rft.atitle=1905%E2%80%931906&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwolves-stats.webs.com%2F19051906.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Smith+%28footballer%2C+born+1882%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Matthews, p. 152.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByrneJay2003" class="citation book cs1">Byrne, Stephen &amp; Jay, Mike (2003). <i>Bristol Rovers Football Club - The Definitive History 1883-2003</i>. <a href="/wiki/Stroud,_Gloucestershire" class="mw-redirect" title="Stroud, Gloucestershire">Stroud</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tempus_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="Tempus Publishing">Tempus</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7524-2717-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7524-2717-2"><bdi>0-7524-2717-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Bristol+Rovers+Football+Club+-+The+Definitive+History+1883-2003&amp;rft.place=Stroud&amp;rft.pub=Tempus&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.isbn=0-7524-2717-2&amp;rft.aulast=Byrne&amp;rft.aufirst=Stephen&amp;rft.au=Jay%2C+Mike&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJack+Smith+%28footballer%2C+born+1882%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7845fc798d‐254r5 Cached time: 20241229014907 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.218 seconds Real time usage: 0.258 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3011/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27207/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2038/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 22804/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.118/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5242108/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 240.246 1 -total 38.42% 92.307 1 Template:Reflist 35.12% 84.370 1 Template:Infobox_football_biography 27.69% 66.525 3 Template:Cite_book 18.96% 45.552 1 Template:Short_description 11.60% 27.876 2 Template:Pagetype 4.31% 10.347 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 4.17% 10.020 3 Template:Cite_web 3.42% 8.208 5 Template:Main_other 3.37% 8.106 2 Template:DMCA --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22254457:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241229014907 and revision id 1179977823. 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Ralph Johnson (musician)
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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ralph Johnson (musician)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%86%DB%8C)" title="رالف جونسون (شارکیچی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رالف جونسون (شارکیچی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_(Musiker)" title="Ralph Johnson (Musiker) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ralph Johnson (Musiker)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Johnson" title="Ralph Johnson – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ralph Johnson" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_(musicista)" title="Ralph Johnson (musicista) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ralph Johnson (musicista)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%85%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%89_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7)" title="رالف جونسون (مغنى من امريكا) – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رالف جونسون (مغنى من امريكا)" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div 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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other people named Ralph Johnson, see <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Johnson_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Ralph Johnson (disambiguation)">Ralph Johnson (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="fn">Ralph Johnson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Johnson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Johnson in 2023"><img alt="Johnson in 2023" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ralph_Johnson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/220px-Ralph_Johnson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ralph_Johnson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/330px-Ralph_Johnson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Ralph_Johnson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/440px-Ralph_Johnson_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1721" data-file-height="2377" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Johnson in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de">Background information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1951-07-04</span>) </span>July 4, 1951<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;73)</span><br />Los Angeles, California, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R%26B" title="R&amp;B">R&amp;B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role">Musician, <a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">producer</a>, singer, songwriter, author</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instruments</th><td class="infobox-data note">Vocals, drums, percussions, <a href="/wiki/Electronic_keyboard" title="Electronic keyboard">keyboards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drum_machine" title="Drum machine">drum machine</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1972–present</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.earthwindandfire.com/">https://www.earthwindandfire.com/</a></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="width: 320px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ralph-johnson"><i>Oral History, Ralph Johnson shares how he met Maurice White and joined Earth, Wind and Fire.</i> Interview date September 2, 2014, NAMM (National Association of Music Merchants) Oral History Library</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ralph Randolph Johnson</b> (born July 4, 1951) is an American singer, songwriter, musician and <a href="/wiki/Musical_producer" class="mw-redirect" title="Musical producer">producer</a>. Johnson is a member and percussionist of the <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>/<a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>/<a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a> band <a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Feature_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feature-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vid_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vid-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Johnson was born and raised in Los Angeles. His father was a lyricist and his mother was a vocalist, and they had music always playing in their home. At the age of eight years old Johnson received his first snare drum and drum lesson. Johnson developed a love of R&amp;B music, listening mainly to <a href="/wiki/Motown" title="Motown">Motown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stax_Records" title="Stax Records">Stax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sly_and_the_Family_Stone" title="Sly and the Family Stone">Sly and the Family Stone</a>. He played in elementary, junior high and high school bands. At age 13, he attended a James Brown concert, which was his first live concert and was amazed by the three drum sets on the stage. In 1965, Johnson's brother introduced him to the world of Jazz. He joined local bands "The Teen Turbans" and "The Masters Children".<sup id="cite_ref-Feature_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feature-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vid_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vid-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Earth,_Wind_and_Fire"><span id="Earth.2C_Wind_and_Fire"></span>Earth, Wind and Fire</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Earth, Wind and Fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ralph_Johnson_(musician).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ralph_Johnson_%28musician%29.jpg/220px-Ralph_Johnson_%28musician%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ralph_Johnson_%28musician%29.jpg/330px-Ralph_Johnson_%28musician%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Ralph_Johnson_%28musician%29.jpg/440px-Ralph_Johnson_%28musician%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption>Johnson, left, performing with Earth Wind and Fire in 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1971, musician <a href="/wiki/Maurice_White" title="Maurice White">Maurice White</a> the founder and bandleader of <a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a>, dismantled his band after recording two albums for <a href="/wiki/Warner_Bros._Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner Bros. Records">Warner Bros. Records</a>, leaving just him and his brother, bassist <a href="/wiki/Verdine_White" title="Verdine White">Verdine White</a>. In December 1971, after White saw Johnson playing at a club in Los Angeles, he called and asked Johnson to audition for a new line up of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire. White added Johnson, vocalist Helena Davis, vocalist <a href="/wiki/Philip_Bailey" title="Philip Bailey">Phillip Bailey</a>, flutist <a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Laws" title="Ronnie Laws">Ronnie Laws</a>, keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Larry_Dunn" title="Larry Dunn">Larry Dunn</a>, and rhythm guitarist <a href="/wiki/Roland_Bautista" title="Roland Bautista">Roland Bautista</a> to his new line up. Vocalist <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Cleaves" title="Jessica Cleaves">Jessica Cleave</a> a former member of <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_Distinction" class="mw-redirect" title="Friends of Distinction">Friends of Distinction</a> soon replaced Davis. The new members along with the White brothers, became the new version of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire. In 1972, they left Warner Bros. and recorded their album, "The Last Days and Times" for <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">CBS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Feature_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Feature-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vid_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vid-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an Earth, Wind &amp; Fire percussionist, Johnson was inducted into the <a href="/wiki/Rock_%26_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="Rock &amp; Roll Hall of Fame">Rock &amp; Roll Hall of Fame</a>, received 6 <a href="/wiki/Grammy" class="mw-redirect" title="Grammy">Grammy</a> wins and 2 honorary Grammys, received a Star on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Walk_of_Fame" title="Hollywood Walk of Fame">Hollywood Walk of Fame</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> earned 50 platinum and gold RIAA awards,<sup id="cite_ref-Gold_&amp;_Platinum_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold_&amp;_Platinum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 4 American Music Awards, and have sold over 90 million in record sales making them one of the world's best-selling bands of all time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Solo_projects">Solo projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Solo projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2000, Johnson traveled to Copenhagen, Denmark with <a href="/wiki/Morris_Pleasure" title="Morris Pleasure">Morris Pleasure</a> to start a new conceptual jazz project. The members of jazz ensemble known as, "Audio Caviar", were Johnson, Pleasure and Steen Kyed. The band release an album entitled, "Transoceanic", that featured guest artists including, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hewett" title="Howard Hewett">Howard Hewett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Janet_Jackson" title="Janet Jackson">Janet Jackson</a>, Johnson's bandmate, <a href="/wiki/Phillip_Bailey" class="mw-redirect" title="Phillip Bailey">Phillip Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Butler" title="Jonathan Butler">Jonathan Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Duke" title="George Duke">George Duke</a> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Audio_Caviar_–_Transoceanic_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Audio_Caviar_–_Transoceanic-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2014, Johnson teamed up with singer and writer, <a href="/wiki/Siedah_Garrett" title="Siedah Garrett">Siedah Garrett</a> and released a Christmas song entitled, "Have a Very Merry Christmas" written by Johnson, Garrett, Erik Nuri and Raymond Crossley.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The song was featured in the 2019 film, "<a href="/wiki/Holiday_Rush" title="Holiday Rush">Holiday Rush</a>" starring singer <a href="/wiki/Darlene_Love" title="Darlene Love">Darlene Love</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2019, Johnson released a solo project entitled, "Co-Swagit (Everything's Cool)".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2020, Johnson and jazz pianist <a href="/wiki/Gerald_Clayton" title="Gerald Clayton">Gerald Clayton</a> released a single entitled, "Smooth and You" written by Johnson, Raymond Crossley, Gerald Clayton, and D. Stone. The song was produced by Johnson and Crossley.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Johnson has worked with a wide range of artists in different capacities. As a percussionist on <a href="/wiki/Blue_Magic_(band)" title="Blue Magic (band)">Blue Magic</a>'s 1978 album Message From The Magic<sup id="cite_ref-discogs.com_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discogs.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Turrentine" title="Stanley Turrentine">Stanley Turrentine</a>'s 1981 album <a href="/wiki/Tender_Togetherness" title="Tender Togetherness">Tender Togetherness</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic.com_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He worked as a producer on <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a> 1984 album <a href="/wiki/Truly_For_You" class="mw-redirect" title="Truly For You">Truly For You</a> and <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hewett" title="Howard Hewett">Howard Hewett</a>'s 2008 album Howard Hewett Christmas.<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_Hewett_Christmas_–_Howard_He_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard_Hewett_Christmas_–_Howard_He-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Johnson also worked with Drake, Nathan East, and <a href="/wiki/Meghan_Trainor" title="Meghan Trainor">Meghan Trainor</a><sup id="cite_ref-A_Very_Trainor_Christmas_–_Meghan_T_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Very_Trainor_Christmas_–_Meghan_T-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and others.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When Johnson is not on the road, he is an assistant karate instructor at his teacher, Mark Zacharatos', school. Johnson holds two Blackbelt Degrees. A 1st Degree Tang Soo Do and a 3rd Degree in Kung Fu Sansoo. He is a certified scuba diver with an advanced open water certification and a student pilot. Johnson is a tremendous lover of jazz and an art collector.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rainemagazine.com_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rainemagazine.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="With_Earth,_Wind_and_Fire"><span id="With_Earth.2C_Wind_and_Fire"></span>With Earth, Wind and Fire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: With Earth, Wind and Fire"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_discography" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire discography">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire discography</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_projects">Other projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Other projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1978 – <a href="/wiki/Blue_Magic_(band)" title="Blue Magic (band)">Blue Magic</a>, "Message From The Magic" album (Drums)<sup id="cite_ref-discogs.com_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discogs.com-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1981 – <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Turrentine" title="Stanley Turrentine">Stanley Turrentine</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Tender_Togetherness" title="Tender Togetherness">Tender Togetherness</a>" (Percussion)<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic.com_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic.com-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1984 – <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a>, "Treat Her Like A Lady" single (co-producer)<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2001 – Jay-Z sampled Johnson's song entitled, "Song Cry" which was on his first Blueprint CD.<sup id="cite_ref-rainemagazine.com_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rainemagazine.com-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003 – Audio Caviar, (Album) "Transoceanic" (Performer, Percussion, Drums, co-arranger, Co-writer and Co-producer).<sup id="cite_ref-Audio_Caviar_–_Transoceanic_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Audio_Caviar_–_Transoceanic-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 – <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hewett" title="Howard Hewett">Howard Hewett</a>, "Howard Hewett Christmas" (Audio Production, Drums, Main Personnel)<sup id="cite_ref-Howard_Hewett_Christmas_–_Howard_He_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Howard_Hewett_Christmas_–_Howard_He-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2014 – Johnson and Siedah Garette, "Have A Very Merry Christmas" (Co-writer and performer)</li> <li>2016 – <a href="/wiki/Nathan_East" title="Nathan East">Nathan East</a>, "Serpentine Fire" (Featured Artist, Vocals)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2017 – <a href="/wiki/Nathan_East" title="Nathan East">Nathan East</a>, "Reverence" (Featured Artist, Percussion)<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 – Johnson, "Co-Swagit (Everything's Cool)" (Writer, Performer)<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020 – <a href="/wiki/Meghan_Trainor" title="Meghan Trainor">Meghan Trainor</a>, " "Holidays" off of her album, "A Very Trainor Christmas" (Composer, Percussion)<sup id="cite_ref-A_Very_Trainor_Christmas_–_Meghan_T_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-A_Very_Trainor_Christmas_–_Meghan_T-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020 – Drake, "When to Say When" (Composer)<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2020 – Ralph Johnson and Eric Clayton, "Smooth and You" (Co-writer and Co-producer)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards">Awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Earth,_Wind,_%26_Fire" title="List of awards and nominations received by Earth, Wind, &amp; Fire">List of awards and nominations received by Earth, Wind, &amp; Fire</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RIAA_Awards">RIAA Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: RIAA Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Multi-platinum albums<sup id="cite_ref-Gold_&amp;_Platinum_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gold_&amp;_Platinum-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>1975 – That's The Way of the World</li> <li>1975 – Gratitude</li> <li>1976 – Spirit</li></ul> <p>Platinum albums </p> <ul><li>1973 – Head to the Sky</li> <li>1974 – Open Our Eyes</li> <li>1981 – Raise!</li></ul> <p>Gold albums </p> <ul><li>1980 – Faces</li> <li>1983 – Powerlight</li> <li>1987 – Touch The World</li> <li>1988 – The Best Of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire Vol. II</li> <li>2003 – The Essential Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</li></ul> <p>Gold singles </p> <ul><li>1975 – Shining Star</li> <li>1975 – Singasong</li> <li>1976 – Getaway</li> <li>1978 – September</li> <li>1978 – Got To Get You into My Life</li> <li>1979 – Boogie Wonderland</li> <li>1979 – After The Love Has Gone</li> <li>1981 – Let's Groove</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inductions">Inductions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Inductions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1995 – Star on Hollywood's Walk Of Fame<sup id="cite_ref-Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2000 – Rock &amp; Roll Hall Of Fame<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2003 – Inducted into Hollywood's RockWalk</li> <li>2003 – Inducted into The Vocal Group Hall Of Fame<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2012 – Beacon of Change award at the Beacon Awards Banquet<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2019 – Kennedy Center Honors<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grammy_Awards">Grammy Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Grammy Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2016 – Lifetime Achievement Award<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2008 – GRAMMY Hall Of Fame, "Shining Star"</li> <li>2004 – NARAS Signature Governors Award</li> <li>1982 – Best R&amp;B Performance by a Duo Or Group With Vocals, "Wanna Be With You"<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1979 – Best R&amp;B Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group Or Chorus, "After The Love Has Gone"</li> <li>1979 – Best R&amp;B Instrumental Performance, "Boogie Wonderland"</li> <li>1978 – Best R&amp;B Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group Or Chorus, "All 'n All"</li> <li>1978 – Best R&amp;B Instrumental Performance, "Runnin'"</li> <li>1975 – Best R&amp;B Vocal Performance by a Duo, Group Or Chorus, "Shining Star"</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="American_Music_Awards">American Music Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: American Music Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1976 – Favorite Band, Duo Or Group – Soul/Rhythm &amp; Blues<sup id="cite_ref-earthwindandfire.com_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earthwindandfire.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>1977 – Favorite Band, Duo Or Group- Soul/Rhythm &amp; Blues</li> <li>1978 – Favorite Band, Duo Or Group- Soul/Rhythm &amp; Blues</li> <li>1980 – Favorite Band, Duo Or Group- Soul/Rhythm &amp; Blues</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_awards">Other awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Other awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>1994 – NAACP Hall Of Fame Image Award<sup id="cite_ref-earthwindandfire.com_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-earthwindandfire.com-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>2002 – BET Lifetime Achievement Award</li> <li>2002 – ASCAP Rhythm &amp; Soul Heritage Award</li> <li>2002 – TV Land's Entertainer Award</li> <li>2008 – Honorary Doctorates in the arts from Columbia College in Chicago<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Feature-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Feature_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feature_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Feature_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSchultz,_Drew" class="citation web cs1">Schultz, Drew. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moderndrummer.com/article/may-2012-earth-wind-fires-ralph-johnson/">"Earth, Wind &amp; Fire's Ralph Johnson"</a>. <i>moderndrummer.com</i>. <a href="/wiki/Modern_Drummer" title="Modern Drummer">Modern Drummer</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=moderndrummer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Earth%2C+Wind+%26+Fire%27s+Ralph+Johnson&amp;rft.au=Schultz%2C+Drew&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moderndrummer.com%2Farticle%2Fmay-2012-earth-wind-fires-ralph-johnson%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vid-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vid_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vid_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vid_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.namm.org/library/oral-history/ralph-johnson">"Ralph Johnson"</a>. <i>NAMM.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NAMM.org&amp;rft.atitle=Ralph+Johnson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.namm.org%2Flibrary%2Foral-history%2Fralph-johnson&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/earth-wind-fire-mn0000135273/biography">"Earth, Wind &amp; Fire | Biography &amp; History"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Earth%2C+Wind+%26+Fire+%7C+Biography+%26+History&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fearth-wind-fire-mn0000135273%2Fbiography&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://walkoffame.com/earth-wind-fire/">"Earth, Wind &amp; Fire"</a>. <i>Hollywood Walk of Fame</i>. October 25, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hollywood+Walk+of+Fame&amp;rft.atitle=Earth%2C+Wind+%26+Fire&amp;rft.date=2019-10-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwalkoffame.com%2Fearth-wind-fire%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gold_&amp;_Platinum-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gold_&amp;_Platinum_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gold_&amp;_Platinum_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.riaa.com/gold-platinum/?tab_active=default-award&amp;se=Earth%2C+Wind+%26+fire#search_section">"Gold &amp; Platinum"</a>. <i>RIAA</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=RIAA&amp;rft.atitle=Gold+%26+Platinum&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.riaa.com%2Fgold-platinum%2F%3Ftab_active%3Ddefault-award%26se%3DEarth%252C%2BWind%2B%2526%2Bfire%23search_section&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmmawards.com/advisory-board/ralph-johnson/">"Media Awards"</a>. <i>www.hmmawards.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.hmmawards.com&amp;rft.atitle=Media+Awards&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmmawards.com%2Fadvisory-board%2Fralph-johnson%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Audio_Caviar_–_Transoceanic-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Audio_Caviar_–_Transoceanic_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Audio_Caviar_–_Transoceanic_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/Audio-Caviar-Transoceanic/release/11974352">"Audio Caviar – Transoceanic"</a>. <i>Discogs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=SoulTracks+%E2%80%93+Soul+Music+Biographies%2C+News+and+Reviews&amp;rft.atitle=Transoceanic+%282007%29&amp;rft.date=2007-10-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.soultracks.com%2Freview-audio_caviar-transoceanic&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trvcountdown.com/2020/12/10/trv-countdown-video-of-the-day-ralph-johnson-featuring-siedah-garrett-have-a-very-merry-christmas/">"TRV Countdown Video of the Day – Ralph Johnson Featuring Siedah Garrett "Have A Very Merry Christmas"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>TRV Countdown</i>. December 10, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TRV+Countdown&amp;rft.atitle=TRV+Countdown+Video+of+the+Day+%E2%80%93+Ralph+Johnson+Featuring+Siedah+Garrett+%22Have+A+Very+Merry+Christmas%22&amp;rft.date=2020-12-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrvcountdown.com%2F2020%2F12%2F10%2Ftrv-countdown-video-of-the-day-ralph-johnson-featuring-siedah-garrett-have-a-very-merry-christmas%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10091530/soundtrack">"Holiday Rush (2019) – IMDb"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IMDb" title="IMDb">IMDb</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMDb&amp;rft.atitle=Holiday+Rush+%282019%29+%E2%80%93+IMDb&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Ftitle%2Ftt10091530%2Fsoundtrack&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/co-swagit-everythings-cool-mw0003298253/credits">"Co-Swagit (Everything's Cool) – Ralph Johnson | Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Co-Swagit+%28Everything%27s+Cool%29+%E2%80%93+Ralph+Johnson+%7C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fco-swagit-everythings-cool-mw0003298253%2Fcredits&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.shazam.com/track/510872866/smooth-and-you">"Shazam"</a>. <i>Shazam</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Shazam&amp;rft.atitle=Shazam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.shazam.com%2Ftrack%2F510872866%2Fsmooth-and-you&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discogs.com-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-discogs.com_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-discogs.com_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/Blue-Magic-Message-From-The-Magic/master/690843">"Blue Magic – Message From The Magic"</a>. <i>Discogs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Discogs&amp;rft.atitle=Blue+Magic+%E2%80%93+Message+From+The+Magic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FBlue-Magic-Message-From-The-Magic%2Fmaster%2F690843&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic.com-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic.com_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic.com_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/tender-togetherness-mw0000210450/credits">"Tender Togetherness – Stanley Turrentine | Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Tender+Togetherness+%E2%80%93+Stanley+Turrentine+%7C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Ftender-togetherness-mw0000210450%2Fcredits&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Howard_Hewett_Christmas_–_Howard_He-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_Hewett_Christmas_–_Howard_He_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Howard_Hewett_Christmas_–_Howard_He_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/howard-hewett-christmas-mw0000798920">"Howard Hewett Christmas – Howard Hewett | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Howard+Hewett+Christmas+%E2%80%93+Howard+Hewett+%7C+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fhoward-hewett-christmas-mw0000798920&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-A_Very_Trainor_Christmas_–_Meghan_T-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-A_Very_Trainor_Christmas_–_Meghan_T_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-A_Very_Trainor_Christmas_–_Meghan_T_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/a-very-trainor-christmas-mw0003422402">"A Very Trainor Christmas – Meghan Trainor | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=A+Very+Trainor+Christmas+%E2%80%93+Meghan+Trainor+%7C+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fa-very-trainor-christmas-mw0003422402&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/artist/ralph-johnson-mn0000867420/credits">"Ralph Johnson | Credits"</a>. <i>AllMusic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Ralph+Johnson+%7C+Credits&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Fartist%2Fralph-johnson-mn0000867420%2Fcredits&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0426023/bio#trivia">"Ralph Johnson"</a>. <i>IMDb</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IMDb&amp;rft.atitle=Ralph+Johnson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imdb.com%2Fname%2Fnm0426023%2Fbio%23trivia&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hmmawards.com/advisory-board/ralph-johnson/">"Music Media Awards"</a>. <i>www.hmmawards.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.hmmawards.com&amp;rft.atitle=Music+Media+Awards&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hmmawards.com%2Fadvisory-board%2Fralph-johnson%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rainemagazine.com-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rainemagazine.com_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rainemagazine.com_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rainemagazine.com/daily-raine/meet-legacy-ralph-johnson-of-earth-wind-and-fire">"Meet Legacy Ralph Johnson of Earth, Wind, and Fire"</a>. <i>Raine Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Raine+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Meet+Legacy+Ralph+Johnson+of+Earth%2C+Wind%2C+and+Fire&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frainemagazine.com%2Fdaily-raine%2Fmeet-legacy-ralph-johnson-of-earth-wind-and-fire&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/The-Temptations-Treat-Her-Like-A-Lady-/release/8170370">"The Temptations – Treat Her Like A Lady"</a>. <i>Discogs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Discogs&amp;rft.atitle=The+Temptations+%E2%80%93+Treat+Her+Like+A+Lady&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FThe-Temptations-Treat-Her-Like-A-Lady-%2Frelease%2F8170370&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/release/6168992">"Audio Caviar – Transoceanic"</a>. <i>Discogs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Discogs&amp;rft.atitle=Audio+Caviar+%E2%80%93+Transoceanic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2Frelease%2F6168992&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/serpentine-fire-mw0003006029/credits">"Serpentine Fire – Nathan East | Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Serpentine+Fire+%E2%80%93+Nathan+East+%7C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fserpentine-fire-mw0003006029%2Fcredits&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/reverence-mw0003003350/credits">"Reverence – Nathan East | Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Reverence+%E2%80%93+Nathan+East+%7C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Freverence-mw0003003350%2Fcredits&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/co-swagit-everythings-cool-mw0003298253">"Co-Swagit (Everything's Cool) – Ralph Johnson | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Co-Swagit+%28Everything%27s+Cool%29+%E2%80%93+Ralph+Johnson+%7C+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fco-swagit-everythings-cool-mw0003298253&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/dark-lane-demo-tapes-mw0003381284">"Dark Lane Demo Tapes – Drake | Songs, Reviews, Credits | AllMusic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AllMusic&amp;rft.atitle=Dark+Lane+Demo+Tapes+%E2%80%93+Drake+%7C+Songs%2C+Reviews%2C+Credits+%7C+AllMusic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fdark-lane-demo-tapes-mw0003381284&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rockhall.com/inductees/earth-wind-and-fire">"Earth, Wind and Fire | Rock &amp; Roll Hall of Fame"</a>. <i>www.rockhall.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.rockhall.com&amp;rft.atitle=Earth%2C+Wind+and+Fire+%7C+Rock+%26+Roll+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rockhall.com%2Finductees%2Fearth-wind-and-fire&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vocalgroup.org/Inductees/earth-wind-and-fire/">"The Vocal Group Hall Of Fame | Earth, Wind and Fire"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Vocal+Group+Hall+Of+Fame+%7C+Earth%2C+Wind+and+Fire&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvocalgroup.org%2FInductees%2Fearth-wind-and-fire%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/news/don-newcombe-to-receive-major-league-baseballs-beacon-of-hope-award/c-36856692">"Don Newcombe to receive Major League Baseball's Beacon of Hope Award"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MLB.com&amp;rft.atitle=Don+Newcombe+to+receive+Major+League+Baseball%27s+Beacon+of+Hope+Award&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fdon-newcombe-to-receive-major-league-baseballs-beacon-of-hope-award%2Fc-36856692&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDecember_9" class="citation web cs1">December 9, CBS News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbsnews.com/news/kennedy-center-honors-earth-wind-and-fire-ralph-johnson-philip-bailey-verdine-white/">"Kennedy Center honorees Earth Wind &amp; Fire on their "message of hope and love and respect"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>www.cbsnews.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.cbsnews.com&amp;rft.atitle=Kennedy+Center+honorees+Earth+Wind+%26+Fire+on+their+%22message+of+hope+and+love+and+respect%22&amp;rft.aulast=December+9&amp;rft.aufirst=CBS+News&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbsnews.com%2Fnews%2Fkennedy-center-honors-earth-wind-and-fire-ralph-johnson-philip-bailey-verdine-white%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsone.com/3896681/earth-wind-fire-kennedy-honors/">"Earth, Wind &amp; Fire Makes History By Becoming The First Black Group Inducted Into Kennedy Honors"</a>. <i>NewsOne</i>. December 15, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NewsOne&amp;rft.atitle=Earth%2C+Wind+%26+Fire+Makes+History+By+Becoming+The+First+Black+Group+Inducted+Into+Kennedy+Honors&amp;rft.date=2019-12-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsone.com%2F3896681%2Fearth-wind-fire-kennedy-honors%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/news/earth-wind-fires-shining-star">"Earth, Wind &amp; Fire's Shining Star"</a>. <i>GRAMMY.com</i>. February 13, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GRAMMY.com&amp;rft.atitle=Earth%2C+Wind+%26+Fire%27s+Shining+Star&amp;rft.date=2016-02-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fnews%2Fearth-wind-fires-shining-star&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/ralph-johnson/13664">"Ralph Johnson"</a>. <i>GRAMMY.com</i>. November 23, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GRAMMY.com&amp;rft.atitle=Ralph+Johnson&amp;rft.date=2020-11-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.grammy.com%2Fgrammys%2Fartists%2Fralph-johnson%2F13664&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-earthwindandfire.com-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-earthwindandfire.com_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-earthwindandfire.com_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120220090440/http://www.earthwindandfire.com/bio_awards.html">"The Official Earth, Wind &amp; Fire Website"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Official+Earth%2C+Wind+%26+Fire+Website&amp;rft.date=2012-02-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.earthwindandfire.com%2Fbio_awards.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSauro" class="citation web cs1">Sauro, Tony. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.recordnet.com/article/20080612/A_ENTERTAIN/806120310">"Shining stars: Earth, Wind and Fire"</a>. <i>recordnet.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=recordnet.com&amp;rft.atitle=Shining+stars%3A+Earth%2C+Wind+and+Fire&amp;rft.aulast=Sauro&amp;rft.aufirst=Tony&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.recordnet.com%2Farticle%2F20080612%2FA_ENTERTAIN%2F806120310&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARalph+Johnson+%28musician%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ralph_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Verdine_White" title="Verdine White">Verdine White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Bailey" title="Philip Bailey">Philip Bailey</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ralph Johnson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_White" title="Maurice White">Maurice White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_Flemons" title="Wade Flemons">Wade Flemons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roland_Bautista" title="Roland Bautista">Roland Bautista</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessica_Cleaves" title="Jessica Cleaves">Jessica Cleaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Dunn" title="Larry Dunn">Larry Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronnie_Laws" title="Ronnie Laws">Ronnie Laws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_McKay" title="Al McKay">Al McKay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Woolfolk" title="Andrew Woolfolk">Andrew Woolfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_White_(musician)" title="Fred White (musician)">Fred White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Emory" title="Sonny Emory">Sonny Emory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Reynolds_(guitarist)" title="Sheldon Reynolds (guitarist)">Sheldon Reynolds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freddie_Ravel" title="Freddie Ravel">Freddie Ravel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morris_Pleasure" title="Morris Pleasure">Morris Pleasure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Brookins" title="Robert Brookins">Robert Brookins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_de_los_Reyes" title="Daniel de los Reyes">Daniel de los Reyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kim_Johnson_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kim Johnson (musician)">Kim Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Moore_(guitarist)" title="Greg Moore (guitarist)">Greg Moore</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_(album)" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire (album)">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Need_of_Love" title="The Need of Love">The Need of Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Last_Days_and_Time" title="Last Days and Time">Last Days and Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Head_to_the_Sky" title="Head to the Sky">Head to the Sky</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Open_Our_Eyes" title="Open Our Eyes">Open Our Eyes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_the_Way_of_the_World" title="That&#39;s the Way of the World">That's the Way of the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Spirit (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Spirit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/All_%27n_All" title="All &#39;n All">All 'n All</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Am_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="I Am (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">I Am</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Faces_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Faces (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Faces</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Raise!" title="Raise!">Raise!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Powerlight" title="Powerlight">Powerlight</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Electric_Universe_(album)" title="Electric Universe (album)">Electric Universe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Touch_the_World" title="Touch the World">Touch the World</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heritage_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Heritage (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Heritage</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Millennium_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Millennium (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Millennium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_Love_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="In the Name of Love (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">In the Name of Love</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Promise_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="The Promise (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">The Promise</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Illumination_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Illumination (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Illumination</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Now,_Then_%26_Forever" title="Now, Then &amp; Forever">Now, Then &amp; Forever</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Holiday_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Holiday (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Holiday</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Classic_Christmas_Album_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="The Classic Christmas Album (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">The Classic Christmas Album</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soundtrack albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sweet_Sweetback%27s_Baadasssss_Song_(soundtrack)" title="Sweet Sweetback&#39;s Baadasssss Song (soundtrack)">Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gratitude_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Gratitude (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Gratitude</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_Live_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Greatest Hits Live (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Greatest Hits Live</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/That%27s_the_Way_of_the_World:_Alive_in_%2775" title="That&#39;s the Way of the World: Alive in &#39;75">That's the Way of the World: Alive in '75</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Rio_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Live in Rio (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Live in Rio</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Videos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire:_In_Concert" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: In Concert">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: In Concert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eternal_Vision" title="The Eternal Vision">The Eternal Vision</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_in_Japan_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_video)" title="Live in Japan (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire video)">Live in Japan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shining_Stars:_The_Official_Story_Of_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Shining Stars: The Official Story Of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">Shining Stars: The Official Story Of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire:_Live" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: Live">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: Live</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire:_Live_by_Request" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: Live by Request">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: Live by Request</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire:_Live_at_Montreux_1997" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: Live at Montreux 1997">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire: Live at Montreux 1997</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_video)" title="The Collection (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire video)">The Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_%26_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_%E2%80%93_Live_at_the_Greek_Theatre" title="Chicago &amp; Earth, Wind &amp; Fire – Live at the Greek Theatre">Chicago &amp; Earth, Wind &amp; Fire – Live at the Greek Theatre</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Another_Time_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Another Time (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Another Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire,_Vol._1" title="The Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire, Vol. 1">The Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire, Vol. 1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Collection_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="The Collection (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">The Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Best_of_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire,_Vol._2" title="The Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire, Vol. 2">The Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire, Vol. 2</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Very_Best_of_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="The Very Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">The Very Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Eternal_Dance" title="The Eternal Dance">The Eternal Dance</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Very_Best_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="The Very Best (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">The Very Best</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elements_of_Love:_Ballads" title="Elements of Love: Ballads">Elements of Love: Ballads</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boogie_Wonderland:_The_Very_Best_of_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" class="mw-redirect" title="Boogie Wonderland: The Very Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">Boogie Wonderland: The Very Best of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Greatest_Hits_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="Greatest Hits (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">Greatest Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ultimate_Collection_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="The Ultimate Collection (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">The Ultimate Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="The Essential Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">The Essential Earth, Wind &amp; Fire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Hits_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_album)" title="The Greatest Hits (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire album)">The Greatest Hits</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/I_Think_About_Lovin%27_You" title="I Think About Lovin&#39; You">I Think About Lovin' You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mom_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Mom (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Mom</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evil_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Evil (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Evil</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Keep_Your_Head_to_the_Sky" title="Keep Your Head to the Sky">Keep Your Head to the Sky</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Mighty_Mighty_(song)" title="Mighty Mighty (song)">Mighty Mighty</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kalimba_Story" title="Kalimba Story">Kalimba Story</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Devotion_(song)" title="Devotion (song)">Devotion</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shining_Star_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Shining Star (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Shining Star</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sun_Goddess_(song)" title="Sun Goddess (song)">Sun Goddess</a>" (with Ramsey Lewis)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/That%27s_the_Way_of_the_World_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="That&#39;s the Way of the World (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">That's the Way of the World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sing_a_Song_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Sing a Song (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Sing a Song</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Hide_Love" title="You Can&#39;t Hide Love">Can't Hide Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Getaway_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Getaway (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Getaway</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Saturday_Nite" title="Saturday Nite">Saturday Nite</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Serpentine_Fire" title="Serpentine Fire">Serpentine Fire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fantasy_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Fantasy (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Fantasy</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Jupiter (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Jupiter</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Got_to_Get_You_into_My_Life#Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire_version" title="Got to Get You into My Life">Got to Get You into My Life</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/September_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="September (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">September</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Boogie_Wonderland" title="Boogie Wonderland">Boogie Wonderland</a>" (with the Emotions)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/After_the_Love_Has_Gone" title="After the Love Has Gone">After the Love Has Gone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Stone" title="In the Stone">In the Stone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Star_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Star (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Star</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Can%27t_Let_Go_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Can&#39;t Let Go (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Can't Let Go</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_Me_Talk" title="Let Me Talk">Let Me Talk</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="You (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/And_Love_Goes_On" title="And Love Goes On">And Love Goes On</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Groove" title="Let&#39;s Groove">Let's Groove</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wanna_Be_with_You" title="Wanna Be with You">Wanna Be with You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/I%27ve_Had_Enough_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="I&#39;ve Had Enough (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">I've Had Enough</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Fall_in_Love_with_Me_(song)" title="Fall in Love with Me (song)">Fall in Love with Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Side_by_Side_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Side by Side (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Side by Side</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magnetic_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Magnetic (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Magnetic</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Touch_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Touch (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Touch</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/System_of_Survival" title="System of Survival">System of Survival</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Thinking_of_You_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Thinking of You (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Thinking of You</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Evil_Roy" title="Evil Roy">Evil Roy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Turn_on_(The_Beat_Box)" title="Turn on (The Beat Box)">Turn on (The Beat Box)</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heritage_(song)" title="Heritage (song)">Heritage</a>" (with the Boys)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/For_the_Love_of_You_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="For the Love of You (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">For the Love of You</a>" (with MC Hammer)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Wanna_Be_The_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Wanna Be The Man">Wanna Be The Man</a>" (with MC Hammer)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sunday_Morning_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Sunday Morning (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Sunday Morning</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_Love_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="In the Name of Love (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">In the Name of Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/When_Love_Goes_Wrong" title="When Love Goes Wrong">When Love Goes Wrong</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/September_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)#September_99" title="September (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">September 99</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_in_the_Way" title="All in the Way">All in the Way</a>" (with the Emotions)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hold_Me_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Hold Me (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Hold Me</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Way_You_Move#Earth,_Wind_&amp;_Fire/Kenny_G_cover" title="The Way You Move">The Way You Move</a>" (with Kenny G)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Show_Me_the_Way_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Show Me the Way (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Show Me the Way</a>" (with Raphael Saadiq)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pure_Gold_(song)" title="Pure Gold (song)">Pure Gold</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_You_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="To You (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">To You</a>" (with Brian McKnight)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Change_Your_Mind_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Change Your Mind (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Change Your Mind</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Guiding_Lights_(song)" title="Guiding Lights (song)">Guiding Lights</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Promise_(song)" title="My Promise (song)">My Promise</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Why%3F_(Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_song)" title="Why? (Earth, Wind &amp; Fire song)">Why</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Holidays_(Meghan_Trainor_song)" title="Holidays (Meghan Trainor song)">Holidays</a>"</li> <li>"You Want My Love" (with Lucky Daye)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramsey_Lewis" title="Ramsey Lewis">Ramsey Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pharaohs" title="The Pharaohs">The Pharaohs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Wissert" title="Joe Wissert">Joe Wissert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Stepney" title="Charles Stepney">Charles Stepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Phenix_Horns" title="The Phenix Horns">The Phenix Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_Horns" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire Horns">Earth, Wind &amp; Fire Horns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Emotions" title="The Emotions">The Emotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Vaughn" title="Wayne Vaughn">Wayne Vaughn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(band)" title="Chicago (band)">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalimba_Music" title="Kalimba Music">Kalimba Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_discography" title="Earth, Wind &amp; Fire discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_awards_and_nominations_received_by_Earth,_Wind,_%26_Fire" title="List of awards and nominations received by Earth, Wind, &amp; Fire">Awards and nominations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_tribute_albums" title="List of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire tribute albums">Tribute albums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire_band_members" title="List of Earth, Wind &amp; Fire band members">Personnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Earth,_Wind_%26_Fire" title="Category:Earth, Wind &amp; Fire">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame_–_Class_of_2000" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template:2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:2000_Rock_and_Roll_Hall_of_Fame" title="Template talk:2000 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a 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Bailey">Philip Bailey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Dunn" title="Larry Dunn">Larry Dunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Graham_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Johnny Graham (musician)">Johnny Graham</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ralph Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Al_McKay" title="Al McKay">Al McKay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_White_(musician)" title="Fred White (musician)">Fred White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_White" title="Maurice White">Maurice White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verdine_White" title="Verdine White">Verdine White</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Woolfolk" title="Andrew Woolfolk">Andrew Woolfolk</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Lovin%27_Spoonful" title="The Lovin&#39; Spoonful">The Lovin' Spoonful</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Boone" title="Steve Boone">Steve Boone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Butler" title="Joe Butler">Joe Butler</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_Sebastian" title="John Sebastian">John Sebastian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zal_Yanovsky" title="Zal Yanovsky">Zal Yanovsky</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Moonglows" title="The Moonglows">The Moonglows</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prentiss_Barnes" title="Prentiss Barnes">Prentiss Barnes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fuqua" title="Harvey Fuqua">Harvey Fuqua</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Graves_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Graves (musician) (page does not exist)">Peter Graves</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Billy_Johnson_(musician)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Billy Johnson (musician) (page does not exist)">Billy Johnson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bobby_Lester" class="mw-redirect" title="Bobby Lester">Bobby Lester</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Bonnie_Raitt" title="Bonnie Raitt">Bonnie Raitt</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Taylor" title="James Taylor">James Taylor</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Nat_King_Cole" title="Nat King Cole">Nat King Cole</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Billie_Holiday" title="Billie Holiday">Billie Holiday</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-performers<br />(Ahmet Ertegun Award)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Clive_Davis" title="Clive Davis">Clive Davis</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sidemen</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Hal_Blaine" title="Hal Blaine">Hal Blaine</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/King_Curtis" title="King Curtis">King Curtis</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/James_Jamerson" title="James Jamerson">James Jamerson</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Scotty_Moore" title="Scotty Moore">Scotty Moore</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Earl_Palmer" title="Earl Palmer">Earl Palmer</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7287720#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7287720#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7287720#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p328602965">Netherlands</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/67483343-84cb-4dc5-b1c5-e411d36e3376">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐fb2s6 Cached time: 20241228165853 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.603 seconds Real time usage: 0.781 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3854/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 112011/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11735/2097152 bytes Highest expansion 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Crittall+Windows%22">"Crittall Windows"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Crittall+Windows%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Crittall+Windows%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Crittall+Windows%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Crittall+Windows%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Crittall+Windows%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Crittall Windows</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Limited_company" title="Limited company">Limited company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">specialised construction activities&#160;<span class="penicon autoconfirmed-show"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186919?uselang=en#P452" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1889<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1889</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data agent">Francis Berrington Crittall</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Witham" title="Witham">Witham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">Steel</a>-framed windows</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://crittall-windows.co.uk">crittall-windows<wbr />.co<wbr />.uk</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:It_Was_Just_An_Instant_Shot_From_The_Bus_Window_(255646547).jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/It_Was_Just_An_Instant_Shot_From_The_Bus_Window_%28255646547%29.jpeg/220px-It_Was_Just_An_Instant_Shot_From_The_Bus_Window_%28255646547%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/It_Was_Just_An_Instant_Shot_From_The_Bus_Window_%28255646547%29.jpeg/330px-It_Was_Just_An_Instant_Shot_From_The_Bus_Window_%28255646547%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/It_Was_Just_An_Instant_Shot_From_The_Bus_Window_%28255646547%29.jpeg/440px-It_Was_Just_An_Instant_Shot_From_The_Bus_Window_%28255646547%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1710" data-file-height="1140" /></a><figcaption>Crittal windows on a building in London</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Crittall Windows Ltd</b> is an English manufacturer of <a href="/wiki/Steel" title="Steel">steel</a>-framed windows, today based in <a href="/wiki/Witham" title="Witham">Witham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essex" title="Essex">Essex</a>, close to its historic roots in the county. Its products have been used in thousands of buildings across the United Kingdom, including the <a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, and are features particularly associated with the <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Modernist" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernist">Modernist</a> movements in early 20th-century <a href="/wiki/Architecture" title="Architecture">architecture</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The company's windows are also used in numerous buildings in North America and other parts of Europe, and were a feature of the <a href="/wiki/Titanic" title="Titanic">RMS&#160;<i>Titanic</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_history">Early history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crittall_Windows&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Houses,_Leigham_Court_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1617972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Houses%2C_Leigham_Court_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1617972.jpg/220px-Houses%2C_Leigham_Court_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1617972.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Houses%2C_Leigham_Court_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1617972.jpg/330px-Houses%2C_Leigham_Court_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1617972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Houses%2C_Leigham_Court_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1617972.jpg/440px-Houses%2C_Leigham_Court_Road_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1617972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>Pre-war houses in the London borough of Lambeth, with Crittall windows</figcaption></figure> <p>The origins of the company date back to 1849, when Francis Berrington Crittall bought the Bank Street <a href="/wiki/Ironmongery" title="Ironmongery">ironmongery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Braintree,_Essex" title="Braintree, Essex">Braintree, Essex</a>. However, it was not until 1884 that the company – by this time run by the founder's son <a href="/wiki/Francis_Henry_Crittall" title="Francis Henry Crittall">Francis Henry Crittall</a> (1860–1935) – began to manufacture metal windows. Five years later (1889), the Crittall Manufacturing Company Ltd was incorporated. At this time the firm's output in a two-year period was 20 tonnes. In 1880 the company employed 11 men, by the 1890s this figure was 34, by 1918, 500.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1907, Crittall bought the so-called Fenestra joint patent from the German company Fenestra in <a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a>. In the same year, Crittall began to operate the <a href="/wiki/Detroit" title="Detroit">Detroit</a> Steel Product Co, the first steel window factory in the United States. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>, Crittall's factories were used in munitions production, but postwar the company returned to steel window manufacture. It formed a manufacturing agreement with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgian</a> firm Braat in 1918 and opened a works in Witham, Essex in 1919, partly to supply standard metal windows for the UK government's housing scheme. </p><p>The 1920s saw operations established in South Africa, India, Australia, New Zealand, Germany and in Washington, D.C., in the USA, followed by a company in <a href="/wiki/Shanghai" title="Shanghai">Shanghai</a>, China in 1931. The company also had a factory at <a href="/wiki/Foots_Cray" title="Foots Cray">Foots Cray, Kent</a>, on a junction still known as "Crittall's Corner".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Amid this corporate expansion, the company started a <a href="/wiki/Model_village" title="Model village">model village</a> at <a href="/wiki/Silver_End" title="Silver End">Silver End</a> in Essex in 1926. </p><p>The name most associated with the company at this time is that of W F Crittall, known as Mr Pink, who as both director and designer was responsible for the development of the steel windows and who was closely associated with the modern architectural movement that such windows are associated with.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1939, Crittall built its first <a href="/wiki/Galvanisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Galvanisation">galvanising</a> plant at Witham, shortly before it once again became engaged in munitions production during the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Postwar_history">Postwar history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crittall_Windows&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Postwar history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1950s, Crittall began to manufacture <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a> windows and <a href="/wiki/Curtain_wall_(architecture)" title="Curtain wall (architecture)">curtain walling</a>, and in the 1960s was instrumental in the development of pressure chamber weather performance testing standards that are still used in the UK today. </p><p>The postwar period has seen Crittall undergo several major corporate changes. In 1965, it merged with <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hope_%26_Sons_Ltd" title="Henry Hope &amp; Sons Ltd">Henry Hope &amp; Sons Ltd</a> to form Crittall Hope – a firm that was then taken over in 1968 by <a href="/wiki/Slater_Walker" title="Slater Walker">Slater Walker</a> Securities. Six years later, in 1974, Crittall-Hope was acquired by Norcros Ltd, and Crittall Windows Limited Braintree and Witham was formed. </p><p>In 1990, Crittall moved to new premises in Braintree. Five years later, it was acquired by <a href="/wiki/Apax_Partners" title="Apax Partners">Apax Venture Capital</a>, and then sold two years later (1997) to <a href="/wiki/Marmon_Group" title="Marmon Group">Marmon Corporation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>. In 2002, the company was acquired by Laurel Holdings, and was then the subject of a management buy-out in 2004. In 2007, the company opened a new factory and head office in Witham. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_buildings_worldwide_using_Crittall_windows">Notable buildings worldwide using Crittall windows</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crittall_Windows&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Notable buildings worldwide using Crittall windows"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mercat_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Mercat Cross">Mercat Cross</a>, Glasgow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Bridge" title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Record_Office" title="Public Record Office">Public Record Office</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houses_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Houses of Parliament">Houses of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_London" title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coventry_Cathedral" title="Coventry Cathedral">Coventry Cathedral</a> – the Great West Wall window</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Insurance_Building" title="Asia Insurance Building">Asia Insurance Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Theatre,_Singapore" title="Capitol Theatre, Singapore">Capitol Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_College,_University_of_Hong_Kong" title="St. John&#39;s College, University of Hong Kong">St. John's College</a>, Hong Kong</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yale_University" title="Yale University">Yale University</a>, USA</li> <li>MCC building, <a href="/wiki/Lord%27s" title="Lord&#39;s">Lord's Cricket Ground</a>, London</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_House" class="mw-redirect" title="Temperate House">Temperate House</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kew_Gardens" title="Kew Gardens">Kew Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Theatre" title="Royal Shakespeare Theatre">Royal Shakespeare Theatre</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravelston_Garden" title="Ravelston Garden">Ravelston Garden</a> – <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> Edinburgh residential flats</li> <li><a href="/wiki/300_Central_Park_West" class="mw-redirect" title="300 Central Park West">300 Central Park West</a>, USA</li> <li>400 Sansome Street, San Francisco, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>, USA</li> <li>Crosby Street Hotel, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Botanical_Gardens" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Botanical Gardens">New York Botanical Gardens</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_River_Rouge_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Ford River Rouge Complex">Ford River Rouge Complex</a>, USA</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astoria_(recording_studio)" title="Astoria (recording studio)">Astoria</a></i>, a houseboat built in 1911 for impresario <a href="/wiki/Fred_Karno" title="Fred Karno">Fred Karno</a>, and used since the 1980s as a recording studio by <a href="/wiki/David_Gilmour" title="David Gilmour">David Gilmour</a> of <a href="/wiki/Pink_Floyd" title="Pink Floyd">Pink Floyd</a><sup id="cite_ref-WH_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WH-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harvey_Mudd_Estate&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Harvey Mudd Estate (page does not exist)">Harvey Mudd Estate</a>, USA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elterwater" title="Elterwater">Elterwater</a> Hostel, Cumbria, UK</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowdon" title="Snowdon">Snowdon</a> summit building (1935-2006), designed by <a href="/wiki/Clough_Williams-Ellis" title="Clough Williams-Ellis">Clough Williams-Ellis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_Civic_Centre" title="Southampton Civic Centre">Southampton Civic Centre</a> Clock Tower, Southampton, UK</li> <li>R.M.S. Queen Mary, California, USA</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Association_with_Braintree_Town">Association with Braintree Town</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crittall_Windows&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Association with Braintree Town"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The company had a long historical association with <a href="/wiki/Braintree_Town_F.C." title="Braintree Town F.C.">Braintree Town F.C.</a> The club was originally formed in 1898 and accepted into the <a href="/wiki/North_Essex_League" title="North Essex League">North Essex League</a> as <b>Manor Works FC</b>, the company's works team. The club's nickname "The Iron" also comes from this source, reflecting the company's metal window frames. The club's crest reflects its origins and shows the factory of the old Crittall Garage which overlooked the club's Cressing Road ground before being demolished in 2005. </p><p>In 1921 the club changed its name to <b>Crittall Athletic FC</b> and soon afterwards moved to a new stadium which has been their home since. Around 1968 the club changed name once again, this time to <b>Braintree &amp; Crittall Athletic FC</b>, but when links with Crittall ended in 1981 they became <b>Braintree Town FC.</b> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crittall_Windows&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">JAMES STEVENS CURL. "Crittall windows." A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture. 2000. Encyclopedia.com. 2 April 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p.70, Crittall, Ariel and Blake, David (1989) <i>Window Vision: Story of the Crittall Family v. 2: Crittall, 1849–1989</i>, Crittall Windows. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9515585-0-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9515585-0-8">978-0-9515585-0-8</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">King, Susan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.silverend.org/history/susan.htm"><i> Silver End: a place to work and play</i></a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=10370">Origins of street and place names in Bexley</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131222031048/http://www.bexley.gov.uk/index.aspx?articleid=10370">Archived</a> 2013-12-22 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>" London Borough of Bexley. Retrieved: 23 August 2015.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Carpenter, Robin (2007) <i>Mr Pink, the architectural legacy of WF Crittall</i>, Essex County Council, Chelmsford <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84194-075-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84194-075-5">978-1-84194-075-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WH-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-WH_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation episode cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b06pyrbs">"David Gilmour: Wider Horizons"</a>. 14 November 2015. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.date=2015-11-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb06pyrbs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACrittall+Windows" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_episode" title="Template:Cite episode">cite episode</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">&#124;series=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crittall-windows.co.uk/timeline/">Company website timeline</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crittall_Windows&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Crittall_windows" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Crittall windows">Crittall windows</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crittall-windows.co.uk">Crittall Company website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/iron-steel-windows/iron-steel-windows.htm">Wrought Iron and Steel Windows</a> Introduction to the history and conservation of wrought iron and steel windows including advice on repair versus replacement</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://purl.org/pressemappe20/folder/co/065610">Documents and clippings about Crittall Windows</a> in the <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Press_Archives" title="20th Century Press Archives">20th Century Press Archives</a> of the <a href="/wiki/German_National_Library_of_Economics" title="German National Library of Economics">ZBW</a></li> <li>A German article about the Düsseldorf company branch "Fenestra Crittall": <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/36700236/Stahlfenster_von_Fenestra-Crittall_in_den_Bauten_der_Verseidag_Krefeld._Bedeutung_und_Erhalt">Daniel Lohmann, Stahlfenster von Fenestra-Crittall in den Bauten der Verseidag Krefeld. 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Silent Hill: Shattered Memories
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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories" title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories" title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories" title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories" title="Silent Hill Shattered Memories – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Silent Hill Shattered Memories" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%87%DB%8C%D9%84:_%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%AF%D9%87" title="سایلنت هیل: یادگارهای خردشده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سایلنت هیل: یادگارهای خردشده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" 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Hill: Shattered Memories – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories" title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories" title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Silent Hill: Shattered Memories" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li 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It depicts a female child encased in ice on a swing, surrounded by an icy environment; on the upper part of the image, a title reads &quot;Silent Hill: Shattered Memories&quot;. Other markers indicate that this game is published by Konami in the PAL region and is intended for gamers sixteen years old and older." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/93/Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories.jpg/220px-Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="272" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/93/Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="316" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">European cover art</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Studios" title="Climax Studios">Climax Studios</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">Publisher(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_creative_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game creative director">Director(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Mark Simmons</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game designer">Designer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Barlow_(game_designer)" title="Sam Barlow (game designer)">Sam Barlow</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_programmer" title="Video game programmer">Programmer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Dave Owens</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game artist">Artist(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Neale Williams</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_writer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game writer">Writer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Sam Barlow</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_composer" class="mw-redirect" title="Video game composer">Composer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yamaoka" title="Akira Yamaoka">Akira Yamaoka</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Series</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill" title="Silent Hill">Silent Hill</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data"><b>Wii</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> 8 December 2009</li><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> 26 February 2010</li><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>:</span> 25 March 2010</li><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">AU</a>:</span> 22 April 2010</li></ul></div><b>PS2</b>, <b>PSP</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">NA</a>:</span> 19 January 2010</li><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">EU</a>:</span> 26 February 2010</li><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>:</span> 25 March 2010</li><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Australasia" title="Australasia">AU</a>:</span> 22 April 2010</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genre(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">Survival horror</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mode(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Single-player" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-player">Single-player</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</b></i> is a 2009 <a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">survival horror game</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/Climax_Studios" title="Climax Studios">Climax Studios</a> and published by <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. It was released in December for the <a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_(video_gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Port (video gaming)">ported</a> to the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> platforms in January 2010. In April 2014, it appeared on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> in Europe. </p><p><i>Shattered Memories</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Remake" title="Remake">reimagination</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(video_game)" title="Silent Hill (video game)">first game</a> and retains the premise—<a href="/wiki/List_of_Silent_Hill,_Silent_Hill_2,_and_Silent_Hill_3_characters#Harry_Mason" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Silent Hill, Silent Hill 2, and Silent Hill 3 characters">Harry Mason</a>'s quest to find his missing daughter in the fictitious American town of <a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill#Plot_traits_and_symbolism" title="Silent Hill">Silent Hill</a>—but is set in a different <a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">fictional universe</a> and has a different plot, and altered characters, alongside new ones. Five endings are available. Gameplay takes place in two parts: a <a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">framing</a>, <a href="/wiki/First-person_(video_games)" title="First-person (video games)">first-person</a> psychotherapy session, and an <a href="/wiki/Over_the_shoulder_shot" class="mw-redirect" title="Over the shoulder shot">over-the-shoulder</a> perspective of Harry's journey through Silent Hill, which is periodically interrupted by the occurrence of a shift to a more dangerous environment. Answers given to the psychological tests in the therapy session affect various gameplay elements in Harry's journey. </p><p>After designing the <a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Origins" title="Silent Hill: Origins"><i>Silent Hill</i> prequel</a> (2007), which intentionally replicated elements of the first installment, Climax Studios wanted to try a different approach to creating a title in the series. Among the changes made was the removal of combat and the constant presence of monsters. <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yamaoka" title="Akira Yamaoka">Akira Yamaoka</a> composed the soundtrack of the game, which was the first in the series to prominently feature <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic music">dynamic music</a>. </p><p>The game received generally positive reviews for its graphics, plot, voice acting, soundtrack, and its use of the <a href="/wiki/Wii_Remote" title="Wii Remote">Wii Remote</a>, and has been favorably compared to <a href="/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan" title="M. Night Shyamalan">M. Night Shyamalan</a>'s visuals.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, some reviewers found the puzzle exploration, chase sequences and psychological elements frustrating, and felt the game was too short. It has been since praised by some reviewers for its unique take on the franchise, clever twists to the original story, atmosphere and mechanics.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gameplay">Gameplay</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Gameplay"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories_screenshot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories_screenshot.jpg/200px-Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories_screenshot.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories_screenshot.jpg/300px-Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories_screenshot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5f/Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories_screenshot.jpg/400px-Silent_Hill_Shattered_Memories_screenshot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>In this screenshot, Harry Mason explores the snowy town of Silent Hill.</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> is a reimagining of the first installment of the series, <i> Silent Hill</i>. It keeps the premise of writer Harry Mason looking for his daughter in Silent Hill after a car crash, although it leads into a different plot.<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The personalities and roles of characters from the first game have also been changed,<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <i>Shattered Memories</i> introduces new characters as well.<sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer_interview_part_2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> divides its gameplay between two different settings. The first section is set in a psychotherapist's office and the second in a town called Silent Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the first section, the player interacts with <a href="/wiki/List_of_Silent_Hill,_Silent_Hill_2,_and_Silent_Hill_3_characters#Michael_Kaufmann" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Silent Hill, Silent Hill 2, and Silent Hill 3 characters">Dr. Michael Kaufmann</a>, who is a therapist<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufmann_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufmann-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Non-player_character" title="Non-player character">NPC</a>, from a <a href="/wiki/First-person_(video_games)" title="First-person (video games)">first-person perspective</a>. The player responds to Kaufmann's questions and completes a psychological test, fills in a questionnaire or colors pictures.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The player's responses to these tests alters aspects of gameplay in the second setting, including the available areas, the physical appearance and behavior of characters encountered, and the physical appearance of the monsters.<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Shattered Memories</i> returns to Kaufmann's office periodically throughout the game.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the second setting, the player guides Harry Mason in an over-the-shoulder view as he searches for his missing daughter Cheryl in the snowy town of Silent Hill.<sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harry is equipped with a smartphone and flashlight:<sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> he can use the phone to check his location on a <a href="/wiki/Global_Positioning_System" title="Global Positioning System">GPS</a> map, take photographs, and make telephone calls.<sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Moving to certain spots with high interference, represented by a lot of radio noise, or by taking pictures of spots where shadowy figures can be seen, unlock various text and voicemail messages that expand the story and occasionally provide clues. To view the details of various documents, the player can zoom in on objects.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game also alters details of gameplay based on what the player views.<sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Throughout his journey, Harry encounters puzzles such as mechanisms, which reward either a key required to progress or a bonus memento.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the Wii version, the Wii Remote is used for puzzle solving and to control the flashlight and cell phone.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The game occasionally shifts to an icy alternate dimension called "Nightmare", where hostile monsters exist.<sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> To escape from this dimension, Harry must find a predetermined exit while avoiding the wandering creatures which chase him upon detection.<sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Unlike previous installments in the series, there is no combat element to the gameplay: Harry is weaponless for the entire duration of the game and can only run, hide, slow down the monsters by knocking down objects to block their path, throw off the creatures if they latch onto him, and temporarily ward them off by picking up and using flares found lying on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His running speed and "<a href="/wiki/Health_(gaming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Health (gaming)">health</a>" (the amount of damage that he can endure before dying) decrease every time the monsters grab him.<sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In contrast to the previous installments of the series, which featured various types of monsters, <i>Shattered Memories</i> features only one type of humanoid monster, whose physical appearance changes in response to the player's actions inside and outside the Nightmare realm, including their responses to Kaufmann's psychological tests.<sup id="cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWR_interview-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The game begins with a psychotherapy session conducted by Dr. Kaufmann, which acts as a frame story for Harry's quest.<sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer_interview_part_2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kaufmann_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufmann-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Suffering from issues with his memory,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harry travels home to search for his seven-year-old daughter Cheryl, hoping that she is already there.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His consciousness moves between the in-game real world and <i>Nightmare</i>—a frozen version of the town in which monsters chase him—and finds that another family lives in his house.<sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Police officer <a href="/wiki/List_of_Silent_Hill,_Silent_Hill_2,_and_Silent_Hill_3_characters#Cybil_Bennett" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Silent Hill, Silent Hill 2, and Silent Hill 3 characters">Cybil Bennett</a> arrives and decides to take him to the police station, but they become caught in a blizzard, and Harry eventually leaves her car to continue his search.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Eventually, Harry finds his way to the local high school, where he learns from a woman named Michelle Valdez that a Cheryl Mason attended school there previously, but then moved.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She offers to drive Harry to Cheryl's new address,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but after briefly stepping away, he returns to find Michelle has been replaced by <a href="/wiki/List_of_Silent_Hill,_Silent_Hill_2,_and_Silent_Hill_3_characters#Dahlia_Gillespie" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Silent Hill, Silent Hill 2, and Silent Hill 3 characters">Dahlia Mason</a>, who claims to be Harry's lover and acts as if she has been with him the whole time. He accepts the ride,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although during another shift to the Nightmare, the car falls into a river. Harry escapes but loses consciousness.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He awakens in a wheelchair pushed by Cybil in the town's hospital. Before Cybil can tell him about his file at the station,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the town transitions to the Nightmare. Harry escapes and meets Lisa Garland, a nurse injured in a crash, and escorts her to her home.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At her request, Harry gives Lisa pills for her headache,<sup id="cite_ref-Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and returns to find her either dead or dying, depending on in-game actions taken by the player. Finding him next to Lisa's corpse, Cybil attempts to arrest him, but is frozen as the Nightmare emerges around them.<sup id="cite_ref-Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harry escapes to Cheryl's home, where he finds an older Dahlia who claims to be his wife and tells him that Cheryl is at the lighthouse.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harry enters the Nightmare, escapes it, and eventually gets a ride from Michelle.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harry finds a young-again Dahlia aboard a boat at a lakeside harbour, who sets the course for the lighthouse and seduces him.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harry wakes, finds an aged Dahlia and the environment covered in ice, and crosses the now-frozen lake but falls into the water and passes out. Harry is dragged ashore near the lighthouse by Cybil, who confronts him with the news that Harry Mason died eighteen years ago in a car accident.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As Harry proceeds, he finds "the lighthouse" is the name of Dr. Kaufmann's counseling clinic:<sup id="cite_ref-Kaufmann_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kaufmann-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the patient in the therapy session is an adult Cheryl, who is in denial over her father's death.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Harry enters the office and Cheryl either reconciles herself to his death<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or continues to cling to her fantasy father.<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of the game, an old video clip from Cheryl's camcorder is played. Four variations of this clip are available depending upon the player's actions as Harry. In "Love Lost", Harry packs his luggage in a car and tells Cheryl not to blame herself for her parents' separation.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In "Drunk Dad", a drunken Harry yells at Cheryl, demands a beer and blames his drinking on his family.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In "Sleaze and Sirens", Harry flirts on his bed with Lisa and Michelle.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In "Wicked and Weak", Dahlia verbally abuses Harry and slaps him.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the "UFO" joke ending, Cheryl tells Dr. Kaufmann that she believes Harry was kidnapped by aliens and that Silent Hill is a spaceship. After <a href="/wiki/James_Sunderland_(Silent_Hill)" title="James Sunderland (Silent Hill)">James Sunderland</a> interrupts, the therapy session continues, revealing Cheryl to be a <a href="/wiki/Shiba_Inu" title="Shiba Inu">dog</a> and Dr. Kaufmann to be an <a href="/wiki/Grey_alien" title="Grey alien">alien</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Regardless of the ending, the final scene shows Cheryl packing away mementos that the player can collect throughout the game. An additional scene the player can obtain shows her reconciling with Dahlia outside the clinic. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Plans for a <i>Silent Hill</i> remake, and speculation about a possible remake based on the <a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(film)" title="Silent Hill (film)"><i>Silent Hill</i> film</a>, were circulating as early as 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-FILM_REMAKE_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FILM_REMAKE-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The idea of a remake was also considered early in the development of the prequel game <i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Origins" title="Silent Hill: Origins">Silent Hill: Origins</a></i> (2007).<sup id="cite_ref-FILM_REMAKE2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FILM_REMAKE2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After the release of Silent Hill: Origins, Climax pitched two ideas to Konami: Brahms PD and Silent Hill: Cold Heart respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Silent_Hill:_Cold_Heart_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Silent_Hill:_Cold_Heart-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Brahms PD followed a detective with amnesia in the neighboring town of Brahms looking for their partner, while Silent Hill: Cold Heart would have followed a mentally disturbed college student and replaced the foggy setting of the former games with ice and snow. Elements from both pitches were used to create the basis for Shattered Memories. Rumours persisted into 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-RUMOUR_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RUMOUR-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and were seemingly confirmed in February when the <a href="/wiki/British_Board_of_Film_Classification" title="British Board of Film Classification">British Board of Film Classification</a> (BBFC) re-rated the original game.<sup id="cite_ref-BBFC_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBFC-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game was officially announced in the May 2009 issue of <i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Power" title="Nintendo Power">Nintendo Power</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-NINTENDO_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NINTENDO-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Climax_Studios" title="Climax Studios">Climax Studios</a>, the developer of <i>Silent Hill: Origins</i>, developed <i>Shattered Memories</i> with a development team made up of more than 55 members and a supporting network of more than 90 artists.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With the completion of <i>Origins</i> - for which they had attempted to closely replicate the atmosphere and gameplay elements of the <a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(video_game)" title="Silent Hill (video game)">first <i>Silent Hill</i> game</a> (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Videogamer_Part_1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>— Climax Studios wanted to create another horror game.<sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because of the tenth anniversary of the first <i>Silent Hill</i> installment, Konami thought the time was ideal "to revisit" the game.<sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Climax Studios saw the then-newly introduced Wii platform as a way to reach a wider range of gamers,<sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> especially as outside Japan, no <i>Silent Hill</i> title had been exclusively released on a <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo</a> platform.<sup id="cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWR_interview-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Development costs for the <a href="/wiki/Xbox_360" title="Xbox 360">Xbox 360</a> or <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_3" title="PlayStation 3">PlayStation 3</a> and their gamers' "mindset" factored into the decision for the gaming platform.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Additionally, the developers wanted to use the Wii Remote to incorporate the gameplay elements of the flashlight and radio static.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Climax felt that the first game would be a good starting point, instead of continuing any existing storylines or adding onto the mythology of the town.<sup id="cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWR_interview-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> To please fans of the series and bring in new ones, they decided to reimagine the setting and characters, such as Dahlia, who was changed from "a haggard old woman" who led the town's cult into a physically attractive young woman.<sup id="cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWR_interview-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Game designer Sam Barlow explained in November 2022 that he was not a fan of <i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_3" title="Silent Hill 3">Silent Hill 3</a></i> as he disliked the continuation of Harry and Cheryl Mason's adventures as well as the bad endings in <i>Silent Hill</i>. He felt he could redeem the series by reimagining the first game through <i>Shattered Memories.</i><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Climax Studios began with the game's plot, which the development team considered the main appeal of the series.<sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer_interview_part_2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Early in the game's development, some team members visited a psychiatrist for research.<sup id="cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Videogamer_Part_1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The use of ice as a visual theme originated partly because the developers wanted to create an <a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill#Plot_traits_and_symbolism" title="Silent Hill">Otherworld</a> for the game, as previous games in the series had featured the same theme as <i>Silent Hill</i>, and because snowfall is common in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">northeastern</a> or <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">midwestern United States</a>, where the fictional town is located.<sup id="cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siliconera_interview-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Falling snow was added to limit the player's visibility and build an atmosphere of dread.<sup id="cite_ref-destructoid_interview_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-destructoid_interview-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The developers included a system of psychological profiling that adjusted gameplay elements based on the player's interaction with the game.<sup id="cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siliconera_interview-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Writer Sam Barlow explained the system: "Ultimately every little thing you do in the game or piece of content you can interact with can be assigned a little personality score. This is all added into a very classical psychometric profile of your personality that can then be mapped onto research".<sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer_interview_part_2-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The opening questionnaire has little significance in the player's profile.<sup id="cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siliconera_interview-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Capturing the multiple variations of gameplay elements for submission to the <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Rating_Board" title="Entertainment Software Rating Board">Entertainment Software Rating Board</a> proved to be difficult, according to the game's <a href="/wiki/Video_game_producer" title="Video game producer">producer</a>, Tomm Hulett.<sup id="cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-siliconera_interview-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Loading times were eliminated from the game to maintain a sense of immersion for the player.<sup id="cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWR_interview-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:35%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Hitchcock" title="Alfred Hitchcock">Hitchcock</a> said that all horror goes back to childhood, that's why it's a universal thing -- it's a fundamental. How many children wake up screaming because they had a dream where they beat up a zombie with a baseball bat? You wake up screaming because you ran and you got caught. </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">—Lead designer Sam Barlow on the absence of combat in <i>Shattered Memories</i><sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p>The developers felt that creating another game in the series with the same style of gameplay had limited potential.<sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In an attempt to imbue the game with the feel of a horror film where the protagonist is a regular person and the antagonist is powerful, they avoided the common <a href="/wiki/Survival_horror" title="Survival horror">survival horror</a> gameplay feature of a player character who is skilled in the use of weapons. Instead they generated an unarmed player character;<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and examined the survival horror gameplay staple of difficult combat and sluggish opponents, inspired by <a href="/wiki/Zombie_film" title="Zombie film">zombie films</a> and modelled after the video games <i><a href="/wiki/Alone_in_the_Dark_(video_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Alone in the Dark (video game)">Alone in the Dark</a></i> (1992) and <i><a href="/wiki/Resident_Evil_(1996_video_game)" title="Resident Evil (1996 video game)">Resident Evil</a></i> (1996).<sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They also analyzed around 50 chase sequences from various films, including horror films, and the structure of <a href="/wiki/Slasher_film" title="Slasher film">slasher films</a>, in which a powerful and intelligent antagonist pursues the protagonists.<sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The developers drew inspiration from common childhood nightmares about running away from an unknown threat, and decided to incorporate an intelligent enemy capable of trailing and outrunning the protagonist.<sup id="cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The chase sequences were designed to evoke a brief sense of tension and fright for the player, although the developers did not want to prolong the tension with the constant presence of monsters, and were concerned that this would become overwhelming and spoil the player's immersion in the game and interest in the story.<sup id="cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Videogamer_Part_1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The constant presence of monsters was also thought to be irrelevant to <i>Shattered Memories</i>; director Mark Simmons said, "this Harry Mason is not a guy who is constantly under attack from monsters. It's not a story of surviving a zombie apocalypse".<sup id="cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Videogamer_Part_1-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Additionally, to make information-gathering in the game realistic and corresponding to modern life standards, the developers substituted text in scattered documents, a common element in survival horror games, for the player's interaction with the in-game environment and use of the cell phone.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:167px;max-width:167px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:184px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Akira_Yamaoka_-_Game_Developers_Conference_2010_-_Day_3_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Akira Yamaoka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Akira_Yamaoka_-_Game_Developers_Conference_2010_-_Day_3_%283%29.jpg/165px-Akira_Yamaoka_-_Game_Developers_Conference_2010_-_Day_3_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="165" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Akira_Yamaoka_-_Game_Developers_Conference_2010_-_Day_3_%283%29.jpg/248px-Akira_Yamaoka_-_Game_Developers_Conference_2010_-_Day_3_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Akira_Yamaoka_-_Game_Developers_Conference_2010_-_Day_3_%283%29.jpg/330px-Akira_Yamaoka_-_Game_Developers_Conference_2010_-_Day_3_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1839" data-file-height="2052" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:121px;max-width:121px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:184px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Mary Elizabeth McGlynn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn.jpg/119px-Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn.jpg" decoding="async" width="119" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn.jpg/179px-Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn.jpg/238px-Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="331" data-file-height="515" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Akira_Yamaoka" title="Akira Yamaoka">Akira Yamaoka</a> (left) scored <i>Shattered Memories</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span> soundtrack and <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn" title="Mary Elizabeth McGlynn">Mary Elizabeth McGlynn</a> (right) provided vocals for four musical pieces of it.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Credits_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Credits-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></div></div></div> <p><i>Silent Hill</i> series composer <a href="/wiki/Akira_Yamaoka" title="Akira Yamaoka">Akira Yamaoka</a> scored the soundtrack of <i>Shattered Memories</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was his final contribution to the <i>Silent Hill</i> series before he resigned from Konami after 16 years with the company.<sup id="cite_ref-Yamaoka_retirement_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Yamaoka_retirement-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Voice actress <a href="/wiki/Mary_Elizabeth_McGlynn" title="Mary Elizabeth McGlynn">Mary Elizabeth McGlynn</a> provided vocals for four musical pieces included in the game and co-directed <i>Shattered Memories</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span> voice acting, and musician <a href="/wiki/Joe_Romersa" title="Joe Romersa">Joe Romersa</a> wrote lyrics for three of the pieces.<sup id="cite_ref-Credits_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Credits-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game is the first in the series to make prominent use of <a href="/wiki/Dynamic_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Dynamic music">dynamic music</a>; a composition is introduced and subsequently retracted, based on the player's actions, in every major area of the game.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Widely varying compositions, ranging from <a href="/wiki/Undertone_series" title="Undertone series">undertones</a> to <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a> music, were produced for the game.<sup id="cite_ref-interview_41-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-interview-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A playable <a href="/wiki/Game_demo" title="Game demo">demo</a> of <i>Shattered Memories</i> was made available in June 2009 at the annual trade fair <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Entertainment_Expo_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009">Electronic Entertainment Expo 2009</a> (E3) and received favorable reviews from video game journalists. A group of editors of the <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i> website gave the game three "Best of E3" awards in the Wii category for best overall game, best <a href="/wiki/Adventure_game" title="Adventure game">adventure game</a>, and best video game graphics technology.<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_Wii_Awards_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_Wii_Awards-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game was also given a "Best Wii Game" award by editors of the <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a> website in an article on their preferred games featured at the E3 show.<sup id="cite_ref-GameSpot_Awards_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpot_Awards-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Shattered Memories</i> was published by Konami for the Wii in North America on 8 December 2009;<sup id="cite_ref-NA_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in Europe on 26 February 2010; and in Japan on 25 March.<sup id="cite_ref-wiijap_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wiijap-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Australian release was delayed until 22 June, due to European supply problems caused by the economic effects of the <a href="/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull" title="2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull">2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ausdelay_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ausdelay-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Major Australian retailers struggled to confirm available copies of the game for several months after the delayed release, potentially damaging initial sales of the game.<sup id="cite_ref-Ausdelay_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ausdelay-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-K_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> versions were published in North America on 19 January 2010;<sup id="cite_ref-NA_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NA-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in Europe on 26 February; in Japan on 25 March;<sup id="cite_ref-pspjap_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pspjap-55"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and in Australia on 22 April 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-K_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-K-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It also became available on the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Network" title="PlayStation Network">PlayStation Network</a> for Europe and the United Kingdom on 28 April 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A PlayStation Vita release for <i>Shattered Memories</i> was apparently planned, but was cancelled.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1217379840">.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 1em 1em;text-align:center;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-none{float:none;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .vgr-single{width:23em}.mw-parser-output .vgr-edit-on-wikidata{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-top:none;padding:0.2em;background:#d1dbdf;color:#333;font-size:88%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0;font-size:88%;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews td,.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews th,.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{border-bottom:none;background:#d1dbdf;color:#333;text-align:center;padding:0.2em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews th{background:#eaecf0;color:#333}.mw-parser-output .vgr-awards td{background:#f2f2f2;color:#333}.mw-parser-output .vgr-hrow th{background:#e8f4f8;color:#333}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews .table-na{color:#707070}.mw-parser-output .vgr-reviews,.mw-parser-output .vgr-reviews tr:last-child td,.mw-parser-output .vgr-reviews tr:last-child th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .vgr-title,.mw-parser-output .vgr-subtitle,.mw-parser-output .vgr-awards tr td:first-child{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mw-collapsed .vgr-title{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table tr td:first-child,.mw-parser-output .vgr-awards td{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table tr td.vgr-center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews .vgr-stacked{border-top:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews{width:100%;float:none;clear:both;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews table{display:table}.mw-parser-output .video-game-reviews caption{display:table-caption}}</style><div role="complementary" class="video-game-reviews skin-invert vgr-single"><div class="vgr-title">Reception</div><table class="vgr-aggregators wikitable"><caption>Aggregate score</caption><tbody><tr class="vgr-hrow"><th scope="col">Aggregator</th><th scope="col">Score</th></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></td><td>79/100 (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_Wii_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic_Wii-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />77/100 (PS2)<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_PS2_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic_PS2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />73/100 (PSP)<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_PSP_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic_PSP-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="vgr-reviews wikitable"><caption class="vgr-stacked">Review scores</caption><tbody><tr class="vgr-hrow"><th scope="col">Publication</th><th scope="col">Score</th></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/1Up.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1Up.com">1Up.com</a></i></td><td>C+ (Wii, PS2, PSP)<sup id="cite_ref-1UP_review_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1UP_review-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1UP_PS2/PSP_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1UP_PS2/PSP-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a></i></td><td>6.25/10 (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a></i></td><td>2.5/5(Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-GamePro_review_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamePro_review-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/GameRevolution" class="mw-redirect" title="GameRevolution">GameRevolution</a></i></td><td>B (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i></td><td>8/10 (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpot_review-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a></i></td><td>3.5/5 (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-GameSpy_review_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpy_review-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/GameTrailers" title="GameTrailers">GameTrailers</a></i></td><td>8.5/10 (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Trailers_Review_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Trailers_Review-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i></td><td>8.6/10 (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />8.0/10 (PS2)<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_PS2_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_PS2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br />7.0/10 (PSP)<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_PSP_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_PSP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td class="vgr-center"><i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Power" title="Nintendo Power">Nintendo Power</a></i></td><td>8/10 (Wii)<sup id="cite_ref-Nintendo_Power_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nintendo_Power-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table><table class="vgr-awards wikitable notheme"><caption class="vgr-stacked">Awards</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col">Publication</th><th scope="col">Award</th></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></td><td>Editor's Choice<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">Giant Bomb</a></td><td>Best Ending of 2009<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">Giant Bomb</a></td><td>Best Wii Game Of 2009<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td>Milthon European Games Awards</td><td>Best Audio Design<sup id="cite_ref-NL_Milthon_Awards_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NL_Milthon_Awards-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>According to producer Tomm Hulett, the number of <a href="/wiki/Pre-order" title="Pre-order">pre-ordered</a> copies of <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> "looked very good".<sup id="cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NWR_interview-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In March 2010, the game placed fifth on the list of the top forty bestselling PS2 videogames in the United Kingdom and eleventh on the corresponding list for Wii games.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, <i>NintendoWorldReport</i> stated that sales of the game were low.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game eventually <a href="/wiki/Break-even_(economics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Break-even (economics)">broke even</a> with the help of the PS2 port, selling an estimated 440,000 copies across all platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">Review aggregator</a> website <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a> displays an averaged score for <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> of 79/100, indicating "generally favorable reviews".<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_Wii_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic_Wii-58"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Wesley Yin-Poole of <i>VideoGamer.com</i> ranked <i>Shattered Memories</i> in seventh place on his list of "top ten nerve-shredding video games", and wrote: "Dark, dank and dangerous, Silent Hill grabs you by the scruff of the neck, shakes you till you throw up, then headbutts you right between the eyes".<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Sheffield" title="Brandon Sheffield">Brandon Sheffield</a>, ranked the game in fifth place on his top ten list of overlooked games of 2009, and wrote that despite the absence of horror elements, the game was a nice experience.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Matt Wales of <i>IGN</i> also included the game in a list of overlooked Wii games, and wrote that the combination of various elements which he regarded as positive delivered "a meticulously-constructed, expertly-paced experience quite unlike anything the series has seen before".<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Chris Schilling of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i> described it as "one of the most innovative and enjoyable survival horrors for many a year".<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Kristan Reed wrote: "Packed with inventive ideas and one engaging sequence after another, it's a spirited, poignant and unsettling game that not only delivers a long-overdue return to form, but reinvigorates horror adventures in the process".<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to Lark Anderson of <i>GameSpot</i>, "<i>Shattered Memories</i> is a fantastic return to the core concept of personal fear, and though its developers made some unorthodox decisions - such as removing combat entirely - those decisions have paid off handsomely".<sup id="cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpot_review-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Nintendo Power</i> called it audacious and compelling.<sup id="cite_ref-Nintendo_Power_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nintendo_Power-69"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In a retrospective feature, <i>NintendoWorldReport</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Jonathan Metts generally agreed with <i>GameSpot</i>, stating that the installment "is a noble and arguably successful attempt to revive and reform the survival horror genre. While perhaps not scary, it is genuinely disturbing, shocking, and always interesting".<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to Leigh Alexander of <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i>, the innovation and uniqueness of the installment made it capable of standing alone from the <i>Silent Hill</i> series, without having to use the series' reputation or name to attract players.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Conversely, <i><a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Tim Turi considered the frustrating controls and dull pacing to be major flaws, and wrote: "If you’re a <i>Silent Hill</i> fan interested in a fresh take on the stale formula, this Wii entry may be the Cheryl you’ve been searching for, but it comes at a cost".<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The division of gameplay into puzzle-based exploration, weaponless chase sequences, and therapy scenes drew mixed comments from reviewers. <a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a>'s Charles Herold wrote that the fast-paced action of the nightmare sequences and the therapy scenes undercut the "trapped in a nightmare" feeling of previous <i>Silent Hill</i> games.<sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Matt_Casamassina" title="Matt Casamassina">Matt Casamassina</a> of <i>IGN</i> wrote that "the separation between safe exploration and puzzling and run-for-your-life monster scenarios is too transparent and as a result you will inevitably come to fear the ice and few things else".<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>PALGN</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Michael Kontoudis said that the chase sequences severely detracted from the rest of the game.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Eurogamer</i> wrote that they created a welcome mix with no gameplay element overemphasized.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Reviewers were also divided on whether the chase sequences were potentially frustrating,<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or quickly grew repetitive.<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/GamesRadar" class="mw-redirect" title="GamesRadar">GamesRadar</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Henry Gilbert expressed frustration over the similar enemies and repetitive use of a stock scream.<sup id="cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamesRadar_review-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Neon Kelly of <i>VideoGamer.com</i> was concerned by the absence of a possible death of the player character which would result in a "<a href="/wiki/Game_over" title="Game over">game over</a>", because he esteemed the fear potentially caused to the player by player character death as a major element of the survival horror genre.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The use of the Wii Remote was praised by reviewers as natural-seeming,<sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameSpy_review_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpy_review-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpot_review-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and well-suited to the movement-based puzzles and scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamesRadar_review-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Shattered Memories</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span> reimagined plot received praise from reviewers, some of whom found it easier to follow than the plot of the first game.<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameSpy_review_65-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpy_review-65"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamesRadar_review-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Game Informer</i> drew comparisons with film director <a href="/wiki/M._Night_Shyamalan" title="M. Night Shyamalan">M. Night Shyamalan</a>'s style.<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>GamesRadar</i> wrote that the storyline and characterizations were mature, its puzzles clear yet challenging and that the atmospheric scares contributed to the game's appeal.<sup id="cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamesRadar_review-84"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Justin Haywald of <i><a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP.com</a></i> said that the text messages about minor characters not introduced in the game detracted from the overall narrative.<sup id="cite_ref-1UP_review_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1UP_review-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game's duration, considered relatively short by reviewers, was seen as a drawback,<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameSpot_review-64"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> although some reviewers said that the psychological elements and multiple endings increased the <a href="/wiki/Replay_value" title="Replay value">replay value</a> of the game.<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The psychological elements were also criticized. About.com wrote that they were far less subtle than those in <i>Silent Hill 2</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <i><a href="/wiki/GamePro" title="GamePro">GamePro</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s Will Herring said that while the player-profiling element was ambitious, he did not think it went far enough, as it changed only cosmetic details and character dialogue.<sup id="cite_ref-GamePro_review_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GamePro_review-63"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Reviewers praised the graphics, and called them detailed and well-done.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-About.com_review_12-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Chris McMahon of <i><a href="/wiki/Play_(UK_magazine)" title="Play (UK magazine)">Play</a></i> placed the game tenth on his list of the "ten best-looking PSP games".<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/GameTrailers" title="GameTrailers">GameTrailers</a></i> praised the variety of objects, many of which can be manipulated by the player, and the detailed textures which lent the game's environments authenticity.<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Trailers_Review_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Trailers_Review-66"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The soundtrack was favorably received, and reviewers described it as moody,<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_review_11-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> atmospheric,<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and helping to create tension.<sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The voice acting was similarly well-received as believable.<sup id="cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1UP_review_61-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1UP_review-61"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VideoGamer-83"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Additionally, the soundtrack won an award for its audio design at the Milthon European Games Awards, an event held in Paris, France, at the Paris Game Festival;<sup id="cite_ref-NL_Milthon_Awards_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NL_Milthon_Awards-72"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the awards were handed out by an eight-person jury and the <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Culture_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minister of Culture (France)">French Minister of Culture and Communication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Metacritic shows an averaged score of 77/100 for the PlayStation 2 port, indicating generally favorable reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_PS2_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic_PS2-59"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Casamassina gave the PS2 port a score of 8.0/10, and wrote that while the graphics and control system in the Wii version were better, the port held up well.<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_PS2_67-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_PS2-67"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> For the PlayStation Portable port, Metacritic displays an averaged score of 73/100, indicating "mixed or average reviews".<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_PSP_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic_PSP-60"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Casamassina gave it a score of 7.0, and commented upon the "obvious visual downgrades", "sluggish controls", and "the inability to directly control and point his flashlight".<sup id="cite_ref-IGN_PSP_68-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IGN_PSP-68"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In his review of both ports, Haywald said that the control systems of both ports worked well, and described them as "a technical triumph".<sup id="cite_ref-1UP_PS2/PSP_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1UP_PS2/PSP-62"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTuri" class="citation magazine cs1">Turi, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091212221229/http://gameinformer.com/games/silent_hill_shattered_memories/b/wii/archive/2009/12/08/review.aspx">"Silent Hill Review: Motion Control Bogs Down An Intriguing Remake"</a>. <i>Game Informer</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gameinformer.com/games/silent_hill_shattered_memories/b/wii/archive/2009/12/08/review.aspx">the original</a> on 12 December 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Game+Informer&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill+Review%3A+Motion+Control+Bogs+Down+An+Intriguing+Remake&amp;rft.aulast=Turi&amp;rft.aufirst=Tim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameinformer.com%2Fgames%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories%2Fb%2Fwii%2Farchive%2F2009%2F12%2F08%2Freview.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.superjumpmagazine.com/the-legacy-of-silent-hill-shattered-memories/">"The Legacy of Silent Hill: Shattered Memories"</a>. <i>SUPERJUMP</i>. 3 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=SUPERJUMP&amp;rft.atitle=The+Legacy+of+Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.date=2022-12-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.superjumpmagazine.com%2Fthe-legacy-of-silent-hill-shattered-memories%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown2012" class="citation web cs1">Brown, Phil (26 January 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cgmagonline.com/articles/features/horror-shattered-memories/">"Silent Hill Shattered Memories, An Appreciation"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill+Shattered+Memories%2C+An+Appreciation&amp;rft.date=2012-01-26&amp;rft.aulast=Brown&amp;rft.aufirst=Phil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cgmagonline.com%2Farticles%2Ffeatures%2Fhorror-shattered-memories%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAaron2022" class="citation web cs1">Aaron, Christopher (18 August 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://screenrant.com/silent-hill-shattered-memories-underrated-remake-gameplay-story/">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Remains A Woefully Underrated Game"</a>. <i>ScreenRant</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ScreenRant&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Remains+A+Woefully+Underrated+Game&amp;rft.date=2022-08-18&amp;rft.aulast=Aaron&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscreenrant.com%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories-underrated-remake-gameplay-story%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalez2023" class="citation web cs1">Gonzalez, Andrea (20 June 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gamerant.com/silent-hill-shattered-memories-until-dawn-series-unique-psych-profile/">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Remains a Unique Entry in the Series After Over a Decade"</a>. <i>Game Rant</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Game+Rant&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Remains+a+Unique+Entry+in+the+Series+After+Over+a+Decade&amp;rft.date=2023-06-20&amp;rft.aulast=Gonzalez&amp;rft.aufirst=Andrea&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgamerant.com%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories-until-dawn-series-unique-psych-profile%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Game_Informer_SHSM-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Informer_SHSM_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTuri,_Tim2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Turi, Tim (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100517123040/http://gameinformer.com/games/silent_hill_shattered_memories/b/wii/archive/2009/12/08/review.aspx">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Game_Informer" title="Game Informer">Game Informer</a></i>. Game Informer Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gameinformer.com/games/silent_hill_shattered_memories/b/wii/archive/2009/12/08/review.aspx">the original</a> on 17 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Game+Informer&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Turi%2C+Tim&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gameinformer.com%2Fgames%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories%2Fb%2Fwii%2Farchive%2F2009%2F12%2F08%2Freview.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VideoGamer_interview_part_2-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_interview_part_2_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Neon2010" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Neon (22 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.videogamer.com/wii/silent_hill_shattered_memories/preview-2171.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Interview for Wii"</a>. <i>VideoGamer.com</i>. Pro-G Media Ltd. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906104912/http://www.videogamer.com/wii/silent_hill_shattered_memories/preview-2171.html">Archived</a> from the original on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=VideoGamer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Interview+for+Wii&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&amp;rft.date=2010-01-22&amp;rft.au=Kelly%2C+Neon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videogamer.com%2Fwii%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories%2Fpreview-2171.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eurogamer_review-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Eurogamer_review_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed,_Kristan2009" class="citation web cs1">Reed, Kristan (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/silent-hill-shattered-memories-review">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>. The Eurogamer Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331054203/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/silent-hill-shattered-memories-review">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Reed%2C+Kristan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories-review&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kaufmann-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufmann_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufmann_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kaufmann_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Lighthouse.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Lighthouse&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GameRevolution_review-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameRevolution_review_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudak,_Chris2009" class="citation web cs1">Hudak, Chris (31 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamerevolution.com/review/silent-hill-shattered-memories">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Game_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Game Revolution">Game Revolution</a></i>. AtomicOnline, LLC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120616042322/http://www.gamerevolution.com/review/silent-hill-shattered-memories">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Game+Revolution&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.date=2009-12-31&amp;rft.au=Hudak%2C+Chris&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamerevolution.com%2Freview%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGN_review-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_review_11-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasamassina,_Matt2009" class="citation web cs1">Casamassina, Matt (4 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120307121855/http://wii.ign.com/articles/105/1050951p1.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wii.ign.com/articles/105/1050951p1.html">the original</a> on 7 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IGN&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&amp;rft.date=2009-12-04&amp;rft.au=Casamassina%2C+Matt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwii.ign.com%2Farticles%2F105%2F1050951p1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-About.com_review-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-About.com_review_12-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerold,_Charles" class="citation web cs1">Herold, Charles. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nintendo.about.com/od/gamereviews/fr/silenthillshatteredmemories.htm">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Silent Hill: Shattered Memories' - Game Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/About.com" class="mw-redirect" title="About.com">About.com</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times_Company" title="The New York Times Company">The New York Times Company</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120311235910/http://nintendo.about.com/od/gamereviews/fr/silenthillshatteredmemories.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 11 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 March</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=About.com&amp;rft.atitle=%27Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories%27+-+Game+Review&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&amp;rft.au=Herold%2C+Charles&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnintendo.about.com%2Fod%2Fgamereviews%2Ffr%2Fsilenthillshatteredmemories.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NWR_interview-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NWR_interview_13-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonaghan,_Neal2009" class="citation web cs1">Ronaghan, Neal (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/interview/20508">"Interview about Silent Hill: Shattered Memories"</a>. NintendoWorldReport. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717091152/http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/interview/20508">Archived</a> from the original on 17 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Interview+about+Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pub=NintendoWorldReport&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Ronaghan%2C+Neal&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendoworldreport.com%2Finterview%2F20508&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Cybil's Car, after first Nightmare.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Cybil%27s+Car%2C+after+first+Nightmare&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Diner.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Diner&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Levin Street.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Levin+Street&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Cybil's car.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Cybil%27s+car&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Midwich High School.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Midwich+High+School&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Outside Midwich High School with Michelle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Outside+Midwich+High+School+with+Michelle&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Balkan Night Club.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Balkan+Night+Club&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Bridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Bridge&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Alchemilla Hospital.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Alchemilla+Hospital&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Alchemilla Hospital.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Alchemilla+Hospital&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Lisa's Apartment.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Lisa%27s+Apartment&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Dahlia's Apartment.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Dahlia%27s+Apartment&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: En route to Lakeside Amusement Park.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+En+route+to+Lakeside+Amusement+Park&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Boat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Boat&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Lake shore before Lighthouse Clinic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Lake+shore+before+Lighthouse+Clinic&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Lighthouse Clinic.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Lighthouse+Clinic&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: "Love Lost" Ending.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+%22Love+Lost%22+Ending&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: "Drunk Dad" Ending.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+%22Drunk+Dad%22+Ending&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: Sleaze and Sirens Ending.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+Sleaze+and+Sirens+Ending&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>. Level/area: "Wicked and Weak" Ending.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Level%2Farea%3A+%22Wicked+and+Weak%22+Ending&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Climax_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Climax Group">Climax Studios</a> (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i> (<a href="/wiki/Wii" title="Wii">Wii</a>). <a href="/wiki/Konami_Digital_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Konami Digital Entertainment">Konami Digital Entertainment</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FILM_REMAKE-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FILM_REMAKE_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlepeck2006" class="citation web cs1">Klepeck, Patrick (16 March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/newsStory?cId=3148821">"Silent Hill 1 Re-Release?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP.com</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120819040029/http://www.1up.com/news/silent-hill-1-re-release">Archived</a> from the original on 19 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill+1+Re-Release%3F&amp;rft.pub=1UP.com&amp;rft.date=2006-03-16&amp;rft.aulast=Klepeck&amp;rft.aufirst=Patrick&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2FnewsStory%3FcId%3D3148821&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FILM_REMAKE2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FILM_REMAKE2_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed2006" class="citation web cs1">Reed, Kristan (11 May 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/p_silenthillorigins_psp">"Silent Hill Origins Preview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>. The Eurogamer Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331203408/http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/p_silenthillorigins_psp">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Eurogamer&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill+Origins+Preview&amp;rft.date=2006-05-11&amp;rft.aulast=Reed&amp;rft.aufirst=Kristan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurogamer.net%2Farticles%2Fp_silenthillorigins_psp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Silent_Hill:_Cold_Heart-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Silent_Hill:_Cold_Heart_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.silenthillmemories.net/unreleased/sh_cold_heart_en.htm">"Silent Hill: Cold Heart"</a>. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Cold+Heart&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.silenthillmemories.net%2Funreleased%2Fsh_cold_heart_en.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RUMOUR-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RUMOUR_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhertor2009" class="citation web cs1">McWhertor, Michael (26 February 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/5161000/rumor-silent-hill-wii+make-coming-from-climax">"Rumor: Silent Hill Wii-make Coming From Climax"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Gawker_Media" title="Gawker Media">Gawker Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121012162550/http://kotaku.com/5161000/rumor-silent-hill-wii+make-coming-from-climax">Archived</a> from the original on 12 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Kotaku&amp;rft.atitle=Rumor%3A+Silent+Hill+Wii-make+Coming+From+Climax&amp;rft.date=2009-02-26&amp;rft.aulast=McWhertor&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2F5161000%2Frumor-silent-hill-wii%2Bmake-coming-from-climax&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBFC-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBFC_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhertor2009" class="citation web cs1">McWhertor, Michael (9 March 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotaku.com/5167122/silent-hill-gets-re+rated-wii+make-announcement-coming-soon">"Silent Hill Gets Re-Rated, Wii-make Announcement Coming Soon?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Gawker_Media" title="Gawker Media">Gawker Media</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110922023228/http://kotaku.com/5167122/silent-hill-gets-re+rated-wii+make-announcement-coming-soon">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Kotaku&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill+Gets+Re-Rated%2C+Wii-make+Announcement+Coming+Soon%3F&amp;rft.date=2009-03-09&amp;rft.aulast=McWhertor&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkotaku.com%2F5167122%2Fsilent-hill-gets-re%2Brated-wii%2Bmake-announcement-coming-soon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NINTENDO-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NINTENDO_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTom_East2009" class="citation web cs1">Tom East (2 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/article.php?id=7709">"Silent Hill Hits Wii"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Official_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Official Magazine">Nintendo Official Magazine</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Future_US" title="Future US">Future US</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120426192350/http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/7709/silent-hill-hits-wii/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nintendo+Official+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill+Hits+Wii&amp;rft.date=2009-04-02&amp;rft.au=Tom+East&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk%2Farticle.php%3Fid%3D7709&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-interview-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-interview_41-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt_Casamassina2009" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Matt_Casamassina" title="Matt Casamassina">Matt Casamassina</a> (9 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.wii.ign.com/articles/971/971319p1.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120227011340/http://uk.wii.ign.com/articles/971/971319p1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 27 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IGN&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Interview&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E5&amp;rft.date=2009-04-09&amp;rft.au=Matt+Casamassina&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.wii.ign.com%2Farticles%2F971%2F971319p1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Videogamer_Part_1-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Videogamer_Part_1_42-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Neon2010" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Neon (20 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150906041800/http://www.videogamer.com/wii/silent_hill_shattered_memories/preview-2168.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Interview"</a>. <i>VideoGamer.com</i>. Pro-G Media Ltd. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>3. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.videogamer.com/wii/silent_hill_shattered_memories/preview-2168.html">the original</a> on 6 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=VideoGamer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Interview&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&amp;rft.date=2010-01-20&amp;rft.au=Kelly%2C+Neon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videogamer.com%2Fwii%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories%2Fpreview-2168.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ONM_interview-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ONM_interview_43-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEast,_Thomas2010" class="citation web cs1">East, Thomas (26 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/14814/features/silent-hill-shattered-memories-interview/?page=1">"Wii Feature: Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Official_Nintendo_Magazine" title="Official Nintendo Magazine">Official Nintendo Magazine</a></i>. Future Publishing Limited. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>4. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502131018/http://www.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk/14814/features/silent-hill-shattered-memories-interview/?page=1">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Official+Nintendo+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=Wii+Feature%3A+Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Interview&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E4&amp;rft.date=2010-01-26&amp;rft.au=East%2C+Thomas&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialnintendomagazine.co.uk%2F14814%2Ffeatures%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories-interview%2F%3Fpage%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNintendo_Life" class="citation web cs1">Nintendo Life. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lULaJMFVPi4&amp;t=36m03s">"The Silent Hill That Was Made For Nintendo"</a>. <i>YouTube</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=YouTube&amp;rft.atitle=The+Silent+Hill+That+Was+Made+For+Nintendo&amp;rft.au=Nintendo+Life&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DlULaJMFVPi4%26t%3D36m03s&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-siliconera_interview-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-siliconera_interview_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpencer2009" class="citation web cs1">Spencer (30 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siliconera.com/2009/10/30/our-silent-hill-shattered-memories-interview-delves-into-the-games-psyche/">"Our Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Interview Delves Into The Game's Psyche"</a>. Siliconera. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120622095052/http://www.siliconera.com/2009/10/30/our-silent-hill-shattered-memories-interview-delves-into-the-games-psyche/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Our+Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Interview+Delves+Into+The+Game%27s+Psyche&amp;rft.pub=Siliconera&amp;rft.date=2009-10-30&amp;rft.au=Spencer&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.siliconera.com%2F2009%2F10%2F30%2Four-silent-hill-shattered-memories-interview-delves-into-the-games-psyche%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-destructoid_interview-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-destructoid_interview_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBennett,_Colette2009" class="citation web cs1">Bennett, Colette (4 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.destructoid.com/destructoid-interview-silent-hill-producer-tomm-hulett-130901.phtml">"Destructoid interview: Silent Hill producer Tomm Hulett"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Destructoid" title="Destructoid">Destructoid</a></i>. ModernMethod. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120313005114/http://www.destructoid.com/destructoid-interview-silent-hill-producer-tomm-hulett-130901.phtml">Archived</a> from the original on 13 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Destructoid&amp;rft.atitle=Destructoid+interview%3A+Silent+Hill+producer+Tomm+Hulett&amp;rft.date=2009-05-04&amp;rft.au=Bennett%2C+Colette&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.destructoid.com%2Fdestructoid-interview-silent-hill-producer-tomm-hulett-130901.phtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Credits-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Credits_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Credits_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimax_Studios2009" class="citation book cs1">Climax Studios (8 December 2009). <i>Silent Hill: Shattered Memories</i>. Konami Digital Entertainment. Scene: Staff credits.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pages=Scene%3A+Staff+credits&amp;rft.pub=Konami+Digital+Entertainment&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Climax+Studios&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Yamaoka_retirement-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Yamaoka_retirement_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagrino,_Tom2009" class="citation web cs1">Magrino, Tom (2 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121028162655/http://au.gamespot.com/news/silent-hill-composer-departs-konami-report-6241873">"Silent Hill composer departs Konami - Report"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive Inc.">CBS Interactive Inc.</a> Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.gamespot.com/news/silent-hill-composer-departs-konami-report-6241873">the original</a> on 28 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GameSpot&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill+composer+departs+Konami+-+Report&amp;rft.date=2009-12-02&amp;rft.au=Magrino%2C+Tom&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.gamespot.com%2Fnews%2Fsilent-hill-composer-departs-konami-report-6241873&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGN_Wii_Awards-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-IGN_Wii_Awards_49-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090615084332/http://wii.ign.com/articles/992/992667p2.html">"Nintendo Wii Best of E3 2009"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wii.ign.com/articles/992/992667p2.html">the original</a> on 15 June 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IGN&amp;rft.atitle=Nintendo+Wii+Best+of+E3+2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwii.ign.com%2Farticles%2F992%2F992667p2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GameSpot_Awards-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GameSpot_Awards_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/special_feature/e3-2009-editors-choice/platform/index.html?page=6">"E3 Editors' Choice Awards - Best Wii Game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive Inc.">CBS Interactive Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121106061705/http://www.gamespot.com/special_feature/e3-2009-editors-choice/platform/index.html?page=6">Archived</a> from the original on 6 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GameSpot&amp;rft.atitle=E3+Editors%27+Choice+Awards+-+Best+Wii+Game&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Fspecial_feature%2Fe3-2009-editors-choice%2Fplatform%2Findex.html%3Fpage%3D6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NA-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NA_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NA_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091117180832/http://uk.ps2.ign.com/articles/104/1044573p1.html">"Silent Hill Delayed for PS2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.ps2.ign.com/articles/104/1044573p1.html">the original</a> on 17 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IGN&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill+Delayed+for+PS2&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.ps2.ign.com%2Farticles%2F104%2F1044573p1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-wiijap-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wiijap_52-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.konami.jp/products/silenthill_sm_wii/">"SILENT HILL-SHATTERED MEMORIES"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100126050032/http://www.konami.jp/products/silenthill_sm_wii/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=SILENT+HILL-SHATTERED+MEMORIES&amp;rft.pub=Konami&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.konami.jp%2Fproducts%2Fsilenthill_sm_wii%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ausdelay-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ausdelay_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ausdelay_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130124112058/http://au.gamespot.com/wii/action/silenthillshatteredmemories/news.html?sid=6259095">"Volcanic ash causes game delays Down Under"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive Inc">CBS Interactive Inc</a>. 20 April 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://au.gamespot.com/wii/action/silenthillshatteredmemories/news.html?sid=6259095">the original</a> on 24 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GameSpot&amp;rft.atitle=Volcanic+ash+causes+game+delays+Down+Under&amp;rft.date=2010-04-20&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fau.gamespot.com%2Fwii%2Faction%2Fsilenthillshatteredmemories%2Fnews.html%3Fsid%3D6259095&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-K-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-K_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-K_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100121051437/http://www.kotaku.com.au/2010/01/darkness-lifts-on-silent-hill-shattered-memories-australian-release-date/">"Darkness lifts on Silent Hill"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Gawker_Media" title="Gawker Media">Gawker Media</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kotaku.com.au/2010/01/darkness-lifts-on-silent-hill-shattered-memories-australian-release-date/">the original</a> on 21 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Kotaku&amp;rft.atitle=Darkness+lifts+on+Silent+Hill&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kotaku.com.au%2F2010%2F01%2Fdarkness-lifts-on-silent-hill-shattered-memories-australian-release-date%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pspjap-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pspjap_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.konami.jp/products/silenthill_sm_psp/">"SILENT HILL-SHATTERED MEMORIES"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131011757/http://www.konami.jp/products/silenthill_sm_psp/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=SILENT+HILL-SHATTERED+MEMORIES&amp;rft.pub=Konami&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.konami.jp%2Fproducts%2Fsilenthill_sm_psp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns,_Luke2014" class="citation web cs1">Burns, Luke (28 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.konami.co.uk/2014/04/28/silent-hill-origins-silent-hill-shattered-memories-on-psn-today/">"Silent Hill: Origins &amp; Silent Hill: Shattered Memories on PSN Today!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Konami" title="Konami">Konami</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140623200155/http://www.konami.co.uk/2014/04/28/silent-hill-origins-silent-hill-shattered-memories-on-psn-today/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Origins+%26+Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+on+PSN+Today%21&amp;rft.pub=Konami&amp;rft.date=2014-04-28&amp;rft.au=Burns%2C+Luke&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.konami.co.uk%2F2014%2F04%2F28%2Fsilent-hill-origins-silent-hill-shattered-memories-on-psn-today%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hardcoregamer.com/2014/04/30/silent-hill-origins-and-shattered-memories-no-longer-coming-to-ps-vita/83207/">"Silent Hill: Origins and Shattered Memories No Longer Coming to PS Vita"</a>. Hardcore Gamer. 30 April 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170622101835/http://www.hardcoregamer.com/2014/04/30/silent-hill-origins-and-shattered-memories-no-longer-coming-to-ps-vita/83207/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Origins+and+Shattered+Memories+No+Longer+Coming+to+PS+Vita&amp;rft.pub=Hardcore+Gamer&amp;rft.date=2014-04-30&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hardcoregamer.com%2F2014%2F04%2F30%2Fsilent-hill-origins-and-shattered-memories-no-longer-coming-to-ps-vita%2F83207%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metacritic_Wii-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_Wii_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_Wii_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/game/silent-hill-shattered-memories/critic-reviews/?platform=wii">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110830120722/http://www.metacritic.com/game/wii/silent-hill-shattered-memories">Archived</a> from the original on 30 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Metacritic&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories%2Fcritic-reviews%2F%3Fplatform%3Dwii&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metacritic_PS2-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_PS2_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_PS2_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/game/silent-hill-shattered-memories/critic-reviews/?platform=playstation-2">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories for the PlayStation 2"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. CBS Interactive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111116174558/http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-2/silent-hill-shattered-memories">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Metacritic&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+for+the+PlayStation+2&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories%2Fcritic-reviews%2F%3Fplatform%3Dplaystation-2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metacritic_PSP-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_PSP_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_PSP_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/game/silent-hill-shattered-memories/critic-reviews/?platform=psp">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories for the PlayStation Portable"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></i>. CBS Interactive. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100824161324/http://www.metacritic.com/game/psp/silent-hill-shattered-memories">Archived</a> from the original on 24 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Metacritic&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+for+the+PlayStation+Portable&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fgame%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories%2Fcritic-reviews%2F%3Fplatform%3Dpsp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1UP_review-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1UP_review_61-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1UP_review_61-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1UP_review_61-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywald,_Justin2009" class="citation web cs1">Haywald, Justin (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013091348/http://www.1up.com/reviews/silent-hill-shattered-memories-review">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review for Wii from 1UP"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP.com</a></i>. 1UP Games. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/do/reviewPage?cId=3177239&amp;p=44">the original</a> on 13 October 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=1UP.com&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review+for+Wii+from+1UP&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Haywald%2C+Justin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Fdo%2FreviewPage%3FcId%3D3177239%26p%3D44&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1UP_PS2/PSP-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1UP_PS2/PSP_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1UP_PS2/PSP_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaywald,_Justin2010" class="citation web cs1">Haywald, Justin (15 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105121641/http://www.1up.com/reviews/silent-hill-shattered-memories-pspps2">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories PSP/PS2 Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/1UP.com" class="mw-redirect" title="1UP.com">1UP.com</a></i>. 1UP Games. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1up.com/reviews/silent-hill-shattered-memories-pspps2">the original</a> on 5 November 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=1UP.com&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+PSP%2FPS2+Review&amp;rft.date=2010-01-15&amp;rft.au=Haywald%2C+Justin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.1up.com%2Freviews%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories-pspps2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GamePro_review-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GamePro_review_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GamePro_review_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerring,_Will2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Herring, Will (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607063052/http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/213162/silent-hill-shattered-memories/">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review from GamePro"</a>. <i>GamePro</i>. GamePro Media. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamepro.com/article/reviews/213162/silent-hill-shattered-memories/">the original</a> on 7 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=GamePro&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review+from+GamePro&amp;rft.date=2009-12-08&amp;rft.au=Herring%2C+Will&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamepro.com%2Farticle%2Freviews%2F213162%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GameSpot_review-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameSpot_review_64-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson,_Lark2009" class="citation web cs1">Anderson, Lark (10 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/wii/action/silenthillshatteredmemories/review.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a></i>. CBS Interactive Inc. p.&#160;1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329174452/http://www.gamespot.com/silent-hill-shattered-memories/reviews/silent-hill-shattered-memories-review-6242751/">Archived</a> from the original on 29 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GameSpot&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.date=2009-12-10&amp;rft.au=Anderson%2C+Lark&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Fwii%2Faction%2Fsilenthillshatteredmemories%2Freview.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GameSpy_review-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GameSpy_review_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameSpy_review_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GameSpy_review_65-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGallegos,_Anthony2009" class="citation web cs1">Gallegos, Anthony (10 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wii.gamespy.com/wii/silent-hill/1054033p1.html">"The Consensus: Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GameSpy" title="GameSpy">GameSpy</a></i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">1–</span>2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120411203803/http://wii.gamespy.com/wii/silent-hill/1054033p1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GameSpy&amp;rft.atitle=The+Consensus%3A+Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E2&amp;rft.date=2009-12-10&amp;rft.au=Gallegos%2C+Anthony&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwii.gamespy.com%2Fwii%2Fsilent-hill%2F1054033p1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Game_Trailers_Review-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Trailers_Review_66-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Game_Trailers_Review_66-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=11129">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Reviews, Trailers, and Interviews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameTrailers" title="GameTrailers">GameTrailers</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605163741/http://www.gametrailers.com/gamereview.php?id=11129">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Reviews%2C+Trailers%2C+and+Interviews&amp;rft.pub=GameTrailers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gametrailers.com%2Fgamereview.php%3Fid%3D11129&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGN_PS2-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_PS2_67-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_PS2_67-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasamassina,_Matt2010" class="citation web cs1">Casamassina, Matt (1 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ps2.ign.com/articles/106/1065715p3.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. p.&#160;3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120415074030/http://ps2.ign.com/articles/106/1065715p3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IGN&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.date=2010-02-01&amp;rft.au=Casamassina%2C+Matt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fps2.ign.com%2Farticles%2F106%2F1065715p3.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IGN_PSP-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_PSP_68-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-IGN_PSP_68-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasamassina,_Matt2010" class="citation web cs1">Casamassina, Matt (26 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://psp.ign.com/articles/106/1063848p3.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. IGN Entertainment, Inc. p.&#160;3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100528115842/http://psp.ign.com/articles/106/1063848p3.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IGN&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.date=2010-01-26&amp;rft.au=Casamassina%2C+Matt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpsp.ign.com%2Farticles%2F106%2F1063848p3.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nintendo_Power-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nintendo_Power_69-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nintendo_Power_69-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nintendo Power, Volume 249</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiant_Bomb_staff2009" class="citation web cs1">Giant Bomb staff (28 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giantbomb.com/news/giant-bombs-game-of-the-year-2009-day-two/1806/">"Giant Bomb's Game of the Year Year 2009, Day Two"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">Giant Bomb</a></i>. CBS Interactive Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324054238/http://www.giantbomb.com/news/giant-bombs-game-of-the-year-2009-day-two/1806/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Giant+Bomb&amp;rft.atitle=Giant+Bomb%27s+Game+of+the+Year+Year+2009%2C+Day+Two&amp;rft.date=2009-12-28&amp;rft.au=Giant+Bomb+staff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giantbomb.com%2Fnews%2Fgiant-bombs-game-of-the-year-2009-day-two%2F1806%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiant_Bomb_staff2010" class="citation web cs1">Giant Bomb staff (1 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giantbomb.com/news/giant-bombs-wii-game-of-the-year-2009/1814/">"Giant Bomb's Wii Game Of The Year, 2009"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">Giant Bomb</a></i>. CBS Interactive Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110907075009/http://www.giantbomb.com/news/giant-bombs-wii-game-of-the-year-2009/1814/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Giant+Bomb&amp;rft.atitle=Giant+Bomb%27s+Wii+Game+Of+The+Year%2C+2009&amp;rft.date=2010-01-01&amp;rft.au=Giant+Bomb+staff&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giantbomb.com%2Fnews%2Fgiant-bombs-wii-game-of-the-year-2009%2F1814%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NL_Milthon_Awards-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NL_Milthon_Awards_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NL_Milthon_Awards_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRonaghan,_Neal2010" class="citation web cs1">Ronaghan, Neal (16 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/24066">"Silent Hill Developers Win Award"</a>. <i>Nintendo Life</i>. Nlife Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100923030609/http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/news/24066">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nintendo+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill+Developers+Win+Award&amp;rft.date=2010-09-16&amp;rft.au=Ronaghan%2C+Neal&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendoworldreport.com%2Fnews%2F24066&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurchese,_Robert2010" class="citation web cs1">Purchese, Robert (1 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/uk-charts-heavy-rain-is-number-one">"UK charts: Heavy Rain is number one"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%239+-+Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.pub=NintendoWorldReport&amp;rft.date=2012-09-07&amp;rft.au=Goergen%2C+Andy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendoworldreport.com%2Ffeature%2F31540&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140301224523/http://www.edge-online.com/features/the-making-of-silent-hill-shattered-memories/">"The Making Of: Silent Hill Shattered Memories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Edge_(magazine)" title="Edge (magazine)">Edge</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Future_plc" title="Future plc">Future plc</a>. 7 February 2014. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=VideoGamer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Top+10+Nerve+Shredding+Video+Games&amp;rft.pages=4&amp;rft.date=2010-02-18&amp;rft.au=Yin-Poole%2C+Wesley&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videogamer.com%2Fwii%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories%2Ffeatures%2Farticle%2Ftop_10_nerve_shredding_video_games_2.html%3Fpage%3D4&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRemo,_ChrisNutt,_ChristianSheffield,_BrandonCowan,_Danny2009" class="citation web cs1">Remo, Chris; Nutt, Christian; <a href="/wiki/Brandon_Sheffield" title="Brandon Sheffield">Sheffield, Brandon</a>; Cowan, Danny; Alexander, Leigh; Graft, Kris (24 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/4224/gamasutras_best_of_2009.php?page=7">"Top 10 Overlooked Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Gamasutra" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamasutra">Gamasutra</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/UBM_plc" title="UBM plc">UBM plc</a>. p.&#160;7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111122040050/http://www.gamasutra.com/view/feature/4224/gamasutras_best_of_2009.php?page=7">Archived</a> from the original on 22 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Gamasutra&amp;rft.atitle=Top+10+Overlooked+Games&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.date=2009-12-24&amp;rft.au=Remo%2C+Chris&amp;rft.au=Nutt%2C+Christian&amp;rft.au=Sheffield%2C+Brandon&amp;rft.au=Cowan%2C+Danny&amp;rft.au=Alexander%2C+Leigh&amp;rft.au=Graft%2C+Kris&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamasutra.com%2Fview%2Ffeature%2F4224%2Fgamasutras_best_of_2009.php%3Fpage%3D7&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWales,_Matt2011" class="citation web cs1">Wales, Matt (27 July 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.wii.ign.com/articles/118/1184476p2.html">"Keeping Wii Alive"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/IGN" title="IGN">IGN</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/IGN_Entertainment,_Inc" class="mw-redirect" title="IGN Entertainment, Inc">IGN Entertainment, Inc</a>. p.&#160;2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120613031211/http://uk.wii.ign.com/articles/118/1184476p2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 June 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IGN&amp;rft.atitle=Keeping+Wii+Alive&amp;rft.pages=2&amp;rft.date=2011-07-27&amp;rft.au=Wales%2C+Matt&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.wii.ign.com%2Farticles%2F118%2F1184476p2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchilling,_Chris2010" class="citation web cs1">Schilling, Chris (19 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/7028312/Silent-Hill-Shattered-Memories-video-game-review.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories video game review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110403100809/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/video-games/7028312/Silent-Hill-Shattered-Memories-video-game-review.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Telegraph&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+video+game+review&amp;rft.date=2010-02-19&amp;rft.au=Schilling%2C+Chris&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftechnology%2Fvideo-games%2F7028312%2FSilent-Hill-Shattered-Memories-video-game-review.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones,_James2010" class="citation web cs1">Jones, James (20 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nintendoworldreport.com/feature/22779">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories - Feature"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+-+Feature&amp;rft.pub=Nintendo+World+Report&amp;rft.date=2010-03-20&amp;rft.au=Jones%2C+James&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendoworldreport.com%2Ffeature%2F22779&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander,_Leigh2009" class="citation web cs1">Alexander, Leigh (21 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/silent-hill-shattered-memories-1798218572">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Onion" title="The Onion">The Onion</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130116013926/http://www.avclub.com/articles/silent-hill-shattered-memories,36506/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 January 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories&amp;rft.date=2009-12-21&amp;rft.au=Alexander%2C+Leigh&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories-1798218572&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKontoudis,_Michael2010" class="citation web cs1">Kontoudis, Michael (23 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120716131508/http://palgn.com.au/nintendo-wii/15787/silent-hill-shattered-memories-review/">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i>PALGN</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://palgn.com.au/nintendo-wii/15787/silent-hill-shattered-memories-review/">the original</a> on 16 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PALGN&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.date=2010-04-23&amp;rft.au=Kontoudis%2C+Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpalgn.com.au%2Fnintendo-wii%2F15787%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories-review%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VideoGamer-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VideoGamer_83-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly,_Neon2010" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Neon (17 March 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.videogamer.com/wii/silent_hill_shattered_memories/review-3.html">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review for Wii"</a>. <i>VideoGamer.com</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=VideoGamer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review+for+Wii&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.date=2010-03-17&amp;rft.au=Kelly%2C+Neon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videogamer.com%2Fwii%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories%2Freview-3.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GamesRadar_review-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GamesRadar_review_84-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert,_Henry2009" class="citation web cs1">Gilbert, Henry (8 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesradar.com/silent-hill-shattered-memories/">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GamesRadar" class="mw-redirect" title="GamesRadar">GamesRadar</a></i>. 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Pro-G Media Ltd. p.&#160;2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150910013933/http://www.videogamer.com/wii/silent_hill_shattered_memories/preview-2125-2.html">Archived</a> from the original on 10 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=VideoGamer.com&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Preview&amp;rft.pages=2&amp;rft.date=2009-11-26&amp;rft.au=Kelly%2C+Neon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.videogamer.com%2Fwii%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories%2Fpreview-2125-2.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShoemaker,_Brad2009" class="citation web cs1">Shoemaker, Brad (29 December 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.giantbomb.com/silent-hill-shattered-memories/61-25707/reviews/">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Giant_Bomb" title="Giant Bomb">Giant Bomb</a></i>. CBS Interactive Inc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120324054230/http://www.giantbomb.com/silent-hill-shattered-memories/61-25707/reviews/">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Giant+Bomb&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Review&amp;rft.date=2009-12-29&amp;rft.au=Shoemaker%2C+Brad&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.giantbomb.com%2Fsilent-hill-shattered-memories%2F61-25707%2Freviews%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcMahon,_Chris" class="citation web cs1">McMahon, Chris. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.play-mag.co.uk/general/the-ten-best-looking-psp-games/">"The Ten Best-Looking PSP Games"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Play_(UK_magazine)" title="Play (UK magazine)">Play</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Publishing" title="Imagine Publishing">Imagine Publishing</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719184423/http://www.play-mag.co.uk/general/the-ten-best-looking-psp-games/">Archived</a> from the original on 19 July 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Play&amp;rft.atitle=The+Ten+Best-Looking+PSP+Games&amp;rft.au=McMahon%2C+Chris&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.play-mag.co.uk%2Fgeneral%2Fthe-ten-best-looking-psp-games%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewton,_James2010" class="citation web cs1">Newton, James (16 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2010/09/silent_hill_shattered_memories_nets_a_best_audio_award">"Silent Hill: Shattered Memories Nets a Best Audio Award"</a>. <i>Nintendo Life</i>. Nlife Ltd. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150908143027/http://www.nintendolife.com/news/2010/09/silent_hill_shattered_memories_nets_a_best_audio_award">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nintendo+Life&amp;rft.atitle=Silent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories+Nets+a+Best+Audio+Award&amp;rft.date=2010-09-16&amp;rft.au=Newton%2C+James&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nintendolife.com%2Fnews%2F2010%2F09%2Fsilent_hill_shattered_memories_nets_a_best_audio_award&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASilent+Hill%3A+Shattered+Memories" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Silent_Hill:_Shattered_Memories&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="/wiki/Silent_Hill" title="Silent Hill">Silent Hill</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(video_game)" title="Silent Hill (video game)">Silent Hill</a></i> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Shattered Memories</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_2" title="Silent Hill 2">Silent Hill 2</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_2_(2024_video_game)" title="Silent Hill 2 (2024 video game)">remake</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_3" title="Silent Hill 3">Silent Hill 3</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_4:_The_Room" title="Silent Hill 4: The Room">4: The Room</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Origins" title="Silent Hill: Origins">Origins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Homecoming" title="Silent Hill: Homecoming">Homecoming</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Downpour" title="Silent Hill: Downpour">Downpour</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_f" title="Silent Hill f">Silent Hill f</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_The_Arcade" title="Silent Hill: The Arcade">The Arcade</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Orphan" title="Silent Hill: Orphan">Orphan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_The_Escape" title="Silent Hill: The Escape">The Escape</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_HD_Collection" title="Silent Hill HD Collection">HD Collection</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Book_of_Memories" title="Silent Hill: Book of Memories">Book of Memories</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/P.T._(video_game)" title="P.T. (video game)">P.T.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hills" title="Silent Hills">Silent Hills</a></i> (canceled)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_The_Short_Message" title="Silent Hill: The Short Message">The Short Message</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Silent_Hill_series_characters" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Silent Hill series characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mason" title="Heather Mason">Heather Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Sunderland_(Silent_Hill)" title="James Sunderland (Silent Hill)">James Sunderland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyramid_Head" title="Pyramid Head">Pyramid Head</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Silent_Hill_media" title="List of Silent Hill media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(comics)" title="Silent Hill (comics)">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(film_series)" title="Silent Hill (film series)">Films</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill_(film)" title="Silent Hill (film)">Silent Hill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Hill:_Revelation" title="Silent Hill: Revelation">Revelation</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_to_Silent_Hill" title="Return to Silent Hill">Return to</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" 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class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754133#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754133#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165808221">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb165808221">BnF data</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/9f840b40-f3d5-4b5b-a3d1-baab27cc16e5">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐56848dbf48‐j8gsd Cached time: 20250102215539 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.117 seconds Real time usage: 1.333 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7837/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 221161/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12076/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 354398/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.688/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 9040105/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 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Water management in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo
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<ul id="toc-Geography_and_climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sector_responsibilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sector_responsibilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Sector responsibilities</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sector_responsibilities-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Sector responsibilities subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Sector_responsibilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Responsibility_for_policy_and_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsibility_for_policy_and_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Responsibility for policy and regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsibility_for_policy_and_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Master_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Master_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Master plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Master_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Responsibility_for_service_provision" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsibility_for_service_provision"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Responsibility for service provision</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsibility_for_service_provision-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Water challenges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Water_challenges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Water challenges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Water_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Poverty_and_inappropriate_land_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Poverty_and_inappropriate_land_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Poverty and inappropriate land use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Poverty_and_inappropriate_land_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_scarcity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_scarcity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Water scarcity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_scarcity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_conflicts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_conflicts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Water conflicts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_conflicts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inefficient_water_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inefficient_water_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Inefficient water use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inefficient_water_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flooding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flooding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Flooding</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flooding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Approaches_to_address_the_challenges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Approaches_to_address_the_challenges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Approaches to address the challenges</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Approaches_to_address_the_challenges-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Approaches to address the challenges subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Approaches_to_address_the_challenges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pollution_control_and_slum_upgrading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pollution_control_and_slum_upgrading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Pollution control and slum upgrading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pollution_control_and_slum_upgrading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reducing_water_losses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reducing_water_losses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Reducing water losses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reducing_water_losses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_reuse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_reuse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Water reuse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_reuse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tapping_new_water_sources:_The_Macro-Metropolis_Plan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tapping_new_water_sources:_The_Macro-Metropolis_Plan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Tapping new water sources: The Macro-Metropolis Plan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tapping_new_water_sources:_The_Macro-Metropolis_Plan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Water conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water_conservation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Watershed_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Watershed_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Watershed protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Watershed_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Financing-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Financing subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Domestic_financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Domestic_financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Domestic financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Domestic_financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>External financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inter-American_Development_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inter-American_Development_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Inter-American Development Bank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inter-American_Development_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Japan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_Bank" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_Bank"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>World Bank</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_Bank-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" 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dir="ltr"><p> <b>Water management in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo</b>, Brazil faces several challenges, including pollution of drinking water reservoirs that are surrounded by slums, <a href="/wiki/Water_scarcity" title="Water scarcity">water scarcity</a> leading to conflicts with the <a href="/wiki/Campinas" title="Campinas">Campinas</a> Metropolitan area to the north, inefficient water use, and <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_flooding" class="mw-redirect" title="São Paulo flooding">flooding</a>. The sprawling <a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">Metropolitan Region of São Paulo</a> (MRSP) with close to 20&#160;million people is the seventh most populous urban area in the world<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the economic, financial and technical hub of Brazil. The main stakeholders in water management in MRSP are the state government, the state water and sanitation utility <a href="/wiki/Sabesp" title="Sabesp">Sabesp</a> and 39 municipal governments. A basin committee for the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> basin, which covers the entire area of the MRSP and supplies half of its water, brings together all stakeholders. It has drawn up two master plans for the management of water resources in the basin. The first was approved in 2003 and focused on <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>. The second was approved in 2009 and focused on water use conflicts. </p><p>Together the stakeholders have addressed the challenges mentioned above through massive investments in wastewater collection and treatment and slum upgrading. In the future new water sources are being developed from the <a href="/wiki/Iguape" title="Iguape">Iguape</a> river in the Ribeira valley 80&#160;km to the south of MRSP. Furthermore, the efficiency of existing water use is expected to be increased through more reuse of treated wastewater and further reductions in water losses. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first modern water supply system for São Paulo was built by a private company, the Cantareira Water Supply and Drainage Company of the City of São Paulo, in the 1880s. The company built a pipeline from the Cantareira mountains in the North to São Paulo, which would become the first element of what would later become the Cantareira system which now supplies half the water of Greater São Paulo. After the concession for the private Cantareira Water Supply and Drainage Company of the City of São Paulo had ended, the responsibility for water supply was taken over by the municipalities in the metropolitan area of São Paulo. In the early 20th century another private company, the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_Tramway,_Light_and_Power_Company" title="São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company">São Paulo Tramway, Light and Power Company</a>, built two dams on the Upper Tiete river upstream of what was then the city of São Paulo to produce electricity from hydropower for the growing city. The first was the Guarapiranga reservoir completed in 1906, followed by the Billings reservoir completed in 1935. Both reservoirs were initially used only for hydropower, but beginning in 1928 the Guarapiranga was also used for drinking water supply. As the city grew further, the Billings reservoir was also used for drinking water supply. </p><p>The 7,917 hectares (19,560 acres) <a href="/wiki/Cantareira_State_Park" title="Cantareira State Park">Cantareira State Park</a>, created in 1962, protects a large part of the metropolitan São Paulo water supply.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the 1970s the government of the state of São Paulo took a much more active role in water management. As in other Brazilian states at the time, a state water supply and sanitation company was established. The company, Sabesp, took over the responsibility for water supply and sanitation from most municipalities in the metropolitan area and in the rest of the state. At the same time, a State Environmental Agency named CETESB (Companhia Ambiental do Estado de São Paulo or The State of São Paulo Environmental Company) was created, being one of the first such agencies in Latin America. Among the first environmental measures was the state headwater protection law, which prohibited high-density residential occupation in 53% of Greater São Paulo.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also, the first wastewater collection and treatment systems were built. However, the measures proved to be ineffective. Slums spread on the shores of the Guarapiranga and Billings reservoirs, and the reservoirs were severely polluted. In 1986 the first slum upgrading program by the city of São Paulo began, all while more slums sprang up at the fringes of the metropolitan area.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_IWM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB_IWM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1990 a radio programme called “The Meeting of the Rivers” compared the Tiete River to the River Thames in the 19th century and called for action to clean up the river.<sup id="cite_ref-The_silvery_Tietê_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_silvery_Tietê-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One year later, the state parliament passed a State Water Resources Law, the first of its kind in Brazil. It foresaw the creation of basin committees for 22 basins in the entire state, including one for the most polluted basin, the Alto Tiete. At the same time a petition that called for cleaning up the Tiete River was signed by 1.2 million signatories. Subsequently, the slum upgrading program was expanded to include the slums on the shores of the Guarapiranga reservoir, with the support of the World Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank. However, in order to address pollution in the river, various entities had to work together: Sabesp was in charge of water supply and sanitation; municipalities were in charge of zoning, building permit and solid waste management; and CETESB was in charge of regulating industries that discharged their wastewater into the river. In order to better coordinate the efforts of these entities, the Alto-Tietê Basin Committee was established in 1994. It initiated the First Alto Tiete Water Resources Master Plan, which addressed the issue of urban sprawl and was approved in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2007 the state government passed the State Complementary Law 1,025 that established a State Council for Water Supply and Sanitation CONESAN to better coordinate the efforts by the state government, Sabesp and municipalities. The law strengthens the State's regulatory and enforcement role, integrates planning and implementation activities, and promotes collaboration between the state, municipalities and civil society by creating a State Council for water supply and sanitation (CONESAN). Numerous initiatives were subsequently launched, such as the R$200 million <i>Córrego Limpo</i> (Clean Stream) program started by São Paulo municipality in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Córrego_Limpo_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Córrego_Limpo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A program to control <a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_water" title="Non-revenue water">water losses</a> by Sabesp was set up in 2008. The <i>Pacto de Aguas</i> (Water Deal) by the State Environment Secretariat in 2009 was another program meant to engage all 645 municipalities in the state.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In the same year, the Second Alto Tiete Water Resources Master Plan, which addressed the issue of <a href="/wiki/Water_conflict" title="Water conflict">water conflicts</a> between various uses and stakeholders, was approved.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite these substantial efforts, it has not been possible to entirely clean up the river because new source of pollution emerged in the rapidly growing metropolitan area as older ones were brought under control. As of 2011, 55% of the municipal wastewater in São Paulo is being treated compared to only 20% twenty years earlier. The Tiete River is still biologically dead within the metropolitan area and as far as Salto 100&#160;km downstream. Twenty years earlier the severe pollution extended until Barra Bonita, 260&#160;km downstream.<sup id="cite_ref-The_silvery_Tietê_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_silvery_Tietê-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_climate">Geography and climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SaoPaulo_RM_SaoPaulo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/SaoPaulo_RM_SaoPaulo.svg/300px-SaoPaulo_RM_SaoPaulo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/SaoPaulo_RM_SaoPaulo.svg/450px-SaoPaulo_RM_SaoPaulo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/SaoPaulo_RM_SaoPaulo.svg/600px-SaoPaulo_RM_SaoPaulo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1020" data-file-height="638" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Greater_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Greater São Paulo">Greater São Paulo</a> area within the <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_State" class="mw-redirect" title="São Paulo State">São Paulo State</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The climate of the MRSP is humid and subtropical, with temperatures ranging from highs of 30&#160;°C (86&#160;°F) during summer and lows of 15&#160;°C (59&#160;°F) during winter. Rainfall is abundant, amounting to an annual average of 1,317&#160;millimetres (51.9&#160;in). It is especially common in the warmer months, and somewhat scant between June and August.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The area covered by the MRSP is almost coterminous with the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> basin. With a drainage area of 5,985&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (2.4% of the state's territory), the basin encompasses 35 of the 39 municipalities and 99.5% of the population of Greater São Paulo. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sector_responsibilities">Sector responsibilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Sector responsibilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main stakeholders in water management in MRSP are the state government, the state water and sanitation utility <a href="/wiki/Sabesp" title="Sabesp">Sabesp</a> and 35 municipal governments. A basin committee for the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> basin, which supplies the other half of the water for the MRSP, brings together all stakeholders. The legal framework at the state level is based on two key federal laws, Law 9,433 of 1997 concerning water resources management and Law 11,445 of 2007 concerning water supply and sanitation. A key state law is Law 7,663 of 1991 which created what is called the State System for Water Resource Management. The system pioneered shared decision-making in water resources management even before the same principle was embodied in federal law. However, one of the most powerful actors in the system is Sabesp and industries, which have little incentive to actively participate in the basin-level decision-making process. A main issue generating conflict since the beginning of water reform is over who receives the proceeds of bulk water pricing, once it will be implemented. Some argue for centralization at the state level and others say that if basin committees and agencies should receive the revenues to become financially self-sufficient. The expected future revenues from water charging will only constitute 10 to 15% of needed investment. The difficulties in implementing this pricing system have delayed the advancement of the overall water management system.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another important law is State Complementary Law 1,025 of 2007 concerning water supply and sanitation. The law strengthens the State's regulatory and enforcement role, integrates planning and implementation activities and promotes collaboration between the state, municipalities and civil society through a State Council for water supply and sanitation (CONESAN). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responsibility_for_policy_and_regulation">Responsibility for policy and regulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Responsibility for policy and regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The state government is a key stakeholder in the water sector. Within the state government the State Secretary for Water Supply, Sanitation and Energy (SSE) is responsible for water supply and sanitation policy.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The State Secretary for the Environment (SEA) is responsible for environmental policy, including environmental aspects of water resources management through its water resources technical advisory team.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b>State Water Resources Law</b>, passed in 1991 by the state parliament foresaw the creation of twenty-two water basin management units (Unidades de Gerenciamento de Recursos Hídricos – UGRHIs) at the state level, of which the Alto Tiete unit is one.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These units are governed by committees with the participation of the state government, municipalities and civil society. The committees are supported administratively by basin agencies. The committees were expected to initiate a new approach in planning and management, with the key elements being licensing water resources use, charging for water use and dividing the costs of multiple-use interventions which have collective benefit.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The São Paulo State Environment Agency (CETESB) is responsible for issuing environmental permits and for monitoring and enforcing compliance with pollution laws in the State.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Created in the 1970s, it was one of the first environmental protection agencies in the country, and is widely respected in Brazil and abroad for its technical competence. However, its command-and-control pollution regulations have been mostly limited to the state's largest industries and worst polluters, and as a result, some other players, such as the water and sanitation companies, have been subject to much weaker regulation and enforcement.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The State has transformed the former gas and electricity regulator into a new gas, electricity and water supply and sanitation regulator in the new multi-sector regulatory agency ARSESP (<i>Agencia Reguladora de Saneamento e Energia do Estado de São Paulo</i>). The agency organises public hearings, public consultation, and has an independent <a href="/wiki/Ombudsperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Ombudsperson">ombudsperson</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Master_plans">Master plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Master plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> water resources master plan was developed by the University of São Paulo and was approved in 2003. The first master plan (i) clarifies the main watershed issues; (ii) evaluates water uses, availability, impacts and sustainability; (iii) delineates an action plan; (iv) decides investment priorities; and (v) provides an opportunity for discussion of common problems and for their resolution. The first water resources master plan focused on the issue of urban sprawl. The second plan, approved in 2009, deals primarily with the growing conflict over water.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responsibility_for_service_provision">Responsibility for service provision</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Responsibility for service provision"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Of the 35 municipalities in the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a>, 29 (representing 79 percent of the MRSP's urban population) receive their water and sewer services directly from the State Water and Sanitation Company of São Paulo <a href="/wiki/Sabesp" title="Sabesp">Sabesp</a>. The other 6 municipalities receive treated bulk water from SABESP and distribute and bill for it via municipal utilities. Throughout the state, SABESP provides water to 23&#160;million people and sewage services to 19&#160;million. It is one of the largest water utilities in the world, and it is listed on the New York Stock Exchange.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The six municipalities in the MRSP not directly served by <a href="/wiki/Sabesp" title="Sabesp">Sabesp</a> are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diadema,_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Diadema, São Paulo">Diadema</a> (served by municipal company SANED);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Andr%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Santo André">Santo André</a> (served by municipal company SEMASA);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guarulhos" title="Guarulhos">Guarulhos</a> (served by municipal company SAAE);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mogi_das_Cruzes" title="Mogi das Cruzes">Mogi das Cruzes</a> (served by municipal company SEMAE);</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mau%C3%A1" title="Mauá">Mauá</a> (served by a private operator under a municipal concession ECOSAMA); and</li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Caetano_do_Sul" title="São Caetano do Sul">São Caetano do Sul</a> (served by municipal company DAE).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>The municipal governments have responsibility for land use planning, including the elaboration of urban master plans and the control of land zoning and development. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Water_challenges">Water challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Water challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image,_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/300px-S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="261" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/450px-S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg/600px-S%C3%A3o_Paulo_satellite_image%2C_Landsat-5_2010-04-18_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4073" data-file-height="3549" /></a><figcaption>Satellite picture of São Paulo showing the Billing and Guarapiranga reservoirs completed surrounded by built-up areas.</figcaption></figure> <p>The major water challenges in the MRSP are pollution of drinking water reservoirs that are surrounded by built-up areas including slums, water scarcity and conflicts, inefficient water use, and flooding. </p><p>Access to water supply and sanitation, as well as service quality for users, are not among the major water challenges in MRSP. It has relatively high coverage rates compared to other urban areas in Brazil: In 2004, 98.4 percent of the population had access to water through internal plumbing and 81.2 percent of the population had adequate sanitation.<sup id="cite_ref-ibge.gov.br_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ibge.gov.br-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In general, water supply is continuous. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollution">Pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the water quality information produced by the state environment agency (CETESB), the principal rivers have reasonable water quality conditions in the upstream portion of the basin; however, in the downstream portion, from the border of São Paulo onwards, the rivers are classified as being of extremely low quality. The quality of the <a href="/wiki/Guarapiranga" title="Guarapiranga">Guarapiranga</a> reservoir has worsened despite the implementation of the Guarapiranga pollution control program in 1992. The water quality of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Billings_reservoir&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Billings reservoir (page does not exist)">Billings reservoir</a> has improved since the transfer of the heavily polluted water from the Pinheiros River by the electricity company was restricted.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the main sources of water pollution in the MRSP is the slums around the <a href="/wiki/Guarapiranga" title="Guarapiranga">Guarapiranga</a> and Billings river basins because these neighborhoods often lack adequate sanitation services. The direct discharge of raw sewage into the waterbodies has caused <a href="/wiki/Eutrophication" title="Eutrophication">eutrophication</a> in both reservoirs as well as the Baixo <a href="/wiki/Cotia" title="Cotia">Cotia</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biritiba&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Biritiba (page does not exist)">Biritiba</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ribeir%C3%A3o_dos_Cristais&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ribeirão dos Cristais (page does not exist)">Ribeirão dos Cristais</a> Rivers. In addition, defects in the wastewater treatment system have caused wastewater to overflow into the tributaries of the Guarapiranga reservoir. Defects in infrastructure for collecting and transporting sewage to the wastewater treatment plants also cause problems. The dumping of industrial effluents and pesticides from agriculture has resulted in additional pollution.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_IWM_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB_IWM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>While the concentration of industry contributes to the water pollution problems in the MRSP, these are also a direct consequence of urbanization without the adequate infrastructure. Over many years within the Alto Tiete basin there was a total lack of investment in sewage collection, transport and treatment systems. Investments in treatment and collection network expansion were initiated in the Alto Tiete in the 1970s and increased substantially in the 1990s. However, as of 2005, in the municipalities within the Alto Tiete basin, only 65 percent of sewage is collected, and of this only 32 percent is treated. <a href="/wiki/Sabesp" title="Sabesp">Sabesp</a> operates 8 wastewater treatment plants in the MRSP treating more than 2&#160;billion&#160;m³ of water, representing 72 percent of the wastewater treated in the entire State. However, in <a href="/wiki/Guarulhos" title="Guarulhos">Guarulhos</a>, the second largest population of the MRSP, there is no wastewater treatment. Overall, only 47% of the wastewater collected in the metropolitan area is being treated.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The largest wastewater treatment plant is located in Guaraú on the Tiête River downstream of the city. The wastewater is channeled to the plant through interceptors along 60&#160;km of the river.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition, while the MRSP has reasonable rates of collection and disposal of domestic solid waste, the amount that is not collected or disposed of inadequately (700 metric tons of trash) is still significant in absolute terms as it is often disposed in the region's water bodies.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Poverty_and_inappropriate_land_use">Poverty and inappropriate land use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Poverty and inappropriate land use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Approximately 16 percent of the population of the MRSP is poor. The vast majority of the almost two million residents in the <a href="/wiki/Guarapiranga" title="Guarapiranga">Guarapiranga</a> and <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Represa_Billings" class="extiw" title="pt:Represa Billings">Billings</a> river basins are poor. They illegally occupied these areas given their proximity to the city center, notably the industrial and commercial areas along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Pinheiros_River" title="Pinheiros River">Pinheiros River</a> that joins the Tietê river in São Paulo. This expansion of the population to the basins around the reservoirs has occurred for several decades, and various attempts to regulate urban expansion to protect water sources have been unsuccessful. To protect strategic sources for urban water supply, the state headwater protection law, passed in the 1970s, prohibited high-density residential occupation in 53% of the MRSP.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The law was not enforced effectively. Industries were prohibited from the protected areas because they were not able to obtain commercial and industrial permits; however, since the informal economy could circumvent the law, and these forms of expansion were the hardest to monitor and regulate, the poor moved into these areas. Uncontrolled and disorderly occupation in the <a href="/wiki/Guarapiranga" title="Guarapiranga">Guarapiranga</a> and <a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Represa_Billings" class="extiw" title="pt:Represa Billings">Billings</a> reservoirs took place without adequate water and sanitation services in precisely those areas where water source protection was the most important. The informal settlements and slums have become part of the urban landscape and they cause direct pollution of the reservoirs through wastewater and garbage discharge and storm water run-off and silting, thus threatening their future as water bodies for potable supplies and other uses.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_scarcity">Water scarcity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Water scarcity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Water sources.</b> <a href="/wiki/Surface_water" title="Surface water">Surface water</a> accounts for about 80% of water use in the MRSP, and <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> for 20%. The state water utility <a href="/wiki/Sabesp" title="Sabesp">Sabesp</a> and municipal utilities obtain all their water from surface water. The annual <a href="/wiki/Water_resources" title="Water resources">water availability</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> is just 201&#160;m³ per capita, which is lower than in the driest state of the Brazilian Northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The São Paulo Council on Water Resources has defined watersheds as being in critical condition when the relationship between demand and availability surpasses 50 percent. According to this definition, the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> is in the most critical condition of all the twenty-two watersheds in the State of São Paulo, with a demand/availability ratio of 442 percent.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are eight production systems that supply drinking water to the 19&#160;million people that live in the São Paulo Metropolitan Area. All of these suffer from problems of degradation resulting from sewage pollution, deforestation and uncontrolled urban expansion in watershed areas. The main systems are the Cantareira, Guarapiranga and Billings systems which together provide the water consumed by 70% of the population.<sup id="cite_ref-ISA_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Smaller interbasin transfers to the Alto Tietê come from the Capivari and Guaratuba rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Cantareira_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Cantareira System">Cantareira System</a></b>, an <a href="/wiki/Interbasin_transfer" title="Interbasin transfer">interbasin transfer</a>, supplies nearly half the water for Greater São Paulo (31&#160;m³/s).<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is one of the biggest drinking water production systems in the world. The system is formed by six reservoirs in five basins located in the <a href="/wiki/Serra_da_Cantareira" title="Serra da Cantareira">Serra da Cantareira</a> to the North of Greater São Paulo in the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais, covering twelve municipalities, as well as the Guaraú water treatment plant. Several areas within the system have suffered deforestation, which affects the natural water production capacity. Another problem is the increasing rate of urban settlement around the reservoirs, leading in most cases to water contamination from sewage. Nevertheless, overall water quality from the Cantareira system is good.<sup id="cite_ref-ISA_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The last time the transfer from the Cantareira system has been renegotiated for another 10&#160;years was in 2004, under difficult circumstances. An expansion of the volume of this transfer is not deemed to be possible.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barragem_Guarapiranga-Sao_Paulo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Barragem_Guarapiranga-Sao_Paulo.jpg/300px-Barragem_Guarapiranga-Sao_Paulo.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Barragem_Guarapiranga-Sao_Paulo.jpg/450px-Barragem_Guarapiranga-Sao_Paulo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Barragem_Guarapiranga-Sao_Paulo.jpg/600px-Barragem_Guarapiranga-Sao_Paulo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>The Guarapiranga reservoir, which is exposed to pollution, supplies drinking water to nearly four million people.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Guarapiranga" title="Guarapiranga">Guarapiranga basin</a></b> supplies water to nearly four million people, mainly in the south-western part of the city of São Paulo. It is more than a hundred years old and has become the most endangered basin in the Greater São Paulo area. Its main problems are uncontrolled urban expansion with no basic sanitation and widespread use of the basin for economic activities, threatening natural water production.<sup id="cite_ref-ISA_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Billings_Reservoir" title="Billings Reservoir">Billings Reservoir</a></b> was constructed to provide power supply to the new emerging industrial São Paulo in the 1930s. It is one of the biggest metropolitan water reservoirs in the world, but due to inadequate urban planning and the lack of wastewater treatment in the MRSP, it became heavily polluted during the 1980s. In the 1990s, environmental control over the reservoir became more restrictive and the water quality improved. As of 2009, the Billings Reservoir supplies water to over two and a half million people. Its main source of pollution is the Pinheiros River, whose water has been pumped into the Billings basin for over sixty years in order to provide water for the hydropower generation. The Billings Reservoir also plays an important role in flood control for the MRSP. Urban settlements in the area with no basic sanitation and extensive land use have also jeopardized water quality in the basin. Since 2000, part of the Billings water supply has been sent to the Guarapiranga reservoir in order to complement its water production capacity. Hydropower production, potable water supply and flood control are conflicting uses for the Billings Reservoir.<sup id="cite_ref-ISA_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ISA-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Both the Guarapiranga and the Billings basin face serious water quality issues due to the extensive presence of urban slums with no sewage or solid waste collection system. The banks of the basins were originally designated as environmentally protected areas, but they were quickly invaded by poor immigrants to the metropolitan region in search of work and opportunity. During the 1990s the population on the banks of the Billings grew by over 50 percent, resulting in the deterioration of the environmentally protected areas in the vicinity of the headwaters. These highly unequal and disparate types of urban occupancy have limited or no basic urban infrastructure, and people live in shacks built on steep hillsides, in valley bottoms, flood-prone areas, flood plains or perched along the banks of rivers and streams, with limited or no access to proper sanitation. There are also conflicts over water use with hydropower production. </p><p><b>Groundwater</b> is used by industries (35% of wells), private homes and apartment buildings (25%) and services (24%).<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The amount of <a href="/wiki/Groundwater_recharge" title="Groundwater recharge">groundwater recharge</a> and abstraction is not well known, but its recharge is estimated at 15m3/s and extraction at 10m3/s, and it is expected to increase. The increasing use of groundwater is a result of SABESP's pricing policy that is not conducive to conservation and a lack of monitoring and control of groundwater use. In municipalities where water and sanitation is supplied not by Sabesp but by local government, the government's lack of ability in expanding water supply exacerbates the exploitation of groundwater resources.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There is a high threat of groundwater contamination, especially in the Eastern part of the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Water demand.</b> Water demand in the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> in 2004 was as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" border="1"> <tbody><tr> <th>Municipal water demand </th> <th>Industrial water demand </th> <th>Irrigation water demand </th> <th>Total water demand </th></tr> <tr> <td>68.50&#160;m³/s </td> <td>14.33&#160;m³/s </td> <td>3.59&#160;m³/s </td> <td>86.42&#160;m³/s </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_conflicts">Water conflicts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Water conflicts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> there is growing conflict between drinking water supply and irrigation. Only one sub-basin of the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a> can expand its potable water supply from the current supply of 10&#160;m³/s up to 15&#160;m³/s. In other water basins serving the MRSP this is not the case. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/Guarapiranga" title="Guarapiranga">Guarapiranga</a> and <a href="/wiki/Billings_Reservoir" title="Billings Reservoir">Billings</a> basin there is also a conflict with hydropower production. The second State Water Resources Master Plan, approved in 2009, focuses on the conflict over water use.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inefficient_water_use">Inefficient water use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: Inefficient water use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The level of <a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_water" title="Non-revenue water">non-revenue water</a> in the MRSP is estimated at 40%, meaning that 40% of water supplied to the network is either lost through leakage or, even if delivered to customers, is not being billed. In the municipalities served by <a href="/wiki/Sabesp" title="Sabesp">Sabesp</a> the level of NRW is only 28%, while it is more than 50% in some of the municipalities that are directly in charge of distributing water that is supplied to them in bulk by Sabesp.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flooding">Flooding</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: Flooding"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The densification and verticalization of urban settlement have resulted in increased impermeability of soils. Specifically, urbanization has led to the impermeability of 37% of land within the Alto Tiete basin. The result has been that urban areas are both the causes of increased flooding and its main victims. Since 1998, a Macro-Drainage Plan for the Alto-Tiete basin has been under preparation in order to diagnose existing and expected problems and devise solutions from a technical, economic and environmental perspective. However, the problem is one of land-use planning, which is the responsibility of the municipalities, even though it affects <a href="/wiki/Water_resource_policy" title="Water resource policy">water resource policy</a>, which is a responsibility of the state.<sup id="cite_ref-Formiga_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Formiga-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Approaches_to_address_the_challenges">Approaches to address the challenges</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: Approaches to address the challenges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been many joint efforts by Brazilian authorities, often with the support of multilateral lending agencies, to tackle the water and poverty challenges in the MRSP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pollution_control_and_slum_upgrading">Pollution control and slum upgrading</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Pollution control and slum upgrading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pollution control projects provide sewerage as well as wastewater treatment, green areas, and promote community awareness. Since 1986, the municipal government of São Paulo has carried out <a href="/wiki/Slum_upgrading" title="Slum upgrading">slum upgrading</a> interventions in 81 slums, benefiting over 87,000 households, and currently it is pressing ahead with slum upgrading works in more than 27 communities which will benefit around 72,000 households. The municipality of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bernardo_do_Campo" title="São Bernardo do Campo">São Bernardo do Campo</a> also has broad experience in slum rehabilitation, having undertaken civil works and related interventions in 62 slums, benefiting approximately 18,000 households.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_IWM_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB_IWM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their experience in slum upgrading led it being awarded a Best Practice and Local Leadership Program Award by UN-Habitat.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Tietê Project was launched in September 1991 by the State Government launched the Tietê Project to clean up the rivers and reservoirs of the São Paulo area. It involved the construction of sewerage and municipal wastewater treatment plants by Sabesp as well as the construction of <a href="/wiki/Industrial_wastewater_treatment" title="Industrial wastewater treatment">industrial wastewater treatment</a> plants.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The project has four phases, of which the first two are completed. The third phase will end in 2015, and the fourth phase should run from 2013 to 2018 with the aim of universal treatment of wastewater. During the three first phases US$2.65 billion were invested or are in the process of being invested. 4,450&#160;km of collecting networks will be installed, 1,135&#160;km of interceptors, 740,000 new connections to residences and three new wastewater treatment plants. Foreign financing was obtained from the Inter-American Development Bank, the World Bank and <a href="/wiki/JICA" class="mw-redirect" title="JICA">JICA</a> from Japan. The fourth phase of the Tietê project will cost US$1.9 billion. Sabesp has approached <a href="/wiki/KfW" title="KfW">KfW</a> (Germany), AFD (French Development Agency), CAF (Corporação Andina de Fomento), <a href="/wiki/International_Finance_Corporation" title="International Finance Corporation">IFC</a>, besides commercial banks such as <a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley" title="Morgan Stanley">Morgan Stanley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Santander_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Santander Group">Santander</a>, Itaú, Banco do Brasil, Bradesco, <a href="/wiki/HSBC" title="HSBC">HSBC</a>, and Caixa Economica for financing.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reducing_water_losses">Reducing water losses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: Reducing water losses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sabesp has implemented a ten-year program (2008–2018) to control and reduce <a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_water" title="Non-revenue water">non-revenue water</a> by enhancing infrastructure, combating fraud and illegal connections, and improving staff training.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> So far there has been no comparable effort to reduce non-revenue water in municipalities that receive water from Sabesp and distribute it themselves, where levels of NRW are higher than in municipalities where Sabesp distributes water. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_reuse">Water reuse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: Water reuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The reuse of treated wastewater is still a novel concept in Brazil due to absence of a proper legal framework. Only 2 percent of companies reuse treated wastewater, despite the fact that it costs only 8 percent of the conventional rate (though transport costs can be significantly higher from the wastewater treatment plant to the company).<sup id="cite_ref-Reuse_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Reuse-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1997 the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) defined instructions and parameters (NBR 13969) for waste<a href="/wiki/Water_reuse" class="mw-redirect" title="Water reuse">water reuse</a>, including the level of treatment required based on the reuse activities. Federal Resolution 54/2005 of the National Council of Water Resources states that direct non-potable treated wastewater can be used in landscape irrigation, washing public streets, fire fighting, agricultural production, industrial activities and environmental projects. Currently a draft resolution is under consideration by the São Paulo Secretariats of Health, Environment, and Water Supply, Sanitation and Energy on urban wastewater reuse; however, as of 2009 the State had no legal framework on this issue. Only the municipality of São Paulo, within the MRSP, had issued its own regulations mandating the use of reused water for the washing of streets, sidewalks and plazas and irrigating parks, gardens and sports fields.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November 2012 Sabesp and Foz Brazil, a subsidiary of the conglomerate <a href="/wiki/Odebrecht" title="Odebrecht">Odebrecht</a>, inaugurated the largest industrial water reuse project in Brazil, Aquapolo Ambiental. It provides 1 cubic meter per second to the petrochemical complex Capuava in <a href="/wiki/Mau%C3%A1" title="Mauá">Mauá</a> in the eastern part of the metropolitan region through a 17&#160;km pipeline. The cost of the reclaimed water is lower than drinking water, and drinking water that was used at the complex is now made available for municipal use.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tapping_new_water_sources:_The_Macro-Metropolis_Plan">Tapping new water sources: The Macro-Metropolis Plan</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Edit section: Tapping new water sources: The Macro-Metropolis Plan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the long-term plans to provide more water to the Metropolitan area of São Paulo is the Macro-Metropolis Plan, which covers three metropolitan regions: Metro São Paulo; the meso-region of <a href="/wiki/Campinas" title="Campinas">Campinas</a> with 3.6&#160;million inhabitants (2005 est.) and 49 cities; and the coastal metropolitan region south of São Paulo. Overall this macro-metropolis includes 152 municipalities with 30&#160;million inhabitants. The tentative plans to supply this region with water consider adding 80m3/s of water supply to the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A water diversion project, the Sao Lourenco Water Producing System, is to bring water from the Iguape River in the Ribeira valley 80&#160;km south of MRSP.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The $823 million system to provide 4.7 cubic meter per second will be developed under a public-private partnership. In early 2013 bidding was underway and the system is expected to be operational in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Water_conservation">Water conservation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Edit section: Water conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Average per capita water use in São Paulo is about 180 liters per day, with large variations between the rich and poor. This compares to an average water use of less than 120 liter per capita and day in much richer <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Germany" title="Water supply and sanitation in Germany">Germany</a>. Some Brazilian observers, such as Aldo Rebouças, an engineer at the University of São Paulo, have argued that 100 liter per capita would be sufficient and that there is substantial scope for water conservation in São Paulo making expensive new projects to bring water from far away unnecessary. Sabesp has argued that per capita water consumption has already decreased 20 percent over six years.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Watershed_protection">Watershed protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Edit section: Watershed protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>To address declining water yields and deteriorating water quality in the Cantareira system in Brazil's Atlantic Forest, the <a href="/wiki/Nature_Conservancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature Conservancy">Nature Conservancy</a> supports Brazil's first Water Producer Program. As part of the program the Extrema municipality in the Piracicaba watershed directs funds collected from water users to pay farmers and ranchers who protect or restore riparian forests on their lands. Landowners are earning about $28 per acre per year for the water their forests are producing.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Financing">Financing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Domestic_financing">Domestic financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Edit section: Domestic financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Growth Acceleration Program (<a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programa_de_Acelera%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Crescimento" class="extiw" title="pt:Programa de Aceleração de Crescimento">Programa de Aceleração de Crescimento - PAC</a>).</b> The PAC is an ambitious Federal program designed to direct investment to various important infrastructure sectors. Key PAC investment areas include water supply and sanitation, slum and urban upgrading and housing. PAC funds are being provided to State and municipal governments on both a loan and grant basis. In the MRSP, joint requests for PAC resources have been made to the Federal Government by the State Secretariat for Water and Energy, the São Paulo Municipal Government and the State Housing and Urban Development Company (CDHU – with particular emphasis on slum and urban upgrading, expansion of solid waste collection systems and resettlement of families. </p><p><b>Water abstraction charges.</b> It is expected that beginning in 2010 charges for the abstraction of water will be introduced in the <a href="/wiki/Tiet%C3%AA_River" title="Tietê River">Alto Tietê</a>. Revenues from these charges are expected to be used to finance priority investments to rehabilitate the watershed. Revenues from these charges are expected to be in the order of US$25&#160;million, which is only the fraction of the annual investments of Sabesp which stand at US$700&#160;million.<sup id="cite_ref-Porto_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porto-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Programa Córrego Limpo is a R$200&#160;million Sabesp-Municipality of São Paulo program initiated in 2007 to remove wastewater pollution from 100 <a href="/wiki/Urban_stream" title="Urban stream">urban streams</a> throughout the MRSP. As of 2010, 96 streams have been cleaned up.<sup id="cite_ref-Córrego_Limpo_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Córrego_Limpo-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Pacto das Águas</i> (Water Deal) is a program initiated in 2009 by the State Secretariat of Environment to engage all 645 municipalities in the state, encouraging them to set goals for improving water management including sanitation and headwaters and spring protection. The program was accompanied by media and educational campaigns, as well as workshops for capacity building.<sup id="cite_ref-WWF_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WWF-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="External_financing">External financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Edit section: External financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>External financing is provided by the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a>, <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a> and other external agencies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inter-American_Development_Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Edit section: Inter-American Development Bank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>On-going projects</b>: Phase Three of the Tiete River Cleanup Program<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> - A project approved in October 2009 for which the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a> made available $600&#160;million in form of a loan. The purpose of the project is to increase the rate of wastewater collection and treatment in the MRSP and thereby to restore the water quality of the <a href="/wiki/Tiete_river" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiete river">Tiete river</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In December 2010 the IDB approved another US$115.7m loan to support a US$200m project "to recover the environmental and social function of the Alto Río Tiete", with investments in São Paulo, Guaraulhos, <a href="/wiki/Itaquaquecetuba" title="Itaquaquecetuba">Itaquaquecetuba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bridle" title="Bridle">Bridle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suzano" title="Suzano">Suzano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mogi_das_Cruzes" title="Mogi das Cruzes">Mogi das Cruzes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Biritiba-Mirim" title="Biritiba-Mirim">Biritiba-Mirim</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salesopolis" class="mw-redirect" title="Salesopolis">Salesopolis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2009 the IDB approved a US$0.75m grant to support the Regulatory Agency for Sanitation and Energy in São Paulo.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Completed projects</b>: Tietê River Decontamination (1999–2008)<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – A US$1.5&#160;billion Sabesp program financed by the <a href="/wiki/Inter-American_Development_Bank" title="Inter-American Development Bank">Inter-American Development Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/BNDES" class="mw-redirect" title="BNDES">BNDES</a> to expand wastewater collection and treatment in MRSP – with a focus on the wastewater system's trunk infrastructure and treatment works, as well as service expansion in formal areas of the city. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Japan">Japan</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Edit section: Japan"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Study on Integrated Plan of Environmental Improvement of Billings Reservoir (initiated in 2008)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – A <a href="/wiki/Japan_International_Cooperation_Agency" title="Japan International Cooperation Agency">Japan International Cooperation Agency</a>-financed initiative with SABESP and the municipal government of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bernardo_do_Campo" title="São Bernardo do Campo">São Bernardo do Campo</a> to study the expansion of sanitation infrastructure throughout the municipality. JICA has stated its intention to invest up to $100&#160;million in the actions identified by the study to reduce pollution of the Billings reservoir, including expansion of wastewater infrastructure, remediation of a deactivated sanitary landfill and expansion of green areas and parks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="World_Bank">World Bank</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Edit section: World Bank"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>On-going projects</b>: The Mananciais Program for Integrated Water Management in Metropolitan São Paulo (approved in 2009) - A $283&#160;million project co-financed by World Bank loans (US$131m), the state government ($ 57m), Sabesp ($ 25m) and the two participating municipalities ($ 26m). Its objectives are: (i) to protect and maintain the quality and reliability of the MRSP's water resources; (ii) to improve the quality of life of the poor populations residing in key targeted urban river basins in MRSP; and (iii) to strengthen institutional capacity and improve metropolitan management and coordination in water resources management, water pollution control, land-use policy and basic service provision.<sup id="cite_ref-WB_IWM_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WB_IWM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It does so by supporting "institutional capacity building", urban upgrading, environmental protection and recovery, as well as "integrated water supply and sanitation". Specifically, the project will include reforestation, the creation of green spaces and protected areas, the "urbanization of slums", housing for resettled people, water quality monitoring, environmental education, the preparation of land use laws as well as "studies on metropolitan governance". The program has four phases. The first two phases, approved in 2009, included loans for the State of São Paulo and Sabesp. The third and fourth phases, approved in 2012, include loans for the municipalities of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Bernardo_do_Campo" title="São Bernardo do Campo">São Bernardo do Campo</a> in the drainage area of the Billings Reservoir and <a href="/wiki/Guarulhos" title="Guarulhos">Guarulhos</a> in the Upper Tiete drainage area.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Reagua is a project jointly financed by the World Bank and the State of São Paulo to recover water quantity and quality in the five most critical watersheds in the State, including the Alto Tietê. It will focus on activities that increase the availability of water within the State, including reducing <a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_water" title="Non-revenue water">non-revenue water</a>, promoting the rational use of water, constructing sanitation systems and incentivizing the reuse of treated wastewater. A USD 64.5 million loan to support the project was approved by the World Bank in May 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Completed projects</b>: São Paulo Water Quality and Pollution Control Project (1994–2000)<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – A $387&#160;million project co-financed by the State and the <a href="/wiki/World_Bank" title="World Bank">World Bank</a>, which initiated the learning of the Guarapiranga river basin, implemented the institutional capacity to manage the basin in an environmentally sustainable manner and improved the quality of life of residents of the slums and illegal settlements in the basin by providing them with water supply and sanitation services. Among the achievements of the Guarapiranga project (along with other similar programs) were the slum upgrading activities, which took place in 52 slums. The project contributed to increased community awareness, as reflected in the enhanced level of respect for public areas, equipment and amenities, in the upgrading of households with residents’ own funds and in the overall post-program increase in real estate values. Nevertheless, pollution problems discussed earlier in the article concerning the Guarapiranga river basin continue largely unabated. The water quality of the reservoir and its rivers, creeks and other tributaries is declining by the year given that only half of the dwellings have some sort of solid waste collection system and most of the solid waste collected continues to be disposed of in the reservoir as many poor households still have no formal wastewater collection and disposal at all.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_Brazil" title="Water supply and sanitation in Brazil">Water supply and sanitation in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_Brazil" title="Water resources management in Brazil">Water resources management in Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Brazilian_drought" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 Brazilian drought">2015 Brazilian drought</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Water_management_in_the_Metropolitan_Region_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist 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Britannia Adelphi Hotel
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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adelphi_Hotel_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adelphi_Hotel_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Adelphi Hotel in media</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adelphi_Hotel_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel" title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%82_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%81%D9%89" title="فندق بريتانيا اديلفى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="فندق بريتانيا اديلفى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel" title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8B%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9B%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB" title="ブリタニア・アデルフィ・ホテル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブリタニア・アデルフィ・ホテル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%8D%E5%88%97%E9%A1%9B%E9%98%BF%E5%BE%B7%E8%8F%B2%E9%85%92%E5%BA%97" title="不列顛阿德菲酒店 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="不列顛阿德菲酒店" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;params=53.40549_N_2.9774_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°24′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°58′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.40549°N 2.97740°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">53.40549; -2.97740</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Hotel in Liverpool city centre, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Adelphi Hotel, Liverpool</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Britannia_Adelphi,_Liverpool_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Britannia_Adelphi%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg/250px-Britannia_Adelphi%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Britannia_Adelphi%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg/375px-Britannia_Adelphi%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Britannia_Adelphi%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg/500px-Britannia_Adelphi%2C_Liverpool_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4564" data-file-height="2894" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">Front of hotel in 2018</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:200px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:200px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:200px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Merseyside_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel is located in Merseyside"><img alt="Britannia Adelphi Hotel is located in Merseyside" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Merseyside_UK_location_map.svg/200px-Merseyside_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Merseyside_UK_location_map.svg/300px-Merseyside_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Merseyside_UK_location_map.svg/400px-Merseyside_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1231" data-file-height="1305" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:69.891%;left:37.514%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Britannia Adelphi Hotel"><img alt="Britannia Adelphi Hotel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/7px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/11px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/14px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within Merseyside</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Ranelagh Place, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;params=53.40549_N_2.9774_W_region:GB_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°24′20″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°58′39″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.40549°N 2.97740°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">53.40549; -2.97740</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening</th><td class="infobox-data">1914</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Britannia Hotels</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor count</th><td class="infobox-data">6</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architect(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R._Frank_Atkinson" title="R. Frank Atkinson">Frank Atkinson</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of rooms</th><td class="infobox-data">402 Bedrooms</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of restaurants</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britanniahotels.com/hotels/liverpool/">Visit website</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Britannia Adelphi Hotel</b> is in Ranelagh Place, <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a> city centre, <a href="/wiki/Merseyside" title="Merseyside">Merseyside</a>, England. The present building is the third hotel on the site, and is recorded in the <a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a> as a designated Grade&#160;II <a href="/wiki/Listed_building#England_and_Wales" title="Listed building">listed building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nhl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The building is owned and managed by <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Hotels" title="Britannia Hotels">Britannia Hotels</a>. It contains 402&#160;en-suite bedrooms, conference and dining facilities, and a gymnasium.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1826-1983:_Foundation_and_ownership_under_British_Rail">1826-1983: Foundation and ownership under British Rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: 1826-1983: Foundation and ownership under British Rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The first hotel on the site was built in 1826 for the hotelier James Radley by the conversion of two 18th-century town houses.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Britannia_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was built on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Ranelagh_Gardens,_Liverpool" title="Ranelagh Gardens, Liverpool">Ranelagh Gardens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pye_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pye-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the first open space for public recreation in Liverpool.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>This hotel was replaced by another hotel in 1876, which was bought in 1892 by the <a href="/wiki/Midland_Railway" title="Midland Railway">Midland Railway</a>, being renamed the Midland Adelphi.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannia_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A feature was a basement set of heated tanks to keep live <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">turtles</a> for <a href="/wiki/Turtle_soup" title="Turtle soup">turtle soup</a> which was not only served, but the basis of a significant business being sent to banquets etc. around the country and beyond.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannia_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Pye_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pye-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The railway company replaced it between 1911 and 1914 with the present building, designed by <a href="/wiki/R._Frank_Atkinson" title="R. Frank Atkinson">Frank Atkinson</a>. When opened, it was "regarded as the most luxurious hotel outside London".<sup id="cite_ref-pev_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Owing to Liverpool being a major arrival and departure point for ocean liners during the early 20th century, the Adelphi served as the most popular hotel in the city for wealthy passengers before they embarked on their journey to <a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMS Titanic">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a> was registered in Liverpool (though it never visited the port), and the Sefton Suite is said to be an exact replica of the ill-fated liner's First Class Smoking Lounge.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 1 January 1948, Britain's railway companies were nationalised and the Adelphi Hotel became part of <a href="/wiki/British_Transport_Hotels" title="British Transport Hotels">British Transport Hotels</a>, a subsidiary of <a href="/wiki/British_Rail" title="British Rail">British Rail</a>. </p><p>Guests at the hotel from this period included world leaders, such as <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Churchill" title="Winston Churchill">Winston Churchill</a>; as well as music artists like <a href="/wiki/Frank_Sinatra" title="Frank Sinatra">Frank Sinatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Laurel_and_Hardy" title="Laurel and Hardy">Laurel and Hardy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judy_Garland" title="Judy Garland">Judy Garland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Roy_Rogers" title="Roy Rogers">Roy Rogers</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1983-Present:_Sale_to_Britannia_Hotels">1983-Present: Sale to Britannia Hotels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: 1983-Present: Sale to Britannia Hotels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the Conservative Party's victory in the 1979 general election, British Rail was ordered to dispose of unnecessary assets. In 1983, as part of the sale of British Transport Hotels, the hotel was sold by British Rail to the hotel group <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Hotels" title="Britannia Hotels">Britannia Hotels</a>. </p><p>In 2006, the Adelphi Hotel was investigated by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> over ongoing theft and hygiene issues.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In November 2010, following a food hygiene inspection from <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_City_Council" title="Liverpool City Council">Liverpool City Council</a>, the hotel received a zero in its food hygiene rating (the lowest score possible) and was ordered to remedy its practices.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was handed a fourth consecutive zero in its food hygiene rating after an inspection in January 2016,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and in June 2017 Britannia Hotels admitted in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Magistrates%27_Court" title="Liverpool Magistrates&#39; Court">Liverpool Magistrates' Court</a> to seven breaches of health and safety law and were fined £265,000.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 30 August 2006 a 25 year old man drowned in the swimming pool of the Adelphi after the lifeguard on duty left his post. The man had been dead for thirty minutes when he was found.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In May 2010, Britannia Hotels was charged with several breaches of health and safety laws in relation to the death.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A November 2015 investigation by the <i><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Echo" title="Liverpool Echo">Liverpool Echo</a></i> found broken and condensation-stained windows, damp-covered walls and windowsills, dirty rooms and bathrooms, and broken furniture.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 10 September 2022, a wardrobe in the Adelphi fell on a 21 year old woman and crushed her to death.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Adelphi is currently under investigation from Liverpool City Council following the incident.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 4 October, the <i>Liverpool Echo</i> revealed that the hotel is also under investigation for an incident that occurred earlier in 2022 in which a guest was injured.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The following day <a href="/wiki/Kim_Johnson_(politician)" title="Kim Johnson (politician)">Kim Johnson</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of Parliament">Member of Parliament</a> for <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Riverside_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Liverpool Riverside (UK Parliament constituency)">Liverpool Riverside</a> (the constituency in which the hotel is based), urged Britannia Hotels to 'sell up and move on', describing the hotel as 'a blight on [Liverpool]'.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Architecture">Architecture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exterior">Exterior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Exterior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Britannia Adelphi Liverpool is constructed in <a href="/wiki/Portland_stone" title="Portland stone">Portland stone</a>. It has seven floors, and its entrance front contains eleven <a href="/wiki/Bay_(architecture)" title="Bay (architecture)">bays</a>. The central three bays of the ground floor comprise the entrance, which is enhanced by columns. The windows on the first floor are round-headed; the rest of the windows are rectangular. In the central three bays of the fourth and fifth floors is a recessed balcony with <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> columns. There are similar columns on these floors in the second and tenth bays. Above the sixth floor is a <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornice</a> with a <a href="/wiki/Baluster" title="Baluster">balustrade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nhl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interior">Interior</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Interior"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The public rooms contain columns, <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> panelling, and <a href="/wiki/Coffer" title="Coffer">coffered</a> arches.<sup id="cite_ref-nhl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nhl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Central Court is top-lit, and contains pink marble <a href="/wiki/Pilaster" title="Pilaster">pilasters</a>, glazed screens, and French doors opening into restaurants on its sides. Beyond this is the Hypostyle Hall, containing <a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Empire (architecture)">Empire</a>-style decoration and four Ionic columns. Beyond this is the Fountain Court.<sup id="cite_ref-pev_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pev-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelphi_1154.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hall"><img alt="Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adelphi_1154.JPG/120px-Adelphi_1154.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adelphi_1154.JPG/180px-Adelphi_1154.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Adelphi_1154.JPG/240px-Adelphi_1154.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelphi_1222a.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Hypostyle Hall"><img alt="Hypostyle Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Adelphi_1222a.JPG/120px-Adelphi_1222a.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Adelphi_1222a.JPG/180px-Adelphi_1222a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Adelphi_1222a.JPG/240px-Adelphi_1222a.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Hypostyle Hall</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adelphi_1129.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A double bedroom"><img alt="A double bedroom" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Adelphi_1129.JPG/120px-Adelphi_1129.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Adelphi_1129.JPG/180px-Adelphi_1129.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Adelphi_1129.JPG/240px-Adelphi_1129.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A double bedroom</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adelphi_Hotel_in_media">Adelphi Hotel in media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Adelphi Hotel in media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne" title="Jules Verne">Jules Verne</a>'s 1870 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Twenty_Thousand_Leagues_Under_the_Seas" title="Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas">Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Seas</a></i> Chapter 1.8, Professor Aronnax describes the interior of the submarine as similar to the <i>Adelphi Hotel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Verne_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Verne-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lounge was used in the 1981 TV series <i><a href="/wiki/Brideshead_Revisited_(TV_serial)" class="mw-redirect" title="Brideshead Revisited (TV serial)">Brideshead Revisited</a></i> as the interior of an ocean liner.<sup id="cite_ref-Britannia_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Britannia-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997 the hotel was used in the filming of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lakes_(TV_series)" title="The Lakes (TV series)">The Lakes</a></i>, in which the protagonist used the hotel toilets to steal from the guests. </p><p>In 1997, the hotel was the subject of an eight-part <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> documentary series, <i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_(documentary)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel (documentary)">Hotel</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBCTV_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBCTV-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This fly-on-the-wall documentary enabled viewers to look behind the scenes at the everyday running of the hotel. The series was voiced over by <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sachs" title="Andrew Sachs">Andrew Sachs</a> who played Manuel in <i><a href="/wiki/Fawlty_Towers" title="Fawlty Towers">Fawlty Towers</a></i>. </p><p>The hotel features briefly in the Bob Dylan documentary <i><a href="/wiki/Dont_Look_Back" title="Dont Look Back">Don't Look Back</a></i> as Dylan appears on the balcony of his room to wave to his fans below.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II_listed_buildings_in_Liverpool-L1" title="Grade II listed buildings in Liverpool-L1">Grade II listed buildings in Liverpool-L1</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Britannia_Adelphi_Hotel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nhl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nhl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nhl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1365828" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1365828?section=official-list-entry">"The Adelphi Hotel, Liverpool (1365828)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&amp;rft.atitle=The+Adelphi+Hotel%2C+Liverpool+%281365828%29&amp;rft.au=Historic+England&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1365828%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britanniahotels.com/hotels/liverpool/"><i>The Adelphi Hotel Liverpool City Centre</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Britannia_Hotels" title="Britannia Hotels">Britannia Hotels</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Adelphi+Hotel+Liverpool+City+Centre&amp;rft.pub=Britannia+Hotels&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britanniahotels.com%2Fhotels%2Fliverpool%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BBC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/localhistory/journey/lime_street/adelphi/hotel.shtml"><i>The Adelphi</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 August</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Adelphi&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fliverpool%2Flocalhistory%2Fjourney%2Flime_street%2Fadelphi%2Fhotel.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Britannia-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Britannia_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannia_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannia_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Britannia_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Britannia Adelphi Hotel Liverpool: The story of a great undertaking</i> (booklet available from the hotel, undated)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pye-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pye_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPye2011" class="citation cs2">Pye, Ken (2011), <i>Discover Liverpool</i>, Liverpool: Trinity Mirror Media, p.&#160;28, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-906802-90-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-906802-90-5"><bdi>978-1-906802-90-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Discover+Liverpool&amp;rft.place=Liverpool&amp;rft.pages=28&amp;rft.pub=Trinity+Mirror+Media&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-906802-90-5&amp;rft.aulast=Pye&amp;rft.aufirst=Ken&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLayton-JonesLee2008" class="citation cs2">Layton-Jones, Katy; Lee, Robert (2008), <i>Places of Health and Amusement</i>, Swindon: <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a>, pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">4–</span>6, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-873592-91-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-873592-91-5"><bdi>978-1-873592-91-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Places+of+Health+and+Amusement&amp;rft.place=Swindon&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E4-%3C%2Fspan%3E6&amp;rft.pub=English+Heritage&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-873592-91-5&amp;rft.aulast=Layton-Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=Katy&amp;rft.au=Lee%2C+Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pye-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pye_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ken Pye (2015) <i>Merseyside Tales: Curious and Amazing True Stories from History</i> History Press <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0750964456" title="Special:BookSources/0750964456">0750964456</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pev-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pev_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pev_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPollardPevsner2006" class="citation cs2">Pollard, Richard; <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Pevsner, Nikolaus</a> (2006), <i>Lancashire: Liverpool and the South-West</i>, The Buildings of England, New Haven and London: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, p.&#160;334, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10910-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10910-5"><bdi>0-300-10910-5</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Lancashire%3A+Liverpool+and+the+South-West&amp;rft.place=New+Haven+and+London&amp;rft.series=The+Buildings+of+England&amp;rft.pages=334&amp;rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.isbn=0-300-10910-5&amp;rft.aulast=Pollard&amp;rft.aufirst=Richard&amp;rft.au=Pevsner%2C+Nikolaus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120331093335/http://manorgatehouse.info/History/History%20Docs/Adelphinotes.html"><i>A Brief History of the Adelphi Hotel</i></a>, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://manorgatehouse.info/History/History%20Docs/Adelphinotes.html">the original</a> on 31 March 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=A+Brief+History+of+the+Adelphi+Hotel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmanorgatehouse.info%2FHistory%2FHistory%2520Docs%2FAdelphinotes.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lancashirelife.co.uk/people/the_adelphi_hotel_in_liverpool_is_shrugging_off_it_s_old_image_1_1568416">"The Adelphi Hotel in Liverpool 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Lancashire+Life&amp;rft.atitle=The+Adelphi+Hotel+in+Liverpool+is+shrugging+off+it%27s%26%2332%3B%26%2391%3Bsic%26%2393%3B+old+image&amp;rft.date=2012-02-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lancashirelife.co.uk%2Fpeople%2Fthe_adelphi_hotel_in_liverpool_is_shrugging_off_it_s_old_image_1_1568416&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/merseyside/5217272.stm">"Hotel rejects 'theft hotspot' tag"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Hotel+rejects+%27theft+hotspot%27+tag&amp;rft.date=2006-07-26&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fmerseyside%2F5217272.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140305173323/http://www.northwestcaterer.co.uk/2011/01/28/adelphi-zero-rated-on-food-hygiene/">"Zero star rating"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northwestcaterer.co.uk/2011/01/28/adelphi-zero-rated-on-food-hygiene/">the original</a> on 5 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zero+star+rating&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northwestcaterer.co.uk%2F2011%2F01%2F28%2Fadelphi-zero-rated-on-food-hygiene%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpools-adelphi-hotel-handed-zero-10712141">"Liverpool's Adelphi Hotel handed a zero-star food hygiene rating"</a>. <i>Liverpool Echo</i>. 10 January 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&amp;rft.atitle=Liverpool%27s+Adelphi+Hotel+handed+a+zero-star+food+hygiene+rating&amp;rft.date=2016-01-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fliverpools-adelphi-hotel-handed-zero-10712141&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecaterer.com/news/hotel/britannia-hotels-hit-with-265000-fine-for-breaching-food-safety-regulations">"Britannia Hotels hit with 265000 fine for..."</a> <i>The Caterer</i>. 23 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Caterer&amp;rft.atitle=Britannia+Hotels+hit+with+265000+fine+for...&amp;rft.date=2017-06-23&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecaterer.com%2Fnews%2Fhotel%2Fbritannia-hotels-hit-with-265000-fine-for-breaching-food-safety-regulations&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thefreelibrary.com/ADELPHI+IN+COURT+OVER+DROWNING%3B+Hotel+denies+two+safety+breaches.-a0214611927">"ADELPHI IN COURT OVER DROWNING; Hotel denies two safety breaches. - Free Online Library"</a>. <i>www.thefreelibrary.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.thefreelibrary.com&amp;rft.atitle=ADELPHI+IN+COURT+OVER+DROWNING%3B+Hotel+denies+two+safety+breaches.+-+Free+Online+Library&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefreelibrary.com%2FADELPHI%2BIN%2BCOURT%2BOVER%2BDROWNING%253B%2BHotel%2Bdenies%2Btwo%2Bsafety%2Bbreaches.-a0214611927&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEcho2010" class="citation web cs1">Echo, Liverpool (13 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/adelphi-hotel-admits-breaching-safety-3423121">"Adelphi hotel admits breaching safety laws over student drowning"</a>. <i>Liverpool Echo</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&amp;rft.atitle=Adelphi+hotel+admits+breaching+safety+laws+over+student+drowning&amp;rft.date=2010-05-13&amp;rft.aulast=Echo&amp;rft.aufirst=Liverpool&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fadelphi-hotel-admits-breaching-safety-3423121&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSamuelson2015" class="citation web cs1">Samuelson, Kate (22 November 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-adelphi-hotel-guest-disgusted-10482956#rlabs=1+rt$category+p$1">"Liverpool Adelphi Hotel guest 'disgusted' by £150 a night room"</a>. <i>Liverpool Echo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&amp;rft.atitle=Second+Adelphi+Hotel+investigation+after+guest+injured&amp;rft.date=2022-10-04&amp;rft.aulast=Thorp&amp;rft.aufirst=Liam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fsecond-adelphi-hotel-investigation-after-25167387&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThorp2022" class="citation web cs1">Thorp, Liam (5 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.liverpoolecho.co.uk/news/liverpool-news/liverpool-mp-slams-adelphi-hotel-25184264">"MP slams 'blight on the city' Adelphi and urges owners to sell up"</a>. <i>Liverpool Echo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Liverpool+Echo&amp;rft.atitle=MP+slams+%27blight+on+the+city%27+Adelphi+and+urges+owners+to+sell+up&amp;rft.date=2022-10-05&amp;rft.aulast=Thorp&amp;rft.aufirst=Liam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.liverpoolecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fliverpool-news%2Fliverpool-mp-slams-adelphi-hotel-25184264&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Verne-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Verne_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120922071338/http://jv.gilead.org.il/virginia/twenty/8.html">"Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jv.gilead.org.il/virginia/twenty/8.html">the original</a> on 22 September 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Twenty+Thousand+Leagues+Under+the+Sea&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjv.gilead.org.il%2Fvirginia%2Ftwenty%2F8.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBCTV-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBCTV_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/liverpool/localhistory/journey/lime_street/adelphi/series.shtml">"Adelphi - the series"</a>. BBC. May 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Adelphi+-+the+series&amp;rft.pub=BBC&amp;rft.date=2002-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fliverpool%2Flocalhistory%2Fjourney%2Flime_street%2Fadelphi%2Fseries.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABritannia+Adelphi+Hotel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/159069323">"Bob Dylan at the Adelphi Hotel 1966 Liverpool"</a>. <i>Vimeo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool,_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output 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Liverpool"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Buildings and structures in Liverpool"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool,_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings and structures in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Skyscrapers<br />and highrises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Princes_Dock" title="1 Princes Dock">1 Princes Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Tower,_Liverpool" title="Alexandra Tower, Liverpool">Alexandra Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beetham_Tower,_Liverpool" title="Beetham Tower, Liverpool">Beetham Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lexington_(Liverpool)" title="The Lexington (Liverpool)">The Lexington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_Buildings,_Liverpool" title="Municipal Buildings, Liverpool">Municipal Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hall_Place" title="New Hall Place">New Hall Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Plaza,_Liverpool" title="The Plaza, Liverpool">The Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool_Building" title="Port of Liverpool Building">Port of Liverpool Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post_%26_Echo_Building" title="Post &amp; Echo Building">Post &amp; Echo Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio City Tower">Radio City Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Liver_Building" title="Royal Liver Building">Royal Liver Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Buildings" title="Unity Buildings">Unity Commercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unity_Buildings" title="Unity Buildings">Unity Residential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Tower" title="West Tower">West Tower</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Three_Graces,_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG/150px-The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG/225px-The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG/300px-The_Three_Graces%2C_Liverpool_-_DSC00557.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg/150px-Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg/225px-Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg/300px-Liverpool_Commercial_District.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg/150px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg/225px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg/300px-Liverpool_Anglican_Cathedral_North_elevation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="755" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg/150px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg/225px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg/300px-Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral_at_dusk_new_version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5141" data-file-height="3215" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable lowrises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Albert_Dock,_Liverpool" title="Royal Albert Dock, Liverpool">Albert Dock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Dock_Traffic_Office" title="Albert Dock Traffic Office">Traffic Office</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alder_Hey_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Alder Hey Children&#39;s Hospital">Alder Hey Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thistle_Atlantic_Tower" class="mw-redirect" title="Thistle Atlantic Tower">Atlantic Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_England_Building,_Liverpool" title="Bank of England Building, Liverpool">Bank of England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bluecoat_Chambers" title="Bluecoat Chambers">Bluecoat Chambers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Britannia Adelphi Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calderstones_House" title="Calderstones House">Calderstones House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Liverpool" title="Chinatown, Liverpool">Chinese Arch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_Sessions_House,_Liverpool" title="County Sessions House, Liverpool">County Sessions House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport_Hotel" title="Crowne Plaza Liverpool John Lennon Airport Hotel">Crowne Plaza LJLA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building" title="Cunard Building">Cunard Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Empire_Theatre" title="Liverpool Empire Theatre">Empire Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everton_Water_Tower" title="Everton Water Tower">Everton Water Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everyman_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Everyman Theatre, Liverpool">Everyman Theatre, Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Hall" title="Grand Central Hall">Grand Central Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Western_Hotel,_Liverpool" title="North Western Hotel, Liverpool">Great North Western Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hargreaves_Building" title="Hargreaves Building">Hargreaves Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Homeopathic_Hospital" title="Liverpool Homeopathic Hospital">Homeopathic Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Buildings" title="India Buildings">India Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Slavery_Museum" title="International Slavery Museum">International Slavery Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Parsons_Building" title="James Parsons Building">James Parsons Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Central_Library" title="Liverpool Central Library">Liverpool Central Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cotton_Exchange_Building" title="Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building">Liverpool Cotton Exchange Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Magistrates%27_Court" title="Liverpool Magistrates&#39; Court">Liverpool Magistrates' Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Playhouse" title="Liverpool Playhouse">Liverpool Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Town_Hall" title="Liverpool Town Hall">Liverpool Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Women%27s_Hospital" title="Liverpool Women&#39;s Hospital">Liverpool Women's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lyceum,_Liverpool" title="The Lyceum, Liverpool">The Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmaison_Hotel,_Liverpool" title="Malmaison Hotel, Liverpool">Malmaison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mann_Island_Buildings" title="Mann Island Buildings">Mann Island Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merseyside_Maritime_Museum" title="Merseyside Maritime Museum">Merseyside Maritime Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Liverpool" title="Museum of Liverpool">Museum of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservation_Centre" title="National Conservation Centre">National Conservation Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Park_West" title="One Park West">One Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oratory,_Liverpool" title="The Oratory, Liverpool">Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriel_Chambers" title="Oriel Chambers">Oriel Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Dining_Rooms" title="Philharmonic Dining Rooms">Philharmonic Dining Rooms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philharmonic_Hall,_Liverpool" title="Philharmonic Hall, Liverpool">Philharmonic Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prudential_Assurance_Building,_Liverpool" title="Prudential Assurance Building, Liverpool">Prudential Assurance Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_II_Law_Courts,_Liverpool" title="Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts, Liverpool">Queen Elizabeth II Law Courts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Court_Theatre,_Liverpool" title="Royal Court Theatre, Liverpool">Royal Court Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Insurance_Building,_Liverpool" title="Royal Insurance Building, Liverpool">Royal Insurance Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Liverpool_University_Hospital" title="Royal Liverpool University Hospital">Royal Liverpool University Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speke_Hall" title="Speke Hall">Speke Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Dock_Tobacco_Warehouse" title="Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse">Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Hall,_Liverpool" title="St George&#39;s Hall, Liverpool">St George's Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tate_Liverpool" title="Tate Liverpool">Tate Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Buildings,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Tower Buildings, Liverpool">Tower Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Building,_University_of_Liverpool" title="Victoria Building, University of Liverpool">Victoria Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_Art_Gallery" title="Walker Art Gallery">Walker Art Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheel_of_Liverpool" title="Wheel of Liverpool">Wheel of Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albion_House,_Liverpool" title="Albion House, Liverpool">White Star Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolton_Hall" title="Woolton Hall">Woolton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Museum_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="World Museum Liverpool">World Museum Liverpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of worship</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Childwall" title="All Saints&#39; Church, Childwall">All Saints' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Rahma_Mosque" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Rahma Mosque">Al-Rahma Mosque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_All_Hallows,_Allerton" title="Church of All Hallows, Allerton">Church of All Hallows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_and_Saint_Nicholas,_Liverpool" title="Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas, Liverpool">Church of Our Lady and Saint Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Agnes_and_St_Pancras,_Toxteth_Park" title="Church of St Agnes and St Pancras, Toxteth Park">Church of St Agnes and St Pancras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Clare,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of St Clare, Liverpool">Church of St Clare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Church,_Liverpool" title="German Church, Liverpool">German Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_St_Nicholas,_Toxteth" title="Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas, Toxteth">Greek Orthodox Church of St Nicholas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Adolf_Church,_Liverpool" title="Gustav Adolf Church, Liverpool">Gustav Adolf Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Cathedral">Liverpool Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Metropolitan_Cathedral" title="Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral">Liverpool Metropolitan Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Fishermans%27_Church,_Liverpool" title="Norwegian Fishermans&#39; Church, Liverpool">Norwegian Fishermans' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Christ_Church,_Waterloo" title="Old Christ Church, Waterloo">Old Christ Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Oratory" class="mw-redirect" title="The Oratory">The Oratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princes_Road_Synagogue" title="Princes Road Synagogue">Princes Road Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_George%27s_Church,_Everton" title="St George&#39;s Church, Everton">St George's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Liverpool" title="Church of Saint John the Baptist, Liverpool">Saint John the Baptist's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St_Luke,_Liverpool" title="Church of St Luke, Liverpool">St Luke's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Luke%27s_Church,_Walton" title="St Luke&#39;s Church, Walton">St Luke's Church, Walton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Michael%27s_Church,_Aigburth" title="St Michael&#39;s Church, Aigburth">St Michael's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Woolton,_Liverpool" title="St Peter&#39;s Church, Woolton, Liverpool">St Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toxteth_Unitarian_Chapel" title="Toxteth Unitarian Chapel">Toxteth Unitarian Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ullet_Road_Unitarian_Church" title="Ullet Road Unitarian Church">Ullet Road Unitarian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_Presbyterian_Church_(Liverpool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh Presbyterian Church (Liverpool)">Welsh Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transportation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_James_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool James Street railway station">James Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsway_Tunnel" title="Kingsway Tunnel">Kingsway Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Central_railway_station" title="Liverpool Central railway station">Liverpool Central station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Coach_Station" title="Liverpool Coach Station">Liverpool Coach Station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_John_Lennon_Airport" title="Liverpool John Lennon Airport">Liverpool John Lennon Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Lime_Street_railway_station" title="Liverpool Lime Street railway station">Liverpool Lime Street station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One_bus_station" title="Liverpool One bus station">Liverpool One bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_South_Parkway_railway_station" title="Liverpool South Parkway railway station">Liverpool South Parkway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_Railway" title="Mersey Railway">Mersey Railway Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorfields_railway_station" title="Moorfields railway station">Moorfields station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queensway_Tunnel" title="Queensway Tunnel">Queensway Tunnel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping complexes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clayton_Square_Shopping_Centre" title="Clayton Square Shopping Centre">Clayton Square Shopping Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lewis%27s_Building" title="Lewis&#39;s Building">Lewis's Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_One" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool One">Liverpool ONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Shopping_Park" title="Liverpool Shopping Park">Liverpool Shopping Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metquarter" title="Metquarter">Metquarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Mersey_Shopping_Park" title="New Mersey Shopping Park">New Mersey Shopping Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Shopping_Centre,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="St John&#39;s Shopping Centre, Liverpool">St Johns Shopping Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sports venues<br />and arenas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigburth_Cricket_Ground,_Liverpool" class="mw-redirect" title="Aigburth Cricket Ground, Liverpool">Aigburth Cricket Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anfield" title="Anfield">Anfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodison_Park" title="Goodison Park">Goodison Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Arena" title="Liverpool Arena">Liverpool Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O2_Academy_Liverpool" title="O2 Academy Liverpool">O2 Academy Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_Hall_Park_(stadium)" title="Walton Hall Park (stadium)">Walton Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wavertree_Athletics_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Wavertree Athletics Centre">Wavertree Athletics Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sculptures<br />and monuments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Cenotaph" title="Liverpool Cenotaph">Liverpool Cenotaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson_Monument,_Liverpool" title="Nelson Monument, Liverpool">Nelson Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steble_Fountain" title="Steble Fountain">Steble Fountain</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Superlambanana" title="Superlambanana">Superlambanana</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_to_the_Engine_Room_Heroes_of_the_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Memorial to the Engine Room Heroes of the Titanic"><i>Titanic</i> Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Monument_(Liverpool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria Monument (Liverpool)">Victoria Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington%27s_Column" title="Wellington&#39;s Column">Wellington's Column</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yellow_Submarine_(sculpture)" title="Yellow Submarine (sculpture)">Yellow Submarine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Childwall_Hall" title="Childwall Hall">Childwall Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concourse_House" title="Concourse House">Concourse House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custom_House,_Liverpool" title="Custom House, Liverpool">Custom House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Futurist_Cinema" title="The Futurist Cinema">The Futurist Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Castle" title="Liverpool Castle">Liverpool Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Central_High_Level_railway_station" title="Liverpool Central High Level railway station">Liverpool Central High Level railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Sailors%27_Home" title="Liverpool Sailors&#39; Home">Liverpool Sailors' Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liverpool_Overhead_Railway" title="Liverpool Overhead Railway">Liverpool Overhead Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Octagon_Chapel,_Liverpool" title="Octagon Chapel, Liverpool">Octagon Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Liverpool" title="St Peter&#39;s Church, Liverpool">St Peter's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Market" title="St John&#39;s Market">St John's Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walton_Hall,_Liverpool" title="Walton Hall, Liverpool">Walton Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Liverpool" title="List of public art in Liverpool">List of public art in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool">List of tallest buildings and structures in Liverpool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Liverpool" title="Listed buildings in Liverpool">Listed buildings in Liverpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Liverpool" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Liverpool">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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Maryland Route 550
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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-attached-kml" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><b>Route map</b>: </span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">State highway in Maryland, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Maryland Route 81" redirects here. For the Interstate highway, see <a href="/wiki/Interstate_81_in_Maryland" title="Interstate 81 in Maryland">Interstate 81 in Maryland</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"MD 81" redirects here. 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.header-NOR{background:#f2a900}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="text-align:center;"><div style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"></div><div style="margin:0 0 0.1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MD_Route_550.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maryland Route 550 marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MD_Route_550.svg/90px-MD_Route_550.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MD_Route_550.svg/135px-MD_Route_550.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/MD_Route_550.svg/180px-MD_Route_550.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div><div style="margin:0.1em;">Maryland Route 550</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 290px; height: 240px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="290" data-height="240" data-overlays="[&quot;_5610b31b787458a82b5e7a50c2d75cda91b4682a&quot;]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,290x240.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;revid=1250219146&amp;groups=_5610b31b787458a82b5e7a50c2d75cda91b4682a" width="290" height="240" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,a,a,a,290x240@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;revid=1250219146&amp;groups=_5610b31b787458a82b5e7a50c2d75cda91b4682a 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div><div class="infobox-caption">Maryland Route 550 highlighted in red</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header header-USA">Route information</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Maintained by <a href="/wiki/Maryland_State_Highway_Administration" title="Maryland State Highway Administration">MDSHA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">24.43&#160;mi<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_HLR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;(39.32&#160;km)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Existed</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">1933–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tourist<br />routes</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/MUTCD_M10-1.svg/20px-MUTCD_M10-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/MUTCD_M10-1.svg/30px-MUTCD_M10-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/MUTCD_M10-1.svg/40px-MUTCD_M10-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="294" data-file-height="294" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Journey_Through_Hallowed_Ground_Byway_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Journey Through Hallowed Ground Byway (Maryland)">Journey Through Hallowed Ground Byway</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header header-USA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Major junctions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">South&#160;end</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/MD_Route_26.svg/24px-MD_Route_26.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/MD_Route_26.svg/36px-MD_Route_26.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/MD_Route_26.svg/48px-MD_Route_26.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_26" title="Maryland Route 26">MD 26</a> in <a href="/wiki/Libertytown,_Maryland" title="Libertytown, Maryland">Libertytown</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span style="display:none;">Major intersections</span></th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/30px-MD_Route_194.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/45px-MD_Route_194.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/60px-MD_Route_194.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_194" title="Maryland Route 194">MD 194</a> in <a href="/wiki/Woodsboro,_Maryland" title="Woodsboro, Maryland">Woodsboro</a></li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/24px-MD_Route_77.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/36px-MD_Route_77.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/48px-MD_Route_77.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_77" title="Maryland Route 77">MD 77</a> in <a href="/wiki/Thurmont,_Maryland" title="Thurmont, Maryland">Thurmont</a></li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_15.svg/24px-US_15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_15.svg/36px-US_15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_15.svg/48px-US_15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_15_in_Maryland" title="U.S. Route 15 in Maryland">US&#160;15</a> in Thurmont</li> <li><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MD_Route_491.svg/30px-MD_Route_491.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MD_Route_491.svg/45px-MD_Route_491.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MD_Route_491.svg/60px-MD_Route_491.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_491" title="Maryland Route 491">MD 491</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ritchie,_Maryland" title="Fort Ritchie, Maryland">Fort Ritchie</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">North&#160;end</th><td class="infobox-data">Pen Mar Road in Fort Ritchie</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header header-USA"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546">Location</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">State</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Counties</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Maryland" title="Washington County, Maryland">Washington</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header header-USA">Highway system</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Maryland_highway_system" title="Maryland highway system">Maryland highway system</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Interstate_Highways_in_Maryland" title="List of Interstate Highways in Maryland">Interstate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._Highways_in_Maryland" title="List of U.S. Highways in Maryland">US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_highways_in_Maryland" title="List of state highways in Maryland">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Maryland_Scenic_Byways" title="List of Maryland Scenic Byways">Scenic Byways</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241597584">.mw-parser-output .browse-table{width:100%;background:none;border-collapse:collapse;display:table;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .browse-table+.browse-table,.mw-parser-output .browse-table+link+.browse-table,.mw-parser-output .browse-table+style+.browse-table{margin-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .browse-table td{padding:0;border:none;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .browse-table tr:not(:first-child) td{padding-top:3px}</style><table class="browse-table"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align:left">← <span style="display:inline-block"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MD_Route_547.svg/24px-MD_Route_547.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MD_Route_547.svg/36px-MD_Route_547.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/MD_Route_547.svg/48px-MD_Route_547.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_547" title="Maryland Route 547">MD 547</a></span></td><td style="padding-right:3px;padding-left:3px;text-align:center;white-space:nowrap"></td><td style="text-align:right;direction:rtl">→ <span style="display:inline-block"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/MD_Route_552.svg/24px-MD_Route_552.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/MD_Route_552.svg/36px-MD_Route_552.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/MD_Route_552.svg/48px-MD_Route_552.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_552" title="Maryland Route 552">MD 552</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Maryland Route 550</b> (<b>MD 550</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/State_highway" title="State highway">state highway</a> in the U.S. state of <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>. The state highway runs 24.43 miles (39.32&#160;km) from <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_26" title="Maryland Route 26">MD 26</a> in <a href="/wiki/Libertytown,_Maryland" title="Libertytown, Maryland">Libertytown</a> north to Pen Mar Road in <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ritchie,_Maryland" title="Fort Ritchie, Maryland">Fort Ritchie</a>. MD 550 runs southeast&#8211;northwest across central <a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick County</a>, connecting Fort Ritchie in the northeastern corner of <a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Maryland" title="Washington County, Maryland">Washington County</a> and Libertytown with the towns of <a href="/wiki/Thurmont,_Maryland" title="Thurmont, Maryland">Thurmont</a> and <a href="/wiki/Woodsboro,_Maryland" title="Woodsboro, Maryland">Woodsboro</a> and the smaller communities of <a href="/wiki/Creagerstown,_Maryland" title="Creagerstown, Maryland">Creagerstown</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sabillasville,_Maryland" title="Sabillasville, Maryland">Sabillasville</a>. South of the highway's junction with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_15_in_Maryland" title="U.S. Route 15 in Maryland">U.S. Route 15</a> (US 15) in Thurmont, the state highway passes through the wide valley of the <a href="/wiki/Monocacy_River" title="Monocacy River">Monocacy River</a>; to the north, the highway passes along the northern edge of <a href="/wiki/Catoctin_Mountain" title="Catoctin Mountain">Catoctin Mountain</a> and crests <a href="/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania)" title="South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania)">South Mountain</a> near <a href="/wiki/Blue_Ridge_Summit,_Pennsylvania" title="Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania">Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania</a>. </p><p>MD 550 was built in two main sections. The highway from Thurmont to Blue Ridge Summit was constructed in the mid-1920s as <b>Maryland Route 81</b> (<b>MD 81</b>). MD 81 was extended west to Fort Ritchie in the mid-1930s. MD 550 was constructed from Libertytown to Woodsboro in the mid to late 1930s. A second disjoint section of the state highway was built from Creagerstown to Thurmont in the late 1930s. The two segments of MD 550 were united when the designation was assigned to the highway between Woodsboro and Creagerstown in the mid-1950s. MD 550 was extended northwest from Thurmont to Fort Ritchie, assuming all of MD 81, in the late 1970s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Route_description">Route description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Route description"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libertytown_to_Thurmont">Libertytown to Thurmont</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Libertytown to Thurmont"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2016-09-20_15_26_19_View_north_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_(Creagerstown_Road)_just_north_of_Longs_Mill_Road_in_Creagerstown,_Frederick_County,_Maryland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2016-09-20_15_26_19_View_north_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28Creagerstown_Road%29_just_north_of_Longs_Mill_Road_in_Creagerstown%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/220px-2016-09-20_15_26_19_View_north_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28Creagerstown_Road%29_just_north_of_Longs_Mill_Road_in_Creagerstown%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2016-09-20_15_26_19_View_north_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28Creagerstown_Road%29_just_north_of_Longs_Mill_Road_in_Creagerstown%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/330px-2016-09-20_15_26_19_View_north_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28Creagerstown_Road%29_just_north_of_Longs_Mill_Road_in_Creagerstown%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/2016-09-20_15_26_19_View_north_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28Creagerstown_Road%29_just_north_of_Longs_Mill_Road_in_Creagerstown%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/440px-2016-09-20_15_26_19_View_north_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28Creagerstown_Road%29_just_north_of_Longs_Mill_Road_in_Creagerstown%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>View north along MD 550 just north of Creagerstown</figcaption></figure> <p>MD 550 begins at an intersection with MD 26 (Main Street) in the <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_village" class="mw-redirect" title="Unincorporated village">unincorporated village</a> of Libertytown and heads northwest as Woodsboro Road.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The highway passes through the Piedmont uplands, a region of rounded hills, low ridges, relatively high relief, irregular plains, and narrow valleys with a mix of farms and forests.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EnviroAtlas_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnviroAtlas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 crosses Cabbage Run and Dorcas Branch, follows Dorcas Branch through a gap in Laurel Hill, and enters the town of Woodsboro just after crossing Israel Creek. MD 550 turns north and <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">runs concurrently</a> with <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_194" title="Maryland Route 194">MD 194</a> on Woodsboro Pike on the east side of the town; Liberty Road heads west from the intersection toward the center of town. <sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_Woodsboro_2019_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Woodsboro_2019-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 turns west onto Woodsboro–Creagerstown Road, which immediately intersects the north end of Main Street (MD 194A).<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_HLR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The state highway intersects the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Transportation" title="Maryland Department of Transportation">MDOT</a> Branch of the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Midland_Railway" title="Maryland Midland Railway">Maryland Midland Railway</a> and receives the north end of Creagerstown Road before leaving Woodsboro.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRA_Woodsboro_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRA_Woodsboro-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>MD 550 continues northwest through the Piedmont lowlands, which contain wide and undulating ridges, broad nearly level valleys, limited local relief, and a mosaic of farms, houses, and woodland.<sup id="cite_ref-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EnviroAtlas_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnviroAtlas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> North of the route's bridge across the Monocacy River, the highway parallels Pennterra Manor Lane, which leads to the 18th century farmhouse <a href="/wiki/Pennterra_(Creagerstown,_Maryland)" title="Pennterra (Creagerstown, Maryland)">Pennterra</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NRHP_Pennterra_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP_Pennterra-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 also passes to the west of another 18th century harmhouse, <a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Hill_(Creagerstown,_Maryland)" title="Strawberry Hill (Creagerstown, Maryland)">Strawberry Hill</a>, before reaching the unincorporated village of Creagerstown.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NRHP_Strawberry_Hill_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP_Strawberry_Hill-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The route’s name changes to Creagerstown Road at Old Frederick Road at the south end of village, and at Blacks Mill Road the road passes to the east of the <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Church_at_Creagerstown_Historic_District" title="St. John&#39;s Church at Creagerstown Historic District">St. John's Church at Creagerstown Historic District</a>, which preserves a pair of church buildings—the early 20th-century St. John’s Evangelical Lutheran Church and the 19th-century building of the defunct St. John’s Reformed Church—as well as the first church’s parish house and a cemetery.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NRHP_St._John’s_Church_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP_St._John’s_Church-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 continues northwest as Creagerstown Road to the hamlet of Jimtown; the highway intersects Moser Road and Hessong Bridge at a four-legged intersection and turns north onto Jimtown Road toward Thurmont.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2020-06-08_10_49_21_View_south_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_(North_Church_Street)_from_the_overpass_for_U.S._Route_15_(Catoctin_Mountain_Highway)_in_Thurmont,_Frederick_County,_Maryland.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2020-06-08_10_49_21_View_south_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28North_Church_Street%29_from_the_overpass_for_U.S._Route_15_%28Catoctin_Mountain_Highway%29_in_Thurmont%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2020-06-08_10_49_21_View_south_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28North_Church_Street%29_from_the_overpass_for_U.S._Route_15_%28Catoctin_Mountain_Highway%29_in_Thurmont%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/2020-06-08_10_49_21_View_south_along_Maryland_State_Route_550_%28North_Church_Street%29_from_the_overpass_for_U.S._Route_15_%28Catoctin_Mountain_Highway%29_in_Thurmont%2C_Frederick_County%2C_Maryland.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>View south along MD 550 from US 15 in Thurmont</figcaption></figure> <p>MD 550 enters the town of Thurmont just before the highway intersects <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_77" title="Maryland Route 77">MD 77</a> (Rocky Ridge Road). The two state highways run concurrently northwest toward downtown Thurmont on Main Street. In the center of town, at Water Street, MD 77 continues west on Main Street while MD 550 turns north onto Church Street, which passes under the Main Line of the Maryland Midland Railway and meets the south end of <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_806" title="Maryland Route 806">MD 806</a> (Emmitsburg Road).<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRA_Thurmont_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRA_Thurmont-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the northern edge of Thurmont, the state highway meets US 15 (Catoctin Mountain Highway) at a <a href="/wiki/Diamond_interchange" title="Diamond interchange">diamond interchange</a> and passes <a href="/wiki/Catoctin_High_School" title="Catoctin High School">Catoctin High School</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_HLR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Thurmont_to_Highfield–Cascade"><span id="Thurmont_to_Highfield.E2.80.93Cascade"></span>Thurmont to Highfield–Cascade</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Thurmont to Highfield–Cascade"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>MD 550 heads northwest as Sabillasville Road into the Blue Ridge Mountains, which comprise extensively forested, steep, and well-dissected ridges separated by deep, narrow valleys with patches of farmland.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EnviroAtlas_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EnviroAtlas-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The highway crosses Owens Creek and parallels the Maryland Midland Railway through the creek’s gorge upstream between Piney Mountain to the north and Catoctin Mountain to the south; the highway passes under the rail line twice. At Foxville Deerfield Road, MD 550 leaves Owens Creek and its gorge and passes through the Harbaugh Valley, where the highway crosses Friends Creek.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS_Blue_Ridge_Summit_2019_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Blue_Ridge_Summit_2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After passing through the unincorporated village of Sabillasville and intersecting Bentzel Road on the north side of the village, the highway leaves the valley and ascends the eastern flank of South Mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_Blue_Ridge_Summit_2019_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Blue_Ridge_Summit_2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 passes under a curve of the railroad and meets the ends of Old Sabillasville Road and Cullen Drive west of the Victor Cullen Center.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_HLR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Victor Cullen Center is a state <a href="/wiki/Youth_detention_center" title="Youth detention center">youth detention center</a> originally constructed in the first decade of the 20th century as the state’s first tuberculosis <a href="/wiki/Sanatorium" title="Sanatorium">sanatorium</a>, whose preserved historic remains include the <a href="/wiki/Victor_Cullen_School_Power_House" title="Victor Cullen School Power House">power house</a> and <a href="/wiki/Victor_Cullen_Center,_Old_Administration_Building" title="Victor Cullen Center, Old Administration Building">old administration building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MDJS_Victor_Cullen_Center_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MDJS_Victor_Cullen_Center-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NRHP_Power_House_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP_Power_House-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NRHP_Old_Administration_Building_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP_Old_Administration_Building-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>MD 550 curves west parallel to the Maryland Midland Railway and summits <a href="/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania)" title="South Mountain (Maryland and Pennsylvania)">South Mountain</a> at the Frederick–Washington county line about 400 feet (120&#160;m) south of the <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a> state line.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS_Blue_Ridge_Summit_2019_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS_Blue_Ridge_Summit_2019-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The highway continues as Fort Ritchie Road, which curves southwest through the unincorporated communities of Highfield and Cascade, where south of Royer Road the route’s name changes to Military Road. At the entrance to the former <a href="/wiki/Fort_Ritchie" title="Fort Ritchie">Fort Ritchie</a>, MD 550 meets the northern end of <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_491" title="Maryland Route 491">MD 491</a> (McAfee Hill Road) and turns northwest onto that road.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baltimore_Sun_Fort_Ritchie_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_Fort_Ritchie-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The highway intersects <a href="/wiki/CSX_Transportation" title="CSX Transportation">CSX</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Hanover_Subdivision" title="Hanover Subdivision">Hanover Subdivision</a> rail line at grade, turns from McAfee Hill Road onto Pen Mar Road, and passes under the railroad and by Lake Royer.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FRA_Fort_Ritchie_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FRA_Fort_Ritchie-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 reaches its northern terminus west of the lake at the edge of Camp Louise, a girls' summer camp founded in 1922; Pen Mar Road continues as a county highway toward the community of Pen Mar and <a href="/wiki/Pen_Mar_Park" title="Pen Mar Park">Pen Mar Park</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Baltimore_Sun_Fort_Ritchie_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Baltimore_Sun_Fort_Ritchie-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239840523"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="text-align:center;"><div style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"></div><div style="margin:0 0 0.1em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MD_Route_81.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Maryland Route 81 marker" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MD_Route_81.svg/40px-MD_Route_81.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MD_Route_81.svg/60px-MD_Route_81.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/MD_Route_81.svg/80px-MD_Route_81.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div><div style="margin:0.1em;">Maryland Route 81</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="header-deleted" style="margin:0; height:.5em;"></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thurmont,_Maryland" title="Thurmont, Maryland">Thurmont</a>&#8211;<a href="/wiki/Fort_Ritchie,_Maryland" title="Fort Ritchie, Maryland">Fort Ritchie</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Existed</th><td class="infobox-data">1927–1977</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>MD 550 was constructed in two main sections: MD 550 between Libertytown and Thurmont, and MD 81 from Thurmont to Fort Ritchie. The first section of the Libertytown&#8211;Thurmont portion of MD 550 was constructed as a segment of former <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_72" class="mw-redirect" title="Maryland Route 72">MD 72</a>. MD 72 followed Lewistown Road and Old Frederick Road from US 15 at <a href="/wiki/Lewistown,_Frederick_County,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Lewistown, Frederick County, Maryland">Lewistown</a> east and north through Creagerstown to near Loys Station south of MD 77.<sup id="cite_ref-1939_map_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1939_map-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The portion of MD 72 through Creagerstown was built in 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-1926_src_report_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1926_src_report-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1927_map_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1927_map-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The first section of MD 550 proper was 1 mile (1.6&#160;km) of concrete road built east from Woodsboro in 1933.<sup id="cite_ref-1933_map_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1933_map-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1934_src_report_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1934_src_report-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 was extended east to Cabbage Run between 1933 and 1935.<sup id="cite_ref-1934_src_report_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1934_src_report-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1935_map_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1935_map-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A second section of MD 550 was started from MD 77 east of Thurmont towards Creagerstown in 1938.<sup id="cite_ref-1938_map_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1938_map-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This western section was completed in 1939, the same year the eastern section was completed between Woodsboro and Libertytown.<sup id="cite_ref-1939_map_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1939_map-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1940_src_report_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1940_src_report-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first section of what would become MD 81 was paved as a state-aid road from the Pennsylvania state line south along Warren Avenue and Cascade Road through Highfield and Cascade by 1910.<sup id="cite_ref-1910_map_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1910_map-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The main portion of MD 81 was constructed from Emmitsburg Road (which later became US 15 and is now MD 806) north to Sabillasville around 1923.<sup id="cite_ref-1923_map_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1923_map-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The highway was completed to the Pennsylvania state line at Blue Ridge Summit, using what are now Naylor Road and Old Sabillasville Road, around 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-1926_src_report_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1926_src_report-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1927_map_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1927_map-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The pre-1910 portion of MD 81 in Washington County was reconstructed and extended west toward Pen Mar in 1930.<sup id="cite_ref-1930_map_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1930_map-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Military Road was constructed around 1933 between Highfield and Fort Ritchie.<sup id="cite_ref-1933_map_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1933_map-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The eastern end of Military Road at the Frederick&#8211;Washington county line was tied into a relocation of MD 81 between Sabillasville and Blue Ridge Summit that was completed in 1936. This bypass included an underpass of the Western Maryland Railway at Sabillasville and resulted in the highway no longer entering Pennsylvania; the old alignment of MD 81 was designated MD 625.<sup id="cite_ref-1939_map_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1939_map-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-1936_src_report_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1936_src_report-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1956, MD 72 was removed from the state highway system. MD 550 was extended southeast through Creagerstown to Woodsboro to connect with the Woodsboro&#8211;Libertytown section.<sup id="cite_ref-1956_map_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1956_map-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> MD 550 was extended through Thurmont, west along MD 77 and north along MD 806, and assumed all of MD 81 in 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-1977_map_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1977_map-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Construction on MD 194's bypass of Woodsboro was started in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-1995_map_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1995_map-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When the bypass was completed in 1997, MD 550 was removed from the center of Woodsboro to its present alignment on the northern and eastern sides of town.<sup id="cite_ref-1997_map_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1997_map-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Junction_list">Junction list</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Junction list"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="plainrowheaders wikitable"> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">County</th><th scope="col">Location</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Miles">mi</abbr><br /><sup id="cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maryland_HLR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Kilometers">km</abbr></th><th scope="col">Destinations</th><th scope="col">Notes</th></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><td rowspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Frederick_County,_Maryland" title="Frederick County, Maryland">Frederick</a></td><td rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Libertytown,_Maryland" title="Libertytown, Maryland">Libertytown</a></td><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">0.00</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">0.00</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/MD_Route_26.svg/24px-MD_Route_26.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/MD_Route_26.svg/36px-MD_Route_26.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/MD_Route_26.svg/48px-MD_Route_26.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_26" title="Maryland Route 26">MD 26</a> (Liberty Road)&#160;/ Mill Street south&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland" title="Frederick, Maryland">Frederick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore,_Maryland" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltimore, Maryland">Baltimore</a></td><td rowspan="1">Southern terminus</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Woodsboro,_Maryland" title="Woodsboro, Maryland">Woodsboro</a></td><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">5.01</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">8.06</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South_plate.svg/24px-South_plate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South_plate.svg/36px-South_plate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South_plate.svg/48px-South_plate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="301" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/30px-MD_Route_194.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/45px-MD_Route_194.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/60px-MD_Route_194.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_194" title="Maryland Route 194">MD 194</a> south (Woodsboro Pike)&#160;/ Woodsboro Road west&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Walkersville,_Maryland" title="Walkersville, Maryland">Walkersville</a></td><td rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd">South end of concurrency with MD 194</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">5.56</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">8.95</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/North_plate.svg/24px-North_plate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/North_plate.svg/36px-North_plate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/North_plate.svg/48px-North_plate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="301" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/30px-MD_Route_194.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/45px-MD_Route_194.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/MD_Route_194.svg/60px-MD_Route_194.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_194" title="Maryland Route 194">MD 194</a> north (Woodsboro Pike)&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Taneytown,_Maryland" title="Taneytown, Maryland">Taneytown</a></td><td rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd">North end of concurrency with MD 194</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">5.61</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">9.03</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Main Street south</td><td rowspan="1">MD 550 turns northwest at this intersection; Main Street is unsigned MD 194A</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Thurmont,_Maryland" title="Thurmont, Maryland">Thurmont</a></td><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">11.67</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">18.78</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Hessong Bridge Road south / Moser Road west</td><td rowspan="1">MD 550 turns north onto Jimtown Road</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">12.92</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">20.79</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/East_plate.svg/24px-East_plate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/East_plate.svg/36px-East_plate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/East_plate.svg/48px-East_plate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="301" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/24px-MD_Route_77.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/36px-MD_Route_77.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/48px-MD_Route_77.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_77" title="Maryland Route 77">MD 77</a> east (Rocky Ridge Road)&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Rocky_Ridge,_Maryland" title="Rocky Ridge, Maryland">Rocky Ridge</a></td><td rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd">South end of concurrency with MD 77</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">13.91</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">22.39</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/West_plate.svg/24px-West_plate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/West_plate.svg/36px-West_plate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/West_plate.svg/48px-West_plate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="301" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/24px-MD_Route_77.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/36px-MD_Route_77.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/MD_Route_77.svg/48px-MD_Route_77.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_77" title="Maryland Route 77">MD 77</a> west (Main Street)&#160;/ Water Street south&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Smithsburg,_Maryland" title="Smithsburg, Maryland">Smithsburg</a></td><td rowspan="1" title="Concurrency terminus" style="background-color:#ddffdd">MD 550 turns north onto Church Street; north end of concurrency with MD 77</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">14.27</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">22.97</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/North_plate.svg/24px-North_plate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/North_plate.svg/36px-North_plate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/North_plate.svg/48px-North_plate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="301" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/MD_Route_806.svg/30px-MD_Route_806.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/MD_Route_806.svg/45px-MD_Route_806.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/MD_Route_806.svg/60px-MD_Route_806.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_806" title="Maryland Route 806">MD 806</a> north (Emmitsburg Road)&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Emmitsburg,_Maryland" title="Emmitsburg, Maryland">Emmitsburg</a></td><td rowspan="1">Southern terminus of MD 806; officially MD 806R</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">14.71</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">23.67</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_15.svg/24px-US_15.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_15.svg/36px-US_15.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/US_15.svg/48px-US_15.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Route_15_in_Maryland" title="U.S. Route 15 in Maryland">US&#160;15</a> (Catoctin Mountain Highway)&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Frederick,_Maryland" title="Frederick, Maryland">Frederick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gettysburg,_Pennsylvania" title="Gettysburg, Pennsylvania">Gettysburg</a></td><td rowspan="1">Diamond interchange</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Washington_County,_Maryland" title="Washington County, Maryland">Washington</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ritchie,_Maryland" title="Fort Ritchie, Maryland">Fort Ritchie</a></td><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">23.84</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">38.37</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1"><span style="display: inline-block; vertical-align: baseline; line-height: 0; text-align: center;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South_plate.svg/24px-South_plate.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South_plate.svg/36px-South_plate.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/South_plate.svg/48px-South_plate.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="601" data-file-height="301" /></span></span><br /><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MD_Route_491.svg/30px-MD_Route_491.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MD_Route_491.svg/45px-MD_Route_491.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/MD_Route_491.svg/60px-MD_Route_491.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Route_491" title="Maryland Route 491">MD 491</a> south (Macfee Hill Road)&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Smithsburg,_Maryland" title="Smithsburg, Maryland">Smithsburg</a></td><td rowspan="1">Northern terminus of MD 491; MD 550 turns north onto Macfee Hill Road</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">24.23</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">38.99</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Camp Ritchie Access Road north / Pennersville Road east</td><td rowspan="1">MD 550 turns west onto Pen Mar Road</td></tr> <tr style="text-align:left"><th scope="row" rowspan="1" style="text-align:right">24.43</th><td rowspan="1" style="text-align:right;background-color:#eaecf0">39.32</td><td colspan="1" rowspan="1">Pen Mar Road north&#160;– <a href="/wiki/Pen_Mar,_Maryland" title="Pen Mar, Maryland">Pen Mar</a></td><td rowspan="1">Northern terminus</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="6" class="jct-bottom notheme"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129796324">.mw-parser-output .jct-bottom{text-align:center;background-color:#eaecf0}.mw-parser-output .jct-bottom-legend{margin-left:1.6em;font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .jct-bottom-legend ul{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .jct-bottom-legend-color{border:1px solid #000}</style>1.000&#160;mi = 1.609&#160;km; 1.000&#160;km = 0.621&#160;mi<br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist jct-bottom-legend"><ul><li><span class="jct-bottom-legend-color" style="background-color: #ddffdd">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;&#160;<span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(road)" title="Concurrency (road)">Concurrency</a> terminus</span></li></ul></div></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/MD_blank.svg/28px-MD_blank.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/MD_blank.svg/42px-MD_blank.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/MD_blank.svg/56px-MD_blank.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Maryland_Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Maryland Roads">Maryland Roads&#32;portal</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Maryland_HLR-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_HLR_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHighway_Information_Services_Division2021" class="citation book cs1">Highway Information Services Division (December 31, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.maryland.gov/mdotsha/pages/Index.aspx?PageId=832"><i>Highway Location Reference</i></a>. Maryland State Highway Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Highway+Location+Reference&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft.date=2021-12-31&amp;rft.au=Highway+Information+Services+Division&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.maryland.gov%2Fmdotsha%2Fpages%2FIndex.aspx%3FPageId%3D832&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.maryland.gov/OPPEN/2021%20Frederick.pdf"><i>Frederick County</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Frederick+County&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.maryland.gov%2FOPPEN%2F2021%2520Frederick.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.roads.maryland.gov/OPPEN/2021%20Washington.pdf"><i>Washington County</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Washington+County&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.roads.maryland.gov%2FOPPEN%2F2021%2520Washington.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-Maryland_Grid_Map-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maryland_Grid_Map_2-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_State_Highway_Administration2015" class="citation map cs1">Maryland State Highway Administration (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.imap.maryland.gov/datasets/86eaddd6c9a54ffe87ab9720b519c09f"><i>Maryland General Highway Statewide Grid Map</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). 1:12,000. Baltimore: Maryland State Highway Administration. §§&#160;B10C, B10A, B9B, A9D, A9B, A9A<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 24,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Maryland+General+Highway+Statewide+Grid+Map&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.au=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.imap.maryland.gov%2Fdatasets%2F86eaddd6c9a54ffe87ab9720b519c09f&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EPA_Ecoregions_Region_3_Description_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodsOmernikBrown1999" class="citation web cs1">Woods, Alan J.; Omernik, James M.; Brown, Douglas D. (May 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gaftp.epa.gov/EPADataCommons/ORD/Ecoregions/reg3/reg3_eco_desc.doc">"Level III and IV Ecoregions of Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and West Virginia"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(DOC)</span>. Corvallis, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">19–</span>22, 24, 25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Level+III+and+IV+Ecoregions+of+Delaware%2C+Maryland%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+Virginia%2C+and+West+Virginia&amp;rft.place=Corvallis%2C+OR&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E19-%3C%2Fspan%3E22%2C+24%2C+25&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency&amp;rft.date=1999-05&amp;rft.aulast=Woods&amp;rft.aufirst=Alan+J.&amp;rft.au=Omernik%2C+James+M.&amp;rft.au=Brown%2C+Douglas+D.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgaftp.epa.gov%2FEPADataCommons%2FORD%2FEcoregions%2Freg3%2Freg3_eco_desc.doc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EnviroAtlas-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EnviroAtlas_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EnviroAtlas_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EnviroAtlas_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff2011" class="citation map cs1">Staff (December 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enviroatlas.epa.gov/enviroatlas/interactivemap/"><i>EnviroAtlas Interactive Map</i></a> (Map). Corvallis, OR: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 26,</span> 2023</span> &#8211; via USEPA Ecoregions (Omernik) layer.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=EnviroAtlas+Interactive+Map&amp;rft.place=Corvallis%2C+OR&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Environmental+Protection+Agency&amp;rft.date=2011-12&amp;rft.au=Staff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenviroatlas.epa.gov%2Fenviroatlas%2Finteractivemap%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS_Woodsboro_2019-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGS_Woodsboro_2019_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/ht-bin/tv_browse.pl?id=47a658c515996773f07bf96e4fbf1de8"><i>Woodsboro, MD quadrangle</i></a> (Map) (2019&#160;ed.). 1:24,000. 7.5 Minute Series (The National Map). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Victor+Cullen+Center&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+Department+of+Juvenile+Services&amp;rft.au=Staff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdjs.maryland.gov%2FPages%2Ffacilities%2FVictor-Cullen-Center.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NRHP_Power_House-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NRHP_Power_House_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mht.maryland.gov/secure/medusa/PDF/NR_PDFs/NR-974.pdf">"National Register of Historic Places Registration: Victor Cullen School Power House"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 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Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141001021117/http://articles.baltimoresun.com/2014-08-08/business/bs-bz-fort-ritchie-20140808_1_fort-ritchie-community-center-agent-orange-testing-penmar-development-corp">Archived</a> from the original on October 1, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">334–</span>335<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Report+of+the+State+Roads+Commission+of+Maryland&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E334-%3C%2Fspan%3E335&amp;rft.edition=1931%E2%80%931934&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Roads+Commission&amp;rft.date=1934-12-28&amp;rft.aulast=Byron&amp;rft.aufirst=William+D.&amp;rft.au=Lacy%2C+Robert&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freportofstateroa1931mary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1935_map-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1935_map_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_Geological_Survey1935" class="citation map cs1">Maryland Geological Survey (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000012/restricted/msa_sc_5458_51_3145-49.pdf"><i>Map of Maryland Showing State Road System: State Aid Roads and Improved County Road Connections</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Map+of+Maryland+Showing+State+Road+System%3A+State+Aid+Roads+and+Improved+County+Road+Connections&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=1935&amp;rft.au=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000012%2Frestricted%2Fmsa_sc_5458_51_3145-49.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1938_map-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1938_map_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_State_Roads_Commission1938" class="citation map cs1">Maryland State Roads Commission (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000013/restricted/msa_sc_5458_51_3145-48.pdf"><i>Map of Maryland Showing State Road System</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Map+of+Maryland+Showing+State+Road+System&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Roads+Commission&amp;rft.date=1938&amp;rft.au=Maryland+State+Roads+Commission&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000013%2Frestricted%2Fmsa_sc_5458_51_3145-48.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1940_src_report-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1940_src_report_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitmanWebbThomas1941" class="citation book cs1">Whitman, Ezra B.; Webb, P. Watson; Thomas, W. Frank (March 15, 1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportofstateroa1939mary"><i>Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland</i></a> (1939–1940&#160;ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. p.&#160;122<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Report+of+the+State+Roads+Commission+of+Maryland&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pages=122&amp;rft.edition=1939%E2%80%931940&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Roads+Commission&amp;rft.date=1941-03-15&amp;rft.aulast=Whitman&amp;rft.aufirst=Ezra+B.&amp;rft.au=Webb%2C+P.+Watson&amp;rft.au=Thomas%2C+W.+Frank&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freportofstateroa1939mary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1910_map-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1910_map_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_Geological_Survey1910" class="citation map cs1">Maryland Geological Survey (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000002/restricted/msa_sc_5458_51_3145-61.pdf"><i>Map of Maryland</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Map+of+Maryland&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=1910&amp;rft.au=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000002%2Frestricted%2Fmsa_sc_5458_51_3145-61.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1923_map-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1923_map_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_Geological_Survey1923" class="citation map cs1">Maryland Geological Survey (1923). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000007/restricted/msa_sc_5458__51_3145-52.pdf"><i>Map of Maryland: Showing State Road System and State Aid Roads</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Map+of+Maryland%3A+Showing+State+Road+System+and+State+Aid+Roads&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=1923&amp;rft.au=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000007%2Frestricted%2Fmsa_sc_5458&#95;_51_3145-52.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1930_map-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1930_map_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_Geological_Survey1930" class="citation map cs1">Maryland Geological Survey (1930). <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maryland_State_Highway_Map_-_1930.jpg"><i>Map of Maryland Showing State Road System: State Aid Roads and Improved County Road Connections</i></a> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland Geological Survey.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Map+of+Maryland+Showing+State+Road+System%3A+State+Aid+Roads+and+Improved+County+Road+Connections&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft.date=1930&amp;rft.au=Maryland+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3AMaryland_State_Highway_Map_-_1930.jpg&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1936_src_report-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1936_src_report_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTablerWilkinsonLuthardt1936" class="citation book cs1">Tabler, H.E.; Wilkinson, C. Nice; Luthardt, Frank F. (December 4, 1936). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportofstateroa1935mary"><i>Report of the State Roads Commission of Maryland</i></a> (1935–1936&#160;ed.). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission. p.&#160;87<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-03-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Report+of+the+State+Roads+Commission+of+Maryland&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pages=87&amp;rft.edition=1935%E2%80%931936&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Roads+Commission&amp;rft.date=1936-12-04&amp;rft.aulast=Tabler&amp;rft.aufirst=H.E.&amp;rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+C.+Nice&amp;rft.au=Luthardt%2C+Frank+F.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freportofstateroa1935mary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1956_map-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1956_map_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_State_Roads_Commission1956" class="citation map cs1">Maryland State Roads Commission (1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000026/restricted/msa_sc_5458_51_3145-37.pdf"><i>Maryland: Official Highway Map</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Roads Commission.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Maryland%3A+Official+Highway+Map&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Roads+Commission&amp;rft.date=1956&amp;rft.au=Maryland+State+Roads+Commission&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000026%2Frestricted%2Fmsa_sc_5458_51_3145-37.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1977_map-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1977_map_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_State_Highway_Administration1977" class="citation map cs1">Maryland State Highway Administration (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000051/restricted/1977_sha.pdf"><i>Maryland: Official Highway Map</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Highway Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Maryland%3A+Official+Highway+Map&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.au=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000051%2Frestricted%2F1977_sha.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1995_map-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1995_map_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_State_Highway_Administration1995" class="citation map cs1">Maryland State Highway Administration (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000062/restricted/msa_sc_5458_51_3145-05.pdf"><i>Maryland: Official Highway Map</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Highway Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Maryland%3A+Official+Highway+Map&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.au=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000062%2Frestricted%2Fmsa_sc_5458_51_3145-05.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1997_map-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1997_map_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaryland_State_Highway_Administration1997" class="citation map cs1">Maryland State Highway Administration (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa/speccol/sc4400/sc4409/000002/000000/000063/restricted/msa_sc_5458_51_3145-04.pdf"><i>Maryland: Official Highway Map</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (Map). Baltimore: Maryland State Highway Administration.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Maryland%3A+Official+Highway+Map&amp;rft.place=Baltimore&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.au=Maryland+State+Highway+Administration&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsa.maryland.gov%2Fmegafile%2Fmsa%2Fspeccol%2Fsc4400%2Fsc4409%2F000002%2F000000%2F000063%2Frestricted%2Fmsa_sc_5458_51_3145-04.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMaryland+Route+550" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Route_550&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; 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Hampton Roads Academy
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href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Hampton+Roads+Academy%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Private, coeducational school in Newport News, Virginia, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256395774">.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-above{background:lavender;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .logo,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .seal{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-school"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme">Hampton Roads Academy</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Address</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="[&quot;_4551bf03544544cb781c27935b4b99ecc14c3b62&quot;]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;revid=1265282048&amp;groups=_4551bf03544544cb781c27935b4b99ecc14c3b62" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;revid=1265282048&amp;groups=_4551bf03544544cb781c27935b4b99ecc14c3b62 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="adr"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="street-address">739 Academy Lane</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News</a></div>, <div style="display:inline;" class="region"><a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a></div> <div style="display:inline;" class="postal-code">23602</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;params=37_6_21.3_N_76_28_54.4_W_type:edu"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°6′21.3″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°28′54.4″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.105917°N 76.481778°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">37.105917; -76.481778</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">Private</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coeducational" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeducational">Coeducational</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1959</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Oversight</th><td class="infobox-data">Board of Trustees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Principal</th><td class="infobox-data">(Upper) Benjamin Rous <br /> (Middle) Lisa Thatcher <br /> (Lower) Susanne Swain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head of school</th><td class="infobox-data">Jay Lasley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grades</th><td class="infobox-data">Pre K - 12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Age range</th><td class="infobox-data">4-18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enrollment</th><td class="infobox-data">644<sup id="cite_ref-nces_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nces-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>&#160;(2016)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average class size</th><td class="infobox-data">16</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Blue" title="Blue">Blue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold_(color)" title="Gold (color)">Gold</a> <br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:navy; color:white;">&#160;</span> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:goldenrod; color:black;">&#160;</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Athletics conference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tidewater_Conference_of_Independent_Schools" title="Tidewater Conference of Independent Schools">TCIS</a>(or Peninsula Independent Athletic League (PIAL) for Middle School Sports)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mascot</th><td class="infobox-data">Navigators</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Team name</th><td class="infobox-data">Navigators</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rival</th><td class="infobox-data">Walsingham Academy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">School fees</th><td class="infobox-data">Yearly Activity Fee (Pre-K-12) $350 Matriculation fee (one time for new students) $850</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tuition</th><td class="infobox-data">Pre-Kindergarten - Kindergarten $9,600, <p>Lower School (1-4) $10,490, Middle School (5) $12,590, Middle School (6-8) $16,375, </p> Upper School (9-12) $17,790 <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.hra.org">http://www.hra.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Hampton Roads Academy</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Private_school" title="Private school">private</a>, independent, <a href="/wiki/Co-educational" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-educational">co-educational</a>, day school in <a href="/wiki/Newport_News,_Virginia" title="Newport News, Virginia">Newport News, Virginia</a> serving 644 students in grades Pre-K through twelve, and part of the <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_Conference_of_Independent_Schools" title="Tidewater Conference of Independent Schools">Tidewater Conference of Independent Schools</a>. HRA is accredited through the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Association_of_Independent_Schools" title="Virginia Association of Independent Schools">Virginia Association of Independent Schools</a>, and is a member of the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Independent_Schools" title="National Association of Independent Schools">National Association of Independent Schools</a>. The average class size is 16, and there were 65 students in the Class of 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-nces_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nces-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The school was founded in 1959, in the context of <a href="/wiki/Massive_resistance" title="Massive resistance">massive resistance</a>, as a <a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">segregation academy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Overcoming_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overcoming-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mission_and_History">Mission and History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Mission and History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hampton Roads Academy was founded in 1959 as a <a href="/wiki/Segregation_academy" title="Segregation academy">segregation academy</a> with a student body of sixty all white students in grades seven through eleven.<sup id="cite_ref-Overcoming_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Overcoming-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The school's founder, Hampton physician Russell von Lehn Buxton, who became the first chairman of the Board of Trustees, explained that the school was established to avoid the "limitations and constraints imposed on the public school system."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Buxton, a graduate of <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton</a> and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Medical_School" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Medical School">University of Pennsylvania Medical School</a> remained on the board until 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Funding_and_Construction">Funding and Construction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Funding and Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1959, the State Corporation Commission granted Hampton Roads Academy a charter to begin construction.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The school's board of trustees turned to the community and to the First National Bank to raise funding. In May 1959, Hampton Roads Academy secretary Pauline Trimpi signed a contract to begin construction of the $113,000 project on May 15.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s">1960s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 1960s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hampton Roads Academy awarded their first graduating class in 1961, just two years after the school's founding. Throughout the 1960s, the school continued to raise funds, increase student enrollment, build new facilities, and add student programs. Notable additions to the school during this time included an expanded library, faculty houses, a multipurpose room, a cafeteria, and the student newspaper.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1961, the school earned accreditation from the Virginia Board of Education.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1970s">1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: 1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The school admitted its first black student around 1970, the start of an intentional process to diversify and become inclusive.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hampton Roads Academy continued to expand its facilities, completing construction of the Joseph Carpenter Gym in 1973, building new athletic fields and tennis courts, and paving the parking lot. In 1976, the Hampton Roads Academy Advancement Office was established, and in 1979, the school's first Middle School was created with the addition of grade six.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s">1980s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: 1980s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1980, Hampton Roads Academy hired fundraising consulting firm Marts &amp; Lundy to assist in the Silver Anniversary Campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Three years later, the school reached its campaign goal of $750,000. Excess donations were used to purchase school computers. The 1980s also saw the creation of the school's parent volunteer program, international exchange student program,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Grandparent's Day,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the construction of a new auditorium.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s">1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: 1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1990s, Hampton Roads Academy continued to expand school facilities using gifts and donations. Notable developments include the expansion of Upper School, the addition of an arts &amp; crafts wing, and the creation of a new library. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s">2000s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: 2000s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The beginning of the 2000s saw vast improvements to Hampton Roads Academy's athletic facilities. These improvements included the construction of a new baseball field, football bleachers, a press box, and the resurfacing of the track. In 2005, the Hampton Roads Country Day School began renting out space at Hampton Roads Academy. Three years later, the Hampton Roads Country Day School merged with Hampton Roads Academy, becoming a Pre-K-12 institution.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2009, Hampton Roads Academy celebrated its 50th anniversary. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: 2019"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 11, 2019, HRA held a groundbreaking ceremony on construction for a 400-seat full-service dining hall, a new Lower School wing with 12 spacious classrooms, an Innovation Lab/Makerspace, and a unique 1,000 square foot hydroponics lab.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020">2020</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: 2020"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In January 2020 the school had 615 students, from pre-kindergarten to 12th grade.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During a recent academic year, the student body was 78.2% White, 9.6% African-American, 6.7% Asian, 5.1% Hispanic, and 0.3% Pacific Islander.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hampton_Roads_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160913133058/http://www.hra.org/Page/ADMISSION/Tuition">"Hampton Roads Academy - Tuition &#124; Hampton Roads Academy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hra.org/Page/ADMISSION/Tuition">the original</a> on 2016-09-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-09-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hampton+Roads+Academy+-+Tuition+%26%23124%3B+Hampton+Roads+Academy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hra.org%2FPage%2FADMISSION%2FTuition&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nces-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nces_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nces_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nces.ed.gov/surveys/pss/privateschoolsearch/school_detail.asp?Search=1&amp;SchoolName=hampton+roads+academy&amp;State=51&amp;Miles=10&amp;NumOfStudentsRange=more&amp;IncGrade=-1&amp;LoGrade=-1&amp;HiGrade=-1&amp;ID=01432608">"Hampton Roads Academy"</a>. National Center for Education Statistics. 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 Nov</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hampton+Roads+Academy&amp;rft.pub=National+Center+for+Education+Statistics&amp;rft.date=2016&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnces.ed.gov%2Fsurveys%2Fpss%2Fprivateschoolsearch%2Fschool_detail.asp%3FSearch%3D1%26SchoolName%3Dhampton%2Broads%2Bacademy%26State%3D51%26Miles%3D10%26NumOfStudentsRange%3Dmore%26IncGrade%3D-1%26LoGrade%3D-1%26HiGrade%3D-1%26ID%3D01432608&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Overcoming-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Overcoming_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Overcoming_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHanthornLenz2004" class="citation news cs1">Hanthorn, Jessica; Lenz, Kimberly (16 May 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181128075141/https://www.dailypress.com/dp-brown16-private-story.html">"Overcoming Exclusion"</a>. <i>Newport News Daily Press</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypress.com/dp-brown16-private-story.html">the original</a> on 28 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Newport+News+Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Overcoming+Exclusion&amp;rft.date=2004-05-16&amp;rft.aulast=Hanthorn&amp;rft.aufirst=Jessica&amp;rft.au=Lenz%2C+Kimberly&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypress.com%2Fdp-brown16-private-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/233358953/">"New private school to be setup here"</a>. <i>Newport Daily Press</i>. February 6, 1956. p.&#160;1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Newport+Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=New+private+school+to+be+setup+here&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.date=1956-02-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F233358953%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-xpm-19911124-1991-11-24-9111240008-story.html">"Dr. Russell Buxton, 83"</a>. 24 November 1991.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dr.+Russell+Buxton%2C+83&amp;rft.date=1991-11-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypress.com%2Fnews%2Fdp-xpm-19911124-1991-11-24-9111240008-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://paw.princeton.edu/memorial/russell-lehn-von-buxton-%E2%80%9929">https://paw.princeton.edu/memorial/russell-lehn-von-buxton-%E2%80%9929</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/233359578/">"Trustees Outline Program of Hampton Roads Academy for Private School Plant"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. February 14, 1959. p.&#160;3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Trustees+Outline+Program+of+Hampton+Roads+Academy+for+Private+School+Plant&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.date=1959-02-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F233359578%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/230176241/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy">"Construction Contract Signed"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. May 1, 1959. p.&#160;3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Construction+Contract+Signed&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.date=1959-05-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F230176241%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/231420180/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy">"Hampton Roads Academy Building Combination Gym, Hall, Cafeteria"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. October 28, 1961. p.&#160;3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Hampton+Roads+Academy+Building+Combination+Gym%2C+Hall%2C+Cafeteria&amp;rft.pages=3&amp;rft.date=1961-10-28&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F231420180%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/232712057/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy%2Bvirginia%2Bboard%2Bof%2Beducation">"State Accredits Academy; First Expansion Scheduled"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. February 19, 1961. p.&#160;3A.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=State+Accredits+Academy%3B+First+Expansion+Scheduled&amp;rft.pages=3A&amp;rft.date=1961-02-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F232712057%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy%252Bvirginia%252Bboard%252Bof%252Beducation&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1986" class="citation news cs1">Butler, Cathy (December 31, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/234217110">"Schools strive to shed segregationist image"</a>. <i>Newport Daily Press</i>. pp.&#160;B1, B3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Newport+Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Schools+strive+to+shed+segregationist+image&amp;rft.pages=B1%2C+B3&amp;rft.date=1986-12-31&amp;rft.aulast=Butler&amp;rft.aufirst=Cathy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F234217110&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/234184393/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy%2Bmiddle%2Bschool">"Hampton Roads Academy"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. December 16, 1979. p.&#160;C3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Hampton+Roads+Academy&amp;rft.pages=C3&amp;rft.date=1979-12-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F234184393%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy%252Bmiddle%252Bschool&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/238164986/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy%2Bsilver%2Banniversary%2Bcampaign">"$150,000 Gift Starts Drive"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. March 31, 1982. p.&#160;12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=%24150%2C000+Gift+Starts+Drive&amp;rft.pages=12&amp;rft.date=1982-03-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F238164986%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy%252Bsilver%252Banniversary%252Bcampaign&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/234800332/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy%2Bparents%2Bvolunteer%2Bprogram">"Bulletin Board"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. November 18, 1985. p.&#160;B2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Bulletin+Board&amp;rft.pages=B2&amp;rft.date=1985-11-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F234800332%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy%252Bparents%252Bvolunteer%252Bprogram&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/234268904/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy%2Bgrandparents%2Bday">"Grandparent's Day at the Academy"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. April 25, 1985. p.&#160;5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Grandparent%27s+Day+at+the+Academy&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.date=1985-04-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F234268904%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy%252Bgrandparents%252Bday&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/236346699/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bacademy%2Bauditorium">"Real Estate Briefs"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. June 24, 1989. p.&#160;C2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Real+Estate+Briefs&amp;rft.pages=C2&amp;rft.date=1989-06-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F236346699%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bacademy%252Bauditorium&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/270318802/?terms=hampton%2Broads%2Bcountry%2Bday%2Bschool">"School Options"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. July 8, 2008. p.&#160;C8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=School+Options&amp;rft.pages=C8&amp;rft.date=2008-07-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F270318802%2F%3Fterms%3Dhampton%252Broads%252Bcountry%252Bday%252Bschool&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hra.org/news-detail?pk=1003185&amp;fromId=250301">"Hampton Roads Academy holds groundbreaking ceremony"</a>. <i>Hampton Roads Academy</i>. 2019-02-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Hampton+Roads+Academy&amp;rft.atitle=Hampton+Roads+Academy+holds+groundbreaking+ceremony&amp;rft.date=2019-02-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hra.org%2Fnews-detail%3Fpk%3D1003185%26fromId%3D250301&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailypress.com/news/dp-nws-hampton-roads-academy-0108-20200107-savszk2f6bettlw2eozf2rqm7i-story.html">"Some Virginia Private Schools Have Struggled or Closed. Here's How Hampton Roads Academy is Growing"</a>. <i>Daily Press</i>. January 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Some+Virginia+Private+Schools+Have+Struggled+or+Closed.+Here%27s+How+Hampton+Roads+Academy+is+Growing&amp;rft.date=2020-01-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailypress.com%2Fnews%2Fdp-nws-hampton-roads-academy-0108-20200107-savszk2f6bettlw2eozf2rqm7i-story.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHampton+Roads+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niche.com/k12/hampton-roads-academy-newport-news-va/students/">"Hampton Roads Academy Students"</a>.</cite><span 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Rex Gatchalian
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href="#Congressional_career_(2007–2013)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Congressional career (2007–2013)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Congressional_career_(2007–2013)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mayor_of_Valenzuela_City_(2013–2022)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mayor_of_Valenzuela_City_(2013–2022)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Mayor of Valenzuela City (2013–2022)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mayor_of_Valenzuela_City_(2013–2022)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Programs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Programs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Programs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Programs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Liveable_Valenzuela_City" 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class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(2023–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(2023–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (2023–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(2023–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_recognitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_recognitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Awards and recognitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_recognitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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Please do not remove this message until <a href="/wiki/Template:POV#When_to_remove" title="Template:POV">conditions to do so are met</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2019</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Philippine name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> or maternal &#32;<a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i>Ting</i>&#32;and the surname or paternal family name is <i>Gatchalian</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Rex Gatchalian</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Sec._Rex_Gatchalian_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sec._Rex_Gatchalian_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Sec._Rex_Gatchalian_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="291" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sec._Rex_Gatchalian_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Sec._Rex_Gatchalian_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Sec._Rex_Gatchalian_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Sec._Rex_Gatchalian_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="913" data-file-height="1207" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Official portrait of Gatchalian in 2023</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">28th <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a><br /></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><div class="skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="width:100%; margin:0; color: black; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span>&#32;<br />January 31, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Eduardo Punay (<a href="/wiki/Officer_in_Charge_(Philippines)" title="Officer in Charge (Philippines)"><abbr title="Officer in Charge">OIC</abbr></a>)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <br /><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">Philippine House of Representatives</a><br /> from <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Valenzuela&#39;s 1st congressional district">1st</a> district</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 2022&#160;–&#32;January 31, 2023</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wes_Gatchalian" title="Wes Gatchalian">Wes Gatchalian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Vacant</i></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 2007&#160;–&#32;June 30, 2013</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bobbit_Carlos" title="Bobbit Carlos">Bobbit Carlos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win Gatchalian</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">26th <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Valenzuela" title="Mayor of Valenzuela">Mayor of Valenzuela</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />June 30, 2013&#160;–&#32;June 30, 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Vice Mayor</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eric_Martinez" title="Eric Martinez">Eric Martinez</a> (2013–2016)<br /><a href="/wiki/Lorena_Natividad-Borja" class="mw-redirect" title="Lorena Natividad-Borja">Lorena Natividad-Borja</a> (2016–2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win Gatchalian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Wes_Gatchalian" title="Wes Gatchalian">Wes Gatchalian</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Rexlon Ting Gatchalian</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1979-01-21</span>) </span>January 21, 1979<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;45)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People&#39;s Coalition">Nationalist People's Coalition</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win Gatchalian</a> (brother)<br /><a href="/wiki/Wes_Gatchalian" title="Wes Gatchalian">Wes Gatchalian</a> (brother)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Residence</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela, Metro Manila</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">BS</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician, public servant</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Rexlon Ting Gatchalian</b> (<a href="/wiki/Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Chinese</a>&#58; <span lang="zh-Hant">張僑倫</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>&#58; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Zhāng Qiáolún</span></i>; born January 21, 1979) is a Filipino politician serving as the 28th <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a> since 2023. He previously served as the district representative<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Mayors_of_Valenzuela" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayors of Valenzuela">Mayor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a>, Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He is the brother of politicians <a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win Gatchalian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wes_Gatchalian" title="Wes Gatchalian">Wes Gatchalian</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_early_career">Early life and early career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gatchalian was born on January 21, 1979, to industrialist William Gatchalian and Dee Hua Ting. He is the third of four siblings, namely <a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Sherwin</a>, Kenneth, and <a href="/wiki/Wes_Gatchalian" title="Wes Gatchalian">Weslie</a>. The Gatchalian family identifies as Christian with Dee Hua being a pastor and chairman at their own church called Jesus our Life Ministries in Barangay Maysan, Valenzuela. He completed his primary and secondary education at <a href="/wiki/Xavier_School" title="Xavier School">Xavier School</a> in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan, Metro Manila</a>. </p><p>He started his career as a sales assistant or special projects coordinator for Air Philippines Inc. in 1998. He then became a special assistant to the President/CEO of the Philippines Estates Corporation. He served as an intern of Political Affairs Group in 2000 and as a paralegal for Williams and Connelly, LLP in Washington, D.C. in 2001. He later graduated <a href="/wiki/Cum_laude" class="mw-redirect" title="Cum laude">cum laude</a> in 2001 from the <a href="/wiki/George_Washington_University" title="George Washington University">George Washington University</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, with a bachelor's degree in political science, with secondary fields of study in marketing and psychology.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, he was named vice president for sales &amp; marketing of Waterfront Hotels and Casinos, the country's largest Filipino-owned first-class hotel operator. One year later, he was named as its executive vice president for hotel operations. In 2005, he was elected president of Waterfront Hotels and Casinos.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_congressional_attempt_(2004)"><span id="First_congressional_attempt_.282004.29"></span>First congressional attempt (2004)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: First congressional attempt (2004)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Win_Gatchalian_together_with_his_brother_Rex_Gatchalian_and_FPJ.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Win_Gatchalian_together_with_his_brother_Rex_Gatchalian_and_FPJ.JPG/220px-Win_Gatchalian_together_with_his_brother_Rex_Gatchalian_and_FPJ.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Win_Gatchalian_together_with_his_brother_Rex_Gatchalian_and_FPJ.JPG/330px-Win_Gatchalian_together_with_his_brother_Rex_Gatchalian_and_FPJ.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Win_Gatchalian_together_with_his_brother_Rex_Gatchalian_and_FPJ.JPG/440px-Win_Gatchalian_together_with_his_brother_Rex_Gatchalian_and_FPJ.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="992" /></a><figcaption>Rex Gatchalian (left) and his brother <a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win</a> (right) with <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Poe_Jr." title="Fernando Poe Jr.">Fernando Poe Jr.</a> (center) in 2004</figcaption></figure> <p>Gatchalian first ran for representative of the <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela%27s_1st_congressional_district" title="Valenzuela&#39;s 1st congressional district">1st district</a> of <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a>, in <a href="/wiki/2004_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2004 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2004</a> but lost to outgoing Mayor <a href="/wiki/Bobbit_Carlos" title="Bobbit Carlos">Bobbit Carlos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_career_(2007–2013)"><span id="Congressional_career_.282007.E2.80.932013.29"></span>Congressional career (2007–2013)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Congressional career (2007–2013)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/2007_Valenzuela_local_elections" title="2007 Valenzuela local elections">2007</a>, Gatchalian ran for representative of the 1st District of Valenzuela once again and was successful this time. He was one of the youngest legislators during the <a href="/wiki/14th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="14th Congress of the Philippines">14th Congress</a>. </p><p>As Vice-chairman for the Congressional Committee for Overseas Workers’ Affairs, he authored Republic Act No. 10022, also known as An Act Amending R.A. 8042, otherwise known as the Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995. The law mandates new policies for the further protection and genuine representation of migrant workers. He is also one of the principal authors of Republic Act No. 9576, or the law that doubles the maximum deposit insurance coverage by the Philippine Deposit Insurance Corporation (PDIC) from <span style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philippine_peso" title="Philippine peso">₱</a>250,000</span> to <span style="white-space: nowrap">₱500,000</span>. It was also during his first term as Representative that he was elected as National Spokesperson for the political party <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_People%27s_Coalition" title="Nationalist People&#39;s Coalition">Nationalist People's Coalition</a> (NPC). </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2010_Valenzuela_local_elections" title="2010 Valenzuela local elections">2010</a>, Gatchalian was re-elected as representative of the 1st District of <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela</a> for the 15th Congress with the largest electoral margin in the district's history. At the age of 31, he became the youngest member of the Commission on Appointments in history, and the only Congressional Representation from the City of Valenzuela to be a member. He also served as the Senior Vice-chairman for the Congressional Committee on Games &amp; Amusements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mayor_of_Valenzuela_City_(2013–2022)"><span id="Mayor_of_Valenzuela_City_.282013.E2.80.932022.29"></span>Mayor of Valenzuela City (2013–2022)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Mayor of Valenzuela City (2013–2022)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rex_Gatchalian.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Rex_Gatchalian.jpg/220px-Rex_Gatchalian.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/Rex_Gatchalian.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="244" data-file-height="344" /></a><figcaption>Mayor Gatchalian speaking to his constituents</figcaption></figure> <p>Gatchalian was elected <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Valenzuela" title="Mayor of Valenzuela">Mayor of Valenzuela</a> in <a href="/wiki/2013_Valenzuela_local_elections" title="2013 Valenzuela local elections">2013</a>. He was re-elected in <a href="/wiki/2016_Valenzuela_local_elections" title="2016 Valenzuela local elections">2016</a> and in <a href="/wiki/2019_Valenzuela_local_elections" title="2019 Valenzuela local elections">2019</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>His public service platform, better known as the “Five Pillars of Good Governance,” focused on the essential needs of his constituents: Education, Health and Social Services, Housing, Job Generation, and Trade and Industry. </p><p>He oversaw the creation of 48 barangay health stations (BHS) city-wide and the 14 Sentro ng Sama-Samang Serbisyo or 3S Centers as well as the ALERT Center, the Valenzuela City's Peoples Park, and the Valenzuela School of Mathematics and Science. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Programs">Programs</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Programs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Other programs developed under his term as a Mayor include: </p> <ul><li>3S Plus Electronic Terminal - the Philippines’ first electronic building permit application system<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bantay Estudyante – the first senior citizen-force multiplier group that protects the safety of children who walk their way to public schools<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bantay Ilog – the first local flood control arm that safeguards the city' rivers and creeks from pollutants<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Barangay-Based Feeding Program (BBFP) – the local government's free supply of nutritious, ready-to-cook food for malnourished children aged six months to five years, provided that their parents regularly bring them to the barangay health station for weighing, check-up and vaccination<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Kitchen-on-Wheels – the mobile kitchen used by the City Social Welfare and Development Office (CSWDO) to immediately transport meals for typhoon victims or disaster-stricken communities<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Women's Wellness Clinic, Mobile Medical and Dental Clinics, and Mobile Botika (pharmacy) – the city government's mobile health facilities for medical missions and rescue operations<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>VPOW or Valenzuela Police-on-Wheels - the first mobile police precinct in the country<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>www.ValenzuelaTrabaho.gov.ph - the first job-matching website operated by a local government unit (LGU)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Education 360 Degrees Investment Program- addresses education problems the city is facing. The program is a holistic approach to uplifting the quality of local basic education. The City Government of Valenzuela, through this program, distributed 24,000 tablets to public elementary and high school students making sure that no student is left behind in quality education.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Disiplina Village Bignay, Ugong, Lingunan, Arkong Bato- Disiplina Village is the biggest in-city medium-rise public rental housing project in the country. It has a 3S Center, barangay health station, Police Community Precinct, Fire Substation, Barangay Hall and Daycare Center (aside from other four day care centers scattered among the clusters of buildings). It is complete with basic education facilities with the inclusion of the Disiplina Village Bignay Elementary and High School. The Activity Center/Covered Court and the mini park can be found at its heart. The construction of the Disiplina Village Transport Terminal, public market, and chapel are underway.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>3S Plus Valenzuela City Online Services- This is the first integrated permit application system in the country. It provides a single platform for the application of the permits and request for documents. The highlight of the system, is "Paspas Permit". Paspas Permit is a 10-second business permit application system.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>PPP Projects- Marulas Public Market, Valenzuela Town Center, Disiplina Village Bignay Transport Terminal at Public Market, expansion of Valenzuela City Hemodialysis Center at Valenzuela City Emergency Hospital.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>3S Centers- 3S Centers, stand for "Sentro ng Sama-samang Serbisyo" are "little city halls" designed to bring the government services closer to local residents. As of December 2020, the city now has 24 3S centers.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Liveable_Valenzuela_City">Liveable Valenzuela City</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Liveable Valenzuela City"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After completing his projects for the 5 Pillars, Gatchalian's second wave of undertakings focused on transforming Valenzuela City into a more liveable one. His notion of a liveable city essentially implies the presence of a leveled up infrastructure network and integrated sound protocols on logistics and management that will enable the city to respond to disasters and other challenges - hence, the birth of the ALERT Center (Allied Local Emergency and Evacuation Response Teams).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The ALERT Center is the brain of the disaster preparedness and response of the city, and the roof of the Valenzuela City Disaster Preparedness Office (DPO), the new Central Fire Station, Red Cross Volunteer Center, the Valenzuela City Command and Coordinating Center (VCC3), and the VC Tent. </p><p>In 2014, Gatchalian started inaugurating the 3S Centers<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or the <i>Sentro ng Sama-samang Serbisyo</i>. The ‘little city halls’ house the fundamental satellite offices of the local government, such as the barangay health stations, fire substations, <i>Serbisyo Centers</i> (satellite offices for the payment of business permits, real property, and other government taxes), and many more. </p><p>On February 14, 2015, the city's 17th Charter Day, Valenzuelanos’ much awaited Valenzuela City People's Park<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was officially opened to the public. </p><p>Another facility in the city that boasts of a nature-centered open space and is free to the public is the <b>Valenzuela City Family Park</b> also in Karuhatan. There is a playground, interactive fountain, aviary, fitness machines, amphitheater, and a food park in the park. The park is also pet-friendly, bike-friendly, and accessible to persons with disability.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the many initiatives of the city government to create greener spaces, <b>Polo Mini Park</b> was inaugurated on January 21, 2020, six months after the announcement of the rehabilitation of the historical old town square of Polo. The park is adorned with hundred-years old luscious trees, fountain, memorial marker commemorating war veterans and statues of Pío Valenzuela and José Rizal. The park signifies not only a place for relaxation but also marks the historical identity of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dubbed as Valenzuela City's "best kept secret", the <b>Tagalag Fishing Village</b> lies beside a 1.3&#160;km (0.81&#160;mi) boardwalk in Barangay <a href="/wiki/Tagalag,_Valenzuela" title="Tagalag, Valenzuela">Tagalag</a>. Various activities are being offered in one of the newest attractions in the city such as recreational fishing, line fishing tutorials, bird watching, boating, photowalk, and sunset watching.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="COVID-19_response">COVID-19 response</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: COVID-19 response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_Philippines" title="COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines">COVID-19 pandemic</a>, Valenzuela City was the first local government to conduct localized targeted mass testing.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city kicked off its own localized targeted mass testing for the coronavirus disease on April 11, 2020. </p><p>On September 12, 2020, the City Government of Valenzuela was able to acquire a COVID-19 testing laboratory license to operate for our Valenzuela Hope Molecular Laboratory, which complements the operation of the 24/7 Valenzuela City Mega Contact Tracing Center. The laboratory can process 800 samples a day, and also accepts other cities' samples to be processed at Valenzuela Hope Molecular Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addressing the crowd and long lines in public markets, mobile palengkes were rolled out. </p><p><b>Valenzuela Tracing Application</b> <sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> began to roll out on September 12, 2020. It is an automated contact tracing system through the use of QR codes, which provides safe, timely contact identification. <a href="/wiki/Valtrace" title="Valtrace">ValTrace</a> is also interconnected with <a href="/wiki/Pasig" title="Pasig">Pasig</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antipolo" title="Antipolo">Antipolo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under the Alagang Valenzuelano program of Valenzuela City, they distributed food vouchers to families in the city.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as well as care bags for children with disabilities <sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and NutriPacks for kids enrolled at public daycare centers.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 10, 2021, the city government has also signed a deal for advance purchase of 640,000 doses of <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_vaccine" title="COVID-19 vaccine">COVID-19 vaccine</a> developed by <a href="/wiki/AstraZeneca" title="AstraZeneca">AstraZeneca</a> to vaccinate 320,000 individuals, 70% of the population of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Congressional_career_(2022–2023)"><span id="Congressional_career_.282022.E2.80.932023.29"></span>Congressional career (2022–2023)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Congressional career (2022–2023)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Rex_Gatchalian_(19th_Congress).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rep._Rex_Gatchalian_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/154px-Rep._Rex_Gatchalian_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="154" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rep._Rex_Gatchalian_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/231px-Rep._Rex_Gatchalian_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Rep._Rex_Gatchalian_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg/308px-Rep._Rex_Gatchalian_%2819th_Congress%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="611" data-file-height="826" /></a><figcaption>Official portrait of Gatchalian during the 19th Congress</figcaption></figure> <p>Being term-limited for mayor, Gatchalian ran for representative of the 1st district of Valenzuela in <a href="/wiki/2022_Philippine_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2022 Philippine House of Representatives elections">2022</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He eventually won in an uncontested race. He was then elected as the Chairman of the Committee on Local Government of the House of Representatives in the <a href="/wiki/19th_Congress_of_the_Philippines" title="19th Congress of the Philippines">19th Congress</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(2023–present)"><span id="Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_.282023.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (2023–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Secretary of Social Welfare and Development (2023–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023-09-19_%E2%80%93_PBBM_gives_away_confiscated_smuggled_rice_to_poor_families_(04).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2023-09-19_%E2%80%93_PBBM_gives_away_confiscated_smuggled_rice_to_poor_families_%2804%29.jpg/220px-2023-09-19_%E2%80%93_PBBM_gives_away_confiscated_smuggled_rice_to_poor_families_%2804%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2023-09-19_%E2%80%93_PBBM_gives_away_confiscated_smuggled_rice_to_poor_families_%2804%29.jpg/330px-2023-09-19_%E2%80%93_PBBM_gives_away_confiscated_smuggled_rice_to_poor_families_%2804%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/2023-09-19_%E2%80%93_PBBM_gives_away_confiscated_smuggled_rice_to_poor_families_%2804%29.jpg/440px-2023-09-19_%E2%80%93_PBBM_gives_away_confiscated_smuggled_rice_to_poor_families_%2804%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="880" /></a><figcaption>Gatchalian (left) with President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> (center), who led the distribution confiscated smuggled rice to <a href="/wiki/Pantawid_Pamilyang_Pilipino_Program" title="Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program">4Ps</a> beneficiaries in <a href="/wiki/Tungawan" title="Tungawan">Tungawan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zamboanga_Sibugay" title="Zamboanga Sibugay">Zamboanga Sibugay</a> on September 19, 2023</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 31, 2023, Gatchalian was appointed by President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a>; he took oath on the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With his appointment, he gave up his House Representative seat of the 1st district of Valenzuela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_recognitions">Awards and recognitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Awards and recognitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Valenzuela City earned several citations under the Gatchalian's leadership. The citations profess the city's economic accountability, livability and disaster preparedness, outstanding employment and micro-entrepreneurship development programs, timely health and social protection policies, and sound implementation of peace and order advocacies.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Valenzuela City, led by Mayor Rex Gatchalian, landed three of the Top 10 Outstanding Local Governance Programs in Galing Pook Awards- Valenzuela Live, Tagalag Fishing Village and Paspas Permit.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/happens/1025">"2022 local and national elections"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_STAR" class="mw-redirect" title="The Philippine STAR">The Philippine STAR</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+STAR&amp;rft.atitle=2022+local+and+national+elections&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fhappens%2F1025&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bworldonline.com/main/content.php?id=16447">"Congress consolidating measures to defer barangay elections"</a>. <i>BusinessWorld</i>. 24 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2010</span>. <q>... Rexlon T. Gatchalian (1st district, Valenzuela City), ....</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BusinessWorld&amp;rft.atitle=Congress+consolidating+measures+to+defer+barangay+elections&amp;rft.date=2010-08-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bworldonline.com%2Fmain%2Fcontent.php%3Fid%3D16447&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged April 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNatividad2010" class="citation news cs1">Natividad, Beverly T. (5 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100514154336/http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20100511-269440/Gatchalian-Oreta-keep-mayoral-post-in-Valenzuela-Malabon">"Gatchalian, Oreta keep mayoral post in Valenzuela, Malabon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Daily_Inquirer" title="Philippine Daily Inquirer">Philippine Daily Inquirer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/breakingnews/metro/view/20100511-269440/Gatchalian-Oreta-keep-mayoral-post-in-Valenzuela-Malabon">the original</a> on 14 May 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Philippine+Daily+Inquirer&amp;rft.atitle=Gatchalian%2C+Oreta+keep+mayoral+post+in+Valenzuela%2C+Malabon&amp;rft.date=2010-11-05&amp;rft.aulast=Natividad&amp;rft.aufirst=Beverly+T.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2Fbreakingnews%2Fmetro%2Fview%2F20100511-269440%2FGatchalian-Oreta-keep-mayoral-post-in-Valenzuela-Malabon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.valenzuela.gov.ph/index.php/government/officials/District+1/Congress+Representative/131">"Hon. REX Gatchalian"</a>. <i>City Government of Valenzuela</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=City+Government+of+Valenzuela&amp;rft.atitle=Hon.+REX+Gatchalian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.valenzuela.gov.ph%2Findex.php%2Fgovernment%2Fofficials%2FDistrict%2B1%2FCongress%2BRepresentative%2F131&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaude2007" class="citation news cs1">Laude, Pete (March 25, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/metro/2007/03/25/391236/3-gatchalian-brothers-eyeing-valenzuela-posts">"3 Gatchalian brothers eyeing Valenzuela posts"</a>. <i>The Philippine Star</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&amp;rft.atitle=3+Gatchalian+brothers+eyeing+Valenzuela+posts&amp;rft.date=2007-03-25&amp;rft.aulast=Laude&amp;rft.aufirst=Pete&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fmetro%2F2007%2F03%2F25%2F391236%2F3-gatchalian-brothers-eyeing-valenzuela-posts&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValenzuela2019" class="citation web cs1">Valenzuela, Nikka (May 14, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1118323/rex-gatchalian-gets-3rd-term-as-valenzuela-mayor">"Rex Gatchalian gets 3rd term as Valenzuela mayor"</a>. <i>Inquirer.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(3 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/573096/valenzuela-launches-automated-permit-approval-system">"Valenzuela launches automated permit approval system"</a>. <i>newsinfo.inquirer.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cnnphilippines.com/news/2020/4/11/Valenzuela-City-COVID-19-targeted-mass-testing.html">the original</a> on August 19, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CNN+Philippines&amp;rft.atitle=Valenzuela+City+begins+COVID-19+targeted+mass+testing&amp;rft.date=2020-04-11&amp;rft.aulast=Dimatulac&amp;rft.aufirst=Crissy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2020%2F4%2F11%2FValenzuela-City-COVID-19-targeted-mass-testing.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/in-depth/chorus-funds-sustains-valenzuela-city-mass-testing-ways-lgus-manage-budget-covid-19-series-yearend-2020">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'A chorus of funds' sustains Valenzuela City's COVID-19 mass testing"</a>. 11 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%27A+chorus+of+funds%27+sustains+Valenzuela+City%27s+COVID-19+mass+testing&amp;rft.date=2020-12-11&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnewsbreak%2Fin-depth%2Fchorus-funds-sustains-valenzuela-city-mass-testing-ways-lgus-manage-budget-covid-19-series-yearend-2020&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1115247">"Valenzuela creates contact tracing app via QR code system"</a>. <i>Philippine News Agency</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Philippine+News+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=Valenzuela+creates+contact+tracing+app+via+QR+code+system&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pna.gov.ph%2Farticles%2F1115247&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1061026">"News"</a>. <i>Philippine Information Agency</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Philippine+Information+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=News&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpia.gov.ph%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1061026&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ptvnews.ph/alagang-valenzuelano-food-pack-distribution-now-on-its-second-wave/">"You are being redirected"</a>. Ptvnews.ph<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=You+are+being+redirected&amp;rft.pub=Ptvnews.ph&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ptvnews.ph%2Falagang-valenzuelano-food-pack-distribution-now-on-its-second-wave%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metronewscentral.net/valenzuela/featured-lgu-metro-cities/valenzuela-delivers-care-bags-to-children-with-disabilities">"Valenzuela delivers 'care bags' to children with disabilities"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Valenzuela+delivers+%27care+bags%27+to+children+with+disabilities&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetronewscentral.net%2Fvalenzuela%2Ffeatured-lgu-metro-cities%2Fvalenzuela-delivers-care-bags-to-children-with-disabilities&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1038609">"News"</a>. <i>Philippine Information Agency</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Philippine+Information+Agency&amp;rft.atitle=News&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpia.gov.ph%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1038609&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1381905/valenzuela-city-inks-deal-for-supply-of-640k-doses-of-astrazeneca-vaccine">"Valenzuela City inks deal for supply of 640K doses of AstraZeneca vaccine"</a>. 10 January 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Valenzuela+City+inks+deal+for+supply+of+640K+doses+of+AstraZeneca+vaccine&amp;rft.date=2021-01-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1381905%2Fvalenzuela-city-inks-deal-for-supply-of-640k-doses-of-astrazeneca-vaccine&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rappler.com/nation/elections/wes-rex-gatchalian-seek-switch-posts-mayor-district-representative-valenzuela-2022/">"Wes, Rex Gatchalian seek to switch Valenzuela posts in 2022"</a>. <i>Rappler</i>. October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Rappler&amp;rft.atitle=Wes%2C+Rex+Gatchalian+seek+to+switch+Valenzuela+posts+in+2022&amp;rft.date=2021-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2Felections%2Fwes-rex-gatchalian-seek-switch-posts-mayor-district-representative-valenzuela-2022%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1636102/more-house-members-get-committee-chairmanships">"More House members get committee chairmanships"</a>. 27 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=More+House+members+get+committee+chairmanships&amp;rft.date=2022-07-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewsinfo.inquirer.net%2F1636102%2Fmore-house-members-get-committee-chairmanships&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2023/01/31/2241596/marcos-picks-rex-gatchalian-head-dswd">"Marcos picks Rex Gatchalian to head DSWD"</a>. <i>Philstar.com</i>. January 31, 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 31,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Philstar.com&amp;rft.atitle=Marcos+picks+Rex+Gatchalian+to+head+DSWD&amp;rft.date=2023-01-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2023%2F01%2F31%2F2241596%2Fmarcos-picks-rex-gatchalian-head-dswd&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeronimo2017" class="citation web cs1">Geronimo, Jee Y. (13 October 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/185127-galing-pook-awards-2017">"Best practices of 10 LGUs recognized at 2017 Galing Pook Awards"</a>. <i>Rappler</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Rappler&amp;rft.atitle=Best+practices+of+10+LGUs+recognized+at+2017+Galing+Pook+Awards&amp;rft.date=2017-10-13&amp;rft.aulast=Geronimo&amp;rft.aufirst=Jee+Y.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rappler.com%2Fnation%2F185127-galing-pook-awards-2017&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbad2017" class="citation web cs1">Abad, Roderick (2017-11-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://businessmirror.com.ph/2017/11/15/valenzuela-collects-3rd-galing-pook-award/">"Valenzuela collects 3rd Galing Pook award - Roderick Abad"</a>. <i>BusinessMirror</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BusinessMirror&amp;rft.atitle=Valenzuela+collects+3rd+Galing+Pook+award+-+Roderick+Abad&amp;rft.date=2017-11-15&amp;rft.aulast=Abad&amp;rft.aufirst=Roderick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbusinessmirror.com.ph%2F2017%2F11%2F15%2Fvalenzuela-collects-3rd-galing-pook-award%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manilatimes.net/2017/08/07/news/national/at-a-glance-national/valenzuela-city-gets-4-awards-july/342898/">"Valenzuela City gets 4 awards in July"</a>. <i>The Manila Times</i>. 7 August 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Manila+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Valenzuela+City+gets+4+awards+in+July&amp;rft.date=2017-08-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manilatimes.net%2F2017%2F08%2F07%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fat-a-glance-national%2Fvalenzuela-city-gets-4-awards-july%2F342898%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valenzuela.gov.ph/government/achievements">"Valenzuela City Achievements"</a>. <i>Tayo Na, Valenzuela!</i>. City Government of Valenzuela<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnnphilippines.com/news/2021/10/20/Valenzuela-City-2021-Galing-Pook-Awards--.html">the original</a> on 2021-12-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Valenzuela+City+wins+big+at+2021+Galing+Pook+Awards&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnnphilippines.com%2Fnews%2F2021%2F10%2F20%2FValenzuela-City-2021-Galing-Pook-Awards--.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARex+Gatchalian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rex_Gatchalian&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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Congress of the Philippines</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_of_the_Philippines" title="House of Representatives of the Philippines">House of Representatives of the Philippines</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Emmanuel_Carlos" class="mw-redirect" title="Jose Emmanuel Carlos">Jose Emmanuel Carlos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Valenzuela_City#1st_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative districts of Valenzuela City">Representative of the First District</a> of Valenzuela </b><br />2007&#8211;2013 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win Gatchalian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wes_Gatchalian" title="Wes Gatchalian">Wes Gatchalian</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Legislative_districts_of_Valenzuela_City#1st_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative districts of Valenzuela City">Representative of the First District</a> of Valenzuela </b><br />2022–2023 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Vacant</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Win_Gatchalian" title="Win Gatchalian">Win Gatchalian</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Valenzuela" title="Mayor of Valenzuela">Mayor of Valenzuela</a> </b><br />2013–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Wes_Gatchalian" title="Wes Gatchalian">Wes Gatchalian</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Eduardo Punay<br /><small><a href="/wiki/Officer_in_Charge_(Philippines)" title="Officer in Charge (Philippines)"><abbr title="Officer in Charge">OIC</abbr></a></small></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a> </b><br />2023–present </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Incumbent</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;">Order of precedence </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Jose_Acuzar" title="Jose Acuzar">Jose Acuzar</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Human_Settlements_and_Urban_Development" title="Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development">Secretary of Human Settlements and Urban Development</a> </b></i> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Philippine_order_of_precedence" title="Philippine order of precedence">Order of Precedence of the Philippines</a><br /><small><i>as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development" title="Secretary of Social Welfare and Development">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a></i></small> </b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Conrado_Estrella_III" title="Conrado Estrella III">Conrado Estrella III</a></div><i><b>as <a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Secretary of Agrarian Reform">Secretary of Agrarian Reform</a> </b></i> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Executive_Secretary_(Philippines)" title="Executive Secretary (Philippines)">Executive Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Victor_Rodriguez_(lawyer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Rodriguez (lawyer)">Victor Rodriguez</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lucas_Bersamin" title="Lucas Bersamin">Lucas Bersamin</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_the_Interior_and_Local_Government" title="Department of the Interior and Local Government">Secretary of Interior and Local Government</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Benhur_Abalos" title="Benhur Abalos">Benhur Abalos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jonvic_Remulla" title="Jonvic Remulla">Jonvic Remulla</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agrarian_Reform" title="Department of Agrarian Reform">Secretary of Agrarian Reform</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Conrado_Estrella_III" title="Conrado Estrella III">Conrado Estrella III</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Justice_(Philippines)" title="Department of Justice (Philippines)">Secretary of Justice</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Crispin_Remulla" title="Jesus Crispin Remulla">Jesus Crispin Remulla</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Agriculture_(Philippines)" title="Department of Agriculture (Philippines)">Secretary of Agriculture</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>**<br /><a href="/wiki/Francisco_Tiu_Laurel_Jr." title="Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.">Francisco Tiu Laurel Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Labor_and_Employment_(Philippines)" title="Department of Labor and Employment (Philippines)">Secretary of Labor and Employment</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_Laguesma" title="Bienvenido Laguesma">Bienvenido Laguesma</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Budget_and_Management" title="Department of Budget and Management">Secretary of Budget and Management</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Amenah_Pangandaman" title="Amenah Pangandaman">Amenah Pangandaman</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Migrant_Workers_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Migrant Workers (Philippines)">Secretary of Migrant Workers</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Susan_Ople" title="Susan Ople">Susan Ople</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Hans_Cacdac" title="Hans Cacdac">Hans Leo Cacdac</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Education_(Philippines)" title="Department of Education (Philippines)">Secretary of Education</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte-Carpio</a>**<br /><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Angara" title="Sonny Angara">Sonny Angara</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_National_Defense_(Philippines)" title="Department of National Defense (Philippines)">Secretary of National Defense</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jose_Faustino_Jr." title="Jose Faustino Jr.">Jose Faustino Jr.</a><b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Carlito_Galvez_Jr." title="Carlito Galvez Jr.">Carlito Galvez Jr.</a><b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Teodoro" title="Gilbert Teodoro">Gilbert Teodoro</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Energy_(Philippines)" title="Department of Energy (Philippines)">Secretary of Energy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Raphael_Lotilla" title="Raphael Lotilla">Raphael Lotilla</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Public_Works_and_Highways" title="Department of Public Works and Highways">Secretary of Public Works and Highways</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Bonoan" title="Manuel Bonoan">Manuel Bonoan</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Environment_and_Natural_Resources_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Environment and Natural Resources (Philippines)">Secretary of Environment and Natural Resources</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Toni_Yulo-Loyzaga" title="Toni Yulo-Loyzaga">Maria Antonia Loyzaga</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Science_and_Technology_(Philippines)" title="Department of Science and Technology (Philippines)">Secretary of Science and Technology</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Renato_Solidum_Jr." title="Renato Solidum Jr.">Renato Solidum Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Finance_(Philippines)" title="Department of Finance (Philippines)">Secretary of Finance</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Diokno" title="Benjamin Diokno">Benjamin Diokno</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Recto" title="Ralph Recto">Ralph Recto</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Social_Welfare_and_Development_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Social Welfare and Development (Philippines)">Secretary of Social Welfare and Development</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Tulfo" title="Erwin Tulfo">Erwin Tulfo</a><br />Eduardo Punay<b>*</b><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rex Gatchalian</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Foreign_Affairs_(Philippines)" title="Department of Foreign Affairs (Philippines)">Secretary of Foreign Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Enrique_Manalo" title="Enrique Manalo">Enrique Manalo</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Tourism_(Philippines)" title="Department of Tourism (Philippines)">Secretary of Tourism</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Christina_Frasco" title="Christina Frasco">Christina Garcia-Frasco</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Health_(Philippines)" title="Department of Health (Philippines)">Secretary of Health</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Maria_Rosario_Vergeire" title="Maria Rosario Vergeire">Maria Rosario Vergeire</a><b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Ted_Herbosa" title="Ted Herbosa">Ted Herbosa</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Trade_and_Industry_(Philippines)" title="Department of Trade and Industry (Philippines)">Secretary of Trade and Industry</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_E._Pascual" title="Alfredo E. Pascual">Alfredo Pascual</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cristina_Aldeguer-Roque" title="Cristina Aldeguer-Roque">Maria Cristina Aldeguer-Roque</a><b>*</b></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2024<br />2024–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Human_Settlements_and_Urban_Development" title="Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development">Secretary of Human Settlements and Urban Development</a></td><td style="width:8%"> Melissa Aradanas<b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Jose_Acuzar" title="Jose Acuzar">Jose Acuzar</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Transportation_(Philippines)" title="Department of Transportation (Philippines)">Secretary of Transportation</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Bautista" title="Jaime Bautista">Jaime Bautista</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Department_of_Information_and_Communications_Technology_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Department of Information and Communications Technology (Philippines)">Secretary of Information and Communications Technology</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_John_Uy" title="Ivan John Uy">Ivan John Uy</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Cabinet-level"><b><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines#Officials_with_Cabinet-level_rank" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">Cabinet-level</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:18%"> Office</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Name</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:8%"> Term</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">Vice President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte-Carpio</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Special_Assistant_to_the_President_(Philippines)" title="Special Assistant to the President (Philippines)">Special Assistant to the President</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Lagdameo_Jr." title="Antonio Lagdameo Jr.">Antonio Lagdameo Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Communications_Group_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Communications Group (Philippines)">Secretary of the Presidential Communications Office</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Trixie_Cruz-Angeles" title="Trixie Cruz-Angeles">Rose Beatrix Angeles</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cheloy_Garafil" title="Cheloy Garafil">Cheloy Garafil</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cesar_Chavez_(journalist)" title="Cesar Chavez (journalist)">Cesar Chavez</a><b>*</b></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–2024<br />2024–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/National_Security_Council_(Philippines)" title="National Security Council (Philippines)">National Security Adviser</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Clarita_Carlos" title="Clarita Carlos">Clarita Carlos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_A%C3%B1o" title="Eduardo Año">Eduardo Año</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/National_Economic_and_Development_Authority" title="National Economic and Development Authority">National Economic and Development Authority <br />&#8194; Secretary</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Arsenio_Balisacan" title="Arsenio Balisacan">Arsenio Balisacan</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Presidential_Adviser_on_the_Peace_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process">Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Carlito_Galvez_Jr." title="Carlito Galvez Jr.">Carlito Galvez Jr.</a><br />Isidro L. Purisima<b>*</b><br /><a href="/wiki/Carlito_Galvez_Jr." title="Carlito Galvez Jr.">Carlito Galvez Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023<br />2023<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> Chief Presidential Legal Counsel</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Juan_Ponce_Enrile" title="Juan Ponce Enrile">Juan Ponce Enrile</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Assistant for the Visayas</td><td style="width:8%"> Terence Calatrava</td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Solicitor_General" class="mw-redirect" title="Office of the Solicitor General">Solicitor General</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Menardo_Guevarra" title="Menardo Guevarra">Menardo Guevarra</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Legislative_Liaison_Office" title="Presidential Legislative Liaison Office">Presidential Adviser on Legislative Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> Irene Afortunado<br /><a href="/wiki/Mark_L._Mendoza" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark L. Mendoza">Mark Llandro Mendoza</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2022–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Chairman_of_the_Joint_Chiefs_(Philippines)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman of the Joint Chiefs (Philippines)">Chairman of the Joint Chiefs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Andres_Centino" title="Andres Centino">Andres Centino</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Bartolome_Vicente_Bacarro" title="Bartolome Vicente Bacarro">Bartolome Vicente Bacarro</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Andres_Centino" title="Andres Centino">Andres Centino</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Romeo_Brawner_Jr." title="Romeo Brawner Jr.">Romeo Brawner Jr.</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2021–2022<br />2022–2023<br />2023<br />2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Management_Staff" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Management Staff">Secretary of the Presidential Management Staff</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Zenaida_Angping" title="Zenaida Angping">Zenaida Angping</a><br />Elaine T. Masukat*</td><td style="width:8%"> 2022<br />2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Adviser on Creative Communications</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Paul_Soriano" title="Paul Soriano">Paul Soriano</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–2023</td><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Adviser for Poverty Alleviation</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gadon" title="Larry Gadon">Larry Gadon</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> <a href="/wiki/Special_Assistant_to_the_President_for_Investment_and_Economic_Affairs" title="Special Assistant to the President for Investment and Economic Affairs">Special Assistant to the President for Investment and Economic Affairs</a></td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Go" title="Frederick Go">Frederick Go</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2023–</td><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Assistant for Maritime Concerns</td><td style="width:8%"> <a href="/wiki/Andres_Centino" title="Andres Centino">Andres Centino</a></td><td style="width:8%"> 2023–</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:18%"> Presidential Adviser on Military and Police Affairs</td><td style="width:8%"> Roman A. Felix</td><td style="width:8%"> 2022–</td><td style="width:18%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td><td style="width:8%"></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Sara_Duterte&amp;#039;s_Office_of_the_Vice_President"><b><a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Office of the Vice President of the Philippines">Office of the Vice President</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table style="font-size:100%; width:100%; border-collapse:collapse;"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:50%"> Position</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold; text-align:center; border-left:2px #fafafa solid; border-right:2px #fafafa solid;;width:50%"> Appointee</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Chief of Staff to the Vice President</td><td style="width:50%"> <a href="/wiki/Zuleika_T._Lopez" title="Zuleika T. Lopez">Zuleika T. Lopez</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Assistant Secretary / Assistant Chief of Staff to the Vice President</td><td style="width:50%"> <a href="/wiki/Lemuel_G._Ortonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Lemuel G. Ortonio">Lemuel G. Ortonio</a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Director of the Administrative and Financial Services Office</td><td style="width:50%"> Rosalynne L. Sanchez</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Chief Accountant of the Accounting Division</td><td style="width:50%"> Julieta L. Villadelrey</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="width:50%"> Chief of the Legal Affairs Division</td><td style="width:50%"> Emily Rose Torrentira</td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b>*</b>as Officer-in-charge<br /><b>**</b>in Concurrent capacity</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7845fc798d‐zncxz Cached time: 20241229055330 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.039 seconds Real time usage: 1.262 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 14763/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 211216/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12979/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 160416/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.605/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 11778550/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1142.084 1 -total 29.52% 337.196 1 Template:Reflist 27.64% 315.726 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 20.18% 230.529 32 Template:Cite_web 13.49% 154.021 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 11.14% 127.255 4 Template:Navbox 9.63% 109.943 1 Template:Bongbong_Marcos_Cabinet 6.77% 77.300 2 Template:Succession_box 6.35% 72.483 22 Template:Main_other 5.97% 68.205 1 Template:Short_description --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22254526:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241229055332 and revision id 1265905934. 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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rex Gatchalian" }
Constempellina
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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Genus of flies</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><i>Constempellina</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(235,235,210)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="kingdom"><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="phylum"><a href="/wiki/Arthropod" title="Arthropod">Arthropoda</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="class"><a href="/wiki/Insect" title="Insect">Insecta</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="order"><a href="/wiki/Fly" title="Fly">Diptera</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Suborder: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="suborder"><a href="/wiki/Nematocera" title="Nematocera">Nematocera</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Infraorder: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="infraorder"><a href="/wiki/Culicomorpha" title="Culicomorpha">Culicomorpha</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Superfamily: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="superfamily"><a href="/wiki/Chironomoidea" title="Chironomoidea">Chironomoidea</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="family"><a href="/wiki/Chironomidae" title="Chironomidae">Chironomidae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="subfamily"><a href="/wiki/Chironominae" title="Chironominae">Chironominae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tribe: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="tribe"><a href="/wiki/Tanytarsini" title="Tanytarsini">Tanytarsini</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><b>Constempellina</b></i></div><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Brundin, 1947</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><i><b>Constempellina</b></i> is a genus of non-biting midges in the subfamily <a href="/wiki/Chironominae" title="Chironominae">Chironominae</a> of the bloodworm family <a href="/wiki/Chironomidae" title="Chironomidae">Chironomidae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constempellina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Constempellina&amp;action=edit">adding missing items</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2011</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constempellina_bita&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constempellina bita (page does not exist)">C. bita</a></i> <small>Pankratova, 1983</small></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constempellina_brevicosta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Constempellina brevicosta (page does not exist)">C. brevicosta</a></i> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Frederick_Wallace_Edwards" title="Frederick Wallace Edwards">Edwards</a>, 1937)</small></li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Constempellina&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZorina2013" class="citation journal cs1">Zorina, Oksana V. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26312283/">"A systematic review of the genus Constempellina Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from the Russian Far East, with description of a new species"</a>. <i>Zootaxa</i>. <b>3694</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">201–</span>212. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.11646%2Fzootaxa.3694.3.1">10.11646/zootaxa.3694.3.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1175-5326">1175-5326</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26312283">26312283</a>.</cite><span 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxon_identifiers" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Constempellina</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163945" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q5163945">Q5163945</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Constempellina" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Constempellina">Constempellina</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id117896">117896</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Barcode_of_Life_Data_System" title="Barcode of Life Data System">BOLD</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bench.boldsystems.org/index.php/TaxBrowser_TaxonPage?taxid=56741">56741</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3THJ">3THJ</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/78996">78996</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eu-nomen.eu/portal/taxon.php?GUID=urn:lsid:faunaeur.org:taxname:407569">407569</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fauna_Europaea" title="Fauna Europaea">Fauna Europaea (new)</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/e06ae5af-3f70-4d0f-a4c2-952983ce85e2">e06ae5af-3f70-4d0f-a4c2-952983ce85e2</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/1447584">1447584</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=1026525">1026525</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&amp;search_value=129884">129884</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=2578666">2578666</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Open_Tree_of_Life" title="Open Tree of Life">Open Tree of Life</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tree.opentreeoflife.org/taxonomy/browse?id=4475260">4475260</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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Ignacio Santiago Sr.
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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Filipino_name" title="Filipino name">Philippine name</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Middle_name" title="Middle name">middle name</a> or maternal &#32;<a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">family name</a> is <i>Serapio</i>&#32;and the surname or paternal family name is <i>Santiago</i>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Ignacio Santiago</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bulacan" title="Governor of Bulacan">Governor of Bulacan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1968&#160;–&#32;March 23, 1986</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jose Villarama</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Amado Pineda</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">21st <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Valenzuela" title="Mayor of Valenzuela">Mayor of Valenzuela, Bulacan</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1964&#160;–&#32;December 30, 1967</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Faustino Lazaro</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Geronimo S. Angeles</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />January 1, 1956&#160;–&#32;December 30, 1959</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Avelino Deato</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Florentino Deato</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1929-08-31</span>)</span>August 31, 1929<br /><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Polo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Insular_Government_of_the_Philippine_Islands" title="Insular Government of the Philippine Islands">Philippine Islands</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">December 2, 2015<span style="display:none">(2015-12-02)</span> (aged&#160;86)<br /><a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Valenzuela, Philippines</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label">Polo Catholic Cemetery</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lakas%E2%80%93CMD_(1991)" title="Lakas–CMD (1991)">Lakas–CMD</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other political<br />affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nacionalista_Party" title="Nacionalista Party">Nacionalista</a> (1956-1986)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ignacio Serapio Santiago Sr.</b> (August 31, 1929 – December 2, 2015) was the governor of Bulacan from 1968 to 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He previously served as the mayor of <a href="/wiki/Valenzuela,_Metro_Manila" title="Valenzuela, Metro Manila">Polo</a> from 1956 until 1959, and again from 1964 to 1967, after the town was renamed to Valenzuela. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ignacio_Santiago_Sr.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120402140929/http://www.bulacan.gov.ph/generalinfo/governor.php?id=23">"Ignacio Santiago (1968–1986)"</a>. Bulacan government. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bulacan.gov.ph/generalinfo/governor.php?id=23">the original</a> on 2 April 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ignacio+Santiago+%281968%E2%80%931986%29&amp;rft.pub=Bulacan+government&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bulacan.gov.ph%2Fgeneralinfo%2Fgovernor.php%3Fid%3D23&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnacio+Santiago+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.valenzuela.gov.ph/article/news/10681">"Old city hall symbol of Ignacio Santiago's integrity"</a>. <i>Government of Valenzuela</i>. 11 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Government+of+Valenzuela&amp;rft.atitle=Old+city+hall+symbol+of+Ignacio+Santiago%E2%80%99s+integrity&amp;rft.date=2015-12-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.valenzuela.gov.ph%2Farticle%2Fnews%2F10681&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIgnacio+Santiago+Sr." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Jose Villarama</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Bulacan" title="Governor of Bulacan">Governor of Bulacan</a> </b><br />1968–1986 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Amado Pineda<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">Interim</span></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Faustino Lazaro</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Valenzuela" title="Mayor of Valenzuela">Mayor of Valenzuela, Bulacan</a> </b><br />1964–1967 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Geronimo S. Angeles</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Avelino Deato</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Mayor of Polo, Bulacan </b><br />1956–1959 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Florentino Deato</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.canary‐bf88b488c‐djvj6 Cached time: 20241228174859 Cache expiry: 281476 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.471 seconds Real time usage: 0.598 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 10394/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 27350/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5611/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 18/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 16752/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.231/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6362782/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 577.245 1 -total 51.31% 296.164 1 Template:Infobox_politician 20.53% 118.491 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 18.11% 104.536 1 Template:Reflist 15.69% 90.575 2 Template:Cite_web 13.46% 77.677 1 Template:Short_description 10.45% 60.345 13 Template:Main_other 8.65% 49.927 1 Template:Birth_date 7.64% 44.094 2 Template:Pagetype 6.04% 34.884 1 Template:Country2nationality --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22254588:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228174859 and revision id 1243465255. 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src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Ashted" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Ashted" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Ashted" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Ashted" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ashted</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashted" title="Ashted – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ashted" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4805960#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ashted" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ashted" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ashted"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ashted"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ashted" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ashted" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;oldid=1223758959" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&amp;page=Ashted&amp;id=1223758959&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAshted"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAshted"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Ashted&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4805960" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ashted&amp;params=52.485955_N_1.8803_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°29′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°52′49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.485955°N 1.88030°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">52.485955; -1.88030</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the area of Birmingham. For the village in Surrey, see <a href="/wiki/Ashtead" title="Ashtead">Ashtead</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Ashted</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:StJamestheLessAshted.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/83/StJamestheLessAshted.jpg/240px-StJamestheLessAshted.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/83/StJamestheLessAshted.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="176" /></a></span><div>The Church of St James the Less, as depicted in Beilby, Knott &amp; Beilby's <i>An Historical and Descriptive Sketch of Birmingham</i> (1830)</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ashted is located in West Midlands county"><img alt="Ashted is located in West Midlands county" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/240px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/360px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg/480px-West_Midlands_UK_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="974" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:55.441%;left:41.427%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Ashted"><img alt="Ashted" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Ashted</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within the <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS&#160;grid&#160;reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&amp;v=2&amp;cp=52.485360~-1.880676&amp;lvl=13&amp;sp=Point.52.485360_-1.880676_Ashted&amp;sty=s&amp;style=s">SP082875</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan&#160;borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">City of Birmingham</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan&#160;county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(county)" title="West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_(region)" title="West Midlands (region)">West Midlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign&#160;state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">BIRMINGHAM</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode&#160;district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/B_postcode_area" title="B postcode area">B4, B7</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling&#160;code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0121</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Police" title="West Midlands Police">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Fire_Service" title="West Midlands Fire Service">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="West Midlands Ambulance Service">West Midlands</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_West_Midlands_(county)" title="List of places in West Midlands (county)">West Midlands</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Ashted&amp;params=52.485955_N_1.8803_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°29′09″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°52′49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.485955°N 1.88030°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">52.485955; -1.88030</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ashted</b> (alternatively spelt <i><b>Ashstead</b></i> and <i><b>Ashtead</b></i><sup id="cite_ref-allthingsashtead_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allthingsashtead-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>) is an area of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, within the <a href="/wiki/Ward_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ward (country subdivision)">ward</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nechells" title="Nechells">Nechells</a>. The area is located approximately 0.75 miles (1.21&#160;km) north-east of Birmingham City Centre near to the city's <a href="/wiki/Eastside,_Birmingham" title="Eastside, Birmingham">Eastside</a> district, and forms the western extremity of <a href="/wiki/Duddeston" title="Duddeston">Duddeston</a>. It is within the boundaries of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nechells_Green&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nechells Green (page does not exist)">Nechells Green</a>, and provides mainly <a href="/wiki/Housing_estate" title="Housing estate">estate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">high-rise</a> residences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The settlement takes its name from the <a href="/wiki/Physician" title="Physician">physician</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Ash_(physician)" title="John Ash (physician)">John Ash</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-dargue_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dargue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> who leased the property from Sir Lester Holte and in 1771 built a grand house surrounded by fields, gardens and orchards. He never occupied the house,<sup id="cite_ref-dargue_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dargue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> selling the lease to <a href="/wiki/John_Brooke_(1755-1802)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Brooke (1755-1802)">John Brooke</a>, a Birmingham attorney. Brooke laid out streets and divided the property into parcels with the intention of bringing wealth to the area; many affluent entrepreneurs were living in Birmingham during the Industrial Revolution. In 1791, after Brooke added a cupola, Dr. Ash's house was opened as the church of <a href="/wiki/St_James_the_Less%27_Church,_Ashted" title="St James the Less&#39; Church, Ashted">St James the Less</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-genuk_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-genuk-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Ashted Barracks were erected next to the church in 1791 following the <a href="/wiki/Priestley_Riots" title="Priestley Riots">Priestley Riots</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BHO_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1809, the church passed into a trust and was <a href="/wiki/Consecrated" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecrated">consecrated</a> in 1810. </p><p>Thirty-eight years later, in 1848, <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Lewis_(publisher)" title="Samuel Lewis (publisher)">Samuel Lewis</a>'s <i>Topographical Dictionary of England</i> counted the population as approximately 25,000, and stated that the settlement's proximity to the city centre gave huge advantage to trade and industry.<sup id="cite_ref-BHO_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BHO-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Towards the end of the 19th century, the status of the area dropped and it became a high-density <a href="/wiki/Working_class" title="Working class">working class</a> area, with many <a href="/wiki/Slums" class="mw-redirect" title="Slums">slums</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dargue_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dargue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The church was demolished in 1956, having sustained heavy bombing during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-dargue_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dargue-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/A47_road" title="A47 road">A47</a> and Jennens Road meet <a href="/wiki/The_Middleway" title="The Middleway">The Middleway</a> at Ashted. The traffic light controlled junction was laid out in 2018–19 following infilling of the Ashted Circus roundabout and its pedestrian subways.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Circus" class="mw-redirect" title="Dartmouth Circus">Dartmouth Circus</a> is to the north via Dartmouth Middleway; and Garrison Circus to the south via Lawley Middleway. </p><p>Ashted Tunnel on the <a href="/wiki/Digbeth_Branch_Canal" title="Digbeth Branch Canal">Digbeth Branch Canal</a> provides water transport under the <a href="/wiki/A47_Jennens_Road" class="mw-redirect" title="A47 Jennens Road">A47 Jennens Road</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ashted&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-allthingsashtead-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-allthingsashtead_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCarter" class="citation web cs1">Carter, Andy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ashtead.org/ashtead/ashted.htm">"Ashted"</a>. <i>All Things Ashtead</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=All+Things+Ashtead&amp;rft.atitle=Ashted&amp;rft.aulast=Carter&amp;rft.aufirst=Andy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ashtead.org%2Fashtead%2Fashted.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAshted" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dargue-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dargue_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dargue_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dargue_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dargue_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDargue" class="citation web cs1">Dargue, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://billdargue.jimdo.com/placenames-gazetteer-a-to-y/places-a/ashted/">"Ashted"</a>. <i>A History of Birmingham Places &amp; Placenames</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=A+History+of+Birmingham+Places+%26+Placenames&amp;rft.atitle=Ashted&amp;rft.aulast=Dargue&amp;rft.aufirst=William&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbilldargue.jimdo.com%2Fplacenames-gazetteer-a-to-y%2Fplaces-a%2Fashted%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAshted" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-genuk-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-genuk_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruff" class="citation web cs1">Bruff, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000925084750/http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/WAR/deloyd/brough.html">"Churches/Parishes/Districts - Birmingham"</a>. <i>Cornish's Strangers' Guide to Birmingham</i>. GenUK. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/WAR/deloyd/brough.html">the original</a> on 25 September 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Cornish%27s+Strangers%27+Guide+to+Birmingham&amp;rft.atitle=Churches%2FParishes%2FDistricts+-+Birmingham&amp;rft.aulast=Bruff&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuki.org.uk%2Fbig%2Feng%2FWAR%2Fdeloyd%2Fbrough.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAshted" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BHO-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BHO_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BHO_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis1848" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Samuel (1848). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=50764">"Ashted"</a>. <i>A Topographical Dictionary of England</i>. British History Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=A+Topographical+Dictionary+of+England&amp;rft.atitle=Ashted&amp;rft.date=1848&amp;rft.aulast=Lewis&amp;rft.aufirst=Samuel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-history.ac.uk%2Freport.aspx%3Fcompid%3D50764&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAshted" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.birmingham.gov.uk/news/article/381/ashted_circus_improvement_scheme_completed">"Ashted Circus improvement scheme completed"</a>. <i>www.birmingham.gov.uk</i>. 6 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.birmingham.gov.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Ashted+Circus+improvement+scheme+completed&amp;rft.date=2019-03-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.birmingham.gov.uk%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F381%2Fashted_circus_improvement_scheme_completed&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAshted" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2018" class="citation web cs1">Young, Graham (15 April 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.business-live.co.uk/economic-development/death-subway-famous-underground-tunnels-14516847">"Death of a subway: Famous underground tunnels bite the dust"</a>. <i>Birmingham Live</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Birmingham+Live&amp;rft.atitle=Death+of+a+subway%3A+Famous+underground+tunnels+bite+the+dust&amp;rft.date=2018-04-15&amp;rft.aulast=Young&amp;rft.aufirst=Graham&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.business-live.co.uk%2Feconomic-development%2Fdeath-subway-famous-underground-tunnels-14516847&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAshted" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Banner_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Birmingham_%281976%E2%80%93%29.svg/50px-Banner_of_arms_of_the_City_of_Birmingham_%281976%E2%80%93%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> Areas of <span class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Suburbs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acocks_Green" title="Acocks Green">Acocks Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alum_Rock,_Birmingham" title="Alum Rock, Birmingham">Alum Rock</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ashted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aston" title="Aston">Aston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austin_Village" title="Austin Village">Austin Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsall_Heath" title="Balsall Heath">Balsall Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartley_Green" title="Bartley Green">Bartley Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beech_Lanes" title="Beech Lanes">Beech Lanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billesley,_West_Midlands" title="Billesley, West Midlands">Billesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birches_Green" title="Birches Green">Birches Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birchfield,_Birmingham" title="Birchfield, Birmingham">Birchfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bickenhill" title="Bickenhill">Bickenhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birmingham_City_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Birmingham City Centre">Birmingham City Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordesley,_Birmingham" title="Bordesley, Birmingham">Bordesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bordesley_Green" title="Bordesley Green">Bordesley Green</a></li> <li>Bordesley Green East</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournbrook" title="Bournbrook">Bournbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bournville" title="Bournville">Bournville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brandwood_End" title="Brandwood End">Brandwood End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bromford" title="Bromford">Bromford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buckland_End" title="Buckland End">Buckland End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California,_Birmingham" title="California, Birmingham">California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camp_Hill,_Birmingham" title="Camp Hill, Birmingham">Camp Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castle_Vale" title="Castle Vale">Castle Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chad_Valley,_Birmingham" title="Chad Valley, Birmingham">Chad Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofton_Common" title="Cofton Common">Cofton Common</a></li> <li>Colehall</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotteridge" title="Cotteridge">Cotteridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deritend" title="Deritend">Deritend</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digbeth" title="Digbeth">Digbeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Druids_Heath" title="Druids Heath">Druids Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duddeston" title="Duddeston">Duddeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edgbaston" title="Edgbaston">Edgbaston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erdington" title="Erdington">Erdington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Lodge" title="Falcon Lodge">Falcon Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Hollies" title="Fox Hollies">Fox Hollies</a></li> <li>Garretts Green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbertstone" title="Gilbertstone">Gilbertstone</a></li> <li>Glebe Farm</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosta_Green" title="Gosta Green">Gosta Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravelly_Hill" title="Gravelly Hill">Gravelly Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Barr" title="Great Barr">Great Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greet,_Birmingham" title="Greet, Birmingham">Greet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Green" title="Hall Green">Hall Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamstead,_West_Midlands" title="Hamstead, West Midlands">Hamstead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handsworth,_West_Midlands" title="Handsworth, West Midlands">Handsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handsworth_Wood" title="Handsworth Wood">Handsworth Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harborne" title="Harborne">Harborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawkesley" title="Hawkesley">Hawkesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hay_Mills" title="Hay Mills">Hay Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazelwell" title="Hazelwell">Hazelwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highgate,_Birmingham" title="Highgate, Birmingham">Highgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highter%27s_Heath" title="Highter&#39;s Heath">Highter's Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hockley,_West_Midlands" title="Hockley, West Midlands">Hockley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hodge_Hill" title="Hodge Hill">Hodge Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewellery_Quarter" title="Jewellery Quarter">Jewellery Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Heath" title="Kings Heath">Kings Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Norton" title="Kings Norton">Kings Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingstanding" title="Kingstanding">Kingstanding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitts_Green" title="Kitts Green">Kitts Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladywood" title="Ladywood">Ladywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lea_Hall" title="Lea Hall">Lea Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Bromwich" title="Little Bromwich">Little Bromwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longbridge" title="Longbridge">Longbridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lozells" title="Lozells">Lozells</a></li> <li>Lyndon Green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minworth" title="Minworth">Minworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moor_Pool" title="Moor Pool">Moor Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moseley" title="Moseley">Moseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nechells" title="Nechells">Nechells</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Frankley" title="New Frankley">New Frankley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Oscott" title="New Oscott">New Oscott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northfield,_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Northfield, West Midlands">Northfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Oscott" title="Old Oscott">Oscott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Barr" title="Perry Barr">Perry Barr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pype_Hayes" title="Pype Hayes">Pype Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quinton,_Birmingham" title="Quinton, Birmingham">Quinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rednal" title="Rednal">Rednal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotton_Park" title="Rotton Park">Rotton Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roughley" title="Roughley">Roughley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubery" title="Rubery">Rubery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saltley" title="Saltley">Saltley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Oak" title="Selly Oak">Selly Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selly_Park" title="Selly Park">Selly Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shard_End" title="Shard End">Shard End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon,_West_Midlands" title="Sheldon, West Midlands">Sheldon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_Heath" title="Small Heath">Small Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithfield,_Birmingham" title="Smithfield, Birmingham">Smithfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Yardley" title="South Yardley">South Yardley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkbrook" title="Sparkbrook">Sparkbrook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sparkhill" title="Sparkhill">Sparkhill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stechford" title="Stechford">Stechford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stirchley,_West_Midlands" class="mw-redirect" title="Stirchley, West Midlands">Stirchley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acocks_Green" title="Acocks Green">Stockfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summerfield,_Birmingham" title="Summerfield, Birmingham">Summerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Coldfield" title="Sutton Coldfield">Sutton Coldfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tile_Cross" title="Tile Cross">Tile Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turves_Green" title="Turves Green">Turves Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyburn,_West_Midlands" title="Tyburn, West Midlands">Tyburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyseley" title="Tyseley">Tyseley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker%27s_Heath" title="Walker&#39;s Heath">Walker's Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walmley" title="Walmley">Walmley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ward_End" title="Ward End">Ward End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warstock" title="Warstock">Warstock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washwood_Heath" title="Washwood Heath">Washwood Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weoley_Castle" title="Weoley Castle">Weoley Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Heath,_West_Midlands" title="West Heath, West Midlands">West Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winson_Green" title="Winson Green">Winson Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witton,_Birmingham" title="Witton, Birmingham">Witton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodgate,_Birmingham" title="Woodgate, Birmingham">Woodgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardley,_Birmingham" title="Yardley, Birmingham">Yardley</a></li> <li>Yardley Fields</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yardley_Wood" title="Yardley Wood">Yardley Wood</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/City_of_Birmingham" title="City of Birmingham"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/WMids-Birmingham.png/150px-WMids-Birmingham.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/69/WMids-Birmingham.png 1.5x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="134" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wards_of_Birmingham,_West_Midlands" title="Category:Wards of Birmingham, West Midlands">Wards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Parliamentary_constituencies_in_the_West_Midlands_(region)" title="Category:Parliamentary constituencies in the West Midlands (region)">Constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Birmingham" title="Government of Birmingham">Governance</a></li></ul> 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Saint-Benoît-Labre
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Saint-Benoît-Labre - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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Available in 9 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-9" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">9 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Saint-Benoît-Labre" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_(Quebec)" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre (Quebec) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saint-Benoît-Labre (Quebec)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88%D9%88%D8%A7-%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="سن-بنووا-لابر، کبک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سن-بنووا-لابر، کبک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Saint-Benoît-Labre" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Saint-Benoît-Labre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_(Quebec)" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre (Quebec) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Saint-Benoît-Labre (Quebec)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Saint-Benoît-Labre" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Saint-Benoît-Labre" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9-%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%88%D9%B9-%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%8C_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%88%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="سینٹ-بنوٹ-لبری، کیوبک – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="سینٹ-بنوٹ-لبری، کیوبک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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class="latitude">46°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">70°48′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.067°N 70.800°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.067; -70.800</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" class="extiw" title="fr:Saint-Benoît-Labre">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>. &#32;<i><small>(December 2018)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&amp;u=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSaint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre&amp;sl=fr&amp;tl=en&amp;prev=_t&amp;hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the French article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Saint-Benoît-Labre]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Saint-Benoît-Labre}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" title="Talk:Saint-Benoît-Labre">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Municipality in Quebec, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox 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.ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Saint-Benoît-Labre</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Municipality_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipality (Quebec)">Municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chemin_vers_Saint_Georges_de_Beauce_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chemin_vers_Saint_Georges_de_Beauce_-_panoramio.jpg/250px-Chemin_vers_Saint_Georges_de_Beauce_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chemin_vers_Saint_Georges_de_Beauce_-_panoramio.jpg/375px-Chemin_vers_Saint_Georges_de_Beauce_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Chemin_vers_Saint_Georges_de_Beauce_-_panoramio.jpg/500px-Chemin_vers_Saint_Georges_de_Beauce_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4212" data-file-height="2331" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_Quebec_location_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM."><img alt="Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_Quebec_location_diagram.png/250px-Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_Quebec_location_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_Quebec_location_diagram.png/375px-Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_Quebec_location_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_Quebec_location_diagram.png/500px-Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre_Quebec_location_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="840" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre is located in Southern Quebec"><img alt="Saint-Benoît-Labre is located in Southern Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/250px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/375px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/500px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:63.921%;left:77.661%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint-Benoît-Labre"><img alt="Saint-Benoît-Labre" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Saint-Benoît-Labre</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in southern Quebec.</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre&amp;params=46_04_N_70_48_W_region:CA-QC_type:city(1612)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°04′N</span> <span class="longitude">70°48′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.067°N 70.800°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.067; -70.800</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-toponymie_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Region_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Region (Quebec)">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">RCM</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituted</th><td class="infobox-data">January 4, 1894</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mamrot_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mamrot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Marco Marois</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_electoral_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian federal electoral districts">Federal riding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Quebec provincial electoral districts">Prov. riding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sud" title="Beauce-Sud">Beauce-Sud</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mamrot_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mamrot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cp2011_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">86.90&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (33.55&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Land</th><td class="infobox-data">84.99&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (32.81&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(2011)<sup id="cite_ref-cp2011_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp2011-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,612</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td class="infobox-data">19.0/km<sup>2</sup> (49/sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Pop&#160;<small>2006-2011</small><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.1%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Dwellings<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">735</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian postal code">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/List_of_G_postal_codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of G postal codes of Canada">G0M 1P0</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_418_and_581" class="mw-redirect" title="Area codes 418 and 581">418 and 581</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highways</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Qc271.svg/24px-Qc271.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Qc271.svg/36px-Qc271.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Qc271.svg/48px-Qc271.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="602" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_271" title="Quebec Route 271">R-271</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintbenoitlabre.qc.ca">www.saint<br />benoitlabre.qc.ca</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saint-Benoît-Labre</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">&#91;sɛ̃<span class="wrap"> </span>bənwa<span class="wrap"> </span>labʁ&#93;</a></span>) is a municipality in the <a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Municipalité régionale de comté de Beauce-Sartigan</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. It is part of the <a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a> region and the population is 1,630 as of 2009. It is named after <a href="/wiki/Benedict_Joseph_Labre" title="Benedict Joseph Labre">Benedict Joseph Labre</a>. </p><p>In 2001 a group of <a href="/wiki/Cistercians" title="Cistercians">Cistercian</a> nuns moved from <a href="/wiki/Saint-Romuald,_Quebec" title="Saint-Romuald, Quebec">Saint-Romuald</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a> to a newly constructed Bon Conseil Abbey (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">Notre-Dame du Bon Conseil</i>) in Saint-Benoît-Labre, where they make chocolate.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The territory of Saint-Benoît-Labre surrounds the village of <a href="/wiki/Lac-Poulin,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac-Poulin, Quebec">Lac-Poulin</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-toponymie-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toponymie_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=285906">"<i>Banque de noms de lieux du Québec</i>: Reference number 285906"</a>. <i>toponymie.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Commission_de_toponymie_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Commission de toponymie du Québec">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=toponymie.gouv.qc.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Banque+de+noms+de+lieux+du+Qu%C3%A9bec%3A+Reference+number+285906&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2Ffiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D285906&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mamrot-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mamrot_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mamrot_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/repertoire-municipalites?field=municipalite&amp;municipalite=29100">"<i>Répertoire des municipalités</i>: Geographic code 29100"</a>. <i>www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca&amp;rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+des+municipalit%C3%A9s%3A+Geographic+code+29100&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quebec.ca%2Fgouvernement%2Fportrait-quebec%2Frepertoire-municipalites%3Ffield%3Dmunicipalite%26municipalite%3D29100&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cp2011-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cp2011_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cp2011_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;GENDERlist=1,2,3&amp;STATISTIClist=1&amp;DGUIDlist=2021A00052429100">"Saint-Benoît-Labre (Code 2429100) Census Profile"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/2011_Canadian_census" title="2011 Canadian census">2011 census</a></i>. Government of Canada - <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=2011+census&amp;rft.atitle=Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre+%28Code+2429100%29+Census+Profile&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26GENDERlist%3D1%2C2%2C3%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00052429100&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSœur_Louise_Picard2011" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Sœur Louise Picard (22 February 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipir.ulaval.ca/fiche.php?id=786">"Les Cisterciennes de l'abbaye Notre-Dame du Bon Conseil"</a>. <i>Le patrimoine immatériel religieux du Québec</i> (in French). University of Laval.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Le+patrimoine+immat%C3%A9riel+religieux+du+Qu%C3%A9bec&amp;rft.atitle=Les+Cisterciennes+de+l%27abbaye+Notre-Dame+du+Bon+Conseil&amp;rft.date=2011-02-22&amp;rft.au=S%C5%93ur+Louise+Picard&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipir.ulaval.ca%2Ffiche.php%3Fid%3D786&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" class="Z3988"></span> </span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415073751/http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/CT/topos/topos.html">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mamrot.gouv.qc.ca/">Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Victor,_Quebec" title="Saint-Victor, Quebec">Saint-Victor</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Alfred,_Quebec" title="Saint-Alfred, Quebec">Saint-Alfred</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beauceville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Beauceville, Quebec">Beauceville</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89phrem-de-Beauce,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce, Quebec">Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Saint-Benoît-Labre (surrounds <a href="/wiki/Lac-Poulin,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Lac-Poulin, Quebec">Lac-Poulin</a>)</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec" title="Saint-Georges, Quebec">Saint-Georges</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Honor%C3%A9-de-Shenley" title="Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley">Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley</a></td> <td></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Quebec&amp;#124;link=Quebec_Subdivisions_of_Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM" title="Template:Beauce-Sartigan RCM"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM" title="Template talk:Beauce-Sartigan RCM"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beauce-Sartigan RCM"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="22px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Quebec&amp;#124;link=Quebec_Subdivisions_of_Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec"><img alt="Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/22px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/33px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/44px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span>&#160;Subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities &amp; Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec" title="Saint-Georges, Quebec">Saint-Georges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles%E2%80%93Saint-%C3%89variste" title="Courcelles–Saint-Évariste">Courcelles–Saint-Évariste</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint-Benoît-Labre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-C%C3%B4me%E2%80%93Lini%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Côme–Linière">Saint-Côme–Linière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89phrem-de-Beauce" title="Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce">Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-G%C3%A9d%C3%A9on-de-Beauce" title="Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce">Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Honor%C3%A9-de-Shenley" title="Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley">Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philibert,_Quebec" title="Saint-Philibert, Quebec">Saint-Philibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simon-les-Mines" title="Saint-Simon-les-Mines">Saint-Simon-les-Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Th%C3%A9ophile" title="Saint-Théophile">Saint-Théophile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset">Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin,_Quebec" title="Saint-Martin, Quebec">Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ren%C3%A9,_Quebec" title="Saint-René, Quebec">Saint-René</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lac-Poulin" title="Lac-Poulin">Lac-Poulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Guadeloupe" title="La Guadeloupe">La Guadeloupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Regional County Municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a>:</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Beauce-Centre_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Centre Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellechasse_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Bellechasse Regional County Municipality">Bellechasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Nouvelle-Beauce_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality">La Nouvelle-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Appalaches_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality">Les Appalaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Etchemins_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality">Les Etchemins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Islet_Regional_County_Municipality" title="L&#39;Islet Regional County Municipality">L'Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotbini%C3%A8re_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Lotbinière Regional County Municipality">Lotbinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmagny_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Montmagny Regional County Municipality">Montmagny</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Independent Cities:</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis" title="Lévis">Lévis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div 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Al Akhdar
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href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al_Akhdar" title="Al Akhdar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Al Akhdar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Ahdar" title="Al-Ahdar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Al-Ahdar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4703460#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Al_Akhdar&amp;params=23_13_N_56_28_E_region:OM_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">56°28′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.217°N 56.467°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.217; 56.467</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the football club, see <a href="/wiki/Alakhdhar_S.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Alakhdhar S.C.">Alakhdhar S.C.</a></div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village in Ad Dhahirah Region, Oman</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Al Akhdar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Village</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Oman_adm_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Al Akhdar is located in Oman"><img alt="Al Akhdar is located in Oman" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Oman_adm_location_map.svg/250px-Oman_adm_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Oman_adm_location_map.svg/375px-Oman_adm_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Oman_adm_location_map.svg/500px-Oman_adm_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1276" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:33.495%;left:56.229%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Al Akhdar"><img alt="Al Akhdar" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Al Akhdar</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Oman</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Al_Akhdar&amp;params=23_13_N_56_28_E_region:OM_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°13′N</span> <span class="longitude">56°28′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.217°N 56.467°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.217; 56.467</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Flag_of_Oman.svg/46px-Flag_of_Oman.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_Oman" class="mw-redirect" title="Regions of Oman">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ad_Dhahirah_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad Dhahirah Region">Ad Dhahirah Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B4" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+4">UTC+4</a> (Oman Standard Time)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Al Akhdar</b> is a village in <a href="/wiki/Ad_Dhahirah_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Ad Dhahirah Region">Ad Dhahirah Region</a>, in northeastern <a href="/wiki/Oman" title="Oman">Oman</a>. It lies just to the northwest of the regional capital of <a href="/wiki/Ibri" title="Ibri">Ibri</a> along Highway 21. The village contains a post office and has been assigned the postcode 516.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Al_Akhdar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509141335/http://oman-companies.com/Ibri-Hospital">"Ibri Hospital Oman"</a>. Oman Companies. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oman-companies.com/Ibri-Hospital">the original</a> on 9 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ibri+Hospital+Oman&amp;rft.pub=Oman+Companies&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oman-companies.com%2FIbri-Hospital&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAl+Akhdar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al Akhdar" }
Dick Mesak
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searchaux" style="display:none">American football player (1920–2009)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 25em; line-height: 1.2em;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="line-height: initial;">Dick Mesak</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Born:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1920-03-01</span>)</span>March 1, 1920<br /><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Died:</th><td class="infobox-data">October 8, 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-10-08)</span> (aged&#160;89)<br /><a href="/wiki/Redwood_City,_California" title="Redwood City, California">Redwood City, California</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Height:</th><td class="infobox-data">6&#160;ft 2&#160;in (1.88&#160;m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Weight:</th><td class="infobox-data">225&#160;lb (102&#160;kg)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">Career information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">High school:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_College_High_School" title="Saint Mary&#39;s College High School">Saint Mary's College</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Berkeley,_California" title="Berkeley, California">Berkeley, California</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">College:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Mary%27s_Gaels_football" title="Saint Mary&#39;s Gaels football">Saint Mary's (CA)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Position:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Offensive_tackle" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive tackle">Tackle</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">Career history <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lions" title="Detroit Lions">Detroit Lions</a> (1945)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">Career NFL statistics</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;">Games played:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:3px;">6</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width:50%;">Games <a href="/wiki/Starting_lineup" title="Starting lineup">started</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="padding-left:3px;">1</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard Henry Mesak</b> (March 1, 1920&#160;&#8211;&#32;October 8, 2009) was an <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <a href="/wiki/Offensive_tackle" class="mw-redirect" title="Offensive tackle">offensive tackle</a> in the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">National Football League</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Mesak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/M/MesaDi20.htm">"Dick Mesak Stats"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Pro-Football-Reference.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Pro-Football-Reference.com">Pro-Football-Reference.com</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Pro-Football-Reference.com&amp;rft.atitle=Dick+Mesak+Stats&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pro-football-reference.com%2Fplayers%2FM%2FMesaDi20.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADick+Mesak" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dick_Mesak&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/insidebayarea/obituary.aspx?n=richard-henry-mesak-dick&amp;pid=135110323">Funeral Notice</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Football_Template.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Football_Template.svg/32px-Football_Template.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="32" class="mw-file-element" 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Business Intelligence Competency Center
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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_soapbox_or_means_of_promotion" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">promotional content</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Business_Intelligence_Competency_Center&amp;action=edit">improve it</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Spam" title="Wikipedia:Spam">promotional language</a> and inappropriate <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links#Advertising_and_conflicts_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a>, and by adding encyclopedic text written from a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A <b>Business Intelligence Competency Center</b> (BICC) is a cross-functional organizational team with defined tasks, roles, responsibilities and processes for supporting and promoting the effective use of <a href="/wiki/Business_intelligence" title="Business intelligence">business intelligence</a> (BI) across an organization.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2001, the BICC concept has been refined through practical implementations in organizations that have implemented BI and related analytical software. </p><p>In practice, the term "BICC" is not well integrated into business or public sector organizations and there are large variations in the organizational design for BICCs. Nevertheless, the popularity of the BICC concept has resulted in the creation of units within organizations that focus on the use of BI software for decision-making, thereby increasing that organizations <a href="/wiki/Return_on_investment" title="Return on investment">return on investment</a> (ROI) of BI.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A BICC coordinates the activities and resources to ensure that a fact-based approach to decision making is systematically implemented throughout an organization. It has responsibility for the governance structure for BI and the use of analytical programs, projects, practices, software, and architecture. The BICC is responsible for building the plans, priorities, infrastructure, and competencies that the organization needs to take forward-looking strategic decisions by using the BI and analytical software capabilities. </p><p>A BICC’s influence works within a typical business unit, playing a central role in the organisational change and strategic process decision of that unit. Accordingly, the BICC’s overarching purpose will aim to empower an entire organization to coordinate BI from all units. It will similarly ensure that information and best practices are communicated and shared through the entire organization for overall benefit from successes and lessons learned."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The BICC can also play an important organizational role, facilitating interaction among various cultures and units within the organization. Knowledge transfer, enhancement of analytic skills, coaching and training are central to the mandate of the BICC. A BICC should be pivotal in ensuring a high degree of information consumption and a ROI for BI. </p><p><b>Business Intelligence Competency Centers in U.S. Healthcare</b> </p><p>Next to the U.S. government, the American <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_industry" title="Healthcare industry">healthcare industry</a> generates the second largest amount of information every year. However, despite having complex information management needs, a KLAS report revealed that one-third of healthcare organizations do not have the appropriate business intelligence tools.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many finance and energy industry companies have successfully implemented BICCs; these centers have produced financial returns on investment and accelerated decision-making speed. With these as examples, the healthcare industry has begun the use of BICCs.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This is not without it challenges - creating a business intelligence competency center in healthcare involves prioritizing information needs, creating data governance structures, identifying data stewards to provide data quality assurance, establishing ongoing education programs, and defining predictive modeling, analytics, data warehouse, and cloud storage tools.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Skills Needed</b> </p><p>Information technology specialists in structured query language (SQL) design, operation of relational databases, programming, reporting software, and analytics can provide the necessary technical information management skills for successful implementation of BICCs. Data stewards, such as data analysts and scientists, are also needed - they understand the creation, capture, storage, and access processes needed to ensure high quality data for the BICC to work optimally.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analytics_Competency_Center_(ACC)"><span id="Analytics_Competency_Center_.28ACC.29"></span>Analytics Competency Center (ACC)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Business_Intelligence_Competency_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Analytics Competency Center (ACC)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In recent years knowledge-oriented shared service centers have emerged in many organizations. Their primary focus has been the offering of analytics and data mining as an internal service across the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These centres are often referred to as Analytics Competency Center (ACC), or Analytics Center of Excellence; Analytics Service Center; Big Data CoC; or Big Data Lab. </p><p>By the end of 2017 it is observed that approximately 25% of all large firms have a dedicated ACC unit (or equivalent) for data and analytics.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In contrast to classic BICC these centers do not place emphasis on reporting, historical analysis and dashboards. ACCs follow the strategic objective of transforming a company towards a data focus, building expertise in data analytics, formulating a data strategy, identifying use cases for data mining, and drive the general adoption of analytics across the organization.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> BICCs may be transformed into an ACC, but new formations of ACC can also be found in practice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Business_Intelligence_Competency_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, G., Bräutigam, B, &amp; Gerlach, S. (2006). Business Intelligence Competency Centers: A Team Approach to Competitive Advantage. Hoboken: Wiley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, G., Queisser, T (2008), The Modern BI Organization, Heidelberg, MaxMetrics GmbH</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Miller, G., Bräutigam, B, &amp; Gerlach, S. (2006). Business Intelligence Competency Centers: A Team Approach to Competitive Advantage. Hoboken: Wiley</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAshrafi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ashrafi, N (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ijikm.org/Volume9/IJIKMv9p117-130Ashrafi0761.pdf">"The impact of business intelligence on healthcare delivery in the USA"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Interdisciplinary Journal of Information, Knowledge, and Management</i>. <b>9</b>: <span class="nowrap">117–</span>130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.28945%2F1993">10.28945/1993</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Interdisciplinary+Journal+of+Information%2C+Knowledge%2C+and+Management&amp;rft.atitle=The+impact+of+business+intelligence+on+healthcare+delivery+in+the+USA.&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E117-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.28945%2F1993&amp;rft.aulast=Ashrafi&amp;rft.aufirst=N&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ijikm.org%2FVolume9%2FIJIKMv9p117-130Ashrafi0761.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABusiness+Intelligence+Competency+Center" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/business-analytics-returns-13-01-151800882.html">"Business analytics returns $13.01 for every dollar spent, up from $10.66 three years ago, Nucleus Research finds"</a>. Nucleus Research<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beaconpartners.com/resources/topic/white-paper">the original</a> on 22 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Highworth Warneford School
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.geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Highworth_Warneford_School&amp;params=51.6266_N_1.7092_W_type:edu_region:GB-SWD_dim:100"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°37′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°42′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.6266°N 1.7092°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">51.6266; -1.7092</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academy in Highworth, Swindon, Wiltshire, England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256395774">.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-above{background:lavender;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .logo,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .seal{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-school"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme">Highworth Warneford School</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Address</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="[&quot;_30b4c2ca07eed9a6bb3ab004327012a4181e8c0e&quot;]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Highworth_Warneford_School&amp;revid=1261571820&amp;groups=_30b4c2ca07eed9a6bb3ab004327012a4181e8c0e" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Highworth_Warneford_School&amp;revid=1261571820&amp;groups=_30b4c2ca07eed9a6bb3ab004327012a4181e8c0e 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="adr"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="street-address">Shrivenham Road</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Highworth" title="Highworth">Highworth</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a></div>, <div style="display:inline;" class="region"><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire" title="Wiltshire">Wiltshire</a></div>, <div style="display:inline;" class="nowrap">SN6 7BZ</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Highworth_Warneford_School&amp;params=51.6266_N_1.7092_W_type:edu_region:GB-SWD_dim:100"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°37′36″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°42′33″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.6266°N 1.7092°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">51.6266; -1.7092</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motto</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Salubritas et Industria</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Local authority</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon Borough Council</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trust</th><td class="infobox-data">The Park Academies Trust</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department for Education</a> URN</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/150277">150277</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/school/150277">Tables</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/150277">Reports</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Principal</th><td class="infobox-data">Sophie Hesten</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Vice principal</th><td class="infobox-data">Mark Nye</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_education" title="Mixed-sex education">Coeducational</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Age</th><td class="infobox-data">11&#32;to 16</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enrolment</th><td class="infobox-data">775&#160;(August 2023)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Houses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Buscot</li> <li>Hampton</li> <li>Coleshill</li> <li>Stanton</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour(s)</th><td class="infobox-data">Royal Blue (Lower School)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:Blue; color:white;">&#160;</span><br />Navy Blue (Upper School) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#000099; color:white;">&#160;</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.warnefordschool.org/">www<wbr />.warnefordschool<wbr />.org</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15223980#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Highworth Warneford School</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mixed-sex_education" title="Mixed-sex education">coeducational</a> <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary school</a> in the small town of <a href="/wiki/Highworth" title="Highworth">Highworth</a>, north of <a href="/wiki/Swindon" title="Swindon">Swindon</a>, Wiltshire, England. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highworth_Warneford_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Warneford Secondary Modern School was established in 1957. The main buildings from the original school are still in use. The modern Highworth Warneford was established in 1975. There have been constant expansions of the school ever since, including the addition of a sports hall.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Previously a <a href="/wiki/Community_school_(England_and_Wales)" title="Community school (England and Wales)">community school</a> administered by <a href="/wiki/Swindon_Borough_Council" title="Swindon Borough Council">Swindon Borough Council</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in July 2011 Highworth Warneford School converted to <a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">academy status</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At its March 2018 <a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a> inspection the school was assessed as "Requires Improvement",<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a deterioration from the 2013 rating of "Good".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2023 the school joined The Park Academies Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_former_pupils">Notable former pupils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highworth_Warneford_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Notable former pupils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felix_de_Giles" title="Felix de Giles">Felix de Giles</a> - jockey</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Highworth_Warneford_School&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120222145745/http://www.warneford.swindon.sch.uk/">"Highworth Warneford School"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.warneford.swindon.sch.uk/index.html">the original</a> on 22 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Highworth+Warneford+School&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.warneford.swindon.sch.uk%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHighworth+Warneford+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/126461">"Highworth Warneford School (prior to July 2011)"</a>. <i>GOV.UK: Schools</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GOV.UK%3A+Schools&amp;rft.atitle=Highworth+Warneford+School+%28prior+to+July+2011%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fget-information-schools.service.gov.uk%2FEstablishments%2FEstablishment%2FDetails%2F126461&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHighworth+Warneford+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/136860">"Highworth Warneford School (until August 2023)"</a>. <i>GOV.UK: Schools</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GOV.UK%3A+Schools&amp;rft.atitle=Highworth+Warneford+School+%28until+August+2023%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fget-information-schools.service.gov.uk%2FEstablishments%2FEstablishment%2FDetails%2F136860&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHighworth+Warneford+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/23/136860">"Reports: Highworth Warneford School"</a>. <i>Ofsted</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 September</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ofsted&amp;rft.atitle=Reports%3A+Highworth+Warneford+School&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freports.ofsted.gov.uk%2Fprovider%2F23%2F136860&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHighworth+Warneford+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/2227293/urn/136860.pdf">"2013 Ofsted report"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2013+Ofsted+report&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ofsted.gov.uk%2Fprovider%2Ffiles%2F2227293%2Furn%2F136860.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHighworth+Warneford+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/150277">"Highworth Warneford School (from September 2023)"</a>. <i>GOV.UK: Schools</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GOV.UK%3A+Schools&amp;rft.atitle=Highworth+Warneford+School+%28from+September+2023%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fget-information-schools.service.gov.uk%2FEstablishments%2FEstablishment%2FDetails%2F150277&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHighworth+Warneford+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theparkacademiestrust.com/our-schools">"The Park Academies Trust"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 October</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Park+Academies+Trust&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theparkacademiestrust.com%2Four-schools&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHighworth+Warneford+School" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Schools_in_Wiltshire_(including_Swindon)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools_in_Wiltshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools in Wiltshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Schools_in_Wiltshire_(including_Swindon)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Wiltshire" title="List of schools in Wiltshire">Schools in Wiltshire</a> <small>(including <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Swindon" title="List of schools in Swindon">Swindon</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_Primary_School" title="Box Primary School">Box Primary School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbeyfield_School,_Chippenham" title="Abbeyfield School, Chippenham">Abbeyfield School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_Park_School" title="Abbey Park School">Abbey Park School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avon_Valley_Academy" title="Avon Valley Academy">Avon Valley Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradon_Forest_School" title="Bradon Forest School">Bradon Forest School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Clarendon_Academy" title="The Clarendon Academy">The Clarendon Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commonweal_School" title="Commonweal School">Commonweal School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Corsham_School" title="The Corsham School">The Corsham School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devizes_School" title="Devizes School">Devizes School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dorcan_Academy" title="The Dorcan Academy">The Dorcan Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardenhuish_School" title="Hardenhuish School">Hardenhuish School</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Highworth Warneford School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_John_of_Gaunt_School" title="The John of Gaunt School">The John of Gaunt School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdown_School" title="Kingdown School">Kingdown School, Warminster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsbury_Green_Academy" title="Kingsbury Green Academy">Kingsbury Green Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsdown_School" title="Kingsdown School">Kingsdown School, Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lavington_School" title="Lavington School">Lavington School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawn_Manor_Academy" title="Lawn Manor Academy">Lawn Manor Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lydiard_Park_Academy" title="Lydiard Park Academy">Lydiard Park Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malmesbury_School" title="Malmesbury School">Malmesbury School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matravers_School" title="Matravers School">Matravers School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melksham_Oak_Community_School" title="Melksham Oak Community School">Melksham Oak Community School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nova_Hreod_Academy" title="Nova Hreod Academy">Nova Hreod Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pewsey_Vale_School" title="Pewsey Vale School">Pewsey Vale School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ridgeway_School_and_Sixth_Form_College" title="The Ridgeway School and Sixth Form College">The Ridgeway School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Wootton_Bassett_Academy" title="Royal Wootton Bassett Academy">Royal Wootton Bassett Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Augustine%27s_Catholic_College" title="St Augustine&#39;s Catholic College">St Augustine's RC College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_John%27s_Marlborough" title="St John&#39;s Marlborough">St John's Marlborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Catholic_College" title="St Joseph&#39;s Catholic College">St Joseph's RC College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Joseph%27s_Catholic_School,_Laverstock" title="St Joseph&#39;s Catholic School, Laverstock">St Joseph's RC School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Laurence_School" title="St Laurence School">St Laurence School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarum_Academy" title="Sarum Academy">Sarum Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_School" title="Sheldon School">Sheldon School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_Academy" title="Swindon Academy">Swindon Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Stonehenge_School" title="The Stonehenge School">The Stonehenge School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Trafalgar_School_at_Downton" title="The Trafalgar School at Downton">The Trafalgar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UTC_Swindon" title="UTC Swindon">UTC Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wellington_Academy" title="The Wellington Academy">The Wellington Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyvern_St_Edmund%27s" title="Wyvern St Edmund&#39;s">Wyvern St Edmund's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Grammar</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bishop_Wordsworth%27s_School" title="Bishop Wordsworth&#39;s School">Bishop Wordsworth's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wilts_Grammar_School" title="South Wilts Grammar School">South Wilts Grammar School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exeter_House_School" title="Exeter House School">Exeter House School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silverwood_School" title="Silverwood School">Silverwood School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Preparatory</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chafyn_Grove_School" title="Chafyn Grove School">Chafyn Grove School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Cathedral_School" title="Salisbury Cathedral School">Salisbury Cathedral School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandroyd_School" title="Sandroyd School">Sandroyd School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dauntsey%27s_School" title="Dauntsey&#39;s School">Dauntsey's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godolphin_School" title="Godolphin School">Godolphin School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leehurst_Swan_School" title="Leehurst Swan School">Leehurst Swan School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_College" title="Marlborough College">Marlborough College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_School,_Calne" title="St Mary&#39;s School, Calne">St Mary's, Calne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stonar_School" title="Stonar School">Stonar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warminster_School" title="Warminster School">Warminster School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Appleford_School" title="Appleford School">Appleford School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_College,_Swindon" title="New College, Swindon">New College, Swindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Sixth_Form_College" title="Salisbury Sixth Form College">Salisbury Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swindon_College" title="Swindon College">Swindon College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiltshire_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiltshire College">Wiltshire College</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bentley%27s_School,_Calne" title="Bentley&#39;s School, Calne">Bentley's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Grammar_School,_Salisbury" title="City Grammar School, Salisbury">City Grammar School, Salisbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/College_of_the_Valley_Scholars" title="College of the Valley Scholars">College of the Valley Scholars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cranborne_Chase_School" title="Cranborne Chase School">Cranborne Chase School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fitzmaurice_Grammar_School" title="Fitzmaurice Grammar School">Fitzmaurice Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_George_Ward_Technology_College" title="The George Ward Technology College">The George Ward Technology College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenways_School" title="Greenways School">Greenways School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grittleton_House_School" title="Grittleton House School">Grittleton House School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawtreys" title="Hawtreys">Hawtreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenner%27s_School" title="Jenner&#39;s School">Jenner's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingwell_Court_Preparatory_School" title="Kingwell Court Preparatory School">Kingwell Court Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_Royal_Free_Grammar_School" title="Marlborough Royal Free Grammar School">Marlborough Royal Free Grammar School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Ride_School" title="The Old Ride School">The Old Ride School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Edmund%27s_Girls%27_School" title="St Edmund&#39;s Girls&#39; School">St Edmund's Girls' School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_School,_Shaftesbury" title="St Mary&#39;s School, Shaftesbury">St Mary's School, Shaftesbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sevington_Victorian_School" title="Sevington Victorian School">Sevington Victorian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Wiltshire_UTC" title="South Wiltshire UTC">South Wiltshire UTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐mrqmt Cached time: 20241228194438 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.397 seconds Real time usage: 0.600 seconds 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Iolanda García Sàez
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searchaux" style="display:none">Spanish ski mountaineer (born 1975)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">In this <a href="/wiki/Catalan_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Catalan name">Catalan name</a>, the first or paternal&#32;<a href="/wiki/Surname" title="Surname">surname</a> is <i> García</i>&#32;and the second or maternal family name is <i> Sàez</i>; both are generally joined by the conjunction "i".</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn">Iolanda García Sàez</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1975-06-21</span>) </span>21 June 1975<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;49)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Sallent_de_Llobregat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallent de Llobregat">Sallent de Llobregat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Iolanda García Sàez</b> (born 21 June 1975) is a Spanish <a href="/wiki/Ski_mountaineer" class="mw-redirect" title="Ski mountaineer">ski mountaineer</a>. She was born in <a href="/wiki/Sallent_de_Llobregat" class="mw-redirect" title="Sallent de Llobregat">Sallent de Llobregat</a> (<a href="/wiki/Province_of_Barcelona" title="Province of Barcelona">Province of Barcelona</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_results">Selected results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iolanda_Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A0ez&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Selected results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>2002: <ul><li>4th, Spanish Championship team (together with Olga Elena Deyurka)</li></ul></li> <li>2003: <ul><li>1st, Spanish Championship team (together with <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Bes_Ginesta" title="Cristina Bes Ginesta">Cristina Bes Ginesta</a>)</li> <li>1st, Spanish Championship single</li> <li>4th, European Cup team (together with <a href="/wiki/Cristina_Bes_Ginesta" title="Cristina Bes Ginesta">Cristina Bes Ginesta</a></li> <li>4th, Spanish Cup</li> <li>9th, <a href="/wiki/2003_European_Championship_of_Ski_Mountaineering" title="2003 European Championship of Ski Mountaineering">European Championship</a> team race (together with Cristina Bes Ginesta)</li></ul></li> <li>2004: <ul><li>5th, <a href="/wiki/2004_World_Championship_of_Ski_Mountaineering" title="2004 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering">World Championship</a> relay race (together with <a href="/wiki/Emma_Roca_Rodr%C3%ADguez" title="Emma Roca Rodríguez">Emma Roca Rodríguez</a> and Cristina Bes Ginesta)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iolanda_Garc%C3%ADa_S%C3%A0ez&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051028191738/http://www.feec.org/Noticies/noticia.php?noti=1397">"<i>Iolanda García</i>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.feec.org/Noticies/noticia.php?noti=1397">the original</a> on 2005-10-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iolanda García Sàez" }
ROH Take No Prisoners
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Professional wrestling pay-per-view event series</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">ROH Take No Prisoners</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling_promotion" class="mw-redirect" title="Professional wrestling promotion">Promotions</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Honor" title="Ring of Honor">Ring of Honor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">First event</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Take_No_Prisoners_(2008)" title="Take No Prisoners (2008)">Take No Prisoners (2008)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap">Last event</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Take_No_Prisoners_(2009)" title="Take No Prisoners (2009)">Take No Prisoners (2009)</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>ROH Take No Prisoners</b> was a <a href="/wiki/Professional_wrestling" title="Professional wrestling">professional wrestling</a> <a href="/wiki/Pay-per-view" title="Pay-per-view">pay-per-view</a> (PPV) event produced by <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Honor" title="Ring of Honor">Ring of Honor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROH_Take_No_Prisoners&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" align="center" width="100%"> <tbody><tr> <th width="4%"># </th> <th width="8%">Event<sup id="cite_ref-ROHResults_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ROHResults-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <th width="7%">Date </th> <th width="7%">Date aired </th> <th width="10%">City </th> <th width="10%">Venue </th> <th width="35%">Main Event </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Take_No_Prisoners_(2008)" title="Take No Prisoners (2008)">Take No Prisoners</a> </td> <td>March 16, 2008 </td> <td>May 30, 2008 </td> <td>Pennsylvania National Guard Armory </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nigel_McGuiness" class="mw-redirect" title="Nigel McGuiness">Nigel McGuiness</a> (c) versus <a href="/wiki/Seth_Rollins" title="Seth Rollins">Tyler Black</a> for the <a href="/wiki/ROH_World_Championship" title="ROH World Championship">ROH World Championship</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Take_No_Prisoners_(2009)" title="Take No Prisoners (2009)">Take No Prisoners 2009</a> </td> <td>April 4, 2009 </td> <td>June 12, 2009 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/George_R._Brown_Convention_Center" title="George R. Brown Convention Center">George R. Brown Convention Center</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston, Texas</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Seth_Rollins" title="Seth Rollins">Tyler Black</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kenta_Kobayashi" title="Kenta Kobayashi">KENTA</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Austin_Aries" title="Austin Aries">Austin Aries</a> and <a href="/wiki/Katsuhiko_Nakajima" title="Katsuhiko Nakajima">Katsuhiko Nakajima</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="10"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">(c) – refers to the champion(s) heading into the match</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROH_Take_No_Prisoners&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ROHResults-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ROHResults_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080822123049/http://www.rohwrestling.com/pastresults/">"ROH Past Results"</a>. Ring of Honor. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rohwrestling.com/pastresults/">the original</a> on 2008-08-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-01-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ROH+Past+Results&amp;rft.pub=Ring+of+Honor&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rohwrestling.com%2Fpastresults%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AROH+Take+No+Prisoners" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=ROH_Take_No_Prisoners&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rohwrestling.com/">ROH Wrestling.com</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ring_of_Honor" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ring_of_Honor" title="Template:Ring of Honor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ring_of_Honor" title="Template talk:Ring of Honor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ring_of_Honor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ring of Honor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ring_of_Honor" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Honor" title="Ring of Honor">Ring of Honor</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ring_of_Honor_personnel" title="List of Ring of Honor personnel">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Men's division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Beast_Mortos" title="The Beast Mortos">The Beast Mortos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaun_(wrestler)" title="Kaun (wrestler)">Bishop Kaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blake_Christian" title="Blake Christian">Blake Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Cage" title="Brian Cage">Brian Cage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlie_Bravo" title="Carlie Bravo">Carlie Bravo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Daniels" title="Christopher Daniels">Christopher Daniels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudio_Castagnoli" title="Claudio Castagnoli">Claudio Castagnoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cole_Karter" title="Cole Karter">Cole Karter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalton_Castle_(wrestler)" title="Dalton Castle (wrestler)">Dalton Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Garcia_(wrestler)" title="Daniel Garcia (wrestler)">Daniel Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Rhodes" title="Dustin Rhodes">Dustin Rhodes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_(wrestler)" title="Dutch (wrestler)">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddie_Kingston" title="Eddie Kingston">Eddie Kingston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griff_Garrison" title="Griff Garrison">Griff Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyle_Fletcher" title="Kyle Fletcher">Kyle Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Johnson_(wrestler)" title="Lee Johnson (wrestler)">Lee Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Moriarty" title="Lee Moriarty">Lee Moriarty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Briscoe" title="Mark Briscoe">Mark Briscoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_and_Ross_Von_Erich" title="Marshall and Ross Von Erich">Marshall Von Erich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Taven" title="Matt Taven">Matt Taven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Bennett_(wrestler)" title="Mike Bennett (wrestler)">Mike Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Comoroto" title="Nick Comoroto">Nick Comoroto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_and_Ross_Von_Erich" title="Marshall and Ross Von Erich">Ross Von Erich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sammy_Guevara" title="Sammy Guevara">Sammy Guevara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Taylor_(wrestler)" title="Shane Taylor (wrestler)">Shane Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shawn_Dean" title="Shawn Dean">Shawn Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toa_Liona" title="Toa Liona">Toa Liona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinny_Marseglia" title="Vinny Marseglia">Vincent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Yuta" title="Wheeler Yuta">Wheeler Yuta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Women's division</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(wrestler)" title="Athena (wrestler)">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billie_Starkz" title="Billie Starkz">Billie Starkz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Twins" title="Renegade Twins">Charlette Renegade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamante_(female_wrestler)" title="Diamante (female wrestler)">Diamanté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frost" title="Lady Frost">Lady Frost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leyla_Hirsch" title="Leyla Hirsch">Leyla Hirsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marina_Shafir" title="Marina Shafir">Marina Shafir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercedes_Martinez" title="Mercedes Martinez">Mercedes Martinez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rachael_Ellering" title="Rachael Ellering">Rachael Ellering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Twins" title="Renegade Twins">Robyn Renegade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trish_Adora" title="Trish Adora">Trish Adora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other on-air personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Lynn" title="Jerry Lynn">Jerry Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Show" title="Big Show">Paul Wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stokely_Hathaway" title="Stokely Hathaway">Stokely Hathaway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stables and tag teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullet_Club#Formation_of_Bullet_Club_Gold_/_Bang_Bang_Gang" title="Bullet Club">Bang Bang Gang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Butcher_and_the_Blade" title="The Butcher and the Blade">The Butcher and the Blade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dark_Order" title="The Dark Order">The Dark Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTR_(professional_wrestling)" title="FTR (professional wrestling)">FTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gates_of_Agony" title="Gates of Agony">Gates of Agony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegade_Twins" title="Renegade Twins">Renegade Twins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shane_Taylor_(wrestler)" title="Shane Taylor (wrestler)">Shane Taylor Promotions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undisputed_Kingdom" title="Undisputed Kingdom">Undisputed Kingdom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Taven_and_Mike_Bennett" title="Matt Taven and Mike Bennett">Matt Taven and Mike Bennett</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_and_Ross_Von_Erich" title="Marshall and Ross Von Erich">Von Erichs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Broadcast team</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Cruise" title="Bobby Cruise">Bobby Cruise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caprice_Coleman" title="Caprice Coleman">Caprice Coleman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_Riccaboni" title="Ian Riccaboni">Ian Riccaboni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexy_Nair" title="Lexy Nair">Lexy Nair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Management</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Khan" title="Tony Khan">Tony Khan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Historic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_Ring_of_Honor_personnel" title="List of former Ring of Honor personnel">Alumni</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Pearce" title="Adam Pearce">Adam Pearce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cary_Silkin" title="Cary Silkin">Cary Silkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delirious_(wrestler)" title="Delirious (wrestler)">Delirious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabe_Sapolsky" title="Gabe Sapolsky">Gabe Sapolsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Cornette" title="Jim Cornette">Jim Cornette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Koff" title="Joe Koff">Joe Koff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_Scurll" title="Marty Scurll">Marty Scurll</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Take No Prisoners</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Take_No_Prisoners_(2008)" title="Take No Prisoners (2008)">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Take_No_Prisoners_(2009)" title="Take No Prisoners (2009)">2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television/streaming</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Honor_Club" title="Honor Club">Honor Club</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Honor_Wrestling" title="Ring of Honor Wrestling">Ring of Honor Wrestling</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ring_of_Honor_pay-per-view_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ring of Honor pay-per-view events">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Death_Before_Dishonor" title="ROH Death Before Dishonor">Death Before Dishonor</a> (2003–2019, 2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Final_Battle" title="Final Battle">Final Battle</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Supercard_of_Honor" title="ROH Supercard of Honor">Supercard of Honor</a> (2006–2011, 2013–2019, 2022–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wrestle_Dynasty" title="Wrestle Dynasty">Wrestle Dynasty</a> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ring_of_Honor_pay-per-view_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ring of Honor pay-per-view events">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_All_Star_Extravaganza" title="ROH All Star Extravaganza">All Star Extravaganza</a> (2002–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Anniversary_Show" title="ROH Anniversary Show">Anniversary Show</a> (2003–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Best_in_the_World" title="ROH Best in the World">Best in the World</a> (2006, 2011–2019, 2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_The_Big_Bang!" title="ROH The Big Bang!">The Big Bang!</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boiling_Point_(2012)" title="Boiling Point (2012)">Boiling Point</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Wars" title="Global Wars">Border/Global Wars</a> (2012–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Bound_By_Honor" title="ROH Bound By Honor">Bound By Honor</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caged_Collision" title="Caged Collision">Caged Collision</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Driven" title="ROH Driven">Driven</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Field_of_Honor" title="ROH Field of Honor">Field of Honor</a> (2014–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_to_Honor_(2020)" title="Gateway to Honor (2020)">Gateway to Honor</a> (2011, 2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glory_By_Honor" title="Glory By Honor">Glory By Honor</a> (2002–2016, 2018–2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_for_All" title="Honor for All">Honor for All</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_Rising:_Japan" title="Honor Rising: Japan">Honor Rising: Japan</a> (2016–2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honor_Takes_Center_Stage" title="Honor Takes Center Stage">Honor Takes Center Stage</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Man_Up" title="ROH Man Up">Man Up</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_New_Horizons" title="ROH New Horizons">New Horizons</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Respect_is_Earned" title="ROH Respect is Earned">Respect is Earned</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Rising_Above" title="ROH Rising Above">Rising Above</a> (2007–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Showdown_in_the_Sun" title="Showdown in the Sun">Showdown in the Sun</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summer_Supercard" title="Summer Supercard">Summer Supercard</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Survival_of_the_Fittest" title="ROH Survival of the Fittest">Survival of the Fittest</a> (2004–2007, 2009–2012, 2014–2018, 2021)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Take No Prisoners</a> (2008–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Undeniable" title="ROH Undeniable">Undeniable</a> (2007)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special <a href="/wiki/List_of_Ring_of_Honor_pay-per-view_events" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ring of Honor pay-per-view events">events</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;padding:0;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_In_(2018)" title="All In (2018)">All In</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crockett_Cup_(2019)" title="Crockett Cup (2019)">Crockett Cup</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jay_Briscoe_Celebration_of_Life" title="The Jay Briscoe Celebration of Life">The Jay Briscoe Celebration of Life</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Jericho%27s_Rock_%27N%27_Wrestling_Rager_at_Sea#Sea_of_Honor" title="Chris Jericho&#39;s Rock &#39;N&#39; Wrestling Rager at Sea">Sea of Honor</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH/NJPW_War_of_the_Worlds" title="ROH/NJPW War of the Worlds">War of the Worlds</a> (2014–2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_champions_in_Ring_of_Honor" title="List of current champions in Ring of Honor">Championships</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_World_Championship" title="ROH World Championship">World</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ROH_World_Champions" title="List of ROH World Champions">reigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Women%27s_World_Championship" title="ROH Women&#39;s World Championship">Women's</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Women%27s_World_Championship#Reigns" title="ROH Women&#39;s World Championship">reigns</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Pure_Championship" title="ROH Pure Championship">Pure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ROH_Pure_Champions" title="List of ROH Pure Champions">reigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_World_Television_Championship" title="ROH World Television Championship">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ROH_World_Television_Champions" title="List of ROH World Television Champions">reigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Women%27s_World_Television_Championship" title="ROH Women&#39;s World Television Championship">Women's Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Divisional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_World_Tag_Team_Championship" title="ROH World Tag Team Championship">Tag Team</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ROH_World_Tag_Team_Champions" title="List of ROH World Tag Team Champions">reigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_World_Six-Man_Tag_Team_Championship" title="ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Championship">Six-Man</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ROH_World_Six-Man_Tag_Team_Champions" title="List of ROH World Six-Man Tag Team Champions">reigns</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_championships_in_Ring_of_Honor" title="List of former championships in Ring of Honor">Former</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Top_of_the_Class_Trophy_Championship" title="ROH Top of the Class Trophy Championship">Top of the Class Trophy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Top_of_the_Class_Trophy_Championship#Reigns" title="ROH Top of the Class Trophy Championship">reigns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Honor_World_Championship" title="Women of Honor World Championship">Women of Honor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Honor_World_Championship#Reigns" title="Women of Honor World Championship">reigns</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other accomplishments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Slam_(professional_wrestling)#Ring_of_Honor_(2018)" title="Grand Slam (professional wrestling)">Grand Slam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Hall_of_Fame" title="ROH Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Honor_Rumble" title="ROH Honor Rumble">Honor Rumble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Survival_of_the_Fittest" title="ROH Survival of the Fittest">Survival of the Fittest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ring_of_Honor_tournaments" title="List of Ring of Honor tournaments">Tournaments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Pure_Tournament" title="ROH Pure Tournament">Pure Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Tag_Wars_Tournament" title="ROH Tag Wars Tournament">Tag Wars Tournament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Top_Prospect_Tournament" title="ROH Top Prospect Tournament">Top Prospect Tournament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_Crown_(professional_wrestling)#Ring_of_Honor" title="Triple Crown (professional wrestling)">Triple Crown</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sister promotion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Elite_Wrestling" title="All Elite Wrestling">All Elite Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current partnerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Consejo_Mundial_de_Lucha_Libre" title="Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre">Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucha_Libre_AAA_Worldwide" title="Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide">Lucha Libre AAA Worldwide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Japan_Pro-Wrestling" title="New Japan Pro-Wrestling">New Japan Pro-Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former partnerships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_Japan_Pro_Wrestling" title="All Japan Pro Wrestling">All Japan Pro Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combat_Zone_Wrestling" title="Combat Zone Wrestling">Combat Zone Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chikara_(professional_wrestling)" title="Chikara (professional wrestling)">Chikara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragongate" title="Dragongate">Dragongate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frontier_Wrestling_Alliance" title="Frontier Wrestling Alliance">Frontier Wrestling Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_Impact_Pro" title="Full Impact Pro">Full Impact Pro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Professional_Wrestling_Alliance" title="Global Professional Wrestling Alliance">Global Professional Wrestling Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jersey_All_Pro_Wrestling" title="Jersey All Pro Wrestling">Jersey All Pro Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MCW_Pro_Wrestling" title="MCW Pro Wrestling">MCW Pro Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Wrestling_Alliance" title="National Wrestling Alliance">National Wrestling Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preston_City_Wrestling" class="mw-redirect" title="Preston City Wrestling">Preston City Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Wrestling_Noah" title="Pro Wrestling Noah">Pro Wrestling Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pro_Wrestling_Zero1" title="Pro Wrestling Zero1">Pro Wrestling Zero1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ohio_Valley_Wrestling" title="Ohio Valley Wrestling">Ohio Valley Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_Pro_Wrestling" title="Revolution Pro Wrestling">Revolution Pro Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shimmer_Women_Athletes" title="Shimmer Women Athletes">Shimmer Women Athletes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Crash_Lucha_Libre" title="The Crash Lucha Libre">The Crash Lucha Libre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Total_Nonstop_Action_Wrestling" title="Total Nonstop Action Wrestling">Total Nonstop Action Wrestling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Wonder_Ring_Stardom" title="World Wonder Ring Stardom">World Wonder Ring Stardom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2300_Arena" title="2300 Arena">2300 Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesapeake_Employers_Insurance_Arena" title="Chesapeake Employers Insurance Arena">Chesapeake Employers Insurance Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Center" title="Manhattan Center">Manhattan Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_Zone" title="Impact Zone">Universal Studios Soundstage 21</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ROH_Dojo" title="ROH Dojo">ROH Dojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_of_Honor" title="Women of Honor">Women of Honor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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The Takeover UK
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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22The+Takeover+UK%22">"The Takeover UK"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22The+Takeover+UK%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22The+Takeover+UK%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22The+Takeover+UK%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22The+Takeover+UK%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22The+Takeover+UK%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Takeover UK</b> was an American rock group from <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>. Formed in mid-2004, the band released its first <a href="/wiki/Extended_play" title="Extended play">EP</a>, <i>It's All Happening</i> in July 2008, and its first full-length album, <i>Running With the Wasters</i>, in March 2009, both for Rykodisc. The first single, "Ah La La," was featured on popular <a href="/wiki/MTV" title="MTV">MTV</a> reality show <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hills_(TV_series)" title="The Hills (TV series)">The Hills</a></i> as well as in promotional commercials for ABC's <i><a href="/wiki/Castle_(TV_series)" title="Castle (TV series)">Castle</a></i>. The band has toured with <a href="/wiki/The_Juliana_Theory" title="The Juliana Theory">The Juliana Theory</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Shys" title="The Shys">The Shys</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Army_Navy_(band)" title="Army Navy (band)">Army Navy</a>. In Winter 2009 - 2010, the band toured their <i>Running with the Wasters</i> album. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Takeover_UK&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The members of The Takeover UK have been playing music for most of their lives. Snyder is the son of former <a href="/wiki/Iron_City_Houserockers" title="Iron City Houserockers">Iron City Houserockers</a> member, Gil Snyder. Solomich played in Disturbed Youth, A for Arson, and 53rd State as a youth growing up in Pittsburgh. Sickels was a member of various bands around the Pittsburgh area as well, sometimes fronting and sometimes taking over drum duty. White, the newest addition to the band, most recently fronted Derek White and the Monophobics, and has been a talented staple of the Pittsburgh music scene for sometime. Snyder, Sickels, and Shash were in school together growing up. Solomich and Sickels first met as youths, both being involved in different bands at the time. Both Solomich and Sickels continued to hone their craft over the years. From 2002 - 2004, Snyder and Sickles were playing in various bands together. On a trip home from college, <a href="/wiki/Boston_University" title="Boston University">Boston University</a>, Solomich came to see one of Snyder and Sickles' shows. Shortly after this, the three decided to form a new project, The Takeover.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Unfortunately, the name was already taken, so they added a UK to the end of the band name, thus forming "The Takeover UK." </p><p>As of November 2010, the band has been on hiatus for over a year.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of March 2011, the band has split and members Snyder and Sickels have started a new band called 1,2,3. Solomich formed the band <a href="/wiki/Junior_Prom_(band)" title="Junior Prom (band)">Junior Prom</a> with Erik Ratensperger (formerly of <a href="/wiki/The_Virgins" title="The Virgins">The Virgins</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_members">Former members</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Takeover_UK&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Former members"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Nic Snyder - Guitar, Vocals</li> <li>Mark Solomich - Guitar, Vocals</li> <li>Derek White - Bass Guitar, Vocals</li> <li>Josh Sickels - Drums</li> <li>Adam Shash - Bass Guitar, Vocals (2004–2009)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Takeover_UK&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>It's All Happening</i> EP (July 2008 - Rykodisc)</li> <li><i>Running With The Wasters</i> (March 2009 - Rykodisc)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Takeover_UK&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Takeover UK appears in an episode of <i>Jake and Amir</i> on <a href="/wiki/CollegeHumor" title="CollegeHumor">CollegeHumor</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Singers Mark Solomich and Nic Snyder appear briefly as extras in the 2008 film, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mysteries_of_Pittsburgh" title="The Mysteries of Pittsburgh">The Mysteries of Pittsburgh</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Nick_Nolte" title="Nick Nolte">Nick Nolte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sienna_Miller" title="Sienna Miller">Sienna Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sarsgaard" title="Peter Sarsgaard">Peter Sarsgaard</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Takeover_UK&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614215417/http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid:46847">"The Takeover UK release debut EP It's All Happening on Rykodisc - Music - Music Features - Pittsburgh City Paper"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittsburghcitypaper.ws/gyrobase/Content?oid=oid:46847">the original</a> on 2011-06-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-05-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Takeover+UK+release+debut+EP+It%27s+All+Happening+on+Rykodisc+-+Music+-+Music+Features+-+Pittsburgh+City+Paper&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pittsburghcitypaper.ws%2Fgyrobase%2FContent%3Foid%3Doid%3A46847&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Takeover+UK" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/iarchive/facebook/27486567216/447625477216">"John Bruno on Facebook"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a></i>. 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(March 2022)">user-generated source</span></a></i>&#93;</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140912004413/http://www.nylonguysmag.com/junior-prom-sheila-put-the-knife-down/">"Junior prom "sheila put the knife down" - Nylon Guys"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nylonguysmag.com/junior-prom-sheila-put-the-knife-down/">the original</a> on 2014-09-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-06-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Junior+prom+%22sheila+put+the+knife+down%22+-+Nylon+Guys&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nylonguysmag.com%2Fjunior-prom-sheila-put-the-knife-down%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Takeover+UK" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signup.dropout.tv/">"Dropout - Independent, ad-free, uncensored comedy"</a>. <i>Signup.dropout.tv</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Signup.dropout.tv&amp;rft.atitle=Dropout+-+Independent%2C+ad-free%2C+uncensored+comedy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.signup.dropout.tv%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Takeover+UK" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Takeover_UK&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://myspace.com/thetakeoveruk">The Takeover UK</a> on <a href="/wiki/Myspace" title="Myspace">Myspace</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Kamill Balatoni
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class="infobox" style="width: 22em;"> <caption class="" style="">Kamill Balatoni</caption> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center; background-color:#b0c4de;color:inherit;">Medal record </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#eeeeee;color:inherit;">Men's <a href="/wiki/Canoe_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoe racing">canoe sprint</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#eeeeee;color:inherit;" class="adr">Representing <span class="country-name"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/23px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/35px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/46px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;background-color:#cccccc;color:inherit;">World Championships </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Silver medal – second place"><img alt="Silver medal – second place" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/16px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/24px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg/32px-Silver_medal_icon_%28S_initial%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1938_ICF_Canoe_Sprint_World_Championships" title="1938 ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships">1938 Vaxholm</a></span></td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">K-1 10000 m folding </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kamill Balatoni</b> (1912 – 7 February 1945) was a <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Canoe_racing" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoe racing">sprint canoeist</a> who competed in the late 1930s. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Magyar+%C3%89letrajzi+Lexikon&amp;rft.atitle=MAGYAR+%C3%89LETRAJZI+LEXIKON&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmek.oszk.hu%2F00300%2F00355%2Fhtml%2FABC00523%2F00696.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKamill+Balatoni" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100105013709/http://canoeicf.com/site/canoeint/if/downloads/result/Pages%201-41%20from%20Medal%20Winners%20ICF%20updated%202007-2.pdf?MenuID=Results%2F1107%2F0%2CMedal%5Fwinners%5Fsince%5F1936%2F1510%2F0">ICF medalists for Olympic and World Championships – Part 1: flatwater (now sprint): 1936–2007</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>&#32;(archived 2010-01-05)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.webcitation.org/5l9vPO85Y?url=http://www.canoeicf.com/site/canoeint/if/downloads/result/Pages%2042-83%20from%20Medal%20Winners%20ICF%20updated%202007.pdf?MenuID=Results%2F1107%2F0%2CMedal%5Fwinners%5Fsince%5F1936%2F1510%2F0">ICF medalists for Olympic and World Championships – Part 2: rest of flatwater (now sprint) and remaining canoeing disciplines: 1936–2007</a> at <a href="/wiki/WebCite" title="WebCite">WebCite</a>&#32;(archived 2009-11-09)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Hungary.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/40px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/60px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Flag_of_Hungary.svg/80px-Flag_of_Hungary.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canadese_kano_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon 2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canadese_kano_2.jpg/35px-Canadese_kano_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canadese_kano_2.jpg/53px-Canadese_kano_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Canadese_kano_2.jpg/70px-Canadese_kano_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="375" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a Hungarian canoeist is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamill Balatoni" }
Andreas Leigh Aabel
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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norwegian physician and poet (1830–1901)</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andreas_Aabel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Andreas_Aabel.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="176" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="176" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Morten Andreas Leigh Aabel</b> (10 February 1830 – 9 May 1901) was a Norwegian physician and poet.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Leigh_Aabel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He was born at <a href="/wiki/Sogndal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Sogndal Municipality">Sogndal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sogn_og_Fjordane" title="Sogn og Fjordane">Nordre Bergenhus</a> county, Norway. His father, Peter Pavels Aabel (1795-1869), was the vicar and senior priest in Sogndal from 1824–1833. He was a brother of priest, <a href="/wiki/Oluf_Andreas_Aabel" title="Oluf Andreas Aabel">Oluf Andreas Aabel</a> (1825–1895).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-nbl_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He enrolled as a student in 1848, graduated with the <a href="/wiki/Cand.med." class="mw-redirect" title="Cand.med.">cand.med.</a> degree in 1856. Professionally, he worked as a physician from 1853 to 1899, and was a district physician in several Norwegian districts. He first worked as a district physician for western <a href="/wiki/Finnmark" title="Finnmark">Finnmark</a>, based in <a href="/wiki/Hammerfest" class="mw-redirect" title="Hammerfest">Hammerfest</a> followed by private practice in <a href="/wiki/%C3%85snes_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Åsnes Municipality">Åsnes Municipality</a>. At the end of the 1850s, Aabel became a doctor at <a href="/wiki/Nes_Municipality_(Akershus)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nes Municipality (Akershus)">Nes Municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romerike" title="Romerike">Romerike</a>. In 1864 he was appointed a district physician in <a href="/wiki/Sunnfjord" title="Sunnfjord">Sunnfjord</a>, and the family settled at Falkenstein in <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8rde_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Førde Municipality">Førde Municipality</a>. From 1876 to 1885 he was a doctor in <a href="/wiki/Nord-Aurdal_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Nord-Aurdal Municipality">Nord-Aurdal Municipality</a> in <a href="/wiki/Valdres" title="Valdres">Valdres</a>. In 1885, he was appointed a district doctor for <a href="/wiki/Toten" title="Toten">Toten</a> where he stayed for ten years. Aabel moved to <a href="/wiki/Gj%C3%B8vik_Municipality" class="mw-redirect" title="Gjøvik Municipality">Gjøvik Municipality</a> in 1895 and in 1899 he retired.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>While studying he was a member of the <i>Literary Association</i> and the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Students%27_Society" title="Norwegian Students&#39; Society">Norwegian Students' Society</a>. He started writing poems and songs, and continued after graduation. </p><p>In 1857 he married Wilhelmine Louise Collett (1834–1901), a descendant of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Ancher_Collett" title="Christian Ancher Collett">Christian Ancher Collett</a>. Their son <a href="/wiki/Hauk_Aabel" title="Hauk Aabel">Hauk Aabel</a> was a notable actor and through him, Andreas was a grandfather of actors <a href="/wiki/Per_Aabel" title="Per Aabel">Per Aabel</a> and Andreas Aabel. Through his sister Christine Margrethe Aabel (1827–1887), he was the uncle of <a href="/wiki/Hartvig_Andreas_Munthe" title="Hartvig Andreas Munthe">Hartvig Andreas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Munthe" title="Gerhard Munthe">Gerhard</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margrethe_Munthe" title="Margrethe Munthe">Margrethe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carl_Oscar_Munthe" title="Carl Oscar Munthe">Carl Oscar Munthe</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Leigh_Aabel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Rimstubber</i> (1862)</li> <li><i>Høstblomster</i></li> <li><i>Rimstubber II</i> (1896)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andreas_Leigh_Aabel&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/distrikt/nrk_sogn_og_fjordane/fylkesleksikon/1283997.html">"Andreas Aabel"</a>. NRK Sogn og Fjordane<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Andreas+Aabel&amp;rft.pub=NRK+Sogn+og+Fjordane&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnyheter%2Fdistrikt%2Fnrk_sogn_og_fjordane%2Ffylkesleksikon%2F1283997.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Leigh+Aabel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/distrikt/nrk_sogn_og_fjordane/fylkesleksikon/2761922.html">"Peder Pavels Aabel"</a>. NRK Sogn og Fjordane<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Peder+Pavels+Aabel&amp;rft.pub=NRK+Sogn+og+Fjordane&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrk.no%2Fnyheter%2Fdistrikt%2Fnrk_sogn_og_fjordane%2Ffylkesleksikon%2F2761922.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Leigh+Aabel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nbl-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrogvig1923" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Anders_Krogvig" title="Anders Krogvig">Krogvig, Anders</a> (1923). "Aabel, Morten Andreas Leigh". In <a href="/wiki/Edvard_Bull,_Sr." class="mw-redirect" title="Edvard Bull, Sr.">Bull, Edvard</a>; <a href="/wiki/Anders_Krogvig" title="Anders Krogvig">Krogvig, Anders</a>; <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Gran" title="Gerhard Gran">Gran, Gerhard</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/Norsk_biografisk_leksikon" title="Norsk biografisk leksikon">Norsk biografisk leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Vol.&#160;1 (1&#160;ed.). Oslo: Aschehoug. p.&#160;1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Aabel%2C+Morten+Andreas+Leigh&amp;rft.btitle=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.pages=1&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft.pub=Aschehoug&amp;rft.date=1923&amp;rft.aulast=Krogvig&amp;rft.aufirst=Anders&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Leigh+Aabel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lokalhistoriewiki.no/wiki/Morten_Andreas_Leigh_Aabel">"Morten Andreas Leigh Aabel"</a>. lokalhistoriewiki.no<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Morten+Andreas+Leigh+Aabel&amp;rft.pub=lokalhistoriewiki.no&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flokalhistoriewiki.no%2Fwiki%2FMorten_Andreas_Leigh_Aabel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAndreas+Leigh+Aabel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">{{Cite encyclopedia |year=2005 |title=Hauk Aabel |encyclopedia=<a href="/wiki/Norsk_biografisk_leksikon" title="Norsk biografisk leksikon">Norsk biografisk leksikon</a> |publisher=Kunnskapsforlaget |location=Oslo |url=<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Hauk_Aabel/utdypning">http://www.snl.no/.nbl_biografi/Hauk_Aabel/utdypning</a> |last=Berg |first=Thoralf |editor-last=<a href="/wiki/Knut_Helle" title="Knut Helle">Helle, Knut</a> |volume=10</span></li></ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90088421">Norway</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle;"><span 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Dawu Sports Stadium
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item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button 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.longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dawu_Sports_Stadium&amp;params=5_59_N_0_05_W_region:GH_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°59′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°05′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.983°N 0.083°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">5.983; -0.083</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Stadium in Dawu Akuapem, Ghana</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Dawu Sports Stadium</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="[&quot;_de30127da6ff94a626f7b5b101d0e43286c6280a&quot;]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Dawu_Sports_Stadium&amp;revid=1156618798&amp;groups=_de30127da6ff94a626f7b5b101d0e43286c6280a" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Dawu_Sports_Stadium&amp;revid=1156618798&amp;groups=_de30127da6ff94a626f7b5b101d0e43286c6280a 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Dawu_(Ghana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawu (Ghana)">Dawu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Dawu_Sports_Stadium&amp;params=5_59_N_0_05_W_region:GH_type:city_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">5°59′N</span> <span class="longitude">0°05′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">5.983°N 0.083°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">5.983; -0.083</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Seating_capacity" title="Seating capacity">Capacity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">5,000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface</th><td class="infobox-data">Grass</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ccc">Tenants</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Dreams_F.C._(Ghana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreams F.C. (Ghana)">Dreams F.C. (Ghana)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/International_Allies_F.C." title="International Allies F.C.">International Allies F.C.</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dawu Sports Stadium</b> is a multi-use, 5,000-capacity all-seater <a href="/wiki/Stadium" title="Stadium">stadium</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dawu_(Ghana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawu (Ghana)">Dawu Akuapem</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Region, Ghana">Eastern Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>, mostly used for <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> matches.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dawu_Sports_Stadium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Dawu Sports Stadium was built by a businessman called Seth Yeboah for use by his football team, <a href="/wiki/Dawu_Youngstars" class="mw-redirect" title="Dawu Youngstars">Dawu Youngstars</a>. However, Dawu youngsters have now been dissolved<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2008, the stadium was the home venue for the African qualifiers for the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_Premier_Cup" title="Manchester United Premier Cup">Nike Premier Cup</a> competition.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Dawu sports stadium is currently the home ground for Ghana Premier league sides <a href="/wiki/Dreams_F.C._(Ghana)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreams F.C. (Ghana)">Dreams Fc</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Allies_F.C." title="International Allies F.C.">International Allies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dawu_Sports_Stadium&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bettingacademyliberia.com/stats/venue/ghana/dawu-sports-stadium/25116">"Dawu Sports Stadium | Dreams • Stats"</a>. <i>www.bettingacademyliberia.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.bettingacademyliberia.com&amp;rft.atitle=Dawu+Sports+Stadium+%7C+Dreams+%E2%80%A2+Stats&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bettingacademyliberia.com%2Fstats%2Fvenue%2Fghana%2Fdawu-sports-stadium%2F25116&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghsportsdata.com/stadium/dawu-sports-stadium-dawu/">"Dawu Sports Stadium, Dawu – Gh Sports Data"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dawu+Sports+Stadium%2C+Dawu+%E2%80%93+Gh+Sports+Data&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fghsportsdata.com%2Fstadium%2Fdawu-sports-stadium-dawu%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghsportsdata.com/stadium/dawu-sports-stadium-dawu/">"Dawu Sports Stadium, Dawu – Gh Sports Data"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dawu+Sports+Stadium%2C+Dawu+%E2%80%93+Gh+Sports+Data&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fghsportsdata.com%2Fstadium%2Fdawu-sports-stadium-dawu%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecil2020" class="citation web cs1">Cecil (2020-10-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allianceplusmedia.com/dawu-youngsters-legends-honour-their-chairman/">"DAWU YOUNGSTERS LEGENDS HONOUR THEIR CHAIRMAN"</a>. <i>Alliance Plus Media</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Alliance+Plus+Media&amp;rft.atitle=DAWU+YOUNGSTERS+LEGENDS+HONOUR+THEIR+CHAIRMAN.&amp;rft.date=2020-10-18&amp;rft.au=Cecil&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allianceplusmedia.com%2Fdawu-youngsters-legends-honour-their-chairman%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.modernghana.com/sports/194380/2/nike-premier-cup-ghana-finals-head-to-dewu.html">"Nike Premier Cup Ghana finals head to Dewu"</a>. ModernGhana.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Nike+Premier+Cup+Ghana+finals+head+to+Dewu&amp;rft.pub=ModernGhana.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.modernghana.com%2Fsports%2F194380%2F2%2Fnike-premier-cup-ghana-finals-head-to-dewu.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociation" class="citation web cs1">Association, Ghana Football. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ghanafa.org/inter-allies-fall-to-asante-kotoko-at-dawu">"Inter Allies fall to Asante Kotoko at Dawu"</a>. <i>www.ghanafa.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ghanafa.org&amp;rft.atitle=Inter+Allies+fall+to+Asante+Kotoko+at+Dawu&amp;rft.aulast=Association&amp;rft.aufirst=Ghana+Football&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghanafa.org%2Finter-allies-fall-to-asante-kotoko-at-dawu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghanasoccernet.com/match-summary-inter-allies-2-3-asante-kotoko-dawu">"Match Summary – Inter Allies 2-3 Asante Kotoko – Dawu"</a>. <i>GhanaSoccernet</i>. 2021-06-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GhanaSoccernet&amp;rft.atitle=Match+Summary+%E2%80%93+Inter+Allies+2-3+Asante+Kotoko+%E2%80%93+Dawu&amp;rft.date=2021-06-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fghanasoccernet.com%2Fmatch-summary-inter-allies-2-3-asante-kotoko-dawu&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/SportsArchive/Dreams-FC-defeats-10-man-Hearts-of-Oak-2-0-in-Dawu-1249183">"Dreams FC defeats 10-man Hearts of Oak 2-0 in Dawu"</a>. <i>GhanaWeb</i>. 2021-05-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=GhanaWeb&amp;rft.atitle=Dreams+FC+defeats+10-man+Hearts+of+Oak+2-0+in+Dawu&amp;rft.date=2021-05-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghanaweb.com%2FGhanaHomePage%2FSportsArchive%2FDreams-FC-defeats-10-man-Hearts-of-Oak-2-0-in-Dawu-1249183&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADawu+Sports+Stadium" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.footballgroundmap.com/ground/dawu-sports-stadium/dreams-fc">"Dawu Sports Stadium, home to Dreams FC - Football Ground Map"</a>. <i>www.footballgroundmap.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Pittcon Editors' Awards
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class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/60px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/80px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>may contain <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITE">citations</a> that do not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:V">verify</a> the text</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pittcon_Editors%27_Awards&amp;action=edit">check for citation inaccuracies</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-COI plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-COI" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/45px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/68px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Unbalanced_scales.svg/90px-Unbalanced_scales.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="354" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><b> A major contributor to this article appears to have a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">close connection</a> with its subject.</b><span class="hide-when-compact"> It may require cleanup to comply with Wikipedia's content policies, particularly <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. Please discuss further on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Pittcon_Editors%27_Awards" title="Talk:Pittcon Editors&#39; Awards">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">January 2012</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> </div> </div><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pittcon Editors’ Awards</b> honoured the best new products on show at the <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_Conference_on_Analytical_Chemistry_and_Applied_Spectroscopy" title="Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy">Pittsburgh Conference on Analytical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy</a>, or Pittcon,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> for 20 years from 1996 having been established by Dr Gordon Wilkinson, managing editor of <i>Analytical Instrument Industry Report</i> (later <i>Instrumenta</i>). On 8 March 2015, the event returned to the Morial Convention Center in <a href="/wiki/New_Orleans" title="New Orleans">New Orleans</a> and this was the last occasion when the awards were presented. </p><p>The independent awards, which represented the results of an informal poll of leading editors, had become an important feature of the world's largest <a href="/wiki/Trade_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Trade Show">trade show</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Laboratory_equipment" class="mw-redirect" title="Laboratory equipment">laboratory equipment</a> industry. Pittcon organisers and media center supported the scheme and provided details and photographs on the exhibition's Press and Media Information page.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2016 the group of editors and journalists that formed the core of the judging panel reluctantly decided to discontinue the awards program citing gradually dwindling support from ever-busier media representatives. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History_and_organisation">History and organisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pittcon_Editors%27_Awards&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History and organisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The awards were started because of the challenge that editors faced of effectively covering the <a href="/wiki/Trade_show" title="Trade show">trade show</a>, which in 2015 hosted 925 exhibitors. New exhibitors at the <a href="/wiki/Morial_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Morial Convention Center">Morial Convention Center</a> totalled 130 companies. Walking past every booth at an event such as this represents a trek of over 10 kilometres (6.2&#160;mi).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Accredited media representatives, of whom there were more than 150 per year, were invited to list up to three new products on a nomination form provided on registration at the Media Center. Editors were invited to attend a judging session towards the end of the trade show. They reviewed entries and voted on the nominated products. The only criterion was that products must have appeared at the exhibition for the first time, but winning products usually featured innovations in technology or <a href="/wiki/Industrial_design" title="Industrial design">industrial design</a>, or enabled new <a href="/wiki/Analytics" title="Analytics">analytical applications</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gold, Silver and Bronze winners were determined and plaques were awarded to the booth personnel of the winning companies on the final morning of the four-day exposition. Other nominated products received an <a href="/wiki/Honourable_Mention" title="Honourable Mention">Honourable Mention</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Award_winners">Award winners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pittcon_Editors%27_Awards&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Award winners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Pittcon_Editors%27_Awards" title="Special:EditPage/Pittcon Editors&#39; Awards">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2018</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Winners for the period 1996 to 2015, together with the names of their products, are listed below. Of the award winners, the majority were the largest instrument makers in the industry, but over 30 small companies or <a href="/wiki/Start-ups" class="mw-redirect" title="Start-ups">start-ups</a> went home with awards, illustrating that editors were able to use their technical expertise to spot innovations irrespective of the marketing budgets of exhibitors. </p><p>Company names are listed in the format used at the date of the award, although may have now changed as a result of change of ownership. <a href="/wiki/Trademarks" class="mw-redirect" title="Trademarks">Trademarks</a> are acknowledged, but not indicated; readers should check corporate literature or websites for current <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">intellectual property</a> rights. Web links are only provided for award-winning products up to five years old. Products introduced earlier have usually been updated with more recent models. </p><p><b>2015</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold - <a href="/wiki/Shimadzu_Corp." class="mw-redirect" title="Shimadzu Corp.">Shimadzu Corp.</a> - Nexera UC fully automated supercritical fluid extraction - supercritical fluid chromatography - mass spectrometry system;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silver - <a href="/wiki/Waters_Corporation" title="Waters Corporation">Waters Corp.</a> - Full Spectrum Molecular Imaging integrating MALDI, DESI, and ion mobility mass spectrometry techniques and informatics workflows into a single system&#160;;<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bronze – Grenova LLC - TipNovus bench-top, high throughput washing device<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>2014</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold - <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Texas Instruments Inc.">Texas Instruments Inc.</a> - DLP4500NIR and the DLP NIRscan chip-based NIR polychromator and evaluation module;<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silver - Waters Corp. - AQUITY QDa mass detector for chromatography;<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bronze – AB Sciex LLC - CESI-MS system using capillary electrophoresis combined with electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>2013</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold - Senova Systems - pHit Scanner calibration-free pH meter;<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silver - <a href="/wiki/Optofluidics" title="Optofluidics">Optofluidics</a> - Molecular NanoTweezer microscope attachment;<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bronze – APIX Technology - miniaturised gas chromatography system,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and PIE Photonics - Pie-in-a-Box passive interferometer engine.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>2012</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold - Waters - ACQUITY UPC (UltraPerformance Convergence Chromatography);<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silver - <a href="/wiki/Bruker" title="Bruker">Bruker</a> - SCION TQ triple quadrupole GC/MS instrument;<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bronze – Protea Biosciences - DP1000 direct ion source for mass spectrometry.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>2011</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold - <a href="/wiki/LECO_Corporation" title="LECO Corporation">LECO</a> - Citius LC-MS;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and WITec - True Surface Microscopy Raman spectrometer;<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Silver - <a href="/wiki/Merck_Millipore" title="Merck Millipore">EMD Millipore</a> - Samplicity filtration system;<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Bronze – AstraNet - AstraGene Life Sciences spectrophotometer.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>2010</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold - Affinity Biosensors - Archimedes particle sizing instrument;</li> <li>Silver - Ametek - Spectro MS simultaneous inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometer;</li> <li>Bronze – MSI Tokyo - InfiTOF compact time-of-flight mass spectrometer.</li></ul> <p><b>2009</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold - <a href="/wiki/InXitu" title="InXitu">InXitu</a> - Terra portable XRF/XRD system;</li> <li>Silver - Picarro Inc/OI Analytical - iTOC-CRDS Isotopic Carbon Analyzer;</li> <li>Bronze – Shimadzu Corp - IG-1000 Single Nano Particle Size Analyzer.</li></ul> <p><b>2008</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold – Bruker Corp - SMART X2S automated X-ray diffractometer;</li> <li>Silver - Nlisis BV - Meltfit One capillary column connector;</li> <li>Bronze - Bruker Corp - Portable S2 PICOFOX total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer.</li></ul> <p><b>2007</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold - Waters Corp - Synapt high definition mass spectrometer;</li> <li>Silver - <a href="/wiki/Paraytec" title="Paraytec">Paraytec Ltd</a> - ActiPix D100 and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc - Electron-Transfer Dissociation module for mass spectrometry;</li> <li>Bronze - Bruker Optics - Alpha FT-IR spectrometer.</li></ul> <p><b>2006</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold - Thermo Electron Corp - Finnigan LTQ Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer;</li> <li>Silver - Chata Biosystems Inc - Chem+Mix;</li> <li>Bronze – Cerno Bioscience – MassWorks.</li></ul> <p><b>2005</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold – JEOL Ltd - DART (direct analysis real-time) ionisation technology for mass spectrometry;</li> <li>Silver - ESA Biosciences Inc – Corona CAD charged aerosol detector, Dionex Corp - ICS-3000 Reagent-free research-grade ion chromatography system and Shimadzu Corp - LC/MS-IT-TOF;</li> <li>Bronze - Agilent Technologies Inc - HPLC-Chip ESI/MS.</li></ul> <p><b>2004</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold - Waters Corp - ACQUITY UPLC and Bruker Optics Inc / Teraview Ltd- TPI Spectra 1000;</li> <li>Silver - Wyatt Technology Corporation - Optilab rEX;</li> <li>Bronze - Axsun Technologies Inc - Miniature NIR-APS analyzers.</li></ul> <p><b>2003</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold - <a href="/wiki/Dionex_Corp" class="mw-redirect" title="Dionex Corp">Dionex Corp</a> - ICS 2000 Reagent-Free ion chromatography system;</li> <li>Silver - Thermo Electron Corp - Finnigan LTQ hybrid ion-trap FTMS;</li> <li>Bronze - LECO Corp - ChromaTOF software and Ionalytics - Selectra dynamic ion filter.</li></ul> <p><b>2002</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold – Horiba Jobin-Yvon Inc - LabRam IR and Thermo Labsystems - eRecordManager software;</li> <li>Silver - Ultrasonic Scientific - HR-US 101;</li> <li>Bronze – JEOL Ltd - AccuTOF mass spectrometer.</li></ul> <p><b>2001</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold – Merck KGaA - Chromolith <a href="/wiki/Monolithic_HPLC_columns" class="mw-redirect" title="Monolithic HPLC columns">monolithic HPLC columns</a>;</li> <li>Silver – Siemens AG - Advance Quantra FTICR mass spectrometer</li> <li>Bronze - CEM Corp - SMART Trac and Syagen Technology - Radiance Pro quadrupole ion trap TOF MS.</li></ul> <p><b>2000</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold – Agilent Technologies Inc - 2100 Bioanalyzer;</li> <li>Silver – Beckman Corp / ThermoQuest - P/ACE MDQ capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometer;</li> <li>Bronze – Textron Inc - NIR Grain analyzer.</li></ul> <p><b>1999</b>:<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Gold - <a href="/wiki/PerkinElmer" title="PerkinElmer">PerkinElmer</a> <a href="/wiki/SCIEX" title="SCIEX">SCIEX</a> - ELAN 6100 DRC ICP-MS;</li> <li>Silver - Bear Instruments Inc - Kodiak 1200 benchtop MS-MS;</li> <li>Bronze – ThermoQuest Corp - Finnigan LCQ Deca ion trap MS.</li></ul> <p><b>1998</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold - TA Instruments Inc / Topometrix Corp - micro-TA;</li> <li>Silver - Dionex Corp - EG40 eluent generator;</li> <li>Bronze - Thermedics Detection Inc - EZ Flash GC retrofit/upgrade system.</li></ul> <p><b>1997</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold – Micromass Ltd - Platform ICP-MS;</li> <li>Silver - Hewlett-Packard Co - Genearray optical reader;</li> <li>Bronze - PerSeptive Biosystems Inc - Mariner LC-MS.</li></ul> <p><b>1996</b>: </p> <ul><li>Gold – Thermedics Inc - Flash 2D GC;</li> <li>Silver - Hewlett-Packard Co - Series 1100 HPLC;</li> <li>Bronze - Varian Inc - Saturn 2000 GC-MS.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pittcon_Editors%27_Awards&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pittcon.org/">"Home - 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April 4, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ChromatoGraphyOnline.com&amp;rft.atitle=2011+Pittcon+Editors%27+Awards&amp;rft.date=2011-04-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chromatographyonline.com%2Fview%2Fpittcon-editors-awards&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leco.com/">"LECO Corporation - analytical instrumentation, mass spectrometers, metallography and optical equipment"</a>. <i>www.leco.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.leco.com&amp;rft.atitle=LECO+Corporation+-+analytical+instrumentation%2C+mass+spectrometers%2C+metallography+and+optical+equipment&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leco.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGermany" class="citation web cs1">Germany, WITec Wissenschaftliche Instrumente und Technologie GmbH, Ulm. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.witec.de/products/raman/">"Raman -- WITec Raman Imaging"</a>. <i>www.witec.de</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.witec.de&amp;rft.atitle=Raman+--+WITec+Raman+Imaging&amp;rft.aulast=Germany&amp;rft.aufirst=WITec+Wissenschaftliche+Instrumente+und+Technologie+GmbH%2C+Ulm&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.witec.de%2Fproducts%2Framan%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150408205517/http://www.merckmillipore.com/GB/en/life-science-research/chromatography-sample-preparation/filtration-products/Samplicity-Filtration-System/JWKb.qB.zCcAAAFB4BZlvzJG,nav">"Samplicity Filtration System &#124; Life Science Research &#124; Merck Millipore"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.merckmillipore.com/GB/en/life-science-research/chromatography-sample-preparation/filtration-products/Samplicity-Filtration-System/JWKb.qB.zCcAAAFB4BZlvzJG,nav">the original</a> on 2015-04-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-04-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Samplicity+Filtration+System+%26%23124%3B+Life+Science+Research+%26%23124%3B+Merck+Millipore&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.merckmillipore.com%2FGB%2Fen%2Flife-science-research%2Fchromatography-sample-preparation%2Ffiltration-products%2FSamplicity-Filtration-System%2FJWKb.qB.zCcAAAFB4BZlvzJG%2Cnav&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astranetsystems.com/products/">"Products - Astranet"</a>. <i>astranetsystems.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=astranetsystems.com&amp;rft.atitle=Products+-+Astranet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastranetsystems.com%2Fproducts%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oocities.org/shitmadzu/awards08.htm">"2008 Pittcon Editors' Awards"</a>. <i>OOcities.org</i>. March 6, 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=OOcities.org&amp;rft.atitle=2008+Pittcon+Editors%27+Awards&amp;rft.date=2008-03-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oocities.org%2Fshitmadzu%2Fawards08.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.outsourcing-pharma.com/Article/2007/03/09/Pittcon-Editors-Awards-2007">"2007 Pittcon-Editors' Awards"</a>. <i>Outsourcing-Pharma.com</i>. Mar 7, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Outsourcing-Pharma.com&amp;rft.atitle=2007+Pittcon-Editors%27+Awards&amp;rft.date=2007-03-07&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.outsourcing-pharma.com%2FArticle%2F2007%2F03%2F09%2FPittcon-Editors-Awards-2007&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oocities.org/tokyo/subway/3436/awards99.htm">"1999 Pittcon Editors' Awards"</a>. <i>OOcities.org</i>. May 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=OOcities.org&amp;rft.atitle=1999+Pittcon+Editors%27+Awards&amp;rft.date=1999-05&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.oocities.org%2Ftokyo%2Fsubway%2F3436%2Fawards99.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APittcon+Editors%27+Awards" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐69c974fc68‐hcmzp Cached time: 20241228172337 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.314 seconds Real time usage: 0.372 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 1459/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 67553/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6183/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 105374/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.192/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6701400/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 322.157 1 -total 54.48% 175.516 1 Template:Reflist 45.87% 147.787 29 Template:Cite_web 32.08% 103.354 1 Template:Multiple_issues 15.74% 50.699 3 Template:Ambox 14.58% 46.959 1 Template:Cite_check 6.99% 22.529 1 Template:Convert 2.95% 9.508 1 Template:COI 2.42% 7.789 1 Template:Unreferenced_section 1.59% 5.120 1 Template:Unreferenced --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255103:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228172337 and revision id 1254508549. 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Philippine presidential inauguration
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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Swearing into office of the President-elect of the Philippines</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_(PNA)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a> taking the oath of office at <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)">National Museum of Fine Arts</a> on June 30, 2022</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>inauguration of the president of the Republic of the Philippines</b> is a ceremony marking the commencement of the six-year term of a <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Philippines">president of the Philippines</a>, who is both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. The inauguration is performed on June 30, as mandated by the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Philippines" title="Constitution of the Philippines">1987 Constitution</a>. Under the older <a href="/wiki/1935_Constitution_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1935 Constitution of the Philippines">1935 Constitution</a>, the date was December 30, which is also <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Day" title="Rizal Day">Rizal Day</a>; the last inauguration held on the older date was <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a>' <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">second one</a> on December 30, 1969. The <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos">most recent public presidential inauguration ceremony</a> was that of President <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>, who began his six-year term in office on Thursday, June 30, 2022. </p><p>The only inauguration element mandated by the Constitution is that the <a href="/wiki/President-elect" class="mw-redirect" title="President-elect">president-elect</a> takes the oath, or makes an <a href="/wiki/Affirmation_(law)" title="Affirmation (law)">affirmation</a>, before that person can "enter on the execution" of the office of the presidency. Over the years, various unofficial traditions have arisen that have expanded the inauguration from a simple oath-taking ceremony to a day-long event, including parades, speeches, and balls. </p><p>When a new president takes over mid-term due to the death, resignation, or deposition of another president, the oath of office is administered as soon as possible, and due to the sudden nature of such an event, formal public celebrations are not held. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inauguration_rites">Inauguration rites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Inauguration rites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuel_L_Quezon_Malaca%C3%B1ang_stairs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Manuel_L_Quezon_Malaca%C3%B1ang_stairs.jpg/220px-Manuel_L_Quezon_Malaca%C3%B1ang_stairs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Manuel_L_Quezon_Malaca%C3%B1ang_stairs.jpg/330px-Manuel_L_Quezon_Malaca%C3%B1ang_stairs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Manuel_L_Quezon_Malaca%C3%B1ang_stairs.jpg/440px-Manuel_L_Quezon_Malaca%C3%B1ang_stairs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="707" /></a><figcaption>Manuel L. Quezon climbs up the Malacañang Palace stairs for the first time as President of the Philippines in 1935.</figcaption></figure> <p>The ceremony since 1992 traditionally begins with the president-elect fetching the incumbent in <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a> on the morning of June 30. At the Palace's State Entrance, the president-elect will wait for the incumbent to descend the Grand Staircase. Upon meeting at the foot of the staircase, the president-elect would greet the incumbent. </p><p>Both travel to the Quirino Grandstand aboard any of the presidential cars. Following protocol, the outgoing president takes the back right-hand seat of the vehicle, while the president-elect is seated behind the chauffeur. At the Grandstand's parade grounds, the outgoing president will be welcomed with arrival honors, and then <a href="/wiki/Handshake" title="Handshake">shake hands</a> with the president-elect. The outgoing president conducts a final <a href="/wiki/Military_parade" title="Military parade">troop review</a> and is presented to the public before departing the Grandstand aboard their own private vehicle. <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> broke the custom of leaving the Grandstand immediately, choosing instead to stay until the end of <a href="/wiki/Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Fidel Ramos">Fidel Ramos</a>'s inaugural speech. Ramos also attended the oath-taking of Joseph Estrada and the inaugural ceremonies. </p><p>The inauguration proper then begins with the singing of the <a href="/wiki/Lupang_Hinirang" title="Lupang Hinirang">national anthem</a>. An ecumenical invocation follows, led by leaders of the different <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Philippines" title="Religion in the Philippines">major religions of the Philippines</a>, followed by a patriotic musical piece by a musical ensemble. Afterward, the <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Senate_of_the_Philippines" title="President of the Senate of the Philippines">president of the Senate of the Philippines</a> reads the Joint Resolution of the Joint Congressional Board of Canvassers proclaiming the newly elected president and vice president. Since the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines_(1946%E2%80%931965)" title="History of the Philippines (1946–1965)">Third Republic</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_Philippines" title="Vice President of the Philippines">vice-president</a>-elect is sworn in before the president-elect to immediately secure the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_presidential_line_of_succession" title="Philippine presidential line of succession">line of succession</a>. During his inauguration, President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a> took the oath of office first to mark a "new start".<sup id="cite_ref-pangulo.ph_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pangulo.ph-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As mandated by the Constitution, the president-elect then takes the oath of office at exactly 12:00 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Standard_Time" title="Philippine Standard Time">PST</a> (<a href="/wiki/GMT%2B8" class="mw-redirect" title="GMT+8">GMT+8</a>); in 2010, President-elect Aquino did not await noon, he instead took his oath moments after Vice-President-elect Binay finished doing so. The oath is customarily administered by the <a href="/wiki/Chief_Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines">Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Philippines</a>, but that is not required.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Due to political differences, Benigno Aquino III instead had then-Associate Justice <a href="/wiki/Conchita_Carpio-Morales" title="Conchita Carpio-Morales">Conchita Carpio-Morales</a> administer the oath instead of then-Chief Justice <a href="/wiki/Renato_Corona" title="Renato Corona">Renato Corona</a>. A <a href="/wiki/21-gun_salute" title="21-gun salute">21-gun salute</a> is then immediately fired, followed by four <a href="/wiki/Ruffles_and_flourishes" title="Ruffles and flourishes">ruffles and flourishes</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Honors_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Honors music">Presidential Anthem</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/We_Say_Mabuhay" title="We Say Mabuhay">We Say Mabuhay</a></i>, is played in honor of the new president, followed by the presidential <a href="/wiki/Personal_anthem" title="Personal anthem">honors music</a> <i>Marangal na Parangal</i> (Glorious Honors). </p><p>The new president then delivers an <a href="/wiki/Inaugural_address" class="mw-redirect" title="Inaugural address">inaugural address</a>. Previous inaugurations also saw a full military and civil parade in the same manner as the Independence Day celebrations on 12 June (similar to the US Inaugural Parades) right after the address. From the late 1940s to the late 1960s, similar parades were also held on <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Day" title="Rizal Day">Rizal Day</a> on 30 December as well and to ring in the New Year's celebrations that would start <a href="/wiki/New_Year%27s_Eve" title="New Year&#39;s Eve">the day after</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Blood_Compact_by_Juan_Luna.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_Blood_Compact_by_Juan_Luna.jpg/220px-The_Blood_Compact_by_Juan_Luna.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_Blood_Compact_by_Juan_Luna.jpg/330px-The_Blood_Compact_by_Juan_Luna.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/The_Blood_Compact_by_Juan_Luna.jpg/440px-The_Blood_Compact_by_Juan_Luna.jpg 2x" data-file-width="794" data-file-height="670" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/The_Blood_Compact" title="The Blood Compact">The Blood Compact</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a> is displayed at the top of the <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a>'s grand staircase and welcomes the incoming president every inauguration.</figcaption></figure> <p>The new president then returns to Malacañang Palace to formally take possession of the residence.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This formal entry is symbolized by the president ascending the Grand Staircase and proceeding to the Ceremonial Hall. <a href="/wiki/Juan_Luna" title="Juan Luna">Juan Luna</a>'s painting, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Blood_Compact" title="The Blood Compact">The Blood Compact</a></i>, is currently displayed at the top of the Staircase. The president then inducts the new Cabinet on the same day and holds its first meeting immediately after. </p><p>In the evening, an inaugural reception is held for other officials and foreign dignitaries who wish to call on the new president. The customary banquets of either a <i><a href="/wiki/Vin_d%27honneur" title="Vin d&#39;honneur">vin d'honneur</a></i> or an inaugural ball were abolished in an effort to revert to the pre-<a href="/wiki/Martial_Law_in_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial Law in the Philippines">martial law</a> practice of simpler official receptions. The last inaugural ball was held in 1981 for Ferdinand Marcos' third inauguration, which was also the last time the <i>Rigodon de Honor</i> (a Hispanic dance analogous to a <a href="/wiki/Court_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Court dance">court dance</a>) was performed; it was again danced on the <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(Philippines)" title="Independence Day (Philippines)">Independence Day</a> celebrations of 2009. The president concludes the ceremonies with a toast, as a gesture of amity towards states that maintain diplomatic ties with the Philippines.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Date">Date</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Date"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The new president is to be inaugurated at noon of June 30 as currently mandated by the <a href="/wiki/1987_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Constitution">1987 Constitution</a>, but past ceremonies were held on different dates.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The first president, <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a>, was inaugurated on January 23, 1899, while presidents under the <a href="/wiki/1935_Constitution_of_the_Philippines" class="mw-redirect" title="1935 Constitution of the Philippines">1935 Constitution</a> were inaugurated at noon of <a href="/wiki/Rizal_Day" title="Rizal Day">Rizal Day</a> (December 30). Only two presidents under the 1935 Constitution were not inaugurated on December 30, namely <a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a>. Ferdinand Marcos changed the inauguration date to the present June 30, while his successors <a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> were inaugurated on February 25, 1986, and January 20, 2001, respectively, Aquino after the <a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">People Power Revolution</a> and Arroyo after the <a href="/wiki/Second_EDSA_Revolution" title="Second EDSA Revolution">Second EDSA Revolution</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location">Location</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Location"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Quirino_Grandstand_(Manila;_01-01-2020)_wiki.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Quirino_Grandstand_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29_wiki.jpg/220px-Quirino_Grandstand_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29_wiki.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Quirino_Grandstand_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29_wiki.jpg/330px-Quirino_Grandstand_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29_wiki.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Quirino_Grandstand_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29_wiki.jpg/440px-Quirino_Grandstand_%28Manila%3B_01-01-2020%29_wiki.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a> is where most inaugurations have taken place.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nine inaugurations have been held at the <a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Luneta" class="mw-redirect" title="Luneta">Luneta</a>, namely Quirino (1949), Magsaysay (1953), Garcia (December 1957), Macapagal (1961), Marcos (1965, 1969, 1981), Ramos (1992) and Aquino III (2010).<sup id="cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malacanang-protocol-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Presidents Estrada and Arroyo only delivered their inaugural addresses there. To date, Estrada and Arroyo were the only presidents to take the oath of office and inaugural addresses in two different locations. </p><p>Other presidents, namely Aguinaldo and Estrada, were inaugurated at the <a href="/wiki/Barasoain_Church" title="Barasoain Church">Barasoain Church</a> in Malolos, Bulacan; Quezon, Laurel, Roxas and Marcos Jr. were inaugurated in front of the Legislative Building (renamed as the National Museum of Fine Arts when Marcos Jr. was inaugurated); and Aquino in <a href="/wiki/Club_Filipino" title="Club Filipino">Club Filipino</a>, Greenhills, San Juan, Metro Manila.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Marcos was inaugurated in Maharlika Hall, Malacañang Palace in 1986, and Duterte was inaugurated in the Rizal Hall, Malacañang Palace in 2016. Arroyo took her first oath as president at the EDSA Shrine in <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>. Osmeña, who assumed the presidency upon the death of his predecessor Manuel L. Quezon, took his oath of office in Washington D.C. Quirino and Garcia took their first oath of office in the Quirino Council of State Room of the <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a> following the death of their predecessors. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>List of venues that hosted inaugurations </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Times hosted </th> <th>Venue </th> <th>Location </th> <th>Ceremonies </th></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Independence Grandstand</a> / <a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Manuel_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Manuel Roxas">1946</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Elpidio_Quirino" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Elpidio Quirino">1949</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Ramon_Magsaysay" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Ramon Magsaysay">1953</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Carlos_P._Garcia" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia">1957</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Diosdado_Macapagal" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Diosdado Macapagal">1961</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1965</a>, <a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1969</a>, <a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Third inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1981</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Fidel Ramos">1992</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Inauguration of Benigno Aquino III">2010</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Elpidio_Quirino" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Elpidio Quirino">1948</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Carlos_P._Garcia" title="First inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia">1957</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Fourth inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1986</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte">2016</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Building_(Manila)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legislative Building (Manila)">Legislative Building</a> / <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)">National Museum of Fine Arts</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">1935</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jose_P._Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Jose P. Laurel">1943</a>, <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Manuel_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Manuel Roxas">1946</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos">2022</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barasoain_Church" title="Barasoain Church">Barasoain Church</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_inauguration_of_Emilio_Aguinaldo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Second inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo (page does not exist)">1899</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Inauguration of Joseph Estrada">1998</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Third inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">1943</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Sergio Osmeña">1944</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diocesan_Shrine_of_Saint_Augustine" title="Diocesan Shrine of Saint Augustine">Holy Cross Parish Church</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_de_Malabon" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz de Malabon">Santa Cruz de Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_inauguration_of_Emilio_Aguinaldo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="First inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo (page does not exist)">1897</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malinta_Tunnel" title="Malinta Tunnel">Malinta Tunnel</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corregidor" title="Corregidor">Corregidor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">1941</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Club_Filipino" title="Club Filipino">Club Filipino</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, Metro Manila </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Corazon_Aquino" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Corazon Aquino">1986</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/EDSA_Shrine" title="EDSA Shrine">EDSA Shrine</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a>, Metro Manila </td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2001</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Provincial_Capitol" title="Cebu Provincial Capitol">Cebu Provincial Capitol</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Second inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2004</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Attendees">Attendees</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Attendees"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In addition to the general public, the following are the attendants of the inauguration: </p> <ul><li>The president and vice president elect and their immediate families.</li> <li>Members of <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine Congress">Congress</a>.</li> <li>Members of the <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_the_Philippines" title="Cabinet of the Philippines">President's Cabinet</a>.</li> <li>The Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_Philippines" title="Supreme Court of the Philippines">Supreme Court</a>.</li> <li>Local officials</li> <li>Representatives of different civil organizations.</li> <li>Members of the Diplomatic Corps.</li> <li>Usually the outgoing president and vice-president.</li> <li>Choir, orchestra, and other musical performers.</li> <li>Representatives of the various religions of the country.</li> <li>Security and uniformed personnel headed by the <a href="/wiki/Presidential_Security_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential Security Group">Presidential Security Group</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_band" title="Military band">Military band</a>, <a href="/wiki/Honor_guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Honor guard">honor guard</a>, and the uniformed personnel from the <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_the_Philippines" title="Armed Forces of the Philippines">Armed Forces of the Philippines</a>.</li></ul> <p>If a civil-military parade follows the speech the format is the same as in the Independence Day parades, with the AFP first, with the units of the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_National_Police" title="Philippine National Police">Philippine National Police</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Fire_Protection" title="Bureau of Fire Protection">Bureau of Fire Protection</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_Coast_Guard" title="Philippine Coast Guard">Philippine Coast Guard</a> following them and later by civilian marchers representing the government, private sector, youth and youth uniformed organizations, national athletes and the representatives of the nation's religious sector and its various ethnic nationalities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ceremonial">Ceremonial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Ceremonial"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oath_of_office">Oath of office</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Oath of office"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm/220px--Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="130" data-mwtitle="Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/d/d5/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm/Inauguration_of_President_Rodrigo_Roa_Duterte_6_30_2016-uH80-bjOBnM.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Video of <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> taking <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte">his oath of office</a> as the 16th president of the Philippines on June 30, 2016.</figcaption></figure><p> Under Article VII, Section 5 of the <a href="/wiki/1987_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="1987 Constitution">1987 Constitution</a>, before the president and vice-president can<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>SECTION 5. ...enter on the execution of their office, the President, the Vice-President, or the Acting President shall take the following oath or affirmation:</i> “I, _________ do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully and conscientiously fulfill my duties as President (or Vice-President or Acting President) of the Philippines, preserve and defend its Constitution, execute its laws, do justice to every man, and consecrate myself to the service of the Nation. So help me God.” (In case of affirmation, last sentence will be omitted.)<i></i></p></blockquote> <p>The oath from the <a href="/wiki/Filipino_language" title="Filipino language">Filipino</a> version of the Constitution was used for the inaugurations of Presidents <a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Estrada</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno Aquino III</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a>: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p><i>Ako, si _______________, ay taimtim kong pinanunumpaan [o pinatotohanan] na tutuparin ko nang buong katapatan at sigasig ang aking mga tungkulin bilang Pangulo [o Pangalawang Pangulo o Nanunungkulang Pangulo] ng Pilipinas, pangangalagaan at ipagtatanggol ang kanyang Konstitusyon, ipatutupad ang mga batas nito, magiging makatarungan sa bawat tao, at itatalaga ang aking sarili sa paglilingkod sa Bansa. <a href="/wiki/So_help_me_God" title="So help me God">Kasihan nawa ako ng Diyos</a>.</i> [<i>Kapag pagpapatotoo, ang huling pangungusap ay kakaltasin.</i>]<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inaugural_address">Inaugural address</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Inaugural address"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/38px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original text related to this article: <div style="margin-left: 10px;"><b><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Portal:Inaugural_Speeches_by_Philippine_Presidents" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Portal:Inaugural Speeches by Philippine Presidents">Portal:Inaugural Speeches by Philippine Presidents</a></b></div></div></div> </div> <p>Every president since <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a> delivered an inaugural address. Presidents, who became president upon the death of their predecessor, also delivered an address. It is usually delivered after the new president took the oath of office. However, President <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> delivered the inaugural address first at the <a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a> and then took the oath of office in <a href="/wiki/Cebu" title="Cebu">Cebu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuel_Quezon_first_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Manuel L. Quezon, 1935."><img alt="Inauguration of President Manuel L. Quezon, 1935." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Manuel_Quezon_first_inauguration.jpg/97px-Manuel_Quezon_first_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="97" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Manuel_Quezon_first_inauguration.jpg/145px-Manuel_Quezon_first_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Manuel_Quezon_first_inauguration.jpg/194px-Manuel_Quezon_first_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="582" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Manuel L. Quezon, 1935.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jose_P_Laurel_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Jose P. Laurel, 1943."><img alt="Inauguration of President Jose P. Laurel, 1943." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jose_P_Laurel_inauguration.jpg/120px-Jose_P_Laurel_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jose_P_Laurel_inauguration.jpg/180px-Jose_P_Laurel_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Jose_P_Laurel_inauguration.jpg/240px-Jose_P_Laurel_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="386" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Jose P. Laurel, 1943.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sergio_Osmena_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Sergio Osmeña, 1944."><img alt="Inauguration of President Sergio Osmeña, 1944." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Sergio_Osmena_inauguration.jpg/120px-Sergio_Osmena_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Sergio_Osmena_inauguration.jpg/180px-Sergio_Osmena_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Sergio_Osmena_inauguration.jpg/240px-Sergio_Osmena_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2065" data-file-height="1544" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Sergio Osmeña, 1944.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ManuelRoxasfirstinauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First inauguration of President Manuel Roxas, 1946."><img alt="First inauguration of President Manuel Roxas, 1946." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManuelRoxasfirstinauguration.jpg/120px-ManuelRoxasfirstinauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManuelRoxasfirstinauguration.jpg/180px-ManuelRoxasfirstinauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/ManuelRoxasfirstinauguration.jpg/240px-ManuelRoxasfirstinauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="565" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First inauguration of President Manuel Roxas, 1946.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Inauguration of President Manuel Roxas, 1946."><img alt="Second Inauguration of President Manuel Roxas, 1946." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg/120px-Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="74" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg/180px-Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg/240px-Manuelroxasinaguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1152" data-file-height="712" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second Inauguration of President Manuel Roxas, 1946.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Qurinoinugration1948.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First Inauguration of President Elpidio Quirino, 1948."><img alt="First Inauguration of President Elpidio Quirino, 1948." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Qurinoinugration1948.jpg/120px-Qurinoinugration1948.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Qurinoinugration1948.jpg/180px-Qurinoinugration1948.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Qurinoinugration1948.jpg/240px-Qurinoinugration1948.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="483" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First Inauguration of President Elpidio Quirino, 1948.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Quirino1949Inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Inauguration of President Elpidio Quirino, 1949."><img alt="Second Inauguration of President Elpidio Quirino, 1949." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Quirino1949Inauguration.jpg/120px-Quirino1949Inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Quirino1949Inauguration.jpg/180px-Quirino1949Inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Quirino1949Inauguration.jpg/240px-Quirino1949Inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="553" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second Inauguration of President Elpidio Quirino, 1949.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ramon_Magsaysay_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Ramon Magsaysay, 1953."><img alt="Inauguration of President Ramon Magsaysay, 1953." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ramon_Magsaysay_inauguration.jpg/120px-Ramon_Magsaysay_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ramon_Magsaysay_inauguration.jpg/180px-Ramon_Magsaysay_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ramon_Magsaysay_inauguration.jpg/240px-Ramon_Magsaysay_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1095" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Ramon Magsaysay, 1953.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlosgarcia1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957."><img alt="First Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carlosgarcia1957.jpg/120px-Carlosgarcia1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carlosgarcia1957.jpg/180px-Carlosgarcia1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Carlosgarcia1957.jpg/240px-Carlosgarcia1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlos_P_Garcia_second_inauguration,_1957.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957."><img alt="Second Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Carlos_P_Garcia_second_inauguration%2C_1957.jpg/120px-Carlos_P_Garcia_second_inauguration%2C_1957.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Carlos_P_Garcia_second_inauguration%2C_1957.jpg/180px-Carlos_P_Garcia_second_inauguration%2C_1957.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Carlos_P_Garcia_second_inauguration%2C_1957.jpg/240px-Carlos_P_Garcia_second_inauguration%2C_1957.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second Inauguration of President Carlos P. García, 1957.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Diosdado_Macapagal_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Diosdado Macapagal, 1961."><img alt="Inauguration of President Diosdado Macapagal, 1961." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Diosdado_Macapagal_inauguration.jpg/120px-Diosdado_Macapagal_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Diosdado_Macapagal_inauguration.jpg/180px-Diosdado_Macapagal_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Diosdado_Macapagal_inauguration.jpg/240px-Diosdado_Macapagal_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="785" data-file-height="705" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Diosdado Macapagal, 1961.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Marcos_second_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First Inauguration of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, 1965."><img alt="First Inauguration of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, 1965." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ferdinand_Marcos_second_inauguration.jpg/120px-Ferdinand_Marcos_second_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ferdinand_Marcos_second_inauguration.jpg/180px-Ferdinand_Marcos_second_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Ferdinand_Marcos_second_inauguration.jpg/240px-Ferdinand_Marcos_second_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2585" data-file-height="1888" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First Inauguration of President Ferdinand E. Marcos, 1965.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_Inaugural.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1969."><img alt="Second inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1969." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_Inaugural.jpg/120px-Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_Inaugural.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_Inaugural.jpg/180px-Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_Inaugural.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_Inaugural.jpg/240px-Ferdinand_Marcos_1969_Inaugural.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="828" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1969.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:FerdinandMarcos1981Oath.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Third inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1981."><img alt="Third inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1981." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/FerdinandMarcos1981Oath.jpg/120px-FerdinandMarcos1981Oath.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/FerdinandMarcos1981Oath.jpg/180px-FerdinandMarcos1981Oath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/FerdinandMarcos1981Oath.jpg/240px-FerdinandMarcos1981Oath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1349" data-file-height="946" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Third inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1981.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ferdinand_Marcos_1986_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Fourth inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1986."><img alt="Fourth inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1986." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ferdinand_Marcos_1986_inauguration.jpg/120px-Ferdinand_Marcos_1986_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ferdinand_Marcos_1986_inauguration.jpg/180px-Ferdinand_Marcos_1986_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Ferdinand_Marcos_1986_inauguration.jpg/240px-Ferdinand_Marcos_1986_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1999" data-file-height="1193" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Fourth inauguration of President Ferdinand Marcos, 1986.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Corazon Aquino, 1986."><img alt="Inauguration of President Corazon Aquino, 1986." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg/120px-Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg/180px-Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg/240px-Corazon_Aquino_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="670" data-file-height="460" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Corazon Aquino, 1986.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fidel_Ramos_Inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Fidel V. Ramos, 1992."><img alt="Inauguration of President Fidel V. Ramos, 1992." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fidel_Ramos_Inauguration.jpg/84px-Fidel_Ramos_Inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fidel_Ramos_Inauguration.jpg/126px-Fidel_Ramos_Inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Fidel_Ramos_Inauguration.jpg/168px-Fidel_Ramos_Inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1684" data-file-height="2397" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Fidel V. Ramos, 1992.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arroyo_First_Oath.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="First Inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001."><img alt="First Inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arroyo_First_Oath.jpg/120px-Arroyo_First_Oath.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arroyo_First_Oath.jpg/180px-Arroyo_First_Oath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Arroyo_First_Oath.jpg/240px-Arroyo_First_Oath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="675" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">First Inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2001.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Arroyo_inauguration.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Second Inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2004."><img alt="Second Inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2004." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Arroyo_inauguration.jpg/120px-Arroyo_inauguration.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Arroyo_inauguration.jpg/180px-Arroyo_inauguration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Arroyo_inauguration.jpg/240px-Arroyo_inauguration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Second Inauguration of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, 2004.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Benigno Aquino III, 2010."><img alt="Inauguration of President Benigno Aquino III, 2010." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III.jpg/120px-Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III.jpg/180px-Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III.jpg/240px-Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="493" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Benigno Aquino III, 2010.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rodrigo_Duterte_oath_taking_6.30.16.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Rodrigo Duterte, 2016."><img alt="Inauguration of President Rodrigo Duterte, 2016." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rodrigo_Duterte_oath_taking_6.30.16.jpg/120px-Rodrigo_Duterte_oath_taking_6.30.16.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rodrigo_Duterte_oath_taking_6.30.16.jpg/180px-Rodrigo_Duterte_oath_taking_6.30.16.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Rodrigo_Duterte_oath_taking_6.30.16.jpg/240px-Rodrigo_Duterte_oath_taking_6.30.16.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1379" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Rodrigo Duterte, 2016.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_(PNA)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Inauguration of President Bongbong Marcos, 2022."><img alt="Inauguration of President Bongbong Marcos, 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/120px-Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="69" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/180px-Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/240px-Bongbong_Marcos_oath_taking_6.30.22_%28PNA%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1417" data-file-height="810" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Inauguration of President Bongbong Marcos, 2022.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_inaugural_ceremonies">List of inaugural ceremonies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: List of inaugural ceremonies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Note: Vice presidents-elect usually take the oath of office with the president-elect, but <a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Duterte</a> broke tradition by requesting then <a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Vice President-elect Leni Robredo</a> to hold inauguration rites separately.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The only other instance that the vice president was inaugurated separately was when <a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> succeeded to the presidency and nominated <a href="/wiki/Teofisto_Guingona" class="mw-redirect" title="Teofisto Guingona">Teofisto Guingona</a> as vice president. Guingona was confirmed by Congress on February 9, 2001, and took the oath of office the same day. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Date</th> <th>President</th> <th>Event</th> <th>Location</th> <th>Oath administered by<sup id="cite_ref-Chief_Justice_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chief_Justice-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></th> <th>Document sworn on</th> <th>Address</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>March 22, 1897</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo" title="Emilio Aguinaldo">Emilio Aguinaldo</a></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=First_inauguration_of_Emilio_Aguinaldo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="First inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo (page does not exist)">First inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo</a></td> <td>Holy Cross Parish Church, <a href="/wiki/Tanza" title="Tanza">Santa Cruz de Malabon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite" title="Cavite">Cavite</a></td> <td>Fr. Cenon Villafranca<sup id="cite_ref-Alvarez_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alvarez-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="11">none<sup id="cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malacanang-protocol-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td>none</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 23, 1899</td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_inauguration_of_Emilio_Aguinaldo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Second inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo (page does not exist)">Second inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barasoain_Church" title="Barasoain Church">Barasoain Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></td> <td>Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Apolinario_Mabini" title="Apolinario Mabini">Apolinario Mabini</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 15, 1935</td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_L._Quezon" title="Manuel L. Quezon">Manuel L. Quezon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">First inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Old_Legislative_Building_(Manila)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Legislative Building (Manila)">Legislative Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Avance%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramon Avanceña">Ramon Avanceña</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Manuel_Quezon%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Manuel Quezon&#39;s First Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Manuel Quezon&#39;s First Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Manuel Quezon&#39;s First Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 30, 1941</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">Second inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malinta_Tunnel" title="Malinta Tunnel">Malinta Tunnel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corregidor" title="Corregidor">Corregidor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cavite_City" title="Cavite City">Cavite City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Abad_Santos" title="José Abad Santos">José Abad Santos</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Manuel_Quezon%27s_Second_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Manuel Quezon&#39;s Second Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Manuel Quezon&#39;s Second Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Manuel Quezon&#39;s Second Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 15, 1943</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Third inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">Third inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, United States</td> <td>US Assoc. Justice <a href="/wiki/Felix_Frankfurter" title="Felix Frankfurter">Felix Frankfurter</a></td> <td>none</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 1, 1944</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" title="Sergio Osmeña">Sergio Osmeña</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Sergio Osmeña">Inauguration of Sergio Osmeña</a> <br /> <span style="font-size:85%;">(Extraordinary inauguration)</span></td> <td>US Assoc. Justice <a href="/wiki/Robert_H._Jackson" title="Robert H. Jackson">Robert H. Jackson</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a%27s_Inaugural_Remarks" class="extiw" title="s:Sergio Osmeña&#39;s Inaugural Remarks">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Sergio Osmeña&#39;s Inaugural Remarks&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Sergio Osmeña&#39;s Inaugural Remarks&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td>First of three vice presidents to assume the presidency upon the death of the president </td></tr> <tr> <td>October 14, 1943</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel" title="Jose P. Laurel">Jose P. Laurel</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jos%C3%A9_P._Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of José P. Laurel">Inauguration of José P. Laurel</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Old_Legislative_Building_(Manila)" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Legislative Building (Manila)">Legislative Building</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Yulo" title="José Yulo">José Yulo</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Jose_P._Laurel%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Jose P. Laurel&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Jose P. Laurel&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Jose P. Laurel&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 28, 1946<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Manuel_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Manuel Roxas">First inauguration of Manuel Roxas</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Moran" title="Manuel Moran">Manuel Moran</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Manuel_Roxas%27_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Manuel Roxas&#39; Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Manuel Roxas&#39; Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Manuel Roxas&#39; Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>July 4, 1946<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Manuel_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Manuel Roxas">Second inauguration of Manuel Roxas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Independence Grandstand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td>none</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>April 17, 1948<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino" title="Elpidio Quirino">Elpidio Quirino</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Elpidio_Quirino" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Elpidio Quirino">First inauguration of Elpidio Quirino</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Extraordinary inauguration)</span></td> <td>Council of State Room, Executive Building, <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></td> <td>Assoc. Justice <a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Paras" title="Ricardo Paras">Ricardo Paras</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino%27s_Inaugural_Remarks" class="extiw" title="s:Elpidio Quirino&#39;s Inaugural Remarks">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Elpidio Quirino&#39;s Inaugural Remarks&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Elpidio Quirino&#39;s Inaugural Remarks&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td>Second of three vice presidents to assume the presidency upon the death of the president </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 30, 1949<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Elpidio_Quirino" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Elpidio Quirino">Second inauguration of Elpidio Quirino</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Independence Grandstand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Moran" title="Manuel Moran">Manuel Moran</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Elpidio_Quirino%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Elpidio Quirino&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Elpidio Quirino&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Elpidio Quirino&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 30, 1953</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Ramon_Magsaysay" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Ramon Magsaysay">Inauguration of Ramon Magsaysay</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ricardo_Paras" title="Ricardo Paras">Ricardo Paras</a></td> <td>Two family bibles; one each from his mother and father's side<sup id="cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malacanang-protocol-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Ramon Magsaysay&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ramon Magsaysay&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ramon Magsaysay&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 18, 1957<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia" title="Carlos P. Garcia">Carlos P. Garcia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Carlos_P._Garcia" title="First inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia">First inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Extraordinary inauguration)</span></td> <td>Council of State Room, Executive Building, <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></td> <td>none</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia%27s_Inaugural_Remarks" class="extiw" title="s:Carlos P. Garcia&#39;s Inaugural Remarks">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Carlos P. Garcia&#39;s Inaugural Remarks&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Carlos P. Garcia&#39;s Inaugural Remarks&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td>Third of three vice presidents to assume the presidency upon the death of the president </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 30, 1957<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Carlos_P._Garcia" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia">Second inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Independence Grandstand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td rowspan="2">Closed family bible</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Carlos_P._Garcia%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Carlos P. Garcia&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Carlos P. Garcia&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Carlos P. Garcia&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 30, 1961</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal" title="Diosdado Macapagal">Diosdado Macapagal</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Diosdado_Macapagal" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Diosdado Macapagal">Inauguration of Diosdado Macapagal</a></td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Bengzon" title="César Bengzon">César Bengzon</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Diosdado_Macapagal%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Diosdado Macapagal&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Diosdado Macapagal&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Diosdado Macapagal&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 30, 1965</td> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">First inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos</a></td> <td>Two closed family bibles; one owned by his father <a href="/wiki/Mariano_Marcos" title="Mariano Marcos">Mariano</a> and one owned by his wife <a href="/wiki/Imelda_Marcos" title="Imelda Marcos">Imelda</a>.</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Ferdinand Marcos&#39; First Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ferdinand Marcos&#39; First Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ferdinand Marcos&#39; First Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 30, 1969</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">Second inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Concepcion" title="Roberto Concepcion">Roberto Concepcion</a></td> <td rowspan="2">none</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27_Second_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Ferdinand Marcos&#39; Second Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ferdinand Marcos&#39; Second Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ferdinand Marcos&#39; Second Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 12, 1978<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>h<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prime_Ministerial_confirmation_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Ministerial confirmation of Ferdinand Marcos">Prime Ministerial confirmation of Ferdinand Marcos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Batasang_Pambansa_Complex" title="Batasang Pambansa Complex">Batasang Pambansa Complex</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fred_Ruiz_Castro" title="Fred Ruiz Castro">Fred Ruiz Castro</a></td> <td>none</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 30, 1981</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Third inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">Third inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enrique_Fernando" title="Enrique Fernando">Enrique Fernando</a></td> <td>Two closed family bibles</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Emilio_Aguinaldo%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Emilio Aguinaldo&#39;s Inaugural Address"><small></small></a><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos%27_Third_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Ferdinand Marcos&#39; Third Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ferdinand Marcos&#39; Third Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Ferdinand Marcos&#39; Third Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 25, 1986<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>i<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Fourth inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">Fourth inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Extraordinary inauguration)</span></td> <td>Maharlika Hall, <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Aquino" title="Ramon Aquino">Ramon Aquino</a></td> <td>none</td> <td>none</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 25, 1986<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>j<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Corazon_Aquino" title="Corazon Aquino">Corazon Aquino</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">Inauguration of Corazon Aquino</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Extraordinary inauguration)</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Club_Filipino" title="Club Filipino">Club Filipino</a>, Greenhills, <a href="/wiki/San_Juan,_Metro_Manila" title="San Juan, Metro Manila">San Juan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metro_Manila" title="Metro Manila">Metro Manila</a></td> <td>Assoc. Justice <a href="/w/index.php?title=Claudio_Teehankee,_Sr.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Claudio Teehankee, Sr. (page does not exist)">Claudio Teehankee, Sr.</a></td> <td>Closed family bible; owned by Aurora Aquino, mother of <a href="/wiki/Ninoy_Aquino" title="Ninoy Aquino">Ninoy Aquino</a><sup id="cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-malacanang-protocol-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Corazon_Aquino%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Corazon Aquino&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Corazon Aquino&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Corazon Aquino&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 30, 1992</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Fidel V. Ramos">Fidel V. Ramos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Fidel_V._Ramos" title="Inauguration of Fidel V. Ramos">Inauguration of Fidel V. Ramos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Andres_Narvasa" title="Andres Narvasa">Andres Narvasa</a></td> <td rowspan="3">Closed family bible</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Fidel_Ramos%27_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Fidel Ramos&#39; Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Fidel Ramos&#39; Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Fidel Ramos&#39; Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 30, 1998</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Estrada" title="Joseph Estrada">Joseph Ejercito Estrada</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Inauguration of Joseph Estrada">Inauguration of Joseph Estrada</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Barasoain_Church" title="Barasoain Church">Barasoain Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malolos" title="Malolos">Malolos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bulacan" title="Bulacan">Bulacan</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Joseph_Estrada%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Joseph Estrada&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Joseph Estrada&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Joseph Estrada&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 20, 2001<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>k<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">First inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(Extraordinary inauguration)</span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/EDSA_Shrine" title="EDSA Shrine">EDSA Shrine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City" title="Quezon City">Quezon City</a></td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hilario_Davide,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Hilario Davide, Jr.">Hilario Davide, Jr.</a></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo&#39;s First Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Gloria Macapagal Arroyo&#39;s First Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Gloria Macapagal Arroyo&#39;s First Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 30, 2004<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>l<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Second inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">Second inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cebu_Provincial_Capitol" title="Cebu Provincial Capitol">Cebu Provincial Capitol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cebu_City" title="Cebu City">Cebu City</a></td> <td>Closed family bible; same one used by Diosdado Macapagal in 1961</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo%27s_Second_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Gloria Macapagal Arroyo&#39;s Second Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Gloria Macapagal Arroyo&#39;s Second Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Gloria Macapagal Arroyo&#39;s Second Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 30, 2010</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Benigno Aquino III">Benigno S. Aquino III</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Inauguration of Benigno Aquino III">Inauguration of Benigno Aquino III</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Quirino_Grandstand" title="Quirino Grandstand">Quirino Grandstand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td>Assoc. Justice <a href="/wiki/Conchita_Carpio-Morales" title="Conchita Carpio-Morales">Conchita Carpio-Morales</a></td> <td>Closed family bible; same one used by Corazon Aquino in 1986</td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Benigno_Aquino_III%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Benigno Aquino III&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Benigno Aquino III&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Benigno Aquino III&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 30, 2016</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Rodrigo Duterte">Rodrigo Roa Duterte</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte">Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte</a></td> <td>Rizal Hall, <a href="/wiki/Malaca%C3%B1ang_Palace" title="Malacañang Palace">Malacañang Palace</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td>Assoc. Justice <a href="/wiki/Bienvenido_L._Reyes" class="mw-redirect" title="Bienvenido L. Reyes">Bienvenido L. Reyes</a></td> <td>Family bible; owned by Rodrigo's mother, <a href="/wiki/Soledad_Duterte" title="Soledad Duterte">Soledad</a><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Rodrigo_Duterte%27s_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Rodrigo Duterte&#39;s Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Rodrigo Duterte&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Rodrigo Duterte&#39;s Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td>Vice President <a href="/wiki/Leni_Robredo" title="Leni Robredo">Leni Robredo</a> held a separate inauguration at <a href="/wiki/Quezon_City_Reception_House" title="Quezon City Reception House">Quezon City Reception House</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>June 30, 2022</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos" title="Bongbong Marcos">Bongbong Marcos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos">Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Fine_Arts_(Manila)" title="National Museum of Fine Arts (Manila)">National Museum of Fine Arts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manila" title="Manila">Manila</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Gesmundo" title="Alexander Gesmundo">Alexander Gesmundo</a></td> <td>Closed family bible used by his father <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Ferdinand Marcos">Ferdinand Marcos</a> during <a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1965 Presidential Inauguration</a><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bongbong_Marcos%27_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="s:Bongbong Marcos&#39; Inaugural Address">Full text</a>&#160;<span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource has information on &quot;Bongbong Marcos&#39; Inaugural Address&quot;"><img alt="Wikisource has information on &quot;Bongbong Marcos&#39; Inaugural Address&quot;" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/11px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/17px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/22px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td>Vice President <a href="/wiki/Sara_Duterte" title="Sara Duterte">Sara Duterte</a> held a separate inauguration at San Pedro Square in <a href="/wiki/Davao_City" title="Davao City">Davao City</a> on June 19, 2022 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Chief_Justice-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chief_Justice_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Individual named is the chief justice, unless otherwise indicated</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Commonwealth oath of office included a pledge of allegiance to the sovereignty of the United States</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">When the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a> was recognized on July 4, 1946, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Roxas</a> retook his oath of office again, without the pledge of allegiance, as befits the president of a sovereign nation</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Roxas" title="Manuel Roxas">Manuel Roxas</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon his election in 1949</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon the death of <a href="/wiki/Ramon_Magsaysay" title="Ramon Magsaysay">Ramon Magsaysay</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon his election in 1957</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Confirmed as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_Philippines" title="Prime Minister of the Philippines">Prime Minister</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon certification of <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_Elections_(Philippines)" title="Commission on Elections (Philippines)">COMELEC</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon certification of <a href="/wiki/NAMFREL" class="mw-redirect" title="NAMFREL">NAMFREL</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon the culmination of <a href="/wiki/EDSA_II" class="mw-redirect" title="EDSA II">EDSA II</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Upon her election in 2004</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pangulo.ph-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pangulo.ph_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQuezon" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Quezon_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Manuel Quezon III">Quezon, Manuel L. III</a> (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080706113153/http://www.pangulo.ph/">"Presidents of the Philippines"</a>. <i>The Philippine Presidency Project</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pangulo.ph/">the original</a> on July 6, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Presidency+Project&amp;rft.atitle=Presidents+of+the+Philippines&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pangulo.ph%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuezon_III" class="citation web cs1">Quezon III, Manuel L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.quezon.ph/2010/05/31/the-long-view-notes-for-the-coming-inaugural">"Notes for the coming inaugural"</a>. <i>The Long View</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Long+View&amp;rft.atitle=Notes+for+the+coming+inaugural&amp;rft.aulast=Quezon+III&amp;rft.aufirst=Manuel+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.quezon.ph%2F2010%2F05%2F31%2Fthe-long-view-notes-for-the-coming-inaugural&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malacanang.gov.ph/1582-the-possession-of-malacanan-palace/">The Possession of Malacañang Palace</a>, Presidential Museum and Library, June 30, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/01/12/briefer-on-the-vin-d-honneur/">"Briefer on the Vin d'honneur &#124; GOVPH"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Briefer+on+the+Vin+d%27honneur+%26%23124%3B+GOVPH&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialgazette.gov.ph%2F2012%2F01%2F12%2Fbriefer-on-the-vin-d-honneur%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chanrobles.com/article7.htm">"1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES - CHAN ROBLES VIRTUAL LAW LIBRARY"</a>. <i>www.chanrobles.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.chanrobles.com&amp;rft.atitle=1987+CONSTITUTION+OF+THE+REPUBLIC+OF+THE+PHILIPPINES+-+CHAN+ROBLES+VIRTUAL+LAW+LIBRARY&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chanrobles.com%2Farticle7.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-malacanang-protocol-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-malacanang-protocol_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malacanang.gov.ph/1608-the-protocol-ceremony-history-and-symbolism-of-the-presidential-inauguration/">The Protocol, Ceremony, History and Symbolism of the Presidential Inauguration on the Presidential Museum and Library</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuezon_III" class="citation web cs1">Quezon III, Manuel L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://filipinopresidency.multiply.com/photos/album/6/Inaugurations#8">"Notes for the coming inaugural"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Notes+for+the+coming+inaugural&amp;rft.aulast=Quezon+III&amp;rft.aufirst=Manuel+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffilipinopresidency.multiply.com%2Fphotos%2Falbum%2F6%2FInaugurations%238&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seasite.niu.edu/Tagalog/1987_philippine_constitutionfs.htm"><i>ANG 1987 KONSTITUSYON NG REPUBLIKA NG PILIPINAS</i></a>, Center for Southeast Asian Studies, Northern Illinois University</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=ANG+1987+KONSTITUSYON+NG+REPUBLIKA+NG+PILIPINAS&amp;rft.pub=Center+for+Southeast+Asian+Studies%2C+Northern+Illinois+University&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seasite.niu.edu%2FTagalog%2F1987_philippine_constitutionfs.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090224183303/http://www.ops.gov.ph/inaugural2004/photo5.htm">"Photo5"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ops.gov.ph/inaugural2004/photo5.htm">the original</a> on 2009-02-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Photo5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ops.gov.ph%2Finaugural2004%2Fphoto5.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2016/06/17/1593848/separate-inauguration-first-recent-history">"Separate inauguration a first in recent history"</a>. <i>philstar.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=philstar.com&amp;rft.atitle=Separate+inauguration+a+first+in+recent+history&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fheadlines%2F2016%2F06%2F17%2F1593848%2Fseparate-inauguration-first-recent-history&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alvarez-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alvarez_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alvarez, S.V., 1992, Recalling the Revolution, Madison: Center for Southeast Asia Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-881261-05-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-881261-05-0">1-881261-05-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rappler.com/nation/137774-kitty-duterte-bible-duterte-oath-taking">Kitty Duterte to hold Bible of Duterte's mother for oath-taking</a>, Pia Ranada, <a href="/wiki/Rappler" title="Rappler">Rappler</a>, June 27, 2016</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.abs-cbn.com/news/06/30/22/marcos-jr-uses-bible-from-dads-1965-inauguration">"WATCH: Marcos Jr. uses Bible from dad's 1965 inauguration for his own oath-taking"</a>. <i>ABS-CBN News</i>. June 30, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 1,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ABS-CBN+News&amp;rft.atitle=WATCH%3A+Marcos+Jr.+uses+Bible+from+dad%27s+1965+inauguration+for+his+own+oath-taking&amp;rft.date=2022-06-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.abs-cbn.com%2Fnews%2F06%2F30%2F22%2Fmarcos-jr-uses-bible-from-dads-1965-inauguration&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APhilippine+presidential+inauguration" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philippine_presidential_inauguration&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702080620/http://www.gov.ph/philippine-presidents-and-their-inaugurations/">Philippine Presidential Inaugurations on the Official Gazette</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malacanang.gov.ph/1608-the-protocol-ceremony-history-and-symbolism-of-the-presidential-inauguration/">The Protocol, Ceremony, History and Symbolism of the Presidential Inauguration on the Presidential Museum and Library</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insidemybackpack.blogspot.com/2010/06/inauguration-of-noynoy-aquino-as.html">Inauguration of President Aquino and past Philippine Presidents</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/w/index.php?title=First_inauguration_of_Emilio_Aguinaldo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="First inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo (page does not exist)">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Second_inauguration_of_Emilio_Aguinaldo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Second inauguration of Emilio Aguinaldo (page does not exist)">1899</a></li></ul></li> <li>Quezon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Manuel_L._Quezon" class="mw-redirect" title="Third inauguration of Manuel L. Quezon">1943</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Jose_P._Laurel" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Jose P. Laurel">Laurel (1943)</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Sergio_Osme%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Sergio Osmeña">Osmeña (1944)</a>*</span></li> <li>Roxas <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Manuel_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Manuel Roxas">May 1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Manuel_Roxas" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Manuel Roxas">July 1946</a></li></ul></li> <li>Quirino <ul><li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Elpidio_Quirino" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Elpidio Quirino">1948</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Elpidio_Quirino" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Elpidio Quirino">1949</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Ramon_Magsaysay" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Ramon Magsaysay">Magsaysay (1953)</a></li> <li>Garcia <ul><li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Carlos_P._Garcia" title="First inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia">March 1957</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Carlos_P._Garcia" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Carlos P. Garcia">December 1957</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Diosdado_Macapagal" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Diosdado Macapagal">Macapagal (1961)</a></li> <li>Marcos <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Second inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" class="mw-redirect" title="Third inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_inauguration_of_Ferdinand_Marcos" title="Fourth inauguration of Ferdinand Marcos">1986</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/People_Power_Revolution" title="People Power Revolution">C. Aquino (1986)</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Fidel_Ramos" class="mw-redirect" title="Inauguration of Fidel Ramos">Ramos (1992)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joseph_Estrada" title="Inauguration of Joseph Estrada">Estrada (1998)</a></li> <li>Macapagal-Arroyo <ul><li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" class="mw-redirect" title="First inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2001</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Gloria_Macapagal_Arroyo" title="Second inauguration of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo">2004</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Benigno_Aquino_III" title="Inauguration of Benigno Aquino III">B. S. Aquino III (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Rodrigo_Duterte" title="Inauguration of Rodrigo Duterte">Duterte (2016)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Bongbong_Marcos" title="Inauguration of Bongbong Marcos">Marcos Jr. (2022)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>* Non-scheduled (extraordinary) inaugurations<br />** Confirmation as prime minister</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐sbkjv Cached time: 20241228164643 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.431 seconds Real time usage: 0.588 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2894/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 41636/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 9951/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 73575/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.198/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4687878/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 416.103 1 -total 36.34% 151.221 2 Template:Reflist 24.25% 100.919 1 Template:Philippine_presidential_inaugurations 23.49% 97.762 1 Template:Navbox 22.04% 91.690 7 Template:Cite_web 15.48% 64.406 1 Template:Short_description 10.47% 43.570 15 Template:Main_other 9.42% 39.195 2 Template:Pagetype 5.31% 22.109 1 Template:Wikisource 5.22% 21.717 5 Template:Background_color --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22254995:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228164643 and revision id 1245316196. 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Right to Dream Academy
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class="mw-page-title-main">Right to Dream Academy</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Dream_Academy" title="Right to Dream Academy – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Right to Dream Academy" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Dream_Academy" title="Right to Dream Academy – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Right to Dream Academy" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Dream_Academy" title="Right to Dream Academy – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Right to Dream Academy" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85%DB%8C_%D9%81%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AA_%D8%AA%D9%88_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%85" title="آکادمی فوتبال رایت تو دریم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آکادمی فوتبال رایت تو دریم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Dream_Academy" title="Right to Dream Academy – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Right to Dream Academy" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%B3ancin_Mafarki" title="Ƴancin Mafarki – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ƴancin Mafarki" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Dream_Academy" title="Right to Dream Academy – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Right to Dream Academy" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%88%E3%83%BB%E3%83%88%E3%82%A5%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%82%AB%E3%83%87%E3%83%9F%E3%83%BC" title="ライト・トゥ・ドリーム・アカデミー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ライト・トゥ・ドリーム・アカデミー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_Dream_Academy" title="Right to Dream Academy – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Right to Dream Academy" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7333660#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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searchaux" style="display:none">Football academy in Ghana</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expert_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs attention from an expert in football&#32;or Ghana</b>. Please add a <i>reason</i> or a <i>talk</i> parameter to this template to explain the issue with the article.<span class="hide-when-compact"> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Football" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Football">WikiProject Football</a>&#160;or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ghana" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Ghana">WikiProject Ghana</a> may be able to help recruit an expert.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Right to Dream</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Right_to_dream_logo_2021.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a3/Right_to_dream_logo_2021.png/220px-Right_to_dream_logo_2021.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a3/Right_to_dream_logo_2021.png 1.5x" data-file-width="307" data-file-height="325" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1999<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;25&#160;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1999</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data">Tom Vernon</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">Football academy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Registration&#160;no.</th><td class="infobox-data">1108821</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Region,_Ghana" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Region, Ghana">Eastern Region, Ghana</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mansour_Group" title="Mansour Group">Mansour Group</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 300</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Right to Dream</b> is a youth <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">association football</a> academy system based in <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghana</a>. It started in 1999 as a residential school and training center in <a href="/wiki/Accra" title="Accra">Accra</a>. It is owned by the <a href="/wiki/Mansour_Group" title="Mansour Group">Mansour Group</a>. </p><p>It is now a multi-club multi-academy group with branches in <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> as well as the Mansour Group's professional teams, <a href="/wiki/FC_Nordsj%C3%A6lland" title="FC Nordsjælland">FC Nordsjælland</a> in Denmark, <a href="/wiki/FC_Masar_(women)" title="FC Masar (women)">FC Masar</a> in Egypt and <a href="/wiki/San_Diego_FC" title="San Diego FC">San Diego FC</a> in the United States. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right_to_Dream_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Right to Dream Academy was founded in 1999 by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Firexi_(football_academy_founder)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Firexi (football academy founder) (page does not exist)">Tom Vernon</a>, who had been Manchester United's head scout in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-edwardsBBC20jan2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwardsBBC20jan2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It started on a small scale and, unlike most youth academies, independent of a professional team, training a small number of boys who were initially housed in Vernon's home.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-thompsonESPN_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompsonESPN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some scouts and other staff were volunteers.<sup id="cite_ref-thompsonESPN_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompsonESPN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2004, the organization began partnering with US boarding high schools to offer athletic scholarships.<sup id="cite_ref-thompsonESPN_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompsonESPN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2010, the organization opened a new facility south of <a href="/wiki/Akosombo" title="Akosombo">Akosombo</a> in the Eastern Region of Ghana.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of 2021, it is an all-scholarship boarding school for promising footballers drawn from all over West Africa.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bleacher_Report" title="Bleacher Report">Bleacher Report</a> ranked it 15th in their 2013 ranking of youth academies.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A girls’ youth system programme was introduced in 2013, the first in Africa.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2014, Right to Dream Academy launched the first Right to Dream school programme in <a href="/wiki/Takoradi" class="mw-redirect" title="Takoradi">Takoradi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Modernghana_2014_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modernghana_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Right_to_Dream_2014_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Right_to_Dream_2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2015, Right to Dream bought FC Nordsjaelland.<sup id="cite_ref-edwardsBBC20jan2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwardsBBC20jan2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2015, partners included Tullow Oil Ghana,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Mantrac Ghana,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Ashoka,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Laureus Sport For Good Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, the Mansour Group invested $120 million in a takeover and announced it was forming a new entity, ManSports.<sup id="cite_ref-edwardsBBC20jan2021_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-edwardsBBC20jan2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Right to Dream bought Egyptian pro football club FC masar. the Mansour Group also financed an expansion team in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Soccer" title="Major League Soccer">Major League Soccer</a> that will begin play in 2025 and be based in <a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a>, California. The team, named San Diego FC, will construct a Right to Dream academy near <a href="/wiki/El_Cajon,_California" title="El Cajon, California">El Cajon, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Graduates">Graduates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right_to_Dream_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Graduates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Since 1999 the academy has graduated 282 students, according to their website as of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2007, Right to Dream has produced over 157 graduates playing professional football Globally. 67 Right to Dream graduates have also received call ups into National teams, from the Black Starlets(U17) to the Black Stars.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> As of May 2023, Right to Dream had over 56 graduates studying at high schools and universities across the US and UK.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>67 RTD graduates (both male and female) have represented their country at senior international level. </p><p>7 of these players played at the Men's FIFA World Cup in 2022. </p><p>RTD Ghana and FCN have produced 146 professional players in total (and counting). </p><p>In 2022, 5 FCN male graduates and 8 female graduates signed pro contracts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tournament_play">Tournament play</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right_to_Dream_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Tournament play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Right to Dream squads travel to Europe regularly to compete in tournaments.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Right to Dream U15s won the 26th edition of the Marveld Tournament in the Netherlands<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The U15 team of Right to Dream Academy won the 2015 TopC-RKMSV tournament in the Netherlands.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The academy participated in the 2013 and 2014 editions of the <a href="/wiki/Gothia_Cup" title="Gothia Cup">Gothia Cup</a>, placing third in 2013 and winning in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2015, Right to Dream returned to the Gothia Cup and successfully defended their title, making the academy the first team to win the Gothia Tipselit Trophy in two successive years.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The academy has won the African championship and thus retained the right to represent Africa each year since the 2008 edition.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (January 2021)">better&#160;source&#160;needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Right to Dream has achieved five top-eight finishes in the World Finals of the Manchester United Premier Cup, playing the best football teams from Manchester United, <a href="/wiki/Juventus_FC" title="Juventus FC">Juventus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paris_Saint-Germain_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Paris Saint-Germain F.C.">Paris Saint Germain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Real_Madrid_C.F." class="mw-redirect" title="Real Madrid C.F.">Real Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It placed a best of 3rd in 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and in 2014, the academy placed 4th.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2015, Right to Dream won the Manchester United Premier Cup world finals for the first time in their history.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2010, Right To Dream were named Peace Ambassadors and invited to participate in a tournament during that year's Nobel Peace Prize Weekend.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Right to Dream U18 and U15 were unbeaten for a combined total of 42 matches on their European Tours.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, Right to Dream U17 finished in 6th place at the 7th edition of the <a href="/wiki/Future_Cup" title="Future Cup">ABN AMRO Future Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, Right to Dream U18 won the Gothia Cup. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Programmes">Programmes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right_to_Dream_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Programmes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Scholarships are granted to Africans, both boys and girls, to study at the purpose-built Academy, located on the banks of the Volta River.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Every two years, 15–20 students are selected out of 30,000 trialists and assessed both on their athletic ability and their academic performance to study and train at the Academy on 100% scholarships.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CNN15apr2010_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN15apr2010-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Right to Dream's International School is an accredited centre for the Cambridge International Examination.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The academy also offers a combination of local and international curriculums.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>The first Right to Dream School opened in Takoradi in September 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-Modernghana_2014_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Modernghana_2014-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The programme is a partnership between Right to Dream and a leading private school in each identified location.<sup id="cite_ref-Right_to_Dream_2014_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Right_to_Dream_2014-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Right to Dream is a not-for-dividend business in Egypt and Denmark, a charity in Ghana and is currently a <a href="/wiki/501(c)(3)_organization" title="501(c)(3) organization">501(c)(3) organisation</a> in the United States, which places students from Right to Dream Academy into US boarding schools and universities on athletic scholarships.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_alumni">Notable alumni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right_to_Dream_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Notable alumni"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdul_Majeed_Waris" title="Abdul Majeed Waris">Abdul Majeed Waris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Danladi" title="Abu Danladi">Abu Danladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adama_Fofana_(footballer,_born_1999)" title="Adama Fofana (footballer, born 1999)">Adama Fofana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bismark_Adjei-Boateng" class="mw-redirect" title="Bismark Adjei-Boateng">Bismark Adjei-Boateng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_Antwi" title="Clinton Antwi">Clinton Antwi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collins_Tanor" title="Collins Tanor">Collins Tanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Owusu" title="Daniel Owusu">Daniel Owusu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Accam" title="David Accam">David Accam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Naah" title="Divine Naah">Divine Naah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominic_Oduro_(footballer,_born_1995)" title="Dominic Oduro (footballer, born 1995)">Dominic Oduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Opoku" title="Edward Opoku">Edward Opoku</a><sup id="cite_ref-millbrook2018_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-millbrook2018-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ema_Twumasi" title="Ema Twumasi">Ema Twumasi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Boateng_(footballer,_born_1994)" title="Emmanuel Boateng (footballer, born 1994)">Emmanuel Boateng</a><sup id="cite_ref-CNN15apr2010_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNN15apr2010-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Ntim" title="Emmanuel Ntim">Emmanuel Ntim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch_Adu" title="Enoch Adu">Enoch Adu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enock_Kwakwa" title="Enock Kwakwa">Enock Kwakwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Agyiri" title="Ernest Agyiri">Ernest Agyiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Nuamah" title="Ernest Nuamah">Ernest Nuamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evans_Mensah_(footballer,_born_1998)" title="Evans Mensah (footballer, born 1998)">Evans Mensah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifi_Baiden" title="Fifi Baiden">Fifi Baiden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Atuahene" title="Francis Atuahene">Francis Atuahene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Arhin" title="Frank Arhin">Frank Arhin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Acheampong" title="Geoffrey Acheampong">Geoffrey Acheampong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Davies_(footballer,_born_1996)" title="George Davies (footballer, born 1996)">George Davies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Mensah_(footballer,_born_2000)" title="Gideon Mensah (footballer, born 2000)">Gideon Mensah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godfred_Saka" title="Godfred Saka">Godfred Saka</a><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godsway_Donyoh" title="Godsway Donyoh">Godsway Donyoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haruna_Shaibu" title="Haruna Shaibu">Haruna Shaibu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Sadiq" title="Ibrahim Sadiq">Ibrahim Sadiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Atanga" title="Isaac Atanga">Isaac Atanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_Yaro" title="Joshua Yaro">Joshua Yaro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamal_Sowah" title="Kamal Sowah">Kamal Sowah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamaldeen_Sulemana" title="Kamaldeen Sulemana">Kamaldeen Sulemana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keanin_Ayer" title="Keanin Ayer">Keanin Ayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Boateng" title="Kelvin Boateng">Kelvin Boateng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kelvin_Ofori" title="Kelvin Ofori">Kelvin Ofori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Gyan" title="King Gyan">King Osei Gyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsley_Fobi" title="Kingsley Fobi">Kingsley Fobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxwell_Woledzi" title="Maxwell Woledzi">Maxwell Woledzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Tetteh" title="Michael Tetteh">Michael Tetteh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Abu" title="Mohammed Abu">Mohammed Abu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Diomande" class="mw-redirect" title="Mohammed Diomande">Mohammed Diomande</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mohammed_Kudus" title="Mohammed Kudus">Mohammed Kudus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Umar" title="Oscar Umar">Oscar Umar</a><sup id="cite_ref-thompsonESPN_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-thompsonESPN-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ousseni_Bouda" title="Ousseni Bouda">Ousseni Bouda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Agyemang" title="Prince Agyemang">Prince Agyemang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashid_Nuhu" title="Rashid Nuhu">Rashid Nuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Razak_Nuhu" title="Razak Nuhu">Razak Nuhu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Mensiro" title="Samuel Mensiro">Samuel Mensiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Adingra" title="Simon Adingra">Simon Adingra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiemoko_Fofana" title="Tiemoko Fofana">Tiemoko Fofana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Agyepong" title="Thomas Agyepong">Thomas Agyepong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Agyiri" title="Thomas Agyiri">Thomas Agyiri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umar_Farouk_Osman" title="Umar Farouk Osman">Umar Farouk Osman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaw_Yeboah" title="Yaw Yeboah">Yaw Yeboah</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Right_to_Dream_Academy&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOkine2014" class="citation news cs1">Okine, Sammy Heywood (March 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=304515">"Right to Dream to outdoor Mantrac Center on Friday"</a>. <i>ghanaweb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ghanaweb.com&amp;rft.atitle=Right+to+Dream+to+outdoor+Mantrac+Center+on+Friday&amp;rft.date=2014-03-28&amp;rft.aulast=Okine&amp;rft.aufirst=Sammy+Heywood&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ghanaweb.com%2FGhanaHomePage%2FNewsArchive%2Fartikel.php%3FID%3D304515&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIdealist.org2013" class="citation news cs1">Idealist.org (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.idealist.org/view/nonprofit/cPFwHdmZh23p/">"Right to Dream Academy"</a>. <i>Idealist.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150619001036/http://www.idealist.org/view/nonprofit/cPFwHdmZh23p/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Idealist.org&amp;rft.atitle=Right+to+Dream+Academy&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.au=Idealist.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.idealist.org%2Fview%2Fnonprofit%2FcPFwHdmZh23p%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-edwardsBBC20jan2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-edwardsBBC20jan2021_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwardsBBC20jan2021_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-edwardsBBC20jan2021_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEdwards2021" class="citation news cs1">Edwards, Piers (20 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/africa/55734856">"Egyptian billionaires invest $120m in Ghana football academy"</a>. <i>BBC Sport</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210121115825/https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/africa/55734856">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-01-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Egyptian+billionaires+invest+%24120m+in+Ghana+football+academy&amp;rft.date=2021-01-20&amp;rft.aulast=Edwards&amp;rft.aufirst=Piers&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport%2Fafrica%2F55734856&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGhanasoccernet2011" class="citation news cs1">Ghanasoccernet (4 November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sports.peacefmonline.com/pages/soccer/201111/77576.php">"Q&amp;A With Right To Dream Founder And Ceo Tom Vernon"</a>. <i>Peacefmonline.com Sport</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528160124/http://sports.peacefmonline.com/pages/soccer/201111/77576.php">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Peacefmonline.com+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Q%26A+With+Right+To+Dream+Founder+And+Ceo+Tom+Vernon&amp;rft.date=2011-11-04&amp;rft.au=Ghanasoccernet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsports.peacefmonline.com%2Fpages%2Fsoccer%2F201111%2F77576.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRight_to_Dream2015" class="citation news cs1">Right to Dream (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academy.righttodream.com/About-Us/our-story-so-far.aspx">"About Us"</a>. <i>Right to Dream</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150507010500/http://academy.righttodream.com/About-Us/our-story-so-far.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Dogbevi, Emmanuel (24 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2013/04/24/right-to-dream-says-to-establish-first-girls-football-academy-in-africa/">"Right to Dream To Establish First Girls Football Academy in Africa"</a>. <i>Ghanabusinessnews.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130917171820/http://www.ghanabusinessnews.com/2013/04/24/right-to-dream-says-to-establish-first-girls-football-academy-in-africa/">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=goal.com&amp;rft.atitle=Right+to+Dream+launches+Africa%27s+first+Girls%27+Football+Academy&amp;rft.date=2013-06-04&amp;rft.aulast=Kwaw&amp;rft.aufirst=Erasmus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goal.com%2Fen-gh%2Fnews%2F4351%2Fafrica%2F2013%2F06%2F04%2F4024574%2Fright-to-dream-launches-africas-first-girls-football-academy&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFViasat12013" class="citation news cs1">Viasat1 (April 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viasat1.com.gh/news/sports/article.php?postId=1419#sthash.s9hB3T96.dpbs">"Kotoko coach lauds Right to Dream for new Girls Academy"</a>. <i>viasat1.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150707225202/http://www.viasat1.com.gh/news/sports/article.php?postId=1419#sthash.s9hB3T96.dpbs">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 7,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=viasat1.com&amp;rft.atitle=Kotoko+coach+lauds+Right+to+Dream+for+new+Girls+Academy&amp;rft.date=2013-04-19&amp;rft.au=Viasat1&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.viasat1.com.gh%2Fnews%2Fsports%2Farticle.php%3FpostId%3D1419%23sthash.s9hB3T96.dpbs&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKwaw2014" class="citation news cs1">Kwaw, Erasmus (April 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4389/ghana/2014/04/04/4730176/im-more-experienced-now-says-rtds-fuseina-mumuni">"I'm MoreExperienced Now, says RtDs Fuseina Mumuni"</a>. <i>goal.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160306133811/http://www.goal.com/en-gh/news/4389/ghana/2014/04/04/4730176/im-more-experienced-now-says-rtds-fuseina-mumuni">Archived</a> from the original on March 6, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 16,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=goal.com&amp;rft.atitle=I%27m+MoreExperienced+Now%2C+says+RtDs+Fuseina+Mumuni&amp;rft.date=2014-04-04&amp;rft.aulast=Kwaw&amp;rft.aufirst=Erasmus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.goal.com%2Fen-gh%2Fnews%2F4389%2Fghana%2F2014%2F04%2F04%2F4730176%2Fim-more-experienced-now-says-rtds-fuseina-mumuni&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Modernghana_2014-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Modernghana_2014_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Modernghana_2014_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFModernghana2014" class="citation news cs1">Modernghana (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metrofmonline.com/v/tullow-oil-right-to-dream-academy-launch-school-programme-in-takoradi">"Tullow Oil, Right to Dream Launch School Programme in Takoradi"</a>. <i>Modernghana.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Right+to+Dream&amp;rft.atitle=Right+to+Dream+Launch+RTD+School+Programme+in+Takoradi&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.au=Right+to+Dream&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Facademy.righttodream.com%2FNews%2FAcademy-General-News%2FRIGHT-TO-DREAM-LAUNCH-RTD-SCHOOL-PROGRAMME-IN-TAKO.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRight_to_Dream2014" class="citation news cs1">Right to Dream (19 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academy.righttodream.com/News/Academy-General-News/Tullow-Ghana-Ltd-partners-with-RtD.aspx">"Tullow Ghana Ltd. partners with RtD"</a>. <i>Right to Dream</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150528192638/http://academy.righttodream.com/News/Academy-General-News/Tullow-Ghana-Ltd-partners-with-RtD.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 28 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=ghanasoccernet.com&amp;rft.atitle=Ghana+Winger%2C+Christian+Atsu+in+personal+praise+of+Right+to+Dream+U15+Team&amp;rft.date=2015&amp;rft.au=Ghanasoccernet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fghanasoccernet.com%2Fghana-winger-christian-atsu-in-personal-praise-of-victorious-right-to-dream-u15-team%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghanasoccernet.com/right-to-dream-academy-u17-lose-to-arsenal-at-abn-amro-future-cup">"Right To Dream Academy U17 lose to Arsenal at ABN AMRO Future Cup"</a>. 26 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=myjoyonline.com&amp;rft.atitle=Right+to+Dream+partners+Vodafone+to+give+scholarships&amp;rft.date=2011-08-17&amp;rft.au=Myjoyonline&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbusiness.myjoyonline.com%2Fpages%2Fnews%2F201108%2F71195.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-millbrook2018-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-millbrook2018_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.millbrook.org/news-detail?pk=1156328">"Edward Opoku '15 Signs with MLS"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Millbrook_School" title="Millbrook School">Millbrook School</a>. 13 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Edward+Opoku+%2715+Signs+with+MLS&amp;rft.pub=Millbrook+School&amp;rft.date=2018-01-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.millbrook.org%2Fnews-detail%3Fpk%3D1156328&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARight+to+Dream+Academy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.goal.com/en-bh/news/aduana-captain-saka-hints-at-leaving-the-club/3pjwhbp0prih1mdndjgvd3dkb">"Aduana captain Saka hints at leaving the club | Goal.com"</a>. <i>www.goal.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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The Ed Show
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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=The+Ed+Show" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=The+Ed+Show" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=The+Ed+Show" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=The+Ed+Show" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Format" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Format"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Format</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Format-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Segments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Segments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Segments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Segments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ratings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ratings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ratings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ratings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Guest_hosts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Guest_hosts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Guest hosts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Guest_hosts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversial_statements" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversial_statements"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Controversial statements</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversial_statements-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>The Ed Show</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7731540#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Show" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:The_Ed_Show" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Show"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Show"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/The_Ed_Show" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/The_Ed_Show" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;oldid=1238431682" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" 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.hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the MSNBC show hosted by Ed Schultz. For the radio show hosted by Ed Schultz, see <a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Schultz_Show" title="The Ed Schultz Show">The Ed Schultz Show</a>. For the NBC comedy-drama, see <a href="/wiki/Ed_(TV_series)" title="Ed (TV series)">Ed (TV series)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1262195746">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary"><i>The Ed Show</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ed_Show_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Ed_Show_logo.svg/220px-The_Ed_Show_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Ed_Show_logo.svg/330px-The_Ed_Show_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/The_Ed_Show_logo.svg/440px-The_Ed_Show_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="254" data-file-height="138" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Presented by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><a href="/wiki/Ed_Schultz" title="Ed Schultz">Ed Schultz</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">English</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production locations</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="30 Rockefeller Center">30 Rockefeller Center</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_City,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City, New York">New York City, New York</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Lakes,_Minnesota" title="Detroit Lakes, Minnesota">Detroit Lakes, Minnesota</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Running time</th><td class="infobox-data">60 minutes</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">April 6, 2009<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2009-04-06</span>)</span>&#160;–<br />July 31, 2015<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtend itvend">2015-07-31</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Ed Show</b></i> is an hour-long weekday news commentary program on <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> that aired from 2009 to 2015. The program was hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Schultz" title="Ed Schultz">Ed Schultz</a>, who also hosted the nationally syndicated radio program <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ed_Schultz_Show" title="The Ed Schultz Show">The Ed Schultz Show</a></i> from 2004 to 2014. </p><p>The show aired in a variety of timeslots. It debuted as a weeknight program on MSNBC on April 6, 2009, at 6 PM <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Time">ET</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It later moved to 10 PM ET, filling the time slot previously occupied by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Word_with_Lawrence_O%27Donnell" title="The Last Word with Lawrence O&#39;Donnell">The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell</a></i> when that show took over the 8 PM ET slot after <i><a href="/wiki/Countdown_with_Keith_Olbermann" title="Countdown with Keith Olbermann">Countdown with Keith Olbermann</a></i> was cancelled. In October 2011, it swapped spots with <i>The Last Word with Lawrence O'Donnell</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On March 13, 2013, Schultz revealed that he would be moving to a new expanded weekend lineup at the network. His last weeknight show aired on March 14,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the show returned as a weekend show on May 11 at 5 PM ET. </p><p><i>The Ed Show</i> returned to weeknights on August 26 of the same year, taking the 5 PM ET slot previously held by one airing of <i><a href="/wiki/Hardball_with_Chris_Matthews" title="Hardball with Chris Matthews">Hardball with Chris Matthews</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On July 30, 2015, MSNBC president <a href="/wiki/Phil_Griffin" title="Phil Griffin">Phil Griffin</a> announced that the series had been cancelled in an effort to transition the network's daytime programming to more breaking news reporting and less political commentary and opinion. The program aired its final episode on July 31, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format">Format</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Format"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The show used a multi-camera, video and graphics driven format not seen on other MSNBC programs. The first block of the show was fast-paced during the Op-Ed segment. Schultz originally did most of his segments standing, but eventually moved to a sitting format. The <a href="/wiki/Bug_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug (television)">graphics package</a> that was used by <i>The Ed Show</i> differed from others at <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a>, with orange and black graphics; other programs use blue and white. </p><p>On April 11, 2011, MSNBC incorporated a new logo, a new studio, a new color scheme, using more blue than orange, and a new segment at the beginning of <i>The Ed Show</i> which has Schultz standing while doing a monologue about a chosen subject in front of a screen that flashes graphics such as charts and archive footage. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Segments">Segments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Segments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Club Ed</b> – brought liberal comedians (most commonly <a href="/wiki/Lizz_Winstead" title="Lizz Winstead">Lizz Winstead</a> or <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Miller" title="Stephanie Miller">Stephanie Miller</a>) to provide commentary.</li> <li><b>Psycho Talk</b> – Schultz played a clip of someone on television or radio saying something he deems reprehensible to the point of being nutty. He proceeded to analyze the statement and criticize it, concluding the segment with the words, "and that is Psycho Talk."</li> <li><b>takEDown</b> – was similar to Psycho Talk.</li> <li><b>Rapid Response</b> – featured panel debates</li> <li><b>Fired Up</b> (also called <b>Op-Ed</b>) – Schultz provided a topical <a href="/wiki/Op-ed" title="Op-ed">editorial</a>.</li> <li><b>The BIG Finish</b> - was a final story rounding out the episode.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ratings">Ratings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2009, according to <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_ratings" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen ratings">Nielsen data</a>, <i>The Ed Show</i> finished well behind <a href="/wiki/Cable_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Cable News Network">CNN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a> at 6 pm, averaging 500,000 total viewers and 160,000 in the 25-54 demographic numbers, which were down 13% and 35% respectively compared with May 2008 when <a href="/wiki/David_Gregory_(journalist)" title="David Gregory (journalist)">David Gregory</a> was anchoring the hour.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, ratings for <i>The Ed Show</i> were higher in 2010 compared to 2009. Ratings were up 8% in the coveted age 25-54 demographic and up 2% overall <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011 and 2012, <i>The Ed Show</i> began finishing 2nd in its timeslot, beaten in total viewers only by <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 2014, <i>The Ed Show</i> finished behind both <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a> in both the 25-54 demographic and total viewers.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Guest_hosts">Guest hosts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Guest hosts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Regular guest hosts of the show included <a href="/wiki/Cenk_Uygur" title="Cenk Uygur">Cenk Uygur</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Shuster" title="David Shuster">David Shuster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Roberts_(news_anchor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Roberts (news anchor)">Thomas Roberts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Eric_Dyson" title="Michael Eric Dyson">Michael Eric Dyson</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Sharpton" title="Al Sharpton">Al Sharpton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chris_Hayes_(journalist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Hayes (journalist)">Chris Hayes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lawrence_O%27Donnell" title="Lawrence O&#39;Donnell">Lawrence O'Donnell</a> also guest-hosted; all three gained their own series on MSNBC after first guest-hosting on <i>The Ed Show</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversial_statements">Controversial statements</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Controversial statements"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On May 23, 2011 on his radio talk show, Schultz called Laura Ingraham "a right-wing slut" and a "talk slut".<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He apologized to her on his television show the next day, announcing that he was suspending himself from television: </p> <dl><dd><dl><dd>"What matters is, ... what I said was terribly vile, and not of the standards that I or any other person should adhere to. I want all of you to know tonight that I did call Laura Ingraham today and did not make contact with her, and I will apologize to her, as I did in the message that I left her today. I also met with management here at MSNBC, and understanding the severity of the situation and what I said on the radio, and how it reflected terribly on this company, I have offered to take myself off the air for an indefinite period of time with no pay. I want to apologize to Laura Ingraham, I want to apologize to my family; my wife; I have embarrassed my family; I have embarrassed this company; and I have been in this business since 1978 and I have made a lot of mistakes; this is the lowest of low for me."</dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>The suspension lasted for one week.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On August 15, 2011 on his TV show, Schultz played a clip that purportedly showed Texas Governor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Perry" title="Rick Perry">Rick Perry</a> making racist remarks at an <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_of_Iowa" title="Republican Party of Iowa">Iowa Republican Party</a> event. In his speech, Perry referred to the U.S. national debt as "that big black cloud that hangs over America". Schultz showed an edited clip containing only the quoted phrase, and followed it by stating, "That black cloud Perry is talking about is President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Schultz apologized on-air the next day.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/Now_with_Alex_Wagner" title="Now with Alex Wagner">Now with Alex Wagner</a></i></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> MSNBC Weekday Lineup </b><br />5:00 PM-6:00 PM </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><i><a href="/wiki/PoliticsNation_with_Al_Sharpton" title="PoliticsNation with Al Sharpton">PoliticsNation with Al Sharpton</a></i></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Ed_Show&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCalderone2009" class="citation web cs1">Calderone, Michael (2009-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/michaelcalderone/0409/MSNBC_gives_Schultz_the_6pm_slot_.html">"MSNBC gives Schultz the 6pm slot"</a>. Politico.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=MSNBC+gives+Schultz+the+6pm+slot&amp;rft.pub=Politico.com&amp;rft.date=2009-04-01&amp;rft.aulast=Calderone&amp;rft.aufirst=Michael&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fmichaelcalderone%2F0409%2FMSNBC_gives_Schultz_the_6pm_slot_.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ed+Show" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGay,_Verne2011" class="citation web cs1">Gay, Verne (October 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsday.com/entertainment/tv/tv-zone-1.811968/msnbc-o-donnell-back-to-10-1.3257460">"MSNBC: O'Donnell back to 10"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Newsday" title="Newsday">Newsday</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Newsday&amp;rft.atitle=MSNBC%3A+O%27Donnell+back+to+10&amp;rft.date=2011-10-19&amp;rft.au=Gay%2C+Verne&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsday.com%2Fentertainment%2Ftv%2Ftv-zone-1.811968%2Fmsnbc-o-donnell-back-to-10-1.3257460&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ed+Show" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFByers,_Dylan2013" class="citation web cs1">Byers, Dylan (March 13, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2013/03/msnbc-ending-ed-schultzs-weekday-show-159273.html">"MSNBC ending Ed Schultz's weekday show"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Politico&amp;rft.atitle=MSNBC+ending+Ed+Schultz%27s+weekday+show&amp;rft.date=2013-03-13&amp;rft.au=Byers%2C+Dylan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fmedia%2F2013%2F03%2Fmsnbc-ending-ed-schultzs-weekday-show-159273.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ed+Show" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tv.msnbc.com/2013/03/13/the-ed-show-moves-to-weekend-evenings-on-msnbc-this-spring/">"The Ed Show moves to weekend evenings on MSNBC this spring"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Msnbc.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Msnbc.com">MSNBC.com</a>. March 13, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Ed+Show+moves+to+weekend+evenings+on+MSNBC+this+spring&amp;rft.pub=MSNBC.com&amp;rft.date=2013-03-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftv.msnbc.com%2F2013%2F03%2F13%2Fthe-ed-show-moves-to-weekend-evenings-on-msnbc-this-spring%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ed+Show" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/media/2013/08/msnbcs-ed-schultz-returns-to-weekdays-chris-matthews-170781.html?ml=po_r">"MSNBC's Ed Schultz returns to weekdays, Chris Matthews's 'Hardball' to 7 p.m."</a> Politico.Com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-07-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=MSNBC%27s+Ed+Schultz+returns+to+weekdays%2C+Chris+Matthews%27s+%27Hardball%27+to+7+p.m.&amp;rft.pub=Politico.Com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fblogs%2Fmedia%2F2013%2F08%2Fmsnbcs-ed-schultz-returns-to-weekdays-chris-matthews-170781.html%3Fml%3Dpo_r&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ed+Show" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJordan_Chariton2015" class="citation web cs1">Jordan Chariton (2015-07-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thewrap.com/msnbc-daytime-demolition-the-cycle-alex-wagner-and-ed-schultz-canceled-chuck-todd-returns/">"MSNBC Daytime Overhaul: Alex Wagner, Ed Schultz, 'The Cycle' Canceled; Chuck Todd Returns"</a>. 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Ed Says 'Yes!'" <i>The New York Observer</i> (June 3, 2009)"</a>. Observer.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.observer.com/2009/media/does-ed-schultz-have-contract-msnbc-ed-says-yes">the original</a> on 2009-06-11<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2010/12/20/msnbc-beats-cnn-for-second-year-in-a-row-in-primetime-ratings/76083">the original</a> on 2010-12-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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TVbytheNumbers. 2012-10-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/2012/10/05/cable-news-ratings-for-thursday-october-4-2012/151692/">the original</a> on 2012-10-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Friday+Cable+Ratings%3A+MSNBC%27s+Ed+Schultz+Drops+to+41K+in+Demo%3B&amp;rft.pub=Mediaite&amp;rft.date=2014-09-22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaite.com%2Ftv%2Ffriday-cable-ratings-msnbcs-ed-schultz-drops-to-41k-in-demo%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ed+Show" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLeGQr9TK6g">"Libtalker Ed Schultz: Laura Ingraham's 'A Slut'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-05-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rick+Perry+%27Big+Black+Cloud%27+Quote+Edited+Out+Of+Context+By+MSNBC+And+ABC+News&amp;rft.pub=Mediaite&amp;rft.date=2011-08-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mediaite.com%2Ftv%2Frick-perry-big-black-cloud-quote-taken-out-of-context-by-msnbc-and-abc-news%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Ed+Show" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/blogs/onmedia/0811/Right_calls_foul_on_Schultzs_Perry_remark.html">"Schultz regrets Perry remark about 'big black cloud'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Politico. 2011-08-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 7
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Grup – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="2002 FIFA Dünya Kupası elemeleri - UEFA 7. 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dir="ltr"><p>The five teams in this group played against each other on a home-and-away basis. The group winner Spain qualified for the 17th <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> held in <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>. The runner-up Austria advanced to the UEFA Play-off and played against Turkey. Spain dominated the group, with six wins out of eight, and only two away draws (against second-placed Austria and third-placed Israel) to mar the record. Second place, however, was not decided until the last minute of the last match: Austria had a three-point advantage, but Israel led 1-0 which would have brought them level in the group standings, and had a superior goal difference which would have seen them into second place, but Austria scored an injury-time equalizer to earn a draw and retain their second position. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standings">Standings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Standings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1011077906">.mw-parser-output .sports-table-notes{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em}</style> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Position">Pos</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="190">Team </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Played">Pld</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Won">W</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Drawn">D</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Lost">L</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Goals for">GF</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Goals against">GA</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Goal difference">GD</abbr> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><abbr title="Points">Pts</abbr> </th> <th scope="col">Qualification </th> <th scope="row" class="unsortable" style="background-color:white;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;line-width:3pt;"> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </th> <th scope="col" width="28"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">1 </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">8 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">6 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">2 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">0 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">21 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">4 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;">+17 </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3BB;">20 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3BB;" rowspan="1">Qualification to <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2002 FIFA World Cup">2002 FIFA World Cup</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;"> </td> <td style="font-weight:normal;">&#8212; </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Spain_v_Austria">4–0</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Spain_v_Israel">2–0</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Spain_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">4–1</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Spain_v_Liechtenstein">5–0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">2 </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">8 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">4 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">3 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">1 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">10 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">8 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;">+2 </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;background-color:#BBF3FF;">15 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:#BBF3FF;" rowspan="1">Advance to <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(UEFA)#Play-offs" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)">UEFA play-offs</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Austria_v_Spain">1–1</a> </td> <td style="font-weight:normal;">&#8212; </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Austria_v_Israel">2–1</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Austria_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">2–0</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Austria_v_Liechtenstein">2–0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">3 </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">8 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">3 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">3 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">2 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">11 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">7 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">+4 </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">12 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="background-color:white;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Israel_v_Spain">1–1</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Israel_v_Austria">1–1</a> </td> <td style="font-weight:normal;">&#8212; </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Israel_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">3–1</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Israel_v_Liechtenstein">2–0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">4 </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">8 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">2 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">2 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">4 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">12 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">12 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">0 </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">8 </td> <td style="background-color:white;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Spain">1–2</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Austria">1–1</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Israel">0–0</a> </td> <td style="font-weight:normal;">&#8212; </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Liechtenstein">5–0</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">5 </td> <th scope="row" style="text-align: left; white-space:nowrap;font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a></span> </th> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">8 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">0 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">0 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">8 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">0 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">23 </td> <td style="font-weight: normal;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">&#8722;23 </td> <td style="font-weight: bold;background-color:transparent; color: inherit;">0 </td> <td style="background-color:white;border-top:white;border-bottom:white;"> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Liechtenstein_v_Spain">0–2</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Liechtenstein_v_Austria">0–1</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Liechtenstein_v_Israel">0–3</a> </td> <td style="white-space:nowrap;font-weight:normal;"><a href="#Liechtenstein_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina">0–3</a> </td> <td style="font-weight:normal;">&#8212; </td></tr></tbody></table><div class="sports-table-notes">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-soccer365_UEFA_2002_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-soccer365_UEFA_2002-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Matches">Matches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Matches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r997937747">.mw-parser-output .footballbox{clear:both;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .footballbox tr{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .footballbox time{display:block;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .ftitle{text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fevent{width:100%;table-layout:fixed;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fevent,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fright{margin-bottom:10px}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fdate,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .ftime{display:block}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fhome,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .faway{width:39%}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fscore{width:22%}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fgoals{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fhome,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fhgoal{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .faway,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fagoal{text-align:left}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fdate,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .ftime,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .frnd{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fleft,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fright{float:left;padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fleft{width:15%;overflow:auto}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fevent{float:left;width:61%}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fevent,.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fright{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .footballbox .fright{font-size:85%;width:24%}}</style><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Spain"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2000-09-02T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">2 September 2000</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">1–2</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Elvir_Balji%C4%87" title="Elvir Baljić">Baljić</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1194938686">.mw-parser-output .fb-goal>span{}</style><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>41&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044601/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19749/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_L%C3%B3pez" title="Gerard López">Gerard</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>39&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Joseba_Etxeberria" title="Joseba Etxeberria">Etxeberria</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>72&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Asim_Ferhatovi%C4%87_Hase_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium">Koševo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 28,700</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Herbert_Fandel" title="Herbert Fandel">Herbert Fandel</a> (<a href="/wiki/German_Football_Association" title="German Football Association">Germany</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Israel_v_Liechtenstein"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2000-09-03T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">3 September 2000</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">2–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Alon_Mizrahi" title="Alon Mizrahi">Mizrahi</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>1&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Pini_Balili" title="Pini Balili">Balili</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>80&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044606/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19750/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan_Stadium" title="Ramat Gan Stadium">Ramat Gan Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 19,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_O%27Hanlon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard O&#39;Hanlon (page does not exist)">Richard O'Hanlon</a> (<a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Ireland" title="Football Association of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Spain_v_Israel"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2000-10-07T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">7 October 2000</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">2–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Gerard_L%C3%B3pez" title="Gerard López">Gerard</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>20&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Hierro" title="Fernando Hierro">Hierro</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>54&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044616/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19752/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Santiago_Bernab%C3%A9u_Stadium" title="Santiago Bernabéu Stadium">Santiago Bernabéu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 80,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Claude_Colombo" title="Claude Colombo">Claude Colombo</a> (<a href="/wiki/French_Football_Federation" title="French Football Federation">France</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Liechtenstein_v_Austria"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2000-10-07T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">7 October 2000</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">0–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044611/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19751/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fl%C3%B6gel" title="Thomas Flögel">Flögel</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>20&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Rheinpark_Stadion" title="Rheinpark Stadion">Rheinpark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 3,548</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Rowbotham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Rowbotham (page does not exist)">John Rowbotham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_Football_Association" title="Scottish Football Association">Scotland</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Austria_v_Spain"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2000-10-11T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">11 October 2000</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">1–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Baur" title="Michael Baur">Baur</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>22&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044626/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19754/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Baraja" title="Rubén Baraja">Baraja</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>27&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Ernst-Happel-Stadion" title="Ernst-Happel-Stadion">Ernst-Happel-Stadion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 48,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Valentin_Ivanov_(footballer_born_1961)" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentin Ivanov (footballer born 1961)">Valentin Ivanov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_Football_Union" title="Russian Football Union">Russia</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Israel_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2000-10-11T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">11 October 2000</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">3–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Eyal_Berkovich" class="mw-redirect" title="Eyal Berkovich">Berkovich</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>12&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yossi_Abuksis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yossi Abuksis">Abuksis</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>62&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Yaniv_Katan" title="Yaniv Katan">Katan</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>76&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044621/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19753/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Akrapovi%C4%87" title="Bruno Akrapović">Akrapović</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>48&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan_Stadium" title="Ramat Gan Stadium">Ramat Gan Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 30,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Dick_Jol" title="Dick Jol">Dick Jol</a> (<a href="/wiki/Royal_Dutch_Football_Association" title="Royal Dutch Football Association">Netherlands</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Spain_v_Liechtenstein"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-03-24T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">24 March 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">5–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Helguera" title="Iván Helguera">Helguera</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>20&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gaizka_Mendieta" title="Gaizka Mendieta">Mendieta</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>36&#39;</span>, <span>82&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Hierro" title="Fernando Hierro">Hierro</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>55&#39;&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)" title="Penalty kick (association football)">pen.</a>)</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_(footballer)" title="Raúl (footballer)">Raúl</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>67&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044636/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19757/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Jos%C3%A9_Rico_P%C3%A9rez" title="Estadio José Rico Pérez">Estadio José Rico Pérez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alicante" title="Alicante">Alicante</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 30,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Darko_%C4%8Ceferin" title="Darko Čeferin">Darko Čeferin</a> (<a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Slovenia" title="Football Association of Slovenia">Slovenia</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Austria"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-03-24T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">24 March 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">1–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Sergej_Barbarez" title="Sergej Barbarez">Barbarez</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>43&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044631/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19755/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Baur" title="Michael Baur">Baur</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>61&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Asim_Ferhatovi%C4%87_Hase_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium">Koševo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 25,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Henning_%C3%98vreb%C3%B8" title="Tom Henning Øvrebø">Tom Henning Øvrebø</a> (<a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Association of Norway">Norway</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Austria_v_Israel"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-03-28T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">28 March 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">2–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Baur" title="Michael Baur">Baur</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>9&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Herzog" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Herzog">Herzog</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>42&#39;&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)" title="Penalty kick (association football)">pen.</a>)</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044641/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19758/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Baur" title="Michael Baur">Baur</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>6&#39;&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Own_goal#Association_football" title="Own goal">o.g.</a>)</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Ernst-Happel-Stadion" title="Ernst-Happel-Stadion">Ernst-Happel-Stadion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 21,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Trentalange" title="Alfredo Trentalange">Alfredo Trentalange</a> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_Football_Federation" title="Italian Football Federation">Italy</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Liechtenstein_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-03-28T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">28 March 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">0–3</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044646/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19759/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Sergej_Barbarez" title="Sergej Barbarez">Barbarez</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>10&#39;</span>, <span>72&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Almedin_Hota" title="Almedin Hota">Hota</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>89&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Rheinpark_Stadion" title="Rheinpark Stadion">Rheinpark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 3,400</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrejs_Sipailo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrejs Sipailo (page does not exist)">Andrejs Sipailo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Latvian_Football_Federation" title="Latvian Football Federation">Latvia</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Austria_v_Liechtenstein"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-04-25T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">25 April 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">2–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Eduard_Glieder" title="Eduard Glieder">Glieder</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>44&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fl%C3%B6gel" title="Thomas Flögel">Flögel</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>75&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044702/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19762/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Tivoli-Neu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tivoli-Neu">Tivoli-Neu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 13,060</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Malcolm_(referee)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Malcolm (referee) (page does not exist)">David Malcolm</a> (<a href="/wiki/Irish_Football_Association" title="Irish Football Association">Northern Ireland</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Spain_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-06-02T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">2 June 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">4–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Hierro" title="Fernando Hierro">Hierro</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>26&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Javi_Moreno_(footballer,_born_1974)" title="Javi Moreno (footballer, born 1974)">Moreno</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>76&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_(footballer)" title="Raúl (footballer)">Raúl</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>89&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Diego_Trist%C3%A1n" title="Diego Tristán">Tristán</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>90&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044657/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19761/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Mirsad_Be%C5%A1lija" title="Mirsad Bešlija">Bešlija</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>41&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Estadio_Carlos_Tartiere" title="Estadio Carlos Tartiere">Estadio Nuevo Carlos Tartiere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oviedo" title="Oviedo">Oviedo</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 30,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Roy_Helge_Olsen" title="Roy Helge Olsen">Roy Helge Olsen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Football Association of Norway">Norway</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Liechtenstein_v_Israel"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-06-02T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">2 June 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">0–3</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044652/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19760/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Haim_Revivo" title="Haim Revivo">Revivo</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>3&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Idan_Tal" title="Idan Tal">Tal</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>7&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Avi_Nimni" title="Avi Nimni">Nimni</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>18&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Rheinpark_Stadion" title="Rheinpark Stadion">Rheinpark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 1,650</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lassin_Isaksen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lassin Isaksen (page does not exist)">Lassin Isaksen</a> (<a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands_Football_Association" title="Faroe Islands Football Association">Faeroe Islands</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Israel_v_Spain"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-06-06T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">6 June 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">1–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Haim_Revivo" title="Haim Revivo">Revivo</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>4&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044707/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19763/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_(footballer)" title="Raúl (footballer)">Raúl</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>63&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan_Stadium" title="Ramat Gan Stadium">Ramat Gan Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 23,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Anders_Frisk" title="Anders Frisk">Anders Frisk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swedish_Football_Association" title="Swedish Football Association">Sweden</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Spain_v_Austria"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-09-01T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">1 September 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">4–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Diego_Trist%C3%A1n" title="Diego Tristán">Tristán</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>45&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Fernando_Morientes" title="Fernando Morientes">Morientes</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>79&#39;</span>, <span>84&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Gaizka_Mendieta" title="Gaizka Mendieta">Mendieta</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>90+1&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044717/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19765/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Mestalla_Stadium" title="Mestalla Stadium">Estadio Mestalla</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valencia" title="Valencia">Valencia</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 31,661</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Horacio_Elizondo" title="Horacio Elizondo">Horacio Elizondo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Argentine_Football_Association" title="Argentine Football Association">Argentina</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Israel"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-09-01T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">1 September 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">0–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044712/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19764/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Asim_Ferhatovi%C4%87_Hase_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="Asim Ferhatović Hase Stadium">Koševo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarajevo" title="Sarajevo">Sarajevo</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 7,700</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dieter_Schoch&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dieter Schoch (page does not exist)">Dieter Schoch</a> (<a href="/wiki/Swiss_Football_Association" title="Swiss Football Association">Switzerland</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Liechtenstein_v_Spain"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-09-05T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">5 September 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">0–2</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team">Spain</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044728/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19767/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_(footballer)" title="Raúl (footballer)">Raúl</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>19&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Nadal" title="Miguel Ángel Nadal">Nadal</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>82&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Rheinpark_Stadion" title="Rheinpark Stadion">Rheinpark</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaduz" title="Vaduz">Vaduz</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 4,648</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Dobrinov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Dobrinov (page does not exist)">Ivan Dobrinov</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Football_Union" title="Bulgarian Football Union">Bulgaria</a>)</div></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Austria_v_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-09-05T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">5 September 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">2–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Herzog" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Herzog">Herzog</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>38&#39;</span>, <span>87&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044723/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19766/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Ernst-Happel-Stadion" title="Ernst-Happel-Stadion">Ernst-Happel-Stadion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 23,200</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/Graham_Barber" title="Graham Barber">Graham Barber</a> (<a href="/wiki/The_Football_Association" title="The Football Association">England</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_v_Liechtenstein"> <div class="fleft"><time itemprop="startDate" datetime="2001-10-07T00:00:00+00:00"><div class="fdate">7 October 2001</div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">5–0</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/23px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/35px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg/46px-Flag_of_Liechtenstein.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Liechtenstein_national_football_team" title="Liechtenstein national football team">Liechtenstein</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Muhamed_Konji%C4%87" title="Muhamed Konjić">Konjić</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>33&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Elvir_Balji%C4%87" title="Elvir Baljić">Baljić</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>45&#39;&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)" title="Penalty kick (association football)">pen.</a>)</span>, <span>82&#39;&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)" title="Penalty kick (association football)">pen.</a>)</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Nermin_%C5%A0abi%C4%87" title="Nermin Šabić">Šabić</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>69&#39;</span></span><br /><a href="/wiki/Marijo_Dodik" title="Marijo Dodik">Dodik</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>85&#39;</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044738/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19769/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Bilino_Polje" title="Bilino Polje">Bilino Polje</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zenica" title="Zenica">Zenica</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 6,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_McDermott_(referee)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John McDermott (referee) (page does not exist)">John McDermott</a> (<a href="/wiki/Football_Association_of_Ireland" title="Football Association of Ireland">Republic of Ireland</a>)</div></div></div> <hr /> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r997937747"><div itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsEvent" class="footballbox" id="Israel_v_Austria"> <div class="fleft"><time><div class="fdate">27 October 2001<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></time></div><table class="fevent"><tbody><tr itemprop="name"> <th class="fhome" itemprop="homeTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team">Israel</a><span class="flagicon">&#160;<span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span></span></th><th class="fscore">1–1</th><th class="faway" itemprop="awayTeam" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/SportsTeam"><span itemprop="name"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team">Austria</a></span></span></th></tr><tr class="fgoals"> <td class="fhgoal"><a href="/wiki/Shimon_Gershon" title="Shimon Gershon">Gershon</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>55&#39;&#160;(<a href="/wiki/Penalty_kick_(association_football)" title="Penalty kick (association football)">pen.</a>)</span></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071126044733/http://www.fifa.com/worldcup/archive/edition=4395/preliminaries/preliminary=3835/matches/match=19768/report.html">Report</a></td> <td class="fagoal"><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Herzog" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Herzog">Herzog</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1194938686"><span class="fb-goal"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Goal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/13px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/20px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Soccerball_shade.svg/26px-Soccerball_shade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="333" data-file-height="333" /></span></span>&#32;<span>90+1&#39;</span></span></td> </tr></tbody></table><div class="fright"><div itemprop="location" itemscope="" itemtype="http&#58;//schema.org/Place"><span itemprop="name address"><a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan_Stadium" title="Ramat Gan Stadium">Ramat Gan Stadium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a></span></div><div>Attendance: 40,000</div><div>Referee: <a href="/wiki/V%C3%ADtor_Melo_Pereira" title="Vítor Melo Pereira">Vítor Melo Pereira</a> (<a href="/wiki/Portuguese_Football_Federation" title="Portuguese Football Federation">Portugal</a>)</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Goalscorers">Goalscorers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Goalscorers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There were 54 goals scored in 20 matches, for an average of 2.7 goals per match. </p><p><b>4 goals</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width:25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andi_Herzog" title="Andi Herzog">Andi Herzog</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_(footballer)" title="Raúl (footballer)">Raúl</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>3 goals</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Baur" title="Michael Baur">Michael Baur</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Elvir_Balji%C4%87" title="Elvir Baljić">Elvir Baljić</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Sergej_Barbarez" title="Sergej Barbarez">Sergej Barbarez</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Hierro" title="Fernando Hierro">Fernando Hierro</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gaizka_Mendieta" title="Gaizka Mendieta">Gaizka Mendieta</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>2 goals</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fl%C3%B6gel" title="Thomas Flögel">Thomas Flögel</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Haim_Revivo" title="Haim Revivo">Haim Revivo</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gerard_L%C3%B3pez" title="Gerard López">Gerard López</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Morientes" title="Fernando Morientes">Fernando Morientes</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Diego_Trist%C3%A1n" title="Diego Tristán">Diego Tristán</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>1 goal</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eduard_Glieder" title="Eduard Glieder">Eduard Glieder</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bruno_Akrapovi%C4%87" title="Bruno Akrapović">Bruno Akrapović</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mirsad_Be%C5%A1lija" title="Mirsad Bešlija">Mirsad Bešlija</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Marijo_Dodik" title="Marijo Dodik">Marijo Dodik</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Almedin_Hota" title="Almedin Hota">Almedin Hota</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Muhamed_Konji%C4%87" title="Muhamed Konjić">Muhamed Konjić</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina_national_football_team" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina national football team"><img alt="Bosnia and Herzegovina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="400" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Nermin_%C5%A0abi%C4%87" title="Nermin Šabić">Nermin Šabić</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yossi_Abuksis" class="mw-redirect" title="Yossi Abuksis">Yossi Abuksis</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Pini_Balili" title="Pini Balili">Pini Balili</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Eyal_Berkovic" title="Eyal Berkovic">Eyal Berkovich</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Shimon_Gershon" title="Shimon Gershon">Shimon Gershon</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Yaniv_Katan" title="Yaniv Katan">Yaniv Katan</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alon_Mizrahi" title="Alon Mizrahi">Alon Mizrahi</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Avi_Nimni" title="Avi Nimni">Avi Nimni</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Israel_national_football_team" title="Israel national football team"><img alt="Israel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/21px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/32px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Flag_of_Israel.svg/41px-Flag_of_Israel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Idan_Tal" title="Idan Tal">Idan Tal</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%A9n_Baraja" title="Rubén Baraja">Rubén Baraja</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Joseba_Etxeberria" title="Joseba Etxeberria">Joseba Etxeberria</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Iv%C3%A1n_Helguera" title="Iván Helguera">Iván Helguera</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Javi_Moreno_(footballer,_born_1974)" title="Javi Moreno (footballer, born 1974)">Javi Moreno</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain_national_football_team" title="Spain national football team"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Miguel_%C3%81ngel_Nadal" title="Miguel Ángel Nadal">Miguel Ángel Nadal</a></li></ul></div> <p><b>1 own goal</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width:25em;"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Austria_national_football_team" title="Austria national football team"><img alt="Austria" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Baur" title="Michael Baur">Michael Baur</a> (against Israel)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The game was originally scheduled for 7 October 2001. On 4 October FIFA announced postponement of the match for safety reasons after a plane departed from Tel Aviv <a href="/wiki/Siberia_Airlines_Flight_1812" title="Siberia Airlines Flight 1812">crashed in the Black Sea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-soccer365_UEFA_2002-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-soccer365_UEFA_2002_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://soccer365.me/competitions/739/2002/">"FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA) 2002, football - table and standings"</a>. <i>soccer365.me</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=soccer365.me&amp;rft.atitle=FIFA+World+Cup+qualification+%28UEFA%29+2002%2C+football+-+table+and+standings&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsoccer365.me%2Fcompetitions%2F739%2F2002%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2002+FIFA+World+Cup+qualification+%E2%80%93+UEFA+Group+7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/05/sports/plus-soccer-world-cup-qualifier-postponed-in-israel.html">"PLUS: SOCCER; World Cup Qualifier Postponed in Israel (Published 2001)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221019230725/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/10/05/sports/plus-soccer-world-cup-qualifier-postponed-in-israel.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-10-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=PLUS%3A+SOCCER%3B+World+Cup+Qualifier+Postponed+in+Israel+%28Published+2001%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F10%2F05%2Fsports%2Fplus-soccer-world-cup-qualifier-postponed-in-israel.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2002+FIFA+World+Cup+qualification+%E2%80%93+UEFA+Group+7" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fifa.com/">FIFA official page</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rsssf.org/tables/2002q.html">RSSSF - 2002 World Cup Qualification</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allworldcup.narod.ru/">Allworldcup</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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href="/wiki/Template:1998_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification" title="Template:1998 FIFA World Cup qualification">1998</a> </div> <div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/Template:2006_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification" title="Template:2006 FIFA World Cup qualification">2006</a>&#160;»&#160;</div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(AFC)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)">AFC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_first_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC first round">First round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_AFC_second_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – AFC second round">Second round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(AFC)#Play-off" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (AFC)">Play-off</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(CAF)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (CAF)">CAF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CAF_first_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF first round">First round</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CAF_second_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – CAF second round">Second round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(CONCACAF)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONCACAF)">CONCACAF</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CONCACAF_Caribbean_Zone" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Caribbean Zone">Caribbean Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CONCACAF_Central_American_Zone" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Central American Zone">Central American Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CONCACAF_Caribbean/Central_American_Play-offs" class="mw-redirect" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF Caribbean/Central American Play-offs">Play-offs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CONCACAF_semi-finals" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF semi-finals">Semi-finals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_CONCACAF_final_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – CONCACAF final round">Final round</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aztecazo" title="Aztecazo">Mexico 1–2 Costa Rica</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(CONMEBOL)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)">CONMEBOL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(CONMEBOL)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (CONMEBOL)">Group round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(OFC)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)">OFC</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(OFC)#First_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)">First round</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonga_0%E2%80%9322_Australia" title="Tonga 0–22 Australia">Tonga 0–22 Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australia_31%E2%80%930_American_Samoa" title="Australia 31–0 American Samoa">Australia 31–0 American Samoa</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(OFC)#Second_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC)">Second round</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(UEFA)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA)">UEFA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First round <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_1" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 1">Group 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_2" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 2">Group 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_3" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 3">Group 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_4" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 4">Group 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_5" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 5">Group 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_6" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 6">Group 6</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Group 7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_8" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 8">Group 8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_Group_9" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA Group 9">Group 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_England_v_Germany_football_match" title="2000 England v Germany football match">England 0–1 Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_Germany_v_England_football_match" title="2001 Germany v England football match">Germany 1–5 England</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_%E2%80%93_UEFA_second_round" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification – UEFA second round">Second round (play-offs)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(inter-confederation_play-offs)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (inter-confederation play-offs)">Play-offs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(UEFA%E2%80%93AFC_play-off)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (UEFA–AFC play-off)">UEFA v AFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_FIFA_World_Cup_qualification_(OFC%E2%80%93CONMEBOL_play-off)" title="2002 FIFA World Cup qualification (OFC–CONMEBOL play-off)">OFC v CONMEBOL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐4lg44 Cached time: 20241229064707 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.487 seconds Real time usage: 0.656 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 12315/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 166189/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 11587/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 58059/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.204/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3629681/52428800 bytes Number of 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Ian Buchanan (academic)
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class="mw-page-title-main">Ian Buchanan (academic)</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Australian public academic</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Ian Buchanan</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">rural Western Australia</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Australian</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Murdoch_University" title="Murdoch University">Murdoch University</a> BA, PhD</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Professor</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ian Buchanan</b> is an Australian scholar who has published works on <a href="/wiki/Michel_de_Certeau" title="Michel de Certeau">Michel de Certeau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gilles_Deleuze" title="Gilles Deleuze">Gilles Deleuze</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Fredric_Jameson" title="Fredric Jameson">Fredric Jameson</a>. He is Professor of Critical Theory and Cultural Studies at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wollongong" title="University of Wollongong">University of Wollongong</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Buchanan_(academic)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Born in rural Western Australia, Buchanan grew up in the suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Perth,_Western_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Perth, Western Australia">Perth</a>. He did his BA and PhD in the English and Comparative Literature program at <a href="/wiki/Murdoch_University" title="Murdoch University">Murdoch University</a>, graduating in 1995. His PhD dissertation is titled 'Heterology: Towards a Transcendental Empiricist Approach to Cultural Studies.'<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2011, Buchanan has been a member of Faculty of the Arts at the University of Wollongong, where he is Professor of Critical Theory and Cultural Studies.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work">Work</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Buchanan_(academic)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Work"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Buchanan edited special issues of the journals Social Semiotics (vol 7:2, 1997) and South Atlantic Quarterly (vol 93:3, 1997), the latter was subsequently reprinted as the book <i>A Deleuzian Century?</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Buchanan_(academic)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sk.sagepub.com/books/michel-de-certeau"><i>Michel de Certau: Cultural Theorist</i> (London: 2000, SAGE Publications)</a> ISBN 0761958983</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/32136102/Ian_Buchanan_Deleuzism_A_Metacommentary_Edinburgh_University_Press_2000_pdf"><i>Deleuze: A Metacommentary</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000)</a> ISBN 0748610057</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ro.uow.edu.au/artspapers/1470/"><i>Fredric Jameson: Live Theory</i> (London &amp; New York: Continuum, 2006)</a> ISBN 082649109X</li> <li><i>D<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/741691517">eleuze and Guattari's Anti-Oedipus</a></i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/741691517">(London &amp; New York: Continuum, 2008)</a> ISBN 0826491499</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/assemblage-theory-and-method-9781350015531/"><i>Assemblage Theory and Method: An Introduction and Guide</i> (London &amp; New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 2020)</a> ISBN 1350015555</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/book-the-incomplete-project-of-schizoanalysis.html"><i>The Incomplete Project of Schizoanalysis: Collected Essays on Deleuze and Guattari</i> (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2021)</a> ISBN 1474487890</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ian_Buchanan_(academic)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBuchanan1995" class="citation thesis cs1">Buchanan, Ian (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/50360/"><i>Heterology: Towards a transcendental empiricist approach to cultural studies</i></a> (phd thesis). Murdoch University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=Heterology%3A+Towards+a+transcendental+empiricist+approach+to+cultural+studies&amp;rft.degree=phd&amp;rft.inst=Murdoch+University&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.aulast=Buchanan&amp;rft.aufirst=Ian&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchrepository.murdoch.edu.au%2Fid%2Feprint%2F50360%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Buchanan+%28academic%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholars.uow.edu.au/ian-buchanan">"Ian Buchanan (faculty page)"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ian+Buchanan+%28faculty+page%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fscholars.uow.edu.au%2Fian-buchanan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIan+Buchanan+%28academic%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output 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George M. Martin
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Martin</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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Martin – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="George M. 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American biogerontologist (1927–2022)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George M. Martin</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">June 30, 1927<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/New_York,_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="New York, New York">New York, New York</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><time class="dday deathdate" datetime="2022-12-17">December 17, 2022</time> (aged&#160;95)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>, United States</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> (BS, 1949)<br /><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Washington School of Medicine">University of Washington School of Medicine</a> (MD, 1952)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Fields</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Gerontology" title="Gerontology">Gerontology</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George M. Martin</b> (June 30, 1927 – December 17, 2022) was an American <a href="/wiki/Biogerontology" title="Biogerontology">biogerontologist</a>. He was a faculty member at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> from 1957 until the end of his career. Martin was a professor emeritus in the Department of <a href="/wiki/Pathology" title="Pathology">Pathology</a>, adjunct professor of <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> sciences, and director emeritus of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a>'s Alzheimer's Disease Research Center.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Martin is best known as one of the founders of modern biogerontology.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Martin was born in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, the son of a police officer.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Martin attended less than a year at the Cooper Union School of Engineering, and one year at the <a href="/wiki/City_University_of_New_York" title="City University of New York">College of the City of New York</a> before serving in the US <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">Navy</a> from 1945 to 1946.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He moved to Alaska at age 19, and held various jobs including playing trumpet in a jazz band and working for a railroad company.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After two years at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Alaska_Fairbanks" title="University of Alaska Fairbanks">University of Alaska Fairbanks</a>, Martin completed his undergraduate degree in <a href="/wiki/Chemistry" title="Chemistry">chemistry</a> at the University of Washington in 1949 before completing his medical doctorate from the same institution in 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He subsequently completed his internship at the <a href="/wiki/Montreal_General_Hospital" title="Montreal General Hospital">Montreal General Hospital</a>, followed by a residency in <a href="/wiki/Anatomical_pathology" title="Anatomical pathology">anatomic pathology</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chicago" title="University of Chicago">University of Chicago</a>. In 1957, Martin accepted a faculty position at the University of Washington in the Department of Pathology,<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where he founded the Clinical <a href="/wiki/Cytogenetics" title="Cytogenetics">Cytogenetics</a> Laboratory.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Martin became the founding director of the University of Washington <a href="/wiki/Medical_Scientist_Training_Program" title="Medical Scientist Training Program">Medical Scientist Training Program</a> in 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Martin served as the Scientific Director of the <a href="/wiki/American_Federation_for_Aging_Research" title="American Federation for Aging Research">American Federation for Aging Research</a> and as president of the Tissue Culture Association and the <a href="/wiki/Gerontological_Society_of_America" title="Gerontological Society of America">Gerontological Society of America</a>. He served as a scientific editor and served on editorial boards of many scholarly journals, including <i>Science</i>, <i>Age and Ageing</i>, <i>Mechanisms of Ageing and Development</i>, <i>Aging Cell</i>, <i>Ageing Research Reviews</i>, <i>Geriatrics and Gerontology International</i> and <i>Alzheimer's Disease Review</i>. Martin was also the chairman of the scientific advisory board for The Ellison Biomedical Foundation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Martin's early work focused on the neurobiology of <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_disease" title="Wilson&#39;s disease">Wilson's disease</a> and the function of caeruloplasmin, the underlying gene responsible for this disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This work served as a catalyst for Martin to learn about <a href="/wiki/Genetics" title="Genetics">genetics</a>, as supported by <a href="/wiki/Arno_Motulsky" title="Arno Motulsky">Arno Motulsky</a>, founder of the University of Washington department of Medical Genetics.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Martin also contributed to early work surrounding the techniques and use of human <a href="/wiki/Cell_culture" title="Cell culture">cell culture</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> including describing donor covariates that contributed to <a href="/wiki/Hayflick_limit" title="Hayflick limit">replicative limits</a> in culture.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Martin's major research focus involved using genetic approaches to elucidate the pathobiology of <a href="/wiki/Aging" class="mw-redirect" title="Aging">aging</a> and age-related diseases. Martin's work provided important insights into multiple topics in the field of geroscience. His group conducted genetic linking studies identifying loci associated with familial forms of <a href="/wiki/Alzheimer%27s_disease" title="Alzheimer&#39;s disease">Alzheimer's disease</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a discovery that led to the recognition of <a href="/wiki/Amyloid_beta" title="Amyloid beta">amyloid beta</a> (Aβ) in the pathology of that disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Martin's group separately identified the genetic defect causing the aging disease <a href="/wiki/Werner_syndrome" title="Werner syndrome">Werner syndrome</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and its underlying contributory mechanisms to the disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His studies provided the first evidence that epithelial cells from arteries, especially from parts that develop severe atherosclerosis, have limited potential to divide.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He and colleagues demonstrated that senescent cells cannot be returned to a replicative state when their cytoplasm is combined with cytoplasm from normal, young cells.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Martin's laboratory was the first to demonstrate the accumulation of somatic <a href="/wiki/Mutations" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutations">mutations</a> in human <a href="/wiki/Epithelial_cells" class="mw-redirect" title="Epithelial cells">epithelial cells</a> during the aging process.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His later research used <a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering" title="Genetic engineering">genetic engineering</a> in mice to elucidate mechanisms of aging and Alzheimer's disease.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Martin was not as well known as a <a href="/wiki/Futurist" title="Futurist">futurist</a>, but some of Martin's ideas predate predictions of better known futurists such as <a href="/wiki/Ray_Kurzweil" title="Ray Kurzweil">Ray Kurzweil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vernor_Vinge" title="Vernor Vinge">Vernor Vinge</a>, and are similar to those eventually championed in the field. In 1971,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> for example, Martin described a process for achieving a condition equatable to <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortality</a> using a scientific process now termed <a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading" title="Mind uploading">mind uploading</a>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The ultimate solution [for immortality] is pure science fiction. In fact, the rationale for implementing the interim solution is largely based upon two articles of faith. The first is the perfectly reasonable proposition that science will continue to grow&#160;&#8211;&#32;if not at its present exponential rate, at least linearly. The second, requiring a good deal more optimism, is the belief that <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens">Homo sapiens</a></i>, during this critical phase of his natural history, will not destroy himself and his planet. We shall assume that developments in neurobiology, bioengineering and related disciplines… will ultimately provide suitable techniques of 'read-out' of the stored information from cryobiologically preserved brains into nth generation computers capable of vastly outdoing the dynamic patterning of operation of our cerebral neurones. We would then join a family of humanoid 'post-somatic' bio-electrical hybrids capable of contributing to cultural evolution at rates far exceeding anything now imaginable.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors">Honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-:5_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sigma_Xi" title="Sigma Xi">Sigma Xi</a></li> <li>Eleanor Roosevelt International Cancer Research Fellow, 1968-1969</li> <li>Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation Faculty Scholar Award, 1978-1979</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_Omega_Alpha" title="Alpha Omega Alpha">Alpha Omega Alpha</a>, 1980</li> <li>Gerontological Society of America Brookdale award, 1980</li> <li>Fellow of the <a href="/wiki/American_Association_for_the_Advancement_of_Science" title="American Association for the Advancement of Science">American Association for the Advancement of Science</a>, 1982</li> <li>University of Washington School of Medicine Outstanding Alumnus Award, 1987<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_MERIT_Award" title="National Institutes of Health MERIT Award">National Institutes of Health Merit Award</a>, 1989</li> <li>Allied Signal Achievement Award in Aging, 1990</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Academy_of_Medicine" title="National Academy of Medicine">National Academy of Medicine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> 1992</li> <li>American Aging Association Research Medal, 1992</li> <li>Gerontological Society of America Donald B. Kent award, 1993<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Federation_for_Aging_Research" title="American Federation for Aging Research">American Federation for Aging Research</a> Irving S. Wright award, 1996<sup id="cite_ref-:3_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harris_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul Harris Fellow">Paul Harris Fellow</a>, Rotary International, 1998</li> <li>Paul Glenn Foundation Award, 1998</li> <li>Distinguished Scientist Award, <a href="/wiki/University_of_Urbino" title="University of Urbino">University of Urbino</a> Faculty of Sciences, 1998</li> <li>World Alzheimer Congress Lifetime Achievement Award, 2000<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>Fondation IPSEN</i> Longevity prize, 2002<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>American Aging Association Distinguished Scientist Award, 2004</li> <li>Shober Prize, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther_University_of_Halle-Wittenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg">Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg</a>, 2005</li> <li>Trustee Emeritus, Buck Institute for Age Research, 2006</li> <li>Honorary Alumnus (NIMH-sponsored Summer Research Institute in Geriatric Psychiatry), 2008</li> <li>Dart/New York University Biotechnology Achievement Award, 2011</li> <li>SENECA Medal for Research into Aging, Industrial Club of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany, 2011</li> <li>Inaugural Science Award of the Buck Institute for Research in Aging, 2011</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pathology.washington.edu/research/labs/Martin">Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the University of Washington</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://depts.washington.edu/mbwc/news/article/happy-90th-birthday-to-dr.-george-martin">"Happy 90th Birthday to Dr. George Martin - Memory and Brain Wellness Center"</a>. <i>depts.washington.edu</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Martin"</a>. <i>The Journals of Gerontology: Series A</i>. <b>78</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">619–</span>620. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgerona%2Fglac257">10.1093/gerona/glac257</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1079-5006">1079-5006</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36609876">36609876</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Journals+of+Gerontology%3A+Series+A&amp;rft.atitle=In+Memory+of+George+M.+Martin&amp;rft.volume=78&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E619-%3C%2Fspan%3E620&amp;rft.date=2023-01-04&amp;rft.issn=1079-5006&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36609876&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgerona%2Fglac257&amp;rft.aulast=Rabinovitch&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter+S&amp;rft.au=Disteche%2C+Christine&amp;rft.au=Kaeberlein%2C+Matt&amp;rft.au=Martin%2C+Kelsey+C&amp;rft.au=Monnat%2C+Raymond+J&amp;rft.au=Oshima%2C+Junko&amp;rft.au=Promislow%2C+Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fgerona%252Fglac257&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAustad2023" class="citation journal cs1">Austad, Steven N. 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H.; Pendergrass, W. R.; Sprague, C. A.; Martin, G. M. (June 1974). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC388425">"Dominance of the senescent phenotype in heterokaryons between replicative and post-replicative human fibroblast-like cells"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</i>. <b>71</b> (6): <span class="nowrap">2231–</span>2235. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1974PNAS...71.2231N">1974PNAS...71.2231N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.71.6.2231">10.1073/pnas.71.6.2231</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC388425">388425</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4366757">4366757</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences+of+the+United+States+of+America&amp;rft.atitle=Dominance+of+the+senescent+phenotype+in+heterokaryons+between+replicative+and+post-replicative+human+fibroblast-like+cells&amp;rft.volume=71&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E2231-%3C%2Fspan%3E2235&amp;rft.date=1974-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC388425%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1974PNAS...71.2231N&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F4366757&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.71.6.2231&amp;rft.issn=0027-8424&amp;rft.aulast=Norwood&amp;rft.aufirst=T.+H.&amp;rft.au=Pendergrass%2C+W.+R.&amp;rft.au=Sprague%2C+C.+A.&amp;rft.au=Martin%2C+G.+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC388425&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartinOgburnColginGown1996" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, G. M.; Ogburn, C. E.; Colgin, L. M.; Gown, A. M.; Edland, S. D.; Monnat, R. J. (February 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F5.2.215">"Somatic mutations are frequent and increase with age in human kidney epithelial cells"</a>. <i>Human Molecular Genetics</i>. <b>5</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">215–</span>221. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fhmg%2F5.2.215">10.1093/hmg/5.2.215</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0964-6906">0964-6906</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8824877">8824877</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Human+Molecular+Genetics&amp;rft.atitle=Somatic+mutations+are+frequent+and+increase+with+age+in+human+kidney+epithelial+cells&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E215-%3C%2Fspan%3E221&amp;rft.date=1996-02&amp;rft.issn=0964-6906&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F8824877&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fhmg%2F5.2.215&amp;rft.aulast=Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=G.+M.&amp;rft.au=Ogburn%2C+C.+E.&amp;rft.au=Colgin%2C+L.+M.&amp;rft.au=Gown%2C+A.+M.&amp;rft.au=Edland%2C+S.+D.&amp;rft.au=Monnat%2C+R.+J.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1093%252Fhmg%252F5.2.215&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuoSebastianSopherMiller1999" class="citation journal cs1">Guo, Q.; Sebastian, L.; Sopher, B. L.; Miller, M. W.; Ware, C. B.; Martin, G. M.; Mattson, M. P. (March 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10037473">"Increased vulnerability of hippocampal neurons from presenilin-1 mutant knock-in mice to amyloid beta-peptide toxicity: central roles of superoxide production and caspase activation"</a>. <i>Journal of Neurochemistry</i>. <b>72</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">1019–</span>1029. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.1999.0721019.x">10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.0721019.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-3042">0022-3042</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10037473">10037473</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221870765">221870765</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Neurochemistry&amp;rft.atitle=Increased+vulnerability+of+hippocampal+neurons+from+presenilin-1+mutant+knock-in+mice+to+amyloid+beta-peptide+toxicity%3A+central+roles+of+superoxide+production+and+caspase+activation&amp;rft.volume=72&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1019-%3C%2Fspan%3E1029&amp;rft.date=1999-03&amp;rft.issn=0022-3042&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A221870765%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10037473&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1471-4159.1999.0721019.x&amp;rft.aulast=Guo&amp;rft.aufirst=Q.&amp;rft.au=Sebastian%2C+L.&amp;rft.au=Sopher%2C+B.+L.&amp;rft.au=Miller%2C+M.+W.&amp;rft.au=Ware%2C+C.+B.&amp;rft.au=Martin%2C+G.+M.&amp;rft.au=Mattson%2C+M.+P.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F10037473&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1971" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, G. M. (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5546258">"Brief proposal on immortality: an interim solution"</a>. <i>Perspectives in Biology and Medicine</i>. <b>14</b> (2): 339. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fpbm.1971.0015">10.1353/pbm.1971.0015</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0031-5982">0031-5982</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/5546258">5546258</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71120068">71120068</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Perspectives+in+Biology+and+Medicine&amp;rft.atitle=Brief+proposal+on+immortality%3A+an+interim+solution&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=339&amp;rft.date=1971&amp;rft.issn=0031-5982&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71120068%23id-name%3DS2CID&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5546258&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fpbm.1971.0015&amp;rft.aulast=Martin&amp;rft.aufirst=G.+M.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F5546258&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ellison-med-fn.org/emf_bio.jsp?pid=74">"EMF: Bio"</a>. <i>www.ellison-med-fn.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.ellison-med-fn.org&amp;rft.atitle=EMF%3A+Bio&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ellison-med-fn.org%2Femf_bio.jsp%3Fpid%3D74&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geron.org/membership/awards/awardees?showall=1">"Awardees"</a>. <i>www.geron.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.geron.org&amp;rft.atitle=Awardees&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geron.org%2Fmembership%2Fawards%2Fawardees%3Fshowall%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaic.alz.org/about/award-lifetime-list.asp">"AAIC Lifetime Achievement Awards | Alzheimer's Association"</a>. <i>AAIC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AAIC&amp;rft.atitle=AAIC+Lifetime+Achievement+Awards+%7C+Alzheimer%27s+Association&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaic.alz.org%2Fabout%2Faward-lifetime-list.asp&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170724005465/en/The-22nd-Longevity-Prize-of-the-Fondation-IPSEN-is-Awarded-to-Andrzej-Bartke">"The 22nd Longevity Prize of the Fondation IPSEN is Awarded to Andrzej Bartke"</a>. <i>www.businesswire.com</i>. 2017-07-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.businesswire.com&amp;rft.atitle=The+22nd+Longevity+Prize+of+the+Fondation+IPSEN+is+Awarded+to+Andrzej+Bartke&amp;rft.date=2017-07-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.businesswire.com%2Fnews%2Fhome%2F20170724005465%2Fen%2FThe-22nd-Longevity-Prize-of-the-Fondation-IPSEN-is-Awarded-to-Andrzej-Bartke&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+M.+Martin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Amagami
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id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Amagami" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Amagami" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&amp;wmf_medium=sidebar&amp;wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&amp;returnto=Amagami" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&amp;returnto=Amagami" title="You&#039;re encouraged to log in; however, it&#039;s not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Plot</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Characters</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Characters-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Characters subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Main_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Main characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supporting_characters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supporting_characters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Supporting characters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Supporting_characters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adaptations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adaptations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Adaptations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Adaptations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Adaptations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Game_ports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Game_ports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Game ports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Game_ports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Manga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Anime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reception</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Amagami</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A" title="أماغامي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أماغامي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A7%88%EA%B0%80%EB%AF%B8" title="아마가미 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아마가미" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%83%9F" title="アマガミ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アマガミ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amagami" title="Amagami – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amagami" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E8%AA%95%E4%B9%8B%E5%90%BB" title="聖誕之吻 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="聖誕之吻" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q452402#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-size:125%; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Amagami</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Amagami.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6d/Amagami.jpg/220px-Amagami.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6d/Amagami.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="250" data-file-height="320" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The cover of <i>Amagami</i>, featuring Tsukasa Ayatsuji</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#DDF; padding:0.3em; line-height:1.3em; font-weight:normal;"><span class="t_nihongo_kanji"><span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja"><span style="font-size:120%">アマガミ</span></span></span></span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harem_(genre)" title="Harem (genre)">Harem</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romantic_comedy" title="Romantic comedy">romantic comedy</a><sup id="cite_ref-themreview_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themreview-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight: bold;">Video game</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_developer" title="Video game developer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enterbrain" title="Enterbrain">Enterbrain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_publisher" title="Video game publisher">Publisher</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Enterbrain, <a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Shoten" title="Kadokawa Shoten">Kadokawa Shoten</a> (EbiKore+)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_genre" title="Video game genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">Dating sim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mahjong" title="Mahjong">Mahjong game</a> (EbiKore+)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Video_game#Gaming_platforms" title="Video game">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a>, <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">March 19, 2009</span></div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><b>PlayStation 2</b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>:</span> March 19, 2009</li></ul></div><i><b>EbiKore+ Amagami</b></i><br /><b>PS2, PSP</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>:</span> March 31, 2011</li></ul></div> <b>PSVita</b><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span style="font-size:97%;"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">JP</a>:</span> January 30, 2014</li></ul></div></li></ul> </div></td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Manga</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#EEF; font-weight:normal;"><i>Amagami: Sincerely Yours</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Kotetsu Sakura</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Enterbrain" title="Enterbrain">Enterbrain</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magazine</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Famitsu Comic Clear</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demographic</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original run</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">October 30, 2009</span> – <span class="nowrap">Jul 30, 2010</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Volumes</th><td class="infobox-data">1</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Manga</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#EEF; font-weight:normal;"><i>Amagami: Precious Diary</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Tarō Shinonome</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hakusensha" title="Hakusensha">Hakusensha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magazine</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_(magazine)" title="Young Animal (magazine)">Young Animal</a><br />Young Animal Island</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demographic</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original run</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">November 27, 2009</span> – <span class="nowrap">September 2010</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Volumes</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Manga</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#EEF; font-weight:normal;"><i>Amagami: Love Goes On!</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Ryuya Kamino</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ASCII_Media_Works" title="ASCII Media Works">ASCII Media Works</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magazine</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Dengeki_Maoh" title="Dengeki Maoh">Dengeki Maoh</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demographic</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original run</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">March 2010</span> – <span class="nowrap">January 27, 2014</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Volumes</th><td class="infobox-data">3</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Manga</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Piaisai</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Enterbrain</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magazine</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Famitsu Comic Clear</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demographic</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dnen_manga" title="Shōnen manga">Shōnen</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original run</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">April 30, 2010</span> – present</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Anime television series</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#EEF; font-weight:normal;"><i>Amagami SS</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Directed&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yoshimasa_Hiraike" title="Yoshimasa Hiraike">Yoshimasa Hiraike</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Yoshimasa Hiraike</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Music&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Toshiyuki Omori</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Studio</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anime_International_Company" title="Anime International Company">AIC</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Licensed&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><div class="nowrap"><span style="font-style:normal;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">NA</a>:</span> <span style="width:10.8em; display:inline-block;" class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Sentai_Filmworks" title="Sentai Filmworks">Sentai Filmworks</a></span></div></li><li><div class="nowrap"><span style="font-style:normal;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>:</span> <span style="width:10.8em; display:inline-block;" class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/MVM_Entertainment" title="MVM Entertainment">MVM Entertainment</a></span></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original network</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Japan_News_Network" title="Japan News Network">JNN</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Broadcasting System Television">TBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chubu-Nippon_Broadcasting" title="Chubu-Nippon Broadcasting">CBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/MBS_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="MBS TV">MBS</a>, <a href="/wiki/BS-TBS" title="BS-TBS">BS-TBS</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">English network</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><div class="nowrap"><span style="font-style:normal;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">NA</a>:</span> <span style="width:10.8em; display:inline-block;" class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Anime_Network" title="Anime Network">Anime Network</a></span></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original run</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> July 2, 2010 </span> – <span class="nowrap"> December 23, 2010</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Episodes</th><td class="infobox-data">26 + 2 OVAs <span class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Amagami_SS_episodes" title="List of Amagami SS episodes">List of episodes</a>)</span></td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Manga</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#EEF; font-weight:normal;"><i>Amagami: Close to You</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Tomoya Andō</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Shoten" title="Kadokawa Shoten">Kadokawa Shoten</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magazine</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Comp_Ace" title="Comp Ace">Comp Ace</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demographic</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published</th><td class="infobox-data">October 2010</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Manga</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#EEF; font-weight:normal;"><i>Amagami: Precious Diary - Kaoru</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Tarō Shinonome</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Published&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Hakusensha" title="Hakusensha">Hakusensha</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Magazine</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_(magazine)" title="Young Animal (magazine)">Young Animal</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_(magazine)" title="Young Animal (magazine)">Young Animal Island</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Demographic</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Seinen_manga" title="Seinen manga">Seinen</a></i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original run</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">November 2010</span> – <span class="nowrap">December 2011</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Volumes</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="background:#CCF; font-weight:bold;">Anime television series</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#EEF; font-weight:normal;"><i>Amagami SS+ plus</i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Directed&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tomoki_Kobayashi" title="Tomoki Kobayashi">Tomoki Kobayashi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Written&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Noboru Kimura</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Music&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data">Toshiyuki Omori</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Studio</th><td class="infobox-data">AIC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Licensed&#160;by</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><div class="nowrap"><span style="font-style:normal;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Northern_America" title="Northern America">NA</a>:</span> <span style="width:10.8em; display:inline-block;" class="wrap">Sentai Filmworks</span></div></li><li><div class="nowrap"><span style="font-style:normal;vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">UK</a>:</span> <span style="width:10.8em; display:inline-block;" class="wrap">MVM Entertainment</span></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original network</th><td class="infobox-data">JNN (TBS, CBC, BS-TBS), <a href="/wiki/Sun_Television" title="Sun Television">SUN</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original run</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"> January 5, 2012 </span> – <span class="nowrap"> March 29, 2012</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Episodes</th><td class="infobox-data">13 + 8 OVAs <span class="noprint">(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Amagami_SS_episodes#Amagami_SS+_plus_(2012)" title="List of Amagami SS episodes">List of episodes</a>)</span></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><i><b>Amagami</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アマガミ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Amagami</i></span>, lit. "Gentle bite"<sup id="cite_ref-fn_1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fn_1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>FN 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</span>, is a Japanese <a href="/wiki/Dating_sim" title="Dating sim">dating simulation</a> game for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_successor" title="Spiritual successor">spiritual successor</a> to <i><a href="/wiki/KimiKiss" title="KimiKiss">KimiKiss</a></i>, both of which were developed and published by <a href="/wiki/Enterbrain" title="Enterbrain">Enterbrain</a>. Amagami was released on March 19, 2009. As of November&#160;2010<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit">&#91;update&#93;</a></sup>, six <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> adaptations have been produced: two serialized in Enterbrain's <i>Famitsu Comic Clear</i>, two in <a href="/wiki/Hakusensha" title="Hakusensha">Hakusensha</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_(magazine)" title="Young Animal (magazine)">Young Animal</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_(magazine)" title="Young Animal (magazine)">Young Animal Island</a></i>, one in <a href="/wiki/ASCII_Media_Works" title="ASCII Media Works">ASCII Media Works</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Dengeki_Maoh" title="Dengeki Maoh">Dengeki Maoh</a></i> and one in <a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Shoten" title="Kadokawa Shoten">Kadokawa Shoten</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Comp_Ace" title="Comp Ace">Comp Ace</a>. An <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> adaptation titled <i><b>Amagami SS</b></i> aired in Japan from July 1, 2010, to December 23, 2010. An anime sequel titled <i><b>Amagami SS+ plus</b></i>, pronounced as "Amagami SS Plus", aired in Japan from January 6, 2012, to March 29, 2012. <a href="/wiki/Seiren" title="Seiren">Seiren</a> is a sequel to the similarly-structured Amagami adaptation, set in the same high school, albeit 9 years later. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Two years ago, Junichi Tachibana had his heart broken by a girl who stood him up on a date on Christmas Eve. Now a second-year student in high school, Junichi is wary of love because of his past and dislikes celebrating Christmas. However this Christmas, his encounter with one of six girls from his school: Haruka Morishima, Kaoru Tanamachi, Sae Nakata, Ai Nanasaki, Rihoko Sakurai, or Tsukasa Ayatsuji will finally open his true self and heart. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characters">Characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Main_characters">Main characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Main characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Junichi Tachibana<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">橘 純一</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tachibana Jun'ichi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Tomoaki_Maeno" title="Tomoaki Maeno">Tomoaki Maeno</a> / <a href="/wiki/Momoko_Sait%C5%8D" title="Momoko Saitō">Momoko Saitō</a> (Childhood)</span></dd> <dd>The lead male protagonist of the story, and class 2A student. He has had a hard time opening up to others since his Christmas Eve date stood him up two years ago. He also fears heights, as he feels uncomfortable when riding elevators. Although his sister thinks of him as unreliable and slightly perverted, in the various character arcs. He shows that he is quite responsible when he puts his mind to it. He is academically better than the average student (particularly in math), but has a tendency to oversleep in the mornings and has to be woken up by his sister Miya.</dd> <dt>Haruka Morishima<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">森島 はるか</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Morishima Haruka</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Shizuka_It%C5%8D" title="Shizuka Itō">Shizuka Itō</a> </span></dd> <dd>A very popular girl in her final year, who has many fans at school. She can be described as a fickle and insecure girl with a liking for cute things, especially puppies. Her best friend is Hibiki Tsukahara and she has a younger brother named Satoshi. She is a quarter British from her mother, whose family's surname is Lovely (thus Haruka's middle name). Possibly as a nod to her heritage, she frequently mixes English phrases into her speech.</dd> <dt>Kaoru Tanamachi<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">棚町 薫</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tanamachi Kaoru</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Rina_Sat%C5%8D" title="Rina Satō">Rina Satō</a></span></dd> <dd>One of Junichi's childhood friends and class 2A classmate, she often hangs out with him and his best friend, Masayoshi. She is unpredictable and is liable to punch or otherwise physically assault Junichi unexpectedly. Kaoru does household chores and works part-time at a family restaurant to help support her single mother, who later dates another man. Her feelings for Junichi have been building since middle school, even though he is usually completely oblivious to it.</dd> <dt>Sae Nakata<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">中多 紗江</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nakata Sae</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Hiromi_Konno" title="Hiromi Konno">Hiromi Konno</a></span></dd> <dd>A friend and classmate of Miya's. Having studied at an all-girls school for most of her life, Sae is incredibly shy around men. She has a soft, quiet voice and though generally reserved, shows a child-like enthusiasm for the Inago Mask superheroes. She also has a severe <a href="/wiki/Cynophobia" title="Cynophobia">fear of dogs</a>. Sae's arc in the anime is unique in that her story is regularly narrated by <a href="/wiki/Jouji_Nakata" title="Jouji Nakata">Jouji Nakata</a>, as well as some instances in breaking the <a href="/wiki/Fourth_wall" title="Fourth wall">fourth wall</a>.</dd> <dt>Ai Nanasaki<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">七咲 逢</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Nanasaki Ai</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Yukana" title="Yukana">Yukana</a></span></dd> <dd>A friend and classmate of Miya's. She is a member of their school's swimming team. She has a younger brother named Ikuo and possesses a cool, calm disposition. She is responsible for maintaining the household as both of her parents work long hours.</dd> <dt>Rihoko Sakurai<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">桜井 梨穂子</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Sakurai Rihoko</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dko_Shintani" title="Ryōko Shintani">Ryōko Shintani</a></span></dd> <dd>She is Junichi's childhood friend who, despite her large appetite for sweets, or because of it, avidly reads the dieting books in the school library. She is a member of the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Tea Club</a>. In Rihoko's arc, it is told more from her perspective rather than Junichi's.</dd> <dt>Tsukasa Ayatsuji<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">絢辻 詞</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ayatsuji Tsukasa</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Kaori_Nazuka" title="Kaori Nazuka">Kaori Nazuka</a></span></dd> <dd>Class 2A's class representative, who excels academically and is a hard worker. While she acts kind and friendly, this is actually a facade that secretly hides the real her, who is manipulative, cunning, and selfish</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Supporting_characters">Supporting characters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Supporting characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Miya Tachibana<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">橘 美也</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tachibana Miya</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Kana_Asumi" title="Kana Asumi">Kana Asumi</a></span></dd> <dd>Junichi's younger sister, who playfully calls her brother, "Nii-nii". She tends to be jealous when her brother is with another girl, with the exceptions of Sae, Ai and Rihoko, who are her close friends. Her favorite food is <a href="/wiki/Nikuman" class="mw-redirect" title="Nikuman">nikuman</a>, which she frequently brings up in conversation, often completely out of context. She often wakes her brother up when it is time for school. She has a very distinctive laugh.</dd> <dt>Maya Takahashi<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">高橋 麻耶</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Takahashi Maya</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Risa_Hayamizu" title="Risa Hayamizu">Risa Hayamizu</a></span></dd> <dd>Class 2A's homeroom teacher. Usually a serious teacher, she easily gets drunk when she drinks amazake. She has a mini route within Ai's route. The 2nd Amagami Chotto Omake Gekijou<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アマガミ ちょっとおまけ劇場</span></span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Fan_disc" title="Fan disc">fan disc</a> expands on this mini-route, making her a winnable heroine.</dd> <dt>Masayoshi Umehara<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">梅原 正吉</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Umehara Masayoshi</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Takuma_Terashima" title="Takuma Terashima">Takuma Terashima</a></span></dd> <dd>Junichi's best friend since childhood, who has an interest in Japanese idols. He often purchases photo books of them and shares them with Junichi. His family owns a sushi shop, which he plans to inherit. He always refers to Junichi as "Boss".</dd> <dt>Kanae Itō<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">伊藤 香苗</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Itō Kanae</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Yuki_Matsuoka" title="Yuki Matsuoka">Yuki Matsuoka</a></span></dd> <dd>A close friend of Rihoko's. She wins the Miss Santa Contest during the Kibitou High School's Founder's Festival should Haruka not participate.</dd> <dt>Keiko Tanaka<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">田中 恵子</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tanaka Keiko</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Mai_Kadowaki" title="Mai Kadowaki">Mai Kadowaki</a></span></dd> <dd>A friend of Kaoru's. A quiet girl, Kaoru and Junichi give her advice on how to deal with her crush on a boy at school.</dd> <dt>Hibiki Tsukahara<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">塚原 響</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Tsukahara Hibiki</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%AB_Asakawa" title="Yū Asakawa">Yū Asakawa</a></span></dd> <dd>Haruka's friend who is captain of the girls' swimming team and Ai's senior. She tends to berate Haruka's frivolous nature. The 4th Amagami Chotto Omake Gekijou<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アマガミ ちょっとおまけ劇場</span></span>)</span> <a href="/wiki/Fan_disc" title="Fan disc">fan disc</a> covers her route, making her a winnable heroine.</dd> <dt>Ruriko Yuzuki<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">夕月 琉璃子</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Yuzuki Ruriko</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: Izumi Satou</span></dd> <dd>Rihoko's senior and a member of the Tea Club. Ruriko tends to worry about Rihoko's clumsiness as the future of the Tea Club will be in the latter's hands once she and Manaka graduate.</dd> <dt>Manaka Hiba<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">飛羽 愛歌</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Hiba Manaka</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Hitomi_Harada" title="Hitomi Harada">Hitomi Harada</a></span></dd> <dd>Rihoko's senior and another member of the Tea Club. Manaka has a rather quiet voice and a tendency to speak cryptically.</dd> <dt>Yukari Ayatsuji<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">絢辻 縁</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Ayatsuji Yukari</i></span><span style="margin-left:.09em">)</span></span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: Aiko Igarashi</span></dd> <dd>Tsukasa's older sister who is pleasant but oblivious and somewhat irresponsible. It these latter traits that Tsukasa dislikes about her sister.</dd> <dt>Risa Kamizaki<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">上崎 裡沙</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Kamizaki Risa</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Mai_Kadowaki" title="Mai Kadowaki">Mai Kadowaki</a></span></dd> <dd>A secret character in the game and anime. A shy girl, Risa has been in love with Junichi since grade school and has been secretly stalking him since. Risa is also the one responsible for what happened two years ago under the belief she was protecting Junichi from humiliation.</dd> <dd>In the Amagami Official Complete Guide, she is listed as a student of class 2-B but in the game, she is a student from class 2-C. In the anime, she is a student from class 2-B and Rihoko's classmate.</dd> <dt>Jessica "Sexy" Morishima<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">森島・S・ジェシカ</span></span>, <span title="Hepburn transliteration"><i lang="ja-Latn">Morishima "Sexy" Jessica</i></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Shizuka_Itou" class="mw-redirect" title="Shizuka Itou">Shizuka Itou</a></span></dd> <dd>A character created exclusively for the Amagami SS+ anime, she is Haruka's cousin and looks exactly like her but with blond hair with green eyes. Her bangs also sway in a different direction than Haruka's, while wearing a white headband. She came to Japan to go sight seeing and also take Haruka back to England in one week prior to their grandparent's request without Junichi knowing the truth.</dd> <dt>Masa<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">マサ</span></span>)</span> &amp; Ken<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">ケン</span></span>)</span></dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Daisuke_Ono" title="Daisuke Ono">Daisuke Ono</a></span> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Tomokazu_Sugita" title="Tomokazu Sugita">Tomokazu Sugita</a> (Drama CD)</dd> <dd>Junichi's two other male friends who do not appear in the anime. Originally, they did not have their own character design, but since their appearance in the Drama CDs, Kisai Takayama, the character designer for the game, created their designs based on ideas by Tomokazu Sugita, Ken's voice actor.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></dd> <dt>Kaoru's Uncle</dt> <dd><span style="font-weight: normal">Voiced by: <a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Kamiya" title="Hiroshi Kamiya">Hiroshi Kamiya</a></span> (Drama CD)</dd> <dd>Kaoru's unnamed uncle in the Drama CD. He is her uncle on her father's side of the family.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adaptations">Adaptations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Adaptations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Game_ports">Game ports</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Game ports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The game saw an updated re-release with a number of bug fixes under the name of <i><b>EbiKore+ Amagami</b></i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">エビコレ+ アマガミ</span></span>)</span> and a port to the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable" title="PlayStation Portable">PlayStation Portable</a> with the same title on March 31, 2011, this time with Kadokawa Games<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as the publisher. This version features a playable <a href="/wiki/Mahjong" title="Mahjong">Mahjong</a> minigame. The PSP version requires at least <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Portable_system_software" title="PlayStation Portable system software">PSP Firmware</a> 6.31 to run. A port was also released for the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_Vita" title="PlayStation Vita">PlayStation Vita</a> on 30 January 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The game was only released in Japan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manga">Manga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Manga"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A multi-volume <a href="/wiki/Tank%C5%8Dbon" title="Tankōbon">tankōbon</a> manga titled <i>Amagami: Various Artists</i> features various short stories written and drawn by various authors. The most recent volume, volume 6, was released on February 25, 2012.</li> <li>Using the same anthology model as Amagami Various Artist, a series titled <i>Majikyu 4-coma Amagami!</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">マジキュー4コマ アマガミ</span></span>)</span> has been publishing by Enterbrain under their Majikyu (shortened for magical-cute) label. The most recent volume, volume 7, was released on June 25, 2012.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">manga</a> adaptation titled <i>Amagami: Sincerely Yours</i>, illustrated by Kotetsu Sakura, began serialization in <a href="/wiki/Enterbrain" title="Enterbrain">Enterbrain</a>'s <i>Famitsu Comic Clear</i> web version from October 30, 2009, but was cancelled in 2010. The first (and only) <i><a href="/wiki/Tank%C5%8Dbon" title="Tankōbon">tankōbon</a></i> volume was published on June 29, 2010, in the middle of the story for Tsukasa Ayatsuji.</li> <li><i>Amagami: Precious Diary</i>, illustrated by Tarō Shinonome, serialized in <a href="/wiki/Hakusensha" title="Hakusensha">Hakusensha</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_(magazine)" title="Young Animal (magazine)">Young Animal</a></i> from November 27, 2009, to March 29. 2012; the manga is also serialized in <i>Young Animal</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">&#39;</span>s special edition magazine <i>Young Animal Island</i> in irregular intervals. The first volume was released on June 15, 2010. The first 2 volumes focuses on Tsukasa Ayatsuji, while volumes 3 and 4 focuses on Kaoru Tanamachi. A fifth volume which is an anthology of 10 previously published special chapters in colors with various illustrations included was published on June 29, 2012; the limited edition has Haruka &amp; Rihoko on cover while the standard edition has Ai &amp; Sae.</li> <li><i>Amagami: Love Goes On!</i>, illustrated by Ryuya Kamino, which focuses on Junichi's relationship with each of the series heroines, began serialization in the March 2010 issue of <a href="/wiki/ASCII_Media_Works" title="ASCII Media Works">ASCII Media Works</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/Dengeki_Maoh" title="Dengeki Maoh">Dengeki Maoh</a></i>. The first volume, which focuses on Ai Nanasaki, was released on August 27, 2010. The second volume, which focuses on Haruka Morishima, was released on December 17, 2011. The current character arc being serialized focuses on Rihoko Sakurai.</li> <li>A manga in <a href="/wiki/Yonkoma" title="Yonkoma">four-panel</a> <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strip</a> format titled <i>Amagami!</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">あまがみっ!</span></span>)</span>, illustrated by Piaisai, was serialized in <i>Famitsu Comic Clear</i> from April 30, 2010, to July 15, 2011, with 2 tankoubon published.</li> <li>A follow-up to the above serialization named <i>Amagami! SS+ plus!</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">あまがみっ!SS+ plus!</span></span>)</span> started serializing in the same online magazine on July 27, 2012. This serialization is not in four-panel format.</li> <li><i>Amagami: Close to You</i>, illustrated by Tomoya Andō, which focuses on Rihoko Sakurai, is published in <a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Shoten" title="Kadokawa Shoten">Kadokawa Shoten</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Comp_Ace" title="Comp Ace">Comp Ace</a> but was later cancelled after one chapter due to the artist's health.</li> <li><i>Amagami: Dreamy Forever</i>, illustrated by Hyura Konata, tells the story of Junichi and his growing relationship with the series heroines from his sister Miya's perspective, is published in <a href="/wiki/Kadokawa_Shoten" title="Kadokawa Shoten">Kadokawa Shoten</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Comp_Ace" title="Comp Ace">Comp Ace</a>. Each <i><a href="/wiki/Tank%C5%8Dbon" title="Tankōbon">tankōbon</a></i> volume focuses on one of the girls with the 1st volume focusing on Haruka. Currently on hiatus.</li> <li>A different serialization titled <i>Amagami wa!</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アマガミ わっ!</span></span>)</span> started in the quarterly magazine amaro on December 24, 2011. With the main story surrounding Rihoko and her 2 seniors in the Tea Ceremony Club. This title has been moved to amaro Trial Comic section with a bi-monthly publish schedule since chapter 2 on June 13, 2012.</li> <li>A four-panel series '<i>Amagamini!</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アマガミニ!</span></span>)</span>' started serialized, in commemoration of the 2nd Anime season, on Young Animal magazine. The story surrounding the interaction between the younger version of the main heroines and Tachibana Junichi, as their teacher, in the Tachibana Kindergarten.</li> <li>There is another four-panel serialization titled '<i>Amagamisuto e no michi!</i><span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">アマガミストへの道</span></span>, Road to Amagamist)</span>' that was published weekly from early 2009. But serialization ended abruptly after publishing 1 tankōbon under Famitsu Comic Clear label on October 15, 2010.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anime">Anime</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Anime"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Amagami_SS_episodes" title="List of Amagami SS episodes">List of Amagami SS episodes</a></div> <p>An <a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">anime</a> television series adaptation by <a href="/wiki/Anime_International_Company" title="Anime International Company">AIC</a> titled <i>Amagami SS</i><sup id="cite_ref-animeann_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-animeann-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> aired from July 2, 2010, to December 23, 2010, in Japan. The anime adaptation is divided into six four-episode <a href="/wiki/Story_arc" title="Story arc">story arcs</a> where each arc focuses on one of the main heroines who will become Junichi's love interest along with two extra episodes that focuses on Risa Kamizaki and Miya Tachibana.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Also included are two bonus OVA Short Story DVDs that were delivered to customers who ordered the first six Blu-ray/DVDs for the first OVA and the next six Blu-ray/DVDs for the second OVA.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On May 21, 2011, <a href="/wiki/Sentai_Filmworks" title="Sentai Filmworks">Sentai Filmworks</a> announced at Anime Central 2011 they have licensed the anime series for North America.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On August 13, 2011, it was announced that Amagami SS would get a second season.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The anime has ten pieces of <a href="/wiki/Theme_music" title="Theme music">theme music</a>: two opening themes and eight ending themes; each ending theme is sung by the voice actresses of the heroines of the series in their respective story arc. The first opening theme is "i Love" by azusa which ran from episode 1 to 13 and was released on July 19, 2010. The second opening theme is "Kimi no Mama de"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">君のままで</span></span>, "Just Being You")</span> by azusa which was used from episode 14 to 26 and was released on October 20, 2010. The first ending theme, used for episodes one through four, is "Kimi no Hitomi ni Koishiteru"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">キミの瞳に恋してる</span></span>, "I Love Your Eyes")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Shizuka_It%C5%8D" title="Shizuka Itō">Shizuka Itō</a> and was released on July 21, 2010. The second ending theme, used for episodes five through eight, is "Kitto Ashita wa..."<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">きっと明日は...</span></span>, "Surely Tomorrow Will...")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Rina_Sat%C5%8D" title="Rina Satō">Rina Satō</a> and was released on August 18, 2010. The third ending theme, used for episodes nine through twelve, is "Anata Shika Mienai"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">あなたしか見えない</span></span>, "I Can't See Anything But You")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Hiromi_Konno" title="Hiromi Konno">Hiromi Konno</a> and was released on September 15, 2010. The fourth ending theme, used for episodes 13 through 16, is "Koi wa Mizuiro"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">恋はみずいろ</span></span>, "Love is Colored Like Water")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Yukana" title="Yukana">Yukana</a> and was released on October 20, 2010. The fifth ending theme, used for episodes 17 through 20, is "Koi wa Aserazu"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">恋はあせらず</span></span>, "Love is Calm")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Ry%C5%8Dko_Shintani" title="Ryōko Shintani">Ryōko Shintani</a> and was released on November 17, 2010. The sixth ending theme, used for episodes 21 through 24, is "Nageki no Tenshi"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">嘆きの天使</span></span>, "The Angel of Lamentation")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Kaori_Nazuka" title="Kaori Nazuka">Kaori Nazuka</a> and was released on December 15, 2010. The seventh ending theme, used for episode 25 is "Koi no Yukue"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">恋のゆくえ</span></span>, "Love's Course")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Mai_Kadowaki" title="Mai Kadowaki">Mai Kadowaki</a>. The eighth and final ending theme, used for episode 26 is "Suteki na Aru Hi"<span style="font-weight: normal"> (<span title="Japanese-language text"><span lang="ja">素敵なある日</span></span>, "Nice Day")</span> by <a href="/wiki/Kana_Asumi" title="Kana Asumi">Kana Asumi</a>. Both the seventh and eighth ending themes were released on January 19, 2011. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The anime adaptation received positive reviews. THEM anime gave Amagami SS 3 out of 5 stars. They sum up the review saying it could have been better but overall an enjoyable series for older teens.<sup id="cite_ref-themreview_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-themreview-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Chris Beveridge from The Fandom Post gave the complete collection content a grade of A−. He recommended it for fans wanting different story arcs, and cited that it plays to the series roots as a video game.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-fn_1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fn_1_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As explained in Episode 26 of the <i>Amagami SS</i> animated series.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-themreview-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-themreview_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-themreview_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=1312">"Amagami SS"</a>. <i>THEM anime reviews</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211020003444/https://www.themanime.org/viewreview.php?id=1312">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=THEM+anime+reviews&amp;rft.atitle=Amagami+SS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themanime.org%2Fviewreview.php%3Fid%3D1312&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Drama CD Amagami Vol. 4, Sae Nakata Chapter~This year, with you~ (ドラマCD アマガミ vol.4 中多紗江編~今年も、あなたと~). Tablier Communications inc. ASIN: B00309UCKG</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110120162214/http://www.kadokawagames.co.jp/title/detail/000089.php">"エビコレ+ アマガミ - KADOKAWA GAMES"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kadokawagames.co.jp/title/detail/000089.php">the original</a> on January 20, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 7,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E3%82%A8%E3%83%93%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AC%2B+%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%83%9F+-+KADOKAWA+GAMES&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kadokawagames.co.jp%2Ftitle%2Fdetail%2F000089.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">2013-10-29, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.siliconera.com/2013/10/29/first-look-amagami-playstation-vita/">First Look At Amagami On PlayStation Vita</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131031100402/http://www.siliconera.com/2013/10/29/first-look-amagami-playstation-vita/">Archived</a> 2013-10-31 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Siliconera</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-animeann-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-animeann_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-04-24/amagami-romance-game-tv-anime-announced">"<i>Amagami</i> Romance Game TV Anime Announced"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. April 24, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100825022534/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-04-24/amagami-romance-game-tv-anime-announced">Archived</a> from the original on August 25, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Amagami+Romance+Game+TV+Anime+Announced&amp;rft.pub=Anime+News+Network&amp;rft.date=2010-04-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2010-04-24%2Famagami-romance-game-tv-anime-announced&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-08-24/voice-actress/amagami-game-risa-kamizaki-gets-anime">"Voice Actress: <i>Amagami</i> Game's Risa Kamizaki Gets Anime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. August 24, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100826184931/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-08-24/voice-actress/amagami-game-risa-kamizaki-gets-anime">Archived</a> from the original on August 26, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Voice+Actress%3A+Amagami+Game%27s+Risa+Kamizaki+Gets+Anime&amp;rft.pub=Anime+News+Network&amp;rft.date=2010-08-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2010-08-24%2Fvoice-actress%2Famagami-game-risa-kamizaki-gets-anime&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-09-24/amagami-game-miya-tachibana-character-gets-video-anime">"Amagami Game's Miya Tachibana Character Gets Video Anime"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. September 24, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101027132756/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-09-24/amagami-game-miya-tachibana-character-gets-video-anime">Archived</a> from the original on October 27, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 20,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Amagami+Game%27s+Miya+Tachibana+Character+Gets+Video+Anime&amp;rft.pub=Anime+News+Network&amp;rft.date=2010-09-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2010-09-24%2Famagami-game-miya-tachibana-character-gets-video-anime&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbs.co.jp/anime/amagami/1st/goods/disc_1.html">"TBSアニメーション・アマガミSS公式ホームページ・グッズ情報"</a>. <i>TBSテレビ</i> (in Japanese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422034059/http://www.tbs.co.jp/anime/amagami/1st/goods/disc_1.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2023-04-22<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=TBS%E3%83%86%E3%83%AC%E3%83%93&amp;rft.atitle=TBS%E3%82%A2%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A1%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A7%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%9E%E3%82%AC%E3%83%9FSS%E5%85%AC%E5%BC%8F%E3%83%9B%E3%83%BC%E3%83%A0%E3%83%9A%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B8%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%83%E3%82%BA%E6%83%85%E5%A0%B1&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbs.co.jp%2Fanime%2Famagami%2F1st%2Fgoods%2Fdisc_1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-07-09/amagami-ss-bd/dvd-buyers-offered-2-bonus-dvds">"Amagami SS BD/DVD Buyers Offered 2 Bonus DVDs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. July 9, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100913004228/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2010-07-09/amagami-ss-bd/dvd-buyers-offered-2-bonus-dvds">Archived</a> from the original on September 13, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Amagami+SS+BD%2FDVD+Buyers+Offered+2+Bonus+DVDs&amp;rft.pub=Anime+News+Network&amp;rft.date=2010-07-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2010-07-09%2Famagami-ss-bd%2Fdvd-buyers-offered-2-bonus-dvds&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-05-21/sentai-filmworks-adds-mm-amagami-ss">"Sentai Filmworks Adds MM!, Amagami SS"</a>. Anime News Network. May 21, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110523060637/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-05-21/sentai-filmworks-adds-mm-amagami-ss">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Sentai+Filmworks+Adds+MM%21%2C+Amagami+SS&amp;rft.pub=Anime+News+Network&amp;rft.date=2011-05-21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2011-05-21%2Fsentai-filmworks-adds-mm-amagami-ss&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-08-13/amagami-ss-anime-gets-2nd-season">"Amagami SS Anime Gets 2nd Season"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>. August 13, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110819203052/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2011-08-13/amagami-ss-anime-gets-2nd-season">Archived</a> from the original on August 19, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 13,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Amagami+SS+Anime+Gets+2nd+Season&amp;rft.pub=Anime+News+Network&amp;rft.date=2011-08-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.animenewsnetwork.com%2Fnews%2F2011-08-13%2Famagami-ss-anime-gets-2nd-season&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChris_Beveridge2014" class="citation web cs1">Chris Beveridge (November 10, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fandompost.com/2014/11/10/amagami-ss-season-1-complete-collection-blu-ray-anime-review/">"Amagami SS Season 1 Complete Collection Blu-ray Anime Review"</a>. <i>www.fandompost.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822214041/http://www.fandompost.com/2014/11/10/amagami-ss-season-1-complete-collection-blu-ray-anime-review/">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 26,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.fandompost.com&amp;rft.atitle=Amagami+SS+Season+1+Complete+Collection+Blu-ray+Anime+Review&amp;rft.date=2014-11-10&amp;rft.au=Chris+Beveridge&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fandompost.com%2F2014%2F11%2F10%2Famagami-ss-season-1-complete-collection-blu-ray-anime-review%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmagami" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amagami&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amagami.info/index.html">Video game official website</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tbs.co.jp/anime/amagami/index-j.html">Amagami SS official website</a> on <a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Broadcasting_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokyo Broadcasting System">TBS</a> <span class="languageicon">(in Japanese)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/anime.php?id=11474"><i>Amagami SS</i></a> (anime) at <a href="/wiki/Anime_News_Network" title="Anime News Network">Anime News Network</a>'s encyclopedia</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Anime_International_Company_television_series" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:AIC_TV_series" title="Template:AIC TV series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:AIC_TV_series" title="Template talk:AIC TV series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:AIC_TV_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:AIC TV series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anime_International_Company_television_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anime_International_Company" title="Anime International Company">Anime International Company</a> television series</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AIC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenchi_Universe" title="Tenchi Universe">Tenchi Universe</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El-Hazard" title="El-Hazard">El-Hazard: The Wanderers</a></i> (1995–1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magical_Project_S" title="Magical Project S">Magical Project S</a></i> (1996–1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenchi_in_Tokyo" title="Tenchi in Tokyo">Tenchi in Tokyo</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Athletes" title="Battle Athletes">Battle Athletes Victory</a></i> (1997–1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vampire_Princess_Miyu" title="Vampire Princess Miyu">Vampire Princess Miyu</a></i> (1997–1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burn-Up_Excess" title="Burn-Up Excess">Burn-Up Excess</a></i> (1997–1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/El-Hazard" title="El-Hazard">El-Hazard: The Alternative World</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Record_of_Lodoss_War" title="Record of Lodoss War">Record of Lodoss War: Chronicles of the Heroic Knight</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nightwalker:_The_Midnight_Detective" title="Nightwalker: The Midnight Detective">Nightwalker: The Midnight Detective</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bubblegum_Crisis_Tokyo_2040" title="Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040">Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040</a></i> (1998–1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A.D._Police:_To_Protect_and_Serve" title="A.D. Police: To Protect and Serve">A.D. Police: To Protect and Serve</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dual!_Parallel_Trouble_Adventure" title="Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure">Dual! Parallel Trouble Adventure</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Black_Heaven" title="Black Heaven">Black Heaven</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blue_Gender" title="Blue Gender">Blue Gender</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trouble_Chocolate" title="Trouble Chocolate">Trouble Chocolate</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Now_and_Then,_Here_and_There" title="Now and Then, Here and There">Now and Then, Here and There</a></i> (1999–2000)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Dangaioh" title="Great Dangaioh">Great Dangaioh</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenchi_Muyo!_GXP" title="Tenchi Muyo! GXP">Tenchi Muyo! GXP</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Petite_Princess_Yucie" title="Petite Princess Yucie">Petite Princess Yucie</a></i> (2002–2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_Programmer_Shirase" title="Battle Programmer Shirase">Battle Programmer Shirase</a></i> (2003–2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh_My_Goddess!" title="Oh My Goddess!">Ah! My Goddess</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solty_Rei" title="Solty Rei">Solty Rei</a></i> (2005–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh_My_Goddess!" title="Oh My Goddess!">Ah! My Goddess: Flights of Fancy</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yoshimune_(TV_series)" title="Yoshimune (TV series)">Yoshimune</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_Scissors" title="Pumpkin Scissors">Pumpkin Scissors</a></i> (2006–2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Bride_Is_a_Mermaid" title="My Bride Is a Mermaid">My Bride Is a Mermaid</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Oh_My_Goddess!" title="Oh My Goddess!">Ah! My Goddess: Fighting Wings</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S.A_(manga)" title="S.A (manga)">S · A: Special A</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samurai_Harem:_Asu_no_Yoichi" title="Samurai Harem: Asu no Yoichi">Samurai Harem: Asu no Yoichi</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyan_Koi!" title="Nyan Koi!">Nyan Koi!</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Whispered_Words" title="Whispered Words">Whispered Words</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ckami_Kakushi" title="Ōkami Kakushi">Ōkami Kakushi</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mayoi_Neko_Overrun!" title="Mayoi Neko Overrun!">Mayoi Neko Overrun!</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amagami SS</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shukufuku_no_Campanella" title="Shukufuku no Campanella">Shukufuku no Campanella</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Everyday_Tales_of_a_Cat_God" title="The Everyday Tales of a Cat God">The Everyday Tales of a Cat God</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/R-15_(novel_series)" title="R-15 (novel series)">R-15</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amagami SS+ plus</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Place_to_Place" title="Place to Place">Place to Place</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Star_Blazers:_Space_Battleship_Yamato_2199" title="Star Blazers: Space Battleship Yamato 2199">Space Battleship Yamato 2199</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Day_Break_Illusion" title="Day Break Illusion">Day Break Illusion</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AIC ASTA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Godannar" title="Godannar">Godannar</a></i> (2003–2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Heart" title="To Heart">To Heart: Remember My Memories</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Magical_Kanan" title="Magical Kanan">Magical Canan</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gun_Sword" title="Gun Sword">Gun Sword</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lovely_Idol" title="Lovely Idol">Lovely Idol</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokimeki_Memorial_Only_Love" title="Tokimeki Memorial Only Love">Tokimeki Memorial Only Love</a></i> (2006–2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_Blade" title="Bamboo Blade">Bamboo Blade</a></i> (2007–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astro_Fighter_Sunred" title="Astro Fighter Sunred">Astro Fighter Sunred</a></i> (2008–2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Astro_Fighter_Sunred" title="Astro Fighter Sunred">Astro Fighter Sunred 2</a></i> (2009–2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Lost_Property" title="Heaven&#39;s Lost Property">Heaven's Lost Property</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heaven%27s_Lost_Property" title="Heaven&#39;s Lost Property">Heaven's Lost Property: Forte</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Persona_4:_The_Animation" title="Persona 4: The Animation">Persona 4: The Animation</a></i> (2011–2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Humanity_Has_Declined" title="Humanity Has Declined">Humanity Has Declined</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AIC Spirits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Burn-Up_Scramble" title="Burn-Up Scramble">Burn-Up Scramble</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girls_Bravo" title="Girls Bravo">Girls Bravo</a></i> (2004–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sasami:_Magical_Girls_Club" title="Sasami: Magical Girls Club">Sasami: Magical Girls Club</a></i> (2006–2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokko_(manga)" title="Tokko (manga)">Tokko</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Majin" title="Tokyo Majin">Tokyo Majin</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Majin" title="Tokyo Majin">Tokyo Majin: 2nd Act</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Luck!_Ninomiya-kun" title="Good Luck! Ninomiya-kun">Good Luck! Ninomiya-kun</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moegaku" title="Moegaku">Moegaku★5</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ga-Rei" title="Ga-Rei">Ga-Rei: Zero</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Viper%27s_Creed" title="Viper&#39;s Creed">Viper's Creed</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Strike_Witches" title="Strike Witches">Strike Witches 2</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maken-ki!" title="Maken-ki!">Maken-ki!</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AIC Plus+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/GA_Geijutsuka_Art_Design_Class" title="GA Geijutsuka Art Design Class">GA Geijutsuka Art Design Class</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cat_Planet_Cuties" title="Cat Planet Cuties">Cat Planet Cuties</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Everyday_Tales_of_a_Cat_God" title="The Everyday Tales of a Cat God">Nekogami Yaoyorozu</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Date_A_Live" title="Date A Live">Date A Live</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Super_Seisyun_Brothers" title="Super Seisyun Brothers">Super Seisyun Brothers</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupip%C5%8D!" title="Pupipō!">Pupipō!</a></i> (2013–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ai_Tenchi_Muyo!" title="Ai Tenchi Muyo!">Ai Tenchi Muyo!</a></i> (2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AIC Build</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Oreimo" title="Oreimo">Ore no Imōto ga Konna ni Kawaii Wake ga Nai</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haganai" title="Haganai">Haganai</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love,_Election_and_Chocolate" title="Love, Election and Chocolate">Love, Election and Chocolate</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Haganai" title="Haganai">Haganai NEXT</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">AIC Classic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Wandering_Son" title="Wandering Son">Wandering Son</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kotoura-san" title="Kotoura-san">Kotoura-san</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Anime_International_Company" title="Category:Anime International Company">Category</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Young_Animal_series" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Young_Animal" title="Template:Young Animal"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Young_Animal" title="Template talk:Young Animal"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Young_Animal" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Young Animal"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Young_Animal_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><i>Young Animal</i> series</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_(magazine)" title="Young Animal (magazine)">Young Animal</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Berserk_(manga)" title="Berserk (manga)">Berserk</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Futari_Ecchi" title="Futari Ecchi">Futari Ecchi</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_Comes_In_like_a_Lion" title="March Comes In like a Lion">March Comes In like a Lion</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ninja_Girl_%26_Samurai_Master" title="Ninja Girl &amp; Samurai Master">Nobunaga no Shinobi</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_Behemoth" title="I&#39;m a Behemoth">I'm a Behemoth, an S-Ranked Monster, but Mistaken for a Cat, I Live as an Elf Girl's Pet</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Valiant_Must_Fall" title="The Valiant Must Fall">The Valiant Must Fall</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peleliu:_Guernica_of_Paradise" title="Peleliu: Guernica of Paradise">Peleliu Gaiden</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Shiunji_Family_Children" title="The Shiunji Family Children">The Shiunji Family Children</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_wa_Lady_no_Tashinamideshite" title="Rock wa Lady no Tashinamideshite">Rock wa Lady no Tashinamideshite</a></i> (2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Now_That_We_Draw" title="Now That We Draw">Now That We Draw </a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watashi_no_Hatsukoi_wa_Hazukashisugite_Dare_ni_mo_Ienai" title="Watashi no Hatsukoi wa Hazukashisugite Dare ni mo Ienai">Watashi no Hatsukoi wa Hazukashisugite Dare ni mo Ienai</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Japan_(1992_manga)" title="Japan (1992 manga)">Japan</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Dream_of_Mimi" title="I Dream of Mimi">Buttobi!! CPU</a></i> (1993–1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Master" title="Air Master">Air Master</a></i> (1996–2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cestvs:_The_Roman_Fighter" title="Cestvs: The Roman Fighter">Kentō Ankoku Den Cestvs</a></i> (1997–2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ai_Yori_Aoshi" title="Ai Yori Aoshi">Ai Yori Aoshi</a></i> (1998–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mouse_(manga)" title="Mouse (manga)">Mouse</a></i> (1999–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Holyland_(manga)" title="Holyland (manga)">Holyland</a></i> (2000–2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yubisaki_Milk_Tea" title="Yubisaki Milk Tea">Yubisaki Milk Tea</a></i> (2002–2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chocotto_Sister" title="Chocotto Sister">Chocotto Sister</a></i> (2003–2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/This_Ugly_yet_Beautiful_World" title="This Ugly yet Beautiful World">This Ugly yet Beautiful World</a></i> (2003–2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yuria_100_Shiki" title="Yuria 100 Shiki">Yuria 100 Shiki</a></i> (2005–2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metal_City" title="Detroit Metal City">Detroit Metal City</a></i> (2005–2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/KimiKiss" title="KimiKiss">KimiKiss: Various Heroines</a></i> (2006–2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jisatsut%C5%8D" title="Jisatsutō">Jisatsutō</a></i> (2008–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sickness_Unto_Death_(manga)" title="Sickness Unto Death (manga)">Sickness Unto Death</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Usotsuki_Paradox" title="Usotsuki Paradox">Usotsuki Paradox</a></i> (2009–2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nana_%26_Kaoru" title="Nana &amp; Kaoru">Nana &amp; Kaoru</a></i> (2009–2016)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amagami: Precious Diary</a></i> (2009–2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Yamimushi" title="Tokyo Yamimushi">Tokyo Yamimushi</a></i> (2010–2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cestvs:_The_Roman_Fighter" title="Cestvs: The Roman Fighter">Kentō Shitō Den Cestvs</a></i> (2010–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Photo_Kano" title="Photo Kano">Photo Kano: Your Eyes Only</a></i> (2012–2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_Yamimushi" title="Tokyo Yamimushi">Tokyo Yamimushi -2nd Scenario- Pandora</a></i> (2013–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Giganto_Maxia" title="Giganto Maxia">Giganto Maxia</a></i> (2013–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Clumsy_you_are,_Miss_Ueno" title="How Clumsy you are, Miss Ueno">How Clumsy you are, Miss Ueno</a></i> (2015–2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/March_Comes_In_like_a_Lion" title="March Comes In like a Lion">Sangatsu no Lion Shouwa Ibun: Shakunetsu no Toki</a></i> (2015–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peleliu:_Guernica_of_Paradise" title="Peleliu: Guernica of Paradise">Peleliu: Guernica of Paradise</a></i> (2016–2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Record_of_Grancrest_War" title="Record of Grancrest War">Record of Grancrest War</a></i> (2016–2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asobi_Asobase" title="Asobi Asobase">Asobi Asobase</a></i> (2016–2022)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tenjiku_Nepp%C5%ABroku" title="Tenjiku Neppūroku">Tenjiku Neppūroku</a></i> (2016–2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boku_wa_Ikemen" title="Boku wa Ikemen">Boku wa Ikemen</a></i> (2016–2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gal_Gohan" title="Gal Gohan">Gal Gohan</a></i> (2016–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dokunie_Cooking" title="Dokunie Cooking">Dokunie Cooking</a></i> (2017–2019)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Last_Crusade_or_the_Rise_of_a_New_World" title="Our Last Crusade or the Rise of a New World">Our Last Crusade or the Rise of a New World</a></i> (2018–2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witches_Are_In_Their_Prime_In_Their_Three-Hundreds" title="Witches Are In Their Prime In Their Three-Hundreds">Witches Are In Their Prime In Their Three-Hundreds</a></i> (2018–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Idaten_Deities_Know_Only_Peace" title="The Idaten Deities Know Only Peace">The Idaten Deities Know Only Peace</a></i> (2018–2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jisatsut%C5%8D" title="Jisatsutō">Muhōtō</a></i> (2019–2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Get_the_Feeling_That_Nobukuni-san_Likes_Me" title="I Get the Feeling That Nobukuni-san Likes Me">I Get the Feeling That Nobukuni-san Likes Me</a></i> (2020–2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_Flops" title="Love Flops">Love Flops</a></i> (2022–2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dsei_no_Taiga" title="Sōsei no Taiga">Sōsei no Taiga</a></i> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><i>Harem</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ero_Ninja_Scrolls" title="Ero Ninja Scrolls">Ero Ninja Scrolls</a></i> (2018–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nana_%26_Kaoru" title="Nana &amp; Kaoru">Nana &amp; Kaoru: Last Year</a></i> (2018–2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><i>Young Animal Zero</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Duranki_(manga)" title="Duranki (manga)">Duranki</a></i> (2019–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cestvs:_The_Roman_Fighter" title="Cestvs: The Roman Fighter">Kendo Shitō Den Cestvs</a></i> (2020–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/S%C5%8Dsei_no_Taiga" title="Sōsei no Taiga">Sōsei no Taiga</a></i> (2023–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Animal_Arashi" title="Young Animal Arashi">Young Animal Arashi</a></i><br /><span class="nobold">(defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nurse_Witch_Komugi" title="Nurse Witch Komugi">Nurse Witch Komugi</a></i> (2003)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Himawari!" title="Himawari!">Himawari!</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nana_%26_Kaoru" title="Nana &amp; Kaoru">Nana &amp; Kaoru</a></i> (2008–2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apocrypha_Getter_Robot_Dash" title="Apocrypha Getter Robot Dash">Apocrypha Getter Robot Dash</a></i> (2009–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_of_Innocence" title="Paradise of Innocence">Paradise of Innocence</a></i> (2010–2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nana_%26_Kaoru" title="Nana &amp; Kaoru">Nana &amp; Kaoru: Black Label</a></i> (2010–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nana_%26_Kaoru" title="Nana &amp; Kaoru">Nana Kao Pink Pure</a></i> (2011–2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nobunaga_no_Shinobi" class="mw-redirect" title="Nobunaga no Shinobi">Nobunaga no Shinobi: Owari Tōitsu-ki</a></i> (2012–2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gou-dere_Sora_Nagihara" title="Gou-dere Sora Nagihara">Gou-dere Sora Nagihara</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Motoyome" title="Motoyome">Motoyome</a></i> (2013–2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cestvs:_The_Roman_Fighter" title="Cestvs: The Roman Fighter">Kentō Shitō Den Cestvs</a></i> (2014–2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Testament_of_Sister_New_Devil" title="The Testament of Sister New Devil">The Testament of Sister New Devil: Storm!</a></i> (2014–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paradise_of_Innocence" title="Paradise of Innocence">Paradise of Innocence Parallel</a></i> (2017–2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Witches_Are_In_Their_Prime_In_Their_Three-Hundreds" title="Witches Are In Their Prime In Their Three-Hundreds">Witches Are In Their Prime In Their Three-Hundreds</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I%27m_a_Behemoth" title="I&#39;m a Behemoth">I'm a Behemoth, an S-Ranked Monster, but Mistaken for a Cat, I Live as an Elf Girl's Pet</a></i> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><i>Young Animal Island</i><br /><span class="nobold">(defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Gou-dere_Sora_Nagihara" title="Gou-dere Sora Nagihara">Gou-dere Sora Nagihara</a></i> (2008–2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Your_Diary_(video_game)" title="Your Diary (video game)">Your Diary</a></i> (2012–2014)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><i>Young Animal Densi</i><br /><span class="nobold">(defunct)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Kine-san_no_Hitori_de_Cinema" title="Kine-san no Hitori de Cinema">Kine-san no Hitori de Cinema</a></i> (2015–2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asobi_Asobase" title="Asobi Asobase">Asobi Asobase</a></i> (2015–2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center"><i>Monthly Animal House</i><br /><span class="nobold">(<i>Young Animal</i> predecessor)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Wolves" title="King of Wolves">King of Wolves</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Berserk_(manga)" title="Berserk (manga)">Berserk</a></i> (1989–1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_Wolves" title="King of Wolves">Ōrō Den</a></i> (1990)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Website: <span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.younganimal.com">www<wbr />.younganimal<wbr />.com</a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐76ccb8c4bd‐vwk97 Cached time: 20250104010322 Cache expiry: 82606 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.770 seconds Real time usage: 0.994 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 6024/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 150666/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 12568/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 23/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 73248/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.490/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 25986112/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 879.426 1 -total 28.56% 251.198 9 Template:Infobox 24.63% 216.563 1 Template:Infobox_animanga/Header 18.21% 160.162 2 Template:Reflist 17.82% 156.732 1 Template:Nihongo2 14.22% 125.087 10 Template:Cite_web 13.91% 122.362 1 Template:Lang 13.31% 117.092 3 Template:Navbox 11.94% 105.012 1 Template:AIC_TV_series 7.76% 68.249 1 Template:Short_description --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255260:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250104010322 and revision id 1237175939. 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Daniel (Bat for Lashes song)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Daniel (Bat for Lashes song) - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled 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li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%;">"Daniel"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Daniel_Bat_for_Lashes.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/Daniel_Bat_for_Lashes.jpg/220px-Daniel_Bat_for_Lashes.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/d/d8/Daniel_Bat_for_Lashes.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="280" data-file-height="280" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="description"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;"><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> by <a href="/wiki/Bat_for_Lashes" title="Bat for Lashes">Bat for Lashes</a></th></tr><tr class="description"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;">from the album <i> <a href="/wiki/Two_Suns" title="Two Suns">Two Suns</a> </i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">1&#160;March&#160;2009<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2009-03-01</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">Studio</a></th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">Natasha Khan's house, <a href="/wiki/Brighton" title="Brighton">Brighton</a>; Bryn Derwen Studios, Wales; Magic Shop Studios, New York City; DK Studio, London</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synth-pop" title="Synth-pop">Synth-pop</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Electropop" title="Electropop">electropop</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li><li><a href="/wiki/Folktronica" title="Folktronica">folktronica</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><span class="duration"><span class="min">3</span>:<span class="s">29</span></span> (radio edit)<br />4:09 (album version)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Natasha_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Natasha Khan">Natasha Khan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"> <ul><li>Natasha Khan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Kosten" class="mw-redirect" title="David Kosten">David Kosten</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;"><a href="/wiki/Bat_for_Lashes" title="Bat for Lashes">Bat for Lashes</a> singles chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;"> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;">"What's a Girl to Do?" <br />(2007) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;">"<b>Daniel</b>" <br />(2009) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;">"<a href="/wiki/Pearl%27s_Dream" title="Pearl&#39;s Dream">Pearl's Dream</a>" <br />(2009) </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>"<b>Daniel</b>" is a song by English recording artist <a href="/wiki/Bat_for_Lashes" title="Bat for Lashes">Bat for Lashes</a>, from her second studio album, <i><a href="/wiki/Two_Suns" title="Two Suns">Two Suns</a></i>. It is her best-selling single to date, selling over 46,000 copies worldwide. The song was announced as the lead single from <i>Two Suns</i> in January 2009, then released as a digital download single on 1 March 2009, and as a 7" vinyl single on 6 April 2009. The track was written by <a href="/wiki/Natasha_Khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Natasha Khan">Natasha Khan</a> and produced by <a href="/wiki/David_Kosten" class="mw-redirect" title="David Kosten">David Kosten</a>, as with all tracks on the album. Ira Wolf Tuton from <a href="/wiki/Yeasayer" title="Yeasayer">Yeasayer</a> provided the bass lines for the song and Khan did the rest of the instrumentation herself.<sup id="cite_ref-songfacts_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-songfacts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The single's cover features Khan with an image of the character Daniel LaRusso, from the film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Karate_Kid_(1984_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Karate Kid (1984 film)">The Karate Kid</a></i>, painted on her back. A character much like LaRusso also features at the end of the music video which goes with the song. The <a href="/wiki/A-side_and_B-side" title="A-side and B-side">B-side</a> of the 7", 'A Forest' is a <a href="/wiki/Cover_version" title="Cover version">cover version</a> of the 1980 single by <a href="/wiki/The_Cure" title="The Cure">The Cure</a> of the same name. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatleft" style="width:25%; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p>"It's, like, the most frightening song on the record for me, because it's the most straightforward, naive and purposely simple song I've ever done. It's about teenage escapism and love and how simple things can be when you're a teenager in love, or how intense and beautiful it can be. I love songs like Pat Benatar's 'Love Is a Battlefield,' like when you sing them, you want to be leaning out the window of a car with the stars shining. And I felt like I wanted to encapsulate that feeling of abandon and love and sadness and melancholy, all at the same time." </p> </blockquote> <div style="padding-bottom: 0; padding-top: 0.5em"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">— Natasha Khan's comment about the track, in an interview with MTV in April 2009<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></cite></div> </div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Digital_Spy" title="Digital Spy">Digital Spy</a></i> said that "Daniel" is "probably the most immediate thing Khan has recorded. Both synthy and mystical-sounding, and filled with poetic lyrics about "marble movie skies" and "the smell of cinders and rain," it could almost pass for a lost <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Nicks" title="Stevie Nicks">Stevie Nicks</a> track from the early eighties. Khan's velvety voice, meanwhile, remains as enchanting as ever, so here's hoping a few more people get to hear it."<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/NME" title="NME">NME</a></i> said the song "relives ghostly memories of her first love and sounds like <a href="/wiki/Fleetwood_Mac" title="Fleetwood Mac">Fleetwood Mac</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Rhiannon_(song)" title="Rhiannon (song)">Rhiannon</a>" filtered through the weeping circuits of a broken-hearted android."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Gigwise" title="Gigwise">Gigwise</a> said "a poppy work of kosmik disko à la <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(band)" title="Empire of the Sun (band)">Empire of the Sun</a> as a sexy working of electric violin and vocal overdubs are strapped to the beats and bones of a mythic love song."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Pitchfork_(website)" title="Pitchfork (website)">Pitchfork</a></i> likewise gave it a highly positive reception, awarding the single 9/10, describing the vocals in the song as "alternately commanding and fragile" and describing the song as "her '<a href="/wiki/Running_Up_that_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Running Up that Hill">Running Up that Hill</a>'."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the end of the year, Pitchfork also rated "Daniel" the 4th best song of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The video for "Daniel" was named the 11th best video of the year by <a href="/wiki/Spin_(magazine)" title="Spin (magazine)"><i>Spin Magazine</i></a> in their "Top 20 Best Videos of 2009" countdown.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Music_video">Music video</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Music video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Escape_daniel.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Escape_daniel.PNG/200px-Escape_daniel.PNG" decoding="async" width="200" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Escape_daniel.PNG/300px-Escape_daniel.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/43/Escape_daniel.PNG/400px-Escape_daniel.PNG 2x" data-file-width="421" data-file-height="236" /></a><figcaption>Khan being carried by the figures in the music video, "Daniel".</figcaption></figure><p> Directed by <a href="/wiki/Johan_Renck" title="Johan Renck">Johan Renck</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the music video was released in March 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The music video starts with Khan in a room, alone, singing the song; and when the chorus sets in, black-clad "shadow" figures come from out of the dark and start to surround her. Khan appears undaunted as she continues singing. The figures touch her and pull her, and soon she is carried by them. Khan struggles to break free, but they hit her multiple times and she faints. The scene then changes to Khan driving a car, presumably escaping from the figures, looking scared and desperate. She seems unaware of the fact that the figures are on the roof of the car. While she drives, one of the figures enters the car from above to the backseat and caresses her shoulders. Khan gives a pleased expression while being caressed, possibly thinking it was Daniel, the man she is singing about in the song. When she turns around, she discovers to her shock that it is not Daniel, but the figure. She appears frightened and she turns the car left and right swiftly to shake the figure(s) off. The figures slowly disappear. As she continues driving, a boy (Daniel, dressed similarly to the character of Daniel LaRusso from the film <i>The Karate Kid</i>) appears in the middle of the street, and she stops the car and runs up to him and embraces him, and at the last shot she smiles into the camera, glad to find him. </p><p>At the MTV VMAs 2009, "Daniel" was nominated for best Breakthrough Video. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Track_listings">Track listings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Track listings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Download</b> </p> <ol><li>"Daniel" – 4:09</li></ol> <p><b>7"</b> </p> <ol><li>"Daniel" (<a href="/wiki/Cenzo_Townshend" title="Cenzo Townshend">Cenzo Townshend</a> radio edit) – 3:29</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_Forest" title="A Forest">A Forest</a>" – 3:09</li></ol> <p><b>Promo 12"</b> </p> <ol><li>"Daniel" (Duke Dumont Remix) – 3:36</li> <li>"Daniel" (Death Metal Disco Scene Remix) – 6:50</li> <li>"Daniel" (Death Metal Disco Scene Dub) – 5:46</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charts">Charts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Weekly chart performance for "Daniel" </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Chart (2009) </th> <th>Peak<br />position </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Belgium (<a href="/wiki/Ultratop" title="Ultratop">Ultratop 50</a> Flanders)<sup id="cite_ref-sc_Flanders_Bat_for_Lashes_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc_Flanders_Bat_for_Lashes-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">47 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Belgium (<a href="/wiki/Ultratop#Ultratip" title="Ultratop">Ultratip Bubbling Under</a> Wallonia)<sup id="cite_ref-sc_Wallonia_Tip_Bat_for_Lashes_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc_Wallonia_Tip_Bat_for_Lashes-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">22 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles</a> (<a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">OCC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-sc_UK_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sc_UK_-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">36 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release_history">Release history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Release history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Release history and formats for "Daniel" </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Region </th> <th>Date </th> <th>Label </th> <th>Format </th> <th>Catalogue </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">United Kingdom </th> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-03-01-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">1 March 2009</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Parlophone" title="Parlophone">Parlophone</a> </td> <td>Digital download </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">United Kingdom </th> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002009-04-06-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">6 April 2009</span> </td> <td>Parlophone </td> <td>7" </td> <td>R6768 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Covers">Covers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Covers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dempsey" title="Paul Dempsey">Paul Dempsey</a> covered "Daniel" for <a href="/wiki/Triple_J" title="Triple J">Triple J</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Like_a_Version" title="Like a Version">Like a Version</a></i>. His version was included on <i>Volume Seven</i> of the compilation series.</li> <li>In 2009 <a href="/wiki/Josh_Reichmann" title="Josh Reichmann">Josh Reichmann</a> did a folksier cover of the song for a Paper Bag Records covers compilation.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Will_Young_version">Will Young version</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Will Young version"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki; font-size: 125%;">"Daniel"</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Will_Young_-_Daniel.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Will_Young_-_Daniel.png/220px-Will_Young_-_Daniel.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/9/99/Will_Young_-_Daniel.png 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="description"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;"><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Single</a> by <a href="/wiki/Will_Young" title="Will Young">Will Young</a></th></tr><tr class="description"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;">from the album <i> <a href="/wiki/Crying_on_the_Bathroom_Floor" title="Crying on the Bathroom Floor">Crying on the Bathroom Floor</a> </i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">26&#160;April&#160;2021<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2021-04-26</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><span class="duration"><span class="min">3</span>:<span class="s">19</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Cooking_Vinyl" title="Cooking Vinyl">Cooking Vinyl</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Songwriter" title="Songwriter">Songwriter(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Natasha Khan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Richard_X" title="Richard X">Richard X</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: khaki;"><a href="/wiki/Will_Young" title="Will Young">Will Young</a> singles chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background: transparent; color: inherit; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;"> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0;">"<a href="/wiki/My_Love_(Will_Young_song)" title="My Love (Will Young song)">My Love</a>" <br />(2019) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding:.2em .1em;">"<b>Daniel</b>" <br />(2021) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em;">"Elizabeth Taylor" <br />(2021) </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>British singer <a href="/wiki/Will_Young" title="Will Young">Will Young</a> covered the song and released it on 26 April 2021 as the lead single from his eighth studio album <i><a href="/wiki/Crying_on_the_Bathroom_Floor" title="Crying on the Bathroom Floor">Crying on the Bathroom Floor</a></i> (2021). Its music video was also released the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-officialcharts_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-officialcharts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> "Daniel" did not enter the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Chart">UK Singles Chart</a>, but peaked at number 31 on the Official Singles Sales Chart Top 100 and number 29 on the <a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Downloads_Chart" title="UK Singles Downloads Chart">UK Singles Downloads Chart</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UKdownload_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKdownload-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_video_2">Music video</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Music video"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A music video for "Daniel" was directed by Andrew John "W.I.Z." Whiston.<sup id="cite_ref-v2benelux_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-v2benelux-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was released on 26 April 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-officialcharts_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-officialcharts-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Track_listing">Track listing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Track listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Digital single</b> </p> <ul><li>"Daniel" (radio edit) – 3:19<sup id="cite_ref-apple_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p><b>Remix single</b> </p> <ul><li>"Daniel" (Sudlow remix) – 3:05<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Charts_2">Charts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center;"> <caption>Weekly chart performance for "Daniel" </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Chart (2022) </th> <th>Peak<br />position </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Downloads_Chart" title="UK Singles Downloads Chart">UK Singles Downloads</a> (<a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">OCC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-UKdownload_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKdownload-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td style="text-align:center;">29 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/UK_Singles_Sales_Chart" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Singles Sales Chart">UK Singles Sales</a> (<a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">OCC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td>31 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Release_history_2">Release history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Release history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>"Daniel" release history </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Region </th> <th scope="col">Date </th> <th scope="col">Label </th> <th scope="col">Format(s) </th> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Reference(s)">Ref(s)</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">United Kingdom </th> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-04-26-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">26 April 2021</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cooking_Vinyl" title="Cooking Vinyl">Cooking Vinyl</a> </td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Digital download</li><li>streaming</li></ul></div> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><sup id="cite_ref-apple_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-apple-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daniel_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFO&#39;Neal2009" class="citation web cs1">O'Neal, Sean (7 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.avclub.com/review/bat-for-lashes-emtwo-sunsem-26191">"Bat For Lashes: <i>Two Suns</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_A.V._Club" title="The A.V. Club">The A.V. Club</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+A.V.+Club&amp;rft.atitle=Bat+For+Lashes%3A+Two+Suns&amp;rft.date=2009-04-07&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Neal&amp;rft.aufirst=Sean&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.avclub.com%2Freview%2Fbat-for-lashes-emtwo-sunsem-26191&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/photos/the-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-200-101-1421780">"The 500 Greatest Songs Of All Time 200-101"</a>. NME.com. 31 January 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+500+Greatest+Songs+Of+All+Time+200-101&amp;rft.pub=NME.com&amp;rft.date=2014-01-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Fphotos%2Fthe-500-greatest-songs-of-all-time-200-101-1421780&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill2009" class="citation news cs1">Gill, Andy (3 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/reviews/album-bat-for-lashes-two-suns-parlophone-1660854.html">"Album: Bat For Lashes, Two Suns (Parlophone)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Independent&amp;rft.atitle=Album%3A+Bat+For+Lashes%2C+Two+Suns+%28Parlophone%29&amp;rft.date=2009-04-03&amp;rft.aulast=Gill&amp;rft.aufirst=Andy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Farts-entertainment%2Fmusic%2Freviews%2Falbum-bat-for-lashes-two-suns-parlophone-1660854.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-songfacts-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-songfacts_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.songfacts.com/detail.php?id=15214">"Daniel"</a>. <i>Songfacts.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-12-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Songfacts.com&amp;rft.atitle=Daniel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.songfacts.com%2Fdetail.php%3Fid%3D15214&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110707024427/http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1608753/bat-lashes-two-suns-full-unusual-pop-music.jhtml">"Bat For Lashes' Two Suns Is Full Of 'Unusual Pop Music' - Music, Celebrity, Artist News"</a>. MTV.com. 2009-04-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1608753/bat-lashes-two-suns-full-unusual-pop-music.jhtml">the original</a> on July 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bat+For+Lashes%27+Two+Suns+Is+Full+Of+%27Unusual+Pop+Music%27+-+Music%2C+Celebrity%2C+Artist+News&amp;rft.pub=MTV.com&amp;rft.date=2009-04-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mtv.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F1608753%2Fbat-lashes-two-suns-full-unusual-pop-music.jhtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPublished_Monday,_Mar_30_2009,_10:22_BST2009" class="citation web cs1">Published Monday, Mar 30 2009, 10:22 BST (2009-03-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digitalspy.co.uk/music/a150673/bat-for-lashes-daniel.html">"Bat For Lashes: 'Daniel' - Music Singles Review"</a>. Digital Spy<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Bat+For+Lashes%3A+%27Daniel%27+-+Music+Singles+Review&amp;rft.pub=Digital+Spy&amp;rft.date=2009-03-30&amp;rft.au=Published+Monday%2C+Mar+30+2009%2C+10%3A22+BST&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digitalspy.co.uk%2Fmusic%2Fa150673%2Fbat-for-lashes-daniel.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nme.com/reviews/bat-for-lashes/10176">"NME Track Reviews - Track Review: Bat For Lashes"</a>. Nme.Com. 2009-03-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NME+Track+Reviews+-+Track+Review%3A+Bat+For+Lashes&amp;rft.pub=Nme.Com&amp;rft.date=2009-03-02&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nme.com%2Freviews%2Fbat-for-lashes%2F10176&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gigwise.com/reviews/albums/49885/Bat-For-Lashes---Two-Suns-Parlophone-Released-060409">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090323031806/http://www.gigwise.com/reviews/albums/49885/Bat-For-Lashes---Two-Suns-Parlophone-Released-060409">Archived</a> March 23, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/reviews/tracks/11161-daniel/">"Bat For Lashes: "Daniel" &#124; Tracks"</a>. <i>Pitchfork</i>. 2009-04-06<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pitchfork.com/features/staff-lists/7742-the-top-100-tracks-of-2009/10/">the original</a> on 2016-02-29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Staff+Lists%3A+The+Top+100+Tracks+of+2009+%26%23124%3B+Features&amp;rft.pub=Pitchfork&amp;rft.date=2009-12-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpitchfork.com%2Ffeatures%2Fstaff-lists%2F7742-the-top-100-tracks-of-2009%2F10%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spin.com/2009/12/20-best-videos-2009/?page=0%2C1">Spin Magazine Online: The 20 Best Videos of 2009</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120910213611/http://www.promonews.tv/2009/03/19/bat-for-lashes%E2%80%99-daniel-by-johan-renck/">"Bat for Lashes' Daniel by Johan Renck&#160;» Promo News"</a>. <i>www.promonews.tv</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.promonews.tv/2009/03/19/bat-for-lashes’-daniel-by-johan-renck/">the original</a> on September 10, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.promonews.tv&amp;rft.atitle=Bat+for+Lashes%27+Daniel+by+Johan+Renck+%C2%BB+Promo+News&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.promonews.tv%2F2009%2F03%2F19%2Fbat-for-lashes%E2%80%99-daniel-by-johan-renck%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.batforlashes.com/index.php/latest_news/entry/see_the_video_for_daniel/">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100212083726/http://www.batforlashes.com/index.php/latest_news/entry/see_the_video_for_daniel/">Archived</a> February 12, 2010, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sc_Flanders_Bat_for_Lashes-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sc_Flanders_Bat_for_Lashes_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ultratop.be/nl/showitem.asp?interpret=Bat+for+Lashes&amp;titel=Daniel&amp;cat=s">Bat for Lashes – Daniel"</a> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Ultratop" title="Ultratop">Ultratop 50</a>. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sc_Wallonia_Tip_Bat_for_Lashes-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sc_Wallonia_Tip_Bat_for_Lashes_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ultratop.be/fr/showitem.asp?interpret=Bat+for+Lashes&amp;titel=Daniel&amp;cat=s">Bat for Lashes – Daniel"</a> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Ultratip" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultratip">Ultratip</a>. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sc_UK_-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-sc_UK_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-chart/20090412/7501/">"Official Singles Chart Top 100"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a>. Retrieved 27 April 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPadgett2010" class="citation web cs1">Padgett, Ray (12 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.covermesongs.com/2010/08/josh-reichmann-daniel.html">"Song of the Day: Josh Reichmann, "Daniel" (Bat for Lashes cover)&#160;» Cover Me"</a>. Covermesongs.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-05-03</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Song+of+the+Day%3A+Josh+Reichmann%2C+%22Daniel%22+%28Bat+for+Lashes+cover%29+%C2%BB+Cover+Me&amp;rft.pub=Covermesongs.com&amp;rft.date=2010-08-12&amp;rft.aulast=Padgett&amp;rft.aufirst=Ray&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.covermesongs.com%2F2010%2F08%2Fjosh-reichmann-daniel.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-officialcharts-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-officialcharts_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-officialcharts_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCopsey2021" class="citation web cs1">Copsey, Rob (26 April 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/chart-news/will-young-announces-new-album-crying-on-the-bathroom-floor-unveils-lead-single-daniel__32966/">"Will Young announces new album Crying On The Bathroom Floor, unveils lead single Daniel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Official+Charts+Company&amp;rft.atitle=Will+Young+announces+new+album+Crying+On+The+Bathroom+Floor%2C+unveils+lead+single+Daniel&amp;rft.date=2021-04-26&amp;rft.aulast=Copsey&amp;rft.aufirst=Rob&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fchart-news%2Fwill-young-announces-new-album-crying-on-the-bathroom-floor-unveils-lead-single-daniel&#95;_32966%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UKdownload-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-UKdownload_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-UKdownload_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-downloads-chart/20220715/7000/">"Official Singles Downloads Chart Top 100"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a>. Retrieved 16 January 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-v2benelux-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-v2benelux_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.v2benelux.com/news-represented-labels/will-young-announces-new-single-daniel-22995">"Will Young announces new single 'Daniel'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>v2benelux.com</i>. 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=v2benelux.com&amp;rft.atitle=Will+Young+announces+new+single+%27Daniel%27&amp;rft.date=2021-04-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.v2benelux.com%2Fnews-represented-labels%2Fwill-young-announces-new-single-daniel-22995&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-apple-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-apple_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-apple_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://music.apple.com/vg/album/daniel-radio-edit-single/1563514100">"Daniel (Radio Edit) – Single"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a></i>. 26 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Apple+Music&amp;rft.atitle=Daniel+%28Radio+Edit%29+%E2%80%93+Single&amp;rft.date=2021-04-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusic.apple.com%2Fvg%2Falbum%2Fdaniel-radio-edit-single%2F1563514100&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://music.apple.com/us/album/daniel-sudlow-remix-single/15884513240">"Daniel (Sudlow Remix) – Single"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Apple_Music" title="Apple Music">Apple Music</a></i>. 19 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Apple+Music&amp;rft.atitle=Daniel+%28Sudlow+Remix%29+%E2%80%93+Single&amp;rft.date=2021-10-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmusic.apple.com%2Fus%2Falbum%2Fdaniel-sudlow-remix-single%2F15884513240&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged January 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/singles-sales-chart/20210507/7509/">"Official Singles Sales Chart Top 100: 07 May 2021 - 13 May 2021"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts</a></i>. 30 April 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Official+Charts&amp;rft.atitle=Official+Singles+Sales+Chart+Top+100%3A+07+May+2021+-+13+May+2021&amp;rft.date=2021-04-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.officialcharts.com%2Fcharts%2Fsingles-sales-chart%2F20210507%2F7509%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADaniel+%28Bat+for+Lashes+song%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Bat_for_Lashes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Bat_for_Lashes" title="Template:Bat for Lashes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bat_for_Lashes" title="Template talk:Bat for Lashes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bat_for_Lashes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bat for Lashes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bat_for_Lashes" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bat_for_Lashes" title="Bat for Lashes">Bat for Lashes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Bat_for_Lashes_discography" title="Bat for Lashes discography">Discography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fur_and_Gold" title="Fur and Gold">Fur and Gold</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Two_Suns" title="Two Suns">Two Suns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Haunted_Man_(album)" title="The Haunted Man (album)">The Haunted Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bride_(album)" title="The Bride (album)">The Bride</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_Girls_(album)" title="Lost Girls (album)">Lost Girls</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Daniel</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pearl%27s_Dream" title="Pearl&#39;s Dream">Pearl's Dream</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sleep_Alone" title="Sleep Alone">Sleep Alone</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Laura_(Bat_for_Lashes_song)" title="Laura (Bat for Lashes song)">Laura</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexwitch" title="Sexwitch">Sexwitch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256394678"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-solo" aria-labelledby="Will_Young" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Will_Young" title="Template:Will Young"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Will_Young" title="Template talk:Will Young"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Will_Young" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Will Young"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Will_Young" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Will_Young" title="Will Young">Will Young</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Will_Young_discography" title="Will Young discography">Discography</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Now_On_(Will_Young_album)" title="From Now On (Will Young album)">From Now On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Friday%27s_Child_(album)" title="Friday&#39;s Child (album)">Friday's Child</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Keep_On" title="Keep On">Keep On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Let_It_Go_(Will_Young_album)" title="Let It Go (Will Young album)">Let It Go</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Echoes_(Will_Young_album)" title="Echoes (Will Young album)">Echoes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/85%25_Proof" title="85% Proof">85% Proof</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lexicon_(Will_Young_album)" title="Lexicon (Will Young album)">Lexicon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crying_on_the_Bathroom_Floor" title="Crying on the Bathroom Floor">Crying on the Bathroom Floor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Light_It_Up_(Will_Young_album)" title="Light It Up (Will Young album)">Light It Up</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilation albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hits_(Will_Young_album)" title="The Hits (Will Young album)">The Hits</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leave_Right_Now_(album)" title="Leave Right Now (album)">Leave Right Now</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Essential_(Will_Young_album)" title="The Essential (Will Young album)">The Essential</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/20_Years:_The_Greatest_Hits" title="20 Years: The Greatest Hits">20 Years: The Greatest Hits</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Anything_Is_Possible_(Will_Young_song)" title="Anything Is Possible (Will Young song)">Anything Is Possible</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/Evergreen_(Westlife_song)" title="Evergreen (Westlife song)">Evergreen</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Light_My_Fire#Will_Young_cover" title="Light My Fire">Light My Fire</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Long_and_Winding_Road" title="The Long and Winding Road">The Long and Winding Road</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_Let_Me_Down_(Will_Young_song)" title="Don&#39;t Let Me Down (Will Young song)">Don't Let Me Down</a>" / "<a href="/wiki/You_and_I_(Will_Young_song)" title="You and I (Will Young song)">You and I</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Leave_Right_Now" title="Leave Right Now">Leave Right Now</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Your_Game" title="Your Game">Your Game</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Friday%27s_Child_(Will_Young_song)" title="Friday&#39;s Child (Will Young song)">Friday's Child</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Switch_It_On" title="Switch It On">Switch It On</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_Time_Love" title="All Time Love">All Time Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Who_Am_I_(Will_Young_song)" title="Who Am I (Will Young song)">Who Am I</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Changes_(Will_Young_song)" title="Changes (Will Young song)">Changes</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Grace_(Will_Young_song)" title="Grace (Will Young song)">Grace</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let_It_Go_(Will_Young_song)" title="Let It Go (Will Young song)">Let It Go</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hopes_%26_Fears" title="Hopes &amp; Fears">Hopes &amp; Fears</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Jealousy_(Will_Young_song)" title="Jealousy (Will Young song)">Jealousy</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Come_On_(Kish_Mauve_song)" title="Come On (Kish Mauve song)">Come On</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Losing_Myself" title="Losing Myself">Losing Myself</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_Revolution_(Will_Young_song)" title="Love Revolution (Will Young song)">Love Revolution</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_the_World_Needs_Now_Is_Love#Other_recordings" title="What the World Needs Now Is Love">What the World Needs Now</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/All_the_Songs" title="All the Songs">All the Songs</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_Love_(Will_Young_song)" title="My Love (Will Young song)">My Love</a>"</li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Will_Young_version">Daniel</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Live releases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Live_in_London_(Will_Young_video)" title="Live in London (Will Young video)">Live in London</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concert tours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Echoes_Tour" title="Echoes Tour">Echoes Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Revolution_Tour" title="Love Revolution Tour">Love Revolution Tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4037016#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/work/34655d55-099d-343c-8645-05507188250d">MusicBrainz work</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/74151c23-002d-33aa-ae2f-18e240f43c45">MusicBrainz release group</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐m59bh Cached time: 20241228165032 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false 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I Get That a Lot
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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American television series</div> <p> <i><b>I Get That a Lot</b></i> is a reality television special originally created by Danny Harris occasionally airing on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>, which sets up celebrities in everyday working class jobs. <a href="/wiki/Hidden_camera" title="Hidden camera">Hidden cameras</a> are used to capture the reactions of unsuspecting customers and bypassers. When the celebrities are recognized, they deny their real identities and say "I get that a lot," until the end of the segment, at which time the cameras are revealed and they come forward about their identities. </p><p>The first two episodes also aired internationally in Australia on <a href="/wiki/Network_10" title="Network 10">Channel Ten</a>. There is also a French version based on the format, named <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sosie_!_Or_Not_Sosie_%3F&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sosie ! Or Not Sosie ? (page does not exist)">Sosie&#160;! Or Not Sosie&#160;?</a></i>, produced by Carson Prod and aired on French TV leader <a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a>. There is also an Arabic version based on the format, named <i><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%83_(%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AC)" class="extiw" title="ar:مشبه عليك (برنامج)">مشبه عليك</a></i>, produced by Sugar Rush Productions and aired on Arabic TV leader <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_TV" title="Abu Dhabi TV">Abu Dhabi TV</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episode_one">Episode one</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Episode one"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This program first aired on April 1, 2009. Participants include model <a href="/wiki/Heidi_Klum" title="Heidi Klum">Heidi Klum</a> working at a pizza parlor, rapper and actor <a href="/wiki/Ice-T" title="Ice-T">Ice-T</a> selling shoes, <i><a href="/wiki/Survivor_(American_TV_series)" title="Survivor (American TV series)">Survivor</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Probst" title="Jeff Probst">Jeff Probst</a> working a cash register, <a href="/wiki/Country_music" title="Country music">country music</a> star <a href="/wiki/LeAnn_Rimes" title="LeAnn Rimes">LeAnn Rimes</a> waiting tables, singer and actress <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Simpson" title="Jessica Simpson">Jessica Simpson</a> working as a <a href="/wiki/Computer_technician" class="mw-redirect" title="Computer technician">computer technician</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Extra_(American_TV_program)" title="Extra (American TV program)">Extra</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Mario_Lopez" title="Mario Lopez">Mario Lopez</a> selling from a <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog_stand" title="Hot dog stand">hot dog stand</a> in <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> and <a href="/wiki/Subway_(restaurant)" title="Subway (restaurant)">Subway</a> spokesman <a href="/wiki/Jared_Fogle" title="Jared Fogle">Jared Fogle</a> working at a Subway restaurant.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episode_two">Episode two</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Episode two"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second episode aired on <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a> January 6, 2010 at 8:00&#160;pm. Participants include <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a> vocalist and bassist <a href="/wiki/Gene_Simmons" title="Gene Simmons">Gene Simmons</a> working as a psychic guru, socialite <a href="/wiki/Paris_Hilton" title="Paris Hilton">Paris Hilton</a> working as a gas station attendant, <i><a href="/wiki/Big_Brother_(American_TV_series)" title="Big Brother (American TV series)">Big Brother</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Early_Show" title="The Early Show">The Early Show</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Julie_Chen_Moonves" title="Julie Chen Moonves">Julie Chen</a> working at a yogurt shop, skater <a href="/wiki/Tony_Hawk" title="Tony Hawk">Tony Hawk</a> working at a surf shop, hip-hop artist <a href="/wiki/Snoop_Dogg" title="Snoop Dogg">Snoop Dogg</a> taking on the role of a parking lot attendant and television cook and talk show host <a href="/wiki/Rachael_Ray" title="Rachael Ray">Rachael Ray</a> working at a dry cleaner. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episode_three">Episode three</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Episode three"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The third episode aired on CBS May 19, 2010 at 8:00&#160;pm. Participants include current <i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Make_a_Deal" title="Let&#39;s Make a Deal">Let's Make a Deal</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Wayne_Brady" title="Wayne Brady">Wayne Brady</a> working the front desk at a hotel, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Gunn" title="Tim Gunn">Tim Gunn</a> taking orders at a fast food restaurant, <a href="/wiki/Nick_Jonas" title="Nick Jonas">Nick Jonas</a> working at <a href="/wiki/Forever_21" title="Forever 21">Forever 21</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wynonna_Judd" title="Wynonna Judd">Wynonna Judd</a> selling tires, <a href="/wiki/Jay_Mohr" title="Jay Mohr">Jay Mohr</a> as a coffee house employee and <a href="/wiki/Martha_Stewart" title="Martha Stewart">Martha Stewart</a> as a craft store employee. <a href="/wiki/Sherman_Hemsley" title="Sherman Hemsley">Sherman Hemsley</a> made an appearance in Brady's segment as the individual pranked by Brady. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episode_four">Episode four</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Episode four"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fourth episode aired on CBS January 4, 2012 at 8:00&#160;pm, starring <i><a href="/wiki/NCIS_(TV_series)" title="NCIS (TV series)">NCIS</a>'</i> s <a href="/wiki/Pauley_Perrette" title="Pauley Perrette">Pauley Perrette</a> (in her <a href="/wiki/Abby_Sciuto" title="Abby Sciuto">Abby Sciuto</a> attire) as a dog groomer, <a href="/wiki/Ty_Pennington" title="Ty Pennington">Ty Pennington</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Extreme_Makeover:_Home_Edition" title="Extreme Makeover: Home Edition">Extreme Makeover: Home Edition</a></i> as a hardware store clerk, Olympic medalist <a href="/wiki/Apolo_Ohno" title="Apolo Ohno">Apolo Ohno</a> as a produce worker, talk personality <a href="/wiki/Dr._Drew" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Drew">Dr. Drew</a> as a <a href="/wiki/LensCrafters" title="LensCrafters">LensCrafters</a> employee, <a href="/wiki/Jerry_Springer" title="Jerry Springer">Jerry Springer</a> as a sandwich maker and <a href="/wiki/Pamela_Anderson" title="Pamela Anderson">Pamela Anderson</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Victoria%27s_Secret" title="Victoria&#39;s Secret">Victoria's Secret</a> saleswoman. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episode_five">Episode five</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Episode five"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The fifth episode aired on CBS January 9, 2013 at 8:00&#160;pm, starring <i><a href="/wiki/The_Amazing_Race_(American_TV_series)" title="The Amazing Race (American TV series)">The Amazing Race</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Phil_Keoghan" title="Phil Keoghan">Phil Keoghan</a> working at a sporting goods store, Olympian and Kardashian <a href="/wiki/Caitlyn_Jenner" title="Caitlyn Jenner">Caitlyn Jenner</a> (featured pre-transition as Bruce Jenner) selling shoes in a high-end boutique, actress <a href="/wiki/Jane_Seymour_(actress)" title="Jane Seymour (actress)">Jane Seymour</a> working as an inept home goods store greeter, actor and comedian <a href="/wiki/Cheech_Marin" title="Cheech Marin">Cheech Marin</a> behind the counter of a party supply store, racing superstar <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Gordon" title="Jeff Gordon">Jeff Gordon</a> selling automotive supplies and <a href="/wiki/Larry_Hagman" title="Larry Hagman">Larry Hagman</a> offering food samples at a membership warehouse shopping club.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Episode_six">Episode six</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Episode six"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sixth episode aired on CBS December 30, 2015 at 8:00 p.m, starring British singer and actress <a href="/wiki/Rita_Ora" title="Rita Ora">Rita Ora</a> working a tanning salon, <a href="/wiki/Food_Network" title="Food Network">Food Network</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Guy_Fieri" title="Guy Fieri">Guy Fieri</a> working at car dealership, actress and singer <a href="/wiki/Kristin_Chenoweth" title="Kristin Chenoweth">Kristin Chenoweth</a> working as a waitress, pop star <a href="/wiki/Cody_Simpson" title="Cody Simpson">Cody Simpson</a> working at a candy store, <i><a href="/wiki/Jeopardy!" title="Jeopardy!">Jeopardy!</a></i> host <a href="/wiki/Alex_Trebek" title="Alex Trebek">Alex Trebek</a> working at a public library, and <a href="/wiki/Green_Bay_Packers" title="Green Bay Packers">Green Bay Packers</a>' <a href="/wiki/Aaron_Rodgers" title="Aaron Rodgers">Aaron Rodgers</a> working at a gym. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/03/31/AR2009033103780.html?hpid=topnews">"CBS's 'I Get That a Lot' Doesn't Get It at All"</a>. <i>washingtonpost.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=washingtonpost.com&amp;rft.atitle=CBS%27s+%27I+Get+That+a+Lot%27+Doesn%27t+Get+It+at+All&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2009%2F03%2F31%2FAR2009033103780.html%3Fhpid%3Dtopnews&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+Get+That+a+Lot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thefutoncritic.com/news/2012/12/20/i-get-that-a-lot-featuring-popular-celebrities-pranking-everyday-people-returns-with-a-one-hour-special-on-wednesday-january-9-32010/20121220cbs04/">"<i>I Get That a Lot</i>, Featuring Popular Celebrities Pranking Everyday People, Returns with a One-Hour Special on Wednesday, January 9"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=I+Get+That+a+Lot%2C+Featuring+Popular+Celebrities+Pranking+Everyday+People%2C+Returns+with+a+One-Hour+Special+on+Wednesday%2C+January+9&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefutoncritic.com%2Fnews%2F2012%2F12%2F20%2Fi-get-that-a-lot-featuring-popular-celebrities-pranking-everyday-people-returns-with-a-one-hour-special-on-wednesday-january-9-32010%2F20121220cbs04%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+Get+That+a+Lot" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Get_That_a_Lot&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbs.com/specials/i_get_that_a_lot/video/">Official site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1404620/"><i>I Get That a Lot</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐bfxkc Cached time: 20241228172316 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.156 seconds Real time usage: 0.243 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 728/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 5852/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 844/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 7771/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.082/10.000 seconds 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Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users
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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organization</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"VANDU" redirects here. For the Estonian village, see <a href="/wiki/Vandu" title="Vandu">Vandu</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU)</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vandulogo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/f/f8/Vandulogo.jpg" decoding="async" width="208" height="242" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="208" data-file-height="242" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note"><a href="/wiki/1997" title="1997">1997</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Legal status</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">Non-profit organization</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data">Drug users rights, <a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy reform">Drug policy reform</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_rights" title="Human rights">Human rights</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">Harm reduction</a>.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Eastside" title="Downtown Eastside">Downtown Eastside</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Executive Director</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Brittany Graham<sup id="cite_ref-ctv_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ctv-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vandu.org/">www.vandu.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users</b> or <b>VANDU</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit" class="mw-redirect" title="Not-for-profit">not-for-profit</a> organization<sup id="cite_ref-Macleans_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macleans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and advocacy group based in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>, Canada. The group believes that all drug users should have their own <a href="/wiki/Rights" title="Rights">rights</a> and <a href="/wiki/Political_freedom" title="Political freedom">freedoms</a>. The group's members have been actively involved in <a href="/wiki/Lobbying" title="Lobbying">lobbying</a> for support of <a href="/wiki/Insite" title="Insite">Insite</a>, North America's first <a href="/wiki/Safe_injection_site" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe injection site">safe injection site</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Eastside" title="Downtown Eastside">Downtown Eastside</a> of Vancouver.<sup id="cite_ref-VANDU_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VANDU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Its board of directors consists entirely of current and former drug addicts.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was co-founded by Ann Livingston and <a href="/wiki/Bud_Osborn" title="Bud Osborn">Bud Osborn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Macleans_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macleans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Livingston had previously established a short-lived injection site called "Back Alley" on Powell Street in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Lupick_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lupick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The group received a grant in 2022 from the city to perform street cleaning, but the contract was rescinded for not performing the work and instead, using the grant funds for other purposes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vancouver_Area_Network_of_Drug_Users&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VANDU was created in September 1997, to advocate for the delivery of health care services to drug users living in Vancouver who had been exposed to increasing rates of <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a> and <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> as a result of <a href="/wiki/Needle_sharing" title="Needle sharing">sharing needles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Macleans_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Macleans-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and to address risks to their health, such as <a href="/wiki/Drug_overdose" title="Drug overdose">drug overdose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-VANDU_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VANDU-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It has operated an unauthorized drug consumption site and provided assisted illegal drug use for about four years until it was shut down in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few dozen people first met in <a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_Park" title="Oppenheimer Park">Oppenheimer Park</a> on 9 September 1997 in response to messages posted by Livingston on <a href="/wiki/Utility_pole" title="Utility pole">utility poles</a> throughout the Downtown Eastside.<sup id="cite_ref-Lupick_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lupick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The assembled group of people decided to form an organization, and adopted the name Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users a year later.<sup id="cite_ref-Lupick_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lupick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One of the attendees was Donald MacPherson, who later became drug-policy coordinator for Vancouver municipal government, and who also established the Canadian Drug Policy Coalition.<sup id="cite_ref-Lupick_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lupick-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Membership grew to about 100 individuals in a few months, and eventually to over 2,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Harati_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harati-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 10">&#58;&#8202;10&#8202;</span></sup> The organization's membership is open to all individuals, but those elected to the <a href="/wiki/Board_of_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Board of director">board of directors</a> must be current or former addicts, and votes at the organization's meetings may only be cast by current or former addicts.<sup id="cite_ref-Harati_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Harati-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="City_of_Vancouver_grant_misdirection">City of Vancouver grant misdirection</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vancouver_Area_Network_of_Drug_Users&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: City of Vancouver grant misdirection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>VANDU was given a $320,000 grant from the City of Vancouver in 2022 to provide street cleaning services in the Hastings Street encampment. Questions were raised when VANDU couldn't be seen working and street cleanliness continued to deteriorate. The organization eventually admitted to diverting grant intended for street cleaning into its general funds.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> $160,000 of the grant was paid out, however the City of Vancouver terminated the contract when services were not delivered as expected.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The city council voted to deny VANDU a $7,500 grant for arts program in 2023 for the gross misuse of public funds in 2022 making it the only grant out of 84 grants recommended by city staff to be denied by city council.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Actions_and_services">Actions and services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vancouver_Area_Network_of_Drug_Users&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Actions and services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The organization also engages in local issues pertaining to <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Eastside" title="Downtown Eastside">Downtown Eastside</a> area residents.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>VANDU defends <a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">harm reduction services</a> and <a href="/wiki/Supervised_injection_site" title="Supervised injection site">supervised injection facilities</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In recent years, VANDU has been engaging with the Drug Users Liberation Front (DULF)<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to provide "<a href="/wiki/Safe_supply" class="mw-redirect" title="Safe supply">safe supply</a>" services.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The group handed out cocaine, meth and heroin to users in July 2021 in which city councilor <a href="/wiki/Jean_Swanson" title="Jean Swanson">Jean Swanson</a> participated in the distribution.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i> said it's uncertain if substances distributed by VANDU was obtained lawfully.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The DULF founders Jeremy Kalicum and Eris Nyx have been charged with possession with intent to distribute in May 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vancouver_Area_Network_of_Drug_Users&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-ctv-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ctv_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bc.ctvnews.ca/we-need-to-send-a-message-abc-councillors-deny-vandu-7-500-funding-for-art-program-1.6236369">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'We need to send a message': ABC councillors deny VANDU $7,500 funding for art program"</a>. <i>British Columbia</i>. 2023-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=British+Columbia&amp;rft.atitle=%27We+need+to+send+a+message%27%3A+ABC+councillors+deny+VANDU+%247%2C500+funding+for+art+program&amp;rft.date=2023-01-18&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbc.ctvnews.ca%2Fwe-need-to-send-a-message-abc-councillors-deny-vandu-7-500-funding-for-art-program-1.6236369&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Macleans-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Macleans_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macleans_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Macleans_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.macleans.ca/news/canada/vancouver-drug-users-group-vandu-has-led-prevention-policy/">"Vancouver drug users' group VANDU has led prevention policy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean&#39;s">Maclean's</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/The_Canadian_Press" title="The Canadian Press">The Canadian Press</a>. 16 July 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&amp;rft.atitle=Vancouver+drug+users%27+group+VANDU+has+led+prevention+policy&amp;rft.date=2017-07-16&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.macleans.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fvancouver-drug-users-group-vandu-has-led-prevention-policy%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VANDU-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-VANDU_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-VANDU_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVancouver_Area_Network_of_Drug_Users2009" class="citation web cs1">Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120114313/http://www.vandu.org/about.html">"VANDU"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vandu.org/about.html">the original</a> on 2008-11-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=VANDU&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.au=Vancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vandu.org%2Fabout.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBishop2010" class="citation news cs1">Bishop, Greg (2010-02-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/sports/olympics/05eastside.html">"In the Shadow of the Olympics (Published 2010)"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-02-12</span></span>. <q>Another group is Vandu, or the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users, which fills its board exclusively with addicts past and present.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=In+the+Shadow+of+the+Olympics+%28Published+2010%29&amp;rft.date=2010-02-05&amp;rft.issn=0362-4331&amp;rft.aulast=Bishop&amp;rft.aufirst=Greg&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F02%2F05%2Fsports%2Folympics%2F05eastside.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lupick-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lupick_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lupick_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lupick_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lupick_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLupick2017" class="citation news cs1">Lupick, Travis (4 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.straight.com/news/959286/vancouver-area-network-drug-users-looks-back-20-years-fighting-human-rights">"The Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users looks back on 20 years fighting for human rights"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Georgia_Straight" title="The Georgia Straight">The Georgia Straight</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=vancouver.citynews.ca&amp;rft.atitle=VANDU+arts%2C+culture+grant+pulled+due+to+%27misuse%27+of+prior+funds%3A+City+of+Vancouver&amp;rft.date=2023-01-18&amp;rft.aulast=Ayers&amp;rft.aufirst=Shawn&amp;rft.au=Nassar%2C+Hana+Mae&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvancouver.citynews.ca%2F2023%2F01%2F18%2Fvandu-arts-culture-grant-vancouver%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/9305761/vandu-hastings-street-cleaning-contract/">"City of Vancouver ends $320,000 Block Stewardship contract awarded to VANDU - BC | Globalnews.ca"</a>. <i>Global News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-01</span></span>. <q>Garth Mullins, a representative of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU), said the Tory approach marks an improvement from Harper's tough-on-crime stance, but he believes a focus on recovery and abstinence is "misplaced" as it misidentifies the crux of the crisis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=CTVNews&amp;rft.atitle=O%27Toole+would+allow+safe+injection+sites%2C+but+stops+short+of+decriminalization&amp;rft.date=2021-08-22&amp;rft.aulast=Reynolds&amp;rft.aufirst=Christopher&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ctvnews.ca%2Fpolitics%2Ffederal-election-2021%2Fo-toole-would-allow-safe-injection-sites-but-stops-short-of-decriminalization-1.5556883%3Fcache%3Dwcoseppn%253FclipId%253D89680%253Fot%253DAjaxLayout&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vancouverisawesome.com/highlights/drug-user-compassion-groups-see-success-in-safe-supply-distribution-5763733">"Drug user compassion groups in B.C. see success in safe supply distribution"</a>. <i>Pique Newsmagazine</i>. 31 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-09-01</span></span>. <q>The Canadian Association of People who use Drugs (CAPUD) and the Vancouver Association Network of Drug Users (VANDU) both appear to deny that drug use is intrinsically harmful. Rather, they imply it is the barriers created by prohibition that makes drug use dangerous.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Macdonald-Laurier+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=Rethinking+Canada%27s+misguided+ideological+approach+to+the+opioid+epidemic%3A+Jeremy+Eckert+Devine+for+Inside+Policy&amp;rft.date=2022-06-22&amp;rft.aulast=McDonough&amp;rft.aufirst=David&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmacdonaldlaurier.ca%2Frethinking-canadas-misguided-ideological-approach-to-the-opioid-epidemic-jeremy-eckert-devine-for-inside-policy%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDima2021" class="citation web cs1">Dima, Jake (2021-07-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/meth-heroin-cocaine-drugs-free-vancouver-canada-police-precinct">"Free meth, heroin, and cocaine given to users outside Canadian police precinct"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Washington+Examiner&amp;rft.atitle=Free+meth%2C+heroin%2C+and+cocaine+given+to+users+outside+Canadian+police+precinct&amp;rft.date=2021-07-16&amp;rft.aulast=Dima&amp;rft.aufirst=Jake&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonexaminer.com%2Fnews%2Fmeth-heroin-cocaine-drugs-free-vancouver-canada-police-precinct&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoannou2024" class="citation news cs1">Joannou, Ashley (Jul 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/b-c-drug-policy-landscape-1.7268697">"Years after Insite ruling, B.C. drug policy landscape still in flux"</a>. <i>CBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBC&amp;rft.atitle=Years+after+Insite+ruling%2C+B.C.+drug+policy+landscape+still+in+flux&amp;rft.date=2024-07-22&amp;rft.aulast=Joannou&amp;rft.aufirst=Ashley&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Fbritish-columbia%2Fb-c-drug-policy-landscape-1.7268697&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCecco2024" class="citation news cs1">Cecco, Leyland (2024-06-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/article/2024/jun/10/drug-user-liberation-front-charged-trafficking-canada">"Canadian drug advocacy group founders charged with trafficking"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0261-3077">0261-3077</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&amp;rft.atitle=Canadian+drug+advocacy+group+founders+charged+with+trafficking&amp;rft.date=2024-06-10&amp;rft.issn=0261-3077&amp;rft.aulast=Cecco&amp;rft.aufirst=Leyland&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2Farticle%2F2024%2Fjun%2F10%2Fdrug-user-liberation-front-charged-trafficking-canada&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vancouver_Area_Network_of_Drug_Users&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerrSmallPeeaceDouglas2006" class="citation journal cs1">Kerr, Thomas; Small, Will; Peeace, Wallace; Douglas, David; Pierre, Adam; Wood, Evan (March 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0955395906000065">"Harm reduction by a "user-run" organization: A case study of the Vancouver Area Network of Drug Users (VANDU)"</a>. <i>International Journal of Drug Policy</i>. <b>17</b> (2). <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>: <span class="nowrap">61–</span>69. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2006.01.003">10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.01.003</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=International+Journal+of+Drug+Policy&amp;rft.atitle=Harm+reduction+by+a+%22user-run%22+organization%3A+A+case+study+of+the+Vancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users+%28VANDU%29&amp;rft.volume=17&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E61-%3C%2Fspan%3E69&amp;rft.date=2006-03&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.drugpo.2006.01.003&amp;rft.aulast=Kerr&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft.au=Small%2C+Will&amp;rft.au=Peeace%2C+Wallace&amp;rft.au=Douglas%2C+David&amp;rft.au=Pierre%2C+Adam&amp;rft.au=Wood%2C+Evan&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS0955395906000065&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVancouver+Area+Network+of+Drug+Users" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vancouver_Area_Network_of_Drug_Users&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vandu.org/">VANDU</a> - Official website</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Drug_policy_interest_groups_(non-nicotine_and_non-alcohol)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Drug_policy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Drug policy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Drug_policy_interest_groups_(non-nicotine_and_non-alcohol)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a> interest groups (non-nicotine and non-alcohol)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy" title="Drug policy">Drug policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Decriminalization" title="Decriminalization">decriminalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prohibition_of_drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="Prohibition of drugs">prohibition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_policy_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug policy reform">Drug policy reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demand_reduction" title="Demand reduction">demand reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harm_reduction" title="Harm reduction">harm reduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">liberalization</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">1961 Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">1971 Psychotropic Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" title="United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">1988 Drug Trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis in the United Kingdom">Cannabis in the UK</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_classification_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Cannabis classification in the United Kingdom">reclassification</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Cannabis in the United States">Cannabis in the US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">reclassification</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations<br />supporting<br />prohibition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="International Narcotics Control Caucus">International Narcotics Control Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Dain_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_the_Non-Medical_Use_of_Drugs" title="Le Dain Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs">Le Dain Commission of Inquiry into the Non-Medical Use of Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_National_Drug_Control_Policy" title="Office of National Drug Control Policy">Office of National Drug Control Policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Above_the_Influence" title="Above the Influence">Above the Influence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Abuse_Resistance_Education" title="Drug Abuse Resistance Education">Drug Abuse Resistance Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Approaches_to_Marijuana" title="Smart Approaches to Marijuana">Smart Approaches to Marijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_on_Drugs" class="mw-redirect" title="War on Drugs">War on Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winners_Don%27t_Use_Drugs" title="Winners Don&#39;t Use Drugs">Winners Don't Use Drugs</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Narcotics_Force" title="Anti-Narcotics Force">Anti-Narcotics Force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Commission_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs">United Nations Commission on Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Narcotics_Control_Board" title="International Narcotics Control Board">International Narcotics Control Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_into_Drug_Trafficking" title="Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking">Royal Commission into Drug Trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Commission_of_Inquiry_into_Drug_Trafficking" title="Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking">Royal Commission of Inquiry into Drug Trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Office_on_Drugs_and_Crime" title="United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime">United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations<br />supporting<br />legalisation or<br />harm reduction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Global</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/FAAAT_think_%26_do_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="FAAAT think &amp; do tank">FAAAT think &amp; do tank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INPUD" title="INPUD">International Network for People who Use Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Action_Partnership" title="Law Enforcement Action Partnership">LEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Sensible_Drug_Policy" title="Students for Sensible Drug Policy">SSDP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Cannabis_Therapeutics" title="Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics">ACT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Alliance_for_Medical_Cannabis" title="American Alliance for Medical Cannabis">AAMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Safe_Access" title="Americans for Safe Access">ASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Action_Network" title="Cannabis Action Network">CAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Rescheduling_Cannabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis">CRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_for_Sensible_Marijuana_Policy" title="Committee for Sensible Marijuana Policy">CSMP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DanceSafe" title="DanceSafe">DanceSafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Policy_Alliance" title="Drug Policy Alliance">DPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DrugWarRant" title="DrugWarRant">DrugWarRant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Times_Freedom_Fighters" class="mw-redirect" title="High Times Freedom Fighters">High Times Freedom Fighters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project" title="Marijuana Policy Project">MPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Cannabis_Reform_Coalition" title="Massachusetts Cannabis Reform Coalition">Massachusetts Cannabis Reform Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cannabis_Industry_Association" title="National Cannabis Industry Association">NCIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_Coalition" title="November Coalition">November Coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patients_Out_of_Time" title="Patients Out of Time">PoT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safer_Alternative_for_Enjoyable_Recreation" title="Safer Alternative for Enjoyable Recreation">SAER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_for_Medical_Cannabis_Access" title="Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access">VMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VANDU" class="mw-redirect" title="VANDU">VANDU</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_Legalise_Cannabis_Campaigns" class="mw-redirect" title="British Legalise Cannabis Campaigns">British Legalise Cannabis Campaigns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Law_Reform" title="Cannabis Law Reform">Cannabis Law Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Equality_Alliance" title="Drug Equality Alliance">Drug Equality Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Coalition_for_Just_and_Effective_Drug_Policies" title="European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies">European Coalition for Just and Effective Drug Policies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Cannabis_Association" title="Finnish Cannabis Association">Finnish Cannabis Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metzineres" title="Metzineres">Metzineres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_France" title="NORML France">NORML France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_UK" title="NORML UK">NORML UK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Release_(agency)" title="Release (agency)">Release Drug Policy Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transform_Drug_Policy_Foundation" title="Transform Drug Policy Foundation">Transform Drug Policy Foundation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Namibia" title="Cannabis in Namibia">Cannabis and Hemp Association of Namibia (CHAN)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Couple" title="Dagga Couple">Fields of Green for All</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_NORML" title="Otago NORML">Otago NORML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_New_Zealand" title="NORML New Zealand">NORML New Zealand</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties" title="Cannabis political parties">Cannabis<br />political parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North<br />America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloc_pot" title="Bloc pot">Bloc pot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Marijuana_Party" title="British Columbia Marijuana Party">British Columbia Marijuana Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Party_of_Manitoba" title="Freedom Party of Manitoba">Freedom Party of Manitoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grassroots%E2%80%93Legalize_Cannabis_Party" title="Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party">Grassroots–Legalize Cannabis Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Marijuana_Now_Party" title="Legal Marijuana Now Party">Legal Marijuana Now Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalize_Marijuana_Party" title="Legalize Marijuana Party">Legalize Marijuana Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Party_(Canada)" title="Marijuana Party (Canada)">Marijuana Party (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Reform_Party" title="Marijuana Reform Party">Marijuana Reform Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saskatchewan_Marijuana_Party" title="Saskatchewan Marijuana Party">Saskatchewan Marijuana Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Marijuana_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marijuana Party">United States Marijuana Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Elsewhere</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ale_Yarok" title="Ale Yarok">Ale Yarok</a> (Israel)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_Legalise_Cannabis_Party" title="Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party">Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party</a> (New Zealand)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Is_Safer_Than_Alcohol" title="Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol">Cannabis Is Safer Than Alcohol</a> (UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Party_(Spain)" title="Cannabis Party (Spain)">Cannabis Party</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Party" title="Dagga Party">Dagga Party</a> (South Africa)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sans_fronti%C3%A8res" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis sans frontières">Cannabis sans frontières</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_sans_fronti%C3%A8res" class="extiw" title="fr:Cannabis sans frontières">fr</a>&#93;</span> (France)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalise_Cannabis_Australia" title="Legalise Cannabis Australia">Legalise Cannabis Australia</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legalise_Cannabis_Queensland" title="Legalise Cannabis Queensland">Legalise Cannabis Queensland</a> (Australia)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Party_(Spain)#2021–present:_Luz_Verde_(Green_Light)" title="Cannabis Party (Spain)">Luz Verde</a> (Spain)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Representaci%C3%B3n_Cann%C3%A1bica_de_Navarra_(RCN-NOK)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Representación Cannábica de Navarra (RCN-NOK) (page does not exist)">Representación Cannábica de Navarra (RCN-NOK)</a> (Spain)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research and<br />medical groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Cannabis_Therapeutics" title="Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics">Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beckley_Foundation" title="Beckley Foundation">Beckley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DrugScience" title="DrugScience">DrugScience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heffter_Research_Institute" title="Heffter Research Institute">Heffter Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Cannabinoid_Medicines" title="International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines">International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Ethnobotanical_Education,_Research_and_Service" title="International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service">International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindesmith_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindesmith Center">Lindesmith Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidisciplinary_Association_for_Psychedelic_Studies" title="Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies">Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Cannabis_Buyers%27_Cooperative" title="Oakland Cannabis Buyers&#39; Cooperative">Oakland Cannabis Buyers' Cooperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Cannabis_Buyers_Club" title="San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club">San Francisco Cannabis Buyers Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Cannabis_Clinicians" title="Society of Cannabis Clinicians">Society of Cannabis Clinicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trans-European_Drug_Information" title="Trans-European Drug Information">Trans-European Drug Information network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐fngk6 Cached time: 20241228195608 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.505 seconds Real time usage: 0.737 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2634/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 82783/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1400/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 79970/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.323/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6852614/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities 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Politely
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.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the racehorse. For the album by Bill Hardman, see <a href="/wiki/Politely_(album)" title="Politely (album)">Politely (album)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background-color: #d2b48c">Politely</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sire</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amerigo_(horse)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Amerigo (horse) (page does not exist)">Amerigo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Grandsire</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nearco" title="Nearco">Nearco</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dam</th><td class="infobox-data">Morn Again</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Damsire</th><td class="infobox-data">Sun Again</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sex</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Filly" title="Filly">Filly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Foaled</th><td class="infobox-data">1963</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">United States</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colour</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chestnut_(coat)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chestnut (coat)">Chestnut</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Breeder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Allaire_du_Pont" title="Allaire du Pont">Allaire du Pont</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data">Bohemia Stable</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trainer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George M. Baker (page does not exist)">George M. Baker</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Record</th><td class="infobox-data">49- 21-9-5</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Earnings</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">US$</a>552,972</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2b48c">Major wins</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Personal_Ensign_Stakes" title="Personal Ensign Stakes">Firenze Handicap</a> (1967, 1968)<br /><a href="/wiki/Matchmaker_Stakes" title="Matchmaker Stakes">Matchmaker Stakes</a> (1967, 1968)<br /><a href="/wiki/Molly_Pitcher_Stakes" title="Molly Pitcher Stakes">Molly Pitcher Handicap</a> (1967, 1968)<br /><a href="/wiki/Go_For_Wand_Handicap" class="mw-redirect" title="Go For Wand Handicap">Maskette Handicap</a> (1967) <br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stakes" title="New York Stakes">New York Handicap</a> (1967) <br /><a href="/wiki/Delaware_Handicap" title="Delaware Handicap">Delaware Handicap</a> (1968)<br /><a href="/wiki/Vineland_Handicap" title="Vineland Handicap">Vineland Handicap</a> (1968)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ladies_Handicap" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladies Handicap">Ladies Handicap</a> (1968)<br /><a href="/wiki/Sheepshead_Bay_Handicap" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheepshead Bay Handicap">Sheepshead Bay Handicap</a> (1968)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #d2b48c">Honours</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aiken_Thoroughbred_Racing_Hall_of_Fame&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aiken Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame (page does not exist)">Aiken Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame</a> (1977)<br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Thoroughbred_Hall_of_Fame&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryland Thoroughbred Hall of Fame (page does not exist)">Maryland Thoroughbred Hall of Fame</a><br />(2013)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="color: #555">Last updated on April 23, 2010</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Politely</b> (foaled 1963 in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>) was an American <a href="/wiki/Thoroughbred" title="Thoroughbred">Thoroughbred</a> <a href="/wiki/Horse_racing" title="Horse racing">racehorse</a>. She was bred by Allaire du Pont and raced under her Bohemia Stable banner. Her sire, Amerigo, a son of the great <a href="/wiki/Nearco" title="Nearco">Nearco</a>, was a stakes winner of races in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and the United States including the <a href="/wiki/Coventry_Stakes" title="Coventry Stakes">Coventry Stakes</a>, New York Handicap and the <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Capistrano_Handicap" class="mw-redirect" title="San Juan Capistrano Handicap">San Juan Capistrano Handicap</a>. Her dam was Morn Again, a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Calumet_Farm" title="Calumet Farm">Calumet Farm's</a> multiple stakes winner Sun Again. </p><p>When Politely, trained by <a href="/w/index.php?title=George_M._Baker&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="George M. Baker (page does not exist)">George Baker</a>, raced at age three, her best outing was a third to 1965 <a href="/wiki/American_Horse_of_the_Year" title="American Horse of the Year">American Horse of the Year</a> <a href="/wiki/Moccasin_(horse)" title="Moccasin (horse)">Moccasin</a> in the 1966 <a href="/wiki/Test_Stakes" title="Test Stakes">Test Stakes</a>. At ages four and five, she was one of the top fillies in the United States, scoring back-to-back wins in three important stakes races, which included equalling and breaking the <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Park_Racetrack" title="Monmouth Park Racetrack">Monmouth Park</a> track record in the <a href="/wiki/Matchmaker_Stakes" title="Matchmaker Stakes">Matchmaker Stakes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Retired to broodmare duty, Politely produced eleven foals between 1971 and 1987. She was bred to top stallions such as <a href="/wiki/Hoist_The_Flag" title="Hoist The Flag">Hoist The Flag</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dr._Fager" title="Dr. Fager">Dr. Fager</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alydar" title="Alydar">Alydar</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Minstrel" title="The Minstrel">The Minstrel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smarten" title="Smarten">Smarten</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dancer" title="Northern Dancer">Northern Dancer</a>, but her offspring met with limited racing success. </p><p>In 1977 Politely was inducted into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aiken_Thoroughbred_Racing_Hall_of_Fame&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aiken Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame (page does not exist)">Aiken Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame</a> and into the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maryland_Thoroughbred_Hall_of_Fame&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maryland Thoroughbred Hall of Fame (page does not exist)">Maryland Thoroughbred Hall of Fame</a> in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Politely&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyra.com/saratoga/racing/stakes-schedule/personal-ensign/">"Personal Ensign"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Racing_Association" title="New York Racing Association">NYRA</a>. 2019-08-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Personal+Ensign&amp;rft.pub=NYRA&amp;rft.date=2019-08-24&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyra.com%2Fsaratoga%2Fracing%2Fstakes-schedule%2Fpersonal-ensign%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitely" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyra.com/saratoga/racing/stakes-schedule/personal-ensign/">"Politely Scores a Nose Victory in $29,650 New York Handicap at Aqueduct"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>, Section S, page 81. 1967-10-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Politely+Scores+a+Nose+Victory+in+%2429%2C650+New+York+Handicap+at+Aqueduct&amp;rft.pub=New+York+Times%2C+Section+S%2C+page+81&amp;rft.date=1967-10-26&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nyra.com%2Fsaratoga%2Fracing%2Fstakes-schedule%2Fpersonal-ensign%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitely" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdthoroughbredhalloffame.com/index.php/the-horses/class-of-2013/politely">"Politely"</a>. Maryland Thoroughbred Hall of Fame. 2013-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Politely&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+Thoroughbred+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft.date=2013-01-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmdthoroughbredhalloffame.com%2Findex.php%2Fthe-horses%2Fclass-of-2013%2Fpolitely&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitely" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mdthoroughbredhalloffame.com/index.php/the-horses/class-of-2013/politely">"Politely"</a>. Maryland Thoroughbred Hall of Fame. 2013-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Politely&amp;rft.pub=Maryland+Thoroughbred+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft.date=2013-01-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmdthoroughbredhalloffame.com%2Findex.php%2Fthe-horses%2Fclass-of-2013%2Fpolitely&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitely" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aikenracinghalloffame.com/Politely.html">"Politely"</a>. Aiken Thoroughbred Racing Hall of Fame. 1977-01-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-10-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Politely&amp;rft.pub=Aiken+Thoroughbred+Racing+Hall+of+Fame&amp;rft.date=1977-01-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aikenracinghalloffame.com%2FPolitely.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APolitely" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7845fc798d‐6vllj Cached time: 20241229064625 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.196 seconds Real time usage: 0.276 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 798/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 16433/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1960/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 8/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 18855/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.124/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 4003208/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 255.828 1 -total 42.48% 108.682 1 Template:Reflist 37.09% 94.885 5 Template:Cite_web 29.19% 74.666 1 Template:Short_description 17.33% 44.335 1 Template:Infobox_racehorse 15.51% 39.670 2 Template:Pagetype 15.40% 39.390 1 Template:Infobox 9.41% 24.080 1 Template:About 9.31% 23.819 4 Template:Main_other 8.46% 21.654 1 Template:SDcat --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255392:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241229064625 and revision id 967912417. 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Guicheng station
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class="mw-page-title-main">Guicheng station</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%AA%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87_%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C_%DA%AF%D9%88%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%86%DA%AF" title="ایستگاه متروی گویچنگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایستگاه متروی گویچنگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guicheng_(m%C3%A9tro_de_Foshan)" title="Guicheng (métro de Foshan) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Guicheng (métro de Foshan)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%9F%8E%E9%A7%85" title="桂城駅 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="桂城駅" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%9F%8E%E7%AB%99" title="桂城站 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="桂城站" data-language-autonym="粵語" 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guicheng_station&amp;params=23.031674_N_113.141432_E_type:railwaystation_region:CN-44_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°01′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°08′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.031674°N 113.141432°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.031674; 113.141432</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Guangfo Metro station in Foshan</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021842319">.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}@media only screen and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ib-station{width:25.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-station-name{width:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-station"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div style="display: table; width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse"><div class="ib-station-name"><div style="display:inline" class="fn org">Guicheng</div><br /><div class="nickname" style="font-weight: normal" lang="zh">桂城</div></div><div style="display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle;padding-left:3px;white-space:nowrap"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Metro" title="Foshan Metro"><img alt="Foshan Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/23px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/35px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/46px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="180" /></a></span></div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Platform_3,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Platform_3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/300px-Platform_3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Platform_3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/450px-Platform_3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Platform_3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/600px-Platform_3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8027" data-file-height="5351" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Line 3 platform</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #b0c4de;">Chinese name</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span title="Chinese-language text"><span lang="zh-Hani">桂城站</span></span></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%; text-align: left; background-color: #f9ffbc;">Transcriptions</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Standard_Chinese" title="Standard Chinese">Standard Mandarin</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Hanyu_Pinyin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanyu Pinyin">Hanyu Pinyin</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Guìchéng Zhàn</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #dcffc9;"><a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Yue: Cantonese</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Gwai<sup>3</sup>sing<sup>4</sup> Zaam<sup>6</sup></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#efefef">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label">Intersection of Nangui Road (南桂路) and Nanhai Boulevard (南海大道), <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai District</a>, <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a><br />China</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Guicheng_station&amp;params=23.031674_N_113.141432_E_type:railwaystation_region:CN-44_source:Gaode"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">23°01′54″N</span> <span class="longitude">113°08′29″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">23.031674°N 113.141432°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">23.031674; 113.141432</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operated by</th><td class="infobox-data">Foshan Railway Investment Construction Group Co. Ltd.<br />Guangzhou Metro Co. Ltd.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Line(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#c4d600;border:1px solid #000">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro">Guangfo line</a><br /><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#002f87;border:1px solid #000">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)">Line 3</a><br />South section</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data">4 (2 <a href="/wiki/Island_platforms" class="mw-redirect" title="Island platforms">island platforms</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tracks</th><td class="infobox-data">4</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#efefef">Construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structure type</th><td class="infobox-data">Underground</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Platform levels</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Accessible</th><td class="infobox-data">Yes</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#efefef">Other information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Station code</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><span style="display: inline-block; height: 1.4em; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 1em; white-space: nowrap; border: 2px solid #c4d600; border-radius: 0.8em;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1em; height: 1.4em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.3em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-right: 2px solid #c4d600">GF</span><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1em; height: 1.4em; line-height: 1.4em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.3em">11</span></span> <span style="display: inline-block; height: 1.4em; line-height: 1.4em; font-size: 1em; white-space: nowrap; border: 2px solid #002f87; clip-path: polygon(8px 0, calc(100% - 8px) 0, 100% 8px, 100% calc(100% - 8px), calc(100% - 8px) 100%, 8px 100%, 0% calc(100% - 8px), 0% 8px); background: linear-gradient(-45deg, #002f87 4.5px, transparent 0) bottom right, linear-gradient(45deg, #002f87 4.5px, transparent 0) bottom left, linear-gradient(135deg, #002f87 4.5px, transparent 0) top left, linear-gradient(-135deg, #002f87 4.5px, transparent 0) top right; background-repeat: no-repeat; border: solid 2px #002f87;; color: inherit;"><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1em; height: 1.4em; line-height: 1.4em; text-align: center; padding-left: 0.3em; padding-right: 0.2em; border-right: 2px solid #002f87;">F3</span><span style="display: inline-block; min-width: 1em; height: 1.4em; line-height: 1.4em; padding-left: 0.2em; padding-right: 0.3em;">24</span></span> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#efefef">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opened</th><td class="infobox-data">3&#160;November 2010<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;14 years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2010-11-03</span>)</span> (Guangfo line)<br />23&#160;August 2024<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;4 months ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2024-08-23</span>)</span> (Line 3)</td></tr><tr style="display: none"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#efefef">Services</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1085279413">.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations{max-width:50em;margin:0.5em auto;font-size:95%;clear:both}.mw-parser-output .infobox .adjacent-stations{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations .isA{font-size:90%;font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations .smA{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .infobox .adjacent-stations .isA,.mw-parser-output .infobox .adjacent-stations .smA{font-size:96.6%}.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations .hcA{width:30%;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations .hmA,.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations .hmA>a:last-child{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations .bcA{text-align:center;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations .bbA{text-align:center;width:8px;min-width:8px}.mw-parser-output .adjacent-stations-noclear{clear:none}</style> <table class="wikitable adjacent-stations"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="hcA">Preceding station </th> <th scope="col" colspan="3" class="hmA"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Metro" title="Foshan Metro"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/23px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/35px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/46px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Foshan_Metro" title="Foshan Metro">Foshan Metro</a> </th> <th scope="col" class="hcA">Following station </th></tr> <tr> <td class="bcA"><a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_station" title="Chao&#39;an station">Chao'an</a><div class="isA">towards <a href="/wiki/Xincheng_Dong_station" title="Xincheng Dong station">Xincheng Dong</a></div> </td> <td class="bbA notheme" style="color:inherit;background-color:#c4d600"> </td> <td class="bcA"><a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro">Guangfo Line</a> </td> <td class="bbA notheme" style="color:inherit;background-color:#c4d600"> </td> <td class="bcA"><a href="/wiki/Nangui_Lu_station" title="Nangui Lu station">Nangui Lu</a><div class="isA">towards <a href="/wiki/Lijiao_station" title="Lijiao station">Lijiao</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="bcA"><a href="/wiki/Xiyue_station" title="Xiyue station">Xiyue</a><div class="isA">towards <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park_station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Zhongshan Park station (Foshan Metro)">Zhongshan Park</a></div> </td> <td class="bbA notheme" style="color:inherit;background-color:#002f87"> </td> <td class="bcA"><a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)">Line 3</a><br />South section </td> <td class="bbA notheme" style="color:inherit;background-color:#002f87"> </td> <td class="bcA"><a href="/wiki/Zhen%27an_station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Zhen&#39;an station (Foshan Metro)">Zhen'an</a><div class="isA">towards <a href="/wiki/Shunde_College_Railway_Station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Shunde College Railway Station (Foshan Metro)">Shunde College Railway Station</a></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr style="display: none"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr style="display: none"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Guicheng Station</b> (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_language" title="Chinese language">Chinese</a>&#58; <span lang="zh">桂城站</span>; <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">pinyin</a>&#58; <i><span lang="zh-Latn">Guìchéng Zhàn</span></i>; <a href="/wiki/Jyutping" title="Jyutping">Jyutping</a>&#58; <i><span lang="yue-Latn-jyutping">Gwai<sup>3</sup>sing<sup>4</sup> Zaam<sup>6</sup></span></i>) is an <a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">interchange station</a> <a href="/wiki/Metro_station" title="Metro station">metro station</a> of <a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Line,_FMetro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Line, FMetro">Guangfo Line (FMetro Line 1)</a> and <a href="/wiki/FMetro" class="mw-redirect" title="FMetro">FMetro</a> Line 3.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is located at the <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">underground</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Intersection_(road)" title="Intersection (road)">junction</a> of Nanhai Avenue North (<span lang="zh">南海大道北</span>) and Nangui Road (<span lang="zh">南桂路</span>) in <a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E5%9F%8E%E8%A1%97%E9%81%93" class="extiw" title="zh:桂城街道">Guicheng Subdistrict</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanhai_District" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai District">Nanhai District</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Foshan" title="Foshan">Foshan</a>, China. The station is situated at the <a href="/wiki/Central_business_district" title="Central business district">central business district</a> of Nanhai District,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> near the headquarters of Nanhai municipal government. Construction started in 2007<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was completed on 3 November 2010. The <a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)">Line 3</a> station opened on August 23, 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Station_layout">Station layout</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guicheng_station&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Station layout"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="50" valign="top"><b>G</b> </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="100" valign="top">- </td> <td style="border-top:solid 1px gray;" width="390" valign="top">Exits A, B, D1, D2, E </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray; border-top:solid 1px gray;" valign="top"><b>L1<br />Concourse</b> </td> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray; border-top:solid 1px gray;" valign="top">Lobby </td> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray; border-top:solid 1px gray;" valign="top">Ticket Machines, Customer Service, Shops, Police Station, Safety Facilities </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" rowspan="3" valign="top"><b>L2<br />Platforms</b> </td> <td>Platform <span style="background: #c4d600; color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; font-weight: bold">2</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="arrow for L" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/19px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/29px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/38px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <span style="background-color:#c4d600; color:white; border:0.1em solid #c4d600;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">Guangfo</span></a>&#160;</span> towards <a href="/wiki/Xincheng_Dong_station" title="Xincheng Dong station">Xincheng Dong</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_station" title="Chao&#39;an station">Chao'an</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan="2"><small><a href="/wiki/Island_platform" title="Island platform">Island platform</a>, doors will open on the left</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;">Platform <span style="background: #c4d600; color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; font-weight: bold">1</span> </td> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"><span style="background-color:#c4d600; color:white; border:0.1em solid #c4d600;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">Guangfo</span></a>&#160;</span> towards <a href="/wiki/Lijiao_Station" class="mw-redirect" title="Lijiao Station">Lijiao</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Nangui_Lu_station" title="Nangui Lu station">Nangui Lu</a>)</small> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="arrow for R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/19px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/29px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/38px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" valign="top"> </td> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" valign="top">Mezzanine </td> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" valign="top">Transfer level between <span style="background-color:#c4d600; color:white; border:0.1em solid #c4d600;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">Guangfo</span></a>&#160;</span> and <span style="background-color:#002f87; color:white; border:0.1em solid #002f87;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;" rowspan="3" valign="top"><b>L3<br />Platforms</b> </td> <td>Platform <span style="background: #002f87; color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; font-weight: bold">3</span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="arrow for L" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/19px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/29px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/38px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> <span style="background-color:#002f87; color:white; border:0.1em solid #002f87;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span> towards <a href="/wiki/Zhongshan_Park_station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Zhongshan Park station (Foshan Metro)">Zhongshan Park</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Xiyue_station" title="Xiyue station">Xiyue</a>)</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-right:solid 2px black;border-left:solid 2px black;border-top:solid 2px black;border-bottom:solid 2px black;text-align:center;" colspan="2"><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Island_platform" title="Island platform">Island platform</a>, doors will open on the left</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;">Platform <span style="background: #002f87; color: #ffffff; display: inline-block; width: 1.5em; height: 1.5em; line-height: 1.5em; text-align: center; border-radius: 50%; font-weight: bold">4</span> </td> <td style="border-bottom:solid 1px gray;"><span style="background-color:#002f87; color:white; border:0.1em solid #002f87;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span> towards <a href="/wiki/Shunde_College_Railway_Station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Shunde College Railway Station (Foshan Metro)">Shunde College Railway Station</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Zhen%27an_station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Zhen&#39;an station (Foshan Metro)">Zhen'an</a>)</span> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="arrow for R" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/19px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/29px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/38px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Exits">Exits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guicheng_station&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Exits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th style="width:70px" colspan="2">Exit letter </th> <th>Exit location </th></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2">A </td> <td>Nanhai Boulevard, Foshan Haobainian Oral Cavity </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2">B </td> <td>Nanhai Boulevard, East Nangui Road, Nanhai District People's Government, Nanhai Branch of Foshan Public Security Bureau </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" rowspan="2">D </td> <td>D1 </td> <td>East Nangui Road, Nanhai Boulevard, West Nangui Road </td></tr> <tr> <td>D2 </td> <td>East Nangui Road, Nanhai Boulevard, West Nangui Road, Nanhai Blood Station Blood Donation House </td></tr> <tr> <td align="center" colspan="2">E </td> <td>Nanhai Boulevard </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guicheng_station&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concourse_of_L3,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Line 3 concourse"><img alt="Line 3 concourse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Concourse_of_L3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/180px-Concourse_of_L3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Concourse_of_L3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/270px-Concourse_of_L3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Concourse_of_L3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/360px-Concourse_of_L3%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7972" data-file-height="5315" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Line 3 concourse</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concourse_of_GF,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Guangfo line concourse"><img alt="Guangfo line concourse" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Concourse_of_GF%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/180px-Concourse_of_GF%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Concourse_of_GF%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/270px-Concourse_of_GF%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Concourse_of_GF%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/360px-Concourse_of_GF%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7738" data-file-height="5159" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Guangfo line concourse</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interchange_Passageway_Entrance,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transfer node entrance to Line 3 from Guangfo line platform"><img alt="Transfer node entrance to Line 3 from Guangfo line platform" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Interchange_Passageway_Entrance%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/180px-Interchange_Passageway_Entrance%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Interchange_Passageway_Entrance%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/270px-Interchange_Passageway_Entrance%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Interchange_Passageway_Entrance%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/360px-Interchange_Passageway_Entrance%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7243" data-file-height="4829" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transfer node entrance to Line 3 from Guangfo line platform</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Interchange_Passageway,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Transfer passageway (one-way only)"><img alt="Transfer passageway (one-way only)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Interchange_Passageway%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/180px-Interchange_Passageway%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Interchange_Passageway%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/270px-Interchange_Passageway%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Interchange_Passageway%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/360px-Interchange_Passageway%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7963" data-file-height="5309" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Transfer passageway (one-way only)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exit_B,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exit B"><img alt="Exit B" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Exit_B%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/180px-Exit_B%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Exit_B%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/270px-Exit_B%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Exit_B%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/360px-Exit_B%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6923" data-file-height="4615" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exit B</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exit_D2,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exit D2"><img alt="Exit D2" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Exit_D2%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/180px-Exit_D2%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Exit_D2%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/270px-Exit_D2%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Exit_D2%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/360px-Exit_D2%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7045" data-file-height="4697" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exit D2</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Exit_E,_Guicheng_Station,_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Exit E"><img alt="Exit E" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Exit_E%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/180px-Exit_E%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Exit_E%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/270px-Exit_E%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Exit_E%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg/360px-Exit_E%2C_Guicheng_Station%2C_Foshan_Metro_20240825.jpg 2x" data-file-width="8045" data-file-height="5363" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exit E</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guicheng_station&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140222062651/http://www.ycwb.com.cn/big5/news/2008-10/07/content_1985001.htm"><bdi lang="zh">廣佛地鐵共設9座換乘站 44車站自動扶梯招標</bdi></a> (in Simplified Chinese). 2008-10-07. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ycwb.com.cn/big5/news/2008-10/07/content_1985001.htm">the original</a> on 2014-02-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E5%BB%A3%E4%BD%9B%E5%9C%B0%E9%90%B5%E5%85%B1%E8%A8%AD9%E5%BA%A7%E6%8F%9B%E4%B9%98%E7%AB%99+44%E8%BB%8A%E7%AB%99%E8%87%AA%E5%8B%95%E6%89%B6%E6%A2%AF%E6%8B%9B%E6%A8%99&amp;rft.date=2008-10-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ycwb.com.cn%2Fbig5%2Fnews%2F2008-10%2F07%2Fcontent_1985001.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuicheng+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20110707032831/http://www.fsgh.gov.cn/ghj/news/news.aspx?id=20071128103305"><bdi lang="zh">桂城5大地铁站点月底全部封闭施工</bdi></a> (in Chinese). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fsgh.gov.cn/ghj/news/news.aspx?id=20071128103305">the original</a> on 2011-07-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E6%A1%82%E5%9F%8E5%E5%A4%A7%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%81%E7%AB%99%E7%82%B9%E6%9C%88%E5%BA%95%E5%85%A8%E9%83%A8%E5%B0%81%E9%97%AD%E6%96%BD%E5%B7%A5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fsgh.gov.cn%2Fghj%2Fnews%2Fnews.aspx%3Fid%3D20071128103305&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuicheng+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.soufun.com/20414865/3127059/articledetail.htm">"Guangzhou Metro Corporation to develop a complex scheme in Foshan"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Guangzhou+Metro+Corporation+to+develop+a+complex+scheme+in+Foshan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fblog.soufun.com%2F20414865%2F3127059%2Farticledetail.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuicheng+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldrailway.cn/english/foster/CHENGGUI/200707/629.html">"Guangzhou-Foshan Metro project starts"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Guangzhou-Foshan+Metro+project+starts&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldrailway.cn%2Fenglish%2Ffoster%2FCHENGGUI%2F200707%2F629.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuicheng+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF李传智2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">李传智 (2024-08-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huacheng.gz-cmc.com/pages/2024/08/20/SF12485081a2f8aacba52847da986cca.html">"官宣!佛山地铁3号线在建段将于本周五开通"</a> &#91;Official announcement! The under-construction section of Foshan Metro Line 3 will open this Friday&#93;. <i><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Daily" title="Guangzhou Daily">Guangzhou Daily</a></i> (in Simplified Chinese). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240820014948/https://huacheng.gz-cmc.com/pages/2024/08/20/SF12485081a2f8aacba52847da986cca.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2024-08-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-21</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Guangzhou+Daily&amp;rft.atitle=%E5%AE%98%E5%AE%A3%EF%BC%81%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B1%E5%9C%B0%E9%93%813%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%9C%A8%E5%BB%BA%E6%AE%B5%E5%B0%86%E4%BA%8E%E6%9C%AC%E5%91%A8%E4%BA%94%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A&amp;rft.date=2024-08-20&amp;rft.au=%E6%9D%8E%E4%BC%A0%E6%99%BA&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuacheng.gz-cmc.com%2Fpages%2F2024%2F08%2F20%2FSF12485081a2f8aacba52847da986cca.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuicheng+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREF刘佳伦2024" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">刘佳伦 (2024-08-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240823053738/https://pc.nfnews.com/40/9679294.html">"佛山3号线开通首日,人气如何?南方+记者带你现场直击"</a> &#91;How popular is Foshan Line 3 on its first day of operation? 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-08-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nanfang+Daily&amp;rft.atitle=%E4%BD%9B%E5%B1%B13%E5%8F%B7%E7%BA%BF%E5%BC%80%E9%80%9A%E9%A6%96%E6%97%A5%EF%BC%8C%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%94%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%EF%BC%9F%E5%8D%97%E6%96%B9%2B%E8%AE%B0%E8%80%85%E5%B8%A6%E4%BD%A0%E7%8E%B0%E5%9C%BA%E7%9B%B4%E5%87%BB&amp;rft.date=2024-08-23&amp;rft.au=%E5%88%98%E4%BD%B3%E4%BC%A6&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpc.nfnews.com%2F40%2F9679294.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGuicheng+station" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Guangzhou_Metro" title="Template:Guangzhou Metro"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Guangzhou_Metro" title="Template talk:Guangzhou Metro"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Guangzhou_Metro" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Guangzhou Metro"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Guangzhou_Metro_stations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro">Guangzhou Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Guangzhou_Metro_stations" title="List of Guangzhou Metro stations">stations</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #c4d600;"><a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro">Guangfo line</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xincheng_Dong_station" title="Xincheng Dong station">Xincheng Dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_station_(Guangfo_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongping station (Guangfo line)">Dongping</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Metro" title="Foshan Metro"><img alt="Foshan Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/23px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/35px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/46px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#002f87; color:white; border:0.1em solid #002f87;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Metropolitan_Region_intercity_railway" title="Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway"><img alt="PRDIR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/19px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/28px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/38px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijilian_station" title="Shijilian station">Shijilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanshi_station" title="Lanshi station">Lanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiqi_Lu_station" title="Kuiqi Lu station">Kuiqi Lu</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Metro" title="Foshan Metro"><img alt="Foshan Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/23px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/35px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/46px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#f5333f; color:white; border:0.1em solid #f5333f;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">2</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihua_Park_station" title="Jihua Park station">Jihua Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_Lu_station" title="Tongji Lu station">Tongji Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zumiao_station" title="Zumiao station">Zumiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujun_Beilu_station" title="Pujun Beilu station">Pujun Beilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_station" title="Chao&#39;an station">Chao'an</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guicheng</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Metro" title="Foshan Metro"><img alt="Foshan Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/23px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/35px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9b/FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg/46px-FMetro_%28cropped%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="180" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#002f87; color:white; border:0.1em solid #002f87;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangui_Lu_station" title="Nangui Lu station">Nangui Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigang_station" title="Leigang station">Leigang</a> <span style="background-color:#78C7EB; color:white; border:0.1em solid #78C7EB;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Tram_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai Tram Line 1"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">TNH1</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandeng_Lake_station" title="Qiandeng Lake station">Qiandeng Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Hi-Tech_Zone_station" title="Financial Hi-Tech Zone station">Financial Hi-Tech Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longxi_station" title="Longxi station">Longxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jushu_station" title="Jushu station">Jushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilang_station" title="Xilang station">Xilang</a> <span style="background-color:#f3d03e; color:#000; border:0.1em solid #f3d03e;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:#000; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">1</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedong_station" title="Hedong station">Hedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shachong_station" title="Shachong station">Shachong</a> <span style="background-color:#ffb40c; color:white; border:0.1em solid #ffb40c;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">11</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayuan_station" title="Shayuan station">Shayuan</a> <span style="background-color:#008c95; color:white; border:0.1em solid #008c95;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_8_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">8</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangang_station" title="Yangang station">Yangang</a> <span style="background-color:#ffb40c; color:white; border:0.1em solid #ffb40c;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">11</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixi_station" title="Shixi station">Shixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhou_station_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Nanzhou station (Guangzhou Metro)">Nanzhou</a> <span style="background-color:#00629b; color:white; border:0.1em solid #00629b;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">2</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiao_station" title="Lijiao station">Lijiao</a> <span style="background-color:#eca154; color:white; border:0.1em solid #eca154;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Foshan_Metro_stations" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Foshan_Metro" title="Template:Foshan Metro"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Foshan_Metro" title="Template talk:Foshan Metro"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Foshan_Metro" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Foshan Metro"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Foshan_Metro_stations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Foshan_Metro" title="Foshan Metro">Foshan Metro</a> stations</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #c4d600;"><a href="/wiki/Guangfo_line" title="Guangfo line">Guangfo line<br />(Line 1)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Xincheng_Dong_station" title="Xincheng Dong station">Xincheng Dong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongping_station" title="Dongping station">Dongping</a> <span style="background-color:#002f87; color:white; border:0.1em solid #002f87;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Metropolitan_Region_intercity_railway" title="Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway"><img alt="PRDIR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/19px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/28px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/38px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shijilian_station" title="Shijilian station">Shijilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanshi_station" title="Lanshi station">Lanshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuiqi_Lu_station" title="Kuiqi Lu station">Kuiqi Lu</a> <span style="background-color:#f5333f; color:white; border:0.1em solid #f5333f;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">2</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihua_Park_station" title="Jihua Park station">Jihua Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongji_Lu_station" title="Tongji Lu station">Tongji Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zumiao_station" title="Zumiao station">Zumiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pujun_Beilu_station" title="Pujun Beilu station">Pujun Beilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chao%27an_station" title="Chao&#39;an station">Chao'an</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Guicheng</a> <span style="background-color:#002f87; color:white; border:0.1em solid #002f87;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nangui_Lu_station" title="Nangui Lu station">Nangui Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigang_station" title="Leigang station">Leigang</a> <span style="background-color:#78C7EB; color:white; border:0.1em solid #78C7EB;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Nanhai_Tram_Line_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanhai Tram Line 1"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">TNH1</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qiandeng_Lake_station" title="Qiandeng Lake station">Qiandeng Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_Hi-Tech_Zone_station" title="Financial Hi-Tech Zone station">Financial Hi-Tech Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longxi_station" title="Longxi station">Longxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jushu_station" title="Jushu station">Jushu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xilang_station" title="Xilang station">Xilang</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/14px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/20px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/27px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#f3d03e; color:#000; border:0.1em solid #f3d03e;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_1_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 1 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:#000; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">1</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hedong_station" title="Hedong station">Hedong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shachong_station" title="Shachong station">Shachong</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/14px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/20px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/27px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#ffb40c; color:white; border:0.1em solid #ffb40c;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">11</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shayuan_station" title="Shayuan station">Shayuan</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/14px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/20px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/27px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#008c95; color:white; border:0.1em solid #008c95;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_8_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 8 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">8</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yangang_station" title="Yangang station">Yangang</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/14px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/20px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/27px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#ffb40c; color:white; border:0.1em solid #ffb40c;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_11_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 11 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">11</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shixi_station" title="Shixi station">Shixi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanzhou_station_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Nanzhou station (Guangzhou Metro)">Nanzhou</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/14px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/20px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/27px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#00629b; color:white; border:0.1em solid #00629b;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_2_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 2 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">2</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lijiao_station" title="Lijiao station">Lijiao</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/14px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/20px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/27px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#eca154; color:white; border:0.1em solid #eca154;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">3</span></a>&#160;</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;box-shadow: inset -5px 0 0 0 #002f87;"><a href="/wiki/Line_3_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Line 3 (Foshan Metro)">Line 3</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foshan_University_station" title="Foshan University station">Foshan University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanhai_University_Town_station" title="Nanhai University Town station">Nanhai University Town</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo%27ai_Zhonglu_station" title="Bo&#39;ai Zhonglu station">Bo'ai Zhonglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesheng_Lu_station" title="Kesheng Lu station">Kesheng Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xingye_Donglu_station" title="Xingye Donglu station">Xingye Donglu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foshan_West_Railway_Station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Foshan West Railway Station (Foshan Metro)">Foshan West Railway Station</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China_Railway" title="China Railway"><img alt="China Railway" 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style="background-color:#c4d600; color:white; border:0.1em solid #c4d600;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Guangfo_Metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Guangfo Metro"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">Guangfo</span></a>&#160;</span> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Metropolitan_Region_intercity_railway" title="Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway"><img alt="PRDIR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/19px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/28px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/38px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dadun_station" title="Dadun station">Dadun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuebu_station" title="Yuebu station">Yuebu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzhou_Convention_%26_Exhibition_Center_station" title="Tanzhou Convention &amp; Exhibition Center station">Tanzhou Convention &amp; Exhibition Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijiao_West_Railway_Station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Beijiao West Railway Station (Foshan Metro)">Beijiao West Railway Station</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Delta_Metropolitan_Region_intercity_railway" title="Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region intercity railway"><img alt="PRDIR" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/19px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/28px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg/38px-PRDIR_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="292" /></a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaocun_station" title="Gaocun station">Gaocun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beijiao_Park_station" title="Beijiao Park station">Beijiao Park</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Guangzhou_Metro" title="Guangzhou Metro"><img alt="Guangzhou Metro" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/14px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/20px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg/27px-Guangzhou_Metro_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="45" data-file-height="53" /></a></span> <span style="background-color:#97d700; color:white; border:0.1em solid #97d700;">&#160;<a href="/wiki/Line_7_(Guangzhou_Metro)" title="Line 7 (Guangzhou Metro)"><span style="color:white; font-weight:bold; font-size:inherit; white-space:nowrap;">7</span></a>&#160;</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guangjiao_station" title="Guangjiao station">Guangjiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunjiao_station" title="Lunjiao station">Lunjiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licun_station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Licun station (Foshan Metro)">Licun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_People%27s_Hospital_of_Shunde_station" title="The First People&#39;s Hospital of Shunde station">The First People's Hospital of Shunde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huanshi_Bei_station" title="Huanshi Bei station">Huanshi Bei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daliang_Zhonglou_station" title="Daliang Zhonglou station">Daliang Zhonglou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongle_Lu_station" title="Dongle Lu station">Dongle Lu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurong_Beilu_station" title="Jurong Beilu station">Jurong Beilu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunde_No.1_High_School_station" title="Shunde No.1 High School station">Shunde No.1 High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunde_OCT_Harbour_PLUS_station" title="Shunde OCT Harbour PLUS station">Shunde OCT Harbour PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shunde_College_Railway_Station_(Foshan_Metro)" title="Shunde College Railway Station (Foshan Metro)">Shunde College Railway Station</a> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/China_Railway" title="China Railway"><img alt="China Railway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/China_Railways.svg/14px-China_Railways.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/China_Railways.svg/21px-China_Railways.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/China_Railways.svg/28px-China_Railways.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" 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Tommy Everidge
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class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Washington Nationals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington_Nationals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> 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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tommy Everidge</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American baseball player and coach</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Baseball player</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) 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.ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}</style><table class="infobox ib-baseball-bio vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #AB0003 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><span class="note">Tommy Everidge</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr style="background-color: #11225B !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><span class="note" style="font-weight:bold">Washington Nationals </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/First_baseman" title="First baseman">First baseman</a> / <a href="/wiki/Coach_(baseball)" title="Coach (baseball)">Coach</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Born:</b> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1983-04-20</span>) </span>April 20, 1983<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;41)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Santa_Rosa,_California" title="Santa Rosa, California">Santa Rosa, California</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows"><div><b>Batted:</b> Right</div><div><b>Threw:</b> Right</div></div></td></tr><tr style="background-color: #AB0003 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">MLB debut</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">July 28,&#160;2009,&#160;for the&#160;Oakland Athletics</td></tr><tr style="background-color: #AB0003 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Last appearance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">August 26,&#160;2009,&#160;for the&#160;Oakland Athletics</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="background-color: #11225B !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">MLB statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">Batting average</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">.224</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home runs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Run_batted_in" title="Run batted in">Runs batted in</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">7</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;"><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/e/everito01.shtml">Stats</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Reference" title="Baseball Reference">Baseball Reference</a></b>&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7819397#P1825" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="background-color: #AB0003 !important; color: #FFFFFF !important;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Teams</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-teams"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2009 Major League Baseball season">2009</a>)</li></ul> <p><b>As Coach</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> (<a href="/wiki/2022_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2022 Major League Baseball season">2022</a>-<a href="/wiki/2023_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2023 Major League Baseball season">2023</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a> (<a href="/wiki/2024_Major_League_Baseball_season" title="2024 Major League Baseball season">2024</a>-present)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Thomas James Everidge</b> (born April 20, 1983) is an American former professional <a href="/wiki/First_baseman" title="First baseman">first baseman</a> who is currently the minor league <a href="/wiki/Hitting_coach" class="mw-redirect" title="Hitting coach">hitting coach</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Amateur_career">Amateur career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Amateur career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Everidge attended <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_Valley_High_School" title="Sonoma Valley High School">Sonoma Valley High School</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sonoma,_California" title="Sonoma, California">Sonoma, California</a>. He attended <a href="/wiki/Sonoma_State_University" title="Sonoma State University">Sonoma State University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Freshman" title="Freshman">freshman</a> year, Everidge <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">batted</a> .340 with 55 <a href="/wiki/Hit_(baseball)" title="Hit (baseball)">hits</a>, seven <a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">doubles</a>, two <a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">triples</a>, five <a href="/wiki/Home_runs" class="mw-redirect" title="Home runs">home runs</a>, and 40 <a href="/wiki/RBIs" class="mw-redirect" title="RBIs">RBIs</a> in 56 games, 47 starts.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Everidge batted .353 his <a href="/wiki/Sophomore_year" class="mw-redirect" title="Sophomore year">sophomore</a> season, with 22 doubles, one triple, eight home runs, and 44 RBIs in 57 games, all starts.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> His <a href="/wiki/Junior_(education_year)" title="Junior (education year)">junior</a> and final season, Everidge batted .357 with 14 doubles, three triples, 19 home runs and 69 RBIs in 65 games, 64 starts.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Everidge was selected by the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a> in the 10th round (307th overall) of the <a href="/wiki/2004_Major_League_Baseball_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2004 Major League Baseball Draft">2004 Major League Baseball Draft</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-draft_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He joined Brandon Burgess, <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Barone_(baseball)" title="Daniel Barone (baseball)">Daniel Barone</a>, and Darren Sack as the other Sonoma State University alumni in the 2004 draft.<sup id="cite_ref-draft_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-draft-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_career">Professional career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Professional career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Oakland_Athletics">Oakland Athletics</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Oakland Athletics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2004–2008_seasons"><span id="2004.E2.80.932008_seasons"></span>2004–2008 seasons</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: 2004–2008 seasons"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Everidge began his professional career in <a href="/wiki/2004_in_baseball" title="2004 in baseball">2004</a> he was assigned to the Short-Season <a href="/wiki/Vancouver_Canadians" title="Vancouver Canadians">Vancouver Canadians</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_League" title="Northwest League">Northwest League</a>. He was selected to the Northwest League All-Star Team that seasons as a member of the Western Division team.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He <a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">hit</a> .275 with 13 <a href="/wiki/Double_(baseball)" title="Double (baseball)">doubles</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Triple_(baseball)" title="Triple (baseball)">triple</a>, six <a href="/wiki/Home_runs" class="mw-redirect" title="Home runs">home runs</a> and 52 <a href="/wiki/RBIs" class="mw-redirect" title="RBIs">RBIs</a> in 74 games. With the Class-A <a href="/wiki/Kane_County_Cougars" title="Kane County Cougars">Kane County Cougars</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Midwest_League" title="Midwest League">Midwest League</a> in <a href="/wiki/2005_in_baseball" title="2005 in baseball">2005</a> Everidge hit .279 with 26 doubles, three triples, 14 home runs, 66 RBIs and one <a href="/wiki/Stolen_base" title="Stolen base">stolen base</a> in 114 games. At the end of the season he was named the Kane County Cougars <a href="/wiki/Most_Valuable_Player" class="mw-redirect" title="Most Valuable Player">Most Valuable Player</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/2006_in_baseball" title="2006 in baseball">2006</a> and <a href="/wiki/2007_in_baseball" title="2007 in baseball">2007</a>, Everidge played for the Class-A Advanced <a href="/wiki/Stockton_Ports" title="Stockton Ports">Stockton Ports</a>. Towards the end of 2007, he was promoted to the Double-A <a href="/wiki/Midland_RockHounds" title="Midland RockHounds">Midland RockHounds</a>, but during the Triple-A playoffs, he was called up to play for the Triple-A <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_River_Cats" title="Sacramento River Cats">Sacramento River Cats</a>. In 2008, he was sent back down to Midland, but promoted late in the season to play in Sacramento. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="2009_season">2009 season</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: 2009 season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Everidge was called up by the Athletics on July 28, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After a hot start by Everidge, the A's <a href="/wiki/Manager_(baseball)" title="Manager (baseball)">manager</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Geren" title="Bob Geren">Bob Geren</a> said that Everidge would be a starting player.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Everidge hit his first career home run on August 9, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After his good start, Everidge started to see his stats decline.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> After first baseman <a href="/wiki/Daric_Barton" title="Daric Barton">Daric Barton</a> was activated from the disabled list, Everidge lost much of his playing time to Barton.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> With Double-A Midland in 2009 he hit .306 with 18 doubles, eight home runs and 53 RBIs in 55 games and with Triple-A Sacramento he hit .368 with 15 doubles, one triple, 12 home runs and 41 RBIs in 52 games. With the Major League club he hit .224 with six doubles, two home runs and seven RBIs in 24 games. On January 8, 2010, Everidge was designated for assignment by the <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Athletics" title="Oakland Athletics">Oakland Athletics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seattle_Mariners">Seattle Mariners</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Seattle Mariners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Everidge was claimed off waivers by the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> on January 15, 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On January 29, 2010, Everidge was <a href="/wiki/Designated_for_assignment" title="Designated for assignment">designated for assignment</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Mariners" title="Seattle Mariners">Seattle Mariners</a> to make room on the roster for <a href="/wiki/Eric_Byrnes" title="Eric Byrnes">Eric Byrnes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On February 3, Everidge was outrighted to the Triple-A <a href="/wiki/Tacoma_Rainiers" title="Tacoma Rainiers">Tacoma Rainiers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Houston_Astros">Houston Astros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Houston Astros"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 22, 2010, he was traded to the <a href="/wiki/Houston_Astros" title="Houston Astros">Houston Astros</a> for future considerations. He reported to Triple-A <a href="/wiki/Round_Rock_Express" title="Round Rock Express">Round Rock</a>. He was released on July 29 to make room for <a href="/wiki/Brett_Wallace" title="Brett Wallace">Brett Wallace</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Second_stint_with_Oakland">Second stint with Oakland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Second stint with Oakland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On August 31, Everidge signed a minor-league contract with Oakland and was assigned to Triple-A <a href="/wiki/Sacramento_River_Cats" title="Sacramento River Cats">Sacramento</a>. </p><p>He became a minor league free agent after the 2010 season &amp; signed for the 2011 season with the Lancaster Barnstormers of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, which is an independent league. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lancaster_Barnstormers_and_Atlantic_League">Lancaster Barnstormers and Atlantic League</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Lancaster Barnstormers and Atlantic League"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October 10, 2011, Tommy Everidge was named Atlantic League Player of the Year. He started all 125 games for the Barnstormers and finished the season with league-leading marks of 41 doubles and 28 home runs. He also topped the Atlantic League with 160 hits, 285 total bases and was second in runs scored and RBI, losing out of a share in the latter with Bridgeport getting a play-in game. His .319 average was sixth best in the league. </p><p>Has retired from playing professional baseball and has been named hitting coach of the <a href="/wiki/Vermont_Lake_Monsters" title="Vermont Lake Monsters">Vermont Lake Monsters</a> of the Oakland A's organization. For 2018, he was assigned to the <a href="/wiki/Midland_RockHounds" title="Midland RockHounds">Midland RockHounds</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On January 14, 2022, Everidge was named Oakland's top hitting instructor for the 2022 season.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Washington_Nationals">Washington Nationals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Washington Nationals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On February 9, 2024, Everidge was announced to serve as the minor league hitting coordinator for the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Nationals" title="Washington Nationals">Washington Nationals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sonomaseawolves.com/sports/2006/8/24/pros.aspx?path=baseball">"Seawolves in the Pros"</a>. Sonoma State University Athletics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Seawolves+in+the+Pros&amp;rft.pub=Sonoma+State+University+Athletics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsonomaseawolves.com%2Fsports%2F2006%2F8%2F24%2Fpros.aspx%3Fpath%3Dbaseball&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sonomaseawolves.com/custompages/baseball/2002.htm">"Statistics Summary for 2002"</a>. Sonoma State University Athletics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statistics+Summary+for+2002&amp;rft.pub=Sonoma+State+University+Athletics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsonomaseawolves.com%2Fcustompages%2Fbaseball%2F2002.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sonomaseawolves.com/custompages/baseball/2003.htm">"Statistics Summary for 2003"</a>. Sonoma State University Athletics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statistics+Summary+for+2003&amp;rft.pub=Sonoma+State+University+Athletics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsonomaseawolves.com%2Fcustompages%2Fbaseball%2F2003.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sonomaseawolves.com/custompages/baseball/2004.htm">"Statistics Summary for 2004"</a>. Sonoma State University Athletics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Statistics+Summary+for+2004&amp;rft.pub=Sonoma+State+University+Athletics&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsonomaseawolves.com%2Fcustompages%2Fbaseball%2F2004.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-draft-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-draft_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-draft_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt_Schwab2004" class="citation news cs1">Matt Schwab (June 25, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2004/06/25/NBGMS7A4ND1.DTL">"Sonoma State treasure trove of talent for big league baseball draft"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=Sonoma+State+treasure+trove+of+talent+for+big+league+baseball+draft&amp;rft.date=2004-06-25&amp;rft.au=Matt+Schwab&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2004%2F06%2F25%2FNBGMS7A4ND1.DTL&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=SA&amp;p_theme=sa&amp;p_action=search&amp;p_maxdocs=200&amp;p_topdoc=1&amp;p_text_direct-0=10426D7266329F34&amp;p_field_direct-0=document_id&amp;p_perpage=10&amp;p_sort=YMD_date:D&amp;s_trackval=GooglePM">"Everidge selected to minor league all-star team"</a>. <i>The Press Democrat</i>. July 28, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Press+Democrat&amp;rft.atitle=Everidge+selected+to+minor+league+all-star+team&amp;rft.date=2004-07-28&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnl.newsbank.com%2Fnl-search%2Fwe%2FArchives%3Fp_product%3DSA%26p_theme%3Dsa%26p_action%3Dsearch%26p_maxdocs%3D200%26p_topdoc%3D1%26p_text_direct-0%3D10426D7266329F34%26p_field_direct-0%3Ddocument_id%26p_perpage%3D10%26p_sort%3DYMD_date%3AD%26s_trackval%3DGooglePM&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oursportscentral.com/services/releases/?id=3266467">"Cougars 15th Annual Winter Banquet Raises $20,000"</a>. <i>OurSports Central</i>. February 4, 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=OurSports+Central&amp;rft.atitle=Cougars+15th+Annual+Winter+Banquet+Raises+%2420%2C000&amp;rft.date=2006-02-04&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oursportscentral.com%2Fservices%2Freleases%2F%3Fid%3D3266467&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlusser2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Slusser" title="Susan Slusser">Slusser, Susan</a> (July 29, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/07/29/SP8M190FO3.DTL">"A's win in extra innings in Everidge debut"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Chronicle" title="San Francisco Chronicle">San Francisco Chronicle</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=A%27s+win+in+extra+innings+in+Everidge+debut&amp;rft.date=2009-07-29&amp;rft.aulast=Slusser&amp;rft.aufirst=Susan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2009%2F07%2F29%2FSP8M190FO3.DTL&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAdam_Loberstein2009" class="citation web cs1">Adam Loberstein (August 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617053815/http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090803&amp;content_id=6227818&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">"A's Everidge has Geren's attention"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090803&amp;content_id=6227818&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">the original</a> on June 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A%27s+Everidge+has+Geren%27s+attention&amp;rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&amp;rft.date=2009-08-03&amp;rft.au=Adam+Loberstein&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattle.mariners.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20090803%26content_id%3D6227818%26vkey%3Dnews_sea%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dsea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRustin_Dodd2009" class="citation web cs1">Rustin Dodd (August 9, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617053855/http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090809&amp;content_id=6331774&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">"Everidge adds first homer to fast start"</a>. Major League Baseball. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090809&amp;content_id=6331774&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">the original</a> on June 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Everidge+adds+first+homer+to+fast+start&amp;rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&amp;rft.date=2009-08-09&amp;rft.au=Rustin+Dodd&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattle.mariners.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20090809%26content_id%3D6331774%26vkey%3Dnews_sea%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dsea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMychael_Urban2009" class="citation web cs1">Mychael Urban (August 18, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617054530/http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090817&amp;content_id=6476710&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">"Everidge eyes improved swing"</a>. Major League Baseball. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20090817&amp;content_id=6476710&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">the original</a> on June 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Everidge+eyes+improved+swing&amp;rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&amp;rft.date=2009-08-18&amp;rft.au=Mychael+Urban&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattle.mariners.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20090817%26content_id%3D6476710%26vkey%3Dnews_sea%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dsea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlusser2009" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Susan_Slusser" title="Susan Slusser">Slusser, Susan</a> (August 28, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/08/25/SPFJ19D5JG.DTL">"Everidge now a pine- time player"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=Everidge+now+a+pine-+time+player&amp;rft.date=2009-08-28&amp;rft.aulast=Slusser&amp;rft.aufirst=Susan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2009%2F08%2F25%2FSPFJ19D5JG.DTL&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinston2010" class="citation news cs1">Winston, Lisa (January 8, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mlb.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100108&amp;content_id=7892380&amp;vkey=news_mlb&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=mlb&amp;partnerId=rss_mlb">"A's designate Everidge for assignment"</a>. <i>mlb.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=mlb.com&amp;rft.atitle=A%27s+designate+Everidge+for+assignment&amp;rft.date=2010-01-08&amp;rft.aulast=Winston&amp;rft.aufirst=Lisa&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmlb.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20100108%26content_id%3D7892380%26vkey%3Dnews_mlb%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dmlb%26partnerId%3Drss_mlb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2010/baseball/mlb/wires/01/15/2010.ap.bba.mariners.everidge.0123/">"Mariners claim 1B Everidge off waivers"</a>. <i>Sports Illustrated</i>. <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a>. January 15, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 15,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Sports+Illustrated&amp;rft.atitle=Mariners+claim+1B+Everidge+off+waivers&amp;rft.date=2010-01-15&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsportsillustrated.cnn.com%2F2010%2Fbaseball%2Fmlb%2Fwires%2F01%2F15%2F2010.ap.bba.mariners.everidge.0123%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup> </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJim_Street2010" class="citation web cs1">Jim Street (January 29, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100202161137/http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100129&amp;content_id=7997672&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">"Byrnes, Mariners agree to one-year deal"</a>. Major League Baseball. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100129&amp;content_id=7997672&amp;vkey=news_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">the original</a> on February 2, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Byrnes%2C+Mariners+agree+to+one-year+deal&amp;rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&amp;rft.date=2010-01-29&amp;rft.au=Jim+Street&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattle.mariners.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20100129%26content_id%3D7997672%26vkey%3Dnews_sea%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dsea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110617054706/http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20100203&amp;content_id=8017002&amp;vkey=pr_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">"Mariners agree to terms with Kotchman; outright Everidge to Tacoma"</a>. Major League Baseball. February 3, 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattle.mariners.mlb.com/news/press_releases/press_release.jsp?ymd=20100203&amp;content_id=8017002&amp;vkey=pr_sea&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;c_id=sea">the original</a> on June 17, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mariners+agree+to+terms+with+Kotchman%3B+outright+Everidge+to+Tacoma&amp;rft.pub=Major+League+Baseball&amp;rft.date=2010-02-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattle.mariners.mlb.com%2Fnews%2Fpress_releases%2Fpress_release.jsp%3Fymd%3D20100203%26content_id%3D8017002%26vkey%3Dpr_sea%26fext%3D.jsp%26c_id%3Dsea&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.minorleaguebaseball.com/news/article.jsp?ymd=20100729&amp;content_id=12789164&amp;vkey=news_t102&amp;fext=.jsp&amp;sid=t102">"The Official Site of Minor League Baseball"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Official+Site+of+Minor+League+Baseball&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.minorleaguebaseball.com%2Fnews%2Farticle.jsp%3Fymd%3D20100729%26content_id%3D12789164%26vkey%3Dnews_t102%26fext%3D.jsp%26sid%3Dt102&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockard2017" class="citation web cs1">Lockard, Melissa (December 5, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oaklandclubhouse.com/changes-abound-oakland-athletics-2018-milb-coaching-staffs/">"Changes abound for Oakland Athletics 2018 MiLB coaching staffs"</a>. <i>Oakland Clubhouse</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 5,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Oakland+Clubhouse&amp;rft.atitle=Changes+abound+for+Oakland+Athletics+2018+MiLB+coaching+staffs&amp;rft.date=2017-12-05&amp;rft.aulast=Lockard&amp;rft.aufirst=Melissa&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foaklandclubhouse.com%2Fchanges-abound-oakland-athletics-2018-milb-coaching-staffs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShea2022" class="citation news cs1">Shea, By John (January 14, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sfchronicle.com/sports/athletics/article/A-s-name-Brad-Ausmus-bench-coach-add-2-hitting-16776403.php">"A's name Brad Ausmus bench coach, add 2 hitting coaches to solve scoring woes"</a>. <i>San Francisco Chronicle</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=San+Francisco+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=A%27s+name+Brad+Ausmus+bench+coach%2C+add+2+hitting+coaches+to+solve+scoring+woes&amp;rft.date=2022-01-14&amp;rft.aulast=Shea&amp;rft.aufirst=By+John&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfchronicle.com%2Fsports%2Fathletics%2Farticle%2FA-s-name-Brad-Ausmus-bench-coach-add-2-hitting-16776403.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/press-release/press-release-washington-nationals-announce-player-development-staff">"Washington Nationals announce player development staff"</a>. <i>MLB.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=MLB.com&amp;rft.atitle=Washington+Nationals+announce+player+development+staff&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlb.com%2Fpress-release%2Fpress-release-washington-nationals-announce-player-development-staff&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATommy+Everidge" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tommy_Everidge&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Career statistics from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlb.com/player/452784">MLB</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espn.com/mlb/player/stats/_/id/30368">ESPN</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/e/everito01.shtml">Baseball Reference</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fangraphs.com/statss.aspx?playerid=7596">Fangraphs</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=everid001tho">Baseball Reference (Minors)</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐86bb5c9646‐pc8lm Cached time: 20250103024657 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.456 seconds Real time usage: 0.571 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2978/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 61788/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4713/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 75728/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.280/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7298030/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 534.101 1 -total 52.80% 281.991 3 Template:Infobox 43.16% 230.531 1 Template:Reflist 33.97% 181.458 1 Template:Infobox_baseball_biography 25.33% 135.300 13 Template:Cite_web 17.52% 93.593 2 Template:Short_description 9.70% 51.795 4 Template:Pagetype 7.20% 38.439 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.20% 38.439 7 Template:Cite_news 6.40% 34.209 12 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255202:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250103024657 and revision id 1266982275. 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Dave Philistin
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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player (born 1986)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American football player</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width: 25em; line-height: 1.2em;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="line-height: initial;">Dave Philistin</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">No. 34</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Position:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Linebacker" title="Linebacker">Linebacker</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Born:</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1986-09-24</span>) </span>September 24, 1986<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;38)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>, U.S.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Height:</th><td class="infobox-data">6&#160;ft 1&#160;in (1.85&#160;m)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Weight:</th><td class="infobox-data">235&#160;lb (107&#160;kg)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">Career information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">High school:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Central_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Central High School">Manchester (NH) Central</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">College:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_football" title="Maryland Terrapins football">Maryland</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align: right; width: 40%;">Undrafted:</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/2009_NFL_draft#Notable_undrafted_players" title="2009 NFL draft">2009</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="line-height: 1.5em; background: #DCDCDC; border: 2px solid #DCDCDC;">Career history <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a> (<a href="/wiki/2009_NFL_season" title="2009 NFL season">2009</a>)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiel_Baltic_Hurricanes" title="Kiel Baltic Hurricanes">Kiel Baltic Hurricanes</a> (2010)</li></ul> </td></tr><tr style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;"><span style="padding-left:1.5em;">&#160;</span>* Offseason and/or practice squad member only</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Dave Philistin</b> (born September 24, 1986) is an American former <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">football</a> <a href="/wiki/Linebacker" title="Linebacker">linebacker</a> and CEO and founder of Candor, a cloud-based managed IT services company. He played for the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Terrapins_football" title="Maryland Terrapins football">Maryland Terrapins</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a>. Philistin is a 2011 UFL Draft choice of the <a href="/wiki/Las_Vegas_Locomotives" title="Las Vegas Locomotives">Las Vegas Locomotives</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Philistin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philistin was born in <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_New_Hampshire" title="Manchester, New Hampshire">Manchester, New Hampshire</a>, to mother Liz Murphy. His brother, Jacques, played football as a <a href="/wiki/Nose_tackle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nose tackle">nose tackle</a> at <a href="/wiki/Norfolk_State_University" title="Norfolk State University">Norfolk State University</a> where he earned All-American honors. Dave attended <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Central_High_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Central High School">Manchester Central High School</a> where he played football for four years. As a sophomore, he played as a <a href="/wiki/Defensive_end" title="Defensive end">defensive end</a>, before moving to <a href="/wiki/Inside_linebacker" class="mw-redirect" title="Inside linebacker">inside linebacker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Halfback_(American_football)" title="Halfback (American football)">tailback</a> for his final two years. He also letter twice in <a href="/wiki/Track_and_field" title="Track and field">track and field</a>, with his events being <a href="/wiki/Sprint_(running)" title="Sprint (running)">sprints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Shot_put" title="Shot put">shot put</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a senior, he recorded 108 <a href="/wiki/Tackle_(football_move)" title="Tackle (football move)">tackles</a>, one <a href="/wiki/Interception" title="Interception">interception</a> returned for a touchdown, 4.5 <a href="/wiki/Quarterback_sack" title="Quarterback sack">quarterback sacks</a>, one blocked punt that he also returned for a touchdown, and one fumble recovery. That year as a tailback, he <a href="/wiki/Rush_(American_football)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rush (American football)">rushed</a> for 1,002 yards and 13 touchdowns. During his senior season, the team went 13–0 and won the state championship.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In high school, Philistin was named an all-state player three times. His senior year, ESPN named him the number-five outside linebacker in the nation. He was named a PrepStar All-American, SuperPrep All-New England selection, and 2004 New Hampshire player of the year. Philistin was recruited by Maryland, <a href="/wiki/Boston_College_Eagles_football" title="Boston College Eagles football">Boston College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michigan_Wolverines_football" title="Michigan Wolverines football">Michigan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ohio_State_Buckeyes_football" title="Ohio State Buckeyes football">Ohio State</a>, and <a href="/wiki/West_Virginia_Mountaineers_football" title="West Virginia Mountaineers football">West Virginia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Philistin said one of the reasons he chose Maryland was because "The coaches were a great fit here. I wanted to go to a school that wasn't too far, but where I felt like I was on my own."<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="College_career">College career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Philistin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: College career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At Maryland, Philistin majored in <a href="/wiki/American_studies" title="American studies">American studies</a>. In <a href="/wiki/2005_Maryland_Terrapins_football_team" title="2005 Maryland Terrapins football team">2005</a>, Phlistin saw action in 10 of 11 games as a true freshman reserve linebacker, and recorded seven tackles, five of which were solo, half of a tackle for loss, and one quarterback hurry. In <a href="/wiki/2006_Maryland_Terrapins_football_team" title="2006 Maryland Terrapins football team">2006</a>, he played in all 13 games again as a reserve and also in a <a href="/wiki/Special_teams" class="mw-redirect" title="Special teams">special teams</a> role. Philistin <a href="/wiki/Starting_lineup" title="Starting lineup">started</a> twice at the <a href="/wiki/Linebacker#Strongside_linebacker" title="Linebacker">"Sam" linebacker</a> position. He recorded 15 solo tackles and 5.5 tackles for loss.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/2007_Maryland_Terrapins_football_team" title="2007 Maryland Terrapins football team">2007</a> was Philistin's breakout season, and he started in all 13 games at the <a href="/wiki/Linebacker#Middle_linebacker" title="Linebacker">"Mike" linebacker</a> position. He recorded 124 total tackles, four broken-up passes, and one forced fumble and recovery. Philistin finished second on the team in total tackles, behind <a href="/wiki/Erin_Henderson" title="Erin Henderson">Erin Henderson</a>, fourth in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Coast_Conference" title="Atlantic Coast Conference">Atlantic Coast Conference</a> (ACC), and 38th in the nation. He was named an All-ACC nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/2008_Maryland_Terrapins_football_team" title="2008 Maryland Terrapins football team">2008</a>, he was moved to the <a href="/wiki/Linebackers#Weakside_linebacker" class="mw-redirect" title="Linebackers">"Will" linebacker</a> position. He played in all 13 games and started in 12, despite suffering a shoulder injury.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He again ranked second on the team in total tackles with 94, behind <a href="/wiki/Alex_Wujciak" title="Alex Wujciak">Alex Wujciak</a>. In the upset win against 23rd-ranked <a href="/wiki/2008_California_Golden_Bears_football_team" title="2008 California Golden Bears football team">California</a>, Philistin led the team with 13 tackles, including one for loss. ESPN named Philistin, alongside <a href="/wiki/Moise_Fokou" title="Moise Fokou">Moise Fokou</a>, as one of the key impact players in that game.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before the season, he was placed on the <a href="/wiki/Bronko_Nagurski_Trophy" title="Bronko Nagurski Trophy">Bronko Nagurski Trophy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lombardi_Award" title="Lombardi Award">Lombardi Award</a> watchlists. Philistin was named a consensus preseason first-team All-ACC, first-team <i><a href="/wiki/Sporting_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Sporting News">Sporting News</a></i>, Blue Ribbon, and Lindy's and second-team Athlon player. Lindy's also ranked him as the 11th inside linebacker in that nation. He was also an All-ACC nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_career">Professional career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Philistin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Professional career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seattle_Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Philistin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Seattle Seahawks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Philistin was signed as an undrafted free agent by the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Seahawks" title="Seattle Seahawks">Seattle Seahawks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The NFL Draft Scout had ranked Philistin 20th among 149 inside linebacker prospects for the <a href="/wiki/2009_NFL_Draft" class="mw-redirect" title="2009 NFL Draft">2009 draft</a>. It said that, despite being undersized for the <a href="/wiki/National_Football_League" title="National Football League">NFL</a>, he is an excellent tackler, especially against rushers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>Sporting News</i> projected Philistin as a sixth-round selection, noting that his key strengths were intelligence, persistence, and an ability to quickly read the run. It noted that his size might predispose him towards being a career reserve, although he was considered "a solid late-round pick for a team in a <a href="/wiki/3%E2%80%934_defense" title="3–4 defense">3–4 scheme</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Philistin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umterps.com/ViewArticle.dbml?DB_OEM_ID=29700&amp;ATCLID=207383664">"Player Bio: Dave Philistin&#93;, University of Maryland"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Player+Bio%3A+Dave+Philistin%5D%2C+University+of+Maryland&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umterps.com%2FViewArticle.dbml%3FDB_OEM_ID%3D29700%26ATCLID%3D207383664&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADave+Philistin" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umterps.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/091908aae.html">Q&amp;A With Dave Philistin</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110725032107/http://www.umterps.com/sports/m-footbl/spec-rel/091908aae.html">Archived</a> 2011-07-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Maryland, September 19, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.washingtontimes.com/weblogs/d1scourse/2008/Oct/26/no-real-scott-philistin-update/">No real Scott, Philistin update</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121013181646/http://www.washingtontimes.com/weblogs/d1scourse/2008/Oct/26/no-real-scott-philistin-update/">Archived</a> 2012-10-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i>, October 26, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://insider.espn.com/college-football/insider/columns/story?columnist=kiper_jr_mel&amp;id=3588956&amp;action=upsell&amp;appRedirect=http%253a%252f%252finsider.espn.go.com%252fncf%252finsider%252fcolumns%252fstory%253fcolumnist%253dkiper_jr_mel%2526id%253d3588956">Terps' defense leads in upset</a>, ESPN, September 15, 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.seattletimes.nwsource.com/seahawks/2009/04/26/seattle_seahawk.html">Seattle Seahawks sign undrafted free agents</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430105846/http://blog.seattletimes.nwsource.com/seahawks/2009/04/26/seattle_seahawk.html">Archived</a> 2009-04-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a></i>, April 26, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfldraftscout.com/ratings/dsprofile.php?pyid=56753&amp;draftyear=2009&amp;genpos=ILB">Dave Philistin, Maryland, ILB</a>, NFL Draft Scout, retrieved April 2, 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sporting_News" title="The Sporting News">The Sporting News</a></i> magazine, Draft Guide, March 2009.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dave_Philistin&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090505130526/http://blogs.diamondbackonline.com/sports/2009/04/27/dave-philistin-meets-the-space-needle/">Dave Philistin meets the Space Needle</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Diamondback" title="The Diamondback">The Diamondback</a></i>, April 27, 2009.</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐69c974fc68‐9f8jh Cached time: 20241228180301 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.264 seconds Real time usage: 0.365 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2081/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 20217/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2786/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 12747/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.146/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 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Grand Etang Lake
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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Grand Etang Lake</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Etang_(lanaw_sa_Grenada)" title="Grand Etang (lanaw sa Grenada) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Grand Etang (lanaw sa Grenada)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Etang_Lake" title="Grand Etang Lake – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grand Etang Lake" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%95%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%B3%CE%BA" title="Γκραντ Ετάνγκ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γκραντ Ετάνγκ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lago_Grand_Etang" title="Lago Grand Etang – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lago Grand Etang" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%DA%86%D9%87_%DA%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF" title="دریاچه گراند اتانگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دریاچه گراند اتانگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AC" title="بحيره جراند اتانج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بحيره جراند اتانج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4-%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Гранд-Этан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гранд-Этан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Etang_(sj%C3%B6_i_Grenada)" title="Grand Etang (sjö i Grenada) – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Grand Etang (sjö i Grenada)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5594534#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #cedeff; font-size: 125%;">Grand Etang Lake</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:GREN-grand-etang-see.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/GREN-grand-etang-see.jpg/264px-GREN-grand-etang-see.jpg" decoding="async" width="264" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/GREN-grand-etang-see.jpg/396px-GREN-grand-etang-see.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/GREN-grand-etang-see.jpg/528px-GREN-grand-etang-see.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1215" data-file-height="807" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="line-height: 1.2; border-bottom: 1px solid #cedeff;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:256px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:256px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:256px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenada_relief_location_map.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Etang Lake is located in Grenada"><img alt="Grand Etang Lake is located in Grenada" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grenada_relief_location_map.jpg/256px-Grenada_relief_location_map.jpg" decoding="async" width="256" height="242" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grenada_relief_location_map.jpg/384px-Grenada_relief_location_map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Grenada_relief_location_map.jpg/512px-Grenada_relief_location_map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1435" data-file-height="1356" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:75.51%;left:31.368%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Grand Etang Lake"><img alt="Grand Etang Lake" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Grand Etang Lake</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data region"><a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew_Parish,_Grenada" title="Saint Andrew Parish, Grenada">Saint Andrew Parish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span title="Geographical coordinates">Coordinates</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Grand_Etang_Lake&amp;params=12_5_49_N_61_41_46_W_region:GD_type:waterbody_source:GNS-enwiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">12°5′49″N</span> <span class="longitude">61°41′46″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">12.09694°N 61.69611°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">12.09694; -61.69611</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Body_of_water#Waterbody_types" title="Body of water">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">Volcanic crater lake</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface area</th><td class="infobox-data">36 acres (15&#160;ha)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Max. depth</th><td class="infobox-data">20&#160;ft (6.1&#160;m)</td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Surface elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">530&#160;m (1,740&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-bottom: #cedeff 1px solid"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">References</th><td class="infobox-data note"><sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Grand Etang Lake</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_crater_lake" title="Volcanic crater lake">crater lake</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcano</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> of <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a>. The volcano, which is responsible for the formation of the island of Grenada, has been dormant for the last 12,000 years. The lake is represented on the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Grenada" title="Coat of arms of Grenada">coat of arms of Grenada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Etang_Lake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Grand Etang Lake lies in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Andrew_Parish,_Grenada" title="Saint Andrew Parish, Grenada">Saint Andrew Parish</a>. It is 530&#160;m (1,740&#160;ft) above sea level and it is one of the two crater lakes on the island (the other being Lake Antoine).<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The lake is approximately 20&#160;ft (6.1&#160;m) deep and 36 acres (15&#160;ha) in area.<sup id="cite_ref-britannica_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-fodors_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-fodors-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-seacology_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-seacology-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A local fable says that the depths of the lake are home to a mermaid that lures men to a watery grave.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Important_Bird_Area">Important Bird Area</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Etang_Lake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Important Bird Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The surrounding area being a forest reserve and national park, which encompasses the lake and surrounding mountains, has been designated an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because it supports significant populations of <a href="/wiki/Green-throated_carib" title="Green-throated carib">green-throated caribs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antillean_crested_hummingbird" title="Antillean crested hummingbird">Antillean crested hummingbirds</a>, <a href="/wiki/Caribbean_elaenia" title="Caribbean elaenia">Caribbean elaenias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grenada_flycatcher" title="Grenada flycatcher">Grenada flycatchers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_tanager" title="Lesser Antillean tanager">lesser Antillean tanagers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lesser_Antillean_bullfinch" title="Lesser Antillean bullfinch">lesser Antillean bullfinches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bli_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bli-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:708px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Grand Etang Lake"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg/700px-Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg" decoding="async" width="700" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg/1050px-Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg/1400px-Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="538" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Panorama_Grand_Etang_Kratersee.jpg" title="File:Panorama Grand Etang Kratersee.jpg"> </a></div>Grand Etang Lake</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Etang_Lake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britannica_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Grand-Etang">"Grand Etang"</a>. Encyclopaedia Britannica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Grand+Etang&amp;rft.pub=Encyclopaedia+Britannica&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FGrand-Etang&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Etang+Lake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-fodors-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-fodors_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fodors.com/world/caribbean/grenada/things-to-do/sights/reviews/grand-etang-national-park-forest-reserve-450258">"Grand Étang National Park &amp; Forest Reserve Review - Grenada Caribbean - Sights &#124; Fodor's Travel"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Grand+%C3%89tang+National+Park+%26+Forest+Reserve+Review+-+Grenada+Caribbean+-+Sights+%26%23124%3B+Fodor%27s+Travel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fodors.com%2Fworld%2Fcaribbean%2Fgrenada%2Fthings-to-do%2Fsights%2Freviews%2Fgrand-etang-national-park-forest-reserve-450258&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Etang+Lake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-seacology-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-seacology_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.seacology.org/project/327-grenada/">"Grand Etang Forest Reserve"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Grand+Etang+Forest+Reserve&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.seacology.org%2Fproject%2F327-grenada%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Etang+Lake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210118105616/https://calabashhotel.com/about-us/blog/Mystery-of-Grenada">"Mystery of Grenada &#124; Calabash Hotel Grenada"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://calabashhotel.com/about-us/blog/Mystery-of-Grenada">the original</a> on 2021-01-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-06-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mystery+of+Grenada+%26%23124%3B+Calabash+Hotel+Grenada&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcalabashhotel.com%2Fabout-us%2Fblog%2FMystery-of-Grenada&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Etang+Lake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bli-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bli_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/grand-etang-iba-grenada">"Grand Etang"</a>. <i>BirdLife Data Zone</i>. BirdLife International. 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BirdLife+Data+Zone&amp;rft.atitle=Grand+Etang&amp;rft.date=2024&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdatazone.birdlife.org%2Fsite%2Ffactsheet%2Fgrand-etang-iba-grenada&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGrand+Etang+Lake" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Grand_Etang_Lake&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3162/2747233437_1e301f2143.jpg">http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3162/2747233437_1e301f2143.jpg</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Grenada.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/30px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/45px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Grenada.svg/60px-Flag_of_Grenada.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a> location article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Young Cardinals
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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weekly_charts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Weekly charts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weekly_charts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Year-end_charts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Year-end_charts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Year-end charts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Year-end_charts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Old Crows / Young Cardinals</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 5 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-5" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">5 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Crows/Young_Cardinals" title="Old Crows/Young Cardinals – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Old Crows/Young Cardinals" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals" title="Old Crows / Young Cardinals – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Old Crows / Young Cardinals" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Crows/Young_Cardinals" title="Old Crows/Young Cardinals – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Old Crows/Young Cardinals" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Crows/Young_Cardinals" title="Old Crows/Young Cardinals – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Old Crows/Young Cardinals" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals" title="Old Crows / Young Cardinals – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Old Crows / Young Cardinals" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2394382#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 125%;">Old Crows / Young Cardinals</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexisonfire_-_Old_Crows_-_Young_Cardinals_(2009).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/32/Alexisonfire_-_Old_Crows_-_Young_Cardinals_%282009%29.jpg/220px-Alexisonfire_-_Old_Crows_-_Young_Cardinals_%282009%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/32/Alexisonfire_-_Old_Crows_-_Young_Cardinals_%282009%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Studio album</a>&#32;by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Alexisonfire" title="Alexisonfire">Alexisonfire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published">June 23, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-release_date_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-release_date-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">February – March 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Studio</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armoury_Studios" title="Armoury Studios">Armoury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metalworks_Studios" title="Metalworks Studios">Metalworks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mississauga" title="Mississauga">Mississauga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a></li></ul> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">Post-hardcore</a></li><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melodic_hardcore" title="Melodic hardcore">melodic hardcore</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="duration"><span class="min">42</span>:<span class="s">06</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Dine_Alone_Records" title="Dine Alone Records">Dine Alone</a> (Canada &amp; Australia), <a href="/wiki/Vagrant_Records" title="Vagrant Records">Vagrant</a> (USA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Julius_Butty" title="Julius Butty">Julius Butty</a><sup id="cite_ref-Dine_Alone_update_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dine_Alone_update-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Alexisonfire" title="Alexisonfire">Alexisonfire</a> chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="color:inherit; background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;"> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0"><i><a href="/wiki/Crisis_(Alexisonfire_album)" title="Crisis (Alexisonfire album)">Crisis</a></i><br />(2006) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em"><i><b>Old Crows / Young Cardinals</b></i><br />(2009) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em"><i><a href="/wiki/Dog%27s_Blood" title="Dog&#39;s Blood">Dog's Blood</a></i><br />(2010) </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Singles</a> from <i> Old Crows / Young Cardinals </i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left"> <ol><li><span class="item"><span class="fn">"<a href="/wiki/Young_Cardinals" title="Young Cardinals">Young Cardinals</a>"</span><br />Released: May 17, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span></li> <li><span class="item"><span class="fn">"Born and Raised"</span><br />Released: October 14, 2009</span></li> <li><span class="item"><span class="fn">"The Northern"</span><br />Released: December 28, 2009</span></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Old Crows / Young Cardinals</b></i> is the fourth studio album from Canadian <a href="/wiki/Post-hardcore" title="Post-hardcore">post-hardcore</a> band <a href="/wiki/Alexisonfire" title="Alexisonfire">Alexisonfire</a>, released on June 23, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Rock_Sound_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rock_Sound-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The album was originally referred to by the shortened title of <i>Young Cardinals</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-Metal_Hammer_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metal_Hammer-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> until the name change was announced on April 1, 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Rock_Sound_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rock_Sound-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the release of <i>Crisis</i>, the members kept themselves busy with other projects: vocalist Dallas Green with his other band City and Colour; guitarist Wade McNeil with <a href="/wiki/Black_Lungs" title="Black Lungs">Black Lungs</a>; and vocalist George Pettit performing with <a href="/wiki/Fucked_Up" title="Fucked Up">Fucked Up</a> and Bergenfield Four.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In October and November 2008, the band toured Europe as part of The Eastpak Antidote Tour.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In December, it was revealed that the band would be recording their next album in 2009. McNeil said the record would be "fucking heavy."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Recording">Recording</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Recording"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an interview in January 2009, <a href="/wiki/Wade_MacNeil" title="Wade MacNeil">Wade MacNeil</a> and band manager Joel Carriere confirmed that they have 10 songs ready for <a href="/wiki/Sound_recording_and_reproduction" title="Sound recording and reproduction">recording</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Thrash_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thrash-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> one of which being "Emerald St." (given full title "Emerald Street" on the album).<sup id="cite_ref-ChartAttack_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChartAttack-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The band announced they would begin recording on February 1, 2009, documenting the process as it happened on their internet <a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">blog</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CA_blog_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_blog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> with MacNeil stating that "For the first time ever we have too many songs".<sup id="cite_ref-Alexis_2009_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexis_2009-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Recording took place in <a href="/wiki/Armoury_Studios" title="Armoury Studios">Armoury Studios</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vancouver" title="Vancouver">Vancouver</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia" title="British Columbia">British Columbia</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-CA_crows_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_crows-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> working with engineer Nick Blagona (who has previously worked with <a href="/wiki/April_Wine" title="April Wine">April Wine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cat_Stevens" title="Cat Stevens">Cat Stevens</a>, as well as the band's 2006 album, <i><a href="/wiki/Crisis_(Alexisonfire_album)" title="Crisis (Alexisonfire album)">Crisis</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Dine_Alone_update_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dine_Alone_update-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cardinals_finished_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardinals_finished-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One week later, <a href="/wiki/Dallas_Green_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Green (musician)">Dallas Green</a> announced that the band had already completed seven songs, including "Midnight Regulations",<sup id="cite_ref-CA_sting_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_sting-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and "probably 8 by the time we finish up".<sup id="cite_ref-CA_blog_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_blog-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By March 1, 2009, the band announced in their studio blog that they had "drums, bass and most of the guitars completed", and had "now moved on to <a href="/wiki/Lead_guitar" title="Lead guitar">leads</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overdubbing" title="Overdubbing">overdubs</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-CA_Recording_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_Recording-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Later the same week, MacNeil announced that work on the album in Vancouver had been completed, with the exception of Green's <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">vocal</a> parts.<sup id="cite_ref-ChartAttack_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ChartAttack-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Upon returning from Vancouver, further recording took place at Silo Studios in <a href="/wiki/Hamilton,_Ontario" title="Hamilton, Ontario">Hamilton, Ontario</a>, the same location used on the band's 2004 album <i><a href="/wiki/Watch_Out!_(Alexisonfire_album)" title="Watch Out! (Alexisonfire album)">Watch Out!</a></i> and some parts of <i><a href="/wiki/Crisis" title="Crisis">Crisis</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cardinals_finished_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cardinals_finished-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Here, the band co-produced with <a href="/wiki/Julius_Butty" title="Julius Butty">Julius Butty</a>, who had also worked on the band's previous two albums.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_crows_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_crows-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Audio_mastering" class="mw-redirect" title="Audio mastering">Mastering</a> of the album was completed on April 8, 2009,<sup id="cite_ref-Jordan_Hastings_Twitter_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jordan_Hastings_Twitter-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> by Brett Zilahi at João Carvalho Mastering.<sup id="cite_ref-Carvalho_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carvalho-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Release">Release</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Release"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On April 8, 2009, <i>Old Crows / Young Cardinals</i> was announced for release later in the year.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On April 22, 2009, "Young Cardinals" was made available for streaming.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On May 18, 2009, a music video was released for "Young Cardinals"; it had been filmed in <a href="/wiki/Niagara_Falls,_Ontario" title="Niagara Falls, Ontario">Niagara Falls, Ontario</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On June 2, 2009, "No Rest" was posted online.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During the same month, the band played a handful of European festivals, leading up to an appearance at the <a href="/wiki/Edgefest" title="Edgefest">Edgefest</a> in Canada.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Old Crows / Young Cardinals</i> was released on June 23.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_crows_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_crows-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The album was released on <a href="/wiki/Dine_Alone_Records" title="Dine Alone Records">Dine Alone Records</a>, an independent label founded by the band's manager Joel Carriere. It was mark the first time the band have not released through <a href="/wiki/Distort_Entertainment" title="Distort Entertainment">Distort Entertainment</a> in Canada. Dine Alone released the disc in Canada, Australia and South Africa, while the album will be released in the United States by <a href="/wiki/Vagrant_Records" title="Vagrant Records">Vagrant Records</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CA_crows_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CA_crows-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Between late June and late August, the band performed on the <a href="/wiki/Warped_Tour" title="Warped Tour">Warped Tour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> An EP was released, featuring "Two Sisters" and "Wayfarer Youth", on July 14, 2009 through Dine Alone Records.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Shortly after this, they appeared at the <a href="/wiki/Reading_and_Leeds_Festivals" title="Reading and Leeds Festivals">Reading and Leeds Festivals</a> in the UK.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> They co-headlined the Eastpak Antidote Tour, which trekked across Europe, with <a href="/wiki/Anti-Flag" title="Anti-Flag">Anti-Flag</a>; they were supported by <a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_of_a_Thousand" title="The Ghost of a Thousand">the Ghost of a Thousand</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Troy_(band)" title="The Fall of Troy (band)">the Fall of Troy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 29, 2010, a music video was released for "The Northern".<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In February and March 2010, the band performed at <a href="/wiki/Soundwave_(Australian_music_festival)" title="Soundwave (Australian music festival)">Soundwave festival</a> in Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On March 3, Dine Alone released <i>Old Crows/Young Cardinals</i> on coloured vinyl discs. After the initial run, a standard black pressing will replace it.<sup id="cite_ref-Alexisonfire_band_news_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alexisonfire_band_news-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The initial run contains the following French quote across all four sides of the album in the deadwax: <i>Et ses mains ourdiraient/Les entrailles du prêtre/Au défaut d'un cordon/Pour étrangler les rois</i>. It is a quote from philosopher <a href="/wiki/Denis_Diderot" title="Denis Diderot">Denis Diderot</a>'s poem <i>Les Éleuthéromanes</i>, translated to: <i>And his hands would plait the priest's entrails, for want of a rope, to strangle kings</i>. More succinctly, it has been taken to mean, "Man will never be free until the last king is strangled with the entrails of the last priest."<sup id="cite_ref-Deadwax_quote_1_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Deadwax_quote_1-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following this, the band went on a Canadian tour with <a href="/wiki/Billy_Talent" title="Billy Talent">Billy Talent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Against_Me!" title="Against Me!">Against Me!</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gallows_(band)" title="Gallows (band)">Gallows</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In April and May 2010, the band went on a cross-country US tour with support from <a href="/wiki/Trash_Talk_(band)" title="Trash Talk (band)">Trash Talk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Therefore_I_Am" title="Therefore I Am">Therefore I Am</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Dispute_(band)" title="La Dispute (band)">La Dispute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In June 2010, Alexisonfire performed at Petite-Nation Rockfest.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:24.2em;font-size:88%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0"><caption style="font-size:115%">Professional ratings</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Aggregate scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">69/100<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Review scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><i><a href="/wiki/AbsolutePunk" title="AbsolutePunk">AbsolutePunk</a></i></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">(85%)<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="3.5/5 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="3.5/5 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/11px-Star_half.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/17px-Star_half.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/22px-Star_half.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><i><a href="/wiki/Kerrang!" title="Kerrang!">Kerrang!</a></i></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="4/5 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="4/5 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span> <sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><i><a href="/wiki/Melodic_(magazine)" title="Melodic (magazine)">Melodic</a></i></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="3.5/5 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="3.5/5 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/11px-Star_half.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/17px-Star_half.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Star_half.svg/22px-Star_half.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span> <sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">Punknews.org</td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="4.5/5 stars"><span 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Guitar" title="Ultimate Guitar">Ultimate Guitar</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">(9.3/10)<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i>Old Crows / Young Cardinals</i> was met with generally favourable reviews from <a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">music critics</a>. At <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, which assigns a <a href="/wiki/Standard_score" title="Standard score">normalized</a> rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream publications, the album received an <a href="/wiki/Weighted_arithmetic_mean" title="Weighted arithmetic mean">average</a> score of 69, based on five reviews.<sup id="cite_ref-Metacritic_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Metacritic-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The album debuted at #81 on the Billboard 200, making this Alexisonfire's highest-charting album in the US to date.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Track_listing">Track listing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Track listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236635009">.mw-parser-output .tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist td,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tracklist .tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0}</style><div class="track-listing"><p>All lyrics are written by Alexisonfire; lyrics on track 6 based on the hymn "<a href="/wiki/Roll,_Jordan,_Roll" title="Roll, Jordan, Roll">Roll, Jordan, Roll</a>"; all music is composed by Alexisonfire</p><table class="tracklist"><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track1" scope="row">1.</th><td>"Old Crows"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:17</td></tr><tr><th id="track2" scope="row">2.</th><td>"<a href="/wiki/Young_Cardinals" title="Young Cardinals">Young Cardinals</a>"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:38</td></tr><tr><th id="track3" scope="row">3.</th><td>"Sons of Privilege"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:21</td></tr><tr><th id="track4" scope="row">4.</th><td>"Born and Raised"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:01</td></tr><tr><th id="track5" scope="row">5.</th><td>"No Rest"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:37</td></tr><tr><th id="track6" scope="row">6.</th><td>"The Northern"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:28</td></tr><tr><th id="track7" scope="row">7.</th><td>"Midnight Regulations"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:11</td></tr><tr><th id="track8" scope="row">8.</th><td>"Emerald Street"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:16</td></tr><tr><th id="track9" scope="row">9.</th><td>"Heading for the Sun"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:45</td></tr><tr><th id="track10" scope="row">10.</th><td>"Accept Crime"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:14</td></tr><tr><th id="track11" scope="row">11.</th><td>"Burial"</td><td class="tracklist-length">4:18</td></tr><tr class="tracklist-total-length"><th colspan="2" scope="row"><span>Total length:</span></th><td>42:06</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>iTunes pre-order bonus track</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track12" scope="row">12.</th><td>"Young Cardinals" (demo)</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:51</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>Japanese Edition</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track12" scope="row">12.</th><td>"Two Sisters"</td><td class="tracklist-length">1:27</td></tr><tr><th id="track13" scope="row">13.</th><td>"Wayfarer Youth"</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:41</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>Australian Edition</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track12" scope="row">12.</th><td>"Wayfarer Youth" (bonus track on the first pressing<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>)</td><td class="tracklist-length">3:41</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personnel">Personnel</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Personnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Alexisonfire</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Pettit" title="George Pettit">George Pettit</a> – <a href="/wiki/Screaming" title="Screaming">unclean vocals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Organ_(music)" title="Organ (music)">organ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Green_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Green (musician)">Dallas Green</a> – <a href="/wiki/Singing" title="Singing">clean vocals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_guitar" title="Rhythm guitar">rhythm guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wade_MacNeil" title="Wade MacNeil">Wade MacNeil</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lead_guitar" title="Lead guitar">lead guitar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Backing_Vocalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Backing Vocalist">backing vocals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Steele_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chris Steele (musician)">Chris Steele</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bass_guitar" title="Bass guitar">bass guitar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Hastings" title="Jordan Hastings">Jordan Hastings</a> – <a href="/wiki/Drum_kit" title="Drum kit">drums</a>, <a href="/wiki/Percussion_instrument" title="Percussion instrument">percussion</a></li></ul> <p><b>Production</b> </p> <ul><li>Produced by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Butty" title="Julius Butty">Julius Butty</a> and Alexisonfire</li> <li>Engineered by Nick Blagona</li> <li>Assistant engineering by Rob Stefenson (Vancouver, BC) and Marco Brasette (Hamilton, ON)</li> <li>Mixed by Julius Butty at <a href="/wiki/Metalworks_Studios" title="Metalworks Studios">Metalworks Studios</a></li> <li>Mixing Assistant by Kevin Dietz</li> <li>Pre-production by Nicholas Osczypko</li> <li>Mastered by Brett Zilahi at Joao Carvalho Mastering</li></ul> <p><b>Art</b> </p> <ul><li>Art direction by Alexisonfire</li> <li>Paintings, collage and design by Paul Jackson</li> <li>Layout by Paul Jackson; assisted by Justin Ellsworth</li> <li>Typed by Tricia Ricciuto; assisted by Scott Rémila</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Charts">Charts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weekly_charts">Weekly charts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Weekly charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Chart (2009) </th> <th scope="col">Peak<br />position </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Australian Albums (<a href="/wiki/ARIA_Charts" title="ARIA Charts">ARIA</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ac_Australia_Alexisonfire_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac_Australia_Alexisonfire-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td align="center">17 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Albums" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Albums">Canadian Albums</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Singles_and_Albums_Charts" title="Scottish Singles and Albums Charts">Scottish Albums</a> (<a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">OCC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ac_Scotland_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac_Scotland_-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td align="center">87 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/UK_Albums_Chart" title="UK Albums Chart">UK Albums</a> (<a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">OCC</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ac_UK2_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ac_UK2_-51"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td align="center">70 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">US <a href="/wiki/Billboard_200" title="Billboard 200"><i>Billboard</i> 200</a><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td>81 </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">US <a href="/wiki/Independent_Albums" title="Independent Albums">Independent Albums</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i>)<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td>9 </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Year-end_charts">Year-end charts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Year-end charts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Chart (2009) </th> <th scope="col">Position </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Canadian Albums (<i>Billboard</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th> <td>48 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>&#32; </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-release_date-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-release_date_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20090929010522/http://alexisonfire.ca/index.php?subaction=showfull&amp;id=1240272130&amp;archive=&amp;start_from=&amp;ucat=1&amp;">"Single Leaked, Album Out June 23rd"</a>. April 2, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alexisonfire.ca/index.php?subaction=showfull&amp;id=1240272130&amp;archive=&amp;start_from=&amp;ucat=1&amp;">the original</a> on September 29, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Single+Leaked%2C+Album+Out+June+23rd&amp;rft.date=2009-04-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falexisonfire.ca%2Findex.php%3Fsubaction%3Dshowfull%26id%3D1240272130%26archive%3D%26start_from%3D%26ucat%3D1%26&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dine_Alone_update-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dine_Alone_update_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dine_Alone_update_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSheppard2009" class="citation web cs1">Sheppard, Justin (April 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090406011301/http://www.dinealonerecords.com/updates/view/323">"ALEXISONFIRE gets ready to unleash OLD CROWS/YOUNG CARDINALS!"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dine_Alone_Records" title="Dine Alone Records">Dine Alone Records</a> official website. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dinealonerecords.com/updates/view/323">the original</a> on April 6, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 7,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ALEXISONFIRE+gets+ready+to+unleash+OLD+CROWS%2FYOUNG+CARDINALS%21&amp;rft.pub=Dine+Alone+Records+official+website&amp;rft.date=2009-04-01&amp;rft.aulast=Sheppard&amp;rft.aufirst=Justin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dinealonerecords.com%2Fupdates%2Fview%2F323&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.noisepress.com/2009/04/new-single-from-upcoming-alexisonfire.html">"New Single from Upcoming Alexisonfire Album"</a>. <i>Noise Press</i>. Retrieved on 2009-04-22</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rock_Sound-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Sound_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rock_Sound_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090404042930/http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/alexisonfire-amend-new-album-title">"Alexisonfire Amend New Album Title"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_Sound" title="Rock Sound">Rock Sound</a></i>. April 2, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/alexisonfire-amend-new-album-title">the original</a> on April 4, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Rock+Sound&amp;rft.atitle=Alexisonfire+Amend+New+Album+Title&amp;rft.date=2009-04-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocksound.tv%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Falexisonfire-amend-new-album-title&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metal_Hammer-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Metal_Hammer_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBezer2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Bezer, Terry (January 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090414211803/http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/alexisonfire-name-new-album/">"Alexisonfire Name New Album"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Metal_Hammer" title="Metal Hammer">Metal Hammer</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metalhammer.co.uk/news/alexisonfire-name-new-album/">the original</a> on April 14, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Metal+Hammer&amp;rft.atitle=Alexisonfire+Name+New+Album&amp;rft.date=2009-01-02&amp;rft.aulast=Bezer&amp;rft.aufirst=Terry&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metalhammer.co.uk%2Fnews%2Falexisonfire-name-new-album%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConoley,_Ben2008" class="citation web cs1">Conoley, Ben (February 8, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punknews.org/article/27651/videos-alexisonfire-featured-in-exclaim-tv-episode-13">"Alexisonfire featured in Exclaim! TV episode 13"</a>. Punknews.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 8,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alexisonfire+featured+in+Exclaim%21+TV+episode+13&amp;rft.pub=Punknews.org&amp;rft.date=2008-02-08&amp;rft.au=Conoley%2C+Ben&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.punknews.org%2Farticle%2F27651%2Fvideos-alexisonfire-featured-in-exclaim-tv-episode-13&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ox-fanzine.de/grosse-verlosung-zur-eastpak-antidote-tour-mit-anti-flag">"Big raffle for the Eastpak Antidote Tour with Anti-Flag"</a>. <i>Ox-Fanzine</i> (in German). 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Archived from the original on June 7, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alexisonfire%3A+%27The+Northern%27&amp;rft.pub=Punknews.org&amp;rft.date=2010-01-29&amp;rft.au=Paul%2C+Aubin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.punknews.org%2Farticle%2F36845%2Fvideos-alexisonfire-the-northern&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDan2009" class="citation web cs1">Dan (October 13, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091016054920/http://www2.kerrang.com/2009/10/my_chem_you_me_at_six_paramore.html">"My Chem, You Me At Six, Paramore, and Gallows for Soundwave"</a>. <i>Kerrang!</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www2.kerrang.com:80/2009/10/my_chem_you_me_at_six_paramore.html">the original</a> on October 16, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Kerrang%21&amp;rft.atitle=My+Chem%2C+You+Me+At+Six%2C+Paramore%2C+and+Gallows+for+Soundwave&amp;rft.date=2009-10-13&amp;rft.au=Dan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.kerrang.com%3A80%2F2009%2F10%2Fmy_chem_you_me_at_six_paramore.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alexisonfire_band_news-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Alexisonfire_band_news_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://theonlybandever.com/news/">"Old Crows / Young Cardinals - buy VINYL NOW!"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Denis+Diderot+Author+Page&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.shelfari.com%2Fauthors%2Fa151397%2FDenis-Diderot%2Fsummary&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYancey,_Bryne2009" class="citation web cs1">Yancey, Bryne (October 12, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punknews.org/article/35551/tours-billy-talent-alexisonfire-against-me-canada">"Billy Talent / Alexisonfire / Against Me! (Canada)"</a>. Punknews.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Billy+Talent+%2F+Alexisonfire+%2F+Against+Me%21+%28Canada%29&amp;rft.pub=Punknews.org&amp;rft.date=2009-10-12&amp;rft.au=Yancey%2C+Bryne&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.punknews.org%2Farticle%2F35551%2Ftours-billy-talent-alexisonfire-against-me-canada&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul,_Aubin2009" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Aubin (November 11, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punknews.org/article/35955/gallows-to-join-billy-talent-alexisonfire-against-me-for-canadian-tour-in-2010">"Gallows to join Billy Talent/Alexisonfire/Against Me! for Canadian Tour in 2010"</a>. Punknews.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 12,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Gallows+to+join+Billy+Talent%2FAlexisonfire%2FAgainst+Me%21+for+Canadian+Tour+in+2010&amp;rft.pub=Punknews.org&amp;rft.date=2009-11-11&amp;rft.au=Paul%2C+Aubin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.punknews.org%2Farticle%2F35955%2Fgallows-to-join-billy-talent-alexisonfire-against-me-for-canadian-tour-in-2010&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul,_Aubin2010" class="citation web cs1">Paul, Aubin (February 17, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punknews.org/article/37114/tours-alexisonfire-trash-talk-therefore-i-am-la-dispute">"Alexisonfire / Trash Talk / Therefore I Am / La Dispute"</a>. Punknews.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alexisonfire+%2F+Trash+Talk+%2F+Therefore+I+Am+%2F+La+Dispute&amp;rft.pub=Punknews.org&amp;rft.date=2010-02-17&amp;rft.au=Paul%2C+Aubin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.punknews.org%2Farticle%2F37114%2Ftours-alexisonfire-trash-talk-therefore-i-am-la-dispute&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite,_Adam2010" class="citation web cs1">White, Adam (May 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punknews.org/article/38277/misfits-anti-flag-alexisonfire-planet-smashers-playing-petite-nation-rockfest">"Misfits, Anti-Flag, Alexisonfire, Planet Smashers playing Petite-Nation Rockfest"</a>. Punknews.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 18,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Misfits%2C+Anti-Flag%2C+Alexisonfire%2C+Planet+Smashers+playing+Petite-Nation+Rockfest&amp;rft.pub=Punknews.org&amp;rft.date=2010-05-14&amp;rft.au=White%2C+Adam&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.punknews.org%2Farticle%2F38277%2Fmisfits-anti-flag-alexisonfire-planet-smashers-playing-petite-nation-rockfest&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Metacritic-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_37-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Metacritic_37-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/music/old-crowsyoung-cardinals/alexisonfire/critic-reviews">"Critic Reviews for Old Crows / Young Cardinals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 17,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Critic+Reviews+for+Old+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals&amp;rft.pub=Metacritic&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmusic%2Fold-crowsyoung-cardinals%2Falexisonfire%2Fcritic-reviews&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.absolutepunk.net/showthread.php?t=1144341">"Alexisonfire - Old Crows / Young Cardinals - Album Review"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AbsolutePunk" title="AbsolutePunk">AbsolutePunk</a></i>. November 7, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AbsolutePunk&amp;rft.atitle=Alexisonfire+-+Old+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals+-+Album+Review&amp;rft.date=2023-11-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.absolutepunk.net%2Fshowthread.php%3Ft%3D1144341&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/r1586461">"Old Crows / Young Cardinals - Alexisonfire"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Allmusic" class="mw-redirect" title="Allmusic">Allmusic</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Allmusic&amp;rft.atitle=Old+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals+-+Alexisonfire&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fr1586461&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Kerrang!</i> #1267, p.54</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKramm,_Troy2009" class="citation web cs1">Kramm, Troy (June 1, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://melodic.net/?page=review&amp;id=7799">"Alexisonfire - Old Crows/Young Cardinals"</a>. <i>Melodic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 16,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Melodic&amp;rft.atitle=Alexisonfire+-+Old+Crows%2FYoung+Cardinals&amp;rft.date=2009-06-01&amp;rft.au=Kramm%2C+Troy&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmelodic.net%2F%3Fpage%3Dreview%26id%3D7799&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.punknews.org/review/8470">"Alexisonfire - Old Crows / Young Cardinals"</a>. Punknews.org. July 14, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Alexisonfire+-+Old+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals&amp;rft.pub=Punknews.org&amp;rft.date=2009-07-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.punknews.org%2Freview%2F8470&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sputnikmusic.com/album.php?albumid=38587">"Alexisonfire - Old Crows / Young Cardinal (staff review)"</a>. <i>Sputnikmusic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Sputnikmusic&amp;rft.atitle=Alexisonfire+-+Old+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinal+%28staff+review%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sputnikmusic.com%2Falbum.php%3Falbumid%3D38587&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.toromagazine.com/?q=node/1906">"Old Crows/Young Cardinals"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Toro_(magazine)" title="Toro (magazine)">Toro Magazine</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Old+Crows%2FYoung+Cardinals&amp;rft.pub=Toro+Magazine&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.toromagazine.com%2F%3Fq%3Dnode%2F1906&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/reviews/compact_discs/alexisonfire/old_crows__young_cardinals/index.html">"Old Crows / Young Cardinals Review"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ultimate_Guitar" title="Ultimate Guitar">Ultimate Guitar</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Old+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals+Review&amp;rft.pub=Ultimate+Guitar&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ultimate-guitar.com%2Freviews%2Fcompact_discs%2Falexisonfire%2Fold_crows&#95;_young_cardinals%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/artist/alexisonfire/chart-history/">Alexisonfire Album &amp; Song Chart History | Billboard.com</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jbhifionline.com.au/Product/432199">"OLD CROWS / YOUNG CARDINALS &#124; Music , Music Genres, Alternative&#160;: JB HI-FI"</a>. 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Retrieved May 23, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/charts/search?artistname=AlexisOnFire&amp;charttitle=&amp;label=&amp;chartcode=CNA">"AlexisOnFire, CNA"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved May 23, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ac_UK2_-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ac_UK2_51-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.officialcharts.com/charts/albums-chart/20090628/7502/">"Official Albums Chart Top 100"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Official_Charts_Company" title="Official Charts Company">Official Charts Company</a>. Retrieved May 23, 2021.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/charts/search?artistname=AlexisOnFire&amp;charttitle=&amp;label=&amp;chartcode=TLP">"AlexisOnFire, TLP"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=AlexisOnFire%2C+TLP&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fcharts%2Fsearch%3Fartistname%3DAlexisOnFire%26charttitle%3D%26label%3D%26chartcode%3DTLP&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/charts/search?artistname=AlexisOnFire&amp;charttitle=&amp;label=&amp;chartcode=IND">"AlexisOnFire, IND"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=AlexisOnFire%2C+IND&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fcharts%2Fsearch%3Fartistname%3DAlexisOnFire%26charttitle%3D%26label%3D%26chartcode%3DIND&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.billboard.com/charts/year-end/2009/top-canadian-albums">"Top Canadian Albums – Year-End 2009"</a>. <i>Billboard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 23,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Billboard&amp;rft.atitle=Top+Canadian+Albums+%E2%80%93+Year-End+2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.billboard.com%2Fcharts%2Fyear-end%2F2009%2Ftop-canadian-albums&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOld+Crows+%2F+Young+Cardinals" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Old_Crows_/_Young_Cardinals&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090510025158/http://www.vagrant.com/release/details/287">Old Crows/Young Cardinals on Vagrant</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theonlybandever.com">Alexisonfire official website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.youngcardinals.blogspot.com/">Alexisonfire in the studio blog</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256394678">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-solo .navbox-title{background-color:#f0e68c}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-vocal .navbox-title{background-color:#f4bf92}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-non-perform .navbox-title{background-color:#bfe0bf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-group .navbox-title{background-color:#b0c4de}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-cover .navbox-title{background-color:#d8bfd8}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-classical .navbox-title{background-color:#b0e0e6}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist-temp .navbox-title{background-color:#d3d3d3}.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clienpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clienpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox-musical-artist .navbox-title{background-color:inherit}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox navbox-musical-artist navbox-musical-artist-group" aria-labelledby="Alexisonfire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks vcard hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alexisonfire" title="Template:Alexisonfire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alexisonfire" title="Template talk:Alexisonfire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alexisonfire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alexisonfire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alexisonfire" class="fn org" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alexisonfire" title="Alexisonfire">Alexisonfire</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/George_Pettit" title="George Pettit">George Pettit</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Green_(musician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Green (musician)">Dallas Green</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wade_MacNeil" title="Wade MacNeil">Wade MacNeil</a></b></li> <li><b>Chris Steele</b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Hastings" title="Jordan Hastings">Jordan Hastings</a></b></li></ul> <ul><li>Jesse Ingelevics</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Studio albums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alexisonfire_(album)" title="Alexisonfire (album)">Alexisonfire</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Watch_Out!_(Alexisonfire_album)" title="Watch Out! (Alexisonfire album)">Watch Out!</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crisis_(Alexisonfire_album)" title="Crisis (Alexisonfire album)">Crisis</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Old Crows / Young Cardinals</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otherness_(Alexisonfire_album)" title="Otherness (Alexisonfire album)">Otherness</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Switcheroo_Series:_Alexisonfire_vs._Moneen" title="The Switcheroo Series: Alexisonfire vs. Moneen">The Switcheroo Series: Alexisonfire vs. Moneen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dog%27s_Blood" title="Dog&#39;s Blood">Dog's Blood</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Death_Letter_(EP)" title="Death Letter (EP)">Death Letter</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Singles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/This_Could_Be_Anywhere_In_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="This Could Be Anywhere In the World">This Could Be Anywhere In the World</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Rough_Hands" title="Rough Hands">Rough Hands</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Young_Cardinals" title="Young Cardinals">Young Cardinals</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Born_and_Raised_(Alexisonfire_song)" class="mw-redirect" title="Born and Raised (Alexisonfire song)">Born and Raised</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Familiar_Drugs" title="Familiar Drugs">Familiar Drugs</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Sweet_Dreams_of_Otherness" title="Sweet Dreams of Otherness">Sweet Dreams of Otherness</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexisonfire_discography" title="Alexisonfire discography">Discography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_and_Colour" title="City and Colour">City and Colour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Lungs" title="Black Lungs">Black Lungs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunter_(band)" title="Cunter (band)">Cunter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallows_(band)" title="Gallows (band)">Gallows</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2394382#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/release-group/e58ba6c6-7e54-461f-aa61-403f60c1b188">MusicBrainz release group</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐jq8sz Cached time: 20241228170619 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.702 seconds Real time usage: 0.836 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5733/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 131479/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 6634/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 194155/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.399/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7945617/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 746.030 1 -total 36.93% 275.477 1 Template:Reflist 25.28% 188.594 34 Template:Cite_web 21.72% 162.043 1 Template:Infobox_album 20.59% 153.595 2 Template:Infobox 9.18% 68.499 1 Template:Short_description 7.20% 53.724 1 Template:Alexisonfire 6.99% 52.177 1 Template:Navbox_musical_artist 6.69% 49.898 13 Template:Cite_magazine 6.52% 48.640 1 Template:Music_ratings --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255263:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228170619 and revision id 1251313228. 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L. D. Swamikannu Pillai
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D. Swamikannu Pillai</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84._%D8%AF%D9%89._%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%88_%D9%BE%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%89" title="ال. دى. سواميكانو پيلاى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ال. دى. سواميكانو پيلاى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D._%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF._%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88" title="எல். டி. சாமிக்கண்ணு பிள்ளை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எல். டி. சாமிக்கண்ணு பிள்ளை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" 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<div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Indian politician, historian, linguist, astronomer and administrator</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Lewis Dominic Swamikannu Pillai</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">CIE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Service_Order" title="Imperial Service Order">ISO</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai.jpg/200px-L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai.jpg/300px-L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai.jpg/400px-L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="497" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">President of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras Legislative Council">Madras Legislative Council</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />February 1925&#160;–&#32;10 September 1925</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">Governor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Goschen,_2nd_Viscount_Goschen" title="George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen">George Goschen, 2nd Viscount Goschen</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/P._Rajagopalachari" title="P. Rajagopalachari">P. Rajagopalachari</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data">V. S. Narasimha Raju</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Chief Secretary of the Madras Presidency</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1920–1925</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/G._T._Boag" title="G. T. Boag">G. T. Boag</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1865-02-11</span>)</span>11 February 1865<br />Madras</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">10 September 1925<span style="display:none">(1925-09-10)</span> (aged&#160;60)<br /><a href="/wiki/Royapuram" title="Royapuram">Royapuram</a>, Madras</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Politician" title="Politician">Politician</a>, <a href="/wiki/Astronomer" title="Astronomer">astronomer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linguist" class="mw-redirect" title="Linguist">linguist</a>, <a href="/wiki/Philosopher" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosopher">philosopher</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Diwan Bahadur <b>Lewis Dominic Swamikannu Pillai</b> <small><a href="/wiki/Order_of_the_Indian_Empire" title="Order of the Indian Empire">CIE</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Service_Order" title="Imperial Service Order">ISO</a> </small> (b. 11 February 1865 - d. 10 September 1925) was an Indian politician, historian, linguist, astronomer and administrator who served as the second President of the <a href="/wiki/Madras_Legislative_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Madras Legislative Council">Madras Legislative Council</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Swamikannu Pillai was born in a poor Indian Christian family of Madras Presidency on 11 February 1865.<sup id="cite_ref-bi_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bi-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He had his schooling in Madras and graduated in law before doing his LlB.<sup id="cite_ref-tamilexiconpxvii_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tamilexiconpxvii-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>When then-President of the Madras Legislative Council, P. Rajagopalachari resigned his post in 1924 to join the India Council, elections were held for the post of President. In February 1925, Swamikannu Pillai took charge as the first elected President of the Madras Legislative Council.<sup id="cite_ref-secondchamberp424_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-secondchamberp424-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During his tenure as President of the Madras Legislative Council, Pillai created the Legislative Council library.<sup id="cite_ref-muthiahp41_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muthiahp41-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In his honour, the LD Swamikannu Pillai Endowment Lectures in philosophy were later established at the University of Madras.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death">Death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Swamikannu Pillai died on 10 September 1925 at his home in <a href="/wiki/Royapuram" title="Royapuram">Royapuram</a>, aged 60.<sup id="cite_ref-nature_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nature-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours">Honours</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Honours"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Swamikannu Pillai was made a "Diwan Bahadur", appointed a Companion of the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Service_Order" title="Imperial Service Order">Imperial Service Order</a> in 1917 and later appointed a Companion of the Order of the Indian Empire in the 1924 New Year Honours' List.<sup id="cite_ref-proserpiop102_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-proserpiop102-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFL._D._Swamikannu_Pillai" class="citation book cs1">L. D. Swamikannu Pillai. <i>Panchang and Horoscope</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Panchang+and+Horoscope&amp;rft.au=L.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL._D._Swamikannu_Pillai" class="citation book cs1">L. D. Swamikannu Pillai. <i>An Indian ephemeris, A. D. 1800 to A. D. 2000</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=An+Indian+ephemeris%2C+A.+D.+1800+to+A.+D.+2000&amp;rft.au=L.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Indian Chronology</i>. 1911.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Indian+Chronology&amp;rft.date=1911&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bi-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bi_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJagdish_Saran_Sharma1972" class="citation book cs1">Jagdish Saran Sharma (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationalbiograph0000shar"><i>The national biographical dictionary of India</i></a></span>. Sterling Publishers. pp.&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/nationalbiograph0000shar/page/184">184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+national+biographical+dictionary+of+India&amp;rft.pages=184&amp;rft.pub=Sterling+Publishers&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rft.au=Jagdish+Saran+Sharma&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnationalbiograph0000shar&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tamilexiconpxvii-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-tamilexiconpxvii_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Tamil Lexicon</i>. University of Madras. 1982. p.&#160;xviii.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Tamil+Lexicon&amp;rft.pages=xviii&amp;rft.pub=University+of+Madras&amp;rft.date=1982&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-secondchamberp424-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-secondchamberp424_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFS._S._Bhalerao1977" class="citation book cs1">S. S. Bhalerao (1977). <i>The Second Chamber: its role in modern legislatures&#160;: the twenty-five years of Rajya Sabha</i>. Rajya Sabha. p.&#160;424.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Second+Chamber%3A+its+role+in+modern+legislatures+%3A+the+twenty-five+years+of+Rajya+Sabha&amp;rft.pages=424&amp;rft.pub=Rajya+Sabha&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft.au=S.+S.+Bhalerao&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muthiahp41-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-muthiahp41_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuthiah2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/S._Muthiah" title="S. Muthiah">Muthiah, S.</a> (2004). <i>Madras Rediscovered</i>. East West Books (Madras) Pvt Ltd. p.&#160;41. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/81-88661-24-4" title="Special:BookSources/81-88661-24-4"><bdi>81-88661-24-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Madras+Rediscovered&amp;rft.pages=41&amp;rft.pub=East+West+Books+%28Madras%29+Pvt+Ltd&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=81-88661-24-4&amp;rft.aulast=Muthiah&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nature-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nature_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F116550c0">"Obituaries"</a>. <i>Nature</i>. <b>116</b> (550): 550. 1925. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1925Natur.116S.550.">1925Natur.116S.550.</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F116550c0">10.1038/116550c0</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Nature&amp;rft.atitle=Obituaries&amp;rft.volume=116&amp;rft.issue=550&amp;rft.pages=550&amp;rft.date=1925&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F116550c0&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1925Natur.116S.550.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1038%252F116550c0&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AL.+D.+Swamikannu+Pillai" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-proserpiop102-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-proserpiop102_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leo Proserpio (1931). L. D. Swamikannu Pillai:A Biographical Study. Codialbail Press.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L._D._Swamikannu_Pillai&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="Proserpio" class="citation book cs1">Leo Proserpio (1931). <i>L. D. Swamikannu Pillai:A Biographical Study</i>. 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Kenneth Haworth
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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> until his retirement in 1971.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Born on 21 January 1903 and educated at <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham_College" title="Cheltenham College">Cheltenham College</a><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Clare_College,_Cambridge" title="Clare College, Cambridge">Clare College, Cambridge</a>, he was <a href="/wiki/Ordained" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordained">ordained</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Priesthood" class="mw-redirect" title="Priesthood">priesthood</a> in 1926. His first post was as a <a href="/wiki/Curate" title="Curate">curate</a> at St Giles' <a href="/wiki/Willenhall" title="Willenhall">Willenhall</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> after which he was <a href="/wiki/Chaplain" title="Chaplain">domestic chaplain</a> to the <a href="/wiki/John_Augustine_Kempthorne" class="mw-redirect" title="John Augustine Kempthorne">Bishop of Lichfield</a> then <a href="/wiki/Rector_(ecclesiastical)" title="Rector (ecclesiastical)">Rector</a> of <a href="/wiki/Baunton" title="Baunton">Baunton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From 1947 to 1960 he was <a href="/wiki/Dean_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dean (religion)">Principal</a> at <i>Wells Theological College</i> before his appointment as dean/<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He died on 22 April 1988. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kenneth_Haworth&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Dean Of Salisbury Preb. K. W. Haworth Appointed</i> <a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a> Saturday, Mar 12, 1960; pg. 4; Issue 54718; col D</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a>, Thursday, Mar 04, 1971; pg. 16; Issue 58113; col D <i>Church news- Dean of Salisbury to retire</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Who" title="Who&#39;s Who">“Who was Who”</a>1897-1990 London, <a href="/wiki/A_%26_C_Black" title="A &amp; C Black">A &amp; C Black</a>, 1991 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7136-3457-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7136-3457-X">0-7136-3457-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090403075039/http://stgileswillenhall.com/">"Church website"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stgileswillenhall.com/">the original</a> on 3 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Church+website&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstgileswillenhall.com%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKenneth+Haworth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Crockford%27s_Clerical_Directory" title="Crockford&#39;s Clerical Directory">Crockford's Clerical Directory</a>1940-41 Oxford, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">OUP</a>,1941</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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Salisbury">Deans of Salisbury</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">High Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_(dean_of_Salisbury)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter (dean of Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Osbert_(dean_of_Salisbury)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Osbert (dean of Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Osbert</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_(dean_of_Salisbury)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert (dean of Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Robert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serlo_(abbot_of_Cirencester)" title="Serlo (abbot of Cirencester)">Serlo</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roger_(dean_of_Salisbury)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Roger (dean of Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Roger</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Azo_(dean_of_Salisbury)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Azo (dean of Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Azo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_of_Chichester" title="Robert of Chichester">Robert of Chichester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_de_Beaumont_(priest)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry de Beaumont (priest) (page does not exist)">Henry de Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Oxford" title="John of Oxford">John of Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jordan_(dean_of_Salisbury)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jordan (dean of Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eustace_(bishop_of_Ely)" title="Eustace (bishop of Ely)">Eustace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Poore" title="Richard Poore">Richard Poore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adam_(dean_of_Salisbury)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adam (dean of Salisbury) (page does not exist)">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_de_Wanda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William de Wanda (page does not exist)">William de Wanda</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Robert_de_Hertford&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Robert de Hertford (page does not exist)">Robert de Hertford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Wickhampton" title="Robert Wickhampton">Robert Wickhampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Scammel" title="Walter Scammel">Walter Scammel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Brandeston" title="Henry Brandeston">Henry Brandeston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Simon_de_Micham&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Simon de Micham (page does not exist)">Simon de Micham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late Medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peter_of_Savoy_(archbishop)" title="Peter of Savoy (archbishop)">Peter of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Rufati&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="William Rufati (page does not exist)">William Rufati</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reymund_de_Fargis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Reymund de Fargis (page does not exist)">Reymund de Fargis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bertrand_de_Fargis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Bertrand de Fargis (page does not exist)">Bertrand de Fargis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reynold_Orsini" class="mw-redirect" title="Reynold Orsini">Reynold Orsini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giacomo_Orsini_(cardinal)" title="Giacomo Orsini (cardinal)">James Orsini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Braybrooke" title="Robert Braybrooke">Robert Braybrooke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Montagu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Montagu (page does not exist)">Thomas Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chandler_(bishop)" title="John Chandler (bishop)">John Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Sydenham" title="Simon Sydenham">Simon Sydenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Brunce" title="Thomas Brunce">Thomas Brunce</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicholas_Bildeston&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicholas Bildeston (page does not exist)">Nicholas Bildeston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Moleyns" title="Adam Moleyns">Adam Moleyns</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Leyot&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Leyot (page does not exist)">Richard Leyot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Kymer" title="Gilbert Kymer">Gilbert Kymer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Goldwell" title="James Goldwell">James Goldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davison_(priest)" title="John Davison (priest)">John Davison</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_Cheyne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward Cheyne (page does not exist)">Edward Cheyne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Ruthall" title="Thomas Ruthall">Thomas Ruthall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Atwater_(bishop)" title="William Atwater (bishop)">William Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Longland" title="John Longland">John Longland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuthbert_Tunstall" title="Cuthbert Tunstall">Cuthbert Tunstall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pace" title="Richard Pace">Richard Pace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Vannes" title="Peter Vannes">Peter Vannes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Bradbridge" title="William Bradbridge">William Bradbridge</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cole_(archdeacon_of_Essex)" title="Thomas Cole (archdeacon of Essex)">Thomas Cole</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edmund_Freke" title="Edmund Freke">Edmund Freke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Piers" title="John Piers">John Piers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bridges_(bishop)" title="John Bridges (bishop)">John Bridges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gordon_(bishop)" title="John Gordon (bishop)">John Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Williams_(archbishop_of_York)" title="John Williams (archbishop of York)">John Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bowle_(bishop)" title="John Bowle (bishop)">John Bowle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edmund_Mason&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edmund Mason (page does not exist)">Edmund Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Baylie" title="Richard Baylie">Richard Baylie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Brideoake" title="Ralph Brideoake">Ralph Brideoake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pierce" title="Thomas Pierce">Thomas Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woodward_(priest)" title="Robert Woodward (priest)">Robert Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Young_(priest)" title="Edward Young (priest)">Edward Young</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Younger_(priest)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Younger (priest) (page does not exist)">John Younger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Clarke_(dean_of_Salisbury)" title="John Clarke (dean of Salisbury)">John Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thomas_Greene_(priest)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Thomas Greene (priest) (page does not exist)">Thomas Greene</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rowney_Noel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rowney Noel (page does not exist)">Rowney Noel</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Ekins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Ekins (page does not exist)">John Ekins</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Talbot_(priest)" title="Charles Talbot (priest)">Charles Talbot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Pearson_(dean_of_Salisbury)" title="Hugh Pearson (dean of Salisbury)">Hugh Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Lear_(dean_of_Salisbury)" title="Francis Lear (dean of Salisbury)">Francis Lear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hamilton_(priest)" title="Henry Hamilton (priest)">Henry Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._C._Ryle" title="J. C. Ryle">J. C. Ryle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Boyle_(priest)" title="George Boyle (priest)">George Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Webb_(bishop)" title="Allan Webb (bishop)">Allan Webb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Page_Roberts" title="William Page Roberts">William Page Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Burn" title="Andrew Burn">Andrew Burn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_(bishop_of_Guildford)" title="John Randolph (bishop of Guildford)">John Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henderson_(dean)" title="Edward Henderson (dean)">Edward Henderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Robins_(priest)" title="Henry Robins (priest)">Henry Robins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moberly_(bishop)" title="Robert Moberly (bishop)">Robert Moberly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kenneth Haworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fenton_Morley" title="Fenton Morley">Fenton Morley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Evans_(priest)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sydney Evans (priest)">Sydney Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Dickinson" title="Hugh Dickinson">Hugh Dickinson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derek_Watson_(priest)" title="Derek Watson (priest)">Derek Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_Osborne" title="June Osborne">June Osborne</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ed_Probert&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ed Probert (page does not exist)">Ed Probert</a> (Acting)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Papadopulos" title="Nick Papadopulos">Nick Papadopulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a Church of England dean is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Winifred Foley
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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Winifred Foley</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1914-07-25</span>)</span>25 July 1914<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Brierley,_Gloucestershire" title="Brierley, Gloucestershire">Brierley, Gloucestershire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">21 March 2009<span style="display:none">(2009-03-21)</span> (aged&#160;94)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">British</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Sydney Foley</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Winifred Mary Foley</b> (born Winifred Mason; 25 July 1914 &#8211; 21 March 2009) was an English writer. She is known best for an autobiographical account of her childhood in the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Dean" title="Forest of Dean">Forest of Dean</a>: <i>A Child in the Forest</i> (1974).<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forest_life">Forest life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Foley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Forest life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winifred Foley, the daughter of Charles Mason, a coal miner and his Welsh wife Margaret, was born in <a href="/wiki/Brierley,_Gloucestershire" title="Brierley, Gloucestershire">Brierley, Gloucestershire</a>. Her book, <i>A Child in the Forest</i> (1974), mainly an account of her childhood in the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Dean" title="Forest of Dean">Forest of Dean</a>, also includes her experiences as an adolescent <a href="/wiki/Domestic_servant" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic servant">domestic servant</a> in London and elsewhere, up to the point where she meets her future husband, Sydney (died 1998), at an <a href="/wiki/Anti-fascist" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fascist">anti-fascist</a> rally in 1936.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The book has been compared with <a href="/wiki/Laurie_Lee" title="Laurie Lee">Laurie Lee</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Cider_with_Rosie" title="Cider with Rosie">Cider with Rosie</a></i>, but there are some differences, e.g. Foley makes clear the grinding poverty of her childhood. Its success was somewhat disconcerting for her: "I think I come out of it as a very ordinary little girl, with all the usual faults," she said. "I wouldn't have been surprised, after it had been published, if decent people hadn't wanted to know me."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her immediate family were delighted with the book, but "the honesty of her descriptions, which included stories of <a href="/wiki/Fleas" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleas">fleas</a> in the bed and poor sanitation, shamed some parts of her family."<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>A Child in the Forest</i> was serialised on <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_4" title="BBC Radio 4">BBC Radio 4</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Woman%27s_Hour" title="Woman&#39;s Hour">Woman's Hour</a></i> in 1973, and three years later one chapter from it, about a job as a domestic servant, was adapted as a TV programme, <i>Abide With Me</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A stage adaptation of the book, by David Goodland, was produced at the <a href="/wiki/Swan_Theatre,_Worcester" title="Swan Theatre, Worcester">Swan Theatre, Worcester</a> in 1989<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Everyman_Theatre,_Cheltenham" title="Everyman Theatre, Cheltenham">Everyman Theatre, Cheltenham</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> in 1991. The success of the book allowed the Foleys to move from <a href="/wiki/Huntley,_Gloucestershire" title="Huntley, Gloucestershire">Huntley</a> and buy a house at <a href="/wiki/Cliffords_Mesne" title="Cliffords Mesne">Cliffords Mesne</a>, near <a href="/wiki/Newent" title="Newent">Newent</a>, Gloucestershire. </p><p>Subsequent works of reminiscences included <i>No Pipe Dreams for Father</i>, <i>Back to the Forest</i> and <i>In and Out of the Forest</i>. She also had some romantic fiction published. Writing fiction in her old age, she said, was "the only thing that keeps me going." She moved to <a href="/wiki/Cheltenham" title="Cheltenham">Cheltenham</a> after her husband died.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to her eldest son Chris, Winifred Foley "never lost her love of the Forest, even when she moved. My mother had a very political mind and talked about a lot of things, but she never talked about anything with more affection than her days in the Forest."<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A documentary on her life, <i>Winifred Foley – A Child from the Forest</i>, was broadcast on <a href="/wiki/ITV_(TV_network)" title="ITV (TV network)">ITV</a> in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_legacy">Death and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Foley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Death and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Winifred Foley died in Cheltenham on 21 March 2009, some three days before her original book was re-released under the new title <i>Full Hearts and Empty Bellies</i>, having reportedly sold over 500,000 copies by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Humanism" title="Humanism">Humanist</a> funeral was held at the <a href="/wiki/Bouncer%27s_Lane_Cemetery,_Cheltenham" title="Bouncer&#39;s Lane Cemetery, Cheltenham">Cheltenham Crematorium</a>. One of the pieces of music chosen was a recording of "<a href="/wiki/I%27m_Forever_Blowing_Bubbles" title="I&#39;m Forever Blowing Bubbles">I'm Forever Blowing Bubbles</a>" sung by the children of <a href="/wiki/Pillowell" title="Pillowell">Pillowell</a> County Primary School, which had been the signature tune of the 1973 BBC serialisation.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She was survived by three sons and by a daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <i>Full Hearts...</i> was serialised in the <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Mail" title="Daily Mail">Daily Mail</a></i> and went on to reach <i>The Times</i> Top 10 best-seller list in the UK. </p><p>There is a bench dedicated to her memory and that of her husband on the top of <a href="/wiki/May_Hill,_Gloucestershire" title="May Hill, Gloucestershire">May Hill</a>, a Forest of Dean beauty spot not far from her home in Cliffords Mesne.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Foley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reminiscences">Reminiscences</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Foley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Reminiscences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>A Child in the Forest</i> (London: BBC, 1974) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-563-12605-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-563-12605-1">0-563-12605-1</a>; reissued 1977, 1978, 1985, 1986, 1991, and (as <i>Full Hearts and Empty Bellies</i>) 2009</li> <li><i>No Pipe Dreams for Father</i> (Coleford: The Forest Bookshop, 1977) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9505926-0-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-9505926-0-9">0-9505926-0-9</a></li> <li><i>Back to the Forest</i> (London: Macdonald, 1981) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-354-04354-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-354-04354-4">0-354-04354-4</a>; reissued 1982</li> <li><i>The Forest Trilogy</i> (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992, reissue of previous three) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-283076-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-283076-7">0-19-283076-7</a></li> <li><i>In and Out of the Forest</i> (London: Century, 1984) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7126-0365-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-7126-0365-4">0-7126-0365-4</a>; reissued 1992)</li> <li><i>Great Aunt Lizzie</i> (Oxford: Isis, 2002) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7531-9816-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7531-9816-9">0-7531-9816-9</a></li> <li><i>Shiny Pennies and Grubby Pinafores</i> (London: Abacus, 2010) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-349-12293-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-349-12293-9">978-0-349-12293-9</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fiction">Fiction</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Foley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Fiction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Village Fates</i> (Oxford: Isis, 2000) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7531-6342-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7531-6342-X">0-7531-6342-X</a></li> <li><i>Prejudice and Pride</i> (Oxford: Isis, 2005) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7531-7224-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7531-7224-0">0-7531-7224-0</a></li> <li><i>To Kill for Love</i> (Oxford: Isis, 2006) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7531-7655-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7531-7655-6">0-7531-7655-6</a></li> <li><i>Two Men and a Maiden</i> (Oxford: Isis, 2007) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7531-7971-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-7531-7971-7">0-7531-7971-7</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Foley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Guardian</i> obituary <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/apr/02/obituary-winifred-foley.">Retrieved 19 October 2010.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>A Child in the Forest</i> (London: Futura, 1977), p. 253.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Guardian</i> obituary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i> obituary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hazel Holtt, 'Rare combination makes a classic', <i>The Stage</i>, 2 December 1976, p.17.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Regional reviews: A Child in the Forest', <i>The Stage</i>, 20 April 1989, p.13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">'Regional reviews: Growing pains in the wood', <i>The Stage</i>, 26 September 1991, p.15.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Telegraph</i> obituary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/5095902/Winifred-Foley.html">Retrieved 19 October 2010.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This Is Announcements site obituary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisannouncements.co.uk/5883257.">Retrieved 19 October 2010.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Guardian</i> and <i>The Times</i> obituaries.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Times</i> obituary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6073720.ece.">Retrieved 19 October 2010.</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Winifred Foley: Introduction. In: <i>A Child of the Forest</i> (London: Futura, 1977), p. 10. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86007-491-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86007-491-9">0-86007-491-9</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Telegraph</i> obituary.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wyedeantourism.co.uk/discover/all/t-3597%7C/i-4391-May_Hill">"May Hill"</a>. Forest of Dean &amp; Wye Valley<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=May+Hill&amp;rft.pub=Forest+of+Dean+%26+Wye+Valley&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wyedeantourism.co.uk%2Fdiscover%2Fall%2Ft-3597%257C%2Fi-4391-May_Hill&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWinifred+Foley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The bibliographical data are taken from the catalogues of the British Library and of Powys and Gloucestershire public library systems.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Winifred_Foley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/books/2009/apr/02/obituary-winifred-foley"><i>Guardian</i> obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fweb.org.uk/Dean/deanhist/winifred_foley.htm">Forest of Dean history site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/books-obituaries/5095902/Winifred-Foley.html"><i>Telegraph</i> obituary</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/obituaries/article6073720.ece"><i>The Times</i> obituary</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; 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noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8025386#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000063465084">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/16124680">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1729068/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJq73QVr4htYkJ6M49rjG3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n82148857">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Foley, Winifred"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&amp;local_base=aut&amp;ccl_term=ica=ola20241213938&amp;CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&amp;local_base=lnc10&amp;doc_number=000012831&amp;P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐gvk6h Cached time: 20241228174720 Cache expiry: 281566 Reduced expiry: true Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.383 seconds Real time usage: 0.551 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 5073/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 26704/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 4806/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 4/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 42431/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.216/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5915810/52428800 bytes Number of 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List of cinemas in Toronto
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of cinemas in Toronto - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled 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existed in the city of <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ontario" title="Ontario">Ontario</a>, Canada. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th width="28%">Name </th> <th width="18%">Location </th> <th width="8%" data-sort-type="number">Opened </th> <th width="8%" data-sort-type="number">Closed </th> <th width="5%">Screens </th> <th width="35%">Notes </th> <th width="10%">Image </th></tr> <tr> <td>Academy Theatre </td> <td>Bloor and Lansdowne </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Albion Cinemas </td> <td>Albion and Kipling </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Shows Hindi, Punjabi, Telugu, Tamil and Bengali films. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Alhambra </td> <td>568 Bloor Street, west of Bathurst </td> <td>1910 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Also known as the King George, Baronet, and also the Eve, a porn cinema. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>AMC Kennedy Commons 20 </td> <td>Kennedy and 401 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td data-sort-value="2012">August 2012 </td> <td>20 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Avalon Theatre </td> <td>2923 Danforth west of Victoria Park </td> <td>1926 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Clyde Theatre until 1930 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Avenue Theatre </td> <td>Eglinton and Avenue </td> <td>1938 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Backstage </td> <td>Yonge and Bloor </td> <td data-sort-value="1970">c1970 </td> <td data-sort-value="2000">c2000 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Opened as part of the conversion of Loew's Uptown into a multiplex, but reached by a separate entrance; originally considered part of that multiplex, and called the Uptown Backstage. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bay Theatre </td> <td>Queen and Bay </td> <td>1910 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Earliest purpose built cinema in Toronto. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Colonial_Theatre,_south_side_of_Queen_Street,_east_from_Bay_Street,_constructed_from_fragments_of_old_Customs_House.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Colonial_Theatre%2C_south_side_of_Queen_Street%2C_east_from_Bay_Street%2C_constructed_from_fragments_of_old_Customs_House.jpg/150px-Colonial_Theatre%2C_south_side_of_Queen_Street%2C_east_from_Bay_Street%2C_constructed_from_fragments_of_old_Customs_House.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Colonial_Theatre%2C_south_side_of_Queen_Street%2C_east_from_Bay_Street%2C_constructed_from_fragments_of_old_Customs_House.jpg/225px-Colonial_Theatre%2C_south_side_of_Queen_Street%2C_east_from_Bay_Street%2C_constructed_from_fragments_of_old_Customs_House.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Colonial_Theatre%2C_south_side_of_Queen_Street%2C_east_from_Bay_Street%2C_constructed_from_fragments_of_old_Customs_House.jpg/300px-Colonial_Theatre%2C_south_side_of_Queen_Street%2C_east_from_Bay_Street%2C_constructed_from_fragments_of_old_Customs_House.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1599" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bayview Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Leaside" title="Leaside">Leaside</a> </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Later was a live theatre venue known as the Bayview Playhouse. Now a drug store. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beach Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Beaches,_Toronto" title="The Beaches, Toronto">The Beaches</a> </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Remodeled into a shopping centre. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beach_Theatre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Beach_Theatre.JPG/150px-Beach_Theatre.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Beach_Theatre.JPG/225px-Beach_Theatre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Beach_Theatre.JPG/300px-Beach_Theatre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Cinemas Beaches (formally Alliance Atlantis Beaches) </td> <td>1651 Queen Street East, Queen and Coxwell </td> <td data-sort-value="1999">1999 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>6 </td> <td>Built on the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Racetrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenwood Racetrack">Greenwood Racetrack</a>. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Beach_Alliance_Atlantis.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Beach_Alliance_Atlantis.JPG/150px-Beach_Alliance_Atlantis.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Beach_Alliance_Atlantis.JPG/225px-Beach_Alliance_Atlantis.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Beach_Alliance_Atlantis.JPG/300px-Beach_Alliance_Atlantis.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Beaver Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Junction" title="The Junction">The Junction</a> </td> <td>1913 </td> <td>1961 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bellevue Theatre </td> <td>On College St. near Brunswick </td> <td>1937 </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Biltmore Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Dundas </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Birchcliff Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Birch_Cliff" title="Birch Cliff">Birch Cliff</a> </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>1974 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bloor Theatre </td> <td>Bathurst and Bloor </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Originally Allen's Bloor Theatre, Famous Players acquired it in 1923 and operated it until 1957. Became the Blue Orchid nightclub and has been <a href="/wiki/Lee%27s_Palace" title="Lee&#39;s Palace">Lee's Palace</a> music venue since 1985. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lee%27s_Palace.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lee%27s_Palace.jpg/150px-Lee%27s_Palace.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lee%27s_Palace.jpg/225px-Lee%27s_Palace.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Lee%27s_Palace.jpg/300px-Lee%27s_Palace.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2045" data-file-height="1641" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bloordale Theatre (later known as State) </td> <td>1606 Bloor St W at Dundas St W </td> <td>1937 </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Building in use as commercial space </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bohemian Theatre </td> <td>Yonge St at Elm Street </td> <td> </td> <td>Closed </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brighton Theatre </td> <td>Roncesvalles </td> <td> </td> <td>Closed </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Building is in use as a convenience store </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Broadview Theatre </td> <td>Broadview and Gerrard </td> <td>1941 </td> <td>1945 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Broadway Theatre (Toronto)">Broadway Theatre</a> </td> <td>75 Queen St West </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Was originally The Globe burlesque and vaudeville; renamed the Roxy in 1933 and Broadway in 1937; was burlesque and film until its demolition for Sheraton Hotel. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cameo Theatre </td> <td>Pape and Floyd <a href="/wiki/East_York" title="East York">East York</a> </td> <td>1934 </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Capitol Fine Arts Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Eglinton </td> <td>1923 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Converted to an event venue in 1998. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carlton_Cinema_(Toronto)" title="Carlton Cinema (Toronto)">Carlton Cinema</a> </td> <td>Yonge and Carlton </td> <td>1981 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>9 </td> <td>Focus on foreign and independent film. Closed in 2009 by <a href="/wiki/Cineplex_Odeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Cineplex Odeon">Cineplex Odeon</a>; reopened in 2010 under the ownership of <a href="/wiki/Rainbow_and_Magic_Lantern_Cinemas" title="Rainbow and Magic Lantern Cinemas">Rainbow and Magic Lantern Cinemas</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and acquired by <a href="/wiki/Imagine_Cinemas" title="Imagine Cinemas">Imagine Cinemas</a> in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carlton_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Carlton_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg/150px-Carlton_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Carlton_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg/225px-Carlton_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Carlton_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg/300px-Carlton_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Carlton Theatre </td> <td>Parliament and Carlton </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Not to be confused with the far more famous Odeon Carlton; this was a much smaller theatre on Parliament Street just north of Carlton Street. After closing as a movie house, it was used as a CBC studio and is currently the Canadian Children's Dance Theatre. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dance_Theatre_509_Parliament_St.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dance_Theatre_509_Parliament_St.JPG/150px-Dance_Theatre_509_Parliament_St.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dance_Theatre_509_Parliament_St.JPG/225px-Dance_Theatre_509_Parliament_St.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Dance_Theatre_509_Parliament_St.JPG/300px-Dance_Theatre_509_Parliament_St.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cedarbrae Cinemas 8 </td> <td>Markham and Lawrence </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Centre Theatre </td> <td>Bathurst and Dundas </td> <td>1935 </td> <td>1977 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cinecity </td> <td>Yonge and Charles </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cinema Lumière (see Garden Theatre) </td> <td>College at Spadina </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cinema At The Toronto Dominion Centre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Dominion_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto Dominion Centre">Toronto Dominion Centre</a> </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>1978 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Cinemas Empress Walk 10 </td> <td>North York Centre </td> <td>1999 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>10 </td> <td>Formerly a SilverCity and Empire Theatres from 2005 to 2013. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Walk_North_York.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Empress_Walk_North_York.jpg/150px-Empress_Walk_North_York.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Empress_Walk_North_York.jpg/225px-Empress_Walk_North_York.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Empress_Walk_North_York.jpg/300px-Empress_Walk_North_York.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Cinemas Queensway and VIP </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Queensway,_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="The Queensway, Toronto">The Queensway</a> </td> <td>2001 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>15-5 </td> <td>VIP Cinemas opened in January 2014. Formerly Cineplex Odeon </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Cinemas Yonge &amp; Dundas Cinemas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/10_Dundas_East" class="mw-redirect" title="10 Dundas East">10 Dundas East</a> </td> <td>2008 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>24 </td> <td>Most screens ever in the City of Toronto. Formerly AMC Yonge &amp; Dundas 24 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Odeon Eglinton Town Centre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Mile,_Toronto" title="Golden Mile, Toronto">Golden Mile</a> </td> <td>2000 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>16 </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cineplex_Odeon_Eglinton_Town_Centre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cineplex_Odeon_Eglinton_Town_Centre.jpg/150px-Cineplex_Odeon_Eglinton_Town_Centre.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cineplex_Odeon_Eglinton_Town_Centre.jpg/225px-Cineplex_Odeon_Eglinton_Town_Centre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Cineplex_Odeon_Eglinton_Town_Centre.jpg/300px-Cineplex_Odeon_Eglinton_Town_Centre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1060" data-file-height="634" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Odeon Morningside </td> <td>Sheppard and Morningside </td> <td>1997 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>11 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Odeon Sheppard Grande </td> <td>Yonge and Sheppard </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td data-sort-value="2013">Relocated to Empress Walk in June 2013 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Odeon Varsity Cinemas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manulife_Centre" title="Manulife Centre">Manulife Centre</a> </td> <td>1974 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>2-12 </td> <td>Includes some luxury "VIP" theatres. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circle Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/North_Toronto" title="North Toronto">North Toronto</a> </td> <td>1933 </td> <td>1956 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Circle_Theatre_isometric_drawing_1932.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Circle_Theatre_isometric_drawing_1932.jpg/150px-Circle_Theatre_isometric_drawing_1932.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Circle_Theatre_isometric_drawing_1932.jpg/225px-Circle_Theatre_isometric_drawing_1932.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Circle_Theatre_isometric_drawing_1932.jpg/300px-Circle_Theatre_isometric_drawing_1932.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1125" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Classic Theatre (originally named "The King's Royal Theatre") </td> <td>Greenwood and Gerrard </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>1957 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>As of Dec. 1, 2017, it is The Redwood Theatre </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Classic_Theatre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Former_Classic_Theatre.JPG/150px-Former_Classic_Theatre.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Former_Classic_Theatre.JPG/225px-Former_Classic_Theatre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Former_Classic_Theatre.JPG/300px-Former_Classic_Theatre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cineplex Cinemas Scarborough </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Town_Centre" title="Scarborough Town Centre">Scarborough Town Centre</a> </td> <td>1998 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>12 </td> <td>Features Xscape Entertainment Centre and two Party Rooms. </td></tr> <tr> <td>College Theatre </td> <td>College and Ossington </td> <td>1924 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Comique Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Dundas </td> <td>1908 </td> <td>1914 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ComiqueTheatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ComiqueTheatre.jpg/150px-ComiqueTheatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ComiqueTheatre.jpg/225px-ComiqueTheatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/ComiqueTheatre.jpg/300px-ComiqueTheatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1023" data-file-height="1323" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Community Theatre </td> <td>1202 Woodbine Ave. East York </td> <td>1937 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Coronet Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Gerrard </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>1983 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Originally named the Savoy; became the Coronet in 1963. Well known <a href="/wiki/Grindhouse" title="Grindhouse">grindhouse</a> in the 1970s. Now, a jewellery store. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coronet_Theatre_Yonge_and_Gerrard_Streets_1979_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coronet_Theatre_Yonge_and_Gerrard_Streets_1979_Toronto.jpg/150px-Coronet_Theatre_Yonge_and_Gerrard_Streets_1979_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coronet_Theatre_Yonge_and_Gerrard_Streets_1979_Toronto.jpg/225px-Coronet_Theatre_Yonge_and_Gerrard_Streets_1979_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Coronet_Theatre_Yonge_and_Gerrard_Streets_1979_Toronto.jpg/300px-Coronet_Theatre_Yonge_and_Gerrard_Streets_1979_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1026" data-file-height="687" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Cumberland Four </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkville,_Toronto" title="Yorkville, Toronto">Yorkville</a> </td> <td>1981 </td> <td>2012<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>4 </td> <td>Specialized in independent and foreign films and was a mainstay venue for the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a>. Owned by Famous Players until 1997 when it was sold to <a href="/wiki/Alliance_Atlantis" title="Alliance Atlantis">Alliance</a>. Owned and operated by Cineplex from 2005 until close.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Danforth_Music_Hall" title="Danforth Music Hall">Danforth Music Hall</a> </td> <td>Danforth and Broadview </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>2004 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Originally named Allen's Danforth. Later, The Century, and also Titania. Now a live music venue. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Music_Hall_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Music_Hall_2010.JPG/150px-Music_Hall_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Music_Hall_2010.JPG/225px-Music_Hall_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Music_Hall_2010.JPG/300px-Music_Hall_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Donlands_Theatre" title="Donlands Theatre">Donlands Theatre</a> </td> <td>Donlands and O'Connor </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Currently a recording studio.<sup id="cite_ref-DougTaylorGoldenAge_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DougTaylorGoldenAge-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Donlands_Cinema,_Toronto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Donlands_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG/150px-Donlands_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Donlands_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG/225px-Donlands_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Donlands_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG/300px-Donlands_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Don Mills </td> <td>Don Mills and Lawrence Ave (Don Mill Shopping Centre) </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Downtown Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Dundas </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>1972 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Current site of <a href="/wiki/Yonge-Dundas_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Yonge-Dundas Square">Yonge-Dundas Square</a>. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Downtown_Theatre_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Downtown_Theatre_Toronto.jpg/150px-Downtown_Theatre_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="224" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Downtown_Theatre_Toronto.jpg/225px-Downtown_Theatre_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Downtown_Theatre_Toronto.jpg/300px-Downtown_Theatre_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="1031" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Dufferin Drive-In </td> <td>Dufferin and Steeles </td> <td>1950 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eastwood Theatre </td> <td>1430 <a href="/wiki/Gerrard_Street_East" class="mw-redirect" title="Gerrard Street East">Gerrard Street East</a> (near Ashdale Avenue) </td> <td>1927 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Later was the Naaz<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and then the India Centre mall.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2015 it was heavily renovated and converted to apartments with retail on the ground floor.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Centre,_Former_Eastwood_Theatre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/India_Centre%2C_Former_Eastwood_Theatre.JPG/150px-India_Centre%2C_Former_Eastwood_Theatre.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/India_Centre%2C_Former_Eastwood_Theatre.JPG/225px-India_Centre%2C_Former_Eastwood_Theatre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/India_Centre%2C_Former_Eastwood_Theatre.JPG/300px-India_Centre%2C_Former_Eastwood_Theatre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eaton Centre Cineplex </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Eaton_Centre" title="Toronto Eaton Centre">Toronto Eaton Centre</a> </td> <td>1979 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>17-21 </td> <td>First venue in the <a href="/wiki/Cineplex_Entertainment" title="Cineplex Entertainment">Cineplex</a> chain. Originally known as "Cineplex 18", then expanded to "Cineplex 21", then four auditoriums were combined into one. Considered the world's first <a href="/wiki/Megaplex" class="mw-redirect" title="Megaplex">megaplex</a>. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Eclipse Theatre </td> <td>Cabbagetown </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eglinton_Theatre" title="Eglinton Theatre">Eglinton Theatre</a> </td> <td>Eglinton and Avenue Road </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Converted to an event venue. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eglinton_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Eglinton_Theatre.jpg/150px-Eglinton_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Eglinton_Theatre.jpg/225px-Eglinton_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Eglinton_Theatre.jpg/300px-Eglinton_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1280" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elane Theatre </td> <td>Eglinton and Danforth </td> <td>1963 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elgin_and_Winter_Garden_Theatres" title="Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres">Elgin Theatre</a> </td> <td>Queen and Yonge </td> <td>1913 </td> <td data-sort-value="1980">1980s </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Originally part of a twin live theatre, the <a href="/wiki/Elgin_and_Winter_Garden_Theatres" title="Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres">Elgin and Winter Garden Theatres</a>. When the upstairs Winter Garden closed in 1928, the lower theatre was converted to a cinema, which was known variously as Loew's, the Elgin, and the Yonge. It was then closed and both theatres were restored and are now theatre venues. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Winter_Garden,_Toronto_-_Great_Seats.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Winter_Garden%2C_Toronto_-_Great_Seats.jpg/150px-Winter_Garden%2C_Toronto_-_Great_Seats.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Winter_Garden%2C_Toronto_-_Great_Seats.jpg/225px-Winter_Garden%2C_Toronto_-_Great_Seats.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Winter_Garden%2C_Toronto_-_Great_Seats.jpg/300px-Winter_Garden%2C_Toronto_-_Great_Seats.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1333" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Famous Players Canada Square </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canada_Square_(Toronto)" title="Canada Square (Toronto)">Canada Square</a> </td> <td>1985 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">2021<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>8 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Finch </td> <td>Finch at Dufferin </td> <td> </td> <td>closed </td> <td>3 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fox_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Fox Theatre (Toronto)">Fox Theatre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Beaches,_Toronto" title="The Beaches, Toronto">The Beaches</a> </td> <td>1914 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Oldest theatre in continuous operation in Toronto. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fox_Theatre_Marquee.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fox_Theatre_Marquee.jpg/150px-Fox_Theatre_Marquee.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fox_Theatre_Marquee.jpg/225px-Fox_Theatre_Marquee.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Fox_Theatre_Marquee.jpg/300px-Fox_Theatre_Marquee.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Garden Theatre (later known as Elektra, Cinema Lumiere, Chang's) </td> <td>290 College St, near Spadina </td> <td>1916 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Opened as the Garden Theatre, so named because of its roof garden. It was a vaudeville venue before becoming the Garden Cinema in 1937.<sup id="cite_ref-tayloronhistory.com_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tayloronhistory.com-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1950, the second floor was converted into the Garden Billiard Academy and then in 1960 the New Garden Billaird Academy. The cinema on the first floor was renamed the Elektra in 1965, closing in 1969. The entire building served as a pool hall until 1972 when Cinema Lumiere, a repertory art cinema, opened and operated until 1980 when it became Chang's Theatre, a Chinese cinema featuring "Taiwanese porn with religious overtones". Chang's closed in 1983. 18 months later, the venue again became Cinema Lumiere in 1985, featuring art films, foreign and alternative films but closed again in 1986 when its roof collapsed during a rainstorm. The building later became a computer store and then a Home Hardware.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Gay Theatre </td> <td>Parliament and Dundas </td> <td>1950s </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Glendale Theatre </td> <td>Avenue Rd between Lawrence and Wilson </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1974 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Showed <a href="/wiki/Cinerama" title="Cinerama">Cinerama</a> features. Demolished. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Golden Classics </td> <td>Spadina and Queen </td> <td>1977 </td> <td data-sort-value="1990">1990s </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Chinese cinema. From 2010 to 2012 the building was home to the Toronto Underground Cinema. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Golden Mile Plaza Theatre </td> <td>Victoria Park and Eglinton </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Granada Theatre </td> <td>417 Danforth Avenue </td> <td> </td> <td>1960 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Grand Gerrard Theatre </td> <td>Jones and Gerrard </td> <td data-sort-value="1911">c1911<sup id="cite_ref-Insurance_Plan_of_Toronto_Vol._6_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Insurance_Plan_of_Toronto_Vol._6-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Converted from two houses to a theatre that in 1911 the theatre known as The Bonita has gone through many incarnations since the 1970s (Greek, Hong Kong, Bollywood, Tamil) before becoming an independent cinema hub devoted to art, schlock, indie and foreign programming from around the world. <p>Has also been known as The Wellington, Krishna Cinema, Sri Lakshmi and Gerrard Cinema before re-opening in 2011 as an art house cinema, the Projection Booth. In 2013 it briefly closed due to a falling out among its owners and then re-opened as The Big Picture with Jonathan Hlibka as sole proprietor but closed as of 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It reopened in April 2019 as The Grand Gerrard Theatre.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Griffin's Agnes St. Theatre </td> <td>72 Agnes St. (Dundas) </td> <td data-sort-value="1909">1909 </td> <td>Closed </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Griffin's Hippodrome </td> <td>219 Yonge St </td> <td data-sort-value="1907">1907 </td> <td>Closed </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Griffin's Majestic </td> <td>219 Yonge St </td> <td data-sort-value="1910">1910 </td> <td>Closed </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Grover Theatre </td> <td>Danforth and Main </td> <td data-sort-value="1920">Early 1920s </td> <td data-sort-value="1963">c1963 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Hollywood Theatre (Toronto)">Hollywood Theatre</a> </td> <td>Yonge and St. Clair </td> <td>1930 </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>The first theater built to show <i>"talkies"</i> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Hollywood_Theatre,_in_Toronto,_in_1945.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Hollywood_Theatre%2C_in_Toronto%2C_in_1945.png/150px-The_Hollywood_Theatre%2C_in_Toronto%2C_in_1945.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Hollywood_Theatre%2C_in_Toronto%2C_in_1945.png/225px-The_Hollywood_Theatre%2C_in_Toronto%2C_in_1945.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/The_Hollywood_Theatre%2C_in_Toronto%2C_in_1945.png/300px-The_Hollywood_Theatre%2C_in_Toronto%2C_in_1945.png 2x" data-file-width="1105" data-file-height="847" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema" title="Hot Docs Ted Rogers Cinema">Hot Docs Ted Rogers Cinema</a> </td> <td>Bathurst and Bloor </td> <td>1941 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Built in 1941 on the site of the Madison Theatre (1913), which was demolished in 1940. Known as the Midtown, Capri, Eden and Bloor Cinemas. Took the name Bloor when the old Bloor, now Lee's Palace, closed. Today, it is operated as the Hot Docs Ted Rogers Cinema, with documentary films predominantly featured, but also a host to other film festivals. Purchased by the <a href="/wiki/Hot_Docs_Canadian_International_Documentary_Festival" title="Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival">Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival</a> in 2016, using a $4 million gift from the <a href="/wiki/Edward_Samuel_Rogers#Philanthropy" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Samuel Rogers">Rogers Foundation</a>, and was rebranded as the Hot Docs Ted Rogers Cinema.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema.jpg/150px-Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema.jpg/225px-Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema.jpg/300px-Hot_Docs_Ted_Rogers_Cinema.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1994" data-file-height="3545" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Humber_Cinemas" title="Humber Cinemas">Humber Cinemas</a> </td> <td>Bloor St W at Jane St </td> <td>1948 </td> <td data-sort-value="9903">2019 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>One of the five original <a href="/wiki/Cineplex_Odeon_Corporation" title="Cineplex Odeon Corporation">Odeon</a> theaters built in Toronto. Closed in 2003 due to poor attendance. Reopened in April 2011 by Rui Pereira (owner of the Kingsway Cinema).<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Expanded from 2 to 4 cinemas in 2012. Permanently closed in May 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Humber_Cinemas_(with_sign).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Humber_Cinemas_%28with_sign%29.jpg/150px-Humber_Cinemas_%28with_sign%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Humber_Cinemas_%28with_sign%29.jpg/225px-Humber_Cinemas_%28with_sign%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Humber_Cinemas_%28with_sign%29.jpg/300px-Humber_Cinemas_%28with_sign%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3428" data-file-height="1980" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ed_Mirvish_Theatre" title="Ed Mirvish Theatre">Imperial</a> </td> <td>Yonge and Dundas </td> <td>1927 </td> <td>1988 </td> <td>1-6 </td> <td>Originally a single cinema and vaudeville house called the Pantages; renamed the Imperial in 1930 and exclusively a movie house; converted 1973 to the 6-screen Imperial Six; converted back to single-screen Pantages 1987; closed 1988 and eventually converted to become one of Toronto's main stage venues, first called the Pantages again, then the Canon, and now the Ed Mirvish Theatre. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Inside_the_canon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Inside_the_canon.jpg/150px-Inside_the_canon.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Inside_the_canon.jpg/225px-Inside_the_canon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Inside_the_canon.jpg/300px-Inside_the_canon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>International Cinema </td> <td>2061 Yonge St </td> <td data-sort-value="1933">c1933 </td> <td data-sort-value="1987">c1987 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Originally the Oriole. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Island Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Islands" title="Toronto Islands">Toronto Islands</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="1949">c.1949 </td> <td>1955 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Joy_Theatre" title="Joy Theatre">Joy Theatre</a> </td> <td>Queen and Jones </td> <td> </td> <td>Closed </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Today, a restaurant. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingsway Theatre </td> <td>Bloor St W at Royal York </td> <td>1939 </td> <td data-sort-value="9906">2006; 2009–present </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Today, running first run and recent releases.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.kingswaytheatre.com/">[1]</a> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingsway_Cinema.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kingsway_Cinema.JPG/150px-Kingsway_Cinema.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kingsway_Cinema.JPG/225px-Kingsway_Cinema.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Kingsway_Cinema.JPG/300px-Kingsway_Cinema.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lakeshore </td> <td>New Toronto </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Lansdowne Theatre </td> <td>Bloor and Lansdowne </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1958 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TIFF_Lightbox" title="TIFF Lightbox">Lightbox</a> </td> <td>King and John </td> <td>2010 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>5 </td> <td>Headquarters for the <a href="/wiki/Toronto_International_Film_Festival" title="Toronto International Film Festival">Toronto International Film Festival</a>. Plays retrospectives and series as part of <a href="/wiki/TIFF_Cinematheque" title="TIFF Cinematheque">TIFF Cinematheque</a>, along with new releases of independent, foreign, and Canadian films. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lightbox_2010-09-11_VIII.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lightbox_2010-09-11_VIII.JPG/150px-Lightbox_2010-09-11_VIII.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lightbox_2010-09-11_VIII.JPG/225px-Lightbox_2010-09-11_VIII.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Lightbox_2010-09-11_VIII.JPG/300px-Lightbox_2010-09-11_VIII.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="1952" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madison (1913) </td> <td>Bloor St W at Bathurst </td> <td>1913 </td> <td>1940 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Demolished in 1940 and replaced by Midtown Theatre (known today as Hot Docs) </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Madison </td> <td>4950 Yonge St., north of Sheppard </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Market Square </td> <td>Front and Jarvis </td> <td>1983 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>6 </td> <td>Opened as the Cineplex Odeon Market Square, now the Imagine Cinemas Market Square </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rainbow_Market_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rainbow_Market_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg/150px-Rainbow_Market_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rainbow_Market_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg/225px-Rainbow_Market_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Rainbow_Market_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg/300px-Rainbow_Market_Cinemas_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Metro_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Metro Theatre (Toronto)">Metro Theatre</a> </td> <td>Bloor and Christie </td> <td>1939 </td> <td>2013 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Has been an adult movie theatre since 1978; the last such cinema in Toronto. In August 2012 it was announced that the Metro would become home to the art schlock indie foreign cinematic model under the same management of Projection Booth. However, after a falling out among the owners, The Metro closed permanently in December 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto_Metro_Theatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Toronto_Metro_Theatre.jpg/150px-Toronto_Metro_Theatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Toronto_Metro_Theatre.jpg/225px-Toronto_Metro_Theatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Toronto_Metro_Theatre.jpg/300px-Toronto_Metro_Theatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4224" data-file-height="3168" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mount Pleasant Cinema </td> <td>Mount Pleasant and Eglinton </td> <td>1926 </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Opened in 1926 as the Hudson Theatre. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt_Pleasant_Cinema.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mt_Pleasant_Cinema.JPG/150px-Mt_Pleasant_Cinema.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mt_Pleasant_Cinema.JPG/225px-Mt_Pleasant_Cinema.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Mt_Pleasant_Cinema.JPG/300px-Mt_Pleasant_Cinema.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>New Yorker Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Bloor </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>unknown </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Opened as the Victoria in 1919. Demolished, but some of the facade used in the Panasonic Theatre on the site. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Northeast Drive-In Theatre </td> <td>Sheppard Avenue East and Victoria Park </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1976<sup id="cite_ref-drive_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drive-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>North West Drive-In Theatre </td> <td>Dixon Road and Highway 401<sup id="cite_ref-drive_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-drive-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>1977<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Nortown </td> <td>875 Eglinton Av W at Bathurst </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>1974 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Odeon </td> <td>1558 Queen St. W near Queen and Lansdowne<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1919 </td> <td>1968 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Not connected to the Odeon chain. Now a F45 gym. </td> <td><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Odeon_Theatre,_No._1558_Queen_Street_West_(4499956713).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Odeon_Theatre%2C_No._1558_Queen_Street_West_%284499956713%29.jpg/150px-Odeon_Theatre%2C_No._1558_Queen_Street_West_%284499956713%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Odeon_Theatre%2C_No._1558_Queen_Street_West_%284499956713%29.jpg/225px-Odeon_Theatre%2C_No._1558_Queen_Street_West_%284499956713%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Odeon_Theatre%2C_No._1558_Queen_Street_West_%284499956713%29.jpg/300px-Odeon_Theatre%2C_No._1558_Queen_Street_West_%284499956713%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="1062" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Odeon_Theatre_Toronto" title="Odeon Theatre Toronto">Odeon Carlton</a> </td> <td>Yonge and Carlton </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1973 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Demolished. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Odeon_Cinema_Carlton_Street_Toronto_1972.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Odeon_Cinema_Carlton_Street_Toronto_1972.jpg/150px-Odeon_Cinema_Carlton_Street_Toronto_1972.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Odeon_Cinema_Carlton_Street_Toronto_1972.jpg/225px-Odeon_Cinema_Carlton_Street_Toronto_1972.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Odeon_Cinema_Carlton_Street_Toronto_1972.jpg/300px-Odeon_Cinema_Carlton_Street_Toronto_1972.jpg 2x" data-file-width="672" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Odeon Danforth </td> <td>Pape and Danforth </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>unknown </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Now a fitness centre. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Odeon Fairlawn </td> <td>Yonge and Lawrence </td> <td>1947 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Demolished. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Odeon Hyland </td> <td>Yonge and St. Clair </td> <td>1948 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Demolished. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Odeon York </td> <td>Yonge and Eglinton </td> <td>1969 </td> <td>2001<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Closed due to a court decision about accessibility. Became an event venue, then a fitness club, then a condo sales center, then demolished 2012. </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cinesphere" title="Cinesphere">Ontario Place Cinesphere</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Place" title="Ontario Place">Ontario Place</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td data-sort-value="9912">2012 – closed as part of government decision to close Ontario place. Reopened 2017–present. </td> <td>1 </td> <td>The world's first permanent IMAX theatre. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg/150px-OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg/225px-OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg/300px-OntarioPlaceCinesphere.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3072" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Opera_House_(Toronto)" title="The Opera House (Toronto)">Opera House</a> </td> <td>Queen and Broadview </td> <td>1909 </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Today, a music venue. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Opera_House,_Toronto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Opera_House%2C_Toronto.JPG/150px-Opera_House%2C_Toronto.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Opera_House%2C_Toronto.JPG/225px-Opera_House%2C_Toronto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Opera_House%2C_Toronto.JPG/300px-Opera_House%2C_Toronto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Orpheum Theatre </td> <td>Queen and Bathurst </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Oxford Theatre </td> <td>Danforth and Coxwell </td> <td>1928 (renovated May 1937) </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Palace Theatre </td> <td>Danforth and Pape </td> <td>1924 </td> <td>1987 </td> <td>3 </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:DanforthPapeNECorner1927.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/DanforthPapeNECorner1927.jpg/150px-DanforthPapeNECorner1927.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/DanforthPapeNECorner1927.jpg/225px-DanforthPapeNECorner1927.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/DanforthPapeNECorner1927.jpg/300px-DanforthPapeNECorner1927.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="672" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Paradise_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Paradise Theatre (Toronto)">Paradise Theatre</a> </td> <td>Bloor and Dovercourt </td> <td>1937<sup id="cite_ref-Paradise_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paradise-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>present </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Built on the location of the 1910 Bloor Palace (renamed The Kitchener in 1918). Reopened in late 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-Paradise_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paradise-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paradise_Theatre,_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Paradise_Theatre%2C_Toronto.jpg/150px-Paradise_Theatre%2C_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Paradise_Theatre%2C_Toronto.jpg/225px-Paradise_Theatre%2C_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Paradise_Theatre%2C_Toronto.jpg/300px-Paradise_Theatre%2C_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Park Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Lawrence </td> <td>1921 </td> <td>1984 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Opened as the Bedford Theatre. Renamed Park Theatre in 1949. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parkdale Theatre </td> <td>Queen St W at Roncesvalles </td> <td>1924 </td> <td>1970 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Building still exists and is used as an antique furniture market. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parkway Drive-in </td> <td>Woodbine and Steeles </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Parliament Theatre </td> <td>Parliament and Gerrard </td> <td>1929 </td> <td>1963 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Pickford Theatre </td> <td>Queen and Spadina </td> <td>1910 </td> <td>1940s </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Opened as the Auditorium in 1908. Was renamed the Avenue Theatre in 1913. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Auditorium_Theatre_in_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Auditorium_Theatre_in_Toronto.jpg/150px-Auditorium_Theatre_in_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Auditorium_Theatre_in_Toronto.jpg/225px-Auditorium_Theatre_in_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Auditorium_Theatre_in_Toronto.jpg/300px-Auditorium_Theatre_in_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="819" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Plaza Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hudson%27s_Bay_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudson&#39;s Bay Centre">Hudson's Bay Centre</a> </td> <td>1976 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>2 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Prince of Wales Theatre </td> <td>Danforth and Woodbine </td> <td>1927 </td> <td>1966 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Radio City </td> <td>Bathurst and St. Clair </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1975 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Red Mill </td> <td>Yonge and Queen </td> <td>1906 </td> <td>unknown </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Toronto's first "permanent" movie theatre. Originally named the Theatorium. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CrowdsinfrontofYongeStreettheatre.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CrowdsinfrontofYongeStreettheatre.jpg/150px-CrowdsinfrontofYongeStreettheatre.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CrowdsinfrontofYongeStreettheatre.jpg/225px-CrowdsinfrontofYongeStreettheatre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/CrowdsinfrontofYongeStreettheatre.jpg/300px-CrowdsinfrontofYongeStreettheatre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="813" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Regent Theatre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Davisville_Village" title="Davisville Village">Davisville</a> </td> <td>1927 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Formerly the Crest. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Regent_Cinema,_Toronto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Regent_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG/150px-Regent_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Regent_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG/225px-Regent_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Regent_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG/300px-Regent_Cinema%2C_Toronto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Revue_Cinema" title="Revue Cinema">Revue Cinema</a> </td> <td>Roncesvalles </td> <td>1912 </td> <td data-sort-value="9906">present </td> <td>1 </td> <td>The Revue is the oldest purpose-built movie theatre presently operating in Toronto. The Revue operated continuously from 1912 to 2006. It re-opened in 2007 under new ownership and is managed by a non-profit organization. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Revue-cinema-2007-10-18.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Revue-cinema-2007-10-18.jpg/150px-Revue-cinema-2007-10-18.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Revue-cinema-2007-10-18.jpg/225px-Revue-cinema-2007-10-18.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Revue-cinema-2007-10-18.jpg/300px-Revue-cinema-2007-10-18.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rialto Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Shuter </td> <td data-sort-value="1901">Early 20th century </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rialto_Theatre,_southeast_corner_of_Yonge_and_Shuter_streets.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rialto_Theatre%2C_southeast_corner_of_Yonge_and_Shuter_streets.jpg/150px-Rialto_Theatre%2C_southeast_corner_of_Yonge_and_Shuter_streets.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rialto_Theatre%2C_southeast_corner_of_Yonge_and_Shuter_streets.jpg/225px-Rialto_Theatre%2C_southeast_corner_of_Yonge_and_Shuter_streets.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Rialto_Theatre%2C_southeast_corner_of_Yonge_and_Shuter_streets.jpg/300px-Rialto_Theatre%2C_southeast_corner_of_Yonge_and_Shuter_streets.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1043" data-file-height="717" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rio Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Gerrard </td> <td>1913 </td> <td>1991 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Opened as The Big Nickel Theatre in 1913. By 1922 it had been renamed National Theatre and was renamed Rio Theatre in 1943 serving as a <a href="/wiki/Grindhouse" title="Grindhouse">grindhouse</a> until it closed in 1991. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Robinson's Musee Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Adelaide (91-93 Yonge Street) </td> <td>1890 </td> <td>1905 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Originally a curio museum, this hall was the site of the first screening of a motion picture in Toronto on August 31, 1896.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On the second floor, it had a curio shop and waxworks, and the roof had an animal menagerie. It changed hands several times, was renamed the Bijou<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was the first site of Shea's Theatre. Destroyed by fire in 1905. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Roxy_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Roxy Theatre (Toronto)">Roxy Theatre</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/The_Danforth" class="mw-redirect" title="The Danforth">The Danforth</a> </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>2006 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Opened as the Allenby Theatre. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Avalon_Theatre,_Toronto.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Avalon_Theatre%2C_Toronto.JPG/150px-Avalon_Theatre%2C_Toronto.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Avalon_Theatre%2C_Toronto.JPG/225px-Avalon_Theatre%2C_Toronto.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Avalon_Theatre%2C_Toronto.JPG/300px-Avalon_Theatre%2C_Toronto.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Alexandra_Theatre" title="Royal Alexandra Theatre">Royal Alexandra Theatre</a> </td> <td>Theatre District </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Major performing arts venue that also served for a time as a cinema. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyalAlex1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RoyalAlex1.jpg/150px-RoyalAlex1.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RoyalAlex1.jpg/225px-RoyalAlex1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2b/RoyalAlex1.jpg/300px-RoyalAlex1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="839" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Royal_Cinema" title="Royal Cinema">Royal Cinema</a> </td> <td>College Street between Grace and Clinton </td> <td>1939 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Royal_Cinema.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Royal_Cinema.jpg/150px-The_Royal_Cinema.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Royal_Cinema.jpg/225px-The_Royal_Cinema.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/The_Royal_Cinema.jpg/300px-The_Royal_Cinema.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1695" data-file-height="3013" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Runnymede_Theatre" title="Runnymede Theatre">Runnymede Theatre</a> </td> <td>Bloor St W at Runnymede </td> <td>1927 </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Converted first to a Chapters book store, then to a Shoppers Drug Mart, it retains most of the original interior decoration. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Runnymede_Theatre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Runnymede_Theatre.JPG/150px-Runnymede_Theatre.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Runnymede_Theatre.JPG/225px-Runnymede_Theatre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Runnymede_Theatre.JPG/300px-Runnymede_Theatre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scarboro </td> <td>960 Kingston Road at Victoria Park </td> <td>1936 </td> <td>1967 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Was for a time a pool hall and then a sports bar. Today, rebuilt as condos.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scarboro Drive-In Theatre </td> <td>Kennedy Road at Ranstone Gardens (south of Lawrence Avenue East) </td> <td>1952 </td> <td data-sort-value="1979">late 1970s </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Claimed to have the biggest screen in Canada. Included a "kiddieland". Now the site of Jack Goodlad Park and community centre.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Scotiabank_Theatre_Toronto" title="Scotiabank Theatre Toronto">Scotiabank Theatre Toronto</a> </td> <td>John and Richmond </td> <td>1999 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>14 </td> <td>Originally named the Paramount. Features a bar and arcade. Licensed for beer in cinema. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RioCan_Hall.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/RioCan_Hall.jpg/150px-RioCan_Hall.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/RioCan_Hall.jpg/225px-RioCan_Hall.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/RioCan_Hall.jpg/300px-RioCan_Hall.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2337" data-file-height="3581" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>The Screening Room </td> <td>Bloor St W at Royal York </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Was located above the Kingsway Theatre and earlier was called the Kingsway 2. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Shea%27s_Hippodrome" title="Shea&#39;s Hippodrome">Shea's Hippodrome</a> </td> <td>Queen and Bay </td> <td>1909 </td> <td>1954 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Former vaudeville theatre that became one of Canada's largest cinemas. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Shea%27s_Hippodrome.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Shea%27s_Hippodrome.jpg/150px-Shea%27s_Hippodrome.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Shea%27s_Hippodrome.jpg/225px-Shea%27s_Hippodrome.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Shea%27s_Hippodrome.jpg/300px-Shea%27s_Hippodrome.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="1509" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sheraton Centre </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sheraton_Centre_Toronto_Hotel" title="Sheraton Centre Toronto Hotel">Sheraton Centre</a> </td> <td>1974 </td> <td>1990s </td> <td>2 </td> <td>Designed as a first-run theatre by Toronto-based architectural firm Searle, Wilbee, Rowland. Seating was provided for 682 &amp; 344. Was a live cabaret venue for a short period. Now used as conference rooms. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Sherway Cinemas </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sherway_Gardens" title="Sherway Gardens">Sherway Gardens</a> </td> <td>1971 </td> <td>2001 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>Replaced by Queensway in 2001. Now a Sears store. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SilverCity Fairview </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Fairview_Mall" title="Fairview Mall">Fairview Mall</a> </td> <td>1970 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>9 </td> <td>Originally Cineplex Odeon Fairview, became Rainbow Cinemas Willowdale from 1988 to 2008 with 8 screens. The theatre features a Screening Room and Lounge. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SilverCity Yonge-Eglinton </td> <td>Yonge and Eglinton </td> <td>1998<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>9 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SilverCity Yorkdale </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Yorkdale_Shopping_Centre" title="Yorkdale Shopping Centre">Yorkdale Shopping Centre</a> </td> <td>1963 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>3?-10 </td> <td>First shopping mall cinema in Canada. Rebuilt 1999 at a new location in the mall. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Skyway 6 Cinemas </td> <td>Airport Road </td> <td>1980 </td> <td>1999 </td> <td>6 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Standard_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Standard Theatre (Toronto)">Standard Theatre</a> </td> <td>Spadina and Dundas </td> <td>1921 </td> <td>1994 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Began as a Yiddish live theatre, becoming a cinema in the mid-1930s first as the Strand, then as the Victory. Was a live burlesque theatre from 1959 until the mid-1970s. As the Mandarin and the Golden Harvest was a Chinese-language cinema from the late-1970s until it closed. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dundas_and_Spadina.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dundas_and_Spadina.jpg/150px-Dundas_and_Spadina.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dundas_and_Spadina.jpg/225px-Dundas_and_Spadina.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Dundas_and_Spadina.jpg/300px-Dundas_and_Spadina.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Stanford Theatre </td> <td>Queen and Spadina </td> <td data-sort-value="1901">Early 20th century </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stanford_Theatre_at_482_Queen_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Stanford_Theatre_at_482_Queen_Street.jpg/150px-Stanford_Theatre_at_482_Queen_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Stanford_Theatre_at_482_Queen_Street.jpg/225px-Stanford_Theatre_at_482_Queen_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Stanford_Theatre_at_482_Queen_Street.jpg/300px-Stanford_Theatre_at_482_Queen_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1032" data-file-height="820" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Teck Theatre </td> <td>Queen and Broadview </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tivoli Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Richmond </td> <td> </td> <td>1965 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Site of the first talking film in Toronto in 1928. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tivoli_Theatre_(4499956837).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tivoli_Theatre_%284499956837%29.jpg/150px-Tivoli_Theatre_%284499956837%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tivoli_Theatre_%284499956837%29.jpg/225px-Tivoli_Theatre_%284499956837%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Tivoli_Theatre_%284499956837%29.jpg/300px-Tivoli_Theatre_%284499956837%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="851" data-file-height="1066" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Towne Cinema </td> <td>Yonge and Bloor </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>1985 </td> <td>1 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Underground Cinema </td> <td>Spadina and Queen </td> <td>2010 </td> <td>2012<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>Repertory cinema opened in what was formerly the Golden Classics venue. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/University_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="University Theatre (Toronto)">University Theatre</a> </td> <td>100 Bloor Street West </td> <td>1949 </td> <td>1986 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>For a time the largest cinema in Canada. Demolished except for the facade, which was incorporated into a store. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:University_Theatre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/University_Theatre.JPG/150px-University_Theatre.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/University_Theatre.JPG/225px-University_Theatre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/University_Theatre.JPG/300px-University_Theatre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1818" data-file-height="1533" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Uptown_Theatre_(Toronto)" title="Uptown Theatre (Toronto)">Uptown Theatre</a> </td> <td>Yonge and Bloor </td> <td>1920 </td> <td>2003 </td> <td>3-5 </td> <td>Originally the single-screen Loew's Uptown Theatre. Converted into one of the world's first <a href="/wiki/Multiplex_(movie_theater)" title="Multiplex (movie theater)">multiplexes</a>. At that time the Backstage Theatre, then called the Uptown Backstage, was considered part of it. Eventually closed due to a court decision on accessibility, and demolished. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Uptown_Theatre_Yonge_and_Bloor_Streets_1971_Toronto.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Uptown_Theatre_Yonge_and_Bloor_Streets_1971_Toronto.jpg/150px-Uptown_Theatre_Yonge_and_Bloor_Streets_1971_Toronto.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Uptown_Theatre_Yonge_and_Bloor_Streets_1971_Toronto.jpg/225px-Uptown_Theatre_Yonge_and_Bloor_Streets_1971_Toronto.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/db/Uptown_Theatre_Yonge_and_Bloor_Streets_1971_Toronto.jpg/300px-Uptown_Theatre_Yonge_and_Bloor_Streets_1971_Toronto.jpg 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="1034" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Victory (see Standard Theatre, above) </td> <td>Northeast corner of Spadina and Dundas </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Warden Woods </td> <td>725 Warden Ave at St. Clair </td> <td> </td> <td>Closed </td> <td>multiple </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Westwood_Theatre" title="Westwood Theatre">Westwood Theatre</a> </td> <td>Bloor and Kipling </td> <td>1951 </td> <td>1998 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Demolished. </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Westwood_Cinema.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Westwood_Cinema.JPG/150px-Westwood_Cinema.JPG" decoding="async" width="150" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Westwood_Cinema.JPG/225px-Westwood_Cinema.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Westwood_Cinema.JPG/300px-Westwood_Cinema.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1859" data-file-height="1107" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Willow Theatre </td> <td>Yonge and Ellerslie </td> <td>1950s </td> <td>1987 </td> <td> </td> <td>Demolished; site is now a condominium. </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Woodside Cinemas </td> <td>McCowan and Finch </td> <td>1977 </td> <td data-sort-value="9999">present </td> <td>3 </td> <td>Currently shows Hindi, Tamil, and Punjabi films. </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cinemas_in_Toronto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/25px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/37px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg/50px-Maple_Leaf_%28from_roundel%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="343" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Canada" title="Portal:Canada">Canada portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Ottawa-Gatineau_cinemas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Ottawa-Gatineau cinemas">List of Ottawa-Gatineau cinemas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cinemas_in_Toronto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xtra.ca/blog/national/post/2010/02/18/Torontos-Carlton-Cinema-to-re-open-in-June.aspx">"Toronto's Carlton Cinema to re-open in June"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120924203404/http://www.xtra.ca/blog/national/post/2010/02/18/Torontos-Carlton-Cinema-to-re-open-in-June.aspx">Archived</a> 2012-09-24 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Xtra!" class="mw-redirect" title="Xtra!">Xtra!</a></i>, February 18, 2010.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Humber+Cinemas%27+last+picture+show+is+Thursday+as+condo+projects+claim+another+landmark&amp;rft.pub=Toronto+Star&amp;rft.date=2019-05-30&amp;rft.au=Peter+Howell&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fopinion%2F2019%2F05%2F30%2Fhumber-cinemas-last-picture-show-is-thursday-as-condo-projects-claim-another-landmark.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGale2012" class="citation news cs1">Gale, Kimberly (Aug 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/toronto-s-last-porn-theatre-goes-back-to-its-roots-1.1268906">"Toronto's last porn theatre goes back to its roots"</a>. <i>CBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBC&amp;rft.atitle=Toronto%27s+last+porn+theatre+goes+back+to+its+roots&amp;rft.date=2012-08-15&amp;rft.aulast=Gale&amp;rft.aufirst=Kimberly&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Ftoronto-s-last-porn-theatre-goes-back-to-its-roots-1.1268906&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/metro-theatre-closes-ending-an-era-of-porn-cinema-in-koreatown-1.2470796?cmp=rss">"Metro Theatre closes, ending an era of porn cinema in Koreatown"</a>. <i>CBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=CBC+News&amp;rft.atitle=Metro+Theatre+closes%2C+ending+an+era+of+porn+cinema+in+Koreatown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fcanada%2Ftoronto%2Fmetro-theatre-closes-ending-an-era-of-porn-cinema-in-koreatown-1.2470796%3Fcmp%3Drss&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-drive-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-drive_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-drive_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/autos/2015/11/27/toronto-drive-in-theatres-the-show-starts-at-dusk.html">"Toronto Drive-In Theatres: the show starts at dusk - The Star"</a>. <i>thestar.com</i>. 27 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=thestar.com&amp;rft.atitle=Toronto+Drive-In+Theatres%3A+the+show+starts+at+dusk+-+The+Star&amp;rft.date=2015-11-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fautos%2F2015%2F11%2F27%2Ftoronto-drive-in-theatres-the-show-starts-at-dusk.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://drive-ins.com/theater/xxtnorw/north-west-drive-in-toronto-on#.V4qBPvkrLIU">"North West Drive-In, Toronto, ON, Canada - Facts &amp; Highlights"</a>. <i>drive-ins.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=drive-ins.com&amp;rft.atitle=North+West+Drive-In%2C+Toronto%2C+ON%2C+Canada+-+Facts+%26+Highlights&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdrive-ins.com%2Ftheater%2Fxxtnorw%2Fnorth-west-drive-in-toronto-on%23.V4qBPvkrLIU&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.imagearts.ryerson.ca/ecfo/events.htm">"Early Cinema Filmography of Ontario (ECFO) - Events &amp; Conferences"</a>. <i>www.imagearts.ryerson.ca</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.imagearts.ryerson.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Early+Cinema+Filmography+of+Ontario+%28ECFO%29+-+Events+%26+Conferences&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.imagearts.ryerson.ca%2Fecfo%2Fevents.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://torontoist.com/2011/12/vintage-toronto-ads-coming-christmas-day%e2%80%94the-odeon-york/">"Vintage Toronto Ads: Coming Christmas Day—The Odeon York!"</a>. <i>Torontoist</i>. December 20, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Torontoist&amp;rft.atitle=Vintage+Toronto+Ads%3A+Coming+Christmas+Day%E2%80%94The+Odeon+York%21&amp;rft.date=2011-12-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftorontoist.com%2F2011%2F12%2Fvintage-toronto-ads-coming-christmas-day%25e2%2580%2594the-odeon-york%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paradise-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Paradise_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Paradise_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://paradiseonbloor.com/about">"About Paradise"</a>. <i>Paradise Theatre</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 October</span> 2019</span>. <q>In 1910, the "one-storey brick theatorium" Bloor Palace is built on the corner of Bloor and Westmoreland. The venue is renamed The Kitchener in 1918 ... Paradise Theatre is born in 1937, built in the Art Deco and Art Moderne styles under the direction of one of Toronto's earliest practising Jewish architects, Benjamin Brown. The new venue had 643 seats ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Paradise+Theatre&amp;rft.atitle=About+Paradise&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fparadiseonbloor.com%2Fabout&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tayloronhistory.com/2013/03/13/torontos-first-movie-screening-and-first-movie-theatre/">"Toronto's first movie screening and first movie theatre"</a>. March 13, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Toronto%27s+first+movie+screening+and+first+movie+theatre&amp;rft.date=2013-03-13&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftayloronhistory.com%2F2013%2F03%2F13%2Ftorontos-first-movie-screening-and-first-movie-theatre%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blogto.com/film/2013/08/that_time_when_the_movies_came_to_toronto/">"That time when the movies came to Toronto"</a>. <i>www.blogto.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.blogto.com&amp;rft.atitle=That+time+when+the+movies+came+to+Toronto&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blogto.com%2Ffilm%2F2013%2F08%2Fthat_time_when_the_movies_came_to_toronto%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.beachmetro.com/2014/09/09/golden-age-movie-houses/">"The Golden Age of movie houses"</a>. 9 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+Golden+Age+of+movie+houses&amp;rft.date=2014-09-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.beachmetro.com%2F2014%2F09%2F09%2Fgolden-age-movie-houses%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/24726">"Scarboro Drive-In in Scarborough, CA - Cinema Treasures"</a>. <i>cinematreasures.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=cinematreasures.org&amp;rft.atitle=Scarboro+Drive-In+in+Scarborough%2C+CA+-+Cinema+Treasures&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcinematreasures.org%2Ftheaters%2F24726&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Indigo bookstore advertisement". <i>Globe and Mail</i>. 1998-11-07. p.&#160;D11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Globe+and+Mail&amp;rft.atitle=Indigo+bookstore+advertisement&amp;rft.pages=D11&amp;rft.date=1998-11-07&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnny_Larocque2012" class="citation web cs1">Johnny Larocque (August 16, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.blogto.com/film/2012/08/toronto_underground_cinema_to_close/">"Toronto Underground Cinema to close"</a>. blogTO<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 16,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Toronto+Underground+Cinema+to+close&amp;rft.pub=blogTO&amp;rft.date=2012-08-16&amp;rft.au=Johnny+Larocque&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.blogto.com%2Ffilm%2F2012%2F08%2Ftoronto_underground_cinema_to_close%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+cinemas+in+Toronto" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_cinemas_in_Toronto&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinematreasures.org/location/country=31&amp;state=69&amp;sort=location&amp;show=all">Cinema Treasures</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Toronto" title="Template:Toronto"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Toronto" title="Template talk:Toronto"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Toronto" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Toronto"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="City_of_Toronto" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">City of Toronto</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Features</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Toronto" title="Outline of Toronto">General outline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto" title="Demographics of Toronto">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Toronto" title="Name of Toronto">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Toronto" title="Flag of Toronto">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Toronto" title="Coat of arms of Toronto">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sister_cities_of_Toronto" title="Sister cities of Toronto">Sister cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Toronto" title="List of people from Toronto">Notable Torontonians</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto,_City_of.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of Toronto"><img alt="Logo of Toronto" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toronto%2C_City_of.svg/60px-Toronto%2C_City_of.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toronto%2C_City_of.svg/90px-Toronto%2C_City_of.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toronto%2C_City_of.svg/120px-Toronto%2C_City_of.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="165" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Toronto" title="History of Toronto">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_oldest_buildings_and_structures_in_Toronto" title="List of oldest buildings and structures in Toronto">Oldest buildings</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_buildings_and_structures_in_Toronto" title="List of lost buildings and structures in Toronto">Lost</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Sites_of_Canada_in_Toronto" title="List of National Historic Sites of Canada in Toronto">National Historic Sites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Toronto_history" title="Timeline of Toronto history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:TorontoMunicipalities" title="Template:TorontoMunicipalities">Former municipalities</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Before<br />1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teiaiagon" title="Teiaiagon">Teiaiagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Carrying-Place_Trail" title="Toronto Carrying-Place Trail">Toronto Carrying-Place Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Rouill%C3%A9" title="Fort Rouillé">Fort Rouillé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Purchase" title="Toronto Purchase">Toronto Purchase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_York" title="Fort York">Fort York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York,_Upper_Canada" title="York, Upper Canada">York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_York" title="Battle of York">Battle of York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Montgomery%27s_Tavern" title="Battle of Montgomery&#39;s Tavern">Battle of Montgomery's Tavern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Toronto_(1849)" title="Great Fire of Toronto (1849)">Great Fire of 1849</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Order_in_Canada" title="Orange Order in Canada">Orange Order ascendency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Toronto_(1904)" title="Great Fire of Toronto (1904)">Great Fire of 1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_Toronto_anti-Greek_riot" title="1918 Toronto anti-Greek riot">1918 anti-Greek riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christie_Pits_riot" title="Christie Pits riot">Christie Pits riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_of_the_City_of_Toronto" title="Centennial of the City of Toronto">Centennial of the City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Toronto" title="Metropolitan Toronto">Metro Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Hazel" title="Hurricane Hazel">Hurricane Hazel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_Hurricane_Hazel_in_Canada" title="Effects of Hurricane Hazel in Canada">effects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancelled_expressways_in_Toronto" title="Cancelled expressways in Toronto">Cancelled expressways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Board_of_Control" title="Toronto Board of Control">Board of Control</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto#1967_merger" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">First Amalgamation of Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Since <br />1998</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amalgamation_of_Toronto#1998_amalgamation" title="Amalgamation of Toronto">Second Amalgamation of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_Etobicoke_gas_explosion" title="2003 Etobicoke gas explosion">2003 Etobicoke gas explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northeast_blackout_of_2003" title="Northeast blackout of 2003">Northeast blackout of 2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_propane_explosion" title="Toronto propane explosion">2008 propane explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit">2010 G20 Toronto summit</a> and <a href="/wiki/2010_G20_Toronto_summit_protests" title="2010 G20 Toronto summit protests">associated protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danzig_Street_shooting" title="Danzig Street shooting">Danzig Street shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Rob_Ford_crack_video_scandal" title="Timeline of Rob Ford crack video scandal">Rob Ford video scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Pan_American_Games" title="2015 Pan American Games">2015 Pan American Games</a>/<a href="/wiki/2015_Parapan_American_Games" title="2015 Parapan American Games">Parapan American Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Toronto_van_attack" title="2018 Toronto van attack">2018 van attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Toronto_shooting" title="2018 Toronto shooting">2018 mass shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Toronto_machete_attack" title="2020 Toronto machete attack">2020 machete attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Toronto" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Toronto">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Ken_Lee" title="Killing of Ken Lee">Ken Lee's stabbing of December 2022</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Toronto" title="Geography of Toronto">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Toronto_Area" title="Greater Toronto Area">Greater Toronto Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horseshoe" title="Golden Horseshoe">Golden Horseshoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Peninsula" title="Ontario Peninsula">Ontario Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes_megalopolis" title="Great Lakes megalopolis">Great Lakes megalopolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" title="List of neighbourhoods in Toronto">Neighbourhoods</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Toronto_neighbourhoods" title="Demographics of Toronto neighbourhoods">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_neighbourhoods_in_Toronto" title="History of neighbourhoods in Toronto">History</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downtown_Toronto" title="Downtown Toronto">Downtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Harbour" title="Toronto Harbour">Harbour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Islands" title="Toronto Islands">Toronto Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Street_Spit" title="Leslie Street Spit">Leslie Street Spit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ookwemin_Minising" title="Ookwemin Minising">Ookwemin Minising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scarborough_Bluffs" title="Scarborough Bluffs">Scarborough Bluffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_waterfront" title="Toronto waterfront">Waterfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_waterway_system" title="Toronto waterway system">Waterways</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Don_River_(Ontario)" title="Don River (Ontario)">Don River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_River_(Ontario)" title="Humber River (Ontario)">Humber River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouge_River_(Ontario)" title="Rouge River (Ontario)">Rouge River</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_parks_in_Toronto" title="List of parks in Toronto">Parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_ravine_system" title="Toronto ravine system">Ravines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_Toronto" title="Fauna of Toronto">Fauna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_trees_in_Toronto" title="Native trees in Toronto">Native trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Toronto" title="Economy of Toronto">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bay_Street" title="Bay Street">Bay Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Toronto" title="Financial District, Toronto">Financial District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotels_in_Toronto" title="Hotels in Toronto">Hotels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Toronto" title="List of tallest buildings in Toronto">Skyscrapers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Toronto" title="Tourism in Toronto">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Region_Board_of_Trade" title="Toronto Region Board of Trade">Toronto Region Board of Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Stock_Exchange" title="Toronto Stock Exchange">Toronto Stock Exchange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Toronto" title="Politics of Toronto">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Toronto_Act" title="City of Toronto Act">City of Toronto Act</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Council" title="Toronto City Council">City Council</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_Toronto_City_Council" title="Speaker of Toronto City Council">Speaker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_City_Hall" title="Toronto City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_municipal_elections" title="List of Toronto municipal elections">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Mayor of Toronto">Mayor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayors_of_Toronto" title="List of mayors of Toronto">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Mayor_of_Toronto" title="Deputy Mayor of Toronto">Deputy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_government_of_Toronto" title="Municipal government of Toronto">Municipal government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_services_in_Toronto" title="Public services in Toronto">Public services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Fire_Services" title="Toronto Fire Services">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Toronto" title="Health in Toronto">Health</a> and <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Public_Health" title="Toronto Public Health">Toronto Public Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Toronto" title="List of hospitals in Toronto">Hospitals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Paramedic_Services" title="Toronto Paramedic Services">Paramedic Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Parks,_Forestry_and_Recreation_Division" title="Toronto Parks, Forestry and Recreation Division">Parks, Forestry &amp; Recreation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_recreation_centres" title="List of Toronto recreation centres">Recreation Centres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Police_Service" title="Toronto Police Service">Police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Solid_Waste_Management" title="Toronto Solid Waste Management">Solid Waste Management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Water" title="Toronto Water">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Works_and_Emergency_Services" title="Toronto Works and Emergency Services">Works and Emergency Services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Toronto" title="Education in Toronto">Education</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary/secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_District_School_Board" title="Toronto District School Board">Toronto District School Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Catholic_District_School_Board" title="Toronto Catholic District School Board">Toronto Catholic District School Board</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_Viamonde" title="Conseil scolaire Viamonde">Conseil scolaire Viamonde</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Conseil_scolaire_catholique_MonAvenir" title="Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir">Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Centennial_College_(Canada)" title="Centennial College (Canada)">Centennial College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_Bor%C3%A9al" title="Collège Boréal">Collège Boréal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Brown_College" title="George Brown College">George Brown College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humber_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Humber College">Humber College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCAD_University" title="OCAD University">OCAD University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Seneca College">Seneca College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Metropolitan_University" title="Toronto Metropolitan University">Toronto Metropolitan University</a> (formerly Ryerson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyndale_University" title="Tyndale University">Tyndale University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universit%C3%A9_de_l%27Ontario_fran%C3%A7ais" title="Université de l&#39;Ontario français">Université de l'Ontario français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Guelph-Humber" title="University of Guelph-Humber">University of Guelph-Humber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto" title="University of Toronto">University of Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_University" title="York University">York University</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Libraries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Public_Library" title="Toronto Public Library">Toronto Public Library</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Toronto_Public_Library_branches" title="List of Toronto Public Library branches">List of branches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Reference_Library" title="Toronto Reference Library">Toronto Reference Library</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Tool_Library" title="Toronto Tool Library">Toronto Tool Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Culture_in_Toronto" title="Culture in Toronto">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annual_events_in_Toronto" title="Annual events in Toronto">Annual events</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_events_in_Toronto" title="List of Asian events in Toronto">Asian events in Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_of_Toronto" title="Architecture of Toronto">Architecture</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cinemas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_in_Toronto" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuisine in Toronto">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fiction_set_in_Toronto" title="List of fiction set in Toronto">Fiction set in Toronto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_set_in_Toronto" title="List of films set in Toronto">Films set in Toronto</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Let%27s_All_Hate_Toronto" title="Let&#39;s All Hate Toronto">Let's All Hate Toronto</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_North" title="Hollywood North">Hollywood North</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Toronto" title="List of films shot in Toronto">Films shot in Toronto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Toronto_landmarks" title="Template:Toronto landmarks">Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Toronto" title="Media in Toronto">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_music_venues_in_Toronto" title="List of music venues in Toronto">Music venues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Religious_buildings_and_structures" title="Category:Religious buildings and structures">Places of worship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Churches_in_Toronto" title="Category:Churches in Toronto">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Synagogues_in_Toronto" title="Category:Synagogues in Toronto">Synagogues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shopping_malls_in_Toronto" title="List of shopping malls in Toronto">Shopping malls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_slang" title="Toronto slang">Slang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_Toronto" title="Sports in Toronto">Sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amateur_sport_in_Toronto" title="Amateur sport in Toronto">Amateur sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labour_Day_Classic" title="Labour Day Classic">Labour Day Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sports_teams_in_Toronto" title="List of sports teams in Toronto">Sports teams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_Toronto" title="Tourism in Toronto">Tourism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Toronto" title="Transportation in Toronto">Transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transportation_in_Toronto" title="Public transportation in Toronto">Public transportation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission" title="Toronto Transit Commission">Toronto Transit Commission</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Transit_Commission_bus_system" title="Toronto Transit Commission bus 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Calhoun, Louisiana
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vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Calhoun, Louisiana</span></h1> <div 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Available in 16 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-16" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">16 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کالهون، لوئیزیانا – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کالهون، لوئیزیانا" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun_(lungsod_sa_Tinipong_Bansa,_Louisiana)" title="Calhoun (lungsod sa Tinipong Bansa, Louisiana) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Calhoun (lungsod sa Tinipong Bansa, Louisiana)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun,_Louisiana" title="Calhoun, Louisiana – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Calhoun, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun_(Luisiana)" title="Calhoun (Luisiana) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Calhoun (Luisiana)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86%D8%8C_%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7" title="کلهون، لوئیزیانا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کلهون، لوئیزیانا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun_(Louisiane)" title="Calhoun (Louisiane) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Calhoun (Louisiane)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86_(%D9%84%DB%8A%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7)" title="کالهون (لۊئيزيانا) – Gilaki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="کالهون (لۊئيزيانا)" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="Gilaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun_(Louisiana)" title="Calhoun (Louisiana) – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Calhoun (Louisiana)" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Калгун (Луизиана) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Калгун (Луизиана)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun_(Luizjana)" title="Calhoun (Luizjana) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Calhoun (Luizjana)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun,_Louisiana" title="Calhoun, Louisiana – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Calhoun, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%85%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Калхун (Луизијана) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Калхун (Луизијана)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calhoun,_Louisiana" title="Calhoun, Louisiana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Calhoun, Louisiana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%9B%D1%83%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Калгун (Луизиана) – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Калгун (Луизиана)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BD_(%D0%9B%D1%83%D1%97%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0)" title="Калгун (Луїзіана) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Калгун (Луїзіана)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E7%88%BE%E9%9C%8D%E6%81%A9_(%E8%B7%AF%E6%98%93%E6%96%AF%E5%AE%89%E9%82%A3%E5%B7%9E)" title="卡爾霍恩 (路易斯安那州) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="卡爾霍恩 (路易斯安那州)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;params=32_30_46_N_92_21_31_W_region:US-LA_type:city(670)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°30′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">92°21′31″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.51278°N 92.35861°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">32.51278; -92.35861</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Census-designated place in Louisiana, United States</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Calhoun, Louisiana</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">Census-designated place</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:First_Baptist_Church,_Calhoun,_LA_IMG_0111.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="First Baptist Church of Calhoun"><img alt="First Baptist Church of Calhoun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/First_Baptist_Church%2C_Calhoun%2C_LA_IMG_0111.JPG/250px-First_Baptist_Church%2C_Calhoun%2C_LA_IMG_0111.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/First_Baptist_Church%2C_Calhoun%2C_LA_IMG_0111.JPG/375px-First_Baptist_Church%2C_Calhoun%2C_LA_IMG_0111.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/First_Baptist_Church%2C_Calhoun%2C_LA_IMG_0111.JPG/500px-First_Baptist_Church%2C_Calhoun%2C_LA_IMG_0111.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">First <a href="/wiki/Baptist" class="mw-redirect" title="Baptist">Baptist</a> Church of Calhoun</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-lat="32.512777777778" data-lon="-92.358611111111" data-overlays="[&quot;_7c5d4788e805e20ef743be335c53bd9d3c2bea0b&quot;]" href="/wiki/Special:Map/12/32.512777777778/-92.358611111111/en"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,32.512777777778,-92.358611111111,250x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Calhoun%2C_Louisiana&amp;revid=1247834138&amp;groups=_7c5d4788e805e20ef743be335c53bd9d3c2bea0b" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,32.512777777778,-92.358611111111,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Calhoun%2C_Louisiana&amp;revid=1247834138&amp;groups=_7c5d4788e805e20ef743be335c53bd9d3c2bea0b 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;params=32_30_46_N_92_21_31_W_region:US-LA_type:city(670)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°30′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">92°21′31″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.51278°N 92.35861°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">32.51278; -92.35861</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States_%2823px%29.png 2x" data-file-width="69" data-file-height="39" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/23px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/35px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Flag_of_Louisiana.svg/46px-Flag_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="7040" data-file-height="4556" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_parishes_in_Louisiana" title="List of parishes in Louisiana">Parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Ouachita</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">2.36&#160;sq&#160;mi (6.12&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Land</th><td class="infobox-data">2.36&#160;sq&#160;mi (6.12&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Water</th><td class="infobox-data">0.00&#160;sq&#160;mi (0.00&#160;km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Elevation<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">100&#160;ft (30&#160;m)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(<a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2020 United States Census">2020</a>)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">670</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td class="infobox-data">283.66/sq&#160;mi (109.54/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-6" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-6">UTC-6</a> (<a href="/wiki/North_American_Central_Time_Zone" class="mw-redirect" title="North American Central Time Zone">Central (CST)</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC-5" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC-5">UTC-5</a> (CDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_code" class="mw-redirect" title="ZIP code">ZIP code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">71225<sup id="cite_ref-zipcode_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-zipcode-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_code_318" title="Area code 318">318</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Federal_Information_Processing_Standards" title="Federal Information Processing Standards">FIPS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">22-11825</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Calhoun,_LA,_welcome_sign_IMG_0112.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Calhoun%2C_LA%2C_welcome_sign_IMG_0112.JPG/250px-Calhoun%2C_LA%2C_welcome_sign_IMG_0112.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Calhoun%2C_LA%2C_welcome_sign_IMG_0112.JPG/375px-Calhoun%2C_LA%2C_welcome_sign_IMG_0112.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Calhoun%2C_LA%2C_welcome_sign_IMG_0112.JPG/500px-Calhoun%2C_LA%2C_welcome_sign_IMG_0112.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4320" data-file-height="3240" /></a><figcaption>Calhoun welcome sign</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Calhoun</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">unincorporated community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">census-designated place</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Ouachita Parish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a>, United States. It is named after Archibald Calhoun, who was an original settler and landowner. Its elevation is 177&#160;feet (54&#160;m), and it is located at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;params=32_30_46_N_92_21_31_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">32°30′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">92°21′31″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">32.51278°N 92.35861°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">32.51278; -92.35861</span></span></span></a></span></span> (32.5126469, -92.3584744).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Calhoun is unincorporated (no local government) and is governed by the parish through a board of commissioners known as the Police Jury. It is a census designated place and at the time of the most recent United States Census Survey, the population was 1,965. </p><p>Calhoun is located in a rural area with a landscape mixture of hills and woodlands on the former transcontinental route <a href="/wiki/U.S._80" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. 80">U.S. 80</a> near <a href="/wiki/Interstate_20" title="Interstate 20">Interstate 20</a>, approximately 10 miles west of <a href="/wiki/West_Monroe,_Louisiana" title="West Monroe, Louisiana">West Monroe</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2009)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> It has experienced a large growth in population recently and is near three local universities. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224496135">.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop{border-spacing:1px;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:0.3em;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop caption{background-color:lavender;color:black;padding-right:0.2em;padding-left:0.2em;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop th[scope=col]{border-bottom:1px solid black}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(2){text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td.us-census-pop-estimate{padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(3){padding-left:0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop td:nth-child(4){padding-left:0.5em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-footnote{border-top:1px solid black;font-size:85%;text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-right{float:right;clear:right;margin:0 0 1em 1em}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .us-census-pop-none{float:none;margin:0 1em 1em 0}}</style> <table class="us-census-pop us-census-pop-right"> <caption>Historical population</caption> <tbody><tr><th scope="col">Census</th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Population">Pop.</abbr></th><th scope="col"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="sr-only">Note</span></th><th scope="col"><abbr title="Percent change">%±</abbr></th></tr> <tr><th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020</a></th><td>670</td><td></td><td>—</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="us-census-pop-footnote">U.S. Decennial Census<sup id="cite_ref-DecennialCensus_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DecennialCensus-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020_census">2020 census</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: 2020 census"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:right"> <caption>Calhoun racial composition<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Race </th> <th scope="col">Number </th> <th scope="col">Percentage </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/White_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="White (U.S. Census)">White</a> (non-Hispanic) </th> <td>569 </td> <td>84.93% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/African_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="African American (U.S. Census)">Black or African American</a> (non-Hispanic) </th> <td>40 </td> <td>5.97% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Native_American_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American (U.S. Census)">Native American</a> </th> <td>4 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Asian_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Asian (U.S. Census)">Asian</a> </th> <td>2 </td> <td>0.3% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Race_(United_States_Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Race (United States Census)">Other/Mixed</a> </th> <td>30 </td> <td>4.48% </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hispanic (U.S. Census)">Hispanic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Latino_(U.S._Census)" class="mw-redirect" title="Latino (U.S. Census)">Latino</a> </th> <td>25 </td> <td>3.73% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_census" title="2020 United States census">2020 United States census</a>, there were 670 people, 135 households, and 121 families residing in the CDP. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_Climate_Classification" class="mw-redirect" title="Köppen Climate Classification">Köppen Climate Classification</a> system, Calhoun has a <a href="/wiki/Humid_subtropical_climate" title="Humid subtropical climate">humid subtropical climate</a>, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps. The hottest temperature recorded in Calhoun was 110&#160;°F (43.3&#160;°C) on August 18, 1909 and September 1, 2000, while the coldest temperature recorded was −13&#160;°F (−25.0&#160;°C) in February 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Calhoun, Louisiana, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1892–2022 </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">98<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">109<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF4100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90<br />(32) </td> <td style="background: #FF4800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87<br />(31) </td> <td style="background: #EA0000; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">110<br />(43) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.6<br />(24.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF5700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.9<br />(28.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF4900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">87.5<br />(30.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91.4<br />(33.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF2700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">96.2<br />(35.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF1C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99.4<br />(37.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF1600; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100.7<br />(38.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF2400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">97.2<br />(36.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.4<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF5A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">82.9<br />(28.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.7<br />(24.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF1300; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">101.6<br />(38.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFBE7E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.8<br />(13.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFAE5D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.1<br />(16.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9022; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.9<br />(20.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76.4<br />(24.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83.4<br />(28.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF3E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">90.3<br />(32.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.2<br />(34.0) </td> <td style="background: #FF3200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93.6<br />(34.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF4400; color:#000000;" class="notheme">88.7<br />(31.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.2<br />(25.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.2<br />(19.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.2<br />(15.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF7300; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">76.4<br />(24.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.8<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFDFBF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.3<br />(9.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.0<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.2<br />(17.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.4<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(25.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.6<br />(27.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF6100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.3<br />(27.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF7600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">75.7<br />(24.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA347; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.0<br />(17.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.9<br />(12.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFE5CC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.8<br />(8.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">63.8<br />(17.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35.5<br />(1.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.0<br />(6.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.0<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFB56B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.3<br />(15.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF9932; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7<br />(19.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8C1A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">70.0<br />(21.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9021; color:#000000;" class="notheme">69.0<br />(20.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFA851; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.7<br />(17.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.9<br />(9.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.5<br />(4.7) </td> <td style="background: #EEEEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.5<br />(1.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">51.2<br />(10.6) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.6<br />(−8.0) </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.2<br />(−5.4) </td> <td style="background: #D7D7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.9<br />(−2.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">33.9<br />(1.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.8<br />(7.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">57.4<br />(14.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8<br />(17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA56; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.0<br />(16.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.7<br />(8.7) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.8<br />(1.6) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5<br />(−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #C1C1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.5<br />(−6.9) </td> <td style="background: #B2B2FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.6<br />(−9.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #8080FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−2<br />(−19) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">−13<br />(−25) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14<br />(−10) </td> <td style="background: #D6D6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26<br />(−3) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44<br />(7) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">24<br />(−4) </td> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(−12) </td> <td style="background: #9595FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5<br />(−15) </td> <td style="background: #5F5FFF; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−13<br />(−25) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #26FF26; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.70<br />(145) </td> <td style="background: #30FF30; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.98<br />(126) </td> <td style="background: #2FFF2F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.47<br />(139) </td> <td style="background: #1FFF1F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.69<br />(145) </td> <td style="background: #32FF32; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.39<br />(137) </td> <td style="background: #54FF54; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.36<br />(111) </td> <td style="background: #67FF67; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.01<br />(102) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.51<br />(89) </td> <td style="background: #72FF72; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.58<br />(91) </td> <td style="background: #4FFF4F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.66<br />(118) </td> <td style="background: #46FF46; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.71<br />(120) </td> <td style="background: #2EFF2E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.50<br />(140) </td> <td style="background: #45FF45; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">57.56<br />(1,463) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.1<br />(0.25) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3 </td> <td style="background: #8A8AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #A0A0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.1 </td> <td style="background: #9191FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #9F9FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.7 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.3 </td> <td style="background: #B1B1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.1 </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8 </td> <td style="background: #9999FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.0 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.7 </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">94.6 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">0.2 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: National Weather Service (mean maxima/minima 1981&#8211;2010)<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Former <a href="/wiki/U.S._Representative" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Representative">U.S. Representative</a> <a href="/wiki/Newt_V._Mills" title="Newt V. Mills">Newt V. Mills</a> of Louisiana was born in Calhoun.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CenPopGazetteer2020-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CenPopGazetteer2020_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2020_Gazetteer/2020_gaz_place_22.txt">"2020 U.S. Gazetteer Files"</a>. United States Census Bureau<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2020+U.S.+Gazetteer+Files&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Census+Bureau&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww2.census.gov%2Fgeo%2Fdocs%2Fmaps-data%2Fdata%2Fgazetteer%2F2020_Gazetteer%2F2020_gaz_place_22.txt&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalhoun%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-zipcode-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-zipcode_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zipdatamaps.com/71225">"Calhoun Zipcode"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 11,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Calhoun+Zipcode&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zipdatamaps.com%2F71225&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalhoun%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/533624">U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Calhoun, Louisiana</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DecennialCensus-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DecennialCensus_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html">"Census of Population and Housing"</a>. Census.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Census+of+Population+and+Housing&amp;rft.pub=Census.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fprod%2Fwww%2Fdecennial.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalhoun%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.census.gov/cedsci/table?g=1600000US2211825&amp;tid=DECENNIALPL2020.P2">"Explore Census Data"</a>. <i>data.census.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 29,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=data.census.gov&amp;rft.atitle=Explore+Census+Data&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.census.gov%2Fcedsci%2Ftable%3Fg%3D1600000US2211825%26tid%3DDECENNIALPL2020.P2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalhoun%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOWData-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NOWData_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/wrh/climate?wfo=shv">"NOAA Online Weather Data – NWS Shreveport"</a>. National Weather Service<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=NOAA+Online+Weather+Data+%E2%80%93+NWS+Shreveport&amp;rft.pub=National+Weather+Service&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fwrh%2Fclimate%3Fwfo%3Dshv&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalhoun%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NOAA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NOAA_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/services/data/v1?dataset=normals-monthly-1991-2020&amp;stations=USC00161411&amp;format=pdf&amp;dataTypes=MLY-TMAX-NORMAL,MLY-TMIN-NORMAL,MLY-TAVG-NORMAL,MLY-PRCP-NORMAL,MLY-SNOW-NORMAL">"U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access – Station: Calhoun RSCH STN, LA"</a>. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=U.S.+Climate+Normals+Quick+Access+%E2%80%93+Station%3A+Calhoun+RSCH+STN%2C+LA&amp;rft.pub=National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Faccess%2Fservices%2Fdata%2Fv1%3Fdataset%3Dnormals-monthly-1991-2020%26stations%3DUSC00161411%26format%3Dpdf%26dataTypes%3DMLY-TMAX-NORMAL%2CMLY-TMIN-NORMAL%2CMLY-TAVG-NORMAL%2CMLY-PRCP-NORMAL%2CMLY-SNOW-NORMAL&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalhoun%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bioguide.congress.gov/scripts/biodisplay.pl?index=M000775">"Mills, Newt Vergus (1899-1996)"</a>. bioguide.congress.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 25,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Mills%2C+Newt+Vergus+%281899-1996%29&amp;rft.pub=bioguide.congress.gov&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbioguide.congress.gov%2Fscripts%2Fbiodisplay.pl%3Findex%3DM000775&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACalhoun%2C+Louisiana" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Calhoun,_Louisiana&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Template:Ouachita Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Template talk:Ouachita Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ouachita Parish, Louisiana"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_and_communities_of_Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana,_United_States" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Municipalities and communities of <a href="/wiki/Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Ouachita Parish, Louisiana"><span class="region">Ouachita Parish, Louisiana</span></a>, <span class="country-name">United States</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div><a href="/wiki/Parish_seat" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish seat"><span>Parish seat</span></a>: <b><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana"><span>Monroe</span></a></b></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">Cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monroe,_Louisiana" title="Monroe, Louisiana">Monroe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Monroe,_Louisiana" title="West Monroe, Louisiana">West Monroe</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Ouachita_Parish.svg/180px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Ouachita_Parish.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Ouachita_Parish.svg/270px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Ouachita_Parish.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Ouachita_Parish.svg/360px-Map_of_Louisiana_highlighting_Ouachita_Parish.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1255" data-file-height="1129" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Town" title="Town">Towns</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Richwood,_Louisiana" title="Richwood, Louisiana">Richwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sterlington,_Louisiana" title="Sterlington, Louisiana">Sterlington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Census-designated_place" title="Census-designated place">CDPs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bawcomville,_Louisiana" title="Bawcomville, Louisiana">Bawcomville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Louisiana" title="Brownsville, Louisiana">Brownsville</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claiborne,_Louisiana" title="Claiborne, Louisiana">Claiborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lakeshore,_Louisiana" title="Lakeshore, Louisiana">Lakeshore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swartz,_Louisiana" title="Swartz, Louisiana">Swartz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Unincorporated_area" title="Unincorporated area">Other<br />unincorporated<br />communities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bosco,_Louisiana" title="Bosco, Louisiana">Bosco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fairbanks,_Louisiana" title="Fairbanks, Louisiana">Fairbanks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Grove,_Ouachita_Parish,_Louisiana" title="Pine Grove, Ouachita Parish, Louisiana">Pine Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wham,_Louisiana" title="Wham, Louisiana">Wham</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3" style="color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Louisiana_(state)" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Louisiana (state)"><span>Louisiana portal</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States"><span>United States portal</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag-map_of_Louisiana.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag-map_of_Louisiana.svg/30px-Flag-map_of_Louisiana.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag-map_of_Louisiana.svg/45px-Flag-map_of_Louisiana.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Flag-map_of_Louisiana.svg/60px-Flag-map_of_Louisiana.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1268" data-file-height="1141" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Louisiana" title="Louisiana">Louisiana</a> state location article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Northgate High School, Dereham
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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;params=52.6882_N_0.9448_E_type:edu_region:GB_dim:100"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°41′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°56′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.6882°N 0.9448°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">52.6882; 0.9448</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For schools of the same name, see <a href="/wiki/Northgate_High_School_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Northgate High School (disambiguation)">Northgate High School (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Academy in Dereham, Norfolk, England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256395774">.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-above{background:lavender;color:#202122}.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .logo,.mw-parser-output .ib-school .infobox-image .seal{background-color:#f8f9fa}</style><table class="infobox vcard ib-school"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org notheme">Northgate High School</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size logo" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Fair_use_logo_Northgate_High_School,_Dereham.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6b/Fair_use_logo_Northgate_High_School%2C_Dereham.png" decoding="async" width="184" height="183" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="184" data-file-height="183" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Address</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="[&quot;_8bd73672206eb3071e378370f66d02b009c06d2e&quot;]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Northgate_High_School%2C_Dereham&amp;revid=1196120262&amp;groups=_8bd73672206eb3071e378370f66d02b009c06d2e" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Northgate_High_School%2C_Dereham&amp;revid=1196120262&amp;groups=_8bd73672206eb3071e378370f66d02b009c06d2e 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="adr"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="display:inline;" class="street-address">Cemetery Road</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="locality"><a href="/wiki/Dereham" title="Dereham">Dereham</a></div>, <div style="display:inline;" class="region"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a></div>, <div style="display:inline;" class="nowrap">NR19 2EU</div><br /><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;params=52.6882_N_0.9448_E_type:edu_region:GB_dim:100"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">52°41′18″N</span> <span class="longitude">0°56′41″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">52.6882°N 0.9448°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">52.6882; 0.9448</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header notheme">Information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">Academy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Trust</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unity_Education_Trust&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Unity Education Trust (page does not exist)">Unity Education Trust</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Department_for_Education" title="Department for Education">Department for Education</a> URN</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://get-information-schools.service.gov.uk/Establishments/Establishment/Details/141268">141268</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.compare-school-performance.service.gov.uk/school/141268">Tables</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ofsted" title="Ofsted">Ofsted</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/inspection-reports/find-inspection-report/provider/ELS/141268">Reports</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Chair of Governors</th><td class="infobox-data">Karen Thompson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headteachers</th><td class="infobox-data">Zoe Galley and Duncan Hone</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Gender</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coeducational" class="mw-redirect" title="Coeducational">Coeducational</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Age</th><td class="infobox-data">11&#32;to 16</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Enrollment</th><td class="infobox-data">1,129</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">1,280</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk/">http://www.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk/</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Northgate High School</b>, formerly <b>Northgate High School and Dereham Sixth Form College</b>, is an <a href="/wiki/Academy" title="Academy">academy</a> situated in <a href="/wiki/East_Dereham" class="mw-redirect" title="East Dereham">Dereham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a>, England. It is a co-educational <a href="/wiki/Comprehensive_school" title="Comprehensive school">comprehensive school</a>, for ages 11–18.<sup id="cite_ref-school_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-school-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It is one of two high schools in the town. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The school converted to <a href="/wiki/Academy_(English_school)" title="Academy (English school)">academy status</a> in September 2014. In October 2016 Northgate announced its intention to form a Multi-Academy Trust, called the Unity Academy Trust.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Unity Academy Trust name was already in use elsewhere, therefore the trust was launched as the Unity Education Trust on 1 March 2017, comprising the following five establishments:<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Northgate High School &amp; Dereham Sixth Form College</li> <li>Grove House Infant &amp; Junior School</li> <li>Kings Park Infant School</li> <li>Beeston Primary School</li> <li>Garvestone Primary School</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Curriculum">Curriculum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Curriculum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Virtually all maintained schools and academies follow the <a href="/wiki/National_Curriculum_for_England" title="National Curriculum for England">National Curriculum</a>, and are inspected by Ofsted on how well they succeed in delivering a 'broad and balanced curriculum'.<sup id="cite_ref-Roberts_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roberts-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The school has to decide whether <a href="/wiki/Key_Stage_3" title="Key Stage 3">Key Stage 3</a> contains years 7, 8 and 9- or whether year 9 should be in <a href="/wiki/Key_Stage_4" title="Key Stage 4">Key Stage 4</a> and the students just study subjects that will be examined by the <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSE</a> exams at 16. Northgate High School has a three-year Key Stage 3 but pupils start their Key Stage 4 options at the Easter of Year 9.<sup id="cite_ref-Home_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Home-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Key_Stage_5_-_Sixth_Form">Key Stage 5 - Sixth Form</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Key Stage 5 - Sixth Form"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Dereham_Sixth_Form_College"></span> <b>Dereham Sixth Form College</b> is a post-16 <a href="/wiki/Sixth_form" title="Sixth form">sixth form</a> centre in the <a href="/wiki/Norfolk" title="Norfolk">Norfolk</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Dereham" title="Dereham">Dereham</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>. The centre is operated by <a href="/wiki/Northgate_High_School_(Dereham)" class="mw-redirect" title="Northgate High School (Dereham)">Northgate High School</a>, offering AS level, BTEC and <a href="/wiki/A_level" class="mw-redirect" title="A level">A level</a> courses. From 1977 to 2016 the college was jointly managed and governed by the two high schools in Dereham, <a href="/wiki/Dereham_Neatherd_High_School" title="Dereham Neatherd High School">Neatherd</a> and Northgate. Teaching was divided equally between both schools. Northgate High School, was awarded the college in July 2016 by Norfolk County Council following the declaration in February 2016 by the governing body of Dereham Neatherd High School that it desired to set up its own sixth form. Later, in the same month, Northgate announced that it was setting up a Multi Academy Trust with Dereham Sixth Form College.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most teaching is carried out within the college site, with some classes taught at Northgate. Students at the college are on the roll of Northgate High School, and the results of the college are claimed by Northgate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_former_pupils">Notable former pupils</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Notable former pupils"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Rankin" title="Chris Rankin">Chris Rankin</a>, actor, famous for role as <a href="/wiki/Percy_Weasley" class="mw-redirect" title="Percy Weasley">Percy Weasley</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Harry_Potter_(film_series)" title="Harry Potter (film series)"><i>Harry Potter</i> films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Copping" title="Bobby Copping">Bobby Copping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Baker_(high_jumper)" title="Chris Baker (high jumper)">Chris Baker (high jumper)</a>,</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Cantwell" title="Todd Cantwell">Todd Cantwell</a>, professional footballer.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-school-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-school_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Academy Website <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk">http://www.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLazzari" class="citation web cs1">Lazzari, Adam. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/education/dereham_sixth_form_college_in_a_strong_position_moving_forward_1_4845604">"Dereham Sixth Form College 'in a strong position moving forward'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Dereham+Sixth+Form+College+%27in+a+strong+position+moving+forward%27&amp;rft.aulast=Lazzari&amp;rft.aufirst=Adam&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edp24.co.uk%2Fnews%2Feducation%2Fdereham_sixth_form_college_in_a_strong_position_moving_forward_1_4845604&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthgate+High+School%2C+Dereham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFcross" class="citation web cs1">cross, kathryn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edp24.co.uk/news/education/six_dereham_schools_including_northgate_high_and_the_sixth_form_college_announce_formation_of_multi_academy_trust_1_4920412">"Six Dereham schools, including Northgate High and the sixth form college, announce formation of multi-academy trust"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Six+Dereham+schools%2C+including+Northgate+High+and+the+sixth+form+college%2C+announce+formation+of+multi-academy+trust&amp;rft.aulast=cross&amp;rft.aufirst=kathryn&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edp24.co.uk%2Fnews%2Feducation%2Fsix_dereham_schools_including_northgate_high_and_the_sixth_form_college_announce_formation_of_multi_academy_trust_1_4920412&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthgate+High+School%2C+Dereham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roberts-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roberts_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts" class="citation web cs1">Roberts, Nerys. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN06798/SN06798.pdf">"The school curriculum in England Parliamentary Briefing Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>parliament.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=parliament.uk&amp;rft.atitle=The+school+curriculum+in+England+Parliamentary+Briefing+Paper&amp;rft.aulast=Roberts&amp;rft.aufirst=Nerys&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchbriefings.files.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2FSN06798%2FSN06798.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthgate+High+School%2C+Dereham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Home-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Home_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk/home-learning/">"Home Learning"</a>. <i>www.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Home+Learning&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northgate.norfolk.sch.uk%2Fhome-learning%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthgate+High+School%2C+Dereham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fakenhamtimes.co.uk/news/todd-cantwell-norwich-city-teachers-coach-1-5704897">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'It's so inspiring for everyone'- Todd Cantwell's former teachers and coach delighted after midfielder shines on Norwich City league debut"</a>. Fakenham and Wells Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%27It%27s+so+inspiring+for+everyone%27-+Todd+Cantwell%27s+former+teachers+and+coach+delighted+after+midfielder+shines+on+Norwich+City+league+debut&amp;rft.pub=Fakenham+and+Wells+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fakenhamtimes.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftodd-cantwell-norwich-city-teachers-coach-1-5704897&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthgate+High+School%2C+Dereham" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Northgate_High_School,_Dereham&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Schools_in_Norfolk" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible open navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar 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href="/wiki/Template:Schools_in_Norfolk" title="Template:Schools in Norfolk"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Schools_in_Norfolk" title="Template talk:Schools in Norfolk"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Schools_in_Norfolk" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Schools in Norfolk"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Schools_in_Norfolk" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Norfolk" title="List of schools in Norfolk">Schools in Norfolk</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harleston_Sancroft_Academy" title="Harleston Sancroft Academy">Harleston Sancroft Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceni_Academy" title="Iceni Academy">Iceni Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litcham_School" title="Litcham School">Litcham School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acle_Academy" title="Acle Academy">Acle Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alderman_Peel_High_School" title="Alderman Peel High School">Alderman Peel High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attleborough_Academy" title="Attleborough Academy">Attleborough Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aylsham_High_School" title="Aylsham High School">Aylsham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadland_High_Ormiston_Academy" title="Broadland High Ormiston Academy">Broadland High Ormiston Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caister_Academy" title="Caister Academy">Caister Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Academy_Norwich" title="City Academy Norwich">City Academy Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Norwich_School" title="City of Norwich School">City of Norwich School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Park_Ormiston_Academy" title="Cliff Park Ormiston Academy">Cliff Park Ormiston Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cromer_Academy" title="Cromer Academy">Cromer Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dereham_Neatherd_High_School" title="Dereham Neatherd High School">Dereham Neatherd High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diss_High_School" title="Diss High School">Diss High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Downham_Market_Academy" title="Downham Market Academy">Downham Market Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fakenham_Academy" title="Fakenham Academy">Fakenham Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flegg_High_Ormiston_Academy" title="Flegg High Ormiston Academy">Flegg High Ormiston Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framingham_Earl_High_School" title="Framingham Earl High School">Framingham Earl High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth_Charter_Academy" title="Great Yarmouth Charter Academy">Great Yarmouth Charter Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harleston_Sancroft_Academy" title="Harleston Sancroft Academy">Harleston Sancroft Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellesdon_High_School" title="Hellesdon High School">Hellesdon High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hethersett_Academy" title="Hethersett Academy">Hethersett Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hewett_Academy" title="The Hewett Academy">The Hewett Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobart_High_School,_Norfolk" title="Hobart High School, Norfolk">Hobart High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iceni_Academy" title="Iceni Academy">Iceni Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen_College" title="Jane Austen College">Jane Austen College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Edward_VII_Academy" title="King Edward VII Academy">King Edward VII Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn_Academy" title="King&#39;s Lynn Academy">King's Lynn Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litcham_School" title="Litcham School">Litcham School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Stratton_High_School" title="Long Stratton High School">Long Stratton High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Grove_Academy" title="Lynn Grove Academy">Lynn Grove Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshland_High_School" title="Marshland High School">Marshland High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nicholas_Hamond_Academy" title="The Nicholas Hamond Academy">The Nicholas Hamond Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Walsham_High_School" title="North Walsham High School">North Walsham High School</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northgate High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notre_Dame_High_School,_Norwich" title="Notre Dame High School, Norwich">Notre Dame High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Buckenham_High_School" title="Old Buckenham High School">Old Buckenham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Academy" title="Open Academy">Open Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormiston_Venture_Academy" title="Ormiston Venture Academy">Ormiston Venture Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ormiston_Victory_Academy" title="Ormiston Victory Academy">Ormiston Victory Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reepham_High_School_and_College" title="Reepham High School and College">Reepham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Clement%27s_High_School" title="St Clement&#39;s High School">St Clement's High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewell_Park_Academy" title="Sewell Park Academy">Sewell Park Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheringham_High_School" title="Sheringham High School">Sheringham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smithdon_High_School" title="Smithdon High School">Smithdon High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springwood_High_School,_King%27s_Lynn" title="Springwood High School, King&#39;s Lynn">Springwood High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprowston_Community_Academy" title="Sprowston Community Academy">Sprowston Community Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalham_High_School" title="Stalham High School">Stalham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taverham_High_School" title="Taverham High School">Taverham High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Thetford_Academy,_Norfolk" title="The Thetford Academy, Norfolk">The Thetford Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thorpe_St_Andrew_School" title="Thorpe St Andrew School">Thorpe St Andrew School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Technical_College_Norfolk" title="University Technical College Norfolk">UTC Norfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayland_Academy,_Watton" title="Wayland Academy, Watton">Wayland Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wymondham_College" title="Wymondham College">Wymondham College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wymondham_High_Academy" title="Wymondham High Academy">Wymondham High Academy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beeston_Hall_School" title="Beeston Hall School">Beeston Hall School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gresham%27s_School" title="Gresham&#39;s School">Gresham's School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langley_School,_Loddon" title="Langley School, Loddon">Langley School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_High_School_for_Girls" title="Norwich High School for Girls">Norwich High School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_School" title="Norwich School">Norwich School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thetford_Grammar_School" title="Thetford Grammar School">Thetford Grammar School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Special</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sheringham_Woodfields_School" title="Sheringham Woodfields School">Sheringham Woodfields School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Further education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/College_of_West_Anglia" title="College of West Anglia">College of West Anglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_College_Norwich" title="City College Norwich">City College Norwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dereham_Sixth_Form_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Dereham Sixth Form College">Dereham Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Norfolk_Sixth_Form_College" title="East Norfolk Sixth Form College">East Norfolk Sixth Form College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easton_%26_Otley_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Easton &amp; Otley College">Easton &amp; Otley College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paston_College" title="Paston College">Paston College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Isaac_Newton_Sixth_Form" title="Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form">Sir Isaac Newton Sixth Form</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bracondale_School" title="Bracondale School">Bracondale School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burston_Strike_School" title="Burston Strike School">Burston Strike School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cawston_College" title="Cawston College">Cawston College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hethersett_Old_Hall_School" title="Hethersett Old Hall School">Hethersett Old Hall School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwich_High_School_for_Boys" title="Norwich High School for Boys">Norwich High School for Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddlesworth_Hall" title="Riddlesworth Hall">Riddlesworth Hall School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watts_Naval_School" title="Watts Naval School">Watts Naval School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wood-Dene_School" title="Wood-Dene School">Wood-Dene School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7059450#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC
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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC" title="Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B6%A9%EB%82%A8_%EC%9D%BC%ED%99%94_%EC%B2%9C%EB%A7%88" title="충남 일화 천마 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="충남 일화 천마" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_(wanita)" title="Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma (wanita) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma (wanita)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC" title="Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5116386#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma WFC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC.svg/220px-Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="189" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC.svg/330px-Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/62/Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC.svg/440px-Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="341" data-file-height="293" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Full name</th><td class="infobox-data">Ilhwa Chunma Women's Football Club</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">2006<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Dissolved</th><td class="infobox-data">2012</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Ground</th><td class="infobox-data label">Dangjin Stadium</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; text-align:left">Capacity</th><td class="infobox-data">5,000</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"></td></tr><tr><td style="padding: 0; background: #ffffff; text-align: center; border: 1px solid #D3D3D3;" colspan="2"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0"><div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FBE32A;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Team colours"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/64/Kit_left_arm_seongnam12h.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/31px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/47px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/62px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FBE32A;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5c/Kit_body_seongnam12h.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/38px-Kit_body.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/57px-Kit_body.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/76px-Kit_body.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FBE32A;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/Kit_right_arm_seongnam12h.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kit_right_arm.svg/31px-Kit_right_arm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kit_right_arm.svg/47px-Kit_right_arm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kit_right_arm.svg/62px-Kit_right_arm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #FF0000"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Kit_shorts_seongnam12h.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="36" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kit_shorts.svg/100px-Kit_shorts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kit_shorts.svg/150px-Kit_shorts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kit_shorts.svg/200px-Kit_shorts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="36" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FBE32A"></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kit_socks_long.svg/100px-Kit_socks_long.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kit_socks_long.svg/150px-Kit_socks_long.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kit_socks_long.svg/200px-Kit_socks_long.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div> </div> <div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Kit_(association_football)" title="Kit (association football)">Home colours</a></b></div> </div></td><td style="padding:0"><div style="width: 100px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 100px; height: 135px; margin: 0 auto; padding: 0;"> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Team colours"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/21/Kit_left_arm_seongnam12a.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/31px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/47px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Kit_left_arm.svg/62px-Kit_left_arm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Kit_body_seongnam12a.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 31px; top: 0px; width: 38px; height: 59px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/38px-Kit_body.svg.png" decoding="async" width="38" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/57px-Kit_body.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Kit_body.svg/76px-Kit_body.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="38" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px; background-color: #FFFFFF;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/Kit_right_arm_seongnam12a.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 69px; top: 0px; width: 31px; height: 59px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kit_right_arm.svg/31px-Kit_right_arm.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kit_right_arm.svg/47px-Kit_right_arm.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Kit_right_arm.svg/62px-Kit_right_arm.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="31" data-file-height="59" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px; background-color: #181232"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/72/Kit_shorts_seongnam12a.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="36" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 59px; width: 100px; height: 36px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kit_shorts.svg/100px-Kit_shorts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kit_shorts.svg/150px-Kit_shorts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Kit_shorts.svg/200px-Kit_shorts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="36" /></span></span></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px; background-color: #FFFFFF"></div> <div style="position: absolute; left: 0px; top: 95px; width: 100px; height: 40px;"><span class="mw-default-size mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kit_socks_long.svg/100px-Kit_socks_long.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kit_socks_long.svg/150px-Kit_socks_long.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Kit_socks_long.svg/200px-Kit_socks_long.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div> </div> <div style="padding-top: 0.6em; text-align: center;"><b><a href="/wiki/Away_colours" title="Away colours">Away colours</a></b></div> </div></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma Women's Football Club</b> (<a href="/wiki/Korean_language" title="Korean language">Korean</a>: <span lang="ko">충남 일화 천마 여자 축구단</span>) was a South Korean <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_association_football" title="Women&#39;s association football">women's football</a> team based in <a href="/wiki/South_Chungcheong_Province" title="South Chungcheong Province">Chungnam</a>. They played in the <a href="/wiki/WK_League" title="WK League">WK League</a> between 2009 and 2012. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Records">Records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Year-by-year">Year-by-year</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Year-by-year"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" rowspan="2">Season </th> <th colspan="7" class="unsortable">WK League regular season </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Position </th> <th scope="col" rowspan="2" class="unsortable">Playoffs </th></tr> <tr> <th><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Games played">P</span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Games won">W</span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Games drawn">D</span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Games lost">L</span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Goals for">GF</span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Goals against">GA</span> </th> <th><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Points">Pts</span> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2009_WK-League" title="2009 WK-League">2009</a> </td> <td>20</td> <td>3</td> <td>9</td> <td>8</td> <td>18</td> <td>24</td> <td>18 </td> <td>4th </td> <td><i>Did not qualify</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2010_WK-League" title="2010 WK-League">2010</a> </td> <td>20</td> <td>5</td> <td>4</td> <td>11</td> <td>19</td> <td>35</td> <td>19 </td> <td>5th </td> <td><i>Did not qualify</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2011_WK-League" title="2011 WK-League">2011</a> </td> <td>21</td> <td>8</td> <td>3</td> <td>10</td> <td>24</td> <td>35</td> <td>27 </td> <td>5th </td> <td><i>Did not qualify</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/2012_WK-League" title="2012 WK-League">2012</a> </td> <td>21</td> <td>3</td> <td>6</td> <td>12</td> <td>16</td> <td>30</td> <td>15 </td> <td>7th </td> <td><i>Did not qualify</i> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chungnam_Ilhwa_Chunma_WFC&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:WK_League" title="Template:WK League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:WK_League" title="Template talk:WK League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:WK_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:WK League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="WK_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/WK_League" title="WK League">WK League</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current (2024)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Changnyeong_WFC" title="Changnyeong WFC">Changnyeong WFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyeongju_Korea_Hydro_%26_Nuclear_Power_WFC" title="Gyeongju Korea Hydro &amp; Nuclear Power WFC">Gyeongju KHNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hwacheon_KSPO_WFC" title="Hwacheon KSPO WFC">Hwacheon KSPO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incheon_Hyundai_Steel_Red_Angels_WFC" title="Incheon Hyundai Steel Red Angels WFC">Incheon Hyundai Steel Red Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mungyeong_Sangmu_WFC" title="Mungyeong Sangmu WFC">Mungyeong Sangmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejong_Sportstoto_WFC" title="Sejong Sportstoto WFC">Sejong Sportstoto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seoul_WFC" title="Seoul WFC">Seoul WFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suwon_FC_Women" title="Suwon FC Women">Suwon FC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icheon_Daekyo_WFC" title="Icheon Daekyo WFC">Icheon Daekyo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Seasons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2009_WK-League" title="2009 WK-League">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_WK-League" title="2010 WK-League">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_WK-League" title="2011 WK-League">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_WK-League" title="2012 WK-League">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_WK_League" title="2013 WK League">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_WK_League" title="2014 WK League">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_WK_League" title="2015 WK League">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_WK_League" title="2016 WK League">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_WK_League" title="2017 WK League">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_WK_League" title="2018 WK League">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_WK_League" title="2019 WK League">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_WK_League" title="2020 WK League">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_WK_League" title="2021 WK League">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_WK_League" title="2022 WK League">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_WK_League" title="2023 WK League">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_WK_League" title="2024 WK League">2024</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unification_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unification_Church" title="Template:Unification Church"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unification_Church" title="Template talk:Unification Church"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unification_Church" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unification Church"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unification_Church" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church" title="Unification Church">Unification Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Doctrines and ceremonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Principle" class="mw-redirect" title="Divine Principle">Divine Principle</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessing_ceremony_of_the_Unification_Church" title="Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church">Blessing ceremony of the Unification Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church_funeral" title="Unification Church funeral">Unification Church funeral</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Organizations_related_to_the_Unification_Church" title="Organizations related to the Unification Church">Organizations and projects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chungnam Ilhwa Chunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clube_Atl%C3%A9tico_Sorocaba" title="Clube Atlético Sorocaba">Clube Atlético Sorocaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clube_Esportivo_Nova_Esperan%C3%A7a" title="Clube Esportivo Nova Esperança">Clube Esportivo Nova Esperança</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Peace_Association" title="Family Peace Association">Family Peace Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Peace_Foundation" title="Global Peace Foundation">Global Peace Foundation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inchon_(film)" title="Inchon (film)">Inchon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Insight_on_the_News" title="Insight on the News">Insight magazine</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Conference_on_the_Unity_of_the_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences">International Conference on the Unity of the Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Angels_Children%27s_Folk_Ballet_of_Korea" title="Little Angels Children&#39;s Folk Ballet of Korea">Little Angels Children's Folk Ballet of Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Center" title="Manhattan Center">Manhattan Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_World_Communications" title="News World Communications">News World Communications</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lee_Shapiro" title="Lee Shapiro">Nicaragua Was Our Home</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_Cup" title="Peace Cup">Peace Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyeonghwa_Motors" title="Pyeonghwa Motors">Pyeonghwa Motors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_of_Iron_Ministries" title="Rod of Iron Ministries">Rod of Iron Ministries</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Segye_Ilbo" title="Segye Ilbo">Segye Ilbo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seongnam_FC" title="Seongnam FC">Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_Moon_University" title="Sun Moon University">Sun Myung Moon University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tongil_Group" title="Tongil Group">Tongil Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Church_of_the_United_States" title="Unification Church of the United States">Unification Church of the United States</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(academic)" title="Andrew Wilson (academic)">World Scripture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wyndham_New_Yorker_Hotel" title="Wyndham New Yorker Hotel">Wyndham New Yorker Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Theological_Seminary" title="Unification Theological Seminary">Unification Theological Seminary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Ballet" title="Universal Ballet">Universal Ballet</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History and controversy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Unification_Church_in_Japan" title="Criticism of Unification Church in Japan">Criticism of Unification Church&#160;in&#160;Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Shinzo_Abe" title="Assassination of Shinzo Abe">Assassination of Shinzo Abe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crazy_for_God_(expression)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crazy for God (expression)">"Crazy for God"</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Heavenly_deception" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavenly deception">Heavenly deception</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Love_bombing" title="Love bombing">Love bombing</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Family_March" title="Million Family March">Million Family March</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Moonie_(nickname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Moonie (nickname)">Moonie (nickname)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subcommittee_on_International_Organizations_of_the_Committee_on_International_Relations" title="Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations">Subcommittee on International Organizations of the Committee on International Relations</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Sun_Myung_Moon" title="United States v. Sun Myung Moon">United States of America v. Sun Myung Moon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unification_Church_and_politics" class="mw-redirect" title="The Unification Church and politics">The Unification Church and politics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/As_a_Peace-Loving_Global_Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen">As a Peace-Loving Global Citizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doomsday_Cult:_A_Study_of_Conversion,_Proselytization,_and_Maintenance_of_Faith" title="Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith">Doomsday Cult: A Study of Conversion, Proselytization, and Maintenance of Faith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gifts_of_Deceit" title="Gifts of Deceit">Gifts of Deceit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Inquisition:_The_Persecution_and_Prosecution_of_the_Reverend_Sun_Myung_Moon" title="Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon">Inquisition: The Persecution and Prosecution of the Reverend Sun Myung Moon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Making_of_a_Moonie" title="The Making of a Moonie">The Making of a Moonie</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sun_Myung_Moon_and_the_Unification_Church" title="Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church">Sun Myung Moon and the Unification Church</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unification_Church_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Unification Church people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organizations_related_to_the_Unification_Church" title="Organizations related to the Unification Church">Related organizations</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_South_Korea" title="Conservatism in South Korea">Conservatism in South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party (United States of America)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korean reunification</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_South_Korea.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of South Korea" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/50px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/75px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Flag_of_South_Korea.svg/100px-Flag_of_South_Korea.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-50px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soccerball_mask.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Soccer icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/50px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/75px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/100px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about a <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korean</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Bamboo mosaic virus
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Bamboo mosaic virus - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Potexvirus" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>(unranked): </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Realm</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria"><i>Riboviria</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae"><i>Orthornavirae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Phylum: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kitrinoviricota" title="Kitrinoviricota"><i>Kitrinoviricota</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Class: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alsuviricetes" title="Alsuviricetes"><i>Alsuviricetes</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tymovirales" title="Tymovirales"><i>Tymovirales</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alphaflexiviridae" title="Alphaflexiviridae"><i>Alphaflexiviridae</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Potexvirus" title="Potexvirus"><i>Potexvirus</i></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Species: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="species"><i><b>Bamboo mosaic virus</b></i></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <p><b><i>Bamboo mosaic virus</i> (BaMV)</b> is a plant pathogenic virus in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Potexvirus" title="Potexvirus">Potexvirus</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the family <i><a href="/wiki/Alphaflexiviridae" title="Alphaflexiviridae">Alphaflexiviridae</a></i>. BaMV is a filamentous, <a href="/wiki/Flexuous" title="Flexuous">flexuous</a> rod, 490&#160;nm in length and 15&#160;nm in width. The virus has been fully sequenced and it is 6366 nucleotides long.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like other members of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Potexvirus" title="Potexvirus">Potexvirus</a></i>, BaMV is a monopartite strand of positive-sense, single-stranded RNA surrounded by a <a href="/wiki/Capsid" title="Capsid">capsid</a> made for a single viral encoded protein. No insect vector is known. However, it is easily mechanically transmitted on contaminated tools used for propagation or harvesting. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamboo_mosaic_virus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It was first isolated in 1974 from two species of bamboo (<i>Bambusa multiples</i> and <i> B. vulgaris</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1991 it was reported in two other bamboo species (<i>B. oldhammi</i> and <i>Dendrocalamus latiflorus</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Bamboo plants infected with this virus have been found in other Pacific Islands like Hawaii and the Philippines. It has also been found in bamboo plants in Australia. </p><p>It was reported in the United States (San Diego Zoo, California) in 1995<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but had been tentatively diagnosed in a sample of <i>Bambusa</i> in Florida as early as 1988. Bamboo enthusiasts in Florida had observed virus-like symptoms in their collections for many years before that.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symptoms_and_host_range">Symptoms and host range</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamboo_mosaic_virus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Symptoms and host range"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The natural host of this virus is <a href="/wiki/Bamboo" title="Bamboo">bamboo</a>. It is known to infect at least 12 different species in 7 different genera.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In host range studies it has been shown to cause local lesions on <i>Chenopodium amaraticolor</i> and <i>Gomphrena globosa</i> and a systemic infection in <a href="/wiki/Barley" title="Barley">barley</a> (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>), another member of the grass family, <i><a href="/wiki/Poaceae" title="Poaceae">Poaceae</a></i> or <i>Gramineae</i>. </p><p>Symptoms in bamboo include chlorotic mottling/mosaic patterns on the leaves which run parallel with the veins <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.freshfromflorida.com/Divisions-Offices/Plant-Industry/Science/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions/Florida-Plant-Viruses-And-Their-Inclusions/Bamboo">(Typical symptoms on leaves)</a>, necrotic streaking on the shoots and stem abortion. However, not all susceptible plants show recognizable symptoms. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamboo_mosaic_virus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_mosaic_potexvirus_(BaMV)_cis-regulatory_element" title="Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element">Bamboo mosaic potexvirus (BaMV) cis-regulatory element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bamboo_mosaic_virus_satellite_RNA_cis-regulatory_element" title="Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element">Bamboo mosaic virus satellite RNA cis-regulatory element</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamboo_mosaic_virus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLinLinHuangHsu1992" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, N. S.; Lin, F. Z.; Huang, T. Y.; Hsu, Y. H. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1992Articles/Phyto82n07_731.pdf">"Genome Properties of Bamboo Mosaic Virus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Phytopathology</i>. <b>82</b> (7): <span class="nowrap">731–</span>734. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1094%2Fphyto-82-731">10.1094/phyto-82-731</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&amp;rft.atitle=Genome+Properties+of+Bamboo+Mosaic+Virus&amp;rft.volume=82&amp;rft.issue=7&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E731-%3C%2Fspan%3E734&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1094%2Fphyto-82-731&amp;rft.aulast=Lin&amp;rft.aufirst=N.+S.&amp;rft.au=Lin%2C+F.+Z.&amp;rft.au=Huang%2C+T.+Y.&amp;rft.au=Hsu%2C+Y.+H.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apsnet.org%2Fpublications%2Fphytopathology%2Fbackissues%2FDocuments%2F1992Articles%2FPhyto82n07_731.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamboo+mosaic+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20060909195531/http://phene.cpmc.columbia.edu/ICTVdB/00.056.0.01.022.htm">"ICTVdb Descriptions&#160;: Bamboo mosaic virus"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://phene.cpmc.columbia.edu/ICTVdB/00.056.0.01.022.htm">the original</a> on 2006-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ICTVdb+Descriptions+%3A+Bamboo+mosaic+virus&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphene.cpmc.columbia.edu%2FICTVdB%2F00.056.0.01.022.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamboo+mosaic+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinKitajimaCupertinoCosta1977" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, M. T.; Kitajima, E. W.; Cupertino, F. P.; Costa, C. L. (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1977Articles/Phyto67n12_1439.pdf">"Partial Purification and Some Properties of Bamboo Mosaic Virus"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Phytopathology</i>. <b>67</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1439–</span>1443. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1094%2FPhyto-67-1439">10.1094/Phyto-67-1439</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&amp;rft.atitle=Partial+Purification+and+Some+Properties+of+Bamboo+Mosaic+Virus&amp;rft.volume=67&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1439-%3C%2Fspan%3E1443&amp;rft.date=1977&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1094%2FPhyto-67-1439&amp;rft.aulast=Lin&amp;rft.aufirst=M.+T.&amp;rft.au=Kitajima%2C+E.+W.&amp;rft.au=Cupertino%2C+F.+P.&amp;rft.au=Costa%2C+C.+L.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apsnet.org%2Fpublications%2Fphytopathology%2Fbackissues%2FDocuments%2F1977Articles%2FPhyto67n12_1439.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamboo+mosaic+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinChen1991" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, N. S.; Chen, C. C. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apsnet.org/publications/phytopathology/backissues/Documents/1991Articles/Phyto81n12_1551.pdf">"Association of Bamboo Mosaic Virus (BoMV) and BoMV-Specific Electron-Dense Crystalline Bodies with Chloroplasts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Phytopathology</i>. <b>81</b> (12): <span class="nowrap">1551–</span>1555. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1094%2Fphyto-81-1551">10.1094/phyto-81-1551</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Phytopathology&amp;rft.atitle=Association+of+Bamboo+Mosaic+Virus+%28BoMV%29+and+BoMV-Specific+Electron-Dense+Crystalline+Bodies+with+Chloroplasts&amp;rft.volume=81&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1551-%3C%2Fspan%3E1555&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1094%2Fphyto-81-1551&amp;rft.aulast=Lin&amp;rft.aufirst=N.+S.&amp;rft.au=Chen%2C+C.+C.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apsnet.org%2Fpublications%2Fphytopathology%2Fbackissues%2FDocuments%2F1991Articles%2FPhyto81n12_1551.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamboo+mosaic+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinLinYeh1995" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, N. S.; Lin, B. Y.; Yeh, T. Y. (1995). "First Report of Bamboo Mosaic Virus and Its Associated Satellite RNA on Bamboo in the U.S.". <i>Plant Disease</i>. <b>79</b> (12): 1249. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1094%2Fpd-79-1249b">10.1094/pd-79-1249b</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&amp;rft.atitle=First+Report+of+Bamboo+Mosaic+Virus+and+Its+Associated+Satellite+RNA+on+Bamboo+in+the+U.S.&amp;rft.volume=79&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.pages=1249&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1094%2Fpd-79-1249b&amp;rft.aulast=Lin&amp;rft.aufirst=N.+S.&amp;rft.au=Lin%2C+B.+Y.&amp;rft.au=Yeh%2C+T.+Y.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamboo+mosaic+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFElliotZettler1996" class="citation journal cs1">Elliot, M.S.; Zettler, F.W. (1996). "Bamboo mosaic virus detected in ornamental bamboo species in Florida". <i>Proceedings of the Florida State Horticultural Society</i>. <b>109</b>: <span class="nowrap">24–</span>25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+Florida+State+Horticultural+Society&amp;rft.atitle=Bamboo+mosaic+virus+detected+in+ornamental+bamboo+species+in+Florida&amp;rft.volume=109&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E24-%3C%2Fspan%3E25&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.aulast=Elliot&amp;rft.aufirst=M.S.&amp;rft.au=Zettler%2C+F.W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamboo+mosaic+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinChaiHuangChang1993" class="citation journal cs1">Lin, N. S.; Chai, Y. J.; Huang, T. Y.; Chang, T. Y.; Hsu, Y. H. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.apsnet.org/publications/PlantDisease/BackIssues/Documents/1993Articles/PlantDisease77n05_448.pdf">"Incidence of Bamboo Mosaic Potexvirus in Taiwan"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Plant Disease</i>. <b>77</b> (55): <span class="nowrap">448–</span>450. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1094%2Fpd-77-0448">10.1094/pd-77-0448</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Plant+Disease&amp;rft.atitle=Incidence+of+Bamboo+Mosaic+Potexvirus+in+Taiwan&amp;rft.volume=77&amp;rft.issue=55&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E448-%3C%2Fspan%3E450&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1094%2Fpd-77-0448&amp;rft.aulast=Lin&amp;rft.aufirst=N.+S.&amp;rft.au=Chai%2C+Y.+J.&amp;rft.au=Huang%2C+T.+Y.&amp;rft.au=Chang%2C+T.+Y.&amp;rft.au=Hsu%2C+Y.+H.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.apsnet.org%2Fpublications%2FPlantDisease%2FBackIssues%2FDocuments%2F1993Articles%2FPlantDisease77n05_448.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABamboo+mosaic+virus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bamboo_mosaic_virus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gaiayoga.org/nursery/hawaiian_bamboo_chart.html#pict">Photos of BMV symptoms</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Taxon_identifiers" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Taxon_identifiers" title="Help:Taxon identifiers">Taxon identifiers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><i>Bamboo mosaic virus</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4853428" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q4853428">Q4853428</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Bamboo_mosaic_virus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Bamboo mosaic virus">Bamboo mosaic virus</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Catalogue_of_Life" title="Catalogue of Life">CoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/5WCGF">5WCGF</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/BAMV00">BAMV00</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&amp;id=11459172">11459172</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&amp;id=35286">35286</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐69c974fc68‐zmm6k Cached time: 20250101094155 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.341 seconds Real time usage: 0.494 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2813/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 25074/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1738/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 30893/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.277/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5866246/52428800 bytes Number of 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2009 Fremantle state by-election
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searchaux" style="display:none">Western Australian state by-election</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1247979735">.mw-parser-output .ib-election{line-height:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-data{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-label{width:5em;white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-subheader{line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ib-election .infobox-header{font-weight:normal}@media(max-width:640px){body.skin--responsive:not(.skin-monobook):not(.skin-timeless) .mw-parser-output .ib-election .notpageimage.noresize img{height:80px!important;width:auto!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-election .mw-file-description img{background-color:#f8f9fa}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1152813436">.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px;white-space:nowrap}</style><table class="infobox ib-election infobox-table vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">2009 Fremantle state by-election</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/75px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg/100px-Flag_of_Western_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><hr /></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><table style="width:100%; margin:1px; display:inline-table;"><tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; padding:0 0.5em 0 0;width:20%;" class="noprint"></td> <td style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 1px;width:60%;" class=""><b>16 May 2009</b></td> <td style="text-align:right; vertical-align:middle;; padding:0 0 0 0.5em;width:20%;" class="noprint"></td> </tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr class="sr-only"> <th style="text-align:left;">&#160; </th> <th style="text-align:center">First party </th> <th style="text-align:center">Second party </th></tr> <tr> <td>&#160; </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #10C25B;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Adele_Carles_portrait.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Adele_Carles_portrait.jpeg/141px-Adele_Carles_portrait.jpeg" decoding="async" width="141" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/78/Adele_Carles_portrait.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="164" data-file-height="175" /></a></span> </td> <td class="notheme" style="text-align:center;border-bottom: 6px solid #F00011;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Labor_Placeholder.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Labor_Placeholder.png/107px-Labor_Placeholder.png" decoding="async" width="107" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Labor_Placeholder.png/161px-Labor_Placeholder.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Labor_Placeholder.png/214px-Labor_Placeholder.png 2x" data-file-width="772" data-file-height="1080" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Candidate </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Adele_Carles" title="Adele Carles">Adele Carles</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tagliaferri" title="Peter Tagliaferri">Peter Tagliaferri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="width:75px;text-align:left">Party </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Western_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)">Labor</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Popular&#160;vote </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>8,722</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">7,632 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Percentage </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>44.06%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">38.55% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">Swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 16.50 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 0.14 </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left"><a href="/wiki/Two-party-preferred" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-party-preferred">TPP</a> </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><b>53.96%</b> </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center">46.04% </td></tr> <tr> <th style="text-align:left">TPP swing </th> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 53.96 </td> <td style="width:75px;text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Decrease"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 15.97 </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="background:transparent; color: inherit; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50%; text-align:left;"><b>MP before election</b><br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Jim_McGinty" title="Jim McGinty">Jim McGinty</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Western_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)">Labor</a> </p> </td> <td style="width:50%; text-align:right;"><b>Elected MP</b> <br /> <p><a href="/wiki/Adele_Carles" title="Adele Carles">Adele Carles</a><br /> <a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>2009 Fremantle state by-election</b> was held in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Western Australian Legislative Assembly">Western Australian Legislative Assembly</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Fremantle" title="Electoral district of Fremantle">Fremantle</a> on 16 May 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-keydates_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keydates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was triggered by the resignation of sitting member <a href="/wiki/Jim_McGinty" title="Jim McGinty">Jim McGinty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-announce_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-announce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Western_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)">Labor Party</a> was defending a seat that they had held continuously since 1924. The by-election was held in conjunction with the <a href="/wiki/2009_Western_Australian_daylight_saving_referendum" title="2009 Western Australian daylight saving referendum">state referendum</a> on daylight saving hours. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a> candidate, <a href="/wiki/Adele_Carles" title="Adele Carles">Adele Carles</a>, won the by-election, and in doing so became the first Greens candidate to be elected to an Australian state lower house of parliament in a single-member seat. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Fremantle_state_by-election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>First elected to parliament at the <a href="/wiki/1990_Fremantle_state_by-election" title="1990 Fremantle state by-election">1990 Fremantle state by-election</a>, McGinty became a minister in the Labor government of <a href="/wiki/Carmen_Lawrence" title="Carmen Lawrence">Carmen Lawrence</a> in 1991. He held several portfolios until Labor's defeat at the <a href="/wiki/1993_Western_Australian_state_election" title="1993 Western Australian state election">1993 state election</a>. In Opposition, McGinty succeeded <a href="/wiki/Ian_Taylor_(Australian_politician)" title="Ian Taylor (Australian politician)">Ian Taylor</a> as Labor leader in 1994, only to be replaced by <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Gallop" title="Geoff Gallop">Geoff Gallop</a> prior to the <a href="/wiki/1996_Western_Australian_state_election" title="1996 Western Australian state election">1996 state election</a>. After Labor returned to power at the <a href="/wiki/2001_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2001 Western Australian state election">2001 state election</a>, McGinty again became a minister. Most significantly he served for seven and half years as Attorney-General in the Labor governments of Geoff Gallop and <a href="/wiki/Alan_Carpenter" title="Alan Carpenter">Alan Carpenter</a>. </p><p>Following Labor's defeat at the <a href="/wiki/2008_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2008 Western Australian state election">2008 state election</a>, speculation among media and political commentators was that McGinty, by then almost 60 years of age, would resign his seat before the end of the term.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He confirmed that speculation on 3 April 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-announce_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-announce-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Candidates">Candidates</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Fremantle_state_by-election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Candidates"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nominations closed on 17 April 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-keydates_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-keydates-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Later that day, the Western Australian Electoral Commission revealed the names of the candidates who nominated. They are as follows, in ballot paper order:<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> - Nik Varga, a real estate agent.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Electoral_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens Electoral Council">Citizens Electoral Council</a> - Rob Totten.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> - Jan Ter Horst.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> - Carmelo Zagami. Zagami previously stood as the Liberal Party candidate for the federal division of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Fremantle" title="Division of Fremantle">Fremantle</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2004_Australian_federal_election" title="2004 Australian federal election">2004 federal election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> - Steve Boni. Boni previously stood as the Labor candidate for the district of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Roe" title="Electoral district of Roe">Roe</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2001_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2001 Western Australian state election">2001 state election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_First_Party" title="Family First Party">Family First</a> - Andriette du Plessis. Du Plessis previously stood as the Family First candidate for the federal division of <a href="/wiki/Division_of_Fremantle" title="Division of Fremantle">Fremantle</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2007_Australian_federal_election" title="2007 Australian federal election">2007 federal election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Western_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)">Labor Party</a> - <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tagliaferri" title="Peter Tagliaferri">Peter Tagliaferri</a>, Mayor of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Fremantle" title="City of Fremantle">Fremantle</a>. Tagiliaferri previously stood for this seat as an independent candidate at the <a href="/wiki/1990_Fremantle_state_by-election" title="1990 Fremantle state by-election">1990 Fremantle state by-election</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Australia)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Australia)">Christian Democratic Party</a> - Julie Hollett.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">Independent</a> - Rosemary Anne Lorrimar, a nurse who previously ran for the <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Australia)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Australia)">Christian Democratic Party</a> in <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Willagee" title="Electoral district of Willagee">Willagee</a> in <a href="/wiki/2001_Western_Australian_state_election" title="2001 Western Australian state election">2001 state election</a>. She also stood in several elections for the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Labor_Party_(Australia,_1955)" title="Democratic Labor Party (Australia, 1955)">DLP</a> in the 1970s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens WA</a> - <a href="/wiki/Adele_Carles" title="Adele Carles">Adele Carles</a>. Carles was also the Greens candidate for Fremantle at the 2008 state election and came close to defeating McGinty.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Sam Wainwright, standing for the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alliance_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alliance (Australia)">Socialist Alliance</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which is not registered as an official party.</li></ul> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_(Western_Australian_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia (Western Australian Division)">Liberal Party</a> did not field a candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Results">Results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Fremantle_state_by-election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a>' win in Fremantle was the first time a Greens candidate was elected to an Australian state lower house of parliament in a single-member seat. It was also the first time they had outpolled the <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Western_Australian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Western Australian Branch)">Labor Party</a> on the primary vote in any Labor-held seat.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Carles became the first Green to sit in the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Western Australian Legislative Assembly">Western Australian Legislative Assembly</a>, and with five members in the Parliament as a whole, the Greens achieved official parliamentary party status in Western Australia, giving them access to additional allowances, monies and staff. Carles later quit the party to sit as an independent after the publication of an affair with Liberal treasurer <a href="/wiki/Troy_Buswell" title="Troy Buswell">Troy Buswell</a>. </p> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <caption>Fremantle state by-election, 2009<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="2" style="width: 130px">Party </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 17em">Candidate </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 5em">Votes </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em">% </th> <th scope="col" style="width: 3.5em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Change in percentage value since previous election">±%</span> </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#10C25B;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adele_Carles" title="Adele Carles">Adele Carles</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">8,722 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">44.06 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+16.50 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#F00011;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Western Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tagliaferri" title="Peter Tagliaferri">Peter Tagliaferri</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">7,632 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">38.55 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−0.14 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#888888;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independent</a> </td> <td class="fn">Carmelo Zagami </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">999 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">5.05 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+5.05 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#888888;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independent</a> </td> <td class="fn">Nik Varga </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">701 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">3.54 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+3.54 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#990000;width:1px">&#160; </td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politician" title="Independent politician">Independent</a> <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Alliance_(Australia)" title="Socialist Alliance (Australia)">Socialist Alliance</a> </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sam Wainwright </td> <td style="text-align:right;">454 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">2.29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+2.29 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#888888;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independent</a> </td> <td class="fn">Steve Boni </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">340 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1.72 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+1.72 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#800080;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(Australia)" title="Christian Democratic Party (Australia)">Christian Democrats</a> </td> <td class="fn">Julie Hollett </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">339 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">1.71 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−0.15 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#00CCFF;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Family_First_Party" title="Family First Party">Family First</a> </td> <td class="fn">Andriette du Plessis </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">194 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.98 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−0.71 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#888888;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independent</a> </td> <td class="fn">Jan Ter Horst </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">188 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.95 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+0.95 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#888888;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Independent_politicians_in_Australia" title="Independent politicians in Australia">Independent</a> </td> <td class="fn">Rosemary Anne Lorrimar </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">171 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.86 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+0.86 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#666600;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Citizens_Electoral_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizens Electoral Council">Citizens Electoral Council</a> </td> <td class="fn">Rob Totten </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">56 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">0.28 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+0.28 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Total formal votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">19,796 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">95.71 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">+1.38 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6"> <th colspan="3" style="text-align:right;">Informal votes </th> <td style="text-align:right;">888 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">4.29 </td> <td style="text-align:right;">–1.38 </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em" scope="row"><a href="/wiki/Voter_turnout" title="Voter turnout">Turnout</a> </th> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">20,684 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">87.20 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+2.81 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#E9E9E9"> <th colspan="6" style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Two-candidate-preferred_vote" class="mw-redirect" title="Two-candidate-preferred vote">Two-candidate-preferred</a> result </th></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#10C25B;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Adele_Carles" title="Adele Carles">Adele Carles</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">10,664 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">53.96 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">+53.96 </td></tr> <tr class="vcard"> <td style="background-color:#F00011;width:5px"> </td> <td class="org" style="width: 170px"><a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Western Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> </td> <td class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Tagliaferri" title="Peter Tagliaferri">Peter Tagliaferri</a> </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">9,100 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">46.04 </td> <td style="text-align: right; margin-right: 0.5em">−15.97 </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#F6F6F6"> <td style="background-color:#10C25B;"> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Greens_Western_Australia" title="Greens Western Australia">Greens</a> <b>gain</b> from <a href="/wiki/Western_Australian_Labor_Party" title="Western Australian Labor Party">Labor</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/Swing_(Australian_politics)" title="Swing (Australian politics)">Swing</a></b></td> <td style="text-align:right;">N/A</td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Fremantle_state_by-election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-keydates-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-keydates_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-keydates_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090516075615/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/2009_Fremantle_By-Election/key_dates_and_deadlines.php">"2009 Fremantle By Election Key Dates"</a>. Western Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/2009_Fremantle_By-Election/key_dates_and_deadlines.php">the original</a> on 16 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2009+Fremantle+By+Election+Key+Dates&amp;rft.pub=Western+Australian+Electoral+Commission&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waec.wa.gov.au%2Felections%2Fstate_elections%2F2009_Fremantle_By-Election%2Fkey_dates_and_deadlines.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-announce-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-announce_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-announce_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.theage.com.au/breaking-news-national/mcginty-resigns-from-wa-parliament-20090403-9lkh.html">"McGinty resigns from WA parliament"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Associated_Press" title="Australian Associated Press">AAP</a>. 3 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=McGinty+resigns+from+WA+parliament&amp;rft.date=2009-04-03&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.theage.com.au%2Fbreaking-news-national%2Fmcginty-resigns-from-wa-parliament-20090403-9lkh.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120907181920/http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21598,25080368-5017005,00.html">"Speculation Jim McGinty will quit seat"</a>. PerthNow. 19 February 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.news.com.au/perthnow/story/0,21598,25080368-5017005,00.html">the original</a> on 7 September 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Speculation+Jim+McGinty+will+quit+seat&amp;rft.date=2009-02-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.news.com.au%2Fperthnow%2Fstory%2F0%2C21598%2C25080368-5017005%2C00.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090516075826/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/2009_Fremantle_By-Election/District_of_Fremantle/candidates.php">"2009 Fremantle By Election Candidates"</a>. Western Australian Electoral Commission. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/2009_Fremantle_By-Election/District_of_Fremantle/candidates.php">the original</a> on 16 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=2009+Fremantle+By+Election+Candidates&amp;rft.pub=Western+Australian+Electoral+Commission&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waec.wa.gov.au%2Felections%2Fstate_elections%2F2009_Fremantle_By-Election%2FDistrict_of_Fremantle%2Fcandidates.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKate_Campbell2008" class="citation news cs1">Kate Campbell (8 September 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080911212450/http://www.thewest.com.au/default.aspx?MenuID=77&amp;ContentID=96640">"Green gives 'arrogant' McGinty a scare and a threat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_West_Australian" title="The West Australian">The West Australian</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Green+gives+%E2%80%98arrogant%E2%80%99+McGinty+a+scare+and+a+threat&amp;rft.date=2008-09-08&amp;rft.au=Kate+Campbell&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thewest.com.au%2Fdefault.aspx%3FMenuId%3D77%26ContentID%3D96640&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKerry_Smith2009" class="citation news cs1">Kerry Smith (4 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090412213904/http://www.greenleft.org.au/2009/790/40690">"Socialist to contest Fremantle by-election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Green_Left_Weekly" class="mw-redirect" title="Green Left Weekly">Green Left Weekly</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.greenleft.org.au/2009/790/40690">the original</a> on 12 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Socialist+to+contest+Fremantle+by-election&amp;rft.date=2009-04-04&amp;rft.au=Kerry+Smith&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.greenleft.org.au%2F2009%2F790%2F40690&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2009/04/09/2539140.htm">"Liberals decide not to contest Fremantle by-election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a>. 9 April 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Liberals+decide+not+to+contest+Fremantle+by-election&amp;rft.date=2009-04-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F2009%2F04%2F09%2F2539140.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntony_Green2009" class="citation news cs1">Antony Green (16 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/elections/wa/2009/fremantle/">"2009 Fremantle By-Election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=2009+Fremantle+By-Election&amp;rft.date=2009-05-16&amp;rft.au=Antony+Green&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Felections%2Fwa%2F2009%2Ffremantle%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090516075838/http://www.waec.wa.gov.au/elections/state_elections/2009_Fremantle_By-Election/District_of_Fremantle/District_results.php">"WAEC - 2009 Fremantle By-election - Results"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 May</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=WAEC+-+2009+Fremantle+By-election+-+Results&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.waec.wa.gov.au%2Felections%2Fstate_elections%2F2009_Fremantle_By-Election%2FDistrict_of_Fremantle%2FDistrict_results.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A2009+Fremantle+state+by-election" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=2009_Fremantle_state_by-election&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntony_Green" 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Australian parliament</a> (2008–2013)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2009</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Fremantle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Willagee_state_by-election" title="2009 Willagee state by-election">Willagee</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_Armadale_state_by-election" title="2010 Armadale state by-election">Armadale</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐59ccf9db48‐cq5fq Cached time: 20250104051721 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.481 seconds 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Karounga Keïta
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mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karounga_Ke%C3%AFta" title="Karounga Keïta – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Karounga Keïta" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%A7_%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="کارونگا کیتا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کارونگا کیتا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karounga_Ke%C3%AFta" title="Karounga Keïta – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Karounga Keïta" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Malian footballer, coach, and official (1941–2023)</div> <p> <b>Karounga Keïta</b> (1941 – 5 March 2023) was a Malian <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> official, coach and player in France and Mali, and president of one of Mali's two largest club sides <a href="/wiki/Djoliba_AC" title="Djoliba AC">Djoliba AC</a>. </p><p>Keïta was born in <a href="/wiki/Toukoto" title="Toukoto">Toukoto</a>, Mali on September 22, 1941.<sup id="cite_ref-GIR_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Keïta played for former <a href="/wiki/Bamako" title="Bamako">Bamako</a> football club <i>Sport Afrique</i> in the late 1950s. When Mali gained independence, the football leagues were reorganised, and <i>Sport Afrique</i> was merged with <i>Foyer du Soudan</i> to form Djoliba AC. Keïta played with the new club from their creation in 1960 to 1962, when he traveled to France to pursue a law degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux" title="University of Bordeaux">University of Bordeaux</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PANA2009_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANA2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While in Bordeaux he was recruited to play for local professional side <a href="/wiki/Girondins_de_Bordeaux" class="mw-redirect" title="Girondins de Bordeaux">Girondins de Bordeaux</a> in 1963. He remained as a striker in the French top flight until 1969, making appearances for the Malian National team.<sup id="cite_ref-GIR_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GIR-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He then returned to Mali in 1972, and became coach of his former club.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2005, he became Vice President of the <a href="/wiki/Malian_Football_Federation" title="Malian Football Federation">Malian Football Federation</a>, the nation's football governing body, and was elected president of Djoliba AC in 1990.<sup id="cite_ref-PANA2009_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANA2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Keïta was in 2009 re-elected President of Djoliba to a four-year term.<sup id="cite_ref-PANA2009_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PANA2009-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Keïta died on 5 March 2023, at the age of 81.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karounga_Ke%C3%AFta&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GIR-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GIR_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GIR_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.girondins4ever.com/aff_joueurs.php?id=191">KEITA Karouga</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071027223940/http://www.girondins4ever.com/aff_joueurs.php?id=191">Archived</a> 27 October 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> girondins4ever.com (2004–2006) accessed 2 April 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PANA2009-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PANA2009_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANA2009_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PANA2009_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/karounga-keita-re-elected-president-of-djoliba-fc-of-bamako-2009040124746.html">Karounga Keita re-elected president of Djoliba FC of Bamako</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090402214915/http://www.afriquejet.com/news/africa-news/karounga-keita-re-elected-president-of-djoliba-fc-of-bamako-2009040124746.html">Archived</a> 2 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. PANA Press, 31 March 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.africafoot.com/coupes/special_mali_2002/salif_domingo.html">Salif Keita, l'Aigle du Mali</a>. Carly Mouna, AfricaFoot. 22 June 2002. Accessed 2 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.essor.gov.ml/cgi-bin/view_article.pl?id=14671">Assemblée générale du Djoliba&#160;: un nouveau bail pour KAROUNGA KEÏTA</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090429122531/http://www.essor.gov.ml/cgi-bin/view_article.pl?id=14671">Archived</a> 29 April 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. l'Essor n15891 – 12 February 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.girondins.com/fr/news/36240/disparition-de-karounga-keita">"Disparition de Karounga Keita"</a>. girondins.com. 7 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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1959–60 Boston Bruins season
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<li id="toc-Regular_season_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regular_season_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Regular season</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regular_season_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_records" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_records"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Awards and records</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_records-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farm_teams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farm_teams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Farm teams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farm_teams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">NHL team season</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width:25em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#dddddd;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_NHL_season" title="1959–60 NHL season">1959–60</a> <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Division</th><td class="infobox-data">5th NHL</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1959–60 record</th><td class="infobox-data">28–34–8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Goals for</th><td class="infobox-data">220</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Goals against</th><td class="infobox-data">241</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cccccc;">Team information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">General manager</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Patrick" title="Lynn Patrick">Lynn Patrick</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coach</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Milt_Schmidt" title="Milt Schmidt">Milt Schmidt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(ice_hockey)" title="Captain (ice hockey)">Captain</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Fernie_Flaman" title="Fernie Flaman">Fernie Flaman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Captain_(ice_hockey)#Alternate_captains" title="Captain (ice hockey)">Alternate captains</a></th><td class="infobox-data">None</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Arena</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Garden" title="Boston Garden">Boston Garden</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#cccccc;">Team leaders</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">Goals</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronco_Horvath" title="Bronco Horvath">Bronco Horvath</a> (39)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Assist_(ice_hockey)" title="Assist (ice hockey)">Assists</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Don_McKenney" title="Don McKenney">Don McKenney</a> (49)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Point_(ice_hockey)" title="Point (ice hockey)">Points</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bronco_Horvath" title="Bronco Horvath">Bronco Horvath</a> (80)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">Penalty minutes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Stasiuk" title="Vic Stasiuk">Vic Stasiuk</a> (121)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Wins</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lumley_(ice_hockey)" title="Harry Lumley (ice hockey)">Harry Lumley</a> (16)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Goals_against_average" title="Goals against average">Goals against average</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Don_Simmons_(ice_hockey)" title="Don Simmons (ice hockey)">Don Simmons</a> (3.25)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px;"><div style="width:100%"><div style="float: left; text-align:left;padding-right:0.5em;" class="noprint">&#8592;&#160;<a href="/wiki/1958%E2%80%9359_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1958–59 Boston Bruins season">1958–59</a></div><div style="float: right; text-align:right;padding-left:0.5em;" class="noprint"><a href="/wiki/1960%E2%80%9361_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1960–61 Boston Bruins season">1960–61</a>&#160;&#8594;</div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>1959–60 <a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a> season</b> saw the Bruins finish in fifth place in the <a href="/wiki/National_Hockey_League" title="National Hockey League">National Hockey League</a> (NHL) with a record of 28 wins, 34 losses, and 8 ties for 64 points. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Regular_season">Regular season</h2><span 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season">Montreal Canadiens</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>40</td> <td>18</td> <td>12</td> <td>255</td> <td>178</td> <td>+77</td> <td>92 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> <td>2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">Toronto Maple Leafs</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>35</td> <td>26</td> <td>9</td> <td>199</td> <td>195</td> <td>+4</td> <td>79 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> <td>3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">Chicago Black Hawks</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>28</td> <td>29</td> <td>13</td> <td>191</td> <td>180</td> <td>+11</td> <td>69 </td></tr> <tr style="font-weight: bold; text-align: center;"> <td>4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">Detroit Red Wings</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>26</td> <td>29</td> <td>15</td> <td>186</td> <td>197</td> <td>−11</td> <td>67 </td></tr> <tr style="border-top:2px solid #a9a9a9;text-align:center;background-color:#CCFFCC"> <td>5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boston Bruins</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>28</td> <td>34</td> <td>8</td> <td>220</td> <td>241</td> <td>−21</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td>6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">New York Rangers</a></td> <td>70</td> <td>17</td> <td>38</td> <td>15</td> <td>187</td> <td>247</td> <td>−60</td> <td>49 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Record_vs._opponents">Record vs. opponents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Record vs. opponents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%; text-align:center;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="13"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_NHL_season" title="1959–60 NHL season">1959–60</a> NHL Records <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th width="100">Team </th> <th style="color:white; background:#000000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;; width:45px"><b>BOS</b> </th> <th style="color:white; background:#CE1126; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #000000, inset -2px -2px 0 #000000;; width:45px"><b>CHI</b> </th> <th style="color:white; background:#C8102E; width:45px"><b>DET</b> </th> <th style="color:white; background:#AF1E2D; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #192168, inset -2px -2px 0 #192168;; width:45px"><b>MTL</b> </th> <th style="color:white; background:#00205b; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #c8102e, inset -2px -2px 0 #c8102e;; width:45px"><b>NYR</b> </th> <th style="color:white; background:#00205B; width:45px"><b>TOR</b> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;background-color:#CCFFCC"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boston</a> </td> <td>—</td> <td>5–6–3</td> <td>5–8–1</td> <td>4–8</td> <td>8–4–2</td> <td>6–6–2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">Chicago</a> </td> <td>6–5–3</td> <td>—</td> <td>4–8–2</td> <td>3–7–4</td> <td>11–1–2</td> <td>4–8–2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">Detroit</a> </td> <td>8–5–1</td> <td>8–4–2</td> <td>—</td> <td>2–7–5</td> <td>4–6–4</td> <td>4–9–1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">Montreal</a> </td> <td>8–4</td> <td>7–3–4</td> <td>7–2–5</td> <td>—</td> <td>6–6–2</td> <td>10–3–1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">New York</a> </td> <td>4–8–2</td> <td>1–11–2</td> <td>6–4–4</td> <td>6–6–2</td> <td>—</td> <td>2–9–3 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">Toronto</a> </td> <td>6–6–2</td> <td>8–4–2</td> <td>9–4–1</td> <td>3–10–1</td> <td>9–2–3</td> <td>— </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Schedule_and_results">Schedule and results</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Schedule and results"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable collapsible autocollapse" width="70%"> <caption>Regular season schedule </caption> <tbody><tr> <th width="2%">No. </th> <th width="3%">R </th> <th width="10%">Date </th> <th width="5%">Score </th> <th width="20%">Opponent </th> <th width="10%">Record </th></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>1</td> <td>L</td> <td>October 8, 1959</td> <td>1–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>0–1–0 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>2</td> <td>W</td> <td>October 10, 1959</td> <td>6–4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>1–1–0 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>3</td> <td>W</td> <td>October 11, 1959</td> <td>8–4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>2–1–0 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>4</td> <td>W</td> <td>October 14, 1959</td> <td>4–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>3–1–0 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>5</td> <td>L</td> <td>October 17, 1959</td> <td>0–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>3–2–0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>6</td> <td>T</td> <td>October 18, 1959</td> <td>2–2</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>3–2–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>7</td> <td>L</td> <td>October 22, 1959</td> <td>1–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>3–3–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>8</td> <td>L</td> <td>October 24, 1959</td> <td>1–5</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>3–4–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>9</td> <td>W</td> <td>October 29, 1959</td> <td>2–1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>4–4–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>10</td> <td>L</td> <td>October 31, 1959</td> <td>3–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>4–5–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>11</td> <td>W</td> <td>November 1, 1959</td> <td>6–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>5–5–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>12</td> <td>W</td> <td>November 3, 1959</td> <td>6–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>6–5–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>13</td> <td>W</td> <td>November 5, 1959</td> <td>8–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>7–5–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>14</td> <td>W</td> <td>November 8, 1959</td> <td>5–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–5–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>15</td> <td>L</td> <td>November 11, 1959</td> <td>3–6</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–6–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>16</td> <td>L</td> <td>November 12, 1959</td> <td>5–6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–7–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>17</td> <td>L</td> <td>November 14, 1959</td> <td>1–8</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–8–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>18</td> <td>L</td> <td>November 15, 1959</td> <td>1–4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–9–1 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>19</td> <td>T</td> <td>November 21, 1959</td> <td>3–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–9–2 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>20</td> <td>L</td> <td>November 22, 1959</td> <td>1–2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–10–2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>21</td> <td>T</td> <td>November 25, 1959</td> <td>3–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>8–10–3 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>22</td> <td>W</td> <td>November 26, 1959</td> <td>4–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>9–10–3 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>23</td> <td>T</td> <td>November 28, 1959</td> <td>2–2</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>9–10–4 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>24</td> <td>L</td> <td>November 29, 1959</td> <td>2–4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>9–11–4 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>25</td> <td>T</td> <td>December 2, 1959</td> <td>2–2</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>9–11–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>26</td> <td>L</td> <td>December 5, 1959</td> <td>3–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>9–12–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>27</td> <td>L</td> <td>December 6, 1959</td> <td>3–6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>9–13–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>28</td> <td>W</td> <td>December 10, 1959</td> <td>6–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>10–13–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>29</td> <td>L</td> <td>December 12, 1959</td> <td>3–4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>10–14–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>30</td> <td>L</td> <td>December 13, 1959</td> <td>3–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>10–15–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>31</td> <td>L</td> <td>December 16, 1959</td> <td>0–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>10–16–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>32</td> <td>L</td> <td>December 20, 1959</td> <td>2–4</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>10–17–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>33</td> <td>W</td> <td>December 25, 1959</td> <td>5–1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>11–17–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>34</td> <td>L</td> <td>December 27, 1959</td> <td>1–6</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>11–18–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>35</td> <td>W</td> <td>December 29, 1959</td> <td>4–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>12–18–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>36</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 1, 1960</td> <td>7–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>13–18–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>37</td> <td>L</td> <td>January 2, 1960</td> <td>5–6</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>13–19–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>38</td> <td>L</td> <td>January 3, 1960</td> <td>3–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>13–20–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>39</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 7, 1960</td> <td>5–1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>14–20–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>40</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 9, 1960</td> <td>3–2</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>15–20–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>41</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 10, 1960</td> <td>4–0</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>16–20–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>42</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 14, 1960</td> <td>6–0</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>17–20–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>43</td> <td>L</td> <td>January 16, 1960</td> <td>2–8</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>17–21–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>44</td> <td>L</td> <td>January 17, 1960</td> <td>1–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>17–22–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>45</td> <td>L</td> <td>January 20, 1960</td> <td>1–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>17–23–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>46</td> <td>L</td> <td>January 21, 1960</td> <td>2–5</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>17–24–5 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>47</td> <td>T</td> <td>January 23, 1960</td> <td>3–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>17–24–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>48</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 24, 1960</td> <td>6–2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>18–24–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>49</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 30, 1960</td> <td>3–2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>19–24–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>50</td> <td>W</td> <td>January 31, 1960</td> <td>6–5</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>20–24–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>51</td> <td>L</td> <td>February 4, 1960</td> <td>2–7</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>20–25–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>52</td> <td>L</td> <td>February 6, 1960</td> <td>3–5</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>20–26–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>53</td> <td>W</td> <td>February 7, 1960</td> <td>3–0</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>21–26–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>54</td> <td>W</td> <td>February 11, 1960</td> <td>3–2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>22–26–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>55</td> <td>W</td> <td>February 13, 1960</td> <td>7–6</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>23–26–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>56</td> <td>W</td> <td>February 14, 1960</td> <td>3–0</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>24–26–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>57</td> <td>L</td> <td>February 17, 1960</td> <td>1–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>24–27–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>58</td> <td>L</td> <td>February 20, 1960</td> <td>1–4</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>24–28–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>59</td> <td>L</td> <td>February 21, 1960</td> <td>2–7</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>24–29–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>60</td> <td>W</td> <td>February 27, 1960</td> <td>3–1</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>25–29–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>61</td> <td>L</td> <td>March 1, 1960</td> <td>2–3</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>25–30–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>62</td> <td>L</td> <td>March 3, 1960</td> <td>0–2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>25–31–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>63</td> <td>L</td> <td>March 5, 1960</td> <td>2–5</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>25–32–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>64</td> <td>L</td> <td>March 6, 1960</td> <td>1–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Maple_Leafs" title="Toronto Maple Leafs">Toronto Maple Leafs</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>25–33–6 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>65</td> <td>T</td> <td>March 10, 1960</td> <td>3–3</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>25–33–7 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>66</td> <td>W</td> <td>March 12, 1960</td> <td>5–1</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Detroit_Red_Wings" title="Detroit Red Wings">Detroit Red Wings</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>26–33–7 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>67</td> <td>W</td> <td>March 13, 1960</td> <td>3–2</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>27–33–7 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"> <td>68</td> <td>W</td> <td>March 16, 1960</td> <td>3–2</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/New_York_Rangers" title="New York Rangers">New York Rangers</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>28–33–7 </td></tr> <tr align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"> <td>69</td> <td>L</td> <td>March 19, 1960</td> <td>1–5</td> <td align="left">@ <a href="/wiki/Montreal_Canadiens" title="Montreal Canadiens">Montreal Canadiens</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>28–34–7 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td>70</td> <td>T</td> <td>March 20, 1960</td> <td>5–5</td> <td align="left"><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Blackhawks" title="Chicago Blackhawks">Chicago Black Hawks</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">1959–60</a>)</small></td> <td>28–34–8 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playoffs">Playoffs</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Playoffs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boston's fifth-place finish caused them to miss the <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> playoffs for the first time since the <a href="/wiki/1955%E2%80%9356_NHL_season" title="1955–56 NHL season">1955–56 season</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Player_statistics">Player statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Player statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regular_season_2">Regular season</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Regular season"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Scoring</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="60%"> <tbody><tr align="center"> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="10%">Player </th> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="3%" title="Position">Pos </th> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" title="Games played">GP </th> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" title="Goals">G </th> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" title="Assists">A </th> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" title="Points">Pts </th> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="5%" title="Penalties in Minutes">PIM </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Horvath, Bronco"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bronco_Horvath" title="Bronco Horvath">Bronco Horvath</a></span></span></span></td> <td>C</td> <td>68</td> <td>39</td> <td>41</td> <td>80</td> <td>60 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="McKenney, Don"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Don_McKenney" title="Don McKenney">Don McKenney</a></span></span></span></td> <td>C</td> <td>70</td> <td>20</td> <td>49</td> <td>69</td> <td>28 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Stasiuk, Vic"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Vic_Stasiuk" title="Vic Stasiuk">Vic Stasiuk</a></span></span></span></td> <td>LW</td> <td>69</td> <td>29</td> <td>39</td> <td>68</td> <td>121 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Bucyk, John"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/John_Bucyk" class="mw-redirect" title="John Bucyk">John Bucyk</a></span></span></span></td> <td>LW</td> <td>56</td> <td>16</td> <td>36</td> <td>52</td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Mohns, Doug"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Doug_Mohns" title="Doug Mohns">Doug Mohns</a></span></span></span></td> <td>LW/D</td> <td>65</td> <td>20</td> <td>25</td> <td>45</td> <td>62 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Toppazzini, Jerry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Toppazzini" title="Jerry Toppazzini">Jerry Toppazzini</a></span></span></span></td> <td>RW</td> <td>69</td> <td>12</td> <td>33</td> <td>45</td> <td>26 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Labine, Leo"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Labine" title="Leo Labine">Leo Labine</a></span></span></span></td> <td>RW</td> <td>63</td> <td>16</td> <td>28</td> <td>44</td> <td>58 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Gendron, Jean-Guy"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Jean-Guy_Gendron" title="Jean-Guy Gendron">Jean-Guy Gendron</a></span></span></span></td> <td>LW</td> <td>67</td> <td>24</td> <td>11</td> <td>35</td> <td>64 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Burns, Charlie"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Burns" title="Charlie Burns">Charlie Burns</a></span></span></span></td> <td>C</td> <td>62</td> <td>10</td> <td>17</td> <td>27</td> <td>46 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Boivin, Leo"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Leo_Boivin" title="Leo Boivin">Leo Boivin</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>70</td> <td>4</td> <td>21</td> <td>25</td> <td>66 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="MacKell, Fleming"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fleming_MacKell" class="mw-redirect" title="Fleming MacKell">Fleming MacKell</a></span></span></span></td> <td>C</td> <td>47</td> <td>7</td> <td>15</td> <td>22</td> <td>19 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Flaman, Fern"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Fern_Flaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Fern Flaman">Fern Flaman</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>60</td> <td>2</td> <td>18</td> <td>20</td> <td>112 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Leach, Larry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Leach_(ice_hockey)" title="Larry Leach (ice hockey)">Larry Leach</a></span></span></span></td> <td>C</td> <td>69</td> <td>7</td> <td>12</td> <td>19</td> <td>47 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Armstrong, Bob"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Bob_Armstrong_(ice_hockey,_born_1931)" title="Bob Armstrong (ice hockey, born 1931)">Bob Armstrong</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>69</td> <td>5</td> <td>14</td> <td>19</td> <td>96 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Meissner, Dick"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dick_Meissner" title="Dick Meissner">Dick Meissner</a></span></span></span></td> <td>RW</td> <td>60</td> <td>5</td> <td>6</td> <td>11</td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Erickson, Aut"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Aut_Erickson" title="Aut Erickson">Aut Erickson</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>58</td> <td>1</td> <td>6</td> <td>7</td> <td>29 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Davis, Lorne"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Lorne_Davis" title="Lorne Davis">Lorne Davis</a></span></span></span></td> <td>RW</td> <td>10</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>10 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Smith, Dallas"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Smith_(ice_hockey)" title="Dallas Smith (ice hockey)">Dallas Smith</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>5</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Mickoski, Nick"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Nick_Mickoski" title="Nick Mickoski">Nick Mickoski</a></span></span></span></td> <td>LW</td> <td>18</td> <td>1</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Hillman, Larry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hillman" title="Larry Hillman">Larry Hillman</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Ward, Don"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Don_Ward_(ice_hockey)" title="Don Ward (ice hockey)">Don Ward</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>31</td> <td>0</td> <td>1</td> <td>1</td> <td>16 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Baluik, Stan"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Stan_Baluik" title="Stan Baluik">Stan Baluik</a></span></span></span></td> <td>C</td> <td>7</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Gagne, Pierre"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gagne" title="Pierre Gagne">Pierre Gagne</a></span></span></span></td> <td>LW</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Lumley, Harry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lumley_(ice_hockey)" title="Harry Lumley (ice hockey)">Harry Lumley</a></span></span></span></td> <td>G</td> <td>42</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>12 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Rolfe, Dale"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Dale_Rolfe" title="Dale Rolfe">Dale Rolfe</a></span></span></span></td> <td>D</td> <td>3</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Simmons, Don"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Don_Simmons_(ice_hockey)" title="Don Simmons (ice hockey)">Don Simmons</a></span></span></span></td> <td>G</td> <td>28</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>4 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Turlick, Gord"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Gord_Turlick" class="mw-redirect" title="Gord Turlick">Gord Turlick</a></span></span></span></td> <td>LW/C</td> <td>2</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>0</td> <td>2 </td></tr></tbody></table> <dl><dt>Goaltending</dt></dl> <table class="wikitable sortable" width="60%"> <tbody><tr> <th bgcolor="#DDDDFF" width="10%">Player </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Minutes played">MIN </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Games played in">GP </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Wins">W </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Losses">L </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Ties">T </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Goals against">GA </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Goals against average">GAA </th> <th width="3%" bgcolor="#DDDDFF" title="Shut-outs">SO </th></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Lumley, Harry"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Harry_Lumley_(ice_hockey)" title="Harry Lumley (ice hockey)">Harry Lumley</a></span></span></span></td> <td>2520</td> <td>42</td> <td>16</td> <td>21</td> <td>5</td> <td>146</td> <td>3.48</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><span data-sort-value="Simmons, Don"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Don_Simmons_(ice_hockey)" title="Don Simmons (ice hockey)">Don Simmons</a></span></span></span></td> <td>1680</td> <td>28</td> <td>12</td> <td>13</td> <td>3</td> <td>91</td> <td>3.25</td> <td>2 </td></tr> <tr align="center"> <td align="right"><b>Team:</b></td> <td>4200</td> <td>70</td> <td>28</td> <td>34</td> <td>8</td> <td>237</td> <td>3.39</td> <td>4 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="font-size: 85%;">Note: <dl><dd><b>Pos</b>&#160;=&#160;Position; <b>GPI</b>&#160;=&#160;Games played in; <b>G</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Goal_(ice_hockey)" title="Goal (ice hockey)">Goals</a>; <b>A</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Assist_(ice_hockey)" title="Assist (ice hockey)">Assists</a>; <b>Pts</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Point_(ice_hockey)" title="Point (ice hockey)">Points</a>; <b>PIM</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Penalty_(ice_hockey)" title="Penalty (ice hockey)">Penalty minutes</a>; <b>+/-</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Plus%E2%80%93minus_(sports)" title="Plus–minus (sports)">Plus/minus</a>; <b>PPG</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Power_play#Ice_hockey" title="Power play">Power-play goals</a>; <b>SHG</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Short-handed" title="Short-handed">Short-handed goals</a>; <b>GWG</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey_statistics" title="Ice hockey statistics">Game-winning goals</a><br /></dd> <dd><b>Min, TOI</b>&#160;=&#160;Minutes played; <b>W</b>&#160;=&#160;Wins; <b>L</b>&#160;=&#160;Losses; <b>T,T/OT</b>&#160;=&#160;Ties; <b>OTL</b>&#160;=&#160;Overtime losses; <b>GA</b>&#160;=&#160;Goals-against; <b>GAA</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Goals_against_average" title="Goals against average">Goals-against average</a>; <b>SO</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Shutout#Ice_hockey" title="Shutout">Shutouts</a>; <b>SA</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Shot_(ice_hockey)" title="Shot (ice hockey)">Shots</a>&#160;against; <b>SV</b>&#160;=&#160;Shots&#160;<a href="/wiki/Save_(goaltender)" title="Save (goaltender)">saved</a>; <b>SV%</b>&#160;=&#160;<a href="/wiki/Save_percentage" title="Save percentage">Save percentage</a>; </dd></dl></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_records">Awards and records</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Awards and records"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bronco_Horvath" title="Bronco Horvath">Bronco Horvath</a>, Centre, NHL Second All-Star Team</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_McKenney" title="Don McKenney">Don McKenney</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lady_Byng_Memorial_Trophy" title="Lady Byng Memorial Trophy">Lady Byng Memorial Trophy</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transactions">Transactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Transactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Claim Aut Erikson from Chicago, Charlie Burns from Detroit and Bruce Gamble from New York. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Farm_teams">Farm teams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1959%E2%80%9360_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Farm teams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nhl.com/ice/standings.htm?season=19591960&amp;type=DIV">"1959–1960 Division Standings Standings - NHL.com - Standings"</a>. National Hockey League.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=1959%E2%80%931960+Division+Standings+Standings+-+NHL.com+-+Standings&amp;rft.pub=National+Hockey+League&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Fice%2Fstandings.htm%3Fseason%3D19591960%26type%3DDIV&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1959%E2%80%9360+Boston+Bruins+season" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nhl.com/info/all-time-nhl-playoff-results">"All-Time NHL Results"</a>. <i>NHL.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 25,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=NHL.com&amp;rft.atitle=All-Time+NHL+Results&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nhl.com%2Finfo%2Fall-time-nhl-playoff-results&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1959%E2%80%9360+Boston+Bruins+season" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/BOS/">Boston Bruins franchise index at Hockey Reference</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hockey-reference.com/teams/BOS/1960.html">"1959-60 Boston Bruins Statistics - Hockey-Reference.com"</a>. hockey-reference.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 9,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=1959-60+Boston+Bruins+Statistics+-+Hockey-Reference.com&amp;rft.pub=hockey-reference.com&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hockey-reference.com%2Fteams%2FBOS%2F1960.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1959%E2%80%9360+Boston+Bruins+season" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:1959%E2%80%9360_NHL_season_by_team" title="Template:1959–60 NHL season by team"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:1959%E2%80%9360_NHL_season_by_team" title="Template talk:1959–60 NHL season by team"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:1959%E2%80%9360_NHL_season_by_team" title="Special:EditPage/Template:1959–60 NHL season by team"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="1959–60_NHL_season" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_NHL_season" title="1959–60 NHL season">1959–60 NHL season</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Chicago_Black_Hawks_season" title="1959–60 Chicago Black Hawks season">Chicago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Detroit_Red_Wings_season" title="1959–60 Detroit Red Wings season">Detroit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Montreal_Canadiens_season" title="1959–60 Montreal Canadiens season">Montreal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_New_York_Rangers_season" title="1959–60 New York Rangers season">New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959%E2%80%9360_Toronto_Maple_Leafs_season" title="1959–60 Toronto Maple Leafs season">Toronto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/13th_National_Hockey_League_All-Star_Game" title="13th National Hockey League All-Star Game">All-Star Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_NHL_intra-league_draft" class="mw-redirect" title="1959 NHL intra-league draft">Intra-league draft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Stanley_Cup_playoffs" title="1960 Stanley Cup playoffs">Stanley Cup playoffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1960_Stanley_Cup_Finals" title="1960 Stanley Cup Finals">Stanley Cup Finals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boston_Bruins" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border-top: 5px solid #010101;border-bottom: 5px solid #FFB81C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boston_Bruins" title="Template:Boston Bruins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boston_Bruins" title="Template talk:Boston Bruins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boston_Bruins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boston Bruins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boston_Bruins" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Boston Bruins</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;"><div> <ul><li>Founded in <b><a href="/wiki/1924%E2%80%9325_NHL_season" title="1924–25 NHL season">1924</a></b></li> <li>Based in <b><a href="/wiki/Boston" title="Boston">Boston, Massachusetts</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">Franchise</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins" title="Boston Bruins">Team</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_general_managers" title="List of Boston Bruins general managers">General managers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_head_coaches" title="List of Boston Bruins head coaches">Coaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_players" title="List of Boston Bruins players">Players</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins#Team_captains" title="Boston Bruins">Captains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_draft_picks" title="List of Boston Bruins draft picks">Draft picks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_seasons" title="List of Boston Bruins seasons">Seasons</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2024–25 Boston Bruins season">Current season</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Boston_Bruins" title="History of the Boston Bruins">History</a> (<a href="/wiki/Original_Six" title="Original Six">Original Six</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_records" title="List of Boston Bruins records">Records</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_award_winners" title="List of Boston Bruins award winners">Award winners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins#Retired_numbers" title="Boston Bruins">Retired numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_broadcasters" title="List of Boston Bruins broadcasters">Broadcasters</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">Personnel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Owner(s)</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Jacobs" title="Jeremy Jacobs">Jeremy Jacobs</a></dd> <dt>General manager</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Don_Sweeney" title="Don Sweeney">Don Sweeney</a></dd> <dt>Head coach</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Joe_Sacco_(ice_hockey)" title="Joe Sacco (ice hockey)">Joe Sacco</a> (interim)</dd> <dt>Team captain</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brad_Marchand" title="Brad Marchand">Brad Marchand</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Boston_Bruins_roster" title="Template:Boston Bruins roster">Current roster</a></dt></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">Arenas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthews_Arena" title="Matthews Arena">Boston Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston_Garden" title="Boston Garden">Boston Garden</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/TD_Garden" title="TD Garden">TD Garden</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bruins%E2%80%93Canadiens_rivalry" title="Bruins–Canadiens rivalry">Montreal Canadiens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruins%E2%80%93Flyers_rivalry" title="Bruins–Flyers rivalry">Philadelphia Flyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruins%E2%80%93Maple_Leafs_rivalry" title="Bruins–Maple Leafs rivalry">Toronto Maple Leafs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">Affiliates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/American_Hockey_League" title="American Hockey League">AHL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Providence_Bruins" title="Providence Bruins">Providence Bruins</a></dd> <dt><a href="/wiki/ECHL" title="ECHL">ECHL</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maine_Mariners_(ECHL)" title="Maine Mariners (ECHL)">Maine Mariners</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>TV</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/NESN" title="NESN">NESN</a></dd> <dt>Radio</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/WBZ-FM" title="WBZ-FM">WBZ-FM</a>/<a href="/wiki/Boston_Bruins_Radio_Network" title="Boston Bruins Radio Network">Radio Network</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">Culture and lore</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Warrior_Ice_Arena" title="Warrior Ice Arena">Warrior Ice Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rene_Rancourt" title="Rene Rancourt">Rene Rancourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bobby_Orr" title="Bobby Orr">The Goal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willie_O%27Ree" title="Willie O&#39;Ree">Willie O'Ree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Station" title="North Station">North Station</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Bear_and_the_Gang" title="Bear and the Gang">Bear and the Gang</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Kernkraft_400" title="Kernkraft 400">Kernkraft 400</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Gilmore" title="Happy Gilmore">Happy Gilmore</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sports_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="The Sports Museum">The Sports Museum of New England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruins%E2%80%93Flyers_rivalry" title="Bruins–Flyers rivalry">The Big Bad Bruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kraut_line" title="Kraut line">The Kraut Line</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blackout_(Dropkick_Murphys_album)" title="Blackout (Dropkick Murphys album)">Time to Go</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_Boston_Bruins_exhibition_game_in_Newfoundland" title="1956 Boston Bruins exhibition game in Newfoundland">1956 exhibition game in Newfoundland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_NHL_Winter_Classic" title="2010 NHL Winter Classic">2010 Winter Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_NHL_Winter_Classic" title="2016 NHL Winter Classic">2016 Winter Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_NHL_Winter_Classic" title="2019 NHL Winter Classic">2019 Winter Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHL_Outdoors_at_Lake_Tahoe" title="NHL Outdoors at Lake Tahoe">Outdoors at Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_NHL_Winter_Classic" title="2023 NHL Winter Classic">2023 Winter Classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2022–23 Boston Bruins season">65 wins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHL_Big_City_Greens_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="NHL Big City Greens Classic">2024 Big City Greens Classic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #010101, inset -2px -2px 0 #010101;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Boston_Bruins" title="Category:Boston Bruins">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Ice_Hockey/Boston_Bruins_task_force" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Ice Hockey/Boston Bruins task force">WikiProject</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Boston_Bruins" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Boston Bruins">Commons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Boston_Bruins_seasons" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; border-top: 5px solid #010101;border-bottom: 5px solid #FFB81C;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Boston_Bruins_seasons" title="Template:Boston Bruins seasons"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Boston_Bruins_seasons" title="Template talk:Boston Bruins seasons"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Boston_Bruins_seasons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Boston Bruins seasons"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Boston_Bruins_seasons" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Boston_Bruins_seasons" title="List of Boston Bruins seasons">Boston Bruins seasons</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1920s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="visibility:hidden">1920–21 . 1921–22 . 1922–23 . 1923–24 .</span> <a href="/wiki/1924%E2%80%9325_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1924–25 Boston Bruins season">1924–25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925%E2%80%9326_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1925–26 Boston Bruins season">1925–26</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926%E2%80%9327_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1926–27 Boston Bruins season">1926–27</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927%E2%80%9328_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1927–28 Boston Bruins season">1927–28</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: gainsboro;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/1928%E2%80%9329_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1928–29 Boston Bruins season">1928–29</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929%E2%80%9330_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1929–30 Boston Bruins season">1929–30</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1930s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930%E2%80%9331_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1930–31 Boston Bruins season">1930–31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931%E2%80%9332_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1931–32 Boston Bruins season">1931–32</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932%E2%80%9333_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1932–33 Boston Bruins season">1932–33</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933%E2%80%9334_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1933–34 Boston Bruins season">1933–34</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934%E2%80%9335_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1934–35 Boston Bruins season">1934–35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935%E2%80%9336_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1935–36 Boston Bruins season">1935–36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936%E2%80%9337_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1936–37 Boston Bruins season">1936–37</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937%E2%80%9338_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1937–38 Boston Bruins season">1937–38</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: gainsboro;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/1938%E2%80%9339_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1938–39 Boston Bruins season">1938–39</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939%E2%80%9340_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1939–40 Boston Bruins season">1939–40</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1940s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="background-color: gainsboro;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/1940%E2%80%9341_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1940–41 Boston Bruins season">1940–41</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941%E2%80%9342_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1941–42 Boston Bruins season">1941–42</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942%E2%80%9343_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1942–43 Boston Bruins season">1942–43</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943%E2%80%9344_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1943–44 Boston Bruins season">1943–44</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944%E2%80%9345_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1944–45 Boston Bruins season">1944–45</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945%E2%80%9346_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1945–46 Boston Bruins season">1945–46</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946%E2%80%9347_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1946–47 Boston Bruins season">1946–47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947%E2%80%9348_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1947–48 Boston Bruins season">1947–48</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948%E2%80%9349_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1948–49 Boston Bruins season">1948–49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949%E2%80%9350_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1949–50 Boston Bruins season">1949–50</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1950s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950%E2%80%9351_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1950–51 Boston Bruins season">1950–51</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951%E2%80%9352_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1951–52 Boston Bruins season">1951–52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952%E2%80%9353_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1952–53 Boston Bruins season">1952–53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953%E2%80%9354_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1953–54 Boston Bruins season">1953–54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954%E2%80%9355_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1954–55 Boston Bruins season">1954–55</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955%E2%80%9356_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1955–56 Boston Bruins season">1955–56</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956%E2%80%9357_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1956–57 Boston Bruins season">1956–57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957%E2%80%9358_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1957–58 Boston Bruins season">1957–58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958%E2%80%9359_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1958–59 Boston Bruins season">1958–59</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1959–60</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1960s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960%E2%80%9361_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1960–61 Boston Bruins season">1960–61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961%E2%80%9362_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1961–62 Boston Bruins season">1961–62</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962%E2%80%9363_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1962–63 Boston Bruins season">1962–63</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963%E2%80%9364_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1963–64 Boston Bruins season">1963–64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964%E2%80%9365_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1964–65 Boston Bruins season">1964–65</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965%E2%80%9366_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1965–66 Boston Bruins season">1965–66</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966%E2%80%9367_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1966–67 Boston Bruins season">1966–67</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967%E2%80%9368_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1967–68 Boston Bruins season">1967–68</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968%E2%80%9369_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1968–69 Boston Bruins season">1968–69</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: gainsboro;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/1969%E2%80%9370_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1969–70 Boston Bruins season">1969–70</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970%E2%80%9371_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1970–71 Boston Bruins season">1970–71</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: gainsboro;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/1971%E2%80%9372_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1971–72 Boston Bruins season">1971–72</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972%E2%80%9373_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1972–73 Boston Bruins season">1972–73</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973%E2%80%9374_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1973–74 Boston Bruins season">1973–74</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974%E2%80%9375_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1974–75 Boston Bruins season">1974–75</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975%E2%80%9376_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1975–76 Boston Bruins season">1975–76</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976%E2%80%9377_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1976–77 Boston Bruins season">1976–77</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977%E2%80%9378_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1977–78 Boston Bruins season">1977–78</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978%E2%80%9379_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1978–79 Boston Bruins season">1978–79</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979%E2%80%9380_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1979–80 Boston Bruins season">1979–80</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980%E2%80%9381_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1980–81 Boston Bruins season">1980–81</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981%E2%80%9382_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1981–82 Boston Bruins season">1981–82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982%E2%80%9383_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1982–83 Boston Bruins season">1982–83</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983%E2%80%9384_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1983–84 Boston Bruins season">1983–84</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1984–85 Boston Bruins season">1984–85</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985%E2%80%9386_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1985–86 Boston Bruins season">1985–86</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986%E2%80%9387_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1986–87 Boston Bruins season">1986–87</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987%E2%80%9388_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1987–88 Boston Bruins season">1987–88</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988%E2%80%9389_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1988–89 Boston Bruins season">1988–89</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E2%80%9390_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1989–90 Boston Bruins season">1989–90</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990%E2%80%9391_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1990–91 Boston Bruins season">1990–91</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1991–92 Boston Bruins season">1991–92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992%E2%80%9393_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1992–93 Boston Bruins season">1992–93</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993%E2%80%9394_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1993–94 Boston Bruins season">1993–94</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994%E2%80%9395_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1994–95 Boston Bruins season">1994–95</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995%E2%80%9396_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1995–96 Boston Bruins season">1995–96</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996%E2%80%9397_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1996–97 Boston Bruins season">1996–97</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997%E2%80%9398_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1997–98 Boston Bruins season">1997–98</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998%E2%80%9399_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1998–99 Boston Bruins season">1998–99</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_Boston_Bruins_season" title="1999–2000 Boston Bruins season">1999–2000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2000–01 Boston Bruins season">2000–01</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2001–02 Boston Bruins season">2001–02</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2002–03 Boston Bruins season">2002–03</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2003–04 Boston Bruins season">2003–04</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2004–05 Boston Bruins season">2004–05</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2005–06 Boston Bruins season">2005–06</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2006–07 Boston Bruins season">2006–07</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2007–08 Boston Bruins season">2007–08</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2008–09 Boston Bruins season">2008–09</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2009–10 Boston Bruins season">2009–10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="background-color: gainsboro;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2010–11 Boston Bruins season">2010–11</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2011–12 Boston Bruins season">2011–12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2012–13 Boston Bruins season">2012–13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2013–14 Boston Bruins season">2013–14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2014–15 Boston Bruins season">2014–15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2015–16 Boston Bruins season">2015–16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2016–17 Boston Bruins season">2016–17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%9318_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2017–18 Boston Bruins season">2017–18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2018–19 Boston Bruins season">2018–19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2019–20 Boston Bruins season">2019–20</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #FFB81C, inset -2px -2px 0 #FFB81C;">2020s</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%9321_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2020–21 Boston Bruins season">2020–21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021%E2%80%9322_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2021–22 Boston Bruins season">2021–22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022%E2%80%9323_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2022–23 Boston Bruins season">2022–23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2023–24 Boston Bruins season">2023–24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024%E2%80%9325_Boston_Bruins_season" title="2024–25 Boston Bruins season">2024–25</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: #FFFFFF; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #010101, inset -2px -2px 0 #010101;"><div>Highlighted seasons indicate <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Cup" title="Stanley Cup">Stanley Cup</a> championship</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐lgzmg Cached time: 20250101002630 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.471 seconds Real time usage: 0.733 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2650/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 92601/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3102/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 42856/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.243/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5458942/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 601.591 1 -total 16.81% 101.129 1 Template:Reflist 15.46% 93.008 1 Template:1959–60_NHL_standings 14.50% 87.217 3 Template:Cite_web 12.05% 72.465 1 Template:1959–60_NHL_season_by_team 11.94% 71.842 1 Template:Short_description 11.22% 67.520 1 Template:Navbox 10.09% 60.701 1 Template:Navbar 9.32% 56.063 1 Template:Infobox_ice_hockey_team_season 9.12% 54.854 1 Template:Boston_Bruins --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255532:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250101002630 and revision id 1239590946. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&amp;type=1x1&amp;usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1959–60_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;oldid=1239590946">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1959–60_Boston_Bruins_season&amp;oldid=1239590946</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Boston_Bruins_seasons" title="Category:Boston Bruins seasons">Boston Bruins seasons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1959%E2%80%9360_NHL_season_by_team" title="Category:1959–60 NHL season by team">1959–60 NHL season by team</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1959_in_sports_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:1959 in sports in Massachusetts">1959 in sports in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960_in_sports_in_Massachusetts" title="Category:1960 in sports in Massachusetts">1960 in sports in Massachusetts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_in_Boston" title="Category:1950s in Boston">1950s in Boston</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1960s_in_Boston" title="Category:1960s in Boston">1960s in Boston</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_August_2023" title="Category:Use mdy dates from August 2023">Use mdy dates from August 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_to_be_expanded_from_July_2010" title="Category:Articles to be expanded from July 2010">Articles to be expanded from July 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_to_be_expanded" title="Category:All articles to be expanded">All articles to be expanded</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_empty_sections_from_July_2010" title="Category:Articles with empty sections from July 2010">Articles with empty sections from July 2010</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_empty_sections" title="Category:All articles with empty sections">All articles with empty sections</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 10 August 2024, at 07:59<span class="anonymous-show">&#160;(UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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Isabella Acres
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Isabella Acres - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A3%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="إيزابيلا أكرس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إيزابيلا أكرس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ایزابلا اکرس – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایزابلا اکرس" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ایزابلا اکرس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ایزابلا اکرس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%B4%EC%A0%80%EB%B2%A8%EB%9D%BC_%EC%97%90%EC%9D%B4%EC%BB%A4%EC%8A%A4" title="이저벨라 에이커스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="이저벨라 에이커스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%B3" title="ايزابيلا اكرس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ايزابيلا اكرس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A4%E3%82%B6%E3%83%99%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA" title="イザベラ・エーカーズ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="イザベラ・エーカーズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%81,_%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Акрес, Изабелла – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Акрес, Изабелла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%A8%DB%8E%DA%B5%D8%A7_%D8%A6%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="ئیزابێڵا ئاکریس – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئیزابێڵا ئاکریس" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BE_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D" title="இசபெல்லா அகிரிஸ் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இசபெல்லா அகிரிஸ்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_Acres" title="Isabella Acres – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Isabella Acres" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BC%8A%E8%8E%8E%E8%B4%9D%E6%8B%89%C2%B7%E7%88%B1%E5%85%8B%E6%96%AF" title="伊莎贝拉·爱克斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="伊莎贝拉·爱克斯" data-language-autonym="中文" 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American actress (born 2001)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Isabella Acres</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">2001-02-21</span>) </span>February 21, 2001<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;23)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Actress</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years&#160;active</th><td class="infobox-data">2006–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Agent</th><td class="infobox-data agent">CESD Talent Agency</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Relatives</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ava_Acres" title="Ava Acres">Ava Acres</a> (sister)</td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox" style="clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External image</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="image icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/16px-Searchtool.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/24px-Searchtool.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/61/Searchtool.svg/32px-Searchtool.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2699362/mediaviewer/rm480546817">Acres in 2019.</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Isabella Acres</b> (born February 21, 2001)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> is an American actress who played Rose on <i><a href="/wiki/Better_Off_Ted" title="Better Off Ted">Better Off Ted</a></i>, Katie on <i><a href="/wiki/Phineas_and_Ferb" title="Phineas and Ferb">Phineas and Ferb</a></i> and Mirabelle Harris in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kicks" title="The Kicks">The Kicks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></i> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acres was born in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta" title="Atlanta">Atlanta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, where she discovered her love for acting in children's theater.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She then relocated to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> Acres' little sister, <a href="/wiki/Ava_Acres" title="Ava Acres">Ava</a>, is also an actress. </p><p>Acres is best known for her series regular role as Rose Crisp on <i><a href="/wiki/Better_Off_Ted" title="Better Off Ted">Better Off Ted</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the seven-year-old daughter of Ted (<a href="/wiki/Jay_Harrington" title="Jay Harrington">Jay Harrington</a>) who is often the most mature person at his home and workplace. The show ran for two seasons from 2009 to 2010. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearances">Appearances</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Appearances"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Acres also appeared on an episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Monk_(TV_series)" title="Monk (TV series)">Monk</a></i> in 2007, and single episodes of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mentalist" title="The Mentalist">The Mentalist</a></i> where she plays <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Jane" title="Patrick Jane">Patrick Jane</a>'s (<a href="/wiki/Simon_Baker" title="Simon Baker">Simon Baker</a>) daughter and on the hit television show <i><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Montana" title="Hannah Montana">Hannah Montana</a></i>. Acres was nominated for Best Performance in a TV Series, Guest Starring Young Actress at the <a href="/wiki/Young_Artist_Awards_2009" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Artist Awards 2009">Young Artist Awards 2009</a> for her performance in <i>The Mentalist</i>. </p><p>She had a recurring role of Soleil Friedman in the second season of the <a href="/wiki/Fox_Broadcasting_Company" title="Fox Broadcasting Company">Fox</a> television series <i><a href="/wiki/Touch_(American_TV_series)" title="Touch (American TV series)">Touch</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2016, she played Mirabelle Harris in the <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Studios" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon Studios">Amazon Studios</a> television series <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kicks" title="The Kicks">The Kicks</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Series</th> <th>Role</th> <th>Episode/Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>2007</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Monk_(TV_series)" title="Monk (TV series)">Monk</a></i></td> <td>Other Child</td> <td>Episode: "<a href="/wiki/Mr._Monk_and_the_Man_Who_Shot_Santa_Claus" title="Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus">Mr. Monk and the Man Who Shot Santa Claus</a>" </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2008</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mentalist" title="The Mentalist">The Mentalist</a></i></td> <td>Charlotte Jane</td> <td>Episode: "Redwood" </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hannah_Montana" title="Hannah Montana">Hannah Montana</a></i></td> <td>Little Girl</td> <td>Episode: "Killing Me Softly with His Height" </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009–10</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Better_Off_Ted" title="Better Off Ted">Better Off Ted</a></i></td> <td>Rose Crisp</td> <td>Recurring role </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009–15</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Phineas_and_Ferb" title="Phineas and Ferb">Phineas and Ferb</a></i></td> <td>Katie</td> <td>Voice role; 5 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010–12</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo!_Mystery_Incorporated" title="Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated">Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated</a></i></td> <td>Mary Anne Gleardan</td> <td>Voice role; 2 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">2011</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Desperate_Housewives" title="Desperate Housewives">Desperate Housewives</a></i></td> <td>Jenny Hunter-McDermott</td> <td>3 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Middle_(TV_series)" title="The Middle (TV series)">The Middle</a></i></td> <td>Autumn Wagner</td> <td>Episode: "Valentine's Day II" </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Time" title="Adventure Time">Adventure Time</a></i></td> <td>Young <a href="/wiki/Princess_Bubblegum" title="Princess Bubblegum">Princess Bubblegum</a>, Erin</td> <td>Voice role; 4 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Event" title="The Event">The Event</a></i></td> <td>Mary "The Little Girl"</td> <td>Episode: "The Beginning of the End" </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beyond_the_Blackboard" title="Beyond the Blackboard">Beyond the Blackboard</a></i></td> <td>Dana</td> <td>Television movie </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Touch_(American_TV_series)" title="Touch (American TV series)">Touch</a></i></td> <td>Soleil Friedman</td> <td>Recurring role (season 2) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Spoils_of_Babylon" title="The Spoils of Babylon">The Spoils of Babylon</a></i></td> <td>Young Cynthia Morehouse</td> <td>Television miniseries </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Kicks" title="The Kicks">The Kicks</a></i></td> <td>Mirabelle Harris</td> <td>Season 1 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013–18</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sofia_the_First" title="Sofia the First">Sofia the First</a></i></td> <td>Jade</td> <td>Voice role; recurring role </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Film</th> <th>Role</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>2006</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Air_Buddies" title="Air Buddies">Air Buddies</a></i></td> <td>Rosebud Sound Alike</td> <td>DVD Special Features </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2007</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/30_Days_of_Night_(film)" title="30 Days of Night (film)">30 Days of Night</a></i></td> <td>Little Vampire Girl</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dubbing_(filmmaking)#ADR/post-sync" class="mw-redirect" title="Dubbing (filmmaking)">ADR</a> voice role </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Fred_Claus" title="Fred Claus">Fred Claus</a></i></td> <td>Little Girl</td> <td>ADR voice role </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Life with Fiona</i></td> <td>Dancing Girl</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2010</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Free_Willy:_Escape_from_Pirate%27s_Cove" title="Free Willy: Escape from Pirate&#39;s Cove">Free Willy: Escape from Pirate's Cove</a></i></td> <td>Kirra Cooper Sound Alike</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Future_(film)" title="The Future (film)">The Future</a></i></td> <td>Gabriella</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Monster_Christmas" title="A Monster Christmas">A Monster Christmas</a></i></td> <td>Lilly</td> <td>Voice role </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo!_Stage_Fright" title="Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright">Scooby-Doo! Stage Fright</a></i></td> <td>Emma Gale</td> <td>Voice role </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Home_(2014_horror_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Home (2014 horror film)">Home</a></i></td> <td>Girl</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hello,_My_Name_Is_Doris" title="Hello, My Name Is Doris">Hello, My Name Is Doris</a></i></td> <td>Vivian</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017</td> <td><i>The Meanest Man in Texas</i></td> <td>Ruthie Welsey</td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Title</th> <th>Voice role</th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Resistance:_Burning_Skies" title="Resistance: Burning Skies">Resistance: Burning Skies</a></i> </td> <td>Rachel </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131131218/http://abcmedianet.com/web/showpage/showpage.aspx?program_id=002704&amp;type=acres">"ISABELLA ACRES Rose on ABC's "Better Off Ted"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. ABC Medianet. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abcmedianet.com/web/showpage/showpage.aspx?program_id=002704&amp;type=acres">the original</a> on January 31, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ISABELLA+ACRES+Rose+on+ABC%27s+%22Better+Off+Ted%22&amp;rft.pub=ABC+Medianet&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abcmedianet.com%2Fweb%2Fshowpage%2Fshowpage.aspx%3Fprogram_id%3D002704%26type%3Dacres&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsabella+Acres" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mytakeontv.com/2009/01/08/exclusive-interview-jay-harrington/">"Exclusive Interview: Jay Harrington talks PRIVATE PRACTICE"</a>. My Take On TV. January 8, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Exclusive+Interview%3A+Jay+Harrington+talks+PRIVATE+PRACTICE&amp;rft.pub=My+Take+On+TV&amp;rft.date=2009-01-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mytakeontv.com%2F2009%2F01%2F08%2Fexclusive-interview-jay-harrington%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsabella+Acres" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mytakeontv.com/2009/04/01/exclusive-isabella-acres-from-better-off-ted-reason-1591-to-watch-this-show/">"Exclusive: Isabella Acres from BETTER OFF TED"</a>. My Take On TV. April 1, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 31,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Exclusive%3A+Isabella+Acres+from+BETTER+OFF+TED&amp;rft.pub=My+Take+On+TV&amp;rft.date=2009-04-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mytakeontv.com%2F2009%2F04%2F01%2Fexclusive-isabella-acres-from-better-off-ted-reason-1591-to-watch-this-show%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsabella+Acres" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tvseriesfinale.com/tv-show/abc-renews-castle-better-off-ted-and-scrubs/">"ABC Renews Castle, Better off Ted, and Scrubs!"</a>. May 16, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ABC+Renews+Castle%2C+Better+off+Ted%2C+and+Scrubs%21&amp;rft.date=2009-05-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftvseriesfinale.com%2Ftv-show%2Fabc-renews-castle-better-off-ted-and-scrubs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsabella+Acres" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tvguide.com/celebrities/isabella-acres/credits/296614">"Isabella Acres: Credits"</a>. <a href="/wiki/TV_Guide" title="TV Guide">TV Guide</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 12,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Isabella+Acres%3A+Credits&amp;rft.pub=TV+Guide&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvguide.com%2Fcelebrities%2Fisabella-acres%2Fcredits%2F296614&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsabella+Acres" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.behindthevoiceactors.com/video-games/Resistance-Burning-Skies/Rachel-Riley/">"Isabella Acres is the voice of Rachel Riley in Resistance: Burning Skies"</a>. <i>www.behindthevoiceactors.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.behindthevoiceactors.com&amp;rft.atitle=Isabella+Acres+is+the+voice+of+Rachel+Riley+in+Resistance%3A+Burning+Skies.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindthevoiceactors.com%2Fvideo-games%2FResistance-Burning-Skies%2FRachel-Riley%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIsabella+Acres" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Isabella_Acres&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm2699362/">Isabella Acres</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb 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Josh Macauley
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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">English footballer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox infobox-table vcard" style="line-height: 1.2em; max-width: 420px !important;"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="line-height: 1.2em;">Josh Macauley</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Personal information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Full name</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data nickname" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> Joshua Lee Macauley</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Date of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> <span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1991-03-02</span>) </span>2 March 1991<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;33)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Place of birth</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data birthplace" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Position(s)</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data role" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Forward_(association_football)" title="Forward (association football)">Forward</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Team information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Current team</div></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data org" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;;white-space: normal;"> <a href="/wiki/Cefn_Druids_A.F.C." title="Cefn Druids A.F.C.">Cefn Druids</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; line-height: 1.5em">Senior career*</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left">Years</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <b>Team</b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> <b><abbr title="League appearances">Apps</abbr></b></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> <b>(<abbr title="League goals">Gls</abbr>)</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2008–2010</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Tranmere_Rovers_F.C." title="Tranmere Rovers F.C.">Tranmere Rovers</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> 1</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> (0)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2009</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> → <a href="/wiki/Colwyn_Bay_F.C." title="Colwyn Bay F.C.">Colwyn Bay</a> (loan)</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> 10</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> (5)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2010</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> → <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors_F.C." title="Vauxhall Motors F.C.">Vauxhall Motors</a> (loan)</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> 4</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> (2)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2010–2011</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Bala_Town_F.C." title="Bala Town F.C.">Bala Town</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> 26</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> (6)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2011–2012</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Prescot_Cables_F.C." title="Prescot Cables F.C.">Prescot Cables</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2012–</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_Town_F.C." title="Aberystwyth Town F.C.">Aberystwyth Town</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: left"><span style="font-weight:normal">2014–</span></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline;"> <a href="/wiki/Cefn_Druids_A.F.C." title="Cefn Druids A.F.C.">Cefn Druids</a></td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-c" style="white-space: nowrap; vertical-align: baseline; text-align: right"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" class="infobox-below" style="color:darkslategray; font-size:95%"> *Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 16:14, 24 May 2010 (UTC)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Joshua Lee Macauley</b> (born 2 March 1991) is an English <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">footballer</a> who plays for <a href="/wiki/Cefn_Druids_A.F.C." title="Cefn Druids A.F.C.">Cefn Druids</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josh_Macauley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Beginning his career as a youth player at <a href="/wiki/Tranmere_Rovers_F.C." title="Tranmere Rovers F.C.">Tranmere Rovers</a>, Macauley made his debut for the club on 24 January 2009 in 1–1 draw with <a href="/wiki/Carlisle_United_F.C." title="Carlisle United F.C.">Carlisle United</a> as a substitute in place of <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Barnett_(footballer)" title="Charlie Barnett (footballer)">Charlie Barnett</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He joined <a href="/wiki/Colwyn_Bay_F.C." title="Colwyn Bay F.C.">Colwyn Bay</a> on loan in September 2009 on an initial one-month loan deal. On his signing, Colwyn manager Neil Young stated "<i>Josh will be a big asset for us with his power and pace and he is a goal-scorer</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Macauley made his debut for the <i>Seagulls</i> against <a href="/wiki/Rossendale_United_F.C." title="Rossendale United F.C.">Rossendale United</a>, scoring twice in a 4–0 win,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and went on to score 5 goals in 10 appearances. He later spent time on loan at <a href="/wiki/Conference_North" class="mw-redirect" title="Conference North">Conference North</a> side <a href="/wiki/Vauxhall_Motors_F.C." title="Vauxhall Motors F.C.">Vauxhall Motors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mystery_Conference_striker_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mystery_Conference_striker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Released by Tranmere on his return, Macauley spent time on trial with <a href="/wiki/Chester_F.C." title="Chester F.C.">Chester</a>, managed by his former Colwyn Bay coach Neil Young,<sup id="cite_ref-Mystery_Conference_striker_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mystery_Conference_striker-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_Town_F.C." title="Aberystwyth Town F.C.">Aberystywth Town</a> before eventually signing for <a href="/wiki/Bala_Town_F.C." title="Bala Town F.C.">Bala Town</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He went on to score six goals in twenty-six Welsh Premier League appearances for the club. </p><p>He then went on to join <a href="/wiki/Prescot_Cables_F.C." title="Prescot Cables F.C.">Prescot Cables</a> before returning to the Welsh league, this time joining <a href="/wiki/Aberystwyth_Town_F.C." title="Aberystwyth Town F.C.">Aberystwyth Town</a> in January 2012.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the summer of 2014 he joined <a href="/wiki/Cefn_Druids_A.F.C." title="Cefn Druids A.F.C.">Cefn Druids</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josh_Macauley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/football/eng_div_2/7842926.stm">"Tranmere 4-1 Carlisle"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">BBC Sport</a>. 24 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Tranmere+4-1+Carlisle&amp;rft.date=2009-01-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport1%2Fhi%2Ffootball%2Feng_div_2%2F7842926.stm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosh+Macauley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100820002454/http://www.colwynbayfc.co.uk/z_archive_news_200909.php">"Tranmere striker joins on loan"</a>. Colwyn Bay F.C. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colwynbayfc.co.uk/z_archive_news_200909.php">the original</a> on 20 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Tranmere+striker+joins+on+loan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colwynbayfc.co.uk%2Fz_archive_news_200909.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosh+Macauley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.walesonline.co.uk/footballnation/football-news/2009/09/27/macauley-masterclass-takes-bay-to-the-summit-91466-24789531/">"Macauley masterclass takes Bay to the summit"</a>. <a href="/wiki/South_Wales_Echo" title="South Wales Echo">South Wales Echo</a>. 27 September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Macauley+masterclass+takes+Bay+to+the+summit&amp;rft.date=2010-09-27&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.walesonline.co.uk%2Ffootballnation%2Ffootball-news%2F2009%2F09%2F27%2Fmacauley-masterclass-takes-bay-to-the-summit-91466-24789531%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosh+Macauley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mystery_Conference_striker-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mystery_Conference_striker_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mystery_Conference_striker_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/chester-fc/chester-fc-news/2010/08/12/chester-fc-manager-neil-young-on-the-trail-of-mystery-conference-striker-59067-27045210/">"Manager Neil Young on the trail of mystery Conference striker"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Manager+Neil+Young+on+the+trail+of+mystery+Conference+striker&amp;rft.date=2010-08-12&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chesterchronicle.co.uk%2Fchester-fc%2Fchester-fc-news%2F2010%2F08%2F12%2Fchester-fc-manager-neil-young-on-the-trail-of-mystery-conference-striker-59067-27045210%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosh+Macauley" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welsh-premier.com/index.php/headline-news/2554-two-on-deadline-day-for-bala-town">"Two on deadline day for Bala Town"</a>. welsh-premier.com. 31 August 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Two+on+deadline+day+for+Bala+Town&amp;rft.date=2010-08-31&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.welsh-premier.com%2Findex.php%2Fheadline-news%2F2554-two-on-deadline-day-for-bala-town&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosh+Macauley" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welsh-premier.com/index.php/headline-news/4322-former-lakesider-joins-aberystwyth">"Former Lakesider joins Aberystwyth"</a>. welsh-premier.com. 1 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Former+Lakesider+joins+Aberystwyth&amp;rft.date=2012-01-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.welsh-premier.com%2Findex.php%2Fheadline-news%2F4322-former-lakesider-joins-aberystwyth&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJosh+Macauley" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged November 2017">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Josh_Macauley&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.soccerbase.com/players/player.sd?player_id=50951">Josh Macauley</a> at Soccerbase <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6289123#P2193" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span style="vertical-align:middle; background:transparent; color:inherit;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/50px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/75px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/100px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-50px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Soccerball_mask.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Soccer icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/50px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/75px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4e/Soccerball_mask.svg/100px-Soccerball_mask.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article related to association football in England, about a forward born in the 1990s, is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Jon Hol
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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Norwegian engineer and activist</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jon Hol</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jon_Hol.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Jon_Hol.png/220px-Jon_Hol.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Jon_Hol.png/330px-Jon_Hol.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Jon_Hol.png/440px-Jon_Hol.png 2x" data-file-width="1140" data-file-height="1432" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Illustration from <i><a href="/wiki/Verdens_Gang_(1868-1923_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens Gang (1868-1923 newspaper)">Verdens Gang</a></i>, 1884.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 1851<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Nord-Odal" title="Nord-Odal">Nord-Odal</a>, Norway</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1941, before 16 May (aged 89)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Engineer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data">Engineering work<br />Activism <ul><li>Writer in newspapers</li> <li>Trade unionism</li> <li>Advocate of government change <small>(before 1884)</small></li> <li>Advocate of rifle associations</li> <li><i>Rifleringen</i> pamphlet <small>(1884)</small></li> <li>Local politician, parliamentary candidate</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jon Gundersen Hol</b> (c. 1851 – 1941) was a Norwegian engineer and activist. He is known for his pamphlet <i>Rifleringen</i>, published in February 1884, that resulted in his arrest for <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté">lèse majesté</a>. In the pamphlet, he called for soldiers and civilians to arm themselves and encircle the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway Building">Parliament of Norway Building</a>, creating a "Ring of Rifles", should the need arise. The political situation in Norway at the time was unstable, with an ongoing <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment (Norway)">impeachment</a> case against the conservative government started by political liberals. <a href="/wiki/Oscar_II_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar II of Sweden">King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway</a> supported the conservative politicians, and Hol believed that a political and military counter-offensive was planned, hence the need for guarding the Parliament. The tensions between liberals and conservatives drew Hol into politics in the first place in 1880. Before this, he was an engineer by occupation and a writer, albeit apolitical. He increased his writing after 1880, and also involved himself in non-socialist <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, including the unsuccessful attempt of establishing a <a href="/wiki/National_trade_union_center" class="mw-redirect" title="National trade union center">national trade union center</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Kristiania</a>. </p><p>When the conservatives lost the Impeachment case, there was a change of government and the charges against Hol were dropped. Two years later, he received an economic compensation from the Parliament. After some quiet years in which he concentrated on engineering work, Hol returned to politics as a member of the <a href="/wiki/City_council" class="mw-redirect" title="City council">city council</a> of <a href="/wiki/Skien" title="Skien">Skien</a>, representing the local <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a>. He stood for <a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Norway#Parliamentary_elections" title="Elections in Norway">parliamentary election</a> twice, without success. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hol was born at the farm Ekornhol in <a href="/wiki/Nord-Odal" title="Nord-Odal">Nord-Odal</a>, the son of Gunder Johnsen and Rønnaug Haakonsdatter. He began a military education in 1869, and later conducted self-studies as well as attending various schools, including the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_National_Academy_of_Craft_and_Art_Industry" title="Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry">Norwegian National Academy of Craft and Art Industry</a>. In 1876, he married Karen Pedersdatter, a farmers' daughter from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B8r-Odal" title="Sør-Odal">Sør-Odal</a> and in 1878, he was hired by the city engineering corps of <a href="/wiki/Oslo" title="Oslo">Kristiania</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_activism">Political activism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Political activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While studying, Hol became interested in journalism. He began writing for the apolitical magazine <i>Norsk Nationaltidende</i> in 1877, but found his interest in politics growing as he observed the mounting political turmoil at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Liberal politicians in the <a href="/wiki/Storting" title="Storting">Norwegian Parliament</a> struggled to introduce the practice of calling <a href="/wiki/Government_minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Government minister">government ministers</a> in for questioning. Initially, this was not meant to function as a lever against individual ministers, but rather to increase debate on important issues. The <a href="/wiki/Executive_branch_of_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Executive branch of government">executive branch of government</a> was not elected, and the intention was to enhance a co-governing with the democratically elected <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">legislature</a>. Also, ministers were already criticized in parliamentary debates; if they were questioned in person they would have the chance to defend themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This required altering the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Constitution">Constitution</a>, a move which the executive branch, led by <a href="/wiki/Oscar_II_of_Sweden" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar II of Sweden">King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway</a>, continuously <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">vetoed</a>. The conservatives in Parliament also opposed this, fearing that the increasingly liberal-dominated parliament would use constitutional change to <a href="/wiki/Checks_and_balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Checks and balances">check</a> the executive branch, and thereby infringe upon the <a href="/wiki/Separation_of_powers" title="Separation of powers">separation of powers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The first royal veto came in 1872, after which the proposition was slightly altered, but it was vetoed again in 1874. Two identical propositions followed, and were defeated, in 1877 and 1880. After 1880, the question about ministers faded into the background; instead the disagreement centered around the King's right to a veto in constitutional cases.<sup id="cite_ref-nord-75_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nord-75-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to the Constitution, the King had the right to postpone a non-constitutional act three times. On the other hand, the Constitution did not mention any veto in constitutional cases.<sup id="cite_ref-nord-10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nord-10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Three views became distinct: some argued that the King had no veto at all, the middle ground was held by people who would allow a postponing veto, while the government and the King claimed an <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">absolute veto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nord-75_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nord-75-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Allegedly, an absolute veto was in the "spirit" of <a href="/wiki/Norway_in_1814" class="mw-redirect" title="Norway in 1814">1814</a> and the separation of powers principle. Those who held the first view cited the principle of <a href="/wiki/Popular_sovereignty" title="Popular sovereignty">popular sovereignty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nord-10_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nord-10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although the veto question became central, the ministers were not out of the spotlight. Since the ministers were inferior to the King within the executive branch, the King was responsible for all actions conducted by this branch; however, the ministers were responsible for the advice given to the King when they were assembled in the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Council_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Council of State">Council of State</a>. If any ministers were to dissent, according to the Constitution, they had to state this explicitly in the meeting protocol, lest they be considered in agreement and thus co-responsible.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The King was above the law, but the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Norway" title="Prime Minister of Norway">Prime Minister</a> and his cabinet could be tried for <a href="/wiki/Impeachment_(Norway)" class="mw-redirect" title="Impeachment (Norway)">Impeachment</a> for advising the King to act out an unconstitutional veto.<sup id="cite_ref-nord-76_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nord-76-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Impeachment Court consisted of <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Norway" title="Supreme Court of Norway">Supreme Court Justices</a> and elected politicians from the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway">Lagting</a>, and as the latter group held a two-thirds majority,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> an Impeachment trial with a fairly certain outcome could start as soon as the liberals won control over the Lagting seats through general elections.<sup id="cite_ref-nord-76_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nord-76-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Arenas_for_activism">Arenas for activism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Arenas for activism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Jon Hol sided with <a href="/wiki/Johan_Sverdrup" title="Johan Sverdrup">Johan Sverdrup</a>, a liberal jurist who had become the spearhead of parliamentary opposition to the King. Hol also became involved in the workers' society <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kristiania_Arbeidersamfund&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kristiania Arbeidersamfund (page does not exist)">Kristiania Arbeidersamfund</a></i>, which was dominated by political liberals (not <a href="/wiki/Socialist" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist">socialists</a>) at that time, as a member of the board. From 1881, he worked on their publication <i>Samfundet</i>. This periodical eventually ceased publication, but was succeeded by <i>Nordmanden</i> in 1883, which Hol co-owned. Hol used <i>Samfundet</i> and <i>Nordmanden</i> as the main public arenas for his activism.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was also behind the rifle associations' member magazine <i>Norsk Skyttertidende</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which had been started in 1882 and edited by David Dietrichson for a short while before Hol took over.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rifle_associations_and_the_military">Rifle associations and the military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Rifle associations and the military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hol eventually came to believe that King Oscar II and his supporters, if opposed by the Norwegian Parliament, would usurp political power with the help of the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Army" title="Norwegian Army">Norwegian Army</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hol based this view on two speeches given by Oscar in 1882, one of them at the closing of the parliamentary session that year and hence before the <a href="/wiki/1882_Norwegian_parliamentary_election" title="1882 Norwegian parliamentary election">1882 general election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Harald_Nicolai_Storm_Wergeland" title="Harald Nicolai Storm Wergeland">Harald Nicolai Storm Wergeland</a>, the Commander at <a href="/wiki/Akershus_Fortress" title="Akershus Fortress">Akershus Fortress</a>, located nearby the Norwegian Parliament, was known as a staunch conservative. In 1880, he had called for Parliament to increase the military contingent in the city. The Chief of Police supported this request; in a letter to the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Ministry_of_Justice_and_the_Police" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Ministry of Justice and the Police">Ministry of Justice and the Police</a> he stated that there was a need for preparedness regarding the political situation, as a possible pretext for "disturbances and demonstrations".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Otto Nyquist, a personal friend of the King, was instated in 1882 as commander of the <a href="/wiki/Battalion" title="Battalion">battalion</a> stationed in Kristiania. In late 1883, Oscar suggested that the storage of <a href="/wiki/Bolt_(firearm)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolt (firearm)">bolts</a> of rifles in depots around the country be disconnected, to prevent a situation in which uprising peasantry turned the Army's own weapons against them.<sup id="cite_ref-1880-59_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1880-59-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Secret talks on a coup d'état supported by the military were held between Oscar and Christian Selmer at the <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scanian</a> castle <a href="/wiki/Sofiero_Palace" title="Sofiero Palace">Sofiero Palace</a> in 1883, and the newspaper <i>Morgenbladet</i> publicly supported such a solution.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the means to counter this development, was the formation of semi-military forces. All over the country, local <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rifle_association&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Rifle association (page does not exist)">rifle associations</a> had sprung up. The first rifle association&#8212;<a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Olympic_and_Paralympic_Committee_and_Confederation_of_Sports" title="Norwegian Olympic and Paralympic Committee and Confederation of Sports"><i>Centralforeningen for Udbredelse af Legemsøvelser og Vaabenbrug</i></a> of 1861&#8212;was politically conservative, but a great number of the newer associations, especially in rural districts, supported the political liberals and radicals. They exercised as regular troops, but did not commit acts of political violence. Rather, a latent purpose was to deter a possible conflict. If conservative Commanders of the Army were to use force to subdue the parliamentary process, it was clear that rifle associations, too, could march upon Kristiania,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> possibly aided by "rogue" commanders such as Albert Jacobsen.<sup id="cite_ref-1880-59_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1880-59-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hol supported the liberal rifle associations, and helped found <i>Kristiania Folkevæbningssamlag</i> in his city. He also chaired <i>Nordre Skytterlag</i>, a local rifle association based in <a href="/wiki/Nordre_Aker" title="Nordre Aker">Nordre Aker</a>. Apart from organizational work, he wrote several articles on the issue. In <i>Samfundet</i> he wrote that a "coup d'etat or attempt thereof" would lead to a popular uprising, where "real Norwegians", "soldier or non-soldier" alike would encircle the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Norway_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliament of Norway Building">Parliament Building</a> with "thousands of <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonets</a>" to "await" and the political processes and guard the Constitution.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>This activism was not compatible with his professional career, as he was a municipal employee. In this situation, Hol chose to formally leave the radical organizations, resigning as a member of the board of <i>Kristiania Arbeidersamfund</i> and <i>Kristiania Folkevæbningssamlag</i>. He thereby retained his job. However, in early 1884 he was fired by the municipality.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rifleringen"><i>Rifleringen</i></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Rifleringen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In February 1884, the Impeachment trial of Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Christian_Selmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Selmer">Christian Selmer</a> and his entire <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cabinet_Selmer&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cabinet Selmer (page does not exist)">cabinet</a> was nearing its end. One of the last actions of Selmer's cabinet was to refuse to sanction a parliamentary money grant to the rifle association&#8212;the liberals had won the 1882 parliamentary election in a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_election" class="mw-redirect" title="Landslide election">landslide victory</a>&#8212;further polarizing the situation. Rumours flew that personnel of the Norwegian Army were preparing for action at <a href="/wiki/Kongsvinger_Fortress" title="Kongsvinger Fortress">Kongsvinger Fortress</a>, some miles northeast of Kristiania.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rifleringen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rifleringen.png/250px-Rifleringen.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="429" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rifleringen.png/375px-Rifleringen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Rifleringen.png/500px-Rifleringen.png 2x" data-file-width="774" data-file-height="1329" /></a><figcaption>A reproduction of the pamphlet <i>Rifleringen</i>.</figcaption></figure> <p>On 6 February 1884, Hol released a pamphlet which has come to be known as <i>Rifleringen</i> (The Rifle Ring), with the subtitle <i>Giv Akt</i> (<a href="/wiki/At_attention" title="At attention">At attention</a>). Like previous writings, it called upon semi-military personnel and other weapon-able citizens to arm themselves and encircle the Parliament Building. This time, he did not call for the citizens to "await" the situation, but instead to "fire! at the traitors of the <a href="/wiki/Fatherland" class="mw-redirect" title="Fatherland">Fatherland</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The pamphlet was confiscated by the police on 8 February.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The person who printed the pamphlet, Nikolai Olsen,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> was arrested on the same day, and the apprehension of Jon Hol followed on 10 February. He remained in custody until 26 February, and was indicted on 11 March, for <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A8se_majest%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Lèse majesté">lèse majesté</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Bj%C3%B8rnstjerne_Bj%C3%B8rnson" title="Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson">Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lars_Holst" title="Lars Holst">Lars Holst</a> were indicted on the same charge.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Upon the arrests, the newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Verdens_Gang_(1868-1923_newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdens Gang (1868-1923 newspaper)">Verdens Gang</a></i> noted that no conservative writers had been sanctioned, despite openly calling for a coup d'état.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the meantime, Christian Selmer was impeached on 27 February; his cabinet members followed one by one, the last being impeached on 1 April.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 11 March, Selmer resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-nerb-161_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nerb-161-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Two acting Prime Ministers were drawn from his cabinet; <a href="/wiki/Ole_Bachke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ole Bachke">Ole Bachke</a> from 11 to 29 March and <a href="/wiki/Niels_Mathias_Rye" title="Niels Mathias Rye">Niels Mathias Rye</a> from 29 March to 3 April.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Then, a new cabinet led by Selmer's former <a href="/wiki/Minister_of_Finance_(Norway)" title="Minister of Finance (Norway)">Minister of Finance</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_Homann_Schweigaard" title="Christian Homann Schweigaard">Christian Homann Schweigaard</a> was formed, but in reality it stood no chance of surviving as it faced the Liberal-dominated Parliament, whose means of pressuring the executive branch had been strengthened following the Impeachment trial.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In June, as Schweigaard entered his last month as Prime Minister, the King summoned mathematics professor <a href="/wiki/Ole_Jacob_Broch" title="Ole Jacob Broch">Ole Jacob Broch</a> to form a compromise cabinet, but this failed owing to Conservative opposition,<sup id="cite_ref-1880s-67_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1880s-67-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> spearheaded by up-and-coming politician <a href="/wiki/Emil_Stang" title="Emil Stang">Emil Stang</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nerb-161_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nerb-161-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Broch gave up on 22 June, and Johan Sverdrup became Prime Minister on 26 June.<sup id="cite_ref-1880s-67_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1880s-67-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In light of this change in circumstances, the case against Hol had been annulled by Royal Resolution&#8212; earlier on 6 June.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Det_norske_Arbeiderforbund">Det norske Arbeiderforbund</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Det norske Arbeiderforbund"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Conservative politicians and the King had accepted the parliamentary process without any military conflict. However, conflicts as such still existed. The country's establishment had been shocked by a number of labor conflicts, with a street battle at <a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Norway" title="Kampen, Norway">Kampen</a> in 1878 and the storming of an employer's home at <a href="/wiki/Etterstad" title="Etterstad">Etterstad</a> in May 1880, as examples of the more volatile events.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In August 1884, workers at <a href="/wiki/Akers_Mekaniske_Verksted" class="mw-redirect" title="Akers Mekaniske Verksted">Akers Mekaniske Verksted</a> faced a 10% pay cut. A debate had been held in <i>Kristiania Arbeidersamfund</i> on 30 July, and the meeting decided to call a <a href="/wiki/Strike_action" title="Strike action">strike</a> effective as of 1 August.<sup id="cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbeiderlexi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In addition, Jon Hol took the initiative to found a <a href="/wiki/National_trade_union_center" class="mw-redirect" title="National trade union center">national trade union center</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Det_norske_Arbeiderforbund" class="mw-redirect" title="Det norske Arbeiderforbund">Det norske Arbeiderforbund</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-snl-arbsamf_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snl-arbsamf-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Representatives from seventeen factories elected Hol as the secretary of <i>Det norske Arbeiderforbund</i>. The printer Nikolai Olsen became treasurer.<sup id="cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbeiderlexi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Among the union's demands were normal working hours for laborers and <a href="/wiki/Universal_suffrage" title="Universal suffrage">universal suffrage</a>. It staunchly opposed socialist ideas, especially through the union newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Arbeideren_(Labour_Democrats)" title="Arbeideren (Labour Democrats)">Arbeideren</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1880s-112_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1880s-112-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 7 October, a new board was elected, and the first point of their manifesto was "Law-abidingness &#8212; moral conduct &#8212; sobriety".<sup id="cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbeiderlexi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Det norske Arbeiderforbund</i> was supported by people from individual factories,<sup id="cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbeiderlexi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> but the mainly philanthropic activists were associated with the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Norway">Liberal Party</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1880s-112_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1880s-112-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, the strike at Akers Mekaniske had been a failure, as the laborers had returned to work by on 26 August&#8212;with a 10% pay cut. It soon faced competition from more worker-dominated <a href="/wiki/Trade_union" title="Trade union">trade unions</a>, coordinated through the <i>Fagforeningenes Centralkomite</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbeiderlexi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On the political side, a <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Labour_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Labour Party">Labour Party</a> was formed in 1887, and from it the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Confederation_of_Trade_Unions" title="Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions">Norwegian Confederation of Trade Unions</a> followed in 1899. The historical role of <i>Det norske Arbeiderforbund</i>, as it turned out, was to mark the transition between two kinds of trade unionism; the one dominated by the bourgeois Liberal Party and the one dominated by the socialist Labour Party.<sup id="cite_ref-snl-arbsamf_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snl-arbsamf-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The organization became defunct around 1890.<sup id="cite_ref-snl-arbsamf_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-snl-arbsamf-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The publication <i>Arbeideren</i> was continued, and beginning in 1906, <i>Arbeideren</i> was the party organ of the newly founded <a href="/wiki/Radical_People%27s_Party_(Norway)" title="Radical People&#39;s Party (Norway)">Labour Democrats</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arbeiderlexi-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> a non-socialist labour and <a href="/wiki/Social_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Social reform">social reform</a> party associated with the Liberal Party.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Hol had been fired from his municipal job on 13 February 1884. After 1884, he laid low for a few years, but on 26 May 1886 he was given 1500&#160;<abbr title="Norwegian krone">kr</abbr> by the Liberal-dominated Parliament as compensation for lost income. In 1887 he was again publicly employed, assisting in the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Telemark_Canal" title="Telemark Canal">Bandak-Nordsjø Canal</a>. He was hired as the city engineer of <a href="/wiki/Skien" title="Skien">Skien</a> in 1891, holding this position for almost twenty-five years, and later worked in <a href="/wiki/Notodden" title="Notodden">Notodden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kongsberg" title="Kongsberg">Kongsberg</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ris%C3%B8r" title="Risør">Risør</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> From time to time he wrote technical articles on water pipes,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> among other subjects, in the magazine <i><a href="/wiki/Teknisk_Ukeblad" title="Teknisk Ukeblad">Teknisk Ukeblad</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>He became active again in politics and the <a href="/wiki/Public_sphere" title="Public sphere">public sphere</a>. He wrote for the liberal newspaper <i><a href="/wiki/Dagbladet" title="Dagbladet">Dagbladet</a></i> and the temperance magazine <i>Folket</i>, as well as for the local press. He also represented the <a href="/wiki/Temperance_movement" title="Temperance movement">temperance movement</a> in the city council of Skien for twenty years. In 1906 he ran in the <a href="/wiki/1906_Norwegian_parliamentary_election" title="1906 Norwegian parliamentary election">parliamentary elections</a> in the constituency Skien, but was not elected. He has been called an <a href="/wiki/Independent_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent (politician)">independent</a> candidate.<sup id="cite_ref-nbl_1-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the time, however, he was denoted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Norway" title="Statistics Norway">Statistics Norway</a> as loosely adhering to the <a href="/wiki/Coalition_Party_(Norway)" title="Coalition Party (Norway)">Coalition Party</a> with a leaning towards the Liberals. In the first round of voting, Hol was a "running mate" (deputy candidate) of former parliamentarian and government minister <a href="/wiki/Hans_Nilsen_Hauge" title="Hans Nilsen Hauge">Hans Nilsen Hauge</a>, who adhered to the Coalition Party with a conservative leaning. They faced <a href="/wiki/Carl_Stousland" title="Carl Stousland">Carl Stousland</a> who represented the Liberal Party and P. R. Saltvik of the Labour Party. Stousland received 732 votes, Hauge 460 votes and Saltvik 231 votes. As a "running mate", Hol received 511 votes. He also got 8 votes as a primary candidate. In the second round of voting, the Coalition Party dropped Hauge and propped up Hol, who now had J. A. Larsen as his running mate. Also, the Labour Party pulled out. Hol received 595 votes, but succumbed to Stousland who got 855 votes. Hauge got 2 votes, and Hol got 23 "running mate" votes.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hol stood for election again in the <a href="/wiki/1924_Norwegian_parliamentary_election" title="1924 Norwegian parliamentary election">1924 parliamentary election</a>, when the voting system had changed completely. The constituency was now <a href="/wiki/Market_towns_of_Telemark_and_Aust-Agder_counties" title="Market towns of Telemark and Aust-Agder counties">Market towns of Telemark and Aust-Agder counties</a>, and it was a plural-member constituency where representatives were selected from the party lists with the most votes. Hol was fielded as the second candidate on the ballot of the <a href="/wiki/Radical_People%27s_Party_(Norway)" title="Radical People&#39;s Party (Norway)">Radical People's Party (Labour Democrats)</a>, the new name of the Labour Democrats. The first candidate was A. Jørgensen, police chief of <a href="/wiki/Krager%C3%B8" title="Kragerø">Kragerø</a>. The Radical People's Party fared well in Skien and Kragerø. With 1,050 votes in Kragerø the party prevailed over the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Labour_Party_of_Norway" title="Social Democratic Labour Party of Norway">Social Democrats</a> and <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Norway" title="Communist Party of Norway">Communists</a>. With 2,075 votes in Skien the party prevailed over Labour. However, it fared much worse in the other six cities, carried 4,571 votes in total and lost the election in the Market towns of Telemark and Aust-Agder counties.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Hol died in 1941,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was buried on 16 May 1941 at <a href="/wiki/Vestre_gravlund" title="Vestre gravlund">Vestre gravlund</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nbl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nbl_1-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMeyer1934" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A5kon_Meyer" title="Håkon Meyer">Meyer, Håkon</a> (1934). "Hol, Jon". In <a href="/wiki/Einar_Jansen" title="Einar Jansen">Jansen, Einar</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Norsk_biografisk_leksikon" title="Norsk biografisk leksikon">Norsk biografisk leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Vol.&#160;6 (1&#160;ed.). Oslo: Aschehoug. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">192–</span>194.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Hol%2C+Jon&amp;rft.btitle=Norsk+biografisk+leksikon&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E192-%3C%2Fspan%3E194&amp;rft.edition=1&amp;rft.pub=Aschehoug&amp;rft.date=1934&amp;rft.aulast=Meyer&amp;rft.aufirst=H%C3%A5kon&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordby, 2006: pp.9–10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nerbøvik, 2007: p.142</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nord-75-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nord-75_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nord-75_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordby, 2004: p.75</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nord-10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nord-10_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nord-10_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordby, 2006: p.10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordby, 2004: p.93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nord-76-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nord-76_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nord-76_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nordby, 2004: p.76</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerg2007" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Ole_T._Berg" title="Ole T. Berg">Berg, Ole T.</a> (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snl.no/Riksrett">"Riksrett"</a>. In Henriksen, Petter (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Store_norske_leksikon" class="mw-redirect" title="Store norske leksikon">Store norske leksikon</a></i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Kunnskapsforlaget<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Riksrett&amp;rft.btitle=Store+norske+leksikon&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.pub=Kunnskapsforlaget&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Berg&amp;rft.aufirst=Ole+T.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snl.no%2FRiksrett&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nerbøvik, 2007: p.155</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Skytternes blad 50 år". <i><a href="/wiki/Aftenposten" title="Aftenposten">Aftenposten</a></i> (in Norwegian). 4 October 1932. p.&#160;5.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&amp;rft.atitle=Skytternes+blad+50+%C3%A5r&amp;rft.pages=5&amp;rft.date=1932-10-04&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sørensen, 1984: p. 14.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1880-59-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1880-59_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1880-59_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sørensen, 1984: p. 59.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nerbøvik, 2007: pp. 153–154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nerbøvik, 2007: pp. 121–124.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilab.org/db/book2321_3643.html">"Rifleringen"</a> (in Norwegian). International League of Antiquarian Booksellers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rifleringen&amp;rft.pub=International+League+of+Antiquarian+Booksellers&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilab.org%2Fdb%2Fbook2321_3643.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged April 2012">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Glimt fra Hovedstadspressen, mai 1884". <i>Aftenposten</i> (in Norwegian). 21 May 1884.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Aftenposten&amp;rft.atitle=Glimt+fra+Hovedstadspressen%2C+mai+1884&amp;rft.date=1884-05-21&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sørensen, 1984: p. 61.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Nerbøvik 2007, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nerb-161-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nerb-161_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nerb-161_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Nerbøvik 2007, p.161</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/en/The-Government/previous-governments/the-structure-of-the-registry/ministries-and-offices/offices/prime-minister-since-1814/ole-andreas-bachke.html?id=465158">"Ole Bachke. Acting Prime Minister 1884"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Government.no" title="Government.no">Government.no</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ole+Bachke.+Acting+Prime+Minister+1884&amp;rft.pub=Government.no&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fen%2FThe-Government%2Fprevious-governments%2Fthe-structure-of-the-registry%2Fministries-and-offices%2Foffices%2Fprime-minister-since-1814%2Fole-andreas-bachke.html%3Fid%3D465158&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.regjeringen.no/en/The-Government/previous-governments/the-structure-of-the-registry/ministries-and-offices/offices/prime-minister-since-1814/niels-mathias-rye.html?id=465159">"Niels Rye. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Niels+Rye.+Acting+Prime+Minister+1884&amp;rft.pub=Government.no&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.regjeringen.no%2Fen%2FThe-Government%2Fprevious-governments%2Fthe-structure-of-the-registry%2Fministries-and-offices%2Foffices%2Fprime-minister-since-1814%2Fniels-mathias-rye.html%3Fid%3D465159&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sørensen, 1984: p. 66.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1880s-67-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-1880s-67_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-1880s-67_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sørensen, 1984: p. 67.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sørensen, 1984: p.11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-arbeiderlexi-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arbeiderlexi_25-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriis,_JakobHegna,_Trond1932" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Friis" title="Jakob Friis">Friis, Jakob</a>; <a href="/wiki/Trond_Hegna" title="Trond Hegna">Hegna, Trond</a>, eds. 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Statistics Norway. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">122–</span>123<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Stortingsvalget+1906&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E122-%3C%2Fspan%3E123&amp;rft.pub=Statistics+Norway&amp;rft.au=Olafsen%2C+Arnet&amp;rft.au=Haffner%2C+Vilhelm&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fhiststat%2Fnos%2Fnos_v_049.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ssb.no/histstat/nos/nos_vii_176.pdf">"Stortingsvalget 1924"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Norwegian). Statistics Norway. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">101–</span>103<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Stortingsvalget+1924&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E101-%3C%2Fspan%3E103&amp;rft.pub=Statistics+Norway&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssb.no%2Fhiststat%2Fnos%2Fnos_vii_176.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBullEskelandTandberg1972" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Francis_Bull" title="Francis Bull">Bull, Francis</a>; Eskeland, Arnold; Tandberg, Erik, eds. (1972). "Hol, Jon". <i>Gyldendals store konversasjonsleksikon</i> (in Norwegian). Vol.&#160;3. Oslo: Gyldendal.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Hol%2C+Jon&amp;rft.btitle=Gyldendals+store+konversasjonsleksikon&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.pub=Gyldendal&amp;rft.date=1972&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.disnorge.no/gravminner/vis.php?mode=x">"Cemeteries in Norway"</a> (in Norwegian). DIS-Norge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Cemeteries+in+Norway&amp;rft.pub=DIS-Norge&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.disnorge.no%2Fgravminner%2Fvis.php%3Fmode%3Dx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jon_Hol&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNerbøvik2007" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jostein_Nerb%C3%B8vik" title="Jostein Nerbøvik">Nerbøvik, Jostein</a> (2007). <i>Norsk historie 1860–1914</i>. Volume five of <i><a href="/wiki/Norsk_historie_(Samlaget)" title="Norsk historie (Samlaget)">Norsk historie</a></i> (in Norwegian) (3rd&#160;ed.). Oslo: Det Norske Samlaget.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Norsk+historie+1860%E2%80%931914&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.series=Volume+five+of+%27%27Norsk+historie%27%27&amp;rft.edition=3rd&amp;rft.pub=Det+Norske+Samlaget&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.aulast=Nerb%C3%B8vik&amp;rft.aufirst=Jostein&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordby2004" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Trond_Nordby" title="Trond Nordby">Nordby, Trond</a> (2004). <i>I politikkens sentrum. Variasjoner i Stortingets makt 1814&#8211;2004</i> (in Norwegian) (2nd&#160;ed.). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-15-00651-5" title="Special:BookSources/82-15-00651-5"><bdi>82-15-00651-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=I+politikkens+sentrum.+Variasjoner+i+Stortingets+makt+1814%26ndash%3B2004&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.edition=2nd&amp;rft.pub=Universitetsforlaget&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=82-15-00651-5&amp;rft.aulast=Nordby&amp;rft.aufirst=Trond&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNordby2006" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Nordby, Trond (2006). "Unionsoppløsningen i 1905 og overgangen til parlamentarisme". <i>Norsk Statsvitenskapelig Tidsskrift</i> (in Norwegian). <b>22</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">3–</span>21. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.18261%2FISSN1504-2936-2006-01-01">10.18261/ISSN1504-2936-2006-01-01</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Norsk+Statsvitenskapelig+Tidsskrift&amp;rft.atitle=Unionsoppl%C3%B8sningen+i+1905+og+overgangen+til+parlamentarisme&amp;rft.volume=22&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E21&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.18261%2FISSN1504-2936-2006-01-01&amp;rft.aulast=Nordby&amp;rft.aufirst=Trond&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSørensen1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98ystein_S%C3%B8rensen" title="Øystein Sørensen">Sørensen, Øystein</a> (1984). <i>1880-årene. Ti år som rystet Norge</i> (in Norwegian). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/82-00-06966-4" title="Special:BookSources/82-00-06966-4"><bdi>82-00-06966-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=1880-%C3%A5rene.+Ti+%C3%A5r+som+rystet+Norge&amp;rft.place=Oslo&amp;rft.pub=Universitetsforlaget&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.isbn=82-00-06966-4&amp;rft.aulast=S%C3%B8rensen&amp;rft.aufirst=%C3%98ystein&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJon+Hol" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon Hol" }
Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Foundation
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class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Thunder_Bay_Regional_Health_Sciences_Foundation" title="Special:EditPage/Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Foundation">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Thunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation%22">"Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Foundation"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Thunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Thunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Thunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Thunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Thunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Foundation</b> (<b>Health Sciences Foundation</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Not-for-profit_organization" title="Not-for-profit organization">not-for-profit organization</a> created to raise funds to support health care in <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_Ontario" title="Northwestern Ontario">Northwestern Ontario</a>. Donations to the Health Sciences Foundation support new medical equipment, technology and a variety of treatment programs in areas of health care including <a href="/wiki/Paediatric" class="mw-redirect" title="Paediatric">paediatrics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renal" class="mw-redirect" title="Renal">renal</a>, emergency and others, with all funds remaining in Northwestern Ontario. The Health Science Foundation's mission statement is "To raise funds to support excellence in health care for the people of Northwestern Ontario." </p><p>On April 1, 2008, it was combined with the Northern Cancer Research Foundation.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Health Sciences Foundation supports three specialty funds: </p> <ul><li>The <i>Northern Cancer Fund</i> raises funds that are dedicated to supporting cancer care in Northwestern Ontario. The Northern Cancer Fund continues the work of the former <b>Northern Cancer Research Foundation</b> and supports the initiatives of the <i>Linda Buchan Centre for Breast Screening and Assessment</i>, the <i>TBayTel Tamarack House</i>, and smoking cessation programs for patients across Northwestern Ontario;</li> <li>The <i>Northern Cardiac Fund</i> raises funds that are dedicated to supporting cardiac care in Northwestern Ontario, and</li> <li>The <i>Health Sciences Discovery Fund</i> raises funds that are dedicated to support medical research across Northwestern Ontario.</li></ul> <p>On October 16, 2019, the Health Sciences Foundation announced the launch of its second-largest campaign to date, the Our Hearts at Home Cardivascular Campaign.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The program would follow a one-program, two-sites model of care in partnership with University Health Network’s (UHN) Peter Munk Cardiac Centre in Toronto.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thunder_Bay_Regional_Health_Sciences_Foundation&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/27065799/your-patient-journey-thunder-bay-regional-health-sciences-centre/26">"Your Patient Journey"</a>. Thunder Bay Regional Health Sciences Centre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 29,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Your+Patient+Journey&amp;rft.pub=Thunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Centre&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yumpu.com%2Fen%2Fdocument%2Fread%2F27065799%2Fyour-patient-journey-thunder-bay-regional-health-sciences-centre%2F26&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunick2019" class="citation news cs1">Dunick, Leith (2019-10-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tbnewswatch.com/local-news/cardiovascular-surgery-program-launches-500k-campaign-1750726">"Cardiovascular surgery program launches multi-million dollar campaign"</a>. <i>TBNewsWatch</i>. Thunder Bay<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-05-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=TBNewsWatch&amp;rft.atitle=Cardiovascular+surgery+program+launches+multi-million+dollar+campaign&amp;rft.date=2019-10-16&amp;rft.aulast=Dunick&amp;rft.aufirst=Leith&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tbnewswatch.com%2Flocal-news%2Fcardiovascular-surgery-program-launches-500k-campaign-1750726&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThunder+Bay+Regional+Health+Sciences+Foundation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhite2016" class="citation news cs1">White, Shelley (2016-11-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/partners/advpmcc1015/bringing-world-class-cardiovascular-care-to-ontarios-northwest/article32675311/">"Bringing world-class cardiovascular care to Ontario's northwest"</a>. <i>The Globe and Mail</i>. Toronto<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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So Glad I'm Me
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div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 125%;">So Glad I'm Me</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:LaKisha_Jones_So_Glad_I%27m_Me.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/LaKisha_Jones_So_Glad_I%27m_Me.jpg/220px-LaKisha_Jones_So_Glad_I%27m_Me.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="219" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/6c/LaKisha_Jones_So_Glad_I%27m_Me.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="241" data-file-height="240" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Studio album</a>&#32;by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/LaKisha_Jones" title="LaKisha Jones">LaKisha Jones</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published">May 19, 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><a href="/wiki/R%26B" title="R&amp;B">R&amp;B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">soul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inspirational_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Inspirational music">inspirational</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Elite Music LLC</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/LaKisha_Jones" title="LaKisha Jones">LaKisha Jones</a> chronology</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="color:inherit; background: transparent; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; border-collapse: collapse; display: inline-table;"> <tbody><tr style="line-height: 1.4em;"> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em .2em 0"><i><a href="/wiki/LaKisha_Jones_(EP)" class="mw-redirect" title="LaKisha Jones (EP)">LaKisha Jones (EP)</a></i><br />(2007) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em .1em"><i><b>So Glad I'm Me</b></i><br />(2009) </td> <td style="width: 33%; text-align: center; vertical-align: top; padding: .2em 0 .2em .1em"> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>So Glad I'm Me</b></i> is the debut album by <i><a href="/wiki/American_Idol" title="American Idol">American Idol</a></i> contestant <a href="/wiki/LaKisha_Jones" title="LaKisha Jones">LaKisha Jones</a>, released on May 19, 2009. The first single, "So Glad I'm Me," was released to iTunes in November 2008. The album sold around 7,000 copies in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-Idol_Chatter_01-15-2010_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Idol_Chatter_01-15-2010-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It reached #47 on <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a>'</i>s Top R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.<sup id="cite_ref-bbchart_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbchart-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A fan book, signed by fans on her Myspace, was released with the CD.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Track_listing">Track listing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=So_Glad_I%27m_Me&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Track listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>"Grateful"</li> <li>"So Glad I'm Me"</li> <li>"Beautiful Girl"</li> <li>"Same Song"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Go_Celebrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Let&#39;s Go Celebrate">Let's Go Celebrate</a>"</li> <li>"Ain't Worth It"</li> <li>"Nothing"</li> <li>"Be Alright"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_Give_Good_Love" title="You Give Good Love">You Give Good Love</a>"</li> <li>"Free" <small>(feat. Mike Winans)</small></li> <li>"Memories (Fade Away)"</li> <li>"Just As I Am"</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bonus_tracks">Bonus tracks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=So_Glad_I%27m_Me&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Bonus tracks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol><li>"Bye Bye" - <a href="/wiki/Walmart" title="Walmart">Walmart</a> Bonus Track</li> <li>"So Glad I'm Me" (Black Pearl Club Mix) - Walmart Bonus Track, iTunes Bonus Track</li> <li>"Picked the Right Time" - Target Bonus Track</li> <li>"Let's Go Celebrate (Remix)"- Target Bonus Track</li> <li>"Let's Go Celebrate" (Jody Den Broeder Remix) - iTunes Bonus Track</li> <li>"Let's Go Celebrate" (Friscia and Lamboy Remix) - iTunes Bonus Track</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=So_Glad_I%27m_Me&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Critical reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/All_Music_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="All Music Guide">All Music Guide</a></i> praised the album and Jones' voice in particular.<sup id="cite_ref-amg_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amg-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> A MLive critic also praised Jones' vocals but criticized the tracks themselves as derivative and "little more than warmed-over <a href="/wiki/Kanye_West" title="Kanye West">Kanye West</a> outtakes."<sup id="cite_ref-mlive_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mlive-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=So_Glad_I%27m_Me&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Idol_Chatter_01-15-2010-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Idol_Chatter_01-15-2010_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.usatoday.com/communities/idolchatter/post/2010/01/the-best-selling-idol-albums-from-2009/1">Idol Chatter 01-15-2010</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbchart-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbchart_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1">"Top R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Albums". Billboard. 6 June 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Top+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Albums&amp;rft.date=2009-06-06&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASo+Glad+I%27m+Me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-amg-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-amg_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmusic.com/album/so-glad-im-me-mw0000816118">"So Glad I'm Me Review by Anthony Tognazzini"</a>. <i>All Music Guide</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=All+Music+Guide&amp;rft.atitle=So+Glad+I%27m+Me+Review+by+Anthony+Tognazzini&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fso-glad-im-me-mw0000816118&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASo+Glad+I%27m+Me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mlive-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mlive_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoach2009" class="citation news cs1">Roach, Theresa N. (18 April 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mlive.com/entertainment/flint/2009/04/review_lakisha_jones_album_so.html">"Review: LaKisha Jones album "So Glad I'm Me" is a celebration of unfailing optimism"</a>. MLive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Review%3A+LaKisha+Jones+album+%22So+Glad+I%27m+Me%22+is+a+celebration+of+unfailing+optimism&amp;rft.date=2009-04-18&amp;rft.aulast=Roach&amp;rft.aufirst=Theresa+N.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mlive.com%2Fentertainment%2Fflint%2F2009%2F04%2Freview_lakisha_jones_album_so.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASo+Glad+I%27m+Me" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output 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Iowa State Cyclones men's golf
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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American college golf team</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Iowa State Cyclones golf</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Iowa_State_Cyclones_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Iowa_State_Cyclones_logo.svg/150px-Iowa_State_Cyclones_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Iowa_State_Cyclones_logo.svg/225px-Iowa_State_Cyclones_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Iowa_State_Cyclones_logo.svg/300px-Iowa_State_Cyclones_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="190" data-file-height="131" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1935<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;90&#160;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1935</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">University</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Conference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Head coach</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="agent">Andrew Tank</span> (7th season)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Ames,_Iowa" title="Ames, Iowa">Ames, Iowa</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Course</th><td class="infobox-data">The Harvester Club<br />Par: 72<br />Yards: 7463</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nickname</th><td class="infobox-data nickname"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones" title="Iowa State Cyclones">Cyclones</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Colors</th><td class="infobox-data">Cardinal&#160;and&#160;gold<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#822433">&#160;</span>&#160;<span class="legend-color" style="background-color:#FDCA2F">&#160;</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#822433;color:#FFFFFF;">NCAA Championship appearances</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>1939, 1940, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2017, 2018</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#822433;color:#FFFFFF;">Conference champions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>1940, 1947, 1953</b></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#822433;color:#FFFFFF;">Individual conference champions</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Billy Hall (1939), Max Hall (1941), Dan Molyneaux (1953)</b></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Iowa State Cyclones men's golf</b> team represents <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a> (ISU) and competes in the <a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12 Conference</a> of <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I" title="NCAA Division I">NCAA Division I</a>. The team is coached by Andrew Tank, he is in his 7th year at Iowa State. The Cyclones play their home meets at <a href="/wiki/Veenker_Memorial_Golf_Course" title="Veenker Memorial Golf Course">Veenker Memorial Golf Course</a> on Iowa State's campus. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_State_Cyclones_men%27s_golf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Iowa State men's golf team first got it start in 1923 in the <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Missouri Valley Intercollegiate Athletic Association conference</a>. After three years the MVIAA dropped men's golf as a sponsored sport. When the <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> sponsored golf in 1935, Iowa State joined once again. The early Cyclone squad were led by Coach <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Otopalik" title="Hugo Otopalik">Hugo Otopalik</a> who split his time between Iowa State golf and <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_wrestling" title="Iowa State Cyclones wrestling">wrestling</a>. As a pioneer in the field of collegiate golf, OtopaliK was tournament director at the first <a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA golf championship</a> held at the Wakonda Country Club in <a href="/wiki/Des_Moines,_Iowa" title="Des Moines, Iowa">Des Moines</a> in <a href="/wiki/1939_NCAA_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="1939 NCAA Golf Championship">1939</a> and was the first chairman of the NCAA golf committee. His best squads were headlined by brothers Billy and Max Hall; culminating with <a href="/wiki/Big_Six_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Six Conference">Big Six</a> conference titles for Billy and Max in 1939 and 1941 respectively and a seventh-place finish in the 1940 NCAA Championship.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After struggling to find success for almost half a century the Cyclones were able to reach the NCAA Regionals in seven out of nine years from 1991 to 1999. Several of those 1990s were led by <a href="/wiki/Jason_Knutzon" title="Jason Knutzon">Jason Knutzon</a> who would go on to play in both the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Open_(golf)" title="U.S. Open (golf)">U.S. Open</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Championship" title="The Open Championship">The Open Championship</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under current head coach, Andrew Tank, Iowa State is experiencing success both individually and as a team. Nate McCoy finished tied for 29th at the <a href="/wiki/2012_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">2012 NCAA Championship</a>, the highest individual finish in program history. In 2014 the team would reach the <a href="/wiki/2014_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Finals</a> for the first time in over 50 years, they finished tied for 25th </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Record">Record</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_State_Cyclones_men%27s_golf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Record"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color:#822433;color:white;">Record by Year<sup id="cite_ref-cyclones1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyclones1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Conference </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Finish </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">National Tournament </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Finish </th></tr> <tr> <td>1923 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1924 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1925 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1926 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1927 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1928 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1929 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1930 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1932 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1933 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1934 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">Golf Dropped by <a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">MVIAA</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1935 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1936 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1937 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1938 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3rd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1939 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1940 </td> <td style="text-align: center; background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;"><b><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center; background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;"><b>1st</b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">2nd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">No Meet Due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WWII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1943 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">No Meet Due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WWII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1944 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">No Meet Due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WWII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945 </td> <td style="text-align: center;" colspan="4">No Meet Due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">WWII</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1947 </td> <td style="text-align: center; background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;"><b><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Six</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center; background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;"><b>1st</b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">34th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1948 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3rd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">22nd </td></tr> <tr> <td>1953 </td> <td style="text-align: center; background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;"><b><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a></b> </td> <td style="text-align: center; background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;"><b>1st</b> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">19th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1955 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3rd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Seven</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3rd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1963 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1965 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3rd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5" style="background-color:#822433;color:white;">Record by Year<sup id="cite_ref-cyclones1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyclones1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Conference </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Finish </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">National Tournament </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;&quot;">Finish </th></tr> <tr> <td>1975 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1982 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1983 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1984 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1985 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">DNP </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1986 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1987 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">6th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1988 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1989 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">19th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3rd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-17th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">5th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">19th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1994 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">20th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1996 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_Eight_Conference" title="Big Eight Conference">Big Eight</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">15th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">3rd </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">14th </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1999 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">20th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2000 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">11th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">11th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2002 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">11th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2003 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2006 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2007 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2009 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">12th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">10th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-11th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">7th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2012_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-9th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2014_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-25th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2015_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">8th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2017 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">9th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2017_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2017 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-18th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2018 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Big_12_Conference" title="Big 12 Conference">Big 12</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">4th </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2018_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2018 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-19th </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>&#32; </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Individual_honors">Individual honors</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_State_Cyclones_men%27s_golf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Individual honors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1216972533"><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4" style="background-color:#822433;color:white;">NCAA Appearances<sup id="cite_ref-cyclones1_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyclones1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Name </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Tournament </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Finish </th></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">John Benda </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">CUT </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Dick Stuntz </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">CUT </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Clay Davis </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">CUT </td></tr> <tr> <td>1990 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Jim Webb </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-61st </td></tr> <tr> <td>2004 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Jeremy Lyons </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championships" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championships">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-17th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Baker_(golfer)" title="Chris Baker (golfer)">Chris Baker</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2008_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2008 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-12th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ben Herrera </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2010_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2010 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-16th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nate McCoy </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2012_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2012 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Finals</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-29th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Scott Fernandez </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2013_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-13th </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nick Voke </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/2016_NCAA_Division_I_Men%27s_Golf_Championship" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 NCAA Division I Men&#39;s Golf Championship">NCAA Regional</a> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">T-22nd </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#822433;color:white;">All-America Team </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Baker_(golfer)" title="Chris Baker (golfer)">Chris Baker</a> (HM) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nate McCoy (HM) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Scott Fernandez (2nd) </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#822433;color:white;">PING All-Region Team </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Baker_(golfer)" title="Chris Baker (golfer)">Chris Baker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nate McCoy </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Scott Fernandez </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Scott Fernandez </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Scott Fernandez </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nick Voke </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><br /> </p> </td> <td class="col-break col-break-2"> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#822433;color:white;">All-Conference Selections<sup id="cite_ref-cyclones1_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cyclones1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Year </th> <th scope="col" style="background-color:#FDCA2F;color:#822433;">Name </th></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/John_Benda" title="John Benda">John Benda</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Dick Stuntz </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Dana Kain </td></tr> <tr> <td>1980 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Clay Davis </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Pat McCormick </td></tr> <tr> <td>1992 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Rich Balla </td></tr> <tr> <td>1993 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Mark Hankins </td></tr> <tr> <td>1995 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Travis Korver </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Knutzon" title="Jason Knutzon">Jason Knutzon</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1997 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Donnie Teeter </td></tr> <tr> <td>1998 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Matt Lewis </td></tr> <tr> <td>2005 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Baker_(golfer)" title="Chris Baker (golfer)">Chris Baker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2008 </td> <td style="text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Chris_Baker_(golfer)" title="Chris Baker (golfer)">Chris Baker</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2012 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nate McCoy </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Scott Fernandez </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Sam Daley </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nick Voke </td></tr> <tr> <td>2014 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Ruben Sondjaja </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Scott Fernandez </td></tr> <tr> <td>2015 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nick Voke </td></tr> <tr> <td>2016 </td> <td style="text-align: center;">Nick Voke </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>&#32; </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veenker_Memorial_Golf_Course">Veenker Memorial Golf Course</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_State_Cyclones_men%27s_golf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Veenker Memorial Golf Course"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Veenker_Memorial_Golf_Course" title="Veenker Memorial Golf Course">Veenker Memorial Golf Course</a></div> <p>Named for George F. Veenker, head football coach at Iowa State from 1931 to 1936. He was also Athletic Director from 1933 until 1945. The golf course was completed in 1938 and given its current name in 1959. </p><p>The 6,543-yard, par-72, George Veenker Memorial Golf Course is located just two blocks north of the Iowa State campus. The 18-hole course was constructed in 1938 from the design of golf course architect, <a href="/wiki/Perry_Maxwell" title="Perry Maxwell">Perry Maxwell</a> (re-designer of the seventh and 10th holes at Augusta National Golf Club in 1937). The golf course was built with WPA and Athletic Council funds, and cost $122,373.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The course hosted the conference championships in 1982 and 1989, two regional <a href="/wiki/AIAW" class="mw-redirect" title="AIAW">AIAW</a> championships, and hosts the annual Iowa Masters Championship. It also hosted the 1949 <a href="/wiki/NCAA" class="mw-redirect" title="NCAA">NCAA</a> national championship, in which <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Palmer" title="Arnold Palmer">Arnold Palmer</a> was a participant.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The team practices at the newly opened $2 million Golf Performance Center located three miles from campus. The 16-acre facility was designed by world renowned architech Keith Foster to be used exclusively by the Iowa State men's and women's golf team.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_State_Cyclones_men%27s_golf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.trademark.iastate.edu/files/documents/2021-11/iowastate.pdf">"Iowa State University Style Guide"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Trademark.IAState.edu</i>. February 20, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 14,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Trademark.IAState.edu&amp;rft.atitle=Iowa+State+University+Style+Guide&amp;rft.date=2020-02-20&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.trademark.iastate.edu%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2F2021-11%2Fiowastate.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+State+Cyclones+men%27s+golf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyclones.com/sports/2015/3/2/GEN_20140101201.aspx">"Hugo Otopalik - Hall of Fame Class of 2006 - Iowa State Athletics"</a>. Cyclones.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Hugo+Otopalik+-+Hall+of+Fame+Class+of+2006+-+Iowa+State+Athletics&amp;rft.pub=Cyclones.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclones.com%2Fsports%2F2015%2F3%2F2%2FGEN_20140101201.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+State+Cyclones+men%27s+golf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pgatour.com/content/pgatour/players/player.25234.jason-knutzon.html/career">"– Jason Knutzon Career"</a>. Pgatour.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%E2%80%93+Jason+Knutzon+Career&amp;rft.pub=Pgatour.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pgatour.com%2Fcontent%2Fpgatour%2Fplayers%2Fplayer.25234.jason-knutzon.html%2Fcareer&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+State+Cyclones+men%27s+golf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cyclones1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cyclones1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cyclones1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cyclones1_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cyclones1_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLive_&quot;_+_fromNow_+_&quot;" class="citation web cs1">Live " + fromNow + ". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyclones.com/documents/2016/6/23/MGolf_Records.pdf">"Iowa State Athletics"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Cyclones.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Iowa+State+Athletics&amp;rft.pub=Cyclones.com&amp;rft.au=Live+%22+%2B+fromNow+%2B+%22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclones.com%2Fdocuments%2F2016%2F6%2F23%2FMGolf_Records.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+State+Cyclones+men%27s+golf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.public.iastate.edu/~isu150/history/timeline-1925.html">History of Iowa State: Time Line, 1925–1949</a> – 1938</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyclones.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=46691&amp;SPID=4256&amp;DB_OEM_ID=10700&amp;ATCLID=541512">Veenker Memorial Golf Course</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120217105100/http://www.cyclones.com/ViewArticle.dbml?SPSID=46691&amp;SPID=4256&amp;DB_OEM_ID=10700&amp;ATCLID=541512">Archived</a> February 17, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLive_&quot;_+_fromNow_+_&quot;" class="citation web cs1">Live " + fromNow + ". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cyclones.com/facilities/?id=2">"Iowa State Athletics"</a>. Cyclones.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 21,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Iowa+State+Athletics&amp;rft.pub=Cyclones.com&amp;rft.au=Live+%22+%2B+fromNow+%2B+%22&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cyclones.com%2Ffacilities%2F%3Fid%3D2&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIowa+State+Cyclones+men%27s+golf" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Iowa_State_Cyclones_men%27s_golf&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cyclones.com/sports/golf">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6064621#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Iowa_State_University" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Iowa_State_University" title="Template talk:Iowa State University"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Iowa_State_University" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Iowa State University"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Iowa_State_University" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Iowa State University</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;"><div><b>Located in</b>: <a href="/wiki/Ames,_Iowa" title="Ames, Iowa"><span style="color:white">Ames, Iowa</span></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Colleges" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Colleges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University_College_of_Business" title="Iowa State University College of Business">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University_College_of_Engineering" title="Iowa State University College of Engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University_College_of_Human_Sciences" title="Iowa State University College of Human Sciences">Human Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University_College_of_Liberal_Arts_%26_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Iowa State University College of Liberal Arts &amp; Sciences">Liberal Arts &amp; Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University_College_of_Veterinary_Medicine" title="Iowa State University College of Veterinary Medicine">Veterinary Medicine</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Campus_of_Iowa_State_University_54.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Campus_of_Iowa_State_University_54.jpg/150px-Campus_of_Iowa_State_University_54.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Campus_of_Iowa_State_University_54.jpg/225px-Campus_of_Iowa_State_University_54.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Campus_of_Iowa_State_University_54.jpg/300px-Campus_of_Iowa_State_University_54.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones" title="Iowa State Cyclones"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Athletics</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_baseball" title="Iowa State Cyclones baseball">Baseball</a> <i>(defunct)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_men%27s_basketball" title="Iowa State Cyclones men&#39;s basketball">Men's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_women%27s_basketball" title="Iowa State Cyclones women&#39;s basketball">Women's basketball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_cross_country" title="Iowa State Cyclones cross country">Cross country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_football" title="Iowa State Cyclones football">Football</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_women%27s_gymnastics" title="Iowa State Cyclones women&#39;s gymnastics">Gymnastics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_women%27s_soccer" title="Iowa State Cyclones women&#39;s soccer">Soccer (women's)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_softball" title="Iowa State Cyclones softball">Softball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_women%27s_swimming_and_diving" title="Iowa State Cyclones women&#39;s swimming and diving">Swimming &amp; diving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_track_and_field" title="Iowa State Cyclones track and field">Track &amp; field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_women%27s_volleyball" title="Iowa State Cyclones women&#39;s volleyball">Volleyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_wrestling" title="Iowa State Cyclones wrestling">Wrestling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames/ISU_Ice_Arena" title="Ames/ISU Ice Arena">Ames/ISU Ice Arena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cap_Timm_Field" title="Cap Timm Field">Cap Timm Field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Trice_Stadium" title="Jack Trice Stadium">Jack Trice Stadium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilton_Coliseum" title="Hilton Coliseum">Hilton Coliseum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veenker_Memorial_Golf_Course" title="Veenker Memorial Golf Course">Veenker Memorial Golf Course</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Rivalries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa%E2%80%93Iowa_State_rivalry" title="Iowa–Iowa State rivalry">Iowa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iowa%E2%80%93Iowa_State_football_rivalry" title="Iowa–Iowa State football rivalry">Cy-Hawk Trophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Corn_Cy-Hawk_Series" title="Iowa Corn Cy-Hawk Series">Cy-Hawk Series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_Big_Four_men%27s_college_basketball" title="Iowa Big Four men&#39;s college basketball">Iowa Big Four</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Big_Four_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="Big Four Classic">Big Four Classic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State%E2%80%93Kansas_State_football_rivalry" title="Iowa State–Kansas State football rivalry">Kansas State (football)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State%E2%80%93Missouri_football_rivalry" title="Iowa State–Missouri football rivalry">Missouri (football)</a> <i>(defunct)</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cy_the_Cardinal" title="Cy the Cardinal">Cy the Cardinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Cyclones_Hall_of_Fame" title="Iowa State Cyclones Hall of Fame">Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISU_Fights" title="ISU Fights">ISU Fights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University_Cyclone_Marching_Band" title="Iowa State University Cyclone Marching Band">Marching Band</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Campus_of_Iowa_State_University" title="Campus of Iowa State University"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Campus</span></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campus_of_Iowa_State_University" title="Campus of Iowa State University">Buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campanile_(Iowa_State_University)" title="Campanile (Iowa State University)">Campanile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reiman_Gardens" title="Reiman Gardens">Reiman Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Center" title="Iowa State Center">Iowa State Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alumni_Center_(Iowa_State_University)" title="Alumni Center (Iowa State University)">Alumni Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beardshear_Hall" title="Beardshear Hall">Beardshear Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrollment_Services_Center" title="Enrollment Services Center">Enrollment Services Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Union_(Iowa_State_University)" title="Memorial Union (Iowa State University)">Memorial Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morrill_Hall_(Iowa_State_University)" title="Morrill Hall (Iowa State University)">Morrill Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Farm_House_(Knapp%E2%80%93Wilson_House)" title="The Farm House (Knapp–Wilson House)">Farm House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carver_Hall" title="Carver Hall">Carver Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catt_Hall" title="Catt Hall">Catt Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fick_Observatory" title="Fick Observatory">Fick Observatory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Research</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Laboratory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ames Laboratory">Ames Laboratory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ames_Project" title="Ames Project">Ames Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atanasoff%E2%80%93Berry_computer" title="Atanasoff–Berry computer">Atanasoff–Berry computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CYCLONE" class="mw-redirect" title="CYCLONE">CYCLONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honeywell_v._Sperry_Rand" class="mw-redirect" title="Honeywell v. Sperry Rand">Honeywell v. Sperry Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spacecraft_Systems_and_Controls_Lab" title="Spacecraft Systems and Controls Lab">Spacecraft Systems and Controls Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StrangeSearch" title="StrangeSearch">StrangeSearch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BugGuide" title="BugGuide">BugGuide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_Reality_Applications_Center" title="Virtual Reality Applications Center">VRAC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">Student life</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_Daily" title="Iowa State Daily">Iowa State Daily</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KURE" title="KURE">KURE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PrISUm" title="PrISUm">PrISUm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VEISHEA" title="VEISHEA">VEISHEA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CyRide" title="CyRide">CyRide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuffs_(Iowa_State_University)" title="Cuffs (Iowa State University)">Cuffs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;;width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Iowa_State_University_people" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Iowa State University people">Notable alumni and faculty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Presidents_of_Iowa_State_University" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Presidents of Iowa State University">ISU Presidents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Vincent_Atanasoff" title="John Vincent Atanasoff">John Vincent Atanasoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Carver" title="George Washington Carver">George Washington Carver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carrie_Chapman_Catt" title="Carrie Chapman Catt">Carrie Chapman Catt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Knudson" title="Tom Knudson">Tom Knudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Trice" title="Jack Trice">Jack Trice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Malcolm_Trout" title="G. Malcolm Trout">G. Malcolm Trout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#C8102E; color:white; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #F1BE48, inset -2px -2px 0 #F1BE48;"><div> <ul><li><b>Founded</b>: 1858</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐8445b8969b‐wnqzw Cached time: 20250101005437 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.425 seconds Real time usage: 0.547 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2021/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 58045/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2534/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 3/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 33119/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.231/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7208014/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 454.586 1 -total 30.71% 139.610 1 Template:Infobox_college_golf_team 23.53% 106.956 1 Template:Reflist 22.56% 102.545 3 Template:Navbox 22.45% 102.048 1 Template:Iowa_State_University 18.24% 82.919 5 Template:Cite_web 18.15% 82.519 1 Template:Infobox 14.67% 66.666 7 Template:Main_other 11.18% 50.811 1 Template:Short_description 8.22% 37.376 1 Template:College_color_list --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255645:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250101005437 and revision id 1259151461. 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Karen Overington
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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Karen Overington</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Karen_Marie_Overington_died_2011.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a0/Karen_Marie_Overington_died_2011.png/220px-Karen_Marie_Overington_died_2011.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a0/Karen_Marie_Overington_died_2011.png 1.5x" data-file-width="299" data-file-height="299" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian Parliament">Victorian Parliament</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Ballarat_West" title="Electoral district of Ballarat West">Ballarat West</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />18 September 1999&#160;–&#32;2 November 2010</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jenkins_(politician)" title="Paul Jenkins (politician)">Paul Jenkins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Knight_(politician)" title="Sharon Knight (politician)">Sharon Knight</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Karen Marie Brown</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1951-11-16</span>)</span>16 November 1951<br /><a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">11 August 2011<span style="display:none">(2011-08-11)</span> (aged&#160;59)<br /><a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Victoria_(Australia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Victoria (Australia)">Victoria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Victorian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)">Labor Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Brian Overington (1970–2009; his death)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Politician, welfare worker</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Karen Marie Overington</b> (16 November 1951 – 11 August 2011) was an Australian politician. She was a <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party_(Victorian_Branch)" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Labor Party (Victorian Branch)">Labor Party</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Victorian Legislative Assembly</a> from 1999 to 2010, representing the electorate of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Ballarat_West" title="Electoral district of Ballarat West">Ballarat West</a>. </p><p>Overington was born Karen Marie Brown in <a href="/wiki/Ballarat" title="Ballarat">Ballarat</a>, and attended <a href="/wiki/Sacred_Heart_College,_Ballarat" title="Sacred Heart College, Ballarat">Sacred Heart College</a>. She worked as an electorate officer from 1984 to 1992, and as a <a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church_of_Australia" class="mw-redirect" title="Uniting Church of Australia">Uniting Church</a> outreach worker from 1994 to 1999. She had a lengthy career in local government before her election to parliament, serving as a councillor for the <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Sebastopol" title="Borough of Sebastopol">Borough of Sebastopol</a> from 1982 until 1994, with a stint as mayor in 1990–1991. The council was merged with several neighbouring ones in 1994, and Overington won election to the larger <a href="/wiki/City_of_Ballarat" title="City of Ballarat">City of Ballarat</a> council at its first election in 1996, serving in that role until her election to parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overington was elected to parliament on her second attempt as part of Labor's victory in the 1999 elections, having lost one prior attempt in 1993. She was re-elected with little difficulty in 2002 and 2006, winning 55.5 per cent of the vote at the 2006 election. <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Overington was married with two children.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Her husband, Brian Overington, died in 2009, and she was diagnosed with cancer shortly afterwards. She retired from parliament at the <a href="/wiki/2010_Victorian_state_election" title="2010 Victorian state election">2010 state election</a>, and died on 11 August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Karen_Overington&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/handbook/searchresult.cfm?menuid=1&amp;memberId=139">"Parliamentary Handbook: Karen Overington"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080806114250/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/handbook/searchresult.cfm?menuid=1&amp;memberId=139">Archived</a> 6 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament of Victoria</a></i> Retrieved on 3 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gibson, Rachel. "Winds of change". <i>The Age</i>, 27 September 1997.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barker, Geoffrey. "Kirner throws her energies into Ballarat win". <i>The Age</i>, 25 September 1992.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/handbook/searchresult.cfm?menuid=1&amp;memberId=139">"Parliamentary Handbook: Karen Overington"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080806114250/http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/handbook/searchresult.cfm?menuid=1&amp;memberId=139">Archived</a> 6 August 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Victoria" title="Parliament of Victoria">Parliament of Victoria</a></i> Retrieved on 3 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/state2006resultBallaratWestDistrict.html">"State Election 2006: Ballarat West District"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090714042211/http://www.vec.vic.gov.au/state2006resultBallaratWestDistrict.html">Archived</a> 14 July 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Electoral_Commission" title="Victorian Electoral Commission">Victorian Electoral Commission</a></i> Retrieved on 3 April 2009.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFQuilan2011" class="citation news cs1">Quilan, Kim (13 August 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecourier.com.au/news/local/news/general/angel-of-sebastopol-karen-overington-worked-behind-the-scenes/2257331.aspx">"Angel of Sebastopol – Karen Overington worked behind the scenes"</a>. <i>thecourier.com.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=thecourier.com.au&amp;rft.atitle=Angel+of+Sebastopol+%E2%80%93+Karen+Overington+worked+behind+the+scenes&amp;rft.date=2011-08-13&amp;rft.aulast=Quilan&amp;rft.aufirst=Kim&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecourier.com.au%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2Fangel-of-sebastopol-karen-overington-worked-behind-the-scenes%2F2257331.aspx&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaren+Overington" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-08-11/former-labor-mp-dies/2835266">"Former Labor MP Karen Overington dies"</a>. ABC (<a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a>). 11 August 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Former+Labor+MP+Karen+Overington+dies&amp;rft.pub=ABC+%28Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation%29&amp;rft.date=2011-08-11&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2011-08-11%2Fformer-labor-mp-dies%2F2835266&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKaren+Overington" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baillieu, Ted: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/images/stories/daily-hansard/Assembly_2011/Assembly_Daily_Extract_Tuesday_30_August_2011_from_Book_12.pdf">CONDOLENCES: Karen Marie Overington</a>, Parliament of Victoria, 30 August 2011.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Victorian Legislative Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Jenkins_(politician)" title="Paul Jenkins (politician)">Paul Jenkins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Ballarat_West" title="Electoral district of Ballarat West">Ballarat West</a> </b><br />1999–2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Sharon_Knight_(politician)" title="Sharon Knight (politician)">Sharon Knight</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output 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Viva Machine (album)
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.infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: lightsteelblue; font-size: 125%;">Viva Machine</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivamachinealbumcover.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a9/Vivamachinealbumcover.jpg/220px-Vivamachinealbumcover.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a9/Vivamachinealbumcover.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="316" data-file-height="316" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Album" title="Album">Studio album</a>&#32;by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline"><a href="/wiki/Viva_Machine" title="Viva Machine">Viva Machine</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published">15 June 2009</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">2007–2008, Warwick Hall, Cardiff</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">Alternative rock</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Rocklouder Records</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Richard Jackson</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: lightsteelblue"><a href="/wiki/Single_(music)" title="Single (music)">Singles</a> from <i> Viva Machine </i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="text-align:left"> <ol><li><span class="item"><span class="fn">"Robotbodyrox"</span><br />Released: 9 November 2008</span></li> <li><span class="item"><span class="fn">"Earthquakers and Loveshakers"</span><br />Released: 8 June 2009</span></li></ol> </div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Viva Machine</b></i> is the self-titled debut album by Welsh band <a href="/wiki/Viva_Machine" title="Viva Machine">Viva Machine</a>, released worldwide on 15 June 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viva_Machine_(album)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The album was completed in mid-2008, with the band recording 15 A-sides, which were then whittled down to the 10 tracks that have made the album. The first single from the album, "Robotbodyrox" was released on 9 November 2008. <a href="/wiki/Rock_Sound" title="Rock Sound">Rock Sound</a> magazine included "Futuristic Dracula" as a track on its free CD in the 2008 Christmas edition. "Earthquakers and Loveshakers" will be released as a free download on 15 June.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The album's track listing was revealed on <a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon.com</a> music, along with 30 second samples of each of the tracks.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The album's second single "Earthquakers and Loveshakers", new official website, artwork, album track listing<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and 10 track previews were revealed on 5 May 2009; the music video <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> for "Earthquakers and Loveshakers", also released on 5 May, was directed by Adam Linzey and produced and developed by New Treatment, the location used was a disused retirement home, as well as scenery created using <a href="/wiki/Green_screen" class="mw-redirect" title="Green screen">green screening</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was also revealed that if fans signed up to the bands mailing list they would receive the single as a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vivamachine.com/single/">free download</a> on 8 June as opposed to a week later on the album's release.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>To complement the "Earthquakers and Loveshakers" promotional video, a 'making of' documentary was filmed on set by Richard Collins. </p><p>The album artwork and concept, an instructional manual/scrapbook for an 'imagined machine', was designed by Richard Collins and produced with Nicole Carter and Viva Machine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viva_Machine_(album)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Reception"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:24.2em;font-size:88%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0"><caption style="font-size:115%">Professional ratings</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Review scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><i><a href="/wiki/Rock_Sound" title="Rock Sound">Rock Sound</a></i></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="7/10 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="7/10 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/7px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/14px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/7px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/14px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/7px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/14px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Fake_DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="This Is Fake DIY">This Is Fake DIY</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><span role="img" style="white-space:nowrap" title="8/10 stars"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="8/10 stars"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/7px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/14px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/7px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/14px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/7px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="7" height="7" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/14px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /></span></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><i>The Tune</i></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle">(C+)<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Toni-Michelle Spencer of <a href="/wiki/This_Is_Fake_DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="This Is Fake DIY">This Is Fake DIY</a> heavily praised the record, giving it 8/10 and stating <i>"we fell in love with Viva Machine from the outset: absolutely glorious – truly a band worth keeping your eye on"</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Click Music's Dom Smith also rated the album highly, <i>"let's face it, they have hooks that you can't resist and catchy lyrics you might not always understand, but that you certainly can't ignore. Believe the hype, Viva Machine are coming to rock your body right"</i> giving it 4/5.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Rock_Sound" title="Rock Sound">Rock Sound</a> magazine's Mike Haydock rated the album 7/10 <i>"they sound hugely talented and chart-bound"</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Track_listing">Track listing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viva_Machine_(album)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Track listing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236635009">.mw-parser-output .tracklist{border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr{background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr:nth-child(2n-1){background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist caption{text-align:left;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist td,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="col"]{text-align:left;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-length-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th.tracklist-number-header,.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"],.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length,.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{padding-right:10px;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tracklist th[scope="row"]{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-number-header{width:2em;padding-left:10px}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-length-header{width:4em}.mw-parser-output .tracklist tr.tracklist-total-length{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tracklist .tracklist-total-length th{padding:0;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length th>span{float:right;padding:0 10px;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)}.mw-parser-output .tracklist-total-length td{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);font-weight:bold;padding:0 10px 0 0}</style><div class="track-listing"><p>All tracks are written by <a href="/wiki/Viva_Machine" title="Viva Machine">Viva Machine</a></p><table class="tracklist"><caption>Album Tracks</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track1" scope="row">1.</th><td>"Robotbodyrox"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track2" scope="row">2.</th><td>"Go Johny, Go! Go! Go!"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track3" scope="row">3.</th><td>"Earthquakers &amp; Loveshakers"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track4" scope="row">4.</th><td>"Oxygen"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track5" scope="row">5.</th><td>"Death Star Trucker"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track6" scope="row">6.</th><td>"Yo Ho"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track7" scope="row">7.</th><td>"Here Comes The Speed Of Light"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track8" scope="row">8.</th><td>"Supernova"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track9" scope="row">9.</th><td>"A Futuristic Dracula"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track10" scope="row">10.</th><td>"Mental State"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>B-Sides</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track1" scope="row">1.</th><td>"Mercenaries"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track2" scope="row">2.</th><td>"Delirious"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track3" scope="row">3.</th><td>"Hospital"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track4" scope="row">4.</th><td>"Nothing is Impossible"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236635009"><div class="track-listing"><table class="tracklist"><caption>Remixes</caption><tbody><tr><th class="tracklist-number-header" scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr></th><th scope="col" style="width:100%">Title</th><th class="tracklist-length-header" scope="col">Length</th></tr><tr><th id="track1" scope="row">1.</th><td>"Robotbodyrox (Mr. Michael Monster Remix) (Appears on the Robotbodyrox single)"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr><tr><th id="track2" scope="row">2.</th><td>"Robotbodyrox (Acoustic) (Appears on the Robotbodyrox single)"</td><td class="tracklist-length">&#160;</td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Viva_Machine_(album)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clickmusic.com/articles/10827/Viva-Machine-Announce-Debut-Album.html">"Viva Machine Debut Album Plans"</a>. <i>Click music</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Click+music&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+Debut+Album+Plans&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickmusic.com%2Farticles%2F10827%2FViva-Machine-Announce-Debut-Album.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisfakediy.co.uk/articles/news/viva-machine-announce-debut-album">"Viva Machine Announce Debut Album"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/This_Is_Fake_DIY" class="mw-redirect" title="This Is Fake DIY">This Is Fake DIY</a></i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=This+Is+Fake+DIY&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+Announce+Debut+Album&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisfakediy.co.uk%2Farticles%2Fnews%2Fviva-machine-announce-debut-album&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocksound.tv/news/article/viva-machine-announce-debut-album-details">"Viva Machine Announce Debut Album"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rock_Sound" title="Rock Sound">Rock Sound</a></i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Rock+Sound&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+Announce+Debut+Album&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rocksound.tv%2Fnews%2Farticle%2Fviva-machine-announce-debut-album-details&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0027BNSS6/ref=dm_sp_alb">"Viva Machine - Self Titled Album"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Amazon.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Amazon.com">Amazon</a></i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Amazon&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+-+Self+Titled+Album&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fgp%2Fproduct%2FB0027BNSS6%2Fref%3Ddm_sp_alb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.play.com/Music/CD/-/32/45/-/9783641/Viva-Machine/Product.html?searchtype=genre">"Viva Machine Self titled"</a>. <i>Play.com</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Play.com&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+Self+titled&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.play.com%2FMusic%2FCD%2F-%2F32%2F45%2F-%2F9783641%2FViva-Machine%2FProduct.html%3Fsearchtype%3Dgenre&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisfakediy.tv/video/5610/viva-machine-earthquakers-loveshakers">"Viva Machine Earthquakers and Loveshakers music video"</a>. <i>thisisfakediy</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=thisisfakediy&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+Earthquakers+and+Loveshakers+music+video&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thisisfakediy.tv%2Fvideo%2F5610%2Fviva-machine-earthquakers-loveshakers&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newtreatment.co.uk/news/63-viva-machine-video-shoot-completed">"Viva Machine video shoot completed"</a>. <i>New Treatment</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=New+Treatment&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+video+shoot+completed&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newtreatment.co.uk%2Fnews%2F63-viva-machine-video-shoot-completed&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clickmusic.com/articles/11016/Viva-Machine---Earthquakers--Loveshakers.html">"Viva Machine Earthquakers and Loveshakers"</a>. <i>Clickmusic</i>. 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Clickmusic&amp;rft.atitle=Viva+Machine+Earthquakers+and+Loveshakers&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clickmusic.com%2Farticles%2F11016%2FViva-Machine---Earthquakers--Loveshakers.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AViva+Machine+%28album%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocksound.tv/reviews/article/viva-machine-viva-machine">Rock Sound review</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisfakediy.co.uk/articles/albums/viva-machine-viva-machine">This Is Fake DIY review</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thetunemusic.com/2009/07/first-impressions-this-century-between.html">The Tune review</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thisisfakediy.co.uk/articles/albums/viva-machine-viva-machine">Reviews: Viva Machine - Viva Machine</a> this is fake diy, June 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clickmusic.com/articles/11293/Viva-Machine---Viva-Machine.html">Viva Machine</a> Click Music, Dom Smith, June 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rocksound.tv/reviews/article/viva-machine-viva-machine">viva machine - viva machine review</a> Rock Sound, June 2009</span> </li> </ol></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐rs925 Cached time: 20241228182939 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.366 seconds Real time usage: 0.480 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2221/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40360/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 2756/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 20/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 39610/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.213/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6575677/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 424.380 1 -total 47.09% 199.861 1 Template:Infobox_album 27.48% 116.635 2 Template:Infobox 27.04% 114.764 1 Template:Reflist 23.10% 98.041 8 Template:Cite_web 16.18% 68.649 1 Template:Short_description 7.57% 32.120 1 Template:Singles 6.95% 29.503 1 Template:Use_dmy_dates 6.44% 27.344 3 Template:Tracklist 5.70% 24.205 16 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255714:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228182939 and revision id 1240083793. 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Social Security number
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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose_and_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose_and_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Purpose and use</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Purpose_and_use-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Purpose and use subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Purpose_and_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Non-universal_status" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Non-universal_status"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Non-universal status</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Non-universal_status-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_required_for_federal_tax_purposes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_required_for_federal_tax_purposes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Use required for federal tax purposes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_required_for_federal_tax_purposes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Types_of_Social_Security_cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Types_of_Social_Security_cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Types of Social Security cards</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Types_of_Social_Security_cards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Identity_theft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Identity_theft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Identity theft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Identity_theft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Replacement_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Replacement_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Replacement numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Replacement_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Structure</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Structure-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Structure subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Previous_structure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Previous_structure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Previous structure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Previous_structure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Valid_SSNs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Valid_SSNs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Valid SSNs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Valid_SSNs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Exhaustion_and_re-use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Exhaustion_and_re-use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Exhaustion and re-use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Exhaustion_and_re-use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SSNs_used_in_advertising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SSNs_used_in_advertising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>SSNs used in advertising</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SSNs_used_in_advertising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-List_of_Social_Security_area_numbers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#List_of_Social_Security_area_numbers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>List of Social Security area numbers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-List_of_Social_Security_area_numbers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Social Security number</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A" title="رقم الضمان الاجتماعي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="رقم الضمان الاجتماعي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_number" title="Social Security number – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Social Security number" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sozialversicherungsnummer" title="Sozialversicherungsnummer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sozialversicherungsnummer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_Seguro_Social" title="Número de Seguro Social – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Número de Seguro Social" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%AA%D8%A3%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%DB%8C" title="شماره تأمین اجتماعی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شماره تأمین اجتماعی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_Security_number" title="Social Security number – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Social Security number" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%ED%9A%8C_%EB%B3%B4%EC%9E%A5_%EB%B2%88%ED%98%B8" title="사회 보장 번호 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사회 보장 번호" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_security_number" title="Social security number – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Social security number" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%A4%D7%A8_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%98%D7%95%D7%97_%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99" title="מספר ביטוח לאומי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מספר ביטוח לאומי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E4%BF%9D%E9%9A%9C%E7%95%AA%E5%8F%B7" title="社会保障番号 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="社会保障番号" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numer_ubezpieczenia_spo%C5%82ecznego_w_Stanach_Zjednoczonych" title="Numer ubezpieczenia społecznego w Stanach Zjednoczonych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Numer ubezpieczenia społecznego w Stanach Zjednoczonych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_Seguro_Social" title="Número de Seguro Social – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Número de Seguro Social" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Номер социального страхования – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Номер социального страхования" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSN" title="SSN – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="SSN" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" 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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox"><caption class="infobox-title">Social Security Number</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:PD_social_security_card.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="{{{image_alt}}}" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PD_social_security_card.png/200px-PD_social_security_card.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PD_social_security_card.png/300px-PD_social_security_card.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/PD_social_security_card.png/400px-PD_social_security_card.png 2x" data-file-width="749" data-file-height="830" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">A Social Security card issued by the <a href="/wiki/Railroad_Retirement_Board" title="Railroad Retirement Board">Railroad Retirement Board</a> in 1943</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Acronym</th><td class="infobox-data">SSN</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Organization</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;">Introduced</th><td class="infobox-data">November&#160;1936<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;88&#160;years ago</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1936-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width:6.5em;"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr>&#160;of&#160;digits</th><td class="infobox-data">9</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a <b>Social Security number</b> (<b>SSN</b>) is a nine-digit number issued to <a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">U.S. citizens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Permanent_residence_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Permanent residence (United States)">permanent residents</a>, and temporary (working) residents under section 205(c)(2) of the <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act" title="Social Security Act">Social Security Act</a>, codified as <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/405#c_2">§&#160;405(c)(2)</a></span>. The number is issued to an individual by the <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Independent_agencies_of_the_United_States_government" title="Independent agencies of the United States government">independent agency of the United States government</a>. Although the original purpose for the number was for the Social Security Administration to track individuals,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> the Social Security number has become a <i>de facto</i> <a href="/wiki/National_identification_number" title="National identification number">national identification number</a> for <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">taxation</a> and other purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericanChronicle_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanChronicle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Social Security number may be obtained by applying on Form SS-5, Application for a Social Security Number Card.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Social Security numbers were first issued by the Social Security Administration in November 1936 as part of the <a href="/wiki/New_Deal" title="New Deal">New Deal</a> Social Security program. Within three months, 25 million numbers were issued.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On November 24, 1936, 1,074 of the nation's 45,000 post offices were designated "typing centers" to type up Social Security cards that were then sent to Washington, D.C. On December 1, 1936, as part of the publicity campaign for the new program, Joseph L. Fay of the Social Security Administration selected a record from the top of the first stack of 1,000 records and announced that the first Social Security number in history was assigned to John David Sweeney, Jr. of <a href="/wiki/New_Rochelle,_New_York" title="New Rochelle, New York">New Rochelle, New York</a>. However, since the Social Security numbers were not assigned in chronological order, Sweeney did not receive the lowest Social Security number, 001-01-0001. That distinction belongs to Grace D. Owen of <a href="/wiki/Concord,_New_Hampshire" title="Concord, New Hampshire">Concord, New Hampshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Before 1986, people often did not obtain a Social Security number until the age of about 14,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> since the numbers were used for income tracking purposes, and those under that age seldom had substantial income.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tax_Reform_Act_of_1986" title="Tax Reform Act of 1986">Tax Reform Act of 1986</a> required parents to list Social Security numbers for each dependent over the age of 5 for whom the parent wanted to claim a <a href="/wiki/Tax_deduction" title="Tax deduction">tax deduction</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Before this act, parents claiming tax deductions were simply trusted not to lie about the number of children they supported. During the first year of the Tax Reform Act, this <a href="/wiki/Anti-fraud" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-fraud">anti-fraud</a> change resulted in seven million fewer minor dependents being claimed. The disappearance of these dependents is believed to have involved either children who never existed or tax deductions improperly claimed by non-custodial parents.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1988, the threshold was lowered to two years old, and in 1990, the threshold was lowered yet again to one year old.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Today, an SSN is required regardless of the child's age to receive an exemption.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since then, parents have often applied for Social Security numbers for their children soon after birth; today, it can be done on the application for a <a href="/wiki/Birth_certificate" title="Birth certificate">birth certificate</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SSNChildren_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSNChildren-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose_and_use">Purpose and use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Purpose and use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The original purpose of this number was to track individuals' accounts within the Social Security program. It has since come to be used as an identifier for individuals within the United States, although rare errors occur where duplicates do exist. A few duplications did occur when prenumbered cards were sent out to regional SSA offices and (originally) post offices.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> </p><p>Employee, patient, student, and <a href="/wiki/Credit_history" title="Credit history">credit</a> records are sometimes indexed by Social Security number. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Military_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Military of the United States">U.S. Armed Forces</a> have used the Social Security number as an identification number for Army and Air Force personnel since July 1, 1969, the Navy and Marine Corps for their personnel since January 1, 1972, and the Coast Guard for their personnel since October 1, 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Previously, the United States military used a much more complicated system of <a href="/wiki/Service_number_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Service number (United States)">service numbers</a> that varied by service. </p><p>Beginning in June 2011, the DOD began removing the Social Security number from military identification cards, replacing them with a unique DOD identification number, formally known as the <a href="/wiki/EDIPI" class="mw-redirect" title="EDIPI">EDIPI</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Non-universal_status">Non-universal status</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Non-universal status"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_security_card.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Social_security_card.gif/200px-Social_security_card.gif" decoding="async" width="200" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Social_security_card.gif/300px-Social_security_card.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/Social_security_card.gif/400px-Social_security_card.gif 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="293" /></a><figcaption>An old Social Security card with the "not for identification" message</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_(United_States)" title="Social Security (United States)">Social Security</a> was originally a universal tax, but when <a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a> was passed in 1965, objecting religious groups in existence prior to 1951 were allowed to opt out of the system.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because of this, not every American is part of the Social Security program, and not everyone has a number. However, a Social Security number is required for parents to claim their children as dependents for federal income tax purposes,<sup id="cite_ref-SSNChildren_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SSNChildren-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and the Internal Revenue Service requires all corporations to obtain SSNs (or alternative identifying numbers) from their employees, as described below. The <a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Old Order Amish</a> have fought to prevent universal Social Security by overturning rules such as a requirement to provide a Social Security number for a hunting license.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Social Security cards printed from January 1946 until January 1972 expressly stated that people should not use the number and card for identification.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since nearly everyone in the United States now has an SSN, it became convenient to use it anyway and the message was removed.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since then, Social Security numbers have become <i><a href="/wiki/De_facto" title="De facto">de facto</a></i> <a href="/wiki/National_identification_number" title="National identification number">national identification numbers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AmericanChronicle_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AmericanChronicle-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Although some people do not have an SSN assigned to them, it is becoming increasingly difficult to engage in legitimate financial activities such as applying for a loan or a bank account without one.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While the government cannot require an individual to disclose their SSN without a legal basis, companies may refuse to provide service to an individual who does not provide an SSN.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The card on which an SSN is issued is still not suitable for primary identification as it has no photograph, no physical description, and no birth date. All it does is confirm that a particular number has been issued to a particular name. Instead, a <a href="/wiki/Driver%27s_license" title="Driver&#39;s license">driver's license</a> or state ID card is used as an identification for adults. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Use_required_for_federal_tax_purposes">Use required for federal tax purposes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Use required for federal tax purposes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_Security_card_(09-61).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Social_Security_card_%2809-61%29.jpg/220px-Social_Security_card_%2809-61%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Social_Security_card_%2809-61%29.jpg/330px-Social_Security_card_%2809-61%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Social_Security_card_%2809-61%29.jpg/440px-Social_Security_card_%2809-61%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3934" data-file-height="2245" /></a><figcaption>Social Security card with legend "for Social Security and tax purposes" (1961)</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Code" title="Internal Revenue Code">Internal Revenue Code</a> section 6109(d) provides: "The social security account number issued to an individual for purposes of section 205(c)(2)(A) of the Social Security Act [codified as <span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a href="/wiki/Title_42_of_the_United_States_Code" title="Title 42 of the United States Code">42 U.S.C.</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/405#c_2_A">§&#160;405(c)(2)(A)</a></span>] shall, except as shall otherwise be specified under regulations of the Secretary [of the Treasury or his delegate], be used as the identifying number for such individual for purposes of this title [the Internal Revenue Code, title 26 of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a>]."<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Internal Revenue Code also provides, when required by regulations prescribed by the secretary of the treasury or their delegate: </p> <ul><li>Inclusion in returns: Any person required under the authority of this title to make a return, statement, or other document shall include in such return, statement, or other document such identifying number as may be prescribed for securing proper identification of such person.</li> <li>Furnishing number to other persons: Any person with respect to whom a return, statement, or other document is required under the authority of this title to be made by another person or whose identifying number is required to be shown on a return of another person shall furnish to such other person such identifying number as may be prescribed for securing their proper identification.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>According to U.S. Treasury regulations, any person who, after October 31, 1962, works as an employee for wages subject to Social Security taxes, Medicare taxes, or U.S. federal income tax withholdings is required to apply for "an account number" using Form SS-5.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>A taxpayer who is not eligible to have a Social Security Number (SSN) must obtain an alternative <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Taxpayer Identification Number">Taxpayer Identification Number</a> (TIN). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_Social_Security_cards">Types of Social Security cards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Types of Social Security cards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Four different classifications of Social Security cards are issued. Such cards are issued by geographic location (SSN Area Number) to: </p> <ol><li>persons of natural birth within the territorial boundaries of any one of the member States of the United States of America;</li> <li>persons who become U.S. citizens by oath, or birth within the exclusive legislative or territorial jurisdiction of the U.S. government;</li> <li>persons who become U.S. permanent residents;</li> <li>persons with certain restrictions.</li></ol> <p>There are two restricted types of Social Security cards: </p> <ul><li>One reads "not valid for employment." Such cards cannot be used as proof of work authorization, and are not acceptable as a List C document on the <a href="/wiki/Form_I-9" title="Form I-9">I-9 form</a>.</li> <li>The other reads "valid for work only with <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">DHS</a> authorization", or the older, "valid for work only with <a href="/wiki/Immigration_and_Naturalization_Service" title="Immigration and Naturalization Service">INS</a> authorization." These cards are issued to people who have temporary work authorization in the U.S. from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Homeland_Security" title="United States Department of Homeland Security">Department of Homeland Security</a><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> -- the nation's border agency. They can satisfy the I-9 requirement, if they are accompanied by a work authorization card.</li></ul> <p>The cards commonly display the cardholder's name and number. </p><p>In 2004 Congress passed The Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act; parts of which mandated that the Social Security Administration redesign the SSN card to prevent forgery. From April 2006 through August 2007, the SSA and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Government Printing Office</a> (GPO) employees were assigned to redesign the Social Security number card to the specifications of the Interagency Task Force created by the commissioner of Social Security in consultation with the secretary of Homeland Security. </p><p>The new SSN card design utilizes both covert and overt security features created by the SSA and GPO design teams. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Identity_theft">Identity theft</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Identity theft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many citizens and <a href="/wiki/Privacy" title="Privacy">privacy</a> advocates are concerned about the disclosure and processing of Social Security numbers. Furthermore, researchers at <a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Mellon_University" title="Carnegie Mellon University">Carnegie Mellon University</a> have demonstrated an algorithm that uses publicly available personal information to reconstruct a given SSN.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SSN is frequently used by those involved in <a href="/wiki/Identity_theft" title="Identity theft">identity theft</a>. This is because it is interconnected with many other forms of identification and people asking for it treat it as an <a href="/wiki/Authentication" title="Authentication">authenticator</a>. Financial institutions generally require an SSN to set up <a href="/wiki/Bank_account" title="Bank account">bank accounts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Credit_card" title="Credit card">credit cards</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Loan" title="Loan">loans</a>—partly because they assume that no one except the person it was issued to knows it. </p><p>Exacerbating the problem of using the Social Security number as an identifier is the fact that the Social Security card contains no <a href="/wiki/Biometrics" title="Biometrics">biometric</a> identifiers of any sort, making it essentially impossible to tell whether a person using a certain SSN truly belongs to someone without relying on other documentation (which may itself have been falsely procured through use of the fraudulent SSN). Congress has proposed federal laws that restrict the use of SSNs for identification and bans their use for a number of commercial purposes—e.g., rental applications.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> (IRS) offers alternatives to SSNs in some places where providing untrusted parties with identification numbers is essential. Tax return preparers must obtain and use a <a href="/wiki/Preparer_Tax_Identification_Number" title="Preparer Tax Identification Number">Preparer Tax Identification Number</a> (PTIN) to include on their client's tax returns (as part of signature requirements).<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Day care services have tax benefits, and even a sole proprietor should give parents an <a href="/wiki/Employer_Identification_Number" title="Employer Identification Number">Employer Identification Number</a> (EIN) to use on their tax return. </p><p>The Social Security Administration has suggested that, if asked to provide their Social Security number, a citizen should ask which law requires its use.<sup id="cite_ref-howcaniprotect_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howcaniprotect-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In accordance with §7213 of the <a href="/wiki/9/11_Commission_Implementation_Act_of_2004" class="mw-redirect" title="9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004">9/11 Commission Implementation Act of 2004</a> and <span><a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 20 of the Code of Federal Regulations">20&#160;CFR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-20/section-422.103">422.103</a></span>, the number of replacement Social Security cards per person is generally limited to three per calendar year and ten in a lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-howcaniprotect_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-howcaniprotect-30"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Identity confusion has also occurred because of the use of local Social Security numbers by the Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Republic of Palau, whose numbers overlap with those of residents of New Hampshire and Maine.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Similarly, Social Security numbers are often valued information for hackers to gain in attacks such as <a href="/wiki/Social_engineering_(security)" title="Social engineering (security)">social engineering</a> attacks, where attackers try and manipulate people into disclosing private information. For example, in the <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard_spying_scandal" title="Hewlett-Packard spying scandal">social engineering attack involving Hewlett-Packard</a>, executives hired private investigators to manipulate phone companies into disclosing calling information and social security numbers of employees they suspected were leaking information to the press. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Replacement_numbers">Replacement numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: Replacement numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A person can request a new Social Security number, but only under certain conditions:<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Where sequential numbers assigned to members of the same family are causing problems.</li> <li>In the event of duplicates having been issued.</li> <li>In cases where the person has been a victim of domestic violence or harassment, and there is a clear need to change their number for their personal safety.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>When a person has been a victim of identity theft, and their Social Security number continues to be problematic.</li> <li>Where a person has a demonstrable religious objection to a number (such as certain Christians being averse to the number <a href="/wiki/Number_of_the_beast" title="Number of the beast">666</a>).</li></ul> <p>For all of these conditions, credible third-party evidence such as a restraining order or police report is required. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Structure">Structure</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Edit section: Structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Social Security number is a nine-digit number in the format "AAA-GG-SSSS".<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The number has three parts: the first three digits, called the <i>area number</i> because they were formerly assigned by geographical region; the middle two digits, the <i>group number</i>; and the last four digits, the <i>serial number</i>. </p><p>On June 25, 2011, the Social Security Administration changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization",<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which did the following: </p> <ul><li>It eliminated the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN (the area number), by ceasing to allocate specific numbers by state for assignment to individuals.</li> <li>It eliminated the significance of the highest group number assigned for each area number; the High Group List therefore is frozen in time and can be used for validation of only those SSNs issued before randomization.</li> <li>Previously unassigned area numbers have been introduced for assignment, excluding area numbers 000, 666, and 900–999.</li></ul> <p>Because <a href="/wiki/Individual_Taxpayer_Identification_Number" title="Individual Taxpayer Identification Number">Individual Taxpayer Identification Numbers</a> (ITINs) are issued by the IRS, they are not affected by this SSA change. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Previous_structure">Previous structure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Edit section: Previous structure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before randomization, the first three digits, the <a href="#List_of_Social_Security_area_numbers">area numbers</a>, were assigned by geographical region. Before 1973, cards were issued in local Social Security offices around the country, and the area number represented the office that issued the card. This did not have to be in the area where the applicant lived, because one could apply for a card in any Social Security office. Beginning in 1973, when the SSA began assigning SSNs and issuing cards centrally from <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>, the area number was assigned according to the <a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a> of the mailing address on the application for the original Social Security card. The applicant's mailing address did not have to be the same as their place of residence, so the area number did not necessarily represent the applicant's state of residence, regardless of whether the card was issued before or after 1973. </p><p>Generally, numbers were assigned beginning in the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_United_States" title="Northeastern United States">northeast</a> and moving south and west, so that people applying from addresses on the east coast had the lowest numbers and those on the west coast had the highest numbers. As the areas assigned to a locality were exhausted, new areas from the pool were assigned, so some states had noncontiguous groups of numbers. </p><p>The middle two digits, <i>group number</i>, range from 01 to 99. Even before SSN randomization, the group numbers were not assigned consecutively in an area. Instead, for administrative reasons, group numbers were issued in the following order:<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>odd numbers from 01 through 09</li> <li>even numbers from 10 through 98</li> <li>even numbers from 02 through 08</li> <li>odd numbers from 11 through 99</li></ol> <p>Group number 98, for example, would be issued before 11. </p><p>The last four digits, <i>serial numbers</i>, were assigned in a straight numerical sequence of digits from 0001 to 9999 within the group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Valid_SSNs">Valid SSNs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Edit section: Valid SSNs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Before June 25, 2011, a valid SSN could not have an area number in the range 734–749, or above 772, the highest area number the Social Security Administration had allocated. Since June 25, 2011, the SSA has assigned SSNs randomly and allowed the assignment of area numbers 734–749 and 773–899.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> These are not Taxpayer Identification Numbers (TINs), which include additional area numbers.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some special numbers are never allocated: </p> <ul><li>Numbers with all zeros in any digit group (<i>000</i>-##-####, ###-<i>00</i>-####, ###-##-<i>0000</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-FAQInvalid_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQInvalid-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Numbers with 666 or 900–999 (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) in the first digit group.<sup id="cite_ref-FAQInvalid_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FAQInvalid-39"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Until 2011, the SSA published the last group number used for each area number.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Because group numbers were allocated in a regular pattern, it was possible to identify an unissued SSN that contained an invalid group number. Now numbers are assigned randomly, and fraudulent SSNs are not easily detectable with publicly available information. Many online services, however, provide SSN validation. </p><p>Unlike many similar numbers, Social Security numbers have no <a href="/wiki/Check_digit" title="Check digit">check digit</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhaustion_and_re-use">Exhaustion and re-use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Edit section: Exhaustion and re-use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Social Security Administration does not reuse Social Security numbers. It has issued over 450 million since the start of the program, about 5.5 million per year. It says it has enough to last several generations without reuse and without changing the number of digits.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> There have been accidental assignments of the same number to more than one person.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="SSNs_used_in_advertising">SSNs used in advertising</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Edit section: SSNs used in advertising"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walletssn2.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Walletssn2.gif/220px-Walletssn2.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2a/Walletssn2.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="137" /></a><figcaption>The promotional <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Security card">Social Security card</a> as distributed by the <a href="/wiki/F.W._Woolworth_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="F.W. Woolworth Company">F.W. Woolworth Company</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Some SSNs used in advertising have rendered those numbers invalid. One famous instance of this occurred in 1938 when the <a href="/w/index.php?title=E._H._Ferree_Company&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="E. H. Ferree Company (page does not exist)">E. H. Ferree Company</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lockport_(city),_New_York" class="mw-redirect" title="Lockport (city), New York">Lockport, New York</a>, decided to promote its product by showing how a Social Security card would fit into its wallets. A sample card, used for display purposes, was placed in each wallet, which was sold by <a href="/wiki/F.W._Woolworth_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="F.W. Woolworth Company">Woolworth</a> and other department stores across the country; the wallet manufacturer's vice president and treasurer Douglas Patterson used the actual SSN of his secretary, Hilda Schrader Whitcher. </p><p>Even though the card was printed in red (the real card is printed in blue) and had "specimen" printed across the front, many people used Whitcher's SSN as their own. The Social Security Administration's account of the incident also claims that the fake card was half the size of a real card, despite a miniature card being useless for its purpose and despite Whitcher's holding two cards of apparently identical size in the accompanying photograph. Over time, the number that appeared (078-05-1120) has been claimed by a total of over 40,000 people as their own.<sup id="cite_ref-Misused_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misused-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The SSA initiated an advertising campaign stating that it was incorrect to use the number (Hilda Whitcher was issued a new SSN). However, the number was found to be in use by 12 individuals as late as 1977.<sup id="cite_ref-Misused_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Misused-44"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>More recently, <a href="/wiki/Todd_Davis_(businessman)" title="Todd Davis (businessman)">Todd Davis</a> distributed his SSN in advertisements for his company's <a href="/wiki/LifeLock" title="LifeLock">LifeLock</a> identity theft protection service, which allowed his identity to be stolen over a dozen times.<sup id="cite_ref-13times_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13times-45"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="List_of_Social_Security_area_numbers">List of Social Security area numbers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Edit section: List of Social Security area numbers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>List showing the geographical location of the first three digits of the Social Security numbers assigned in the United States and its territories from 1936 until June 25, 2011. Repeated numbers indicate that they have been transferred to another location or are shared by more than one location. </p><p>On June 25, 2011, the SSA changed the SSN assignment process to "SSN randomization".<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> SSN randomization affects the SSN assignment process. <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Structure">Among its changes</a>, it eliminates the geographical significance of the first three digits of the SSN, previously referred to as the Area Number, by no longer allocating the Area Numbers for assignment to individuals in specific states. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>SSN area number</th> <th>Location<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <td>001–003</td> <td>New Hampshire </td></tr> <tr> <td>004–007</td> <td>Maine </td></tr> <tr> <td>008–009</td> <td>Vermont </td></tr> <tr> <td>010–034</td> <td>Massachusetts </td></tr> <tr> <td>035–039</td> <td>Rhode Island </td></tr> <tr> <td>040–049</td> <td>Connecticut </td></tr> <tr> <td>050–134</td> <td>New York </td></tr> <tr> <td>135–158</td> <td>New Jersey </td></tr> <tr> <td>159–211</td> <td>Pennsylvania </td></tr> <tr> <td>212–220</td> <td>Maryland </td></tr> <tr> <td>221–222</td> <td>Delaware </td></tr> <tr> <td>223–231</td> <td>Virginia </td></tr> <tr> <td>232<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>Note 1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td> <td>North Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>232–236</td> <td>West Virginia </td></tr> <tr> <td>237–246</td> <td>North Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>247–251</td> <td>South Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>252–260</td> <td>Georgia </td></tr> <tr> <td>261–267</td> <td>Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td>268–302</td> <td>Ohio </td></tr> <tr> <td>303–317</td> <td>Indiana </td></tr> <tr> <td>318–361</td> <td>Illinois </td></tr> <tr> <td>362–386</td> <td>Michigan </td></tr> <tr> <td>387–399</td> <td>Wisconsin </td></tr> <tr> <td>400–407</td> <td>Kentucky </td></tr> <tr> <td>408–415</td> <td>Tennessee </td></tr> <tr> <td>416–424</td> <td>Alabama </td></tr> <tr> <td>425–428</td> <td>Mississippi </td></tr> <tr> <td>429–432</td> <td>Arkansas </td></tr> <tr> <td>433–439</td> <td>Louisiana </td></tr> <tr> <td>440–448</td> <td>Oklahoma </td></tr> <tr> <td>449–467</td> <td>Texas </td></tr> <tr> <td>468–477</td> <td>Minnesota </td></tr> <tr> <td>478–485</td> <td>Iowa </td></tr> <tr> <td>486–500</td> <td>Missouri </td></tr> <tr> <td>501–502</td> <td>North Dakota </td></tr> <tr> <td>503–504</td> <td>South Dakota </td></tr> <tr> <td>505–508</td> <td>Nebraska </td></tr> <tr> <td>509–515</td> <td>Kansas </td></tr> <tr> <td>516–517</td> <td>Montana </td></tr> <tr> <td>518–519</td> <td>Idaho </td></tr> <tr> <td>520</td> <td>Wyoming </td></tr> <tr> <td>521–524</td> <td>Colorado </td></tr> <tr> <td>525</td> <td>New Mexico </td></tr> <tr> <td>526–527</td> <td>Arizona </td></tr> <tr> <td>528–529</td> <td>Utah </td></tr> <tr> <td>530</td> <td>Nevada </td></tr> <tr> <td>531–539</td> <td>Washington </td></tr> <tr> <td>540–544</td> <td>Oregon </td></tr> <tr> <td>545–573</td> <td>California </td></tr> <tr> <td>574</td> <td>Alaska </td></tr> <tr> <td>575–576</td> <td>Hawaii </td></tr> <tr> <td>577–579</td> <td>District of Columbia </td></tr> <tr> <td>580</td> <td>U.S. Virgin Islands </td></tr> <tr> <td>580–584</td> <td>Puerto Rico </td></tr> <tr> <td>585</td> <td>New Mexico </td></tr> <tr> <td>586</td> <td>Pacific Ocean territories <ul><li>Guam</li> <li>American Samoa</li> <li>Philippine Islands (under U.S. rule until 1946)</li> <li>Northern Mariana Islands</li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <td>587–588</td> <td>Mississippi </td></tr> <tr> <td>589–595</td> <td>Florida </td></tr> <tr> <td>596–599</td> <td>Puerto Rico </td></tr> <tr> <td>600–601</td> <td>Arizona </td></tr> <tr> <td>602–626</td> <td>California </td></tr> <tr> <td>627–645</td> <td>Texas </td></tr> <tr> <td>646–647</td> <td>Utah </td></tr> <tr> <td>648–649</td> <td>New Mexico </td></tr> <tr> <td>650–653</td> <td>Colorado </td></tr> <tr> <td>654–658</td> <td>South Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>659–665</td> <td>Louisiana </td></tr> <tr> <td>666</td> <td><i>Not issued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>667–675</td> <td>Georgia </td></tr> <tr> <td>676–679</td> <td>Arkansas </td></tr> <tr> <td>680</td> <td>Nevada </td></tr> <tr> <td>681–690</td> <td>North Carolina </td></tr> <tr> <td>691–699</td> <td>Virginia </td></tr> <tr> <td>700–728</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Railroad_Retirement_Board" title="Railroad Retirement Board">Railroad Retirement Board</a> (discontinued July 1, 1963) </td></tr> <tr> <td>729–733</td> <td>"Enumeration at Entry" program </td></tr> <tr> <td>734–749</td> <td><i>Not issued</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>750–751</td> <td>Hawaii </td></tr> <tr> <td>752–755</td> <td>Mississippi </td></tr> <tr> <td>756–763</td> <td>Tennessee </td></tr> <tr> <td>764–765</td> <td>Arizona </td></tr> <tr> <td>766–772</td> <td>Florida </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_Master_File" title="Death Master File">Death Master File</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_identification_number" title="National identification number">National identification number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_insurance_number" title="Social insurance number">Social insurance number</a> (SIN) – Canadian equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Number_Card" title="My Number Card">My Number Card</a> – Japanese equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Insurance_number" title="National Insurance number">National Insurance number</a> (NINO) – UK equivalent</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personally_identifiable_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Personally identifiable information">Personally identifiable information</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Group number 30 only.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPickett2009" class="citation magazine cs1">Pickett, Carolyn (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n2/v69n2p55.html">"The Story of the Social Security Number"</a>. <i>Social Security Bulletin</i>. Vol.&#160;69, no.&#160;2. United States Social Security Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Security+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+Social+Security+Number&amp;rft.volume=69&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.aulast=Pickett&amp;rft.aufirst=Carolyn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Fpolicy%2Fdocs%2Fssb%2Fv69n2%2Fv69n2p55.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AmericanChronicle-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AmericanChronicle_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AmericanChronicle_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKouri2005" class="citation news cs1">Kouri, Jim (March 9, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120629234649/http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/view/3911">"Social Security Cards: De Facto National Identification"</a>. <i>American Chronicle</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=American+Chronicle&amp;rft.atitle=Social+Security+Cards%3A+De+Facto+National+Identification&amp;rft.date=2005-03-09&amp;rft.aulast=Kouri&amp;rft.aufirst=Jim&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanchronicle.com%2Farticles%2FviewArticle.asp%3FarticleID%3D3911&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span><a href="/wiki/Title_20_of_the_Code_of_Federal_Regulations" title="Title 20 of the Code of Federal Regulations">20&#160;CFR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-20/section-422.103">422.103</a></span>(b)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/history/1930.html">"Social Security: Chronology"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=A+tale+of+two+women%3A+same+birthday%2C+same+Social+Security+number%2C+same+big-data+mess&amp;rft.pub=PC+World&amp;rft.date=2015-11-12&amp;rft.aulast=Noyes&amp;rft.aufirst=Katherine&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pcworld.com%2Farticle%2F3004654%2Fgovernment%2Fa-tale-of-two-women-same-birthday-same-social-security-number-same-big-data-mess.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Misused-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Misused_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Misused_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssn/misused.html">"Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth"</a>. Social Security Administration<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Social+Security+Cards+Issued+by+Woolworth&amp;rft.pub=Social+Security+Administration&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Fhistory%2Fssn%2Fmisused.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13times-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13times_45-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZetter2010" class="citation magazine cs1">Zetter, Kim (May 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/05/lifelock-identity-theft/">"LifeLock CEO's Identity Stolen 13 Times"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Wired&amp;rft.atitle=LifeLock+CEO%27s+Identity+Stolen+13+Times&amp;rft.date=2010-05-18&amp;rft.aulast=Zetter&amp;rft.aufirst=Kim&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2010%2F05%2Flifelock-identity-theft%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVijayan2010" class="citation web cs1">Vijayan, Jaikumar (May 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/2517761/data-privacy/lifelock-ceo-said-to-be-victim-of-identity-theft-13-times.html">"LifeLock CEO said to be victim of identity theft 13 times"</a>. <i>ComputerWorld</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=ComputerWorld&amp;rft.atitle=LifeLock+CEO+said+to+be+victim+of+identity+theft+13+times&amp;rft.date=2010-05-19&amp;rft.aulast=Vijayan&amp;rft.aufirst=Jaikumar&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F2517761%2Fdata-privacy%2Flifelock-ceo-said-to-be-victim-of-identity-theft-13-times.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/employer/randomization.html">"Social Security Number Randomization"</a>. SocialSecurity.gov<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Social+Security+Number+Randomization&amp;rft.pub=SocialSecurity.gov&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Femployer%2Frandomization.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050830025754/http://www.ssa.gov/foia/stateWeb.html">"Social Security Number Allocations"</a>. <i>Social Security Online</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/employer/stateweb.htm">the original</a> on 2005-08-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Security+Online&amp;rft.atitle=Social+Security+Number+Allocations&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Femployer%2Fstateweb.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarronBamberger1982" class="citation magazine cs1">Barron, Erma; Bamberger, Felix (November 1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v45n11/v45n11p29.pdf">"Meaning of the Social Security Number"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Social Security Bulletin</i>. Vol.&#160;45, no.&#160;11. <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a>. p.&#160;29<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 25,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Security+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Meaning+of+the+Social+Security+Number&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.pages=29&amp;rft.date=1982-11&amp;rft.aulast=Barron&amp;rft.aufirst=Erma&amp;rft.au=Bamberger%2C+Felix&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Fpolicy%2Fdocs%2Fssb%2Fv45n11%2Fv45n11p29.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Social_Security_number&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/">Social Security Administration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/history/ssn/misused.html">Social Security Cards Issued by Woolworth</a>: "The most misused SSN of all time was (078-05-1120)."</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPuckett2009" class="citation journal cs1">Puckett, Carolyn (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v69n2/v69n2p55.html">"The Story of the Social Security Number"</a>. <i>Social Security Bulletin</i>. <b>69</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">55–</span>74. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19697506">19697506</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 19,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Social+Security+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=The+Story+of+the+Social+Security+Number&amp;rft.volume=69&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E55-%3C%2Fspan%3E74&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19697506&amp;rft.aulast=Puckett&amp;rft.aufirst=Carolyn&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ssa.gov%2Fpolicy%2Fdocs%2Fssb%2Fv69n2%2Fv69n2p55.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASocial+Security+number" class="Z3988"></span> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1425130">PDF version</a>)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Social_Security_Administration" title="Social Security Administration">Social Security Administration</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Social Security number</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Assistance programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_Determination_Services" title="Disability Determination Services">Disability Determination Services</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retirement_Insurance_Benefits" title="Retirement Insurance Benefits">Retirement Insurance Benefits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Disability_Insurance" title="Social Security Disability Insurance">Social Security Disability Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supplemental_Security_Income" title="Supplemental Security Income">Supplemental Security Income</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temporary_Assistance_for_Needy_Families" title="Temporary Assistance for Needy Families">Temporary Assistance for Needy Families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_to_Work" title="Ticket to Work">Ticket to Work</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unemployment_benefits" title="Unemployment benefits">Unemployment benefits</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Health care</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medicaid" title="Medicaid">Medicaid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicare_(United_States)" title="Medicare (United States)">Medicare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Children%27s_Health_Insurance_Program" class="mw-redirect" title="State Children&#39;s Health Insurance Program">SCHIP</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disability_fraud" title="Disability fraud">Disability fraud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Insurance_Contributions_Act_tax" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax">FICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revenue_Act_of_1942" title="Revenue Act of 1942">Revenue Act of 1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Act" title="Social Security Act">Social Security Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Amendments_of_1965" title="Social Security Amendments of 1965">Social Security Amendments of 1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Death_Index" title="Social Security Death Index">Social Security Death Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Trust_Fund" title="Social Security Trust Fund">Social Security Trust Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windfall_Elimination_Provision" title="Windfall Elimination Provision">Windfall Elimination Provision</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legacy_debt" title="Legacy debt">Legacy debt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numident" title="Numident">Numident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Chief_Actuary" title="Office of the Chief Actuary">Office of the Chief Actuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_Insurance_Amount" title="Primary Insurance Amount">Primary Insurance Amount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_debate_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Social Security debate (United States)">Social Security debate (United States)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_Security_Wage_Base" title="Social Security Wage Base">Social Security Wage Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Years_of_coverage" title="Years of coverage">Years of 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Sus, Pune
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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sus,_Pune&amp;params=18.5907721_N_73.8167953_E_type:city(10000)_region:IN-MH"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°35′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°49′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.5907721°N 73.8167953°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">18.5907721; 73.8167953</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village in Maharashtra</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Sus,_Pune" title="Special:EditPage/Sus, Pune">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Sus%2C+Pune%22">"Sus, Pune"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Sus%2C+Pune%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Sus%2C+Pune%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Sus%2C+Pune%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Sus%2C+Pune%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Sus%2C+Pune%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">February 2020</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Neighbourhood in Pune district, Maharashtra, India</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Sus</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category">Neighbourhood</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susroadrain.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Pashan-Sus road in Sus"><img alt="The Pashan-Sus road in Sus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Susroadrain.JPG/250px-Susroadrain.JPG" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Susroadrain.JPG/375px-Susroadrain.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Susroadrain.JPG/500px-Susroadrain.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">The Pashan-Sus road in Sus</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="switcher-container"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sus is located in India"><img alt="Sus is located in India" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/250px-India_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/375px-India_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/India_location_map.svg/500px-India_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1615" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:58.182%;left:21.302%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sus"><img alt="Sus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Sus</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Maharastra</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of India</span></div></div></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238443738"><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:India_Maharashtra_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sus is located in Maharashtra"><img alt="Sus is located in Maharashtra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_Maharashtra_location_map.svg/250px-India_Maharashtra_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_Maharashtra_location_map.svg/375px-India_Maharashtra_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/India_Maharashtra_location_map.svg/500px-India_Maharashtra_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1233" data-file-height="901" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:53.694%;left:16.328%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Sus"><img alt="Sus" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Sus</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Sus (Maharashtra)</div><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none">Show map of Maharashtra</span></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Sus,_Pune&amp;params=18.5907721_N_73.8167953_E_type:city(10000)_region:IN-MH"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">18°35′27″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°49′00″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">18.5907721°N 73.8167953°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">18.5907721; 73.8167953</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/23px-Flag_of_India.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/35px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_India.svg/45px-Flag_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/States_and_territories_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="States and territories of India">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_districts_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="List of districts of India">District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Pune_district" title="Pune district">Pune district</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(2018)</div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">10,000</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Languages<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Official</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marathi_language" title="Marathi language">Marathi</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B5:30" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC+5:30">UTC+5:30</a> (<a href="/wiki/Indian_Standard_Time" title="Indian Standard Time">IST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_Index_Number" title="Postal Index Number">PIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">411021</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_registration_plate" title="Vehicle registration plate">Vehicle registration</a></th><td class="infobox-data">MH12</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Sus</b> is a neighbourhood in the <a href="/wiki/Pune_Metropolitan_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Pune Metropolitan Area">Pune Metropolitan Area</a>. It is located in the north-west area of the city. Earlier a small village, Sus is being increasingly urbanized. The neighbourhood falls under the jurisdiction of the <a href="/wiki/Pune_Municipal_Corporation" title="Pune Municipal Corporation">Pune Municipal Corporation</a>. </p><p>Sus is well connected to important roads. The Deu Road–Katraj bypass is just off Sus, enabling easy connectivity to <a href="/wiki/Pimpri-Chinchwad" title="Pimpri-Chinchwad">Pimpri-Chinchwad</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Mumbai%E2%80%93Pune_Expressway" title="Mumbai–Pune Expressway">Mumbai–Pune Expressway</a>. The Rajiv Gandhi InfoTech Park in <a href="/wiki/Hinjawadi" title="Hinjawadi">Hinjawadi</a> is about 13&#160;km (8.1&#160;mi) from Sus,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> making it a residential preference to people working in the <a href="/wiki/Information_Technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Information Technology">Information Technology</a> industry. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sus,_Pune&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Sus is a newly developed location after the expansion of Pune city limits in the late 1990s. Real estate in the area has increased tenfold in the past decade in order to meet the growing demand of residents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography_and_Climate">Geography and Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sus,_Pune&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Geography and Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baner_Biodiversity_Park.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Baner_Biodiversity_Park.JPG/220px-Baner_Biodiversity_Park.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Baner_Biodiversity_Park.JPG/330px-Baner_Biodiversity_Park.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Baner_Biodiversity_Park.JPG/440px-Baner_Biodiversity_Park.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Baner_Hill" title="Baner Hill">Baner Hill</a> from Sus</figcaption></figure> <p>Sus lies in a valley and is surrounded by hills both sides. The average elevation of the neighbourhood is 550&#160;m (1,800&#160;ft). Surrounding hills include the <a href="/wiki/Baner_Hill" title="Baner Hill">Baner Hill</a>, Pashan Hill, Sutarwadi Hill and the Lavale Hills. </p><p>Sus shares the climate of Pune City, with warm summers, moderate rainfall and moderate winters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education_and_Research">Education and Research</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sus,_Pune&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Education and Research"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the growth in population, many private schools have been set up in Sus and surroundings. Some notable schools include: </p> <ul><li>Vidya Valley School - <a href="/wiki/Indian_Certificate_of_Secondary_Education" title="Indian Certificate of Secondary Education">ICSE</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Tree House High School - ICSE<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Apple Blossom Nursery School</li> <li>Lokseva e-school</li></ul> <p>A number of colleges have been established in Sus. </p> <ul><li>Abhinav College of Arts (ACR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Institute of Science Education and Research">Indian Institute of Science Education and Research</a> (IISER)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_School_of_Business_and_Media" title="International School of Business and Media">International School of Business and Media</a> (ISBM)</li> <li>Maharashtra Institute of Technology - School of Distant Learning (MIT-SDL)<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li>Institute of Hospitality Management, Research &amp; Development (IHMRD)</li> <li>Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT)</li> <li>Foundation of Liberal and Management Education (FLAME)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sus,_Pune&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sus_road.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="New Sus Road"><img alt="New Sus Road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sus_road.jpg/120px-Sus_road.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sus_road.jpg/180px-Sus_road.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Sus_road.jpg/240px-Sus_road.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">New Sus Road </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Susroad.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Also New Sus Road"><img alt="Also New Sus Road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Susroad.jpg/120px-Susroad.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Susroad.jpg/180px-Susroad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/67/Susroad.jpg/240px-Susroad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Also New Sus Road</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bypass_near_sus.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bypass near Sus Road"><img alt="Bypass near Sus Road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9d/Bypass_near_sus.jpg/90px-Bypass_near_sus.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9d/Bypass_near_sus.jpg/135px-Bypass_near_sus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9d/Bypass_near_sus.jpg/180px-Bypass_near_sus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bypass near Sus Road</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sus,_Pune&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPashan_Sus_Road_to_Rajiv_Gandhi_Infotech_Park" class="citation web cs1">Pashan Sus Road to Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.co.in/maps/dir/Sai+Chowk,+Pashan-Sus+Rd,+Pashan,+Pune,+Maharashtra+411021/Hinjawadi+Rajiv+Gandhi+Infotech+Park,+Hinjawadi,+Pune,+Maharashtra/@18.5766778,73.6998606,12z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m13!4m12!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc2bee7d1bef389:0x7dcd6ea8b5ea742e!2m2!1d73.784902!2d18.543537!1m5!1m1!1s0x3bc2bba396c49b13:0x7c61fb96560cb10f!2m2!1d73.7095365!2d18.5946784?hl=en">"Pashan Sus Road to Rajiv Gandhi Infotech Park"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pashan+Sus+Road+to+Rajiv+Gandhi+Infotech+Park&amp;rft.au=Pashan+Sus+Road+to+Rajiv+Gandhi+Infotech+Park&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.in%2Fmaps%2Fdir%2FSai%2BChowk%2C%2BPashan-Sus%2BRd%2C%2BPashan%2C%2BPune%2C%2BMaharashtra%2B411021%2FHinjawadi%2BRajiv%2BGandhi%2BInfotech%2BPark%2C%2BHinjawadi%2C%2BPune%2C%2BMaharashtra%2F%4018.5766778%2C73.6998606%2C12z%2Fdata%3D%213m1%214b1%214m13%214m12%211m5%211m1%211s0x3bc2bee7d1bef389%3A0x7dcd6ea8b5ea742e%212m2%211d73.784902%212d18.543537%211m5%211m1%211s0x3bc2bba396c49b13%3A0x7c61fb96560cb10f%212m2%211d73.7095365%212d18.5946784%3Fhl%3Den&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASus%2C+Pune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVidya_Valley_School" class="citation web cs1">Vidya Valley School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vidyavalley.com/contact-us.html">"Contact Us - Vidya Valley School"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Contact+Us+-+Vidya+Valley+School&amp;rft.au=Vidya+Valley+School&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvidyavalley.com%2Fcontact-us.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASus%2C+Pune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTree_House_High_School" class="citation web cs1">Tree House High School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.treehousehighschool.com/sus_pune/index.html">"Tree House High School - Home"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tree+House+High+School+-+Home&amp;rft.au=Tree+House+High+School&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.treehousehighschool.com%2Fsus_pune%2Findex.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASus%2C+Pune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaharashtra_Institute_of_Technology" class="citation web cs1">Maharashtra Institute of Technology. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mitsde.com/mailer_new/p_mailer.html">"MIT-SDE Information and Mailer"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=MIT-SDE+Information+and+Mailer&amp;rft.au=Maharashtra+Institute+of+Technology&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mitsde.com%2Fmailer_new%2Fp_mailer.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASus%2C+Pune" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbourhoods_of_Pune" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Neighbourhoods_of_Pune" title="Template:Neighbourhoods of Pune"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Neighbourhoods_of_Pune" title="Template talk:Neighbourhoods of Pune"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li 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class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Pune</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakan,_Maharashtra" class="mw-redirect" title="Chakan, Maharashtra">Chakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charholi_Budruk" title="Charholi Budruk">Charholi Budruk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viman_Nagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Viman Nagar">Viman Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vishrantwadi" title="Vishrantwadi">Vishrantwadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehu" title="Dehu">Dehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yerawada" title="Yerawada">Yerawada</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pimpri_Chinchwad" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimpri Chinchwad">Pimpri Chinchwad</a><br /> North-West Pune</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhosari" title="Bhosari">Bhosari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinchwad" title="Chinchwad">Chinchwad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dehu_Road" title="Dehu Road">Dehu Road Cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dapodi" title="Dapodi">Dapodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinjawadi" title="Hinjawadi">Hinjawadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalewadi" title="Kalewadi">Kalewadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimple_Gurav" title="Pimple Gurav">Pimple Gurav</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimple_Saudagar" title="Pimple Saudagar">Pimple Saudagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pimpri" title="Pimpri">Pimpri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punawale" title="Punawale">Punawale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahatani" title="Rahatani">Rahatani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ravet,_Pune" title="Ravet, Pune">Ravet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sangvi_(Pimpri-Chinchwad)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangvi (Pimpri-Chinchwad)">Sangvi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Tukaram_Nagar" title="Sant Tukaram Nagar">Sant Tukaram Nagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakad" title="Wakad">Wakad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thergaon" title="Thergaon">Thergaon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West Pune</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aundh,_Pune" title="Aundh, Pune">Aundh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balewadi" title="Balewadi">Balewadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baner,_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="Baner, Pune">Baner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavdhan" title="Bavdhan">Bavdhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khadki" title="Khadki">Khadki cantonment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashan" title="Pashan">Pashan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirangut" title="Pirangut">Pirangut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Pune</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pune_Cantonment" class="mw-redirect" title="Pune Cantonment">Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadapsar" title="Hadapsar">Hadapsar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharadi" title="Kharadi">Kharadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manjri" title="Manjri">Manjri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keshavnagar-Mundwa" title="Keshavnagar-Mundwa">Mundwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magarpatta" title="Magarpatta">Magarpatta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wanowrie&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Wanowrie (page does not exist)">Wanowrie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Pune</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kothrud" title="Kothrud">Kothrud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karvenagar" title="Karvenagar">Karvenagar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katraj" title="Katraj">Katraj</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dhayari" title="Dhayari">Dhayari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanded,_Pune" class="mw-redirect" title="Nanded, Pune">Nanded</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swargate" title="Swargate">Swargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warje" title="Warje">Warje</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐7hbd8 Cached time: 20241228163915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.540 seconds Real time usage: 0.740 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3889/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 56168/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8829/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 17/100 Expensive parser function count: 6/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 34788/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.362/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 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Arthur Zajonc
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Arthur Zajonc - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Arthur Guy Zajonc</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="&#39;z&#39; in &#39;zoom&#39;">z</span><span title="/eɪ/: &#39;a&#39; in &#39;face&#39;">eɪ</span><span title="/./: syllable break">.</span><span title="/ən/: &#39;on&#39; in &#39;button&#39;">ən</span><span title="&#39;t&#39; in &#39;tie&#39;">t</span><span title="&#39;s&#39; in &#39;sigh&#39;">s</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">ZAY</span>-ənts</i></a>; born 11 October 1949 in <a href="/wiki/Boston,_Massachusetts" class="mw-redirect" title="Boston, Massachusetts">Boston, Massachusetts</a>) is a physicist and the author of several books related to science, mind, and spirit; one of these is based on dialogues about quantum mechanics with the <a href="/wiki/Dalai_Lama" title="Dalai Lama">Dalai Lama</a>. Zajonc, professor emeritus at <a href="/wiki/Amherst_College" title="Amherst College">Amherst College</a> as of 2012,<sup id="cite_ref-On_Being_with_Krista_Tippett_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-On_Being_with_Krista_Tippett-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> has been teaching there since 1978. He has served as the General Secretary of the <a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthroposophical Society in America">Anthroposophical Society in America</a>. From January 2012 to June 2015 he was president of the <a href="/wiki/Mind_and_Life_Institute" class="mw-redirect" title="Mind and Life Institute">Mind and Life Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Zajonc&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Zajonc received a B.S. in engineering physics from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Michigan" title="University of Michigan">University of Michigan</a> in 1971. He received an M.S. (1973) and Ph.D. (1976) in physics at the University of Michigan as well. From 1976-1978 he was a research associate at the Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Colorado_at_Boulder" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Colorado at Boulder">University of Colorado</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Bureau_of_Standards" class="mw-redirect" title="National Bureau of Standards">National Bureau of Standards</a>, Boulder, Colorado. </p><p>Zajonc became an assistant professor of physics at Amherst College in 1978, and was promoted to associate professor in 1984 and full professor in 1991. In 2006 he became an <a href="/wiki/Andrew_W._Mellon_Foundation" title="Andrew W. Mellon Foundation">Andrew W. Mellon Professor</a> at Amherst. He retired from this position in 2011, and is now Andrew W. Mellon Professor Emeritus at Amherst College.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1981-82 he was a Visiting Associate Professor of Physics at the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Normale_Sup%C3%A9rieure" class="mw-redirect" title="École Normale Supérieure">École Normale Supérieure</a> at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Laboratoire_de_Spectroscopie_Hertzienne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne (page does not exist)">Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Hertzienne</a> in Paris. In 1984 was a Visiting Research Physicist at the <a href="/wiki/Max_Planck_Institute_for_Quantum_Optics" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics">Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garching" title="Garching">Garching</a> (<a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a>), Germany with <a href="/w/index.php?title=H._Walther&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="H. Walther (page does not exist)">H. Walther</a>. In 1986 he was a visiting scientist at the Institute for Quantum Optics at <a href="/wiki/Leibniz_University_Hannover" title="Leibniz University Hannover">Leibniz University Hannover</a> in Germany. In 1991 he was a visiting scientist at the Department of Physics at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Rochester" title="University of Rochester">University of Rochester</a> with L. Mandel. In 1993 he was a <a href="/wiki/Fulbright" class="mw-redirect" title="Fulbright">Fulbright</a> Professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Innsbruck" title="University of Innsbruck">University of Innsbruck</a>, Austria teaching and doing research on the experimental foundations of <a href="/wiki/Quantum_physics" class="mw-redirect" title="Quantum physics">quantum physics</a>. </p><p>Zajonc was the physics department chairman at Amherst College for three different appointments: 1987–1989, 1998–2000, and 2005–present. Later that same year <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2014)">when?</span></a></i>&#93;</sup> he was a Scholar-in-Residence at the <a href="/wiki/Fetzer_Institute" title="Fetzer Institute">Fetzer Institute</a>. He was the Senior Program Director of the Fetzer Institute 1995–1997. He was the director for the Academic Program of the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Center_for_Contemplative_Mind_in_Society&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Center for Contemplative Mind in Society (page does not exist)">Center for Contemplative Mind in Society</a> from 2004 to 2009, and served as Executive Director from 2009 to 2012. In this role, he focused the organization's work on the development and application of contemplative practices within higher education. </p><p>Zajonc held a number of dialogues with the Dalai Lama in 1997 which were published in 2004 under his scientific coordination and editorship as <i>Dalai Lama: The New Physics and Cosmology</i>. He was moderator for the 2003 dialogue with the Dalai Lama at <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_accomplishments">Other accomplishments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Zajonc&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Other accomplishments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Kira_Institute" title="Kira Institute">Kira Institute</a>.</li> <li>Past president of the <a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Association" title="Lindisfarne Association">Lindisfarne Association</a>.</li> <li>Co-founder of the <a href="/wiki/Fetzer_Institute" title="Fetzer Institute">Fetzer Institute</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Books">Books</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Zajonc&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFZajonc1995" class="citation book cs1">Zajonc, Arthur (1995). <i>Catching the Light: The Entwined History of Light and Mind</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195095753" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195095753"><bdi>978-0195095753</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Catching+the+Light%3A+The+Entwined+History+of+Light+and+Mind&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1995&amp;rft.isbn=978-0195095753&amp;rft.aulast=Zajonc&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreensteinZajonc2005" class="citation book cs1">Greenstein, George; Zajonc, Arthur (2005). <i>The Quantum Challenge: Modern Research on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (2nd Edition)</i>. Jones and Bartlett. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0763724702" title="Special:BookSources/978-0763724702"><bdi>978-0763724702</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Quantum+Challenge%3A+Modern+Research+on+the+Foundations+of+Quantum+Mechanics+%282nd+Edition%29&amp;rft.pub=Jones+and+Bartlett&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.isbn=978-0763724702&amp;rft.aulast=Greenstein&amp;rft.aufirst=George&amp;rft.au=Zajonc%2C+Arthur&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span> The first edition of this undergraduate text was published in 1997.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSeamonZajonc1998" class="citation book cs1">Seamon, David; Zajonc, Arthur, eds. (1998). <i>Goethe's Way of Science</i>. State University of New York. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0791436820" title="Special:BookSources/978-0791436820"><bdi>978-0791436820</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Goethe%27s+Way+of+Science&amp;rft.pub=State+University+of+New+York&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.isbn=978-0791436820&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZajonc2004" class="citation book cs1">Zajonc, Arthur, ed. (2004). <i>Dalai Lama: The New Physics and Cosmology</i>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0195159943" title="Special:BookSources/978-0195159943"><bdi>978-0195159943</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Dalai+Lama%3A+The+New+Physics+and+Cosmology&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.isbn=978-0195159943&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span> Edited by Zajonc, this book is based on a series of conversations with the Dalai Lama and several prominent physicists about quantum mechanics.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarringtonZajonc2008" class="citation book cs1">Harrington, Anne; Zajonc, Arthur, eds. (2008). <i>The Dalai Lama at MIT</i>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0674027336" title="Special:BookSources/978-0674027336"><bdi>978-0674027336</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Dalai+Lama+at+MIT&amp;rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-0674027336&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZajonc2008" class="citation book cs1">Zajonc, Arthur (2008). <i>Meditation As Contemplative Inquiry: When Knowing Becomes Love</i>. Lindisframe Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1584200628" title="Special:BookSources/978-1584200628"><bdi>978-1584200628</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Meditation+As+Contemplative+Inquiry%3A+When+Knowing+Becomes+Love&amp;rft.pub=Lindisframe+Press&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.isbn=978-1584200628&amp;rft.aulast=Zajonc&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmerZajoncScribner2010" class="citation book cs1">Palmer, Parker J.; Zajonc, Arthur; Scribner, Megan (2010). <i>The Heart of Higher Education: A Call to Renewal</i>. Jossey-Bass. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-48790-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-48790-7"><bdi>978-0-470-48790-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Heart+of+Higher+Education%3A+A+Call+to+Renewal&amp;rft.pub=Jossey-Bass&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-470-48790-7&amp;rft.aulast=Palmer&amp;rft.aufirst=Parker+J.&amp;rft.au=Zajonc%2C+Arthur&amp;rft.au=Scribner%2C+Megan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span> See one review by Pamela C. Crosby (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402104834/https://characterclearinghouse.fsu.edu/index.php/jon-c-dalton-institute-on-college-student-values/book-reviews/594-review-heart">"Review of The Heart of Higher Education By Palmer and Zajonc"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://characterclearinghouse.fsu.edu/index.php/jon-c-dalton-institute-on-college-student-values/book-reviews/594-review-heart">the original</a> on 2015-04-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Review+of+The+Heart+of+Higher+Education+By+Palmer+and+Zajonc&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcharacterclearinghouse.fsu.edu%2Findex.php%2Fjon-c-dalton-institute-on-college-student-values%2Fbook-reviews%2F594-review-heart&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span>)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Zajonc&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society" title="Anthroposophical Society">Anthroposophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemplation" title="Contemplation">Contemplation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quantum_mysticism" title="Quantum mysticism">Quantum mysticism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthur_Zajonc&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-On_Being_with_Krista_Tippett-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-On_Being_with_Krista_Tippett_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.onbeing.org/program/arthur-zajonc-michael-mccullough-mind-and-morality-a-dialogue/7316">"Arthur Zajonc and Michael McCullough"</a>. <i>On Being with Krista Tippett</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=On+Being+with+Krista+Tippett&amp;rft.atitle=Arthur+Zajonc+and+Michael+McCullough&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.onbeing.org%2Fprogram%2Farthur-zajonc-michael-mccullough-mind-and-morality-a-dialogue%2F7316&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO&#39;Brien2011" class="citation web cs1">O'Brien, Chris (December 8, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120127215759/http://www.mindandlife.org/arthur-zajonc-appointed-as-the-new-president-of-the-mind-life-institute/">"Arthur Zajonc Appointed as the New President of the Mind &amp; Life Institute"</a>. Mind &amp; Life Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindandlife.org/arthur-zajonc-appointed-as-the-new-president-of-the-mind-life-institute/">the original</a> on January 27, 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Arthur+Zajonc+Appointed+as+the+New+President+of+the+Mind+%26+Life+Institute&amp;rft.pub=Mind+%26+Life+Institute&amp;rft.date=2011-12-08&amp;rft.aulast=O%27Brien&amp;rft.aufirst=Chris&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindandlife.org%2Farthur-zajonc-appointed-as-the-new-president-of-the-mind-life-institute%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJinpa2015" class="citation web cs1">Jinpa, Thupten (June 25, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mindandlife.org/with-our-most-sincere-gratitude-to-arthur-zajonc-in-his-transition-from-the-mind-life-presidency/">"With our Most Sincere Gratitude to Arthur Zajonc, In His Transition from the Mind &amp; Life Presidency"</a>. Mind &amp; Life Institute.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=With+our+Most+Sincere+Gratitude+to+Arthur+Zajonc%2C+In+His+Transition+from+the+Mind+%26+Life+Presidency&amp;rft.pub=Mind+%26+Life+Institute&amp;rft.date=2015-06-25&amp;rft.aulast=Jinpa&amp;rft.aufirst=Thupten&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindandlife.org%2Fwith-our-most-sincere-gratitude-to-arthur-zajonc-in-his-transition-from-the-mind-life-presidency%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070701105147/http://www.arthurzajonc.org/About.php?subnum=3">"Curriculum Vitae"</a>. <i>arthurzajonc.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arthurzajonc.org/About.php?subnum=3">the original</a> on 2007-07-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=arthurzajonc.org&amp;rft.atitle=Curriculum+Vitae&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arthurzajonc.org%2FAbout.php%3Fsubnum%3D3&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AArthur+Zajonc" class="Z3988"></span> <i>Curriculum vitae</i> posted on Zajonc's personal website.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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"}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Anthroposophy_series" title="Template:Anthroposophy series"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Anthroposophy_series" title="Template talk:Anthroposophy series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Anthroposophy_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Anthroposophy series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Anthroposophy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophy" title="Anthroposophy">Anthroposophy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Founding board members of the<br />General Anthroposophical Society</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Steiner" title="Rudolf Steiner">Rudolf Steiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Steffen" title="Albert Steffen">Albert Steffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Steiner-von_Sivers" title="Marie Steiner-von Sivers">Marie Steiner-von Sivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisabeth_Vreede" title="Elisabeth Vreede">Elisabeth Vreede</a></li> <li>Gunther Wachsmuth</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ita_Wegman" title="Ita Wegman">Ita Wegman</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Anthroposophists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hilma_af_Klint" title="Hilma af Klint">Hilma af Klint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_Bortoft" title="Henri Bortoft">Henri Bortoft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georg_K%C3%BChlewind" title="Georg Kühlewind">Georg Kühlewind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ehrenfried_Pfeiffer" title="Ehrenfried Pfeiffer">Ehrenfried Pfeiffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Schwenk" title="Theodor Schwenk">Theodor Schwenk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emil_Bock" title="Emil Bock">Emil Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Lievegoed" title="Bernard Lievegoed">Bernard Lievegoed </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Maryon" title="Edith Maryon">Edith Maryon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_O._Prokofieff" title="Sergei O. Prokofieff">Sergei O. Prokofieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Selg" title="Peter Selg">Peter Selg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jens_Bj%C3%B8rneboe" title="Jens Bjørneboe">Jens Bjørneboe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aasmund_Brynildsen" title="Aasmund Brynildsen">Aasmund Brynildsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Nicol_Dunlop" title="Daniel Nicol Dunlop">Daniel Nicol Dunlop </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fentress_Gardner" title="John Fentress Gardner">John Fentress Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Burley_Griffin" title="Walter Burley Griffin">Walter Burley Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_K%C3%B6nig" title="Karl König">Karl König</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._McDermott" title="Robert A. McDermott">Robert A. McDermott</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Arthur Zajonc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_M._Sloan" title="Douglas M. Sloan">Douglas M. Sloan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Spock" title="Marjorie Spock">Marjorie Spock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Johannes_Stein" title="Walter Johannes Stein">Walter Johannes Stein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Lehrs" title="Ernst Lehrs">Ernst Lehrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Witzenmann" title="Herbert Witzenmann">Herbert Witzenmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massimo_Scaligero" title="Massimo Scaligero">Massimo Scaligero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Rentea" title="Ross Rentea">Ross Rentea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudolf_Hauschka" title="Rudolf Hauschka">Rudolf Hauschka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oskar_Schmiedel" title="Oskar Schmiedel">Oskar Schmiedel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermann_Poppelbaum" title="Hermann Poppelbaum">Hermann Poppelbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Meebold" title="Alfred Meebold">Alfred Meebold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Rath" title="Wilhelm Rath">Wilhelm Rath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hahn" title="Herbert Hahn">Herbert Hahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Edmunds" title="Francis Edmunds">Francis Edmunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Weihs" title="Thomas Weihs">Thomas Weihs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Harwood" title="Cecil Harwood">Cecil Harwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daphne_Olivier" title="Daphne Olivier">Daphne Olivier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marguerite_Lundgren" title="Marguerite Lundgren">Marguerite Lundgren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valborg_Werbeck-Sv%C3%A4rdstr%C3%B6m" title="Valborg Werbeck-Svärdström">Valborg Werbeck-Svärdström</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Ernst_Barkhoff" title="Wilhelm Ernst Barkhoff">Wilhelm Ernst Barkhoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davy_(journalist)" title="John Davy (journalist)">John Davy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_Streit" title="Jakob Streit">Jakob Streit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Rexroth" title="Alfred Rexroth">Alfred Rexroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernst_Weissert" title="Ernst Weissert">Ernst Weissert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Henry_Wilson" title="Michael Henry Wilson">Michael Henry Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Cross" title="Margaret Cross">Margaret Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fried_Geuter" title="Fried Geuter">Fried Geuter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Freeman" title="Arnold Freeman">Arnold Freeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Lissau" title="Rudi Lissau">Rudi Lissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bennell" title="Margaret Bennell">Margaret Bennell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Rigby" title="Edith Rigby">Edith Rigby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertram_Keightley" title="Bertram Keightley">Bertram Keightley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arild_Rosenkrantz" title="Arild Rosenkrantz">Arild Rosenkrantz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eileen_Hutchins" title="Eileen Hutchins">Eileen Hutchins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleanor_Merry" title="Eleanor Merry">Eleanor Merry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nordoff" title="Paul Nordoff">Paul Nordoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clive_Robbins" title="Clive Robbins">Clive Robbins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violetta_Plincke" title="Violetta Plincke">Violetta Plincke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Schauder" title="Hans Schauder">Hans Schauder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Adams_Kaufmann" title="George Adams Kaufmann">George Adams Kaufmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liane_Collot_d%27Herbois" title="Liane Collot d&#39;Herbois">Liane Collot d'Herbois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egil_Tyn%C3%A6s" title="Egil Tynæs">Egil Tynæs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Else_Klink" title="Else Klink">Else Klink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Pietzner" title="Carlo Pietzner">Carlo Pietzner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marta_Fuchs" title="Marta Fuchs">Marta Fuchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolfgang_Schad" title="Wolfgang Schad">Wolfgang Schad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Sleigh" title="Julian Sleigh">Julian Sleigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Botho_Sigwart_zu_Eulenburg" title="Botho Sigwart zu Eulenburg">Botho Sigwart zu Eulenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Tautz" title="Johannes Tautz">Johannes Tautz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vyd%C5%ABnas" title="Vydūnas">Vydūnas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_Zeylmans_van_Emmichoven" title="Willem Zeylmans van Emmichoven">Willem Zeylmans van Emmichoven</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Notable supporters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Barfield" title="Owen Barfield">Owen Barfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Bely" title="Andrei Bely">Andrei Bely</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Beuys" title="Joseph Beuys">Joseph Beuys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Davenport" title="Russell Davenport">Russell Davenport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassily_Kandinsky" title="Wassily Kandinsky">Wassily Kandinsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selma_Lagerl%C3%B6f" title="Selma Lagerlöf">Selma Lagerlöf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Schweitzer" title="Albert Schweitzer">Albert Schweitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Tarkovsky" title="Andrei Tarkovsky">Andrei Tarkovsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruno_Walter" title="Bruno Walter">Bruno Walter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibrahim_Abouleish" title="Ibrahim Abouleish">Ibrahim Abouleish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicanor_Perlas" title="Nicanor Perlas">Nicanor Perlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Lusseyran" title="Jacques Lusseyran">Jacques Lusseyran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millicent_Mackenzie" title="Millicent Mackenzie">Millicent Mackenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_McMillan" title="Margaret McMillan">Margaret McMillan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cultural influences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophic_medicine" title="Anthroposophic medicine">Anthroposophic medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biodynamic_agriculture" title="Biodynamic agriculture">Biodynamic agriculture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camphill_Movement" title="Camphill Movement">Camphill Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurythmy" title="Eurythmy">Eurythmy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Threefold_social_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Threefold social order">Threefold social order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Community" title="The Christian Community">The Christian Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_education" title="Waldorf education">Waldorf education</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Institutions and publications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthroposophical Society in America">Anthroposophical Society in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Associa%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Comunit%C3%A1ria_Monte_Azul" title="Associação Comunitária Monte Azul">Associação Comunitária Monte Azul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demeter_International" title="Demeter International">Demeter International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society" title="Anthroposophical Society">General Anthroposophical Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLS_Bank" title="GLS Bank">GLS Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goetheanum" title="Goetheanum">Goetheanum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harduf" title="Harduf">Harduf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SEKEM" title="SEKEM">SEKEM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triodos_Bank" title="Triodos Bank">Triodos Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weleda" title="Weleda">Weleda</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2865390#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2865390#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000116781540">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/79114019">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJfWYRHKrWKKP8Y4v3pByd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/124560563">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n92057586">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external 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Poovukkul
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data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1998 song by A. R. Rahman featuring P. Unnikrishnan and Sujatha Mohan</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="color: #202122;background-color: #E6E8FA; font-size: 125%;">"Poovukkul"</th></tr><tr class="description"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: #E6E8FA;"><a href="/wiki/Song" title="Song">Song</a> by <a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a> featuring <a href="/wiki/P._Unnikrishnan" title="P. Unnikrishnan">P. Unnikrishnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sujatha_Mohan" title="Sujatha Mohan">Sujatha Mohan</a></th></tr><tr class="description"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: #E6E8FA;">from the album <i> <a href="/wiki/Jeans_(film)" title="Jeans (film)">Jeans: The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack</a> </i></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">9 March 1998</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Recording_studio" title="Recording studio">Studio</a></th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Panchathan_Record_Inn_and_AM_Studios" title="Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios">Panchathan Record Inn and AM Studios</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venue</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chennai" title="Chennai">Chennai</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist">Film Soundtrack</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist"><span class="duration"><span class="min">6</span>:<span class="s">48</span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">West Top <small>(Tamil)</small><br />New Music <small>(Tamil)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Sa_Re_Ga_Ma" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa Re Ga Ma">Sa Re Ga Ma</a> <small>(Tamil)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/T-Series_(company)" title="T-Series (company)">T-Series</a> <small>(Hindi)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Aditya_Music" title="Aditya Music">Aditya Music</a> <small>(Telugu)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Composer" title="Composer">Composer(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lyricist" title="Lyricist">Lyricist(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Vairamuthu" title="Vairamuthu">Vairamuthu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">A. R. Rahman</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>"<b>Poovukkul</b>" is a song, sung in <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a>, featured in the 1998 <a href="/wiki/Kollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Kollywood">Tamil film</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Jeans_(film)" title="Jeans (film)">Jeans</a></i>. The song was written by the film's noted musical duo, composer <a href="/wiki/A._R._Rahman" title="A. R. Rahman">A. R. Rahman</a> and lyricist <a href="/wiki/Vairamuthu" title="Vairamuthu">Vairamuthu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-raaga_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-raaga-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tamil and Telugu version of this song was performed by <a href="/wiki/P._Unnikrishnan" title="P. Unnikrishnan">P. Unnikrishnan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sujatha_Mohan" title="Sujatha Mohan">Sujatha Mohan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Hariharan_(singer)" title="Hariharan (singer)">Hariharan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sadhana_Sargam" title="Sadhana Sargam">Sadhana Sargam</a> sung the Hindi version.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Set in six countries, the music video of "Poovukkul" features Tamil actor <a href="/wiki/Prashanth" title="Prashanth">Prashanth</a> and actress <a href="/wiki/Aishwarya_Rai" class="mw-redirect" title="Aishwarya Rai">Aishwarya Rai</a>, a previous <a href="/wiki/Miss_World" title="Miss World">Miss World</a> winner. The lyrics of the song compare Rai as a wonder of the world, citing that she is the "<a href="/wiki/Seven_Wonders_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven Wonders of the World">eighth wonder of the world</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The song was dubbed in Telugu and Hindi as "Poovullo Daagunna" and "Ajooba", respectively. Hindi lyrics was penned by <a href="/wiki/Javed_Akhtar" title="Javed Akhtar">Javed Akhter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-moneybudget_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moneybudget-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Telugu lyrics was penned by <a href="/wiki/A._M._Rathnam" title="A. M. Rathnam">A. M. Rathnam</a> and Sivaganesh.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poovukkul&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The team for the song visited several countries to picturize the song "Poovukul", which featured scenes with seven famous buildings,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> dubbing Aishwarya Rai as the "<a href="/wiki/Seven_wonders_of_the_World" class="mw-redirect" title="Seven wonders of the World">eighth</a> wonder of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-moneybudget_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-moneybudget-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Shankar admitted that due to no real list being present, thought had been put into which wonders were selected.<sup id="cite_ref-Joke_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Joke-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The team made a thirty-day trip around the world stopping to can scenes at the <a href="/wiki/Leaning_Tower_of_Pisa" title="Leaning Tower of Pisa">Leaning Tower of Pisa</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Colosseum" title="Colosseum">Colosseum</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Empire_State_Building" title="Empire State Building">Empire State Building</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Egyptian pyramids</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a>. The death of <a href="/wiki/Princess_Diana" class="mw-redirect" title="Princess Diana">Princess Diana</a> had delayed filming in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> for the Paris schedule.<sup id="cite_ref-Jeansunlimited_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeansunlimited-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The costumes for the song were designed by Aneez Jeeva and <a href="/wiki/Anu_Parthasarathy" title="Anu Parthasarathy">Anu Parthasarathy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bwd_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bwd-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first part of the song was shot in Paris, France. Later filming moved to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pisa" title="Pisa">Pisa</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>. Thirdly in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, then to <a href="/wiki/Giza" title="Giza">Giza</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a>, and on to <a href="/wiki/Great_Wall_of_China" title="Great Wall of China">Great Wall of China</a> and lastly at <a href="/wiki/Taj_Mahal" title="Taj Mahal">Taj Mahal</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>. For the most part, <i>Jeans</i> was surrounded by world events of varying sorts and for Shankar, the cast and crew of the film described the experiences as "tremendously vivid and memorable".<sup id="cite_ref-Jeansunlimited_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jeansunlimited-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Poovukkul&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-raaga-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-raaga_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161006134258/http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/jeans-T0000064">"Jeans (1998)"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Raaga.com" title="Raaga.com">Raaga.com</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://play.raaga.com/tamil/album/jeans-T0000064">the original</a> on 6 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 July</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Raaga.com&amp;rft.atitle=Jeans+%281998%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplay.raaga.com%2Ftamil%2Falbum%2Fjeans-T0000064&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160831024519/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Music/Reviews/98/jeans.htm">"Jeans&#160;– Music Reviews"</a>. <i>Indolink</i>. Archived from the original on 31 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Indolink&amp;rft.atitle=Jeans+%E2%80%93+Music+Reviews&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indolink.com%2Ftamil%2Fcinema%2FMusic%2FReviews%2F98%2Fjeans.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.discogs.com/AR-Rahman-Javed-Akhtar-Jeans/release/8293342">"A.R. Rahman, Javed Akhtar&#160;– Jeans"</a>. <i>Discogs</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Discogs&amp;rft.atitle=A.R.+Rahman%2C+Javed+Akhtar+%E2%80%93+Jeans&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.discogs.com%2FAR-Rahman-Javed-Akhtar-Jeans%2Frelease%2F8293342&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/society-the-arts/films/story/19980406-tamil-director-shankars-latest-film-jeans-costliest-indian-production-to-date-826054-1998-04-06">"Tamil director Shankar's latest film, Jeans, costliest Indian production to date"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Tamil+director+Shankar%27s+latest+film%2C+Jeans%2C+costliest+Indian+production+to+date&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiatoday.in%2Fmagazine%2Fsociety-the-arts%2Ffilms%2Fstory%2F19980406-tamil-director-shankars-latest-film-jeans-costliest-indian-production-to-date-826054-1998-04-06&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-moneybudget-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-moneybudget_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-moneybudget_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rediff.com/entertai/1998/mar/21jean.htm">"Of Jeans and bottom lines"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a>.com (V. Srinivasan)</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Rediff.com+%28V.+Srinivasan%29&amp;rft.atitle=Of+Jeans+and+bottom+lines&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rediff.com%2Fentertai%2F1998%2Fmar%2F21jean.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20001213003400/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/98/April/jeans2.htm">"Tamil Cinema Jeans&#160;– Review"</a>. <i>indolink</i>. 25 April 1998. Archived from the original on 13 December 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=indolink&amp;rft.atitle=Tamil+Cinema+Jeans+%E2%80%93+Review&amp;rft.date=1998-04-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indolink.com%2Ftamil%2Fcinema%2FSpecials%2F98%2FApril%2Fjeans2.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ahummingheart.com/features/rewind-20-years-of-jeans-0-wear-out-100-nostalgia/">"Rewind&#160;– 20 years of Jeans: 0% Wear-Out, 100% Nostalgia"</a>. <i>A Humming Heart</i>. 3 May 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=A+Humming+Heart&amp;rft.atitle=Rewind+%E2%80%93+20+years+of+Jeans%3A+0%25+Wear-Out%2C+100%25+Nostalgia&amp;rft.date=2018-05-03&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fahummingheart.com%2Ffeatures%2Frewind-20-years-of-jeans-0-wear-out-100-nostalgia%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Joke-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Joke_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173034/http://www.indiaabroad.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/20sh.htm">"Wonder of wonders"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Rediff" class="mw-redirect" title="Rediff">Rediff</a>.com (Rajitha)</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.indiaabroad.rediff.com/entertai/1998/apr/20sh.htm">the original</a> on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Rediff.com+%28Rajitha%29&amp;rft.atitle=Wonder+of+wonders&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indiaabroad.rediff.com%2Fentertai%2F1998%2Fapr%2F20sh.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jeansunlimited-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jeansunlimited_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jeansunlimited_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160303174833/http://www.indolink.com/tamil/cinema/Specials/98/April/jeans.htm">"Jean's page"</a>. <i>Indolink.com (S. Krishna)</i>. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 August</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Indolink.com+%28S.+Krishna%29&amp;rft.atitle=Jean%27s+page&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.indolink.com%2Ftamil%2Fcinema%2FSpecials%2F98%2FApril%2Fjeans.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bwd-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bwd_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.behindwoods.com/tamil-costume-designer/anu-parthasarathy/anu-parthasarathy-interview.html">"Anu Parthasarathy interview"</a>. <i>www.behindwoods.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.behindwoods.com&amp;rft.atitle=Anu+Parthasarathy+interview&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.behindwoods.com%2Ftamil-costume-designer%2Fanu-parthasarathy%2Fanu-parthasarathy-interview.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APoovukkul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musical_notes.svg/30px-Musical_notes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musical_notes.svg/45px-Musical_notes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Musical_notes.svg/60px-Musical_notes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This 1990s song-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Philip Silver
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Philip Silver - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Philip_Silver&amp;action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Philip+Silver%22">"Philip Silver"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Philip+Silver%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Philip+Silver%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Philip+Silver%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Philip+Silver%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Philip+Silver%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">March 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Philip Silver</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1909</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">July 1999</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">American</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Engineer</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><b>Engineering career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Collectors_Club_of_New_York" title="Collectors Club of New York">Collectors Club of New York</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Philatelic_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Philatelic Foundation">Philatelic Foundation</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Projects</th><td class="infobox-data">Studied and wrote extensively on <a href="/wiki/Aerophilately" title="Aerophilately">air mail stamps</a>; president of <a href="/wiki/Collectors_Club_of_New_York" title="Collectors Club of New York">Collectors Club of New York</a>, and philatelic exhibition judge.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lichtenstein_Medal" title="Lichtenstein Medal">Lichtenstein Medal</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/APS_Hall_of_Fame" class="mw-redirect" title="APS Hall of Fame">APS Hall of Fame</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Luff_Award" title="Luff Award">Luff Award</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Philip Silver</b> (1909–1999), of <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, was a <a href="/wiki/Philately" title="Philately">philatelist</a> who specialized in the field of air mail stamps, known as <a href="/wiki/Aerophilately" title="Aerophilately">aerophilately</a>. He studied air mail stamps and <a href="/wiki/Postal_history" title="Postal history">postal history</a>, and wrote extensively on the subject.<sup id="cite_ref-APS_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philatelic_literature">Philatelic literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Silver&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Philatelic literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Silver co-authored “Eleanor and Franklin D. Roosevelt Stamps of the World “(1965) with philatelist Jan Bart. He contributed to the <a href="/wiki/Scott_catalog" class="mw-redirect" title="Scott catalog">Scott's Specialized U.S. Catalogue</a> as well as to the Sanabria Air Mail Catalogue. And, for a number of years, he edited <i>The Aerophilatelists Annals</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-APS_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Philatelic_activity">Philatelic activity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Silver&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Philatelic activity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the <a href="/wiki/Collectors_Club_of_New_York" title="Collectors Club of New York">Collectors Club of New York</a> he held every office in the club, including treasurer, secretary, vice president, president, and trustee. He participated in various capacities at numerous philatelic exhibitions, and was also a trustee of the <a href="/wiki/Philatelic_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Philatelic Foundation">Philatelic Foundation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-APS_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honors_and_awards">Honors and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Silver&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Honors and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of his extensive work in the field of <a href="/wiki/Philately" title="Philately">philately</a> and aerophilately, he received considerable recognition. He was presented with the Richard S. Bohn Memorial Award from Aero Philatelists, Inc. in 1965, the Award for Contributions to Aerophilately from the Metropolitan Air Post Society 1971, the <a href="/wiki/Lichtenstein_Medal" title="Lichtenstein Medal">Lichtenstein Memorial Award</a> in 1972, the Gatchell Literature Award from AAMS in 1978, and the FISA Medal in 1978. He signed the <a href="/wiki/Roll_of_Distinguished_Philatelists" title="Roll of Distinguished Philatelists">Roll of Distinguished Philatelists</a> in 1978 and received the <a href="/wiki/Luff_Award" title="Luff Award">Luff Award</a> for Distinguished Philatelic Research in 1979. He was elected to the <a href="/wiki/American_Philatelic_Society_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame">American Philatelic Society Hall of Fame</a> in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-APS_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-APS-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Silver&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philately" title="Philately">Philately</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philatelic_literature" title="Philatelic literature">Philatelic literature</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Philip_Silver&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-APS-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-APS_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APS_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APS_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-APS_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classic.stamps.org/HOF-2000#Silver">"Philip Silver"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/American_Philatelic_Society" title="American Philatelic Society">American Philatelic Society</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Ana Štajdohar
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mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ana Štajdohar</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>relies too much on <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references</a> to <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons#Misuse_of_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">primary sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">Ana Štajdohar</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Birth name</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Ana Štajdohar</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1979-11-24</span>) </span>November 24, 1979<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;45)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>, <a href="/wiki/SR_Serbia" class="mw-redirect" title="SR Serbia">SR Serbia</a>, <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pop</li><li><a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Singer</li><li>songwriter</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Instrument(s)</th><td class="infobox-data note">Vocals, piano<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ana_Štajdohar_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ana_Štajdohar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2000—present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_Records" title="City Records">City Records</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/PGP_RTS" class="mw-redirect" title="PGP RTS">PGP RTS</a><sup id="cite_ref-Madona_me_je_zauvek_kupila_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madona_me_je_zauvek_kupila-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Musical artist</div> <p><b>Ana Štajdohar</b> (<a href="/wiki/Serbian_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Serbian Cyrillic alphabet">Serbian Cyrillic</a>: <span lang="sr-Cyrl">Ана Штајдохар</span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sh-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian" title="Help:IPA/Serbo-Croatian">&#91;ˌâna<span class="wrap"> </span>ˈʃtâjdoxar&#93;</a></span>; born November 24, 1979) is a Serbian singer. Having began her career as a member of <a href="/wiki/Dance-pop" title="Dance-pop">dance-pop</a> group <a href="/wiki/Tap_011" title="Tap 011">Tap 011</a>, she is recognised for performing on late-night talk show <i><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8De_sa_Ivanom_Ivanovi%C4%87em" title="Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem">Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem</a></i>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_career">Life and career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_%C5%A0tajdohar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Life and career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ana Štajdohar was born on November 24, 1979, in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a> to parents of Slovenian descent.<sup id="cite_ref-Official_Website_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Official_Website-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While vacationing in <a href="/wiki/Hvar" title="Hvar">Hvar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> with her family when she was only four years old, Štajdohar performed "<a href="/wiki/D%C5%BEuli" title="Džuli">Julie</a>" by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(Montenegrin_singer)" title="Daniel (Montenegrin singer)">Danijel Popović</a> at his gig, in response to which she received a standing ovation from both the crowd and Popović himself. She later started attending <a href="/wiki/Mokranjac_Music_School" title="Mokranjac Music School">Mokranjac Music School</a> and was a soloist to well known children choirs, such as "Kolibri" and "<a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People&#39;s Army">JNA</a>", performing at their annual concerts in <a href="/wiki/Sava_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Sava Center">Sava Center</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ana_Štajdohar_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ana_Štajdohar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Štajdohar rose to prominence when she joined <a href="/wiki/Tap_011" title="Tap 011">Tap 011</a> with Nataša Guberinić as lead singers replacing <a href="/wiki/Goca_Tr%C5%BEan" title="Goca Tržan">Goca Tržan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivana_Peters" title="Ivana Peters">Ivana Peters</a>. With the group she went on to release two studio albums, <i>Čudesna Ploča</i> (<i>Miraculous Record</i>) in 2001 and <i>5 Element</i> (<i>Fifth Element</i>) the following year. In 2008, Štajdohar, alongside <a href="/wiki/Aleksa_Jeli%C4%87" title="Aleksa Jelić">Aleksa Jelić</a>, appeared on <a href="/wiki/Beovizija_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Beovizija 2008">Beovizija</a> music festival with <a href="/wiki/Folk_music" title="Folk music">folk</a>-oriented song "Beli jablan" (<i>White Oak</i>) in an attempt to compete as Serbia's entry for the <a href="/wiki/Eurovision_Song_Contest_2008" title="Eurovision Song Contest 2008">Eurovision Song Contest</a>. Although finishing as the runners-up, they were awarded for the best stage performance.<sup id="cite_ref-Ana_Štajdohar_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ana_Štajdohar-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Since 2010, Štajdohar has been performing on the late-night talk show <i><a href="/wiki/Ve%C4%8De_sa_Ivanom_Ivanovi%C4%87em" title="Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem">Veče sa Ivanom Ivanovićem</a></i> with her band. She has also served as back vocalist to artist such as <a href="/wiki/Zdravko_%C4%8Coli%C4%87" title="Zdravko Čolić">Zdravko Čolić</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vlado_Georgiev" title="Vlado Georgiev">Vlado Georgiev</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nata%C5%A1a_Bekvalac" title="Nataša Bekvalac">Nataša Bekvalac</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sa%C5%A1a_Kova%C4%8Devi%C4%87_(singer)" title="Saša Kovačević (singer)">Saša Kovačević</a> </p><p>In 2008, Štajdohar graduated with aa degree in Italian language and <a href="/wiki/Italian_literature" title="Italian literature">literature</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Belgrade_Faculty_of_Philology" title="University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology">University of Belgrade Faculty of Philology</a>. She is married to her band's saxophonist, Nikola Demonja, with whom she has a son and a daughter.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Discography">Discography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_%C5%A0tajdohar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Discography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Singles</dt></dl> <ul><li>"Beli jablan" (2008); featuring <a href="/wiki/Aleksa_Jeli%C4%87" title="Aleksa Jelić">Aleksa Jelić</a></li> <li>"Quiero" (2008); featuring Aleksa Jelić</li> <li>"Žute sandale" (2008)</li> <li>"Nisam tu" (2010</li> <li>"Extra" (2011); featuring Cvija</li> <li>"U mraku" (2011)</li> <li>"Neko kao ti" (2013)</li> <li>"Just To Be With You" (2013)</li> <li>"Lilihip" (2015)</li> <li>"Samo ti" (2016)</li> <li>"Toplo Hladno" (2018)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_%C5%A0tajdohar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Official_Website-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Official_Website_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Official_Website_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tap-011.com/sadasnjost.php">Official Website</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090307023102/http://www.tap-011.com/sadasnjost.php">Archived</a> March 7, 2009, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Tap_011" title="Tap 011">Tap 011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ana_Štajdohar-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ana_Štajdohar_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ana_Štajdohar_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ana_Štajdohar_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myspace.com/anashtajdohar">Ana Štajdohar</a> at <a href="/wiki/MySpace" class="mw-redirect" title="MySpace">MySpace</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Madona_me_je_zauvek_kupila-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Madona_me_je_zauvek_kupila_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Mozaik</i>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vesti.rs/exit/Ana-Stajdohar-Madona-me-je-zauvek-kupila.html">Madona me je zauvek "kupila"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon 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.citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hellomagazin.rs/celebrity-news/domace-vesti/ana-stajdohar-nakon-sto-je-rodila-drugo-dete-sada-smo-kompletni/">"Ana Štajdohar nakon što je rodila drugo dete: Sada smo kompletni"</a> (in Serbian). Hello.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Ana+%C5%A0tajdohar+nakon+%C5%A1to+je+rodila+drugo+dete%3A+Sada+smo+kompletni&amp;rft.pub=Hello&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hellomagazin.rs%2Fcelebrity-news%2Fdomace-vesti%2Fana-stajdohar-nakon-sto-je-rodila-drugo-dete-sada-smo-kompletni%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAna+%C5%A0tajdohar" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ana_%C5%A0tajdohar&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.myspace.com/anashtajdohar">Ana Štajdohar</a> at <a href="/wiki/MySpace" class="mw-redirect" title="MySpace">MySpace</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101130101932/http://poznati.info/ana-stajdohar-razlicitost-je-bas-ok/">Ana Štajdohar Interview</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: Artists <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4750535#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/0e058087-338e-414a-9139-f1c477d9202e">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- 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Pallone d'Argento
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class="mw-page-title-main">Pallone d'Argento</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallone_d%E2%80%99Argento" title="Pallone d’Argento – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pallone d’Argento" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallone_d%27Argento" title="Pallone d&#039;Argento – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pallone d&#039;Argento" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallone_d%27Argento" title="Pallone d&#039;Argento – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Pallone d&#039;Argento" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallone_d%27Argento" title="Pallone d&#039;Argento – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pallone d&#039;Argento" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%93%B6%E7%90%83%E5%A5%96%EF%BC%88%E6%84%8F%E7%94%B2%E5%85%AC%E5%B9%B3%E7%AB%9E%E8%B5%9B%E5%A5%96%EF%BC%89" title="银球奖(意甲公平竞赛奖) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="银球奖(意甲公平竞赛奖)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3892653#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title">Silver Ball</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Sport</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Awarded for</th><td class="infobox-data">Serie A players for their talent, sporting fairness, and moral qualities</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Local name</th><td class="infobox-data"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Pallone d'Argento – Coppa Giaime Fiumanò</i></span>&#160;<span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Presented by</th><td class="infobox-data">Italian Sports Press Association</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">History</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">First award</th><td class="infobox-data">2000</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Editions</th><td class="infobox-data">18</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Final award</th><td class="infobox-data">2017</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">First winner</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Negro" title="Paolo Negro">Paolo Negro</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="width: 33%;">Most recent</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Belotti" title="Andrea Belotti">Andrea Belotti</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Pallone d'Argento – Coppa Giaime Fiumanò</b> <i>(Silver Ball)</i> was an annual award instituted by the <b>Unione Stampa Sportiva Italiana</b> (Italian Sports Press Association) or <b>USSI</b>. It was presented to <a href="/wiki/Serie_A" title="Serie A">Serie A</a> players for their talent as well as sporting fairness and moral qualities.<sup id="cite_ref-dinatale_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dinatale-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Winners">Winners</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallone_d%27Argento&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Winners"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Season </th> <th>Player </th> <th>Club </th> <th>Ref. </th></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/1999%E2%80%932000_Serie_A" title="1999–2000 Serie A">1999–00</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Paolo_Negro" title="Paolo Negro">Paolo Negro</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/S.S._Lazio" class="mw-redirect" title="S.S. Lazio">Lazio</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2000%E2%80%9301_Serie_A" title="2000–01 Serie A">2000–01</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Damiano_Tommasi" title="Damiano Tommasi">Damiano Tommasi</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/A.S._Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="A.S. Roma">Roma</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2001%E2%80%9302_Serie_A" title="2001–02 Serie A">2001–02</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Javier_Zanetti" title="Javier Zanetti">Javier Zanetti</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/F.C._Internazionale_Milano" class="mw-redirect" title="F.C. Internazionale Milano">Internazionale</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2002%E2%80%9303_Serie_A" title="2002–03 Serie A">2002–03</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Ciro_Ferrara" title="Ciro Ferrara">Ciro Ferrara</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Juventus_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Juventus F.C.">Juventus</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2003%E2%80%9304_Serie_A" title="2003–04 Serie A">2003–04</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine"><img alt="Ukraine" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/23px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/35px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/45px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Shevchenko" title="Andriy Shevchenko">Andriy Shevchenko</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/A.C._Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Milan">Milan</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2004%E2%80%9305_Serie_A" title="2004–05 Serie A">2004–05</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Gianfranco_Zola" title="Gianfranco Zola">Gianfranco Zola</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Cagliari_Calcio" title="Cagliari Calcio">Cagliari</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306_Serie_A" title="2005–06 Serie A">2005–06</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Luca_Toni" title="Luca Toni">Luca Toni</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/ACF_Fiorentina" title="ACF Fiorentina">Fiorentina</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307_Serie_A" title="2006–07 Serie A">2006–07</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil"><img alt="Brazil" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kak%C3%A1" title="Kaká">Kaká</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/A.C._Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Milan">Milan</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%9308_Serie_A" title="2007–08 Serie A">2007–08</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Totti" title="Francesco Totti">Francesco Totti</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/A.S._Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="A.S. Roma">Roma</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2008%E2%80%9309_Serie_A" title="2008–09 Serie A">2008–09</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Del_Piero" title="Alessandro Del Piero">Alessandro Del Piero</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Juventus_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Juventus F.C.">Juventus</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310_Serie_A" title="2009–10 Serie A">2009–10</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Morgan_De_Sanctis" title="Morgan De Sanctis">Morgan De Sanctis</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/S.S.C._Napoli" class="mw-redirect" title="S.S.C. Napoli">Napoli</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2010%E2%80%9311_Serie_A" title="2010–11 Serie A">2010–11</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Di_Natale" title="Antonio Di Natale">Antonio Di Natale</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Udinese_Calcio" title="Udinese Calcio">Udinese</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-dinatale_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dinatale-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2011%E2%80%9312_Serie_A" title="2011–12 Serie A">2011–12</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Pirlo" title="Andrea Pirlo">Andrea Pirlo</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Juventus_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Juventus F.C.">Juventus</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_Serie_A" title="2012–13 Serie A">2012–13</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stephan_El_Shaarawy" title="Stephan El Shaarawy">Stephan El Shaarawy</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/A.C._Milan" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Milan">Milan</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2013%E2%80%9314_Serie_A" title="2013–14 Serie A">2013–14</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Rossi" title="Giuseppe Rossi">Giuseppe Rossi</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/A.C._Fiorentina" class="mw-redirect" title="A.C. Fiorentina">Fiorentina</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2014%E2%80%9315_Serie_A" title="2014–15 Serie A">2014–15</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Acerbi" title="Francesco Acerbi">Francesco Acerbi</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/U.S._Sassuolo_Calcio" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Sassuolo Calcio">Sassuolo</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2015%E2%80%9316_Serie_A" title="2015–16 Serie A">2015–16</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alessandro_Florenzi" title="Alessandro Florenzi">Alessandro Florenzi</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/A.S._Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="A.S. Roma">Roma</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-list_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-list-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/2016%E2%80%9317_Serie_A" title="2016–17 Serie A">2016–17</a></div> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy"><img alt="Italy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/23px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/35px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/45px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Andrea_Belotti" title="Andrea Belotti">Andrea Belotti</a> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Torino_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Torino F.C.">Torino</a></div> </td> <td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallone_d%27Argento&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oscar_del_Calcio" class="mw-redirect" title="Oscar del Calcio">Oscar del Calcio</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallone_d%27Argento&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-dinatale-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dinatale_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dinatale_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131229023131/http://www.legaseriea.it/it/sala-stampa/archivio-dettaglio/-/news/A_DI_NATALE_IL_PALLONE_D_ARGENTO_2011/414123">"A Di Natale il Pallone d'Argento 2011"</a>. <i>Lega Serie A</i> (in Italian). 19 May 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legaseriea.it/it/sala-stampa/archivio-dettaglio/-/news/A_DI_NATALE_IL_PALLONE_D_ARGENTO_2011/414123">the original</a> on 29 December 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Lega+Serie+A&amp;rft.atitle=A+Di+Natale+il+Pallone+d%27Argento+2011&amp;rft.date=2011-05-19&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legaseriea.it%2Fit%2Fsala-stampa%2Farchivio-dettaglio%2F-%2Fnews%2FA_DI_NATALE_IL_PALLONE_D_ARGENTO_2011%2F414123&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallone+d%27Argento" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-list-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-list_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ussi.it/2016/a-florenzi-il-pallone-dargento-coppa-giaime-fiumano/">"A Florenzi il "Pallone d'Argento" Coppa Giaimè Fiumano"</a>. <i>Unione Stampa Sportiva Italiana</i> (in Italian). 8 May 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201222105135/http://ussi.it/2016/a-florenzi-il-pallone-dargento-coppa-giaime-fiumano/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 December 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Unione+Stampa+Sportiva+Italiana&amp;rft.atitle=A+Florenzi+il+%22Pallone+d%27Argento%22+Coppa+Giaim%C3%A8+Fiumano&amp;rft.date=2016-05-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fussi.it%2F2016%2Fa-florenzi-il-pallone-dargento-coppa-giaime-fiumano%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallone+d%27Argento" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219170528/http://www.airc.it/aiutare-la-ricerca/eventi/locali/piemonte-valle-d-aosta/pallone-argento-pirlo/">"Pallone d'argento 2011-12"</a>. <i>AIRC</i> (in Italian). 13 May 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airc.it/aiutare-la-ricerca/eventi/locali/piemonte-valle-d-aosta/pallone-argento-pirlo/">the original</a> on 19 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=AIRC&amp;rft.atitle=Pallone+d%27argento+2011-12&amp;rft.date=2012-05-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airc.it%2Faiutare-la-ricerca%2Feventi%2Flocali%2Fpiemonte-valle-d-aosta%2Fpallone-argento-pirlo%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallone+d%27Argento" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gazzetta.it/Calcio/Squadre/Milan/notizie/10-05-2013/milan-airc-ad-el-shaarawy-pallone-d-argento-20365929185.shtml">"Milan, Airc: ad El Shaarawy il Pallone d'Argento"</a>. <i>La Gazzetta dello Sport</i> (in Italian). 10 May 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=La+Gazzetta+dello+Sport&amp;rft.atitle=Milan%2C+Airc%3A+ad+El+Shaarawy+il+Pallone+d%27Argento&amp;rft.date=2013-05-10&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gazzetta.it%2FCalcio%2FSquadre%2FMilan%2Fnotizie%2F10-05-2013%2Fmilan-airc-ad-el-shaarawy-pallone-d-argento-20365929185.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallone+d%27Argento" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nove.firenze.it/pallone-dargento-a-giuseppe-rossi-durante-fiorentina-vs-torino.htm">"Pallone d'argento a Giuseppe Rossi durante Fiorentina vs Torino"</a>. <i>Nove da Firenze</i> (in Italian). 12 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nove+da+Firenze&amp;rft.atitle=Pallone+d%27argento+a+Giuseppe+Rossi+durante+Fiorentina+vs+Torino&amp;rft.date=2014-05-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nove.firenze.it%2Fpallone-dargento-a-giuseppe-rossi-durante-fiorentina-vs-torino.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallone+d%27Argento" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCastellini2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Castellini, Barbara (26 May 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mondoudinese.it/news-calcio/ussi-pallone-dargento-ad-acerbi/">"Ussi, Pallone d'argento ad Acerbi"</a>. <i>Mondo Udinese</i> (in Italian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mondo+Udinese&amp;rft.atitle=Ussi%2C+Pallone+d%27argento+ad+Acerbi&amp;rft.date=2014-05-26&amp;rft.aulast=Castellini&amp;rft.aufirst=Barbara&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mondoudinese.it%2Fnews-calcio%2Fussi-pallone-dargento-ad-acerbi%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallone+d%27Argento" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tuttosport.com/news/calcio/serie-a/torino/2017/04/24-24812342/pallone_dargento_a_belotti_premiazione_prima_del_match_torino-sassuolo/">"Pallone d'argento a Belotti, premiazione prima del match Torino-Sassuolo"</a> (in Italian). Tuttosport. 24 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pallone+d%27argento+a+Belotti%2C+premiazione+prima+del+match+Torino-Sassuolo&amp;rft.pub=Tuttosport&amp;rft.date=2017-04-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tuttosport.com%2Fnews%2Fcalcio%2Fserie-a%2Ftorino%2F2017%2F04%2F24-24812342%2Fpallone_dargento_a_belotti_premiazione_prima_del_match_torino-sassuolo%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APallone+d%27Argento" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pallone_d%27Argento&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ussi.it/">Unione Stampa Sportiva Italiana official website</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐59ccf9db48‐b2f92 Cached time: 20250104064246 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.415 seconds Real time usage: 0.494 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4392/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40410/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 5905/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 15/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 29656/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.249/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 12456161/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 440.421 1 -total 48.28% 212.655 1 Template:Infobox_sports_award 47.22% 207.951 1 Template:Infobox 32.47% 143.026 1 Template:Native_name 28.19% 124.162 1 Template:Reflist 24.01% 105.752 7 Template:Cite_web 13.85% 61.019 20 Template:Flagicon 12.32% 54.277 54 Template:Center 2.65% 11.681 17 Template:Country_data_ITA 1.91% 8.400 20 Template:Yesno-no --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255796:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250104064246 and revision id 1237855986. 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The New Babylon
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href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%C4%95%D0%BD%C4%95_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Çĕнĕ Вавилон – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çĕнĕ Вавилон" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ny_Babylon" title="Ny Babylon – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ny Babylon" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das_neue_Babylon" title="Das neue Babylon – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Das neue Babylon" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Nouvelle_Babylone" title="La Nouvelle Babylone – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="La Nouvelle Babylone" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_nuova_Babilonia" title="La nuova Babilonia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="La nuova Babilonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_nye_Babylon" title="Det nye Babylon – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det nye Babylon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowy_Babilon" title="Nowy Babilon – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nowy Babilon" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novy_Vavilon" title="Novy Vavilon – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Novy Vavilon" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ya%C3%B1%C4%B1_Vavilon" title="Yañı Vavilon – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Yañı Vavilon" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Новый Вавилон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Новый Вавилон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_New_Babylon" title="The New Babylon – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The New Babylon" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novij_Vavilon" title="Novij Vavilon – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The New Babylon</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB.jpg/220px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="152" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB.jpg/330px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB.jpg/440px-%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82_%D0%BA_%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC%D1%83_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1007" data-file-height="698" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Grigori_Kozintsev" title="Grigori Kozintsev">Grigori Kozintsev</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Leonid_Trauberg" title="Leonid Trauberg">Leonid Trauberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">Grigori Kozintsev<br />Leonid Trauberg<br />P. Bliakin (idea)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yelena_Alexandrovna_Kuzmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Yelena Alexandrovna Kuzmina">Yelena Kuzmina</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Sobolevsky" title="Pyotr Sobolevsky">Pyotr Sobolevsky</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Gerasimov_(film_director)" title="Sergei Gerasimov (film director)">Sergei Gerasimov</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Vsevolod Pudovkin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Zhakov" title="Oleg Zhakov">Oleg Zhakov</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yanina_Zhejmo" title="Yanina Zhejmo">Yanina Zhejmo</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Moskvin" title="Andrei Moskvin">Andrei Moskvin</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yevgeny_Mikhailov" title="Yevgeny Mikhailov">Yevgeny Mikhailov</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Lenfilm" title="Lenfilm">Sovkino</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>18&#160;March&#160;1929<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1929-03-18</span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">German export edit: 125 minutes<sup id="cite_ref-frame_rate_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frame_rate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (ca. 2,900 m)<br /><a href="/wiki/Gosfilmofond" title="Gosfilmofond">Gosfilmofond</a> version: 93 min.<sup id="cite_ref-frame_rate_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frame_rate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (ca. 2,170 m)<br />European export edit: 84 min.<sup id="cite_ref-frame_rate_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frame_rate-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> (ca. 1,900 m)<sup id="cite_ref-censor_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-censor-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">Soviet Union</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Russian</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The New Babylon</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Новый Вавилон</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Novyy Vavilon</i></span> <a href="/wiki/Alternative_title" title="Alternative title">alt. title</a>: <a href="/wiki/Russian_language" title="Russian language">Russian</a>: <span lang="ru">Штурм неба</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Russian" title="Romanization of Russian">romanized</a>:&#160;</small><span title="Russian-language romanization"><i lang="ru-Latn">Shturm neba</i></span>) is a 1929 <a href="/wiki/Silent_film" title="Silent film">silent</a> <a href="/wiki/Historical_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical film">historical</a> drama film written and directed by <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Kozintsev" title="Grigori Kozintsev">Grigori Kozintsev</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Trauberg" title="Leonid Trauberg">Leonid Trauberg</a>. The film deals with the 1871 <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">events leading to it</a>, and follows the encounter and tragic fate of two lovers separated by the barricades of the Commune.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Composer <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a> wrote his first film score for this movie. In the fifth reel of the score he quotes the revolutionary anthem, "<a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a>" (representing the Commune), juxtaposed <a href="/wiki/Counterpoint" title="Counterpoint">contrapuntally</a> with the famous "<a href="/wiki/Can-can" title="Can-can">Can-can</a>" from <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Offenbach" title="Jacques Offenbach">Offenbach</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Orpheus_in_the_Underworld" title="Orpheus in the Underworld">Orpheus in the Underworld</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Footage from <i>The New Babylon</i> was included in <a href="/wiki/Guy_Debord" title="Guy Debord">Guy Debord</a>'s feature film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Society_of_the_Spectacle_(film)" title="The Society of the Spectacle (film)">The Society of the Spectacle</a></i> (1973). </p><p>Kozintsev and Trauberg found some of their inspiration in Karl Marx's <i>The Civil War in France</i><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <i>The Class Struggle in France, 1848–50</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Babylon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As one of the directors, Leonid Trauberg, later admitted, the film as it stands is a little difficult to follow. Its subtitle <i>Assault on the Heavens: Episodes from the Franco-Prussian War and the Paris Commune, 1870–71</i> makes it fairly obvious that it is principally a political film, and not a love story. Some background knowledge of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a> is needed to understand what's going on around the two lovers. As Fiona Ford remarks, "Both <i>New Babylon</i> and <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Eisenstein" title="Sergei Eisenstein">Eisenstein</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/October:_Ten_Days_That_Shook_the_World" title="October: Ten Days That Shook the World">October</a></i> are episodic in structure and require an intimate knowledge of their relevant historical periods (the Paris Commune of 1871 in the case of New Babylon) to better appreciate the directors' intentions and often simply to follow the <a href="/wiki/Diegesis" title="Diegesis">diegesis</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the disastrous <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Franco-Prussian war">Franco-Prussian war</a> of 1870, the victorious <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Army" title="Prussian Army">Prussian forces</a> briefly surrounded Paris, cutting it off from the rest of the country, while a civil war was waged between the right-wing bourgeois-backed government backed by the tattered remains of the defeated <a href="/wiki/French_army" class="mw-redirect" title="French army">French army</a> (caps with a regimental number on a light stripe), and the left-wing workers and their <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(France)" title="National Guard (France)">National Guard</a> (dark caps). One of the scenes in the film features the old bronze cannons of the National Guard, which had been paid for by public subscription. </p><p>The defeated nationalist government fled in disarray to the old royal <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a> some fifteen miles outside Paris. The workers took over large areas of central Paris and organised a Commune under the <a href="/wiki/Red_flag_(politics)" title="Red flag (politics)">red flag</a>, the world's first attempt at communist government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Synopsis">Synopsis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Babylon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Synopsis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The film is set in the spring of 1871 during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a>, immediately after the end of the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a>. Louise is employed as a salesperson in a wholesale store in Paris named "The New Babylon". She is involved in the Commune, against which Jean, a young man from the countryside with no political affiliations, has to fight as a soldier in the army controlled by the French government. Louise and Jean are in love with each other although they are on opposing sides, but their love has no place in a time of political turmoil. At the end of the film, Jean is ordered to dig a grave for Louise, who has been sentenced to death by the court. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Babylon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Arnold Arnold – deputy</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergei_Gerasimov_(film_director)" title="Sergei Gerasimov (film director)">Sergei Gerasimov</a> – journalist Loutro</li> <li>David Gutman – owner of the shop "New Babylon"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleg_Zhakov" title="Oleg Zhakov">Oleg Zhakov</a> – member of the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Commune" title="Paris Commune">Paris Commune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yanina_Zhejmo" title="Yanina Zhejmo">Yanina Zhejmo</a> – milliner Teresa</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrei_Kostrichkin" title="Andrei Kostrichkin">Andrei Kostrichkin</a> – bailiff</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yelena_Alexandrovna_Kuzmina" class="mw-redirect" title="Yelena Alexandrovna Kuzmina">Elena Kuzmina</a> – saleswoman Louise</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofiya_Magarill" title="Sofiya Magarill">Sofiya Magarill</a> – actress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamara_Makarova" title="Tamara Makarova">Tamara Makarova</a> – cancan dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vsevolod_Pudovkin" title="Vsevolod Pudovkin">Vsevolod Pudovkin</a> – bailiff</li> <li>Lyudmila Semyonova – cancan dancer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyotr_Sobolevsky" title="Pyotr Sobolevsky">Pyotr Sobolevsky</a> – soldier Jean</li> <li>Eugene Chervyakov – soldier of the national guard</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Babylon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Production"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>The New Babylon</i> was staged with members of the "Factory of the Eccentric Actor" (FEKS)<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> – an avant-garde artists' association founded by Kozintsev and Trauberg in 1922 that sought to create new paths in the performing arts. FEKS first began as a theater group, but in the following years, many of its members shaped the Russian-Soviet film history when working as actors, outfitters, and cinematographers. They wanted to get away from the naturalism and empathy aesthetics of bourgeois art, and saw <a href="/wiki/Eccentrism" title="Eccentrism">Eccentrism</a> (as laid out in Trauberg's <i>Eccentric Manifesto</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-Manifesto_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manifesto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> as a new direction within the avant-garde that sought to find a place between <a href="/wiki/Futurism" title="Futurism">Futurism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dada" title="Dada">Dadaist</a> <a href="/wiki/Constructivism_(art)" title="Constructivism (art)">Constructivism</a>. </p><p>FEKS were influenced by street art and their cinematic preference was <a href="/wiki/D._W._Griffith" title="D. W. Griffith">D. W. Griffith</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Chaplin" title="Charlie Chaplin">Chaplin</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> not <a href="/wiki/German_expressionism" class="mw-redirect" title="German expressionism">German expressionistic cinema</a> of the early 1920s.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> "Yesterday: salons, obeisances, barons. Today: yells of newsboys, scandals, policeman's truncheon, noise, scream, stomping, running," declared Kosintsev and Trauberg in their <i>Manifesto of the Eccentric Actor</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Manifesto_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manifesto-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like Kosintsev and Trauberg, twenty-two year old <a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a> was a member of the film group of "FEKS", dedicated to the abolition of the borders between theater, film, circus, music hall and opera. In his musical score he used various musical forms: dance and operetta melodies as well as French folk music and revolutionary songs: "<a href="/wiki/%C3%87a_ira" class="mw-redirect" title="Ça ira">Ça ira</a>", "<a href="/wiki/La_Carmagnole" class="mw-redirect" title="La Carmagnole">La Carmagnole</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a>"; it served as a leitmotif for the reactionary bourgeoisie and was used in various forms, such as can-can, waltz or gallop. </p><p>The score, which bears the Opus number 18, was lost shortly after the premiere, and was only discovered again shortly after Shostakovitch's death in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Russian premiere of <i>The New Babylon</i> took place on 18 March 1929 in <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a>. </p><p>The score was of unprecedented complexity, and closely followed the fast cross-cuts of the film. Shostakovich himself performed the original solo piano score for two industry preview screenings. But the <a href="/wiki/Sovkino" class="mw-redirect" title="Sovkino">Sovkino</a> censors ordered over 20% of the film to be removed, and attempts to re-edit the complex orchestral version of the score proved disastrous, with orchestras struggling to perform it. A copy of the piano score, originally intended for smaller cinemas, was rediscovered, and had its first live public performance on 25 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Barbican_Centre" title="Barbican Centre">Barbican Centre</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-London_Symphony_Orchestra_2017_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-London_Symphony_Orchestra_2017-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Babylon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-frame_rate-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-frame_rate_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frame_rate_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-frame_rate_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">At 20 <a href="/wiki/Frame_rate" title="Frame rate">frames per second</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-censor-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-censor_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911003811/http://www.arte.tv/de/film/stummfilm-auf-arte/Stummfilm-auf-ARTE/1356770,CmC=1361092.html">"Im Räderwerk der Filmzensur"</a> (in German). <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">arte</a>. 25 October 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arte.tv/de/film/stummfilm-auf-arte/Stummfilm-auf-ARTE/1356770,CmC=1361092.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Im+R%C3%A4derwerk+der+Filmzensur&amp;rft.pub=arte&amp;rft.date=2006-10-25&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arte.tv%2Fde%2Ffilm%2Fstummfilm-auf-arte%2FStummfilm-auf-ARTE%2F1356770%2CCmC%3D1361092.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJay_Leyda1960" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jay_Leyda" title="Jay Leyda">Jay Leyda</a> (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/kinohistoryofrus00jayl#page/258/mode/2up/"><i>Kino: A History of the Russian and Soviet Film</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen &amp; Unwin">George Allen &amp; Unwin</a>. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">258–</span>260.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Kino%3A+A+History+of+the+Russian+and+Soviet+Film&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E258-%3C%2Fspan%3E260&amp;rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft.au=Jay+Leyda&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fkinohistoryofrus00jayl%23page%2F258%2Fmode%2F2up%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0195pg1">"CD Review, Building a Library: Elgar: Violin Concerto"</a>. <i>BBC</i>. BBC Radio 3. 14 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=BBC&amp;rft.atitle=CD+Review%2C+Building+a+Library%3A+Elgar%3A+Violin+Concerto&amp;rft.date=2012-01-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fb0195pg1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarx1871" class="citation book cs1">Marx, Karl (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1871/civil-war-france/index.htm"><i>The Civil War in France</i></a>. Hosted at Marxists Internet Archive (English&#160;ed.)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Civil+War+in+France&amp;rft.edition=English&amp;rft.date=1871&amp;rft.aulast=Marx&amp;rft.aufirst=Karl&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmarx%2Fworks%2F1871%2Fcivil-war-france%2Findex.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarx" class="citation book cs1">Marx, Karl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1850/class-struggles-france/index.htm"><i>The Class Struggle in France, 1848–50</i></a>. Hosted at Marxists Internet Archive<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Class+Struggle+in+France%2C+1848%E2%80%9350&amp;rft.aulast=Marx&amp;rft.aufirst=Karl&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Farchive%2Fmarx%2Fworks%2F1850%2Fclass-struggles-france%2Findex.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Fitzgerald, Mark (1990) <i>New Babylon: Royal Northern College of Music, 30 June 1990 8.00 pm</i>. Programme notes, p. 7</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFord2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Ford, Fiona (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12271/"><i>The Film Music of Edmund Meisel (1894–1930)</i></a> (PhD thesis). University of Nottingham. p.&#160;183<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&amp;rft.title=The+Film+Music+of+Edmund+Meisel+%281894%E2%80%931930%29&amp;rft.inst=University+of+Nottingham&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.aulast=Ford&amp;rft.aufirst=Fiona&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.nottingham.ac.uk%2F12271%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monoskop.org/FEKS">"FEKS"</a>. <i>Monoskop</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Monoskop&amp;rft.atitle=FEKS&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonoskop.org%2FFEKS&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Manifesto-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Manifesto_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Manifesto_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://monoskop.org/log/?p=13050">"Eccentric Manifesto (1922/1992)"</a>. <i>Monoskop</i>. 27 November 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Monoskop&amp;rft.atitle=Eccentric+Manifesto+%281922%2F1992%29&amp;rft.date=2014-11-27&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmonoskop.org%2Flog%2F%3Fp%3D13050&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span> With downloadable PDF.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">so Taylor S. 148.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Chaplin's bottom is dearer to us than the hand of <a href="/wiki/Eleonora_Duse" title="Eleonora Duse">Eleonora Duse</a>." (cited by Lokke Heiss)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140911002017/http://www.arte.tv/de/zum-film/1356770,CmC=1360192.html">"arte.tv"</a> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.arte.tv/de/zum-film/1356770,CmC=1360192.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=arte.tv&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.arte.tv%2Fde%2Fzum-film%2F1356770%2CCmC%3D1360192.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotekar.ru/kino/25.htm">"bibliotekar.ru"</a> (in Russian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=bibliotekar.ru&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibliotekar.ru%2Fkino%2F25.htm&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheet music examples from Bernatchez, p. 263 ff.: Second musical examples, p. 263 1. Old French song from the 6th film part on "Das neue Babylon" (with text) – Tchaikovsky's Old French song from the album for youth, p 2. Excerpt from Gnessin's gallop, "A Jewish orchestra at the mayor's ball" and excerpt from the second part of the film about "The New Babylon".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-London_Symphony_Orchestra_2017-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-London_Symphony_Orchestra_2017_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lso.co.uk/whats-on/icalrepeat.detail/2017/03/25/700/-/shostakovich-new-babylon.html">"Shostakovich: New Babylon"</a>. <i>London Symphony Orchestra</i>. 25 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=London+Symphony+Orchestra&amp;rft.atitle=Shostakovich%3A+New+Babylon&amp;rft.date=2017-03-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flso.co.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Ficalrepeat.detail%2F2017%2F03%2F25%2F700%2F-%2Fshostakovich-new-babylon.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Babylon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoutenTaylorUniversity_of_Bristol._Library._Richard_Taylor_Russian_Film_Collection1989" class="citation book cs1">Houten, Theodore van; Taylor, Richard; University of Bristol. Library. Richard Taylor Russian Film Collection (1989). <i>Leonid Trauberg and his films&#160;: always the unexpected</i>. 's-Hertogenbosch [Netherlands]: Art &amp; Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-72058-03-8" title="Special:BookSources/90-72058-03-8"><bdi>90-72058-03-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/20309235">20309235</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Leonid+Trauberg+and+his+films+%3A+always+the+unexpected&amp;rft.place=%27s-Hertogenbosch+%5BNetherlands%5D&amp;rft.pub=Art+%26+Research&amp;rft.date=1989&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F20309235&amp;rft.isbn=90-72058-03-8&amp;rft.aulast=Houten&amp;rft.aufirst=Theodore+van&amp;rft.au=Taylor%2C+Richard&amp;rft.au=University+of+Bristol.+Library.+Richard+Taylor+Russian+Film+Collection&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHouten1991" class="citation book cs1">Houten, Theodore van (1991). <i><span></span>'Eisenstein was great eater'&#160;: in memory of Leonid Trauberg</i>. 's-Hertogenbosch [Netherlands]: Art &amp; Research. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-72058-07-0" title="Special:BookSources/90-72058-07-0"><bdi>90-72058-07-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/24552753">24552753</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=%27Eisenstein+was+great+eater%27+%3A+in+memory+of+Leonid+Trauberg&amp;rft.place=%27s-Hertogenbosch+%5BNetherlands%5D&amp;rft.pub=Art+%26+Research&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F24552753&amp;rft.isbn=90-72058-07-0&amp;rft.aulast=Houten&amp;rft.aufirst=Theodore+van&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPytel1999" class="citation book cs1">Pytel, Marek (1999). <i>New Babylon: Trauberg, Kozintsev, Shostakovich</i>. London: Eccentric Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=New+Babylon%3A+Trauberg%2C+Kozintsev%2C+Shostakovich&amp;rft.place=London&amp;rft.pub=Eccentric+Press&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.aulast=Pytel&amp;rft.aufirst=Marek&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitus2016" class="citation book cs1">Titus, Joan (1 April 2016). "New Babylon (1928–1929) and Scoring for the Silent Film". <i>The Early Film Music of Dmitry Shostakovich</i>. Oxford University Press. pp.&#160;<span class="nowrap">15–</span>41. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199315147.003.0002">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199315147.003.0002</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-931514-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-931514-7"><bdi>978-0-19-931514-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=New+Babylon+%281928%E2%80%931929%29+and+Scoring+for+the+Silent+Film&amp;rft.btitle=The+Early+Film+Music+of+Dmitry+Shostakovich&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=2016-04-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facprof%3Aoso%2F9780199315147.003.0002&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-19-931514-7&amp;rft.aulast=Titus&amp;rft.aufirst=Joan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_L._Hanson2000" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Stephen L. Hanson (2000). "Novyy Vavilon". In Tom Pendergast; Sara Pendergast (eds.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/internationaldic0000unse_i4g6"><i>International Dictionary of Films and Filmmakers</i></a></span>. Vol.&#160;1: Films (fourth&#160;ed.). London etc.: St. James Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-450-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55862-450-4"><bdi>978-1-55862-450-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.atitle=Novyy+Vavilon&amp;rft.btitle=International+Dictionary+of+Films+and+Filmmakers&amp;rft.place=London+etc.&amp;rft.edition=fourth&amp;rft.pub=St.+James+Press&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.isbn=978-1-55862-450-4&amp;rft.au=Stephen+L.+Hanson&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Finternationaldic0000unse_i4g6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincent_Canby1983" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vincent_Canby" title="Vincent Canby">Vincent Canby</a> (3 October 1983). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/review?_r=2&amp;res=9D00E5DA163BF930A35753C1A965948260&amp;pagewanted=print">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'New Babylon,' Silent Russian Classic"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=%27New+Babylon%2C%27+Silent+Russian+Classic&amp;rft.date=1983-10-03&amp;rft.au=Vincent+Canby&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2Freview%3F_r%3D2%26res%3D9D00E5DA163BF930A35753C1A965948260%26pagewanted%3Dprint&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_New_Babylon&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-new-babylon_1929">The New Babylon</a></i> is available for free viewing and download at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0020230/"><i>The New Babylon</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacques_Poitrat2006" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Jacques Poitrat, ed. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://festival.aneres.free.fr/AvantPremiereARTE/Octobre2006_La_Nouvelle_Babylone.pdf">"Новый Вавилон"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">arte</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD&amp;rft.pub=arte&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffestival.aneres.free.fr%2FAvantPremiereARTE%2FOctobre2006_La_Nouvelle_Babylone.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+New+Babylon" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Template:Dmitri Shostakovich"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Template talk:Dmitri Shostakovich"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Dmitri Shostakovich"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dmitri_Shostakovich" class="fn" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="Dmitri Shostakovich">Dmitri Shostakovich</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_compositions_by_Dmitri_Shostakovich" title="List of compositions by Dmitri Shostakovich">List of compositions</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Operas and operettas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nose_(opera)" title="The Nose (opera)">The Nose</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Macbeth_of_Mtsensk_(opera)" title="Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk (opera)"><i>Lady Macbeth of the Mtsensk District</i>/<i>Katerina Izmailova</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Big_Lightning" title="The Big Lightning">The Big Lightning</a></i> (unfinished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orango_(Shostakovich)" title="Orango (Shostakovich)">Orango</a></i> (unfinished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Chairs_(Shostakovich)" title="The Twelve Chairs (Shostakovich)">The Twelve Chairs</a></i> (unfinished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Katyusha_Maslova" title="Katyusha Maslova">Katyusha Maslova</a></i> (unfinished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gamblers_(Shostakovich)" title="The Gamblers (Shostakovich)">The Gamblers</a></i> (unfinished)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Moscow,_Cheryomushki" title="Moscow, Cheryomushki">Moscow, Cheryomushki</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Ballets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Age_(Shostakovich)" title="The Golden Age (Shostakovich)">The Golden Age</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bolt_(Shostakovich)" title="The Bolt (Shostakovich)">The Bolt</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Limpid_Stream" title="The Limpid Stream">The Limpid Stream</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Symphonies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 1 (Shostakovich)">No. 1 in F minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 2 (Shostakovich)">No. 2 in B major</a> (<i>To October</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Shostakovich)">No. 3 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major</a> (<i>The First of May</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._4_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 4 (Shostakovich)">No. 4 in C minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._5_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 5 (Shostakovich)">No. 5 in D minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._6_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 6 (Shostakovich)">No. 6 in B minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._7_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 7 (Shostakovich)">No. 7 in C major</a> (<i>Leningrad</i>) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leningrad_premi%C3%A8re_of_Shostakovich%27s_Symphony_No._7" title="Leningrad première of Shostakovich&#39;s Symphony No. 7">Leningrad première</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_premieres_of_Dmitri_Shostakovich%27s_Symphony_No._7" title="American premieres of Dmitri Shostakovich&#39;s Symphony No. 7">American premieres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._8_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 8 (Shostakovich)">No. 8 in C minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._9_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 9 (Shostakovich)">No. 9 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._10_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 10 (Shostakovich)">No. 10 in E minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._11_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 11 (Shostakovich)">No. 11 in G minor</a> (<i>The Year 1905</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._12_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 12 (Shostakovich)">No. 12 in D minor</a> (<i>The Year 1917</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._13_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 13 (Shostakovich)">No. 13 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> minor</a> (<i>Babi Yar</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._14_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 14 (Shostakovich)">No. 14 in G minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._15_(Shostakovich)" title="Symphony No. 15 (Shostakovich)">No. 15 in A major</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Concertos</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Piano</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Concerto No. 1 (Shostakovich)">No. 1 in C minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)">No. 2 in F major</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Violin</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="Violin Concerto No. 1 (Shostakovich)">No. 1 in A minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Violin Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)">No. 2 in C<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span> minor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Cello</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cello_Concerto_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="Cello Concerto No. 1 (Shostakovich)">No. 1 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cello_Concerto_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Cello Concerto No. 2 (Shostakovich)">No. 2 in G major</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Orchestral works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tahiti_Trot" title="Tahiti Trot">Tahiti Trot</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Age_(Shostakovich)" title="The Golden Age (Shostakovich)">Suite from <i>The Golden Age</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bolt_(Shostakovich)" title="The Bolt (Shostakovich)">Suite from <i>The Bolt</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Limpid_Stream" title="The Limpid Stream">Suite from <i>The Limpid Stream</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Fragments" title="Five Fragments">Five Fragments</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scherzo_in_F-sharp_minor_(Shostakovich)" title="Scherzo in F-sharp minor (Shostakovich)">Scherzo</a> (1922)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite_for_Jazz_Orchestra_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1 (Shostakovich)">Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite_for_Jazz_Orchestra_No._2" title="Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 2">Suite for Jazz Orchestra No. 2</a> (orch. McBurney)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suite_for_Variety_Orchestra_No._1" title="Suite for Variety Orchestra No. 1">Suite for Variety Orchestra No. 1</a> (arr. Atovmyan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Festive_Overture" title="Festive Overture">Festive Overture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_at_the_Elbe" title="Encounter at the Elbe">Suite from <i>Encounter at the Elbe</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gadfly_Suite" title="The Gadfly Suite">Suite from <i>The Gadfly</i></a> (arr. Atovmyan)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Novorossiysk_Chimes" title="Novorossiysk Chimes">Novorossiisk Chimes, the Flame of Eternal Glory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/October_(Shostakovich)" title="October (Shostakovich)">October</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Intervision_(Shostakovich)" title="Intervision (Shostakovich)">Intervision</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Concert/brass band</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/March_of_the_Soviet_Militia" title="March of the Soviet Militia">March of the Soviet Militia</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Film music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New Babylon</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alone_(1931_Soviet_film)" title="Alone (1931 Soviet film)">Alone</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Golden_Mountains_(film)" title="Golden Mountains (film)">Golden Mountains</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Counterplan_(film)" title="Counterplan (film)">Counterplan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tale_of_the_Priest_and_of_His_Workman_Balda_(film)" title="The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda (film)">The Tale of the Priest and of His Workman Balda</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Youth_of_Maxim" title="The Youth of Maxim">The Youth of Maxim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Girl_Friends_(1936_film)" title="Girl Friends (1936 film)">Girl Friends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Maxim" title="The Return of Maxim">The Return of Maxim</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vyborg_Side" title="The Vyborg Side">The Vyborg Side</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Friends_(1938_film)" title="Friends (1938 film)">Friends</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Citizen" title="The Great Citizen">The Great Citizen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Zoya_(1944_film)" title="Zoya (1944 film)">Zoya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simple_People" title="Simple People">Simple People</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Guard_(film)" title="The Young Guard (film)">The Young Guard</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirogov_(film)" title="Pirogov (film)">Pirogov</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Michurin_(film)" title="Michurin (film)">Michurin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Encounter_at_the_Elbe" title="Encounter at the Elbe">Meeting on the Elbe</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Berlin_(film)" title="The Fall of Berlin (film)">The Fall of Berlin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belinsky_(film)" title="Belinsky (film)">Belinsky</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Unforgettable_Year_1919_(Shostakovich)" title="The Unforgettable Year 1919 (Shostakovich)">The Unforgettable Year 1919</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gadfly_(1955_film)" title="The Gadfly (1955 film)">The Gadfly</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Five_Days,_Five_Nights_(1960_film)" title="Five Days, Five Nights (1960 film)">Five Days, Five Nights</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sofiya_Perovskaya_(film)" title="Sofiya Perovskaya (film)">Sofiya Perovskaya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1964_film)" title="Hamlet (1964 film)">Hamlet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear_(Shostakovich_film_score)" title="King Lear (Shostakovich film score)">King Lear</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gogoliad" title="Gogoliad">Gogoliad</a></i> (unfinished)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Vocal music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_on_Finnish_Themes" title="Suite on Finnish Themes">Suite on Finnish Themes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Song_of_the_Forests" title="Song of the Forests">Song of the Forests</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sun_Shines_Over_Our_Motherland" title="The Sun Shines Over Our Motherland">The Sun Shines Over Our Motherland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Antiformalist_Rayok" title="Antiformalist Rayok">Antiformalist Rayok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/From_Jewish_Folk_Poetry" title="From Jewish Folk Poetry">From Jewish Folk Poetry</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Execution_of_Stepan_Razin" title="The Execution of Stepan Razin">The Execution of Stepan Razin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seven_Romances_on_Poems_by_Alexander_Blok" title="Seven Romances on Poems by Alexander Blok">Seven Romances on Poems by Alexander Blok</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Loyalty_(Shostakovich)" title="Loyalty (Shostakovich)">Loyalty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Six_Poems_by_Marina_Tsvetayeva" title="Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva">Six Poems by Marina Tsvetayeva</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suite_on_Verses_of_Michelangelo_Buonarroti" title="Suite on Verses of Michelangelo Buonarroti">Suite on Verses of Michelangelo Buonarroti</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Four_Verses_of_Captain_Lebyadkin" title="Four Verses of Captain Lebyadkin">Four Verses of Captain Lebyadkin</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Chamber music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks vcard navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">String<br />quartets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 1 (Shostakovich)">No. 1 in C major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 2 (Shostakovich)">No. 2 in A major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._3_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 3 (Shostakovich)">No. 3 in F major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._4_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 4 (Shostakovich)">No. 4 in D major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._5_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 5 (Shostakovich)">No. 5 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._6_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 6 (Shostakovich)">No. 6 in G major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._7_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 7 (Shostakovich)">No. 7 in F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span> minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._8_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 8 (Shostakovich)">No. 8 in C minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._9_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 9 (Shostakovich)">No. 9 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._10_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 10 (Shostakovich)">No. 10 in A<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._11_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 11 (Shostakovich)">No. 11 in F minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._12_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 12 (Shostakovich)">No. 12 in D<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._13_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 13 (Shostakovich)">No. 13 in B<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._14_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 14 (Shostakovich)">No. 14 in F<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-sharp">&#x266f;</span></span> major</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._15_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 15 (Shostakovich)">No. 15 in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/String_Quartet_No._16_(Shostakovich)" title="String Quartet No. 16 (Shostakovich)">No. 16 in B major</a> (unrealized)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cello_Sonata_(Shostakovich)" title="Cello Sonata (Shostakovich)">Cello Sonata in D minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Quintet_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Quintet (Shostakovich)">Piano Quintet in G minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._1_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Trio No. 1 (Shostakovich)">Piano Trio No. 1 in C minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Trio_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Trio No. 2 (Shostakovich)">Piano Trio No. 2 in E minor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartet_Movement_in_E-flat_major_(Shostakovich)" title="Quartet Movement in E-flat major (Shostakovich)">Quartet Movement in E<span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="music-flat">&#x266d;</span></span> major (c. 1960s)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violin_Sonata_(Shostakovich)" title="Violin Sonata (Shostakovich)">Violin Sonata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viola_Sonata_(Shostakovich)" title="Viola Sonata (Shostakovich)">Viola Sonata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Piano music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Fantastic_Dances" title="Three Fantastic Dances">Three Fantastic Dances</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Preludes_(Shostakovich)" title="24 Preludes (Shostakovich)">24 Preludes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piano_Sonata_No._2_(Shostakovich)" title="Piano Sonata No. 2 (Shostakovich)">Piano Sonata No. 2 in B minor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Notebook" title="Children&#39;s Notebook">Children's Notebook</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Preludes_and_Fugues_(Shostakovich)" title="24 Preludes and Fugues (Shostakovich)">24 Preludes and Fugues</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galina_Shostakovich" title="Galina Shostakovich">Galina Shostakovich</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maxim_Shostakovich" title="Maxim Shostakovich">Maxim Shostakovich</a> (son)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Named for Shostakovich</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmitri_Shostakovich-class_ferry" title="Dmitri Shostakovich-class ferry">Dmitri Shostakovich-class ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg_Philharmonia" title="Saint Petersburg Philharmonia">Saint Petersburg Academic Philharmonia Named After D. D. Shostakovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2669_Shostakovich" class="mw-redirect" title="2669 Shostakovich">2669 Shostakovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Shostakovich_Chamber_Music_Competition" title="International Shostakovich Chamber Music Competition">International Shostakovich Chamber Music Competition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Shostakovich_Orchestra" title="London Shostakovich Orchestra">London Shostakovich Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shostakovich_(paintings)" title="Shostakovich (paintings)"><i>Shostakovich</i> (1969–1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shostakovich_Peninsula" title="Shostakovich Peninsula">Shostakovich Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shostakovich_Quartet" title="Shostakovich Quartet">Shostakovich Quartet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:center;">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Concerto_DSCH" title="Concerto DSCH">Concerto DSCH</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DSCH_motif" title="DSCH motif">DSCH motif</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Europe_Central" title="Europe Central">Europe Central</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ian_MacDonald" title="Ian MacDonald">Ian MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muddle_Instead_of_Music" title="Muddle Instead of Music">Muddle Instead of Music</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Noise_of_Time" title="The Noise of Time">The Noise of Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shostakovich_v._Twentieth_Century-Fox_Film_Corp." title="Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox Film Corp.">Shostakovich v. Twentieth Century-Fox</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Volkov" title="Solomon Volkov">Solomon Volkov</a> <ul><li><i>Testimony</i>: <a href="/wiki/Testimony_(Volkov_book)" title="Testimony (Volkov book)">book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testimony_(1988_film)" title="Testimony (1988 film)">film</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_Symphonies:_Shostakovich_Against_Stalin" title="The War Symphonies: Shostakovich Against Stalin">The War Symphonies: Shostakovich Against Stalin</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wihuri_Sibelius_Prize" title="Wihuri Sibelius Prize">Wihuri Sibelius Prize</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Grigori_Kozintsev" title="Template:Grigori Kozintsev"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Grigori_Kozintsev" title="Template talk:Grigori Kozintsev"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Grigori_Kozintsev" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Grigori Kozintsev"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Grigori_Kozintsev" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/Grigori_Kozintsev" title="Grigori Kozintsev">Grigori Kozintsev</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Oktyabrina" title="The Adventures of Oktyabrina">The Adventures of Oktyabrina</a></i> (1924)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mishki_versus_Yudenich" title="Mishki versus Yudenich">Mishki versus Yudenich</a></i> (1925)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Wheel" title="The Devil&#39;s Wheel">The Devil's Wheel</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Overcoat_(1926_film)" title="The Overcoat (1926 film)">The Overcoat</a></i> (1926)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Club_of_the_Big_Deed" title="The Club of the Big Deed">The Club of the Big Deed</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Little_Brother_(1927_film)" title="Little Brother (1927 film)">Little Brother</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The New Babylon</a></i> (1929)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alone_(1931_Soviet_film)" title="Alone (1931 Soviet film)">Alone</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Youth_of_Maxim" title="The Youth of Maxim">The Youth of Maxim</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_Maxim" title="The Return of Maxim">The Return of Maxim</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vyborg_Side" title="The Vyborg Side">The Vyborg Side</a></i> (1938)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Young_Fritz" title="The Young Fritz">The Young Fritz</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simple_People" title="Simple People">Simple People</a></i> (1946)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pirogov_(film)" title="Pirogov (film)">Pirogov</a></i> (1947)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Belinsky_(film)" title="Belinsky (film)">Belinsky</a></i> (1953)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Don_Quixote_(1957_film)" title="Don Quixote (1957 film)">Don Quixote</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1964_film)" title="Hamlet (1964 film)">Hamlet</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/King_Lear_(1971_USSR_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="King Lear (1971 USSR film)">King Lear</a></i> (1971)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> 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Pete Childs
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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American baseball player (1871–1922)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Baseball player</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member-header{background:#3d0001}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ib-baseball-bio-member[style*="background"]{background:#0c0a6b!important}}</style><table class="infobox ib-baseball-bio vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><span class="note">Pete Childs</span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Pete_Childs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b6/Pete_Childs.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="270" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b><a href="/wiki/Second_Baseman" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Baseman">Second Baseman</a></b></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Born:</b> <span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1871-11-15</span>)</span>November 15, 1871<br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Died:</b> February 15, 1922<span style="display:none">(1922-02-15)</span> (aged&#160;50)<br /><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Philadelphia, Pennsylvania">Philadelphia, Pennsylvania</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-baseball-bio-batsthrows"><div><b>Batted:</b> Unknown</div><div><b>Threw:</b> Right</div></div></td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">MLB debut</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">April 24,&#160;1901,&#160;for the&#160;<a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a></td></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Last MLB appearance</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">October 3,&#160;1902,&#160;for the&#160;<a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">MLB statistics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Batting_average_(baseball)" title="Batting average (baseball)">Batting average</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">.212</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Home_run" title="Home run">Home runs</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">0</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:right; width:50%; padding-right:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Run_batted_in" title="Run batted in">Runs batted in</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;">47</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="width:50%; padding-left:0.5em;"><b><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/childpe01.shtml">Stats</a> at <a href="/wiki/Baseball_Reference" title="Baseball Reference">Baseball Reference</a></b>&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7171894#P1825" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#000000;"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Teams</th></tr><tr class="ib-baseball-bio-teams"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a> (<a href="/wiki/1901_in_baseball" title="1901 in baseball">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Orphans</a> (<a href="/wiki/1901_in_baseball" title="1901 in baseball">1901</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a> (<a href="/wiki/1902_in_baseball" title="1902 in baseball">1902</a>)</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Peter Pierre Childs</b> (November 15, 1871 – February 15, 1922) was an <a href="/wiki/Infielder" title="Infielder">infielder</a> in <a href="/wiki/Major_League_Baseball" title="Major League Baseball">Major League Baseball</a> in 1901 and 1902. He played for the <a href="/wiki/St._Louis_Cardinals" title="St. Louis Cardinals">St. Louis Cardinals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Cubs" title="Chicago Cubs">Chicago Orphans</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Phillies" title="Philadelphia Phillies">Philadelphia Phillies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-br_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-br-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Childs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-br-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-br_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/c/childpe01.shtml">"Pete Childs"</a>. baseball-reference.com. October 30, 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 2,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pete+Childs&amp;rft.pub=baseball-reference.com&amp;rft.date=2008-10-30&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baseball-reference.com%2Fc%2Fchildpe01.shtml&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APete+Childs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pete_Childs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Career statistics from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/players/c/childpe01.shtml">Baseball Reference</a>, or&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baseball-reference.com/minors/player.cgi?id=childs001geo">Baseball Reference (Minors)</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baseball_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon 1" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Baseball_%28crop%29.jpg/25px-Baseball_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Baseball_%28crop%29.jpg/38px-Baseball_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1e/Baseball_%28crop%29.jpg/50px-Baseball_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1697" data-file-height="1644" /></a></span> <span style="vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Flag of United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span><span style="margin-left:-30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Biography icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/30px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/45px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c2/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png/60px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager_2.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="170" /></a></span></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This biographical article relating to an American baseball second baseman is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Neale Burgess
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searchaux" style="display:none">Australian politician</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Neale Burgess</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-weight: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">MP</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">Member of the <span style="display: inline-block;"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Victorian Legislative Assembly</a></span><br />for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Hastings" title="Electoral district of Hastings">Hastings</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />25 November 2006&#160;–&#32;26 November 2022</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rosy_Buchanan" title="Rosy Buchanan">Rosy Buchanan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mercurio" title="Paul Mercurio">Paul Mercurio</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1956-08-17</span>) </span>17 August 1956<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;68)</span><br /><a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_(Victorian_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division)">Liberal Party</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Barrister, technology consultant</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nealeburgess.com.au/">nealeburgess.com.au/</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Neale Ronald Burgess</b> (born 17 August 1956) is an Australian politician. He was a <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_of_Australia_(Victorian_Division)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal Party of Australia (Victorian Division)">Liberal Party</a> member of the <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Victorian Legislative Assembly</a> from 2006 to 2022, representing the electorate of <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Hastings" title="Electoral district of Hastings">Hastings</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Political_career">Political career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neale_Burgess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Political career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burgess first ran as the Liberal Party candidate for Hastings in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Victorian_state_election" title="2002 Victorian state election">2002 Victorian state election</a> but lost the seat in the Labor ‘Brackslide’ to Labor’s <a href="/wiki/Rosy_Buchanan" title="Rosy Buchanan">Rosy Buchanan</a>. Burgess ran again for the Liberals at the <a href="/wiki/2006_Victorian_state_election" title="2006 Victorian state election">2006 state election</a>, and succeeded in winning back the traditionally conservative district for the Liberal Party. He later held the seat at the 2010, 2014 and 2018 state elections. </p><p>Burgess voted against the <i>Abortion Law Reform Bill 2008</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and later voted for banning anti-abortion protesters from protesting outside abortion clinics.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In May 2018, he revealed he had changed his mind on the issue and now opposed buffer zones.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2022, Burgess received a parliamentary suspension following several allegations of inappropriate behaviour beginning in November 2021. Burgess strongly denies the allegations.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 2021, Burgess announced he would not recontest <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Hastings" title="Electoral district of Hastings">Hastings</a> at the <a href="/wiki/2022_Victorian_state_election" title="2022 Victorian state election">2022 state election</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was succeeded by Labor's <a href="/wiki/Paul_Mercurio" title="Paul Mercurio">Paul Mercurio</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neale_Burgess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Burgess was born in <a href="/wiki/Melbourne" title="Melbourne">Melbourne</a> and grew up in <a href="/wiki/Tocumwal" title="Tocumwal">Tocumwal</a>. He is the father of three children.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 1994, Burgess completed a Bachelor of Laws (with Honours) at the <a href="/wiki/Queensland_University_of_Technology" title="Queensland University of Technology">Queensland University of Technology</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and was later admitted to the Bar.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He worked for a number of years as a criminal law barrister.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He operated a technology consulting business before entering politics.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neale_Burgess&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190303084118/http://lifevote.org.au/politician.php?id=11&amp;area=Victoria">"Life Vote"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lifevote.org.au/politician.php?id=11&amp;area=Victoria">the original</a> on 3 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Life+Vote&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lifevote.org.au%2Fpolitician.php%3Fid%3D11%26area%3DVictoria&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeale+Burgess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollier" class="citation web cs1">Collier, Mary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://righttolife.com.au/resources/article-archive/176-who-voted-for-against-buffer-zone-bill-house-of-assembly">"How your Vic MLAs voted on"</a>. <i>Righttolife.com.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Neale+Burgess+%28Hastings%29&amp;rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Felections%2Fvic-election-2018%2Fguide%2Fhast%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeale+Burgess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/vic-election-2018/guide/hast/">"Neale Burgess (Hastings)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">Australian Broadcasting Corporation</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Neale+Burgess+%28Hastings%29&amp;rft.pub=Australian+Broadcasting+Corporation&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2Felections%2Fvic-election-2018%2Fguide%2Fhast%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANeale+Burgess" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cccccc"><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Legislative_Assembly" title="Victorian Legislative Assembly">Victorian Legislative Assembly</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Rosy_Buchanan" title="Rosy Buchanan">Rosy Buchanan</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Member for <a href="/wiki/Electoral_district_of_Hastings" title="Electoral district of Hastings">Hastings</a> </b><br />2006–2022 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mercurio" title="Paul Mercurio">Paul Mercurio</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐rkhvx Cached time: 20241228182459 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.402 seconds Real time usage: 0.516 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 8634/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 30212/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3519/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 16/100 Expensive parser function count: 5/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 41166/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.206/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 7585588/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 491.205 1 -total 44.40% 218.113 1 Template:Infobox_officeholder 24.85% 122.081 1 Template:Reflist 21.62% 106.195 11 Template:Cite_web 18.97% 93.175 1 Template:Short_description 17.83% 87.586 17 Template:Infobox_officeholder/office 9.61% 47.203 9 Template:Main_other 9.21% 45.263 2 Template:Pagetype 9.16% 44.998 1 Template:Birth_date_and_age 7.07% 34.718 1 Template:SDcat --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255897:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228182459 and revision id 1219527164. 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Harry Atkinson (RAF officer)
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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">RAF officer</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%; background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><div style="display:inline-block" class="fn">Richard Atkinson</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa;; line-height: 1.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Group_Captain_Richard_Atkinson.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Group_Captain_Richard_Atkinson.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="117" data-file-height="156" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="font-size: 100%">Air Commodore Harry Atkinson</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Nickname(s)</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Harry</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Service <wbr />/ branch</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Rank</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_Commodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Commodore">Air Commodore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Commands</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Air_Officer_Scotland" title="Air Officer Scotland">Air Officer Scotland</a> (2009–11)<br /><a href="/wiki/RAF_Leuchars" title="RAF Leuchars">RAF Leuchars</a> (2009–11)<br /><a href="/wiki/No._25_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 25 Squadron RAF">No. 25 (Fighter) Squadron</a> (2003–05)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Battles / wars</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right: 1em">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Air_Commodore" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Commodore">Air Commodore</a> <b>Richard John Atkinson</b>, <span class="nobold noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:;"><span style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">CBE</a></span></span> (born c. 1964), is a senior <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> officer and former <a href="/wiki/Air_Officer_Scotland" title="Air Officer Scotland">Air Officer Scotland</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="RAF_career">RAF career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Atkinson_(RAF_officer)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: RAF career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Atkinson joined the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was appointed Officer Commanding <a href="/wiki/No._25_Squadron_RAF" title="No. 25 Squadron RAF">No. 25 (Fighter) Squadron</a> at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Leeming" title="RAF Leeming">RAF Leeming</a> in 2003, Deputy Director, Strategic Planning in the <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defence_(United_Kingdom)" title="Ministry of Defence (United Kingdom)">Ministry of Defence</a> in 2005 and was then deployed as Deputy Director, Air Control Element, Headquarters <a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-bio_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bio-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He became Officer Commanding <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_Air_Wing" title="Expeditionary Air Wing">No 125 Expeditionary Air Wing</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Air_Officer_Scotland" title="Air Officer Scotland">Air Officer Scotland</a> and Station Commander <a href="/wiki/RAF_Leuchars" title="RAF Leuchars">RAF Leuchars</a> in 2009 and, in that role, led the transformation of RAF Leuchars from being a Tornado base into a Typhoon base before retiring in 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Atkinson was appointed <a href="/wiki/Commander_of_the_Order_of_the_British_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Commander of the Order of the British Empire">Commander of the Order of the British Empire</a> (CBE) in the <a href="/wiki/2012_New_Year_Honours" title="2012 New Year Honours">2012 New Year Honours</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After retiring from the RAF, he became Director of Marketing And Communication at the <a href="/wiki/Chartered_Institute_of_Logistics_and_Transport_in_the_UK" title="Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport in the UK">Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Harry_Atkinson_(RAF_officer)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bio-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bio_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101222010100/http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafleuchars/aboutus/stationcommander.cfm">"RAF Leuchars: Station Commander"</a>. RAF. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafleuchars/aboutus/stationcommander.cfm">the original</a> on 22 December 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.raf.mod.uk/rafcms/mediafiles/4EFACB45_1143_EC82_2ECB7D6CB7A4A842.doc">the original</a> on 18 April 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 December</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Air+Rank+Appointments+List&amp;rft.pub=Royal+Air+Force&amp;rft.date=2009-09-01&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raf.mod.uk%2Frafcms%2Fmediafiles%2F4EFACB45_1143_EC82_2ECB7D6CB7A4A842.doc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Atkinson+%28RAF+officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette60009" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/60009/supplement/6">"No. 60009"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i> (Supplement). 31 December 2011. p.&#160;6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&amp;rft.atitle=No.+60009&amp;rft.pages=6&amp;rft.date=2011-12-31&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F60009%2Fsupplement%2F6&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Atkinson+%28RAF+officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ciltuk.org.uk/Events/Event-Details/dateid/3529">"Fit to Drive and Stay Alive: Safeguarding our Most Valuable Asset"</a>. 6 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fit+to+Drive+and+Stay+Alive%3A+Safeguarding+our+Most+Valuable+Asset&amp;rft.date=2018-11-06&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciltuk.org.uk%2FEvents%2FEvent-Details%2Fdateid%2F3529&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHarry+Atkinson+%28RAF+officer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #CF9C65;">Military offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Ian Morrison</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Deputy Director – Air Control Element<br /><a href="/wiki/International_Security_Assistance_Force" title="International Security Assistance Force">International Security Assistance Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Kabul" title="Kabul">Kabul</a> </b><br />2008–2009 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">I D Teakle</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Clive_Bairsto" title="Clive Bairsto">Clive Bairsto</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Station Commander <a href="/wiki/RAF_Leuchars" title="RAF Leuchars">RAF Leuchars</a> </b><br />2009–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gavin_Parker" title="Gavin Parker">Gavin Parker</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Clive Bairsto</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> Officer Commanding <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_Air_Wing" title="Expeditionary Air Wing">No. 125 Expeditionary Air Wing</a> </b><br />2009–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Post disbanded</div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Clive Bairsto</div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Air_Officer_Scotland" title="Air Officer Scotland">Air Officer Scotland</a> </b><br />2009–2011 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded&#160;by<div style="font-weight: bold">Gavin Parker</div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐69c974fc68‐xgdsv Cached time: 20241228171218 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.264 seconds Real time usage: 0.661 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3552/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19248/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3567/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 15838/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.133/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6226289/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 405.175 1 -total 29.96% 121.396 1 Template:Short_description 27.64% 112.009 1 Template:Reflist 23.69% 95.982 18 Template:Main_other 19.64% 79.588 3 Template:Cite_web 16.47% 66.729 1 Template:Infobox_military_person 15.79% 63.983 1 Template:SDcat 14.98% 60.702 1 Template:Infobox 10.81% 43.808 2 Template:Pagetype 7.03% 28.484 4 Template:S-bef --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22255836:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228171218 and revision id 1226310146. 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Michael Gross (editor)
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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p><b>Michael Gross</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Television" title="Television">television</a> <a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">editor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">writer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Television_producer" title="Television producer">producer</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Television_director" title="Television director">director</a>. He lives and works in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. He has worked on a number of television programs, including <i><a href="/wiki/Bill_Nye_the_Science_Guy" title="Bill Nye the Science Guy">Bill Nye the Science Guy</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Beakman%27s_World" title="Beakman&#39;s World">Beakman's World</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Divas" class="mw-redirect" title="Adventure Divas">Adventure Divas</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Bands_Reunited" title="Bands Reunited">Bands Reunited</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Gross has won nine <a href="/wiki/Daytime_Emmy_Awards" title="Daytime Emmy Awards">Daytime Emmy Awards</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Gross_(editor)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tv.yahoo.com/michael-gross/contributor/470140">"Michael Gross profile at Yahoo TV"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 April</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Michael+Gross+profile+at+Yahoo+TV&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftv.yahoo.com%2Fmichael-gross%2Fcontributor%2F470140&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Gross+%28editor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/michael-gross-1b04314">"Michael Gross"</a>. <i>LinkedIn</i>. LinkedIn<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 June</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=LinkedIn&amp;rft.atitle=Michael+Gross&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fmichael-gross-1b04314&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMichael+Gross+%28editor%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Filmreel-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Filmreel-icon.svg/30px-Filmreel-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Filmreel-icon.svg/45px-Filmreel-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Filmreel-icon.svg/60px-Filmreel-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about an American film editor is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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The Children Thief
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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The Children Thief</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Chalonge" title="Christian de Chalonge">Christian de Chalonge</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Chalonge" title="Christian de Chalonge">Christian de Chalonge</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dominique_Garnier&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dominique Garnier (page does not exist)">Dominique Garnier</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jules_Supervielle" title="Jules Supervielle">Jules Supervielle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data">Luis Méndez</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Bernard Zitzermann</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Anita Fernández</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>25&#160;September&#160;1991<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1991-09-25</span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">110 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">French</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>The Children Thief</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr"><b>Le Voleur d'enfants</b></i>) is a 1991 French <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Christian_de_Chalonge" title="Christian de Chalonge">Christian de Chalonge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times.com_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times.com-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Children_Thief&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> - Bigua</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ngela_Molina" title="Ángela Molina">Ángela Molina</a> - Desposoria</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Piccoli" title="Michel Piccoli">Michel Piccoli</a> - M. Armand</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nada_Strancar&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nada Strancar (page does not exist)">Nada Strancar</a> - Rose</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C%C3%A9cile_Pallas&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Cécile Pallas (page does not exist)">Cécile Pallas</a> - Mère d'Antoine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginie_Ledoyen" title="Virginie Ledoyen">Virginie Ledoyen</a> - Gabrielle</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lo%C3%AFc_Even&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Loïc Even (page does not exist)">Loïc Even</a> - Joseph</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caspar_Salmon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Caspar Salmon (page does not exist)">Caspar Salmon</a> - Antoine</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benjamin_Doat&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Benjamin Doat (page does not exist)">Benjamin Doat</a> - Benjamin</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nicolas_Carr%C3%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nicolas Carré (page does not exist)">Nicolas Carré</a> - Nicolas</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrien_Canivet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrien Canivet (page does not exist)">Adrien Canivet</a> - René</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mathieu_Bisson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mathieu Bisson (page does not exist)">Mathieu Bisson</a> - Simon</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nathana%C3%ABl_De_Vries&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nathanaël De Vries (page does not exist)">Nathanaël De Vries</a> - Enfant melo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Martin_(actor)" title="Daniel Martin (actor)">Daniel Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriele_Tinti_(actor)" title="Gabriele Tinti (actor)">Gabriele Tinti</a> - L'Argentin</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Children_Thief&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NY_Times.com-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times.com_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFClarke_Fountain2007" class="citation web cs1">Clarke Fountain (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071203032653/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/145738/Le-Voleur-d-enfants/overview">"NY Times: The Children Thief"</a>. Movies &amp; TV Dept. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/145738/Le-Voleur-d-enfants/overview">the original</a> on 3 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=NY+Times%3A+The+Children+Thief&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.au=Clarke+Fountain&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2F145738%2FLe-Voleur-d-enfants%2Foverview&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Children+Thief" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Children_Thief&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0103224/"><i>The Children Thief</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/29px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/44px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/France_film_clapperboard.svg/58px-France_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="528" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article related to a French film of the 1990s is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Mark Andrus
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href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Andrus" title="Mark Andrus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mark Andrus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Andrus" title="Mark Andrus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Mark Andrus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3" title="مارك اندروس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مارك اندروس" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American screenwriter (born 1955)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Mark Andrus</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1955-12-13</span>) </span>December 13, 1955<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;69)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">Screenwriter</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mark Andrus</b> (born December 13, 1955) is an American <a href="/wiki/Screenwriter" title="Screenwriter">screenwriter</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After receiving a <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Business_Administration" title="Master of Business Administration">Master of Business Administration</a> from <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Riverside" title="University of California, Riverside">UC Riverside</a>, Andrus decided to take a creative writing class while waiting to hear from the law schools to which he had applied. Impressed by his work, instructor <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Rivera" title="Tomás Rivera">Tomás Rivera</a> encouraged him to enroll in the <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Professional_Writing_Program" title="Master of Professional Writing Program">Master of Professional Writing Program</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Southern_California" title="University of Southern California">University of Southern California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TLoose_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLoose-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Andrus later joined <a href="/wiki/Castle_Rock_Entertainment" title="Castle Rock Entertainment">Castle Rock Entertainment</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TLoose_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLoose-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where he received his first screen credit for the 1991 romantic fantasy <i>Late for Dinner</i>. </p><p>Shortly after, Andrus wrote <i>Old Friends</i>, a screenplay about the vilest man in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> and his gay neighbor. Initially <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holly_Hunter" title="Holly Hunter">Holly Hunter</a>, and producer <a href="/wiki/Laura_Ziskin" title="Laura Ziskin">Laura Ziskin</a> expressed interest, but after many meetings the project fell into limbo for three years until <a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> became involved.<sup id="cite_ref-TLoose_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLoose-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The two collaborated on a rewrite that became <i><a href="/wiki/As_Good_as_It_Gets" title="As Good as It Gets">As Good as It Gets</a></i>, which won the duo the <a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay">Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay</a> and the Southeastern Film Critics Association Award for Best Original Screenplay. The two also shared nominations for the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Screenplay" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay">Golden Globe Award for Best Screenplay</a>. </p><p>Andrus also wrote the original scripts <i><a href="/wiki/Life_as_a_House" title="Life as a House">Life as a House</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Rule" title="Georgia Rule">Georgia Rule</a></i>, which won him and director <a href="/wiki/Garry_Marshall" title="Garry Marshall">Garry Marshall</a> the Entertainment Industries Council <a href="/wiki/Prism_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Prism Award">PRISM Award for Best Feature Film</a>, and the adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Divine_Secrets_of_the_Ya-Ya_Sisterhood_(film)" title="Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (film)">Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood</a></i>. </p><p>Andrus lives in <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Capistrano,_California" title="San Juan Capistrano, California">San Juan Capistrano, California</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-TLoose_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TLoose-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filmography">Filmography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Andrus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Late_for_Dinner" title="Late for Dinner">Late for Dinner</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/As_Good_as_It_Gets" title="As Good as It Gets"><i>As Good as it Gets</i></a> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_as_a_House" title="Life as a House">Life as a House</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divine_Secrets_of_the_Ya-Ya_Sisterhood_(film)" title="Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood (film)"><i>Divine Secrets of the Ya-Ya Sisterhood</i></a> (adaptation) (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Georgia_Rule" title="Georgia Rule">Georgia Rule</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/And_So_It_Goes_(film)" title="And So It Goes (film)">And So It Goes</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Otherhood" title="Otherhood">Otherhood</a></i> (2019)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Andrus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080326203454/http://movies.nytimes.com/person/79700/Mark-Andrus">"The New York Times"</a>. Movies &amp; TV Dept. <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseline (database)">Baseline</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/All_Movie_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="All Movie Guide">All Movie Guide</a>. 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/person/79700/Mark-Andrus">the original</a> on 2008-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.pub=Baseline+%26+All+Movie+Guide&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fperson%2F79700%2FMark-Andrus&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMark+Andrus" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TLoose-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TLoose_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLoose_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLoose_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TLoose_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tloose.com/adventuresscreentrade.html">Tloose.com</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091208011045/http://www.tloose.com/adventuresscreentrade.html">Archived</a> 2009-12-08 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mark_Andrus&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0029125/">Mark Andrus</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Writers_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Best_Original_Screenplay" title="Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay">Writers Guild of America Award for Best Original Screenplay</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Drama <br /> (1969–1983)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Goldman" title="William Goldman">William Goldman</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Ford_Coppola" title="Francis Ford Coppola">Francis Ford Coppola</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Edmund_H._North" title="Edmund H. North">Edmund H. North</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penelope_Gilliatt" title="Penelope Gilliatt">Penelope Gilliatt</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Larner" title="Jeremy Larner">Jeremy Larner</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Shagan" title="Steve Shagan">Steve Shagan</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pierson" title="Frank Pierson">Frank Pierson</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Laurents" title="Arthur Laurents">Arthur Laurents</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Dowd" title="Nancy Dowd">Nancy Dowd</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Jones" title="Robert C. Jones">Robert C. Jones</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Waldo_Salt" title="Waldo Salt">Waldo Salt</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Gray" title="Mike Gray">Mike Gray</a>, <a href="/wiki/T._S._Cook" title="T. S. Cook">T. S. Cook</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/James_Bridges" title="James Bridges">James Bridges</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Goldman" title="Bo Goldman">Bo Goldman</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Griffiths" title="Trevor Griffiths">Trevor Griffiths</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melissa_Mathison" title="Melissa Mathison">Melissa Mathison</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horton_Foote" title="Horton Foote">Horton Foote</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Comedy <br /> (1969–1983)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Mazursky" title="Paul Mazursky">Paul Mazursky</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Larry_Tucker_(screenwriter)" title="Larry Tucker (screenwriter)">Larry Tucker</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon" title="Neil Simon">Neil Simon</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paddy_Chayefsky" title="Paddy Chayefsky">Paddy Chayefsky</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Bogdanovich" title="Peter Bogdanovich">Peter Bogdanovich</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buck_Henry" title="Buck Henry">Buck Henry</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Newman_(screenwriter)" title="David Newman (screenwriter)">David Newman</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Benton" title="Robert Benton">Robert Benton</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melvin_Frank" title="Melvin Frank">Melvin Frank</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Jack_Rose_(screenwriter)" title="Jack Rose (screenwriter)">Jack Rose</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Steinberg" title="Norman Steinberg">Norman Steinberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bergman" title="Andrew Bergman">Andrew Bergman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Richard_Pryor" title="Richard Pryor">Richard Pryor</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Alan_Uger" title="Alan Uger">Alan Uger</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Towne" title="Robert Towne">Robert Towne</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Warren_Beatty" title="Warren Beatty">Warren Beatty</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Lancaster" title="Bill Lancaster">Bill Lancaster</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Brickman" title="Marshall Brickman">Marshall Brickman</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Keller" title="Sheldon Keller">Sheldon Keller</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Tesich" title="Steve Tesich">Steve Tesich</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nancy_Meyers" title="Nancy Meyers">Nancy Meyers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvey_Miller_(screenwriter)" title="Harvey Miller (screenwriter)">Harvey Miller</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Charles_Shyer" title="Charles Shyer">Charles Shyer</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Gordon_(director)" title="Steve Gordon (director)">Steve Gordon</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_McGuire_(actor)" title="Don McGuire (actor)">Don McGuire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Larry_Gelbart" title="Larry Gelbart">Larry Gelbart</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Murray_Schisgal" title="Murray Schisgal">Murray Schisgal</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Kasdan" title="Lawrence Kasdan">Lawrence Kasdan</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Barbara_Benedek" title="Barbara Benedek">Barbara Benedek</a> (1983)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #ABCDEF;width:1%">Original Screenplay <br /> (1984–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Kelley_(screenwriter)" title="William Kelley (screenwriter)">William Kelley</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Earl_W._Wallace" title="Earl W. Wallace">Earl W. Wallace</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Patrick_Shanley" title="John Patrick Shanley">John Patrick Shanley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Shelton" title="Ron Shelton">Ron Shelton</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Levinson" title="Barry Levinson">Barry Levinson</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Callie_Khouri" title="Callie Khouri">Callie Khouri</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Jordan" title="Neil Jordan">Neil Jordan</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Campion" title="Jane Campion">Jane Campion</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Curtis" title="Richard Curtis">Richard Curtis</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randall_Wallace" title="Randall Wallace">Randall Wallace</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coen_brothers" title="Coen brothers">Joel Coen &amp; Ethan Coen</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_L._Brooks" title="James L. Brooks">James L. Brooks</a> &amp; <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Mark Andrus</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Norman" title="Marc Norman">Marc Norman</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Tom_Stoppard" title="Tom Stoppard">Tom Stoppard</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Ball_(screenwriter)" title="Alan Ball (screenwriter)">Alan Ball</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Lonergan" title="Kenneth Lonergan">Kenneth Lonergan</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julian_Fellowes" title="Julian Fellowes">Julian Fellowes</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moore" title="Michael Moore">Michael Moore</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofia_Coppola" title="Sofia Coppola">Sofia Coppola</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Bismuth" title="Pierre Bismuth">Pierre Bismuth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michel_Gondry" title="Michel Gondry">Michel Gondry</a>, &amp; <a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kaufman" title="Charlie Kaufman">Charlie Kaufman</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Haggis" title="Paul Haggis">Paul Haggis</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moresco" title="Robert Moresco">Bobby Moresco</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Arndt" title="Michael Arndt">Michael Arndt</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablo_Cody" title="Diablo Cody">Diablo Cody</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dustin_Lance_Black" title="Dustin Lance Black">Dustin Lance Black</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Nolan" title="Christopher Nolan">Christopher Nolan</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Boal" title="Mark Boal">Mark Boal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spike_Jonze" title="Spike Jonze">Spike Jonze</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wes_Anderson" title="Wes Anderson">Wes Anderson</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Guinness" title="Hugo Guinness">Hugo Guinness</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_McCarthy_(director)" title="Tom McCarthy (director)">Tom McCarthy</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Josh_Singer" title="Josh Singer">Josh Singer</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Jenkins" title="Barry Jenkins">Barry Jenkins</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Tarell_Alvin_McCraney" title="Tarell Alvin McCraney">Tarell Alvin McCraney</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Peele" title="Jordan Peele">Jordan Peele</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Burnham" title="Bo Burnham">Bo Burnham</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bong_Joon-ho" title="Bong Joon-ho">Bong Joon-ho</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Han_Jin-won" title="Han Jin-won">Han Jin-won</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Fennell" title="Emerald Fennell">Emerald Fennell</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_McKay" title="Adam McKay">Adam McKay</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/David_Sirota" title="David Sirota">David Sirota</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniels_(directors)" title="Daniels (directors)">Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Hemingson" title="David Hemingson">David Hemingson</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1899904#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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{ "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark Andrus" }
The Wellness Community
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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/The_Wellness_Community" title="Special:EditPage/The Wellness Community">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22The+Wellness+Community%22">"The Wellness Community"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22The+Wellness+Community%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22The+Wellness+Community%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22The+Wellness+Community%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22The+Wellness+Community%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22The+Wellness+Community%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2009</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Wellness Community</b> (TWC) is an international, <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit organization</a> that provides support and education to people with <a href="/wiki/Cancer" title="Cancer">cancer</a> and those who care for them.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> It was founded in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Monica" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Monica">Santa Monica</a> in 1982 by Harold Benjamin,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> his wife Harriet Benjamin<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Shannon McGowan. In addition to providing support groups, education and other programs, TWC conducts research to quantify and document the benefits of <a href="/wiki/Psychosocial" title="Psychosocial">psychosocial</a> support for people with cancer. Research is done in collaboration with Catholic University, <a href="/wiki/The_University_of_Texas_M._D._Anderson_Cancer_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center">M.D. Anderson Cancer Center</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutgers_University" title="Rutgers University">Rutgers University</a>, Stanford University, <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Los_Angeles" title="University of California, Los Angeles">University of California, Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">University of California, San Francisco</a>. In 2009, it merged with <a href="/wiki/Gilda%27s_Club" title="Gilda&#39;s Club">Gilda's Club</a> to form the <a href="/wiki/Cancer_Support_Community" title="Cancer Support Community">Cancer Support Community</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Wellness_Community&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEly2014" class="citation news cs1">Ely, Elissa (November 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wbur.org/2014/11/11/the-remembrance-project-harriet-berman">"The Remembrance Project: Dr. Harriet Berman"</a>. <i>WBUR Boston</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 4,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=WBUR+Boston&amp;rft.atitle=The+Remembrance+Project%3A+Dr.+Harriet+Berman&amp;rft.date=2014-11-11&amp;rft.aulast=Ely&amp;rft.aufirst=Elissa&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wbur.org%2F2014%2F11%2F11%2Fthe-remembrance-project-harriet-berman&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wellness+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2004/12/25/us/harold-benjamin-80-founder-of-wellness-community-dies.html">"Harold Benjamin, 80, Founder of Wellness Community, Dies"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. Associated Press. 25 December 2004 &#8211; via NYTimes.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=Harold+Benjamin%2C+80%2C+Founder+of+Wellness+Community%2C+Dies&amp;rft.date=2004-12-25&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2004%2F12%2F25%2Fus%2Fharold-benjamin-80-founder-of-wellness-community-dies.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wellness+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://argonautnews.com/wellness-community-co-founder-harriet-benjamin-dies-at-85/">"Wellness Community co-founder Harriet Benjamin dies at 85 - The Argonaut Newsweekly"</a>. <i>argonautnews.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=argonautnews.com&amp;rft.atitle=Wellness+Community+co-founder+Harriet+Benjamin+dies+at+85+-+The+Argonaut+Newsweekly&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fargonautnews.com%2Fwellness-community-co-founder-harriet-benjamin-dies-at-85%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Wellness+Community" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_footnotes_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-More_footnotes_needed" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/40px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" 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FTC v. Colgate-Palmolive Co.
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class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>FTC v. 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nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1965 United States Supreme Court case</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox scotus" style="line-height: 1.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #99c0ff; padding: 0.2em; line-height: 1.4em; font-size:125%; font-style: italic">Federal Trade Commission v. Colgate-Palmolive Company</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Seal of the United States Supreme Court"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/100px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/150px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/200px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-top: 0.5em; font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Argued December 10, 1964<br />Decided April 5th, 1965</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Full case name</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Federal Trade Commission v. Colgate-Palmolive Company</i></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Citations</th><td class="infobox-data">380 <a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/us/380/374/case.html">374</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_380" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 380">more</a></i>)<div>85 S. Ct. 1035; 13 <a href="/wiki/L._Ed._2d" class="mw-redirect" title="L. Ed. 2d">L. Ed. 2d</a> 904; 1965 <a href="/wiki/U.S._LEXIS" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. LEXIS">U.S. LEXIS</a> 2300</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Court membership</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><dl style="margin:0; padding:0.1em 0.5em; text-align:center; line-height:1.3em;"> <dt style="margin:0;">Chief Justice</dt> <dd style="margin:0 0 0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Earl_Warren" title="Earl Warren">Earl Warren</a> </dd> <dt style="margin:0;">Associate Justices</dt> <dd style="margin:0;"><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Black" title="Hugo Black">Hugo Black</a>&#160;<b>&#183;</b>&#32; <a href="/wiki/William_O._Douglas" title="William O. Douglas">William O. Douglas</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tom_C._Clark" title="Tom C. Clark">Tom C. Clark</a>&#160;<b>&#183;</b>&#32; <a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_(born_1899)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Marshall Harlan (born 1899)">John M. Harlan II</a><br /><a href="/wiki/William_J._Brennan_Jr." title="William J. Brennan Jr.">William J. Brennan Jr.</a>&#160;<b>&#183;</b>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Potter_Stewart" title="Potter Stewart">Potter Stewart</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Byron_White" title="Byron White">Byron White</a>&#160;<b>&#183;</b>&#32; <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Goldberg" title="Arthur Goldberg">Arthur Goldberg</a> </dd></dl></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #99c0ff; white-space:nowrap">Case opinions</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Majority</th><td class="infobox-data">Warren, joined by Black, Douglas, Clark, Brennan, White, Goldberg</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Concur/dissent</th><td class="infobox-data">Harlan, joined by Stewart</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Federal Trade Commission v. Colgate-Palmolive Company</b></i>, 380 U.S. 374 (1965), was a <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">United States Supreme Court</a> case. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTC_v._Colgate-Palmolive_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive" title="Colgate-Palmolive">Colgate-Palmolive</a> advertisement claimed that its Palmolive Rapid Shave shaving cream was so good it could be used to shave sandpaper. The commercial showed sandpaper applied with shaving cream and then shaved. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> (FTC) complained that the ad was deceptive and a material misrepresentation because it was not sandpaper but rather sand sprinkled on glass. Colgate-Palmolive argued that the product really could shave sandpaper if left on long enough. Colgate-Palmolive sued arguing that the FTC had overstepped its authority.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opinion_of_the_Court">Opinion of the Court</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTC_v._Colgate-Palmolive_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Opinion of the Court"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court</a> agreed with the FTC that the commercial was a material misrepresentation. The ruling forced advertisers to remain truthful in their product presentations. As a result, commercials often feature "dramatization" notifications.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTC_v._Colgate-Palmolive_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRichards1990" class="citation book cs1">Richards, Jef I. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8i7FDT-jBiwC&amp;pg=PA32"><i>Deceptive Advertising: Behavioral Study of a Legal Concept</i></a>. L. Erlbaum Associates. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8058-0649-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8058-0649-6"><bdi>978-0-8058-0649-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Deceptive+Advertising%3A+Behavioral+Study+of+a+Legal+Concept&amp;rft.pub=L.+Erlbaum+Associates&amp;rft.date=1990&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8058-0649-6&amp;rft.aulast=Richards&amp;rft.aufirst=Jef+I.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8i7FDT-jBiwC%26pg%3DPA32&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFTC+v.+Colgate-Palmolive+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://supreme.justia.com/us/380/374/">"FTC v. Colgate-Palmolive Co., 380 U.S. 374 (1965)"</a>. <i>Justia Law</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Justia+Law&amp;rft.atitle=FTC+v.+Colgate-Palmolive+Co.%2C+380+U.S.+374+%281965%29&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsupreme.justia.com%2Fus%2F380%2F374%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFTC+v.+Colgate-Palmolive+Co." class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=FTC_v._Colgate-Palmolive_Co.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Text of <i>Federal Trade Commission v. Colgate-Palmolive Company</i>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Supreme_Court_cases,_volume_380" title="List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 380">380</a>&#32;<a href="/wiki/United_States_Reports" title="United States Reports">U.S.</a> 374&#32;(1965) is available from:&#x20;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/107013/ftc-v-colgate-palmolive-co/">CourtListener</a>&#x20;&#x20;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_case?case=11494711422413316319">Google&#160;Scholar</a>&#x20;&#x20;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/380/374/">Justia</a>&#x20;&#x20;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdn.loc.gov/service/ll/usrep/usrep380/usrep380374/usrep380374.pdf">Library&#160;of&#160;Congress</a>&#x20;&#x20;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.oyez.org/cases/1964/62">Oyez (oral argument audio)</a>&#x20;</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.museumofhoaxes.com/hoax/archive/permalink/sandpaper_test"><i>The Sandpaper Test</i></a>, Museum of Hoaxes</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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.navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Colgate-Palmolive" title="Template:Colgate-Palmolive"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Colgate-Palmolive" title="Template talk:Colgate-Palmolive"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Colgate-Palmolive" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Colgate-Palmolive"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Colgate-Palmolive" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive" title="Colgate-Palmolive">Colgate-Palmolive</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ian_M._Cook" title="Ian M. Cook">Ian Cook</a> <small>(Executive Chairman)</small></li> <li>Noel Wallace <small>(President and CEO)</small></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Colgate" title="William Colgate">William Colgate</a> (founder)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_T._Cahill_(businessman)" title="John T. Cahill (businessman)">John T. Cahill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Foster_(Royal_Navy_officer)" title="David Foster (Royal Navy officer)">David Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen_Hancock" title="Ellen Hancock">Ellen Hancock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Ittner" title="Martin Ittner">Martin Ittner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kogan_(businessman)" title="Richard Kogan (businessman)">Richard Kogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Henry_Lesch" title="George Henry Lesch">George Henry Lesch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Lewis" title="Delano Lewis">Delano Lewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_J._Mahoney" title="David J. Mahoney">David J. Mahoney</a></li> <li>Ed McAteer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Miner" title="Jan Miner">Jan Miner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sadove" title="Stephen Sadove">Stephen Sadove</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="3" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Colgate-Palmolive_logo.svg/130px-Colgate-Palmolive_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="130" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Colgate-Palmolive_logo.svg/195px-Colgate-Palmolive_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Colgate-Palmolive_logo.svg/260px-Colgate-Palmolive_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="44" /></span></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Brands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajax_(cleaning_product)" title="Ajax (cleaning product)">Ajax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axion_(brand)" title="Axion (brand)">Axion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_Magic" title="Baby Magic">Baby Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bambeanos" title="Bambeanos">Bambeanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cibaca_(brand)" title="Cibaca (brand)">Cibaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cold_Power" title="Cold Power">Cold Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_(toothpaste)" title="Colgate (toothpaste)">Colgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darlie" title="Darlie">Darlie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elmex" title="Elmex">Elmex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fabuloso" class="mw-redirect" title="Fabuloso">Fabuloso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresh_Start_(detergent)" title="Fresh Start (detergent)">Fresh Start</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hill%27s_Pet_Nutrition" title="Hill&#39;s Pet Nutrition">Hill's Pet Nutrition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Spring" title="Irish Spring">Irish Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kolynos" title="Kolynos">Kolynos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_Stick" title="Speed Stick">Lady Speed Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennen" title="Mennen">Mennen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murphy_Oil_Soap" title="Murphy Oil Soap">Murphy Oil Soap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palmolive_(brand)" title="Palmolive (brand)">Palmolive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protex_(soap)" title="Protex (soap)">Protex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanex" title="Sanex">Sanex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Diet" title="Science Diet">Science Diet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_Bracer" title="Skin Bracer">Skin Bracer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softsoap" title="Softsoap">Softsoap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speed_Stick" title="Speed Stick">Speed Stick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suavitel" title="Suavitel">Suavitel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teen_Spirit_(deodorant)" title="Teen Spirit (deodorant)">Teen Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom%27s_of_Maine" title="Tom&#39;s of Maine">Tom's of Maine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultra_Brite" title="Ultra Brite">Ultra Brite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vel_Soap" title="Vel Soap">Vel Soap</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colgate-Palmolive_Pakistan" title="Colgate-Palmolive Pakistan">Colgate-Palmolive Pakistan</a> (51%)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Colgate_Comedy_Hour" title="The Colgate Comedy Hour">The Colgate Comedy Hour</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_Clock_(Indiana)" title="Colgate Clock (Indiana)">Colgate Clock (Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colgate_Clock_(Jersey_City)" title="Colgate Clock (Jersey City)">Colgate Clock (Jersey City)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Doctors_(1963_TV_series)" title="The Doctors (1963 TV series)">The Doctors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Simon_Locke" title="Dr. Simon Locke">Dr. Simon Locke</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">FTC v. Colgate-Palmolive Co.</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_v._Colgate_%26_Co." title="United States v. Colgate &amp; Co.">United States v. Colgate &amp; Co.</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Colgate-Palmolive" title="Category:Colgate-Palmolive"><b>Category</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Colgate-Palmolive" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Colgate-Palmolive"><b>Commons</b></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/34px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/51px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg/68px-Seal_of_the_United_States_Supreme_Court.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article related to the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">Supreme Court of the United States</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Thermal neutral zone
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organisms known as <a href="/wiki/Homeotherms" class="mw-redirect" title="Homeotherms">homeotherms</a> maintain internal temperatures with minimal metabolic regulation within a range of ambient temperatures called the <b>thermal neutral zone (TNZ)</b>. Within the TNZ the <a href="/wiki/Basal_rate" title="Basal rate">basal rate</a> of heat production is equal to the rate of heat loss to the environment. Homeothermic organisms adjust to the temperatures within the TNZ through different responses requiring little energy. </p><p>Environmental temperatures can cause fluctuations in a homeothermic organism's metabolic rate. This response is due to the energy required to maintain a relatively constant body temperature above ambient temperature by controlling heat loss and heat gain.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The degree of this response depends not only on the species, but also on the levels of insulative and metabolic adaptation.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Environmental temperatures below the TNZ, the lower critical temperature (LCT), require an organism to increase its metabolic rate to meet the environmental demands for heat.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Regulation about the TNZ requires metabolic heat production when the LCT is reached, as heat is lost to the environment. The organism reaches the <b>LCT</b> when the T<sub>a</sub> (ambient temp.) decreases. </p><p>When an organism reaches this stage the <a href="/wiki/Metabolism" title="Metabolism">metabolic rate</a> increases significantly and <a href="/wiki/Thermogenesis" title="Thermogenesis">thermogenesis</a> increases the T<sub>b</sub> (body temp.) If the T<sub>a</sub> continues to decrease far below the LCT hypothermia occurs. Alternatively, evaporative heat loss for cooling occurs when temperatures above the TNZ, the upper critical zone (UCT), are realized (Speakman and Keijer 2013). When the T<sub>a</sub> reaches too far above the UCT, the rate of heat gain and rate of heat production become higher than the rate of heat dissipation (heat loss through <a href="/wiki/Evaporative_cooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Evaporative cooling">evaporative cooling</a>), resulting in hyperthermia. </p><p>It can show postural changes where it changes its body shape or moves and exposes different areas to the sun/shade, and through radiation, convection and conduction, <a href="/wiki/Heat_transfer" title="Heat transfer">heat exchange</a> occurs. Vasomotor responses allow control of the flow of blood between the periphery and the core to control heat loss from the surface of the body. Lastly, the organism can show insulation adjustments; a common example being "goosebumps" in humans where <a href="/wiki/Hair_follicle" title="Hair follicle">hair follicles</a> are raised by pilomotor muscles, also shown in animals' pelage and plumage.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_humans">In humans</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_neutral_zone&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: In humans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The thermoneutral zone describes a range of temperatures of the immediate environment in which a standard healthy adult can maintain normal body temperature without needing to use energy above and beyond normal basal metabolic rate. It starts at approximately 21&#160;°C (69.8&#160;°F) for normal weight men and at around 18&#160;°C (64.4&#160;°F) for those who are overweight<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and extends towards circa 30&#160;°C (86.0&#160;°F). Note this is for a resting human and does not allow for shivering, sweating or exercising. Even with light clothing, radiation and convection losses are dramatically reduced, effectively reducing the TNZ. Hence, a comfortable temperature in a heated building may be 18 - 22 degrees Celsius (64.4 - 71.6 degrees Fahrenheit).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Human" title="Human">Humans</a> produce an obligatory 100&#160;W (0.13&#160;hp) of heat energy at rest as a by-product from basic processes like pumping blood, digesting, breathing, biochemical synthesis and catabolism etc. This is comparable to a common incandescent light-bulb. However, adult humans can produce in excess of 1,000&#160;W (1.3&#160;hp) of heat energy during strenuous exercise.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Hence, if the body were perfectly insulated, core temperature would continue to increase until lethal core temperatures were achieved. Conversely, we are normally in surroundings that are considerably cooler than the body's core temperature of 37&#160;°C (98.6&#160;°F) creating a gradient for thermal energy flow from the core to the surroundings. Therefore, the body must ensure it can also minimize the loss of heat to around 100 watts, if it is to maintain core temperature. In short, the skin must be able to get rid of 100 watts of heat in relatively warm environments, but also ensure that it does not lose too much more than this in relatively cold environments. </p><p>The human outer or peripheral shell (skin, subcutaneous fat etc.) acts as an adjustable insulator/radiator with the main mechanism of adjustment being blood flow to this compartment. If the surroundings are warm then heat loss is less, so the body directs more blood to the periphery to maintain the gradient for energy flow. Conversely, if the surroundings are cool, blood flow can be profoundly reduced to the skin, so that heat loss is reduced significantly. </p><p>These passive processes determine the TNZ, as negligible work is done to redirect blood to the peripheries or the core. </p><p><b>Physiological mechanisms:</b> </p><p>The skin has a huge capacity to accept blood flow resulting in a range of 1ml/100g of skin/min, to 150ml/100g/min. Its metabolic requirements are very low and hence it only requires a very small fraction of the heart's output to maintain its own growth and metabolism. In temperate environments the blood flow to the skin is much higher than required for metabolism, the determining factor is the need for the body to get rid of its heat. In fact, skin can survive for long periods of time (hours) with sub-physiological blood flow and oxygenation, and, as long as this is followed by a period of good perfusion, necrosis will not occur. </p><p>In temperate environments there is room to increase or decrease blood flow to the skin dramatically. This is achieved by way of special arrangements in the vascular beds of the skin. There are significant numbers of extra vessels, especially in the extremities with their large surface areas (hands, ears, toes etc.). These are direct connections between artery and vein which bypass nourishing capillaries, and are controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. These shunts are normally mostly closed, but opening them up allows the skin to become engorged with blood, and because these vessels have low resistance, the blood flow through them is brisk. Conversely, when blood supply to the skin must be reduced these shunts can be closed and furthermore, the normal mechanism of vasoconstriction of arterioles, can dramatically reduce perfusion of the skin. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Across_species">Across species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_neutral_zone&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Across species"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Different species have different temperatures of their thermal neutral zones. </p><p>In dogs, the thermoneutral zone ranges from 20–30&#160;°C (68–86&#160;°F).<sup id="cite_ref-PurdueDogs_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PurdueDogs-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Domestic cats have a considerably higher thermoneutral zone, ranging between 30 and 38&#160;°C.<sup id="cite_ref-Stella&amp;Croney2016_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stella&amp;Croney2016-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In horses, the lower critical temperature is 5&#160;°C while the upper critical temperature depends on the definition used.<sup id="cite_ref-Morgan1998_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Morgan1998-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Their thermoneutral zone is roughly 5–30&#160;°C (41–86&#160;°F).<sup id="cite_ref-UKCollegeAgriculture_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKCollegeAgriculture-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In mice, the lower critical temperature and upper critical temperature can be the same, creating a thermoneutral point instead of a thermoneutral zone. This point varies throughout the day depending on whether the mouse is in the active dark phase (33&#160;°C) or the resting light phase (29&#160;°C).<sup id="cite_ref-Škop_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Škop-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermal_neutral_zone&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRohrig2013" class="citation web cs1">Rohrig, Brian (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/resources/highschool/chemmatters/past-issues/archive-2013-2014/animal-survival-in-extreme-temperatures.html">"Chilling Out, Warming Up: How Animals Survive Temperature Extremes"</a>. <i>American Chemical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">Feb 21,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Blanketing+Horses%3A+Do%27s+and+Don%27ts&amp;rft.pub=UK+College+of+Agriculture%2C+Food+and+Environment&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fafs.ca.uky.edu%2Fcontent%2Fblanketing-horses-do%25E2%2580%2599s-and-don%25E2%2580%2599ts&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThermal+neutral+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Škop-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Škop_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFŠkopGuoLiuXiao2020" class="citation journal cs1">Škop, V; Guo, J; Liu, N; Xiao, C; Hall, KD; Gavrilova, O; Reitman, ML (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7243168">"Mouse Thermoregulation: Introducing the Concept of the Thermoneutral Point"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Cell_Reports" title="Cell Reports">Cell Reports</a></i>. <b>31</b> (2): 107501. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.celrep.2020.03.065">10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.065</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7243168">7243168</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32294435">32294435</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Cell+Reports&amp;rft.atitle=Mouse+Thermoregulation%3A+Introducing+the+Concept+of+the+Thermoneutral+Point&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.pages=107501&amp;rft.date=2020&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7243168%23id-name%3DPMC&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F32294435&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.celrep.2020.03.065&amp;rft.aulast=%C5%A0kop&amp;rft.aufirst=V&amp;rft.au=Guo%2C+J&amp;rft.au=Liu%2C+N&amp;rft.au=Xiao%2C+C&amp;rft.au=Hall%2C+KD&amp;rft.au=Gavrilova%2C+O&amp;rft.au=Reitman%2C+ML&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC7243168&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThermal+neutral+zone" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐wq96l Cached time: 20241228183850 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1] CPU time usage: 0.234 seconds Real time usage: 0.282 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 910/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 28657/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 812/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 46458/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.146/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6305180/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 262.760 1 -total 61.99% 162.895 1 Template:Reflist 32.92% 86.494 4 Template:Cite_web 23.03% 60.524 1 Template:Short_description 15.48% 40.665 7 Template:Cite_journal 13.77% 36.178 2 Template:Pagetype 11.45% 30.092 8 Template:Convert 5.23% 13.752 3 Template:Main_other 4.94% 12.975 1 Template:Doi 4.44% 11.672 1 Template:SDcat --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22256076:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241228183850 and revision id 1263628175. 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Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower
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class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower" title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower" title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower" title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower" title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower" title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Office in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org">Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ADIA_Tower_at_night.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/ADIA_Tower_at_night.jpg/250px-ADIA_Tower_at_night.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="514" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/ADIA_Tower_at_night.jpg/375px-ADIA_Tower_at_night.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/95/ADIA_Tower_at_night.jpg/500px-ADIA_Tower_at_night.jpg 2x" data-file-width="972" data-file-height="2000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="text-align: center">ADIA Tower at night</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align: center"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 250px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="250" data-height="200" data-zoom="13" data-overlays="[&quot;_4588a0fd2b392081cd2248048949422ea382496d&quot;]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower&amp;revid=1248358418&amp;groups=_4588a0fd2b392081cd2248048949422ea382496d" width="250" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,13,a,a,250x200@2x.png?lang=en&amp;domain=en.wikipedia.org&amp;title=Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower&amp;revid=1248358418&amp;groups=_4588a0fd2b392081cd2248048949422ea382496d 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alternative names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">ADIA Tower</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data category">Completed</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Office_building" class="mw-redirect" title="Office building">Office</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Address</th><td class="infobox-data">211 Corniche Road</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Town or city</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Construction started</th><td class="infobox-data">2001<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2001</span>)</span></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Completed</th><td class="infobox-data">2006<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtend itvend">2006</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Height</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architectural</th><td class="infobox-data">185.0&#160;m (607&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Tip</th><td class="infobox-data">185.0&#160;m (607&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Roof</th><td class="infobox-data">185.0&#160;m (607&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Technical details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor count</th><td class="infobox-data">40</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Floor area</th><td class="infobox-data">73,000&#160;m<sup>2</sup> (785,800&#160;sq&#160;ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Lifts/elevators</th><td class="infobox-data">13</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Design and construction</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Architecture firm</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kohn_Pedersen_Fox_Associates" class="mw-redirect" title="Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates">Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Structural engineer</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/BuroHappold_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="BuroHappold Engineering">BuroHappold Engineering</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Samsung_C%26T_Corporation" title="Samsung C&amp;T Corporation">Samsung C&amp;T Corporation</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">Website</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.adia.ae">www<wbr />.adia<wbr />.ae</a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#ededed">References</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower</b> is a skyscraper in the city of <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi" title="Abu Dhabi">Abu Dhabi</a>, the capital of the <a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a>. It was completed in 2006 and hosts the <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority" title="Abu Dhabi Investment Authority">Abu Dhabi Investment Authority</a>. It has a height of 185&#160;m (607&#160;ft) and has 40 floors.<sup id="cite_ref-emporis2019_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emporis2019-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Abu_Dhabi_-_Corniche_-_Skyline_-_Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_-_The_Domain_Tower_-_The_Landmark_-_The_Trust_Tower_-_Baynunah_Hilton_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Abu_Dhabi_-_Corniche_-_Skyline_-_Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_-_The_Domain_Tower_-_The_Landmark_-_The_Trust_Tower_-_Baynunah_Hilton_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82_-_panoramio.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Abu_Dhabi_-_Corniche_-_Skyline_-_Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_-_The_Domain_Tower_-_The_Landmark_-_The_Trust_Tower_-_Baynunah_Hilton_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82_-_panoramio.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Abu_Dhabi_-_Corniche_-_Skyline_-_Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_-_The_Domain_Tower_-_The_Landmark_-_The_Trust_Tower_-_Baynunah_Hilton_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4_-_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D9%82_-_panoramio.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower in skyline at center left</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_in_Abu_Dhabi" title="List of tallest buildings in Abu Dhabi">List of tallest buildings in Abu Dhabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al_Hamra_Tower" title="Al Hamra Tower">Al Hamra Tower</a> in Kuwait, another skyscraper with a fold-like exterior</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/wd/2140">"Abu Dhabi Investment Authority Tower"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Council_on_Tall_Buildings_and_Urban_Habitat" title="Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat"><abbr title="Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat">CTBUH</abbr> Skyscraper Center</a></i>.</cite><span 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Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on 21 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Emporis&amp;rft.atitle=Abu+Dhabi+Investment+Authority+Tower%2C+Abu+Dhabi+-+131499+-+EMPORIS&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporis.com%2Fbuildings%2F131499%2Fabu-dhabi-investment-authority-tower-abu-dhabi-united-arab-emirates&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAbu+Dhabi+Investment+Authority+Tower" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Abu_Dhabi_Investment_Authority_Tower&amp;params=24.4861527_N_54.3514789_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">24°29′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">54°21′05″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">24.4861527°N 54.3514789°E</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">24.4861527; 54.3514789</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_Arab_Emirates" title="United Arab Emirates"><img alt="United Arab Emirates" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg/60px-Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This United Arab Emirates structure article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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I Don't Want to Talk About It (film)
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.infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">I Don't Want to Talk About It</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:De_Eso_no_Se_Habla_film_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/82/De_Eso_no_Se_Habla_film_poster.jpg/220px-De_Eso_no_Se_Habla_film_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/82/De_Eso_no_Se_Habla_film_poster.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="369" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Luisa_Bemberg" title="María Luisa Bemberg">María Luisa Bemberg</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">María Luisa Bemberg<br /><a href="/wiki/Jorge_Goldenberg" title="Jorge Goldenberg">Jorge Goldenberg</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Julio_Llin%C3%A1s&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Julio Llinás (page does not exist)">Julio Llinás</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aldo_Romero&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Aldo Romero (page does not exist)">Aldo Romero</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Oscar_Kramer" title="Oscar Kramer">Oscar Kramer</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Félix Monti</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Juan Carlos Macías</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>20&#160;May&#160;1993<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993-05-20</span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">106 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data">Argentina<br />Italy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">Spanish</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">197,000 admissions (Argentina)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>I Don't Want to Talk About It</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: <i lang="es">De eso no se habla</i>, <a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Di questo non si parla</i>) is a 1993 Argentine-Italian <a href="/wiki/Drama_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Drama film">drama film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Luisa_Bemberg" title="María Luisa Bemberg">María Luisa Bemberg</a>, starring <a href="/wiki/Luisina_Brando" title="Luisina Brando">Luisina Brando</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a>. This film was shot in the historic quarter of <a href="/wiki/Colonia_del_Sacramento" title="Colonia del Sacramento">Colonia del Sacramento</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>. The script was based on a short story by Julio Llinas.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_to_Talk_About_It_(film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> - Ludovico D'Andrea</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luisina_Brando" title="Luisina Brando">Luisina Brando</a> - Leonor</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alejandra_Podesta&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alejandra Podesta (page does not exist)">Alejandra Podesta</a> - Charlotte</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betiana_Blum" title="Betiana Blum">Betiana Blum</a> - Madama</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roberto_Carnaghi" title="Roberto Carnaghi">Roberto Carnaghi</a> - Father Aurelio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Segado" title="Alberto Segado">Alberto Segado</a> - Dr. Blanes</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B3nica_Lacoste&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mónica Lacoste (page does not exist)">Mónica Lacoste</a> - Sra. Blanes</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jorge_Luz&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jorge Luz (page does not exist)">Jorge Luz</a> - Lord Mayor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3nica_Villa" title="Mónica Villa">Mónica Villa</a> - Mrs. Zamudio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Manuel_Tenuta" title="Juan Manuel Tenuta">Juan Manuel Tenuta</a> - Police Chief</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tina_Serrano&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tina Serrano (page does not exist)">Tina Serrano</a> - Widow Schmidt</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ver%C3%B3nica_Llin%C3%A1s" title="Verónica Llinás">Verónica Llinás</a> - Myrna</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Susana_Cort%C3%ADnez&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Susana Cortínez (page does not exist)">Susana Cortínez</a> - Sra Peralta</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Kalwill&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Kalwill (page does not exist)">Martin Kalwill</a> - Mayor's Clerk</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Mar%C3%ADn&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Marín (page does not exist)">Walter Marín</a> - Mojame</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_to_Talk_About_It_(film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_the_deaf_and_hard_of_hearing" title="List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing">List of films featuring the deaf and hard of hearing</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_to_Talk_About_It_(film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDi_Nubila1994" class="citation magazine cs1">Di Nubila, Domingo (28 March 1994). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Park,' 'Tango' power Argentine biz in '93". <i><a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a></i>. p.&#160;42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Variety&amp;rft.atitle=%27Park%2C%27+%27Tango%27+power+Argentine+biz+in+%2793&amp;rft.pages=42&amp;rft.date=1994-03-28&amp;rft.aulast=Di+Nubila&amp;rft.aufirst=Domingo&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+Don%27t+Want+to+Talk+About+It+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY_Times.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times.com_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaslin2008" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Janet_Maslin" title="Janet Maslin">Maslin, Janet</a> (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080621203004/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/133491/I-Don-t-Want-to-Talk-About-It/overview">"NY Times: I Don't Want to Talk About It"</a>. Movies &amp; TV Dept. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Baseline_(database)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baseline (database)">Baseline</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/All_Movie_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="All Movie Guide">All Movie Guide</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/133491/I-Don-t-Want-to-Talk-About-It/overview">the original</a> on 21 June 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=NY+Times%3A+I+Don%27t+Want+to+Talk+About+It&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.aulast=Maslin&amp;rft.aufirst=Janet&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2F133491%2FI-Don-t-Want-to-Talk-About-It%2Foverview&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AI+Don%27t+Want+to+Talk+About+It+%28film%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_to_Talk_About_It_(film)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0106678/"><i>I Don't Want to Talk About It</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Argentina_film_clapperboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Argentina_film_clapperboard.svg/30px-Argentina_film_clapperboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Argentina_film_clapperboard.svg/45px-Argentina_film_clapperboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Argentina_film_clapperboard.svg/60px-Argentina_film_clapperboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article related to an Argentine film of the 1990s is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. You can help Wikipedia by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=I_Don%27t_Want_to_Talk_About_It_(film)&amp;action=edit">expanding it</a>.</p></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": 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Walden Stubbs
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href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_Stubbs" title="Walden Stubbs – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Walden Stubbs" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_Stubbs" title="Walden Stubbs – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walden Stubbs" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_Stubbs" title="Walden Stubbs – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Walden Stubbs" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_Stubbs" title="Walden Stubbs – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Walden Stubbs" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q4490126#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Walden_Stubbs" title="View the 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Walden_Stubbs&amp;params=53.64501_N_1.16775_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°38′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°10′04″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.64501°N 1.16775°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">53.64501; -1.16775</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Village and civil parish in North Yorkshire, England</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Human settlement in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Walden Stubbs</th></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:A_farmhouse_in_Walden_Stubbs_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_254818.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/A_farmhouse_in_Walden_Stubbs_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_254818.jpg/240px-A_farmhouse_in_Walden_Stubbs_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_254818.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/A_farmhouse_in_Walden_Stubbs_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_254818.jpg/360px-A_farmhouse_in_Walden_Stubbs_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_254818.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/A_farmhouse_in_Walden_Stubbs_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_254818.jpg/480px-A_farmhouse_in_Walden_Stubbs_Village_-_geograph.org.uk_-_254818.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span><div>A farm on the street through Walden Stubbs</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:North_Yorkshire_UK_location_map_(2023).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Walden Stubbs is located in North Yorkshire"><img alt="Walden Stubbs is located in North Yorkshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/North_Yorkshire_UK_location_map_%282023%29.svg/240px-North_Yorkshire_UK_location_map_%282023%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/North_Yorkshire_UK_location_map_%282023%29.svg/360px-North_Yorkshire_UK_location_map_%282023%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/North_Yorkshire_UK_location_map_%282023%29.svg/480px-North_Yorkshire_UK_location_map_%282023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="1037" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:95.793%;left:57.29%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Walden Stubbs"><img alt="Walden Stubbs" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:4px;left:-3em"><div>Walden Stubbs</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS&#160;grid&#160;reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&amp;v=2&amp;cp=53.644816~-1.167984&amp;lvl=13&amp;sp=Point.53.644816_-1.167984_Walden+Stubbs&amp;sty=s&amp;style=s">SE551168</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Walden Stubbs</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary&#160;authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_(district)" title="North Yorkshire (district)">North Yorkshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial&#160;county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_and_the_Humber" title="Yorkshire and the Humber">Yorkshire and the Humber</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign&#160;state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">DONCASTER</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode&#160;district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DN_postcode_area" title="DN postcode area">DN6</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling&#160;code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01302</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Police" title="North Yorkshire Police">North Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="North Yorkshire Fire and Rescue Service">North Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_Ambulance_Service" title="Yorkshire Ambulance Service">Yorkshire</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK&#160;Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Selby_and_Ainsty_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Selby and Ainsty (UK Parliament constituency)">Selby and Ainsty</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Yorkshire" title="List of places in Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Walden_Stubbs&amp;params=53.64501_N_1.16775_W_region:GB_type:city"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°38′42″N</span> <span class="longitude">1°10′04″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.64501°N 1.16775°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">53.64501; -1.16775</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Walden Stubbs</b> is a small, rural village and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_Yorkshire" title="North Yorkshire">North Yorkshire</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> At the <a href="/wiki/2011_Census_for_England_and_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 Census for England and Wales">2011 Census</a>, the population was less than 100, so the details are included in the civil parish of <a href="/wiki/Womersley" title="Womersley">Womersley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Situated close to the border with <a href="/wiki/South_Yorkshire" title="South Yorkshire">South Yorkshire</a>, and north of <a href="/wiki/Doncaster" title="Doncaster">Doncaster</a>, it is 7 miles (11&#160;km) south east of <a href="/wiki/Pontefract" title="Pontefract">Pontefract</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and lies close to the <a href="/wiki/River_Went" title="River Went">River Went</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> which rises at <a href="/wiki/Featherstone" title="Featherstone">Featherstone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The village is mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a>, where it is described as consisting of seven households and two ploughlands.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The name of the village derives from either <a href="/wiki/Old_German" class="mw-redirect" title="Old German">Old German</a>, <i>Waldin</i> or the <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> <i>son of Walda</i>. The second part, <i>Stubbs</i> is the Old English term for <i>tree stumps</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The village was historically part of the <a href="/wiki/West_Riding_of_Yorkshire" title="West Riding of Yorkshire">West Riding of Yorkshire</a> until 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Askern_Branch_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Askern Branch Line">Askern Branch Line</a> runs through this village, which has two level crossings. This rail line now carries freight and passenger trains from <a href="/wiki/London_Kings_Cross_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="London Kings Cross railway station">London Kings Cross</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bradford_Interchange_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Bradford Interchange railway station">Bradford Interchange</a>. There is also the occasional diverted passenger train from the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Main_Line" title="East Coast Main Line">East Coast Main Line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden_Stubbs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.selby.gov.uk/parishes-south">"Parishes - south | Selby District Council"</a>. <i>www.selby.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.selby.gov.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Parishes+-+south+%7C+Selby+District+Council&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.selby.gov.uk%2Fparishes-south&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_2011E04007783" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/2011_United_Kingdom_census" title="2011 United Kingdom census">UK Census</a> (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=E04007783">"Local Area Report – Womersley Parish (E04007783)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Office for National Statistics (United Kingdom)">Office for National Statistics</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Nomis&amp;rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Womersley+Parish+%28E04007783%29&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.au=UK+Census&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3DE04007783&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/14414">"History of Walden Stubbs, in Selby and West Riding | Map and description"</a>. <i>www.visionofbritain.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.visionofbritain.org.uk&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+Walden+Stubbs%2C+in+Selby+and+West+Riding+%7C+Map+and+description&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fplace%2F14414&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genuki.org.uk/big/eng/YKS/WRY/Womersley/Womersley68">"Genuki: WOMERSLEY: Geographical and Historical information from the year 1868., Yorkshire (West Riding)"</a>. <i>www.genuki.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.genuki.org.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Genuki%3A+WOMERSLEY%3A+Geographical+and+Historical+information+from+the+year+1868.%2C+Yorkshire+%28West+Riding%29&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.genuki.org.uk%2Fbig%2Feng%2FYKS%2FWRY%2FWomersley%2FWomersley68&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://environment.data.gov.uk/catchment-planning/WaterBody/GB104027063380">"Went from Source to Hoyle Mill Stream Overview"</a>. <i>environment.data.gov.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=environment.data.gov.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Went+from+Source+to+Hoyle+Mill+Stream+Overview&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenvironment.data.gov.uk%2Fcatchment-planning%2FWaterBody%2FGB104027063380&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opendomesday.org/place/SE5516/walden-stubbs/">"&#91;Walden&#93; Stubbs | Domesday Book"</a>. <i>opendomesday.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=opendomesday.org&amp;rft.atitle=%5BWalden%5D+Stubbs+%7C+Domesday+Book&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopendomesday.org%2Fplace%2FSE5516%2Fwalden-stubbs%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEkwall1960" class="citation book cs1">Ekwall, Eilert (1960). <i>The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names</i> (4&#160;ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p.&#160;451. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-869103-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-869103-3"><bdi>0-19-869103-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+concise+Oxford+dictionary+of+English+place-names&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pages=451&amp;rft.edition=4&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft.date=1960&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-869103-3&amp;rft.aulast=Ekwall&amp;rft.aufirst=Eilert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.visionofbritain.org.uk/place/14414">"History of Walden Stubbs, in Selby and West Riding | Map and description"</a>. <i>www.visionofbritain.org.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 November</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.visionofbritain.org.uk&amp;rft.atitle=History+of+Walden+Stubbs%2C+in+Selby+and+West+Riding+%7C+Map+and+description&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.visionofbritain.org.uk%2Fplace%2F14414&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.railfuture.org.uk/display2054">"Railfuture Yorkshire"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>railfuture.org.uk</i>. April 2019. p.&#160;7<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=railfuture.org.uk&amp;rft.atitle=Railfuture+Yorkshire&amp;rft.pages=7&amp;rft.date=2019-04&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.railfuture.org.uk%2Fdisplay2054&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWalden+Stubbs" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walden_Stubbs&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Walden_Stubbs" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Walden Stubbs">Walden Stubbs</a> at Wikimedia Commons </p><p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yorkshire_rose.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/32px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/48px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Yorkshire_rose.svg/64px-Yorkshire_rose.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="276" data-file-height="264" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Selby_(district)" class="mw-redirect" title="Selby (district)">Selby</a> location article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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Saint Luke Institute
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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mental health education and treatment facility in Silver Spring, Maryland</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Saint Luke Institute</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded at</th><td class="infobox-data">Suitland, Maryland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data">NGO, 501(c)(3)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Purpose</th><td class="infobox-data">Private mental and spiritual health treatment and education</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Silver Spring, Maryland</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Region served </div></th><td class="infobox-data">United States and International</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President and CEO</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Rev. Quinn Conners, O.Carm., Ph.D.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Affiliations</th><td class="infobox-data">Saint Luke Center, Baltimore, Maryland; Saint Luke Center, Louisville, Kentucky; St. Luke's Centre, Manchester, England;</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.sli.org">http://www.sli.org</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Saint Luke Institute</b> (SLI) is a U.S.-based private, licensed <a href="/wiki/Mental_health" title="Mental health">mental health</a> education and treatment facility that is based in <a href="/wiki/Silver_Spring,_Maryland" title="Silver Spring, Maryland">Silver Spring, Maryland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The independent center treats the mental health and spiritual health needs of <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Priest" title="Priest">priests</a>, permanent <a href="/wiki/Deacon" title="Deacon">deacons</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Consecration" class="mw-redirect" title="Consecration">consecrated</a> men and women religious; offers online and in-person education on healthy life and ministry for clergy, religious and lay ministers and leaders; and provides candidate assessments for vocations.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SLI was founded in 1981 by Michael Peterson, a priest with training as a <a href="/wiki/Psychiatrist" title="Psychiatrist">psychiatrist</a> from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_San_Francisco" title="University of California, San Francisco">University of California, San Francisco</a><sup id="cite_ref-Sun2002_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> to treat priests with drug or <a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">alcohol addiction.</a> In 1983, SLI began to expand treatment beyond substance abuse. It was a pioneer in identifying and treating child sexual abuse to reduce recidivism. This coincided with the emergence of the case of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Gauthe" title="Gilbert Gauthe">Gilbert Gauthe</a>, a Louisiana priest convicted of <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun2002_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun2002-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Following Peterson's death,<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Robert E. Bacher, who had served as executive secretary of <a href="/wiki/United_States_Conference_of_Catholic_Bishops" title="United States Conference of Catholic Bishops">United States Conference of Catholic Bishops</a>’ Committee on Priestly Formation, led SLI from 1987 to 1992.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1992, Canice Connors was appointed as the third president of SLI. A psychologist, Connors was the former president of Southdown, a Catholic treatment center near <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT1993_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Connors described himself as a victim of child abuse by an older man.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT1993_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 1990s, SLI had up to 32 inpatients and about 12 patients residing at houses owned by SLI. SLI followed standard treatment protocols for its clients, including treatment of sexual issues. The center also provided individual and group therapy aimed at helping priests regain their <a href="/wiki/Celibacy" title="Celibacy">celibacy</a>; the latter differed from secular treatment, in which the effort was to get the men to transfer their sexual attraction to adults.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT1993_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>After a person left treatment, the bishop or religious superior would determine what, if any ministry, the person would be assigned to, with input from treatment outcomes. As of 1994 SLI had treated 137 priests, of which 60 had returned to ministry and 77 became inactive. Of the inactive priests, 20 were convicted of crimes and sent to prison and others <a href="/wiki/Loss_of_clerical_state_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Loss of clerical state (Catholic Church)">laicized</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-LAT1993_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LAT1993-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1993, SLI added a residential program for women religious and was treating a range of behavioral health needs for men and women, such as anxiety, depression, boundaries and interpersonal issues. In 1994, SLI added a transitional, post-residential program called Halfway House.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>From 1996 to 2009 (and from 2013 to 2014), <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Joseph_Rossetti" title="Stephen Joseph Rossetti">Stephen J. Rossetti</a>, a psychologist, served as SLI president. Rossetti first began working at SLI in 1993, and became executive vice president and chief operating officer. </p><p>In 1997, SLI began publishing Lukenotes, a free newsletter that explained mental health issues and treatment through in-depth articles and case studies.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2000, SLI opened outpatient counseling for clergy, religious and lay people and in 2005, opened St. Luke's Centre in Manchester, England.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2008, SLI set up the Saint Luke Institute Foundation, Inc. and transferred about $3.5 million into it to provide long-term financial support for SLI.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Rossetti stepped down as SLI's president in October 2009 to join the faculty of <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_America" title="Catholic University of America">The Catholic University of America</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Zimmermann_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zimmermann-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was succeeded by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_J._Arsenault&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward J. Arsenault (page does not exist)">Edward J. Arsenault</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Manchester" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Manchester">Diocese of Manchester</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AP_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Arsenault was removed as SLI's president in 2013 after being accused of stealing money from the Diocese of Manchester and the estate of a deceased priest, prior to and unrelated to SLI. He was also accused of billing a hospital for consulting work he never performed. He pleaded guilty in 2014 and was sentenced.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AP_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AP-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At that time Rossetti returned as president of SLI.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sheila Harron, Ph.D., was named CEO.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> David Songy, a psychologist from <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, became president on January 1, 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, SLI opened Saint Luke Center in Louisville, Ky., to provide candidate assessments for priesthood and religious life, education, outpatient counseling and spiritual direction.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2012, SLI opened Caritas Counseling Center, later renamed Saint Luke Center, near Towson, Md., for outpatient therapy and spiritual direction.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 2013, SLI purchased the St. Louis Consultation Center, which provided intensive outpatient psychological and spiritual treatment, education and candidate assessments.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2023, Rev. James Garvey, O.Praem., D.Min. became president.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Today">Today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The St. Louis program was moved to Silver Spring, Md., in 2021 as SLI transitioned from residential care to an intensive outpatient program. SLI also provides outpatient therapy, spiritual direction services, continuing care and national educational programs related to psychological and spiritual health of clergy, men and women religious, lay ministers and other leaders.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint Luke is led by Rev. Quinn Conners, O.Carm., Ph.D., interim president &amp; CEO. A clinical psychologist, Fr. Conners has been associated with the organization for 27 years and is a recognized expert in mental health care of priests and religious.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Saint Luke Institute is accredited by The Joint Commission and is licensed by the <a href="/wiki/Maryland_Department_of_Health" title="Maryland Department of Health">State of Maryland Department of Health</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Washington" title="Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington">Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hospitals_in_Maryland" title="List of hospitals in Maryland">List of hospitals in Maryland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 33em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.guidestar.org/profile/52-1082730">"Saint Luke Institute"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidestar.org%2Fprofile%2F52-1082730&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sli.org/services">"Services"</a>. <i>Saint Luke Institute</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%7C+About+Us&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sliconnect.org/category/articles/lukenotes/">"Saint Luke Institute | Lukenotes"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=St.+Luke%27s+Centre&amp;rft.atitle=St.+Luke%27s+Centre&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2Fst-lukes-centre-manchester-england%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hscrc.state.md.us/documents/Hospitals/ReportsFinancial/Audited/FY2010/StLuke-AFS2010.pdf">"St. Luke Audited Financial Statements"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Maryland Health Maryland Health Services Cost Review Commission. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2014-09-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%3A%3A+Capuchin+Father+David+Songy+Named+President&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fnews%2Fcapuchin-father-david-songy-named-president%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sli.org/about-us/locations/saint-luke-center-louisville-ky/">"Saint Luke Center | Louisville, Kentucky"</a>. <i>Saint Luke Institute | Louisville</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%7C+Louisville&amp;rft.atitle=Saint+Luke+Center+%7C+Louisville%2C+Kentucky&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2Fsaint-luke-center-louisville-ky%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sli.org/about-us/locations/saint-luke-center-baltimore/">"Saint Luke Center | Lutherville-Timonium"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 10,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Center+%7C+Lutherville-Timonium&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fabout-us%2Flocations%2Fsaint-luke-center-baltimore%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130613160428/http://www.sli.org/news/st-louis-consultation-center/">"Saint Luke Institute&#160;:: New Partnership with St. Louis Consultation Center"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sli.org/news/st-louis-consultation-center/">the original</a> on 2013-06-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+%3A%3A+New+Partnership+with+St.+Louis+Consultation+Center&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fnews%2Fst-louis-consultation-center%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sli.org/blog/press/welcome-new-president-ceo-rev-james-garvey-o-praem-d-min/">"Welcome Fr. James Garvey, O.Praem., D.Min"</a>. <i>Saint Luke Institute</i>. 2023-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Saint+Luke+Institute&amp;rft.atitle=Welcome+Fr.+James+Garvey%2C+O.Praem.%2C+D.Min.&amp;rft.date=2023-02-01&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fblog%2Fpress%2Fwelcome-new-president-ceo-rev-james-garvey-o-praem-d-min%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cathstan.org/news/us-world/saint-luke-institute-pivots-its-intensive-mental-health-treatment-center-away-from-residential-care">"Saint Luke Institute pivots its intensive mental health treatment center away from residential care"</a>. <i>Catholic Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-04-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Catholic+Standard&amp;rft.atitle=Saint+Luke+Institute+pivots+its+intensive+mental+health+treatment+center+away+from+residential+care&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcathstan.org%2Fnews%2Fus-world%2Fsaint-luke-institute-pivots-its-intensive-mental-health-treatment-center-away-from-residential-care&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sli.org/blog/leadership/rev-quinn-conners-named-interim-president-ceo/">"Rev. Quinn Conners, O.Carm., Ph.D., Named Interim President &amp; CEO of Saint Luke Institute"</a>. June 12, 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Rev.+Quinn+Conners%2C+O.Carm.%2C+Ph.D.%2C+Named+Interim+President+%26+CEO+of+Saint+Luke+Institute&amp;rft.date=2024-06-12&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsli.org%2Fblog%2Fleadership%2Frev-quinn-conners-named-interim-president-ceo%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASaint+Luke+Institute" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint_Luke_Institute&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sli.org">Saint Luke Institute</a> official site</li></ul> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Saint_Luke_Institute&amp;params=39_0_10_N_76_58_49_W_region:US-MD_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">39°0′10″N</span> <span class="longitude">76°58′49″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">39.00278°N 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hospitals_in_Maryland" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hospitals_in_Maryland" title="Template:Hospitals in Maryland"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hospitals_in_Maryland" title="Template talk:Hospitals in Maryland"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hospitals_in_Maryland" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hospitals in Maryland"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hospitals_in_Maryland" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hospitals in Maryland</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General/Acute/Emergency</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventist_HealthCare_Fort_Washington_Medical_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventist HealthCare Fort Washington Medical Center (page does not exist)">Adventist HealthCare - Fort Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_HealthCare_Shady_Grove_Medical_Center" title="Adventist HealthCare Shady Grove Medical Center">Adventist HealthCare - Shady Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adventist_HealthCare_White_Oak_Medical_Center" title="Adventist HealthCare White Oak Medical Center">Adventist HealthCare - White Oak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_Arundel_Medical_Center" title="Anne Arundel Medical Center">Anne Arundel Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Atlantic_General_Hospital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Atlantic General Hospital (page does not exist)">Atlantic General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CalvertHealth_Medical_Center" title="CalvertHealth Medical Center">CalvertHealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carroll_Hospital" title="Carroll Hospital">Carroll Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Doctors_Community_Hospital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Doctors Community Hospital (page does not exist)">Doctors Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Health_Hospital" title="Frederick Health Hospital">Frederick Health</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Garrett_Regional_Medical_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Garrett Regional Medical Center (page does not exist)">Garrett Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Medical_Center_(Baltimore)" title="Grace Medical Center (Baltimore)">Grace Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Baltimore_Medical_Center" title="Greater Baltimore Medical Center">GBMC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holy_Cross_Germantown_Hospital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holy Cross Germantown Hospital (page does not exist)">Holy Cross - Germantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Cross_Hospital_(Silver_Spring)" title="Holy Cross Hospital (Silver Spring)">Holy Cross - Silver Spring</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Bayview_Medical_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Bayview Medical Center">Johns Hopkins Bayview</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Howard_County_Medical_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Howard County Medical Center">Johns Hopkins Howard County</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_Franklin_Square_Medical_Center" title="MedStar Franklin Square Medical Center">MedStar Franklin Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_Good_Samaritan_Hospital" title="MedStar Good Samaritan Hospital">MedStar Good Samaritan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_Harbor_Hospital" title="MedStar Harbor Hospital">MedStar Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_Montgomery_Medical_Center" title="MedStar Montgomery Medical Center">MedStar Montgomery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_Southern_Maryland_Hospital_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="MedStar Southern Maryland Hospital Center">MedStar Southern Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_St._Mary%27s_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="MedStar St. Mary&#39;s Hospital">MedStar St. Mary's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_Union_Memorial_Hospital" title="MedStar Union Memorial Hospital">MedStar Union Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mercy_Medical_Center_(Baltimore,_Maryland)" title="Mercy Medical Center (Baltimore, Maryland)">Mercy</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meritus_Medical_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meritus Medical Center (page does not exist)">Meritus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Hospital_(Randallstown,_Maryland)" title="Northwest Hospital (Randallstown, Maryland)">Northwest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Hospital_(Baltimore)" title="St. Agnes Hospital (Baltimore)">St. Agnes</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sinai_Hospital_(Maryland)" title="Sinai Hospital (Maryland)">Sinai</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suburban_Hospital" title="Suburban Hospital">Suburban</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/TidalHealth_Peninsula_Regional" title="TidalHealth Peninsula Regional">TidalHealth Peninsula Regional</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Hospital_(Maryland)" class="mw-redirect" title="Union Hospital (Maryland)">Union</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UPMC_Western_Maryland" title="UPMC Western Maryland">UPMC Western Maryland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_Center" title="University of Maryland Medical Center">University of Maryland Medical Center (UMMC)</a> (<a href="/wiki/R_Adams_Cowley_Shock_Trauma_Center" title="R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center">R Adams Cowley Shock Trauma Center)</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_Center_Midtown_Campus" title="University of Maryland Medical Center Midtown Campus">UMMC Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Baltimore_Washington_Medical_Center" title="University of Maryland Baltimore Washington Medical Center">UM Baltimore Washington Medical Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_System#University_of_Maryland_Capital_Region_Health" title="University of Maryland Medical System">UM Capital Region</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Charles_Regional_Medical_Center" title="University of Maryland Charles Regional Medical Center">UM Charles Regional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Harford_Memorial_Hospital" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland Harford Memorial Hospital">UM Harford Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Chestertown" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Chestertown"> UM Shore - Chestertown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Easton" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Easton"> UM Shore - Easton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_St._Joseph_Medical_Center" title="University of Maryland St. Joseph Medical Center">UM St. Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Upper_Chesapeake_Medical_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland Upper Chesapeake Medical Center">UM Upper Chesapeake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">Walter Reed NMMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Freestanding Emergency Centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventist_HealthCare_-_Germantown_Emergency_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventist HealthCare - Germantown Emergency Center (page does not exist)">Adventist HealthCare - Germantown EC</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=TidalHealth_McCready_Pavilion&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="TidalHealth McCready Pavilion (page does not exist)">TidalHealth McCready Pavilion</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Maryland_Bowie_Health_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Maryland Bowie Health Center (page does not exist)">UM Bowie Health Center EC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Laurel_Medical_Center" title="University of Maryland Laurel Medical Center">UM Laurel Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Cambridge&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Cambridge (page does not exist)">UM Shore - Cambridge MC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Emergency_Center_at_Queenstown" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland Shore Emergency Center at Queenstown">UM Shore - Queenstown EC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Long term/rehab/outpatient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventist_Rehabilitation_Hospital_of_Maryland&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventist Rehabilitation Hospital of Maryland (page does not exist)">Adventist Rehabilitation Hospital of Maryland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brandenburg_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brandenburg Center (page does not exist)">Brandenburg Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deer%27s_Head_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Deer&#39;s Head Center (page does not exist)">Deer's Head Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gladys_Spellman_Specialty_Hospital_%26_Nursing_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gladys Spellman Specialty Hospital &amp; Nursing Center (page does not exist)">Gladys Spellman Specialty Hospital &amp; Nursing Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Holly_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Holly Center (page does not exist)">Holly Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kennedy_Krieger_Institute" title="Kennedy Krieger Institute">Kennedy Krieger Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Rehabilitation_%26_Orthopaedic_Institute" title="University of Maryland Rehabilitation &amp; Orthopaedic Institute">UM Rehab &amp; Ortho Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeBridge_Health#Levindale_Hebrew_Geriatric_Center_and_Hospital" title="LifeBridge Health">Levindale Hebrew Geriatric Center and Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mt._Washington_Pediatric_Hospital" title="Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital">Mt. Washington Pediatric Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baltimore_VA_Medical_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Baltimore VA Medical Center (page does not exist)">VA Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perry_Point_VA_Medical_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perry Point VA Medical Center (page does not exist)">VA Perry Point</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Western_Maryland_Hospital_Center_(Hagerstown)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Western Maryland Hospital Center (Hagerstown) (page does not exist)">Western Maryland Hospital Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychiatric</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventist_Behavioral_Health_Eastern_Shore&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventist Behavioral Health Eastern Shore (page does not exist)">Adventist Behavioral Health Eastern Shore</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adventist_Behavioral_Health_Rockville&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adventist Behavioral Health Rockville (page does not exist)">Adventist Behavioral Health Rockville</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brook_Lane_Psychiatric_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Brook Lane Psychiatric Center (page does not exist)">Brook Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clifton_T._Perkins_Hospital_Center" title="Clifton T. Perkins Hospital Center">Clifton T. Perkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Shore_Hospital_Center" title="Eastern Shore Hospital Center">Eastern Shore</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Luke Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheppard_and_Enoch_Pratt_Hospital" title="Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital">Sheppard Pratt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheppard_Pratt_at_Elkridge" title="Sheppard Pratt at Elkridge">Sheppard Pratt at Elkridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheppard_Pratt_at_Ellicott_City" title="Sheppard Pratt at Ellicott City">Sheppard Pratt at Ellicott City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Grove_Hospital_Center" title="Spring Grove Hospital Center">Spring Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springfield_Hospital_Center" title="Springfield Hospital Center">Springfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_B._Finan_Center" title="Thomas B. Finan Center">Thomas B. Finan Center</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Research/Teaching</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Hospital" title="Johns Hopkins Hospital">Johns Hopkins Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_Children%27s_Center" title="Johns Hopkins Children&#39;s Center">Johns Hopkins Children's Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MedStar_Union_Memorial_Hospital" title="MedStar Union Memorial Hospital">MedStar Union Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health" title="National Institutes of Health">NIH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Hospital_(Baltimore)" title="St. Agnes Hospital (Baltimore)">St. Agnes Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Medical_Center" title="University of Maryland Medical Center">University of Maryland Medical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Institutes_of_Health_Clinical_Center" title="National Institutes of Health Clinical Center">National Institutes of Health Clinical Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reed_National_Military_Medical_Center" title="Walter Reed National Military Medical Center">Walter Reed NMMC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltimore_General_Dispensary" title="Baltimore General Dispensary">Baltimore General Dispensary</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Children%27s_Hospital_(Maryland)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Children&#39;s Hospital (Maryland) (page does not exist)">Children's Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Home_and_Hospital" title="Church Home and Hospital">Church Home and Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crownsville_Hospital_Center" title="Crownsville Hospital Center">Crownsville Hospital Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edward_W._McCready_Memorial_Hospital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Edward W. McCready Memorial Hospital (page does not exist)">McCready Memorial</a></li> <li>Fallston General Hospital</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_Haven" title="Forest Haven">Forest Haven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Howard_Veterans_Hospital" title="Fort Howard Veterans Hospital">Fort Howard Veterans Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Dale_Hospital" title="Glenn Dale Hospital">Glenn Dale Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gundry_Sanitarium" title="Gundry Sanitarium">Gundry Sanitarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henryton_State_Hospital" title="Henryton State Hospital">Henryton State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jarvis_Hospital" title="Jarvis Hospital">Jarvis Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Sanitarium" title="Laurel Sanitarium">Laurel Sanitarium</a></li> <li>Lutheran Hospital</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Memorial_Hospital_(Cumberland)" title="Memorial Hospital (Cumberland)">Memorial of Cumberland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pine_Bluff_State_Hospital" title="Pine Bluff State Hospital">Pine Bluff State Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provident_Hospital_(Baltimore)" title="Provident Hospital (Baltimore)">Provident Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosewood_Center" title="Rosewood Center">Rosewood Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sydenham_Hospital_for_Communicable_Diseases" title="Sydenham Hospital for Communicable Diseases">Sydenham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMHS_Braddock_Campus_(Cumberland,_Maryland)" title="WMHS Braddock Campus (Cumberland, Maryland)">Sacred Heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland_Shore_Medical_Center_at_Dorchester" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Maryland Shore Medical Center at Dorchester"> UM Shore - Dorchester</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_of_Maryland_Prince_George%27s_Hospital_Center&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University of Maryland Prince George&#39;s Hospital Center (page does not exist)">UM Prince George's</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=University_Specialty_Hospital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="University Specialty Hospital (page does not exist)">University Specialty Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_P_Carter_Center" title="Walter P Carter Center">Walter P Carter Center</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Washington_County_Hospital&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Washington County Hospital (page does not exist)">Washington County Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Baltimore_Medical_Center#History" title="Greater Baltimore Medical Center">Women's Hospital</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>Italics</i> denote designated <a href="/wiki/Trauma_center" title="Trauma center">Trauma Centers</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.eqiad.main‐69c974fc68‐wkz29 Cached time: 20241231035732 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.365 seconds Real time usage: 0.518 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2119/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 63893/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1537/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 10/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 79733/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.244/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 5495189/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 472.470 1 -total 33.28% 157.260 1 Template:Reflist 25.06% 118.421 15 Template:Cite_web 19.53% 92.281 1 Template:Infobox_organization 18.75% 88.572 1 Template:Short_description 17.79% 84.056 1 Template:Hospitals_in_Maryland 17.09% 80.722 1 Template:Navbox 16.64% 78.604 1 Template:Infobox 8.95% 42.289 2 Template:Pagetype 7.58% 35.792 5 Template:Main_other --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22256167:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241231035732 and revision id 1250222875. 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Pascal Rigo
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Pascal Rigo - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Pascal Rigo</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1960-09-04</span>) </span>4 September 1960<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;64)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N&#39;Djamena">Fort-Lamy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chad" title="Chad">Chad</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data">MACI-BEM.Master in International Trade- CAP Boulanger</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Baker. SVP Starbucks</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data">Owner of The Bay Bread Group and La Boulange</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pascal Rigo</b> (born 4 September 1960) is a French <a href="/wiki/Restaurateur" title="Restaurateur">Restaurateur</a> who owns a small "empire"<sup id="cite_ref-Walden_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> of <a href="/wiki/Boulangerie" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulangerie">boulangeries</a>, restaurants, and wholesale and retail bakeries in <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="San Francisco, California">San Francisco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mill_Valley,_California" title="Mill Valley, California">Mill Valley, California</a>, that operate as <b>La Boulangerie de San Francisco</b>, <b>Bay Bread</b>, <b>La Boulange</b>, and (formerly) <b>Cortez</b>, <b>Chez Nous</b>, <b>Gallette</b>, and others. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pascal Rigo was born in <a href="/wiki/N%27Djamena" title="N&#39;Djamena">N'Djamena</a>, formally known as Fort-Lamy. At the age of 7, after running a daily errand to buy two baguettes for his family,<sup id="cite_ref-books_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rigo apprenticed at his village's bakery.<sup id="cite_ref-bj_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He later earned a business degree from the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Bordeaux" title="University of Bordeaux">University of Bordeaux</a> and became a certified professional baker. Rigo first moved to California to begin importing local wine from France. He stayed in the U.S. to open a bakery in <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles, California">Los Angeles</a> and later moved to San Francisco. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bakery">Bakery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Bakery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1996, Rigo founded Panissimo Group, which ran the bakery on Pine Street that later became Bay Bread.<sup id="cite_ref-bj_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He chose to live and have an office at the central location in a former French laundry on the busy thoroughfare. Rigo also bought and continues to operate San Francisco's oldest <a href="/wiki/Flour_mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Flour mill">flour mill</a>, which Bay Bread uses to produce organic flour for its loaves.<sup id="cite_ref-bj_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rigo originally intended to operate his business as a wholesale bakery, but soon began selling loaves and then <a href="/wiki/Croissants" class="mw-redirect" title="Croissants">croissants</a> directly to the public. A positive review in the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Examiner" title="San Francisco Examiner">San Francisco Examiner</a> initially popularized the bakery.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rigo renamed it the "Boulangerie" after painting the word on the colorful awning over the sidewalk, and then opened similarly themed dine-in bakeries throughout the city. One, in <a href="/wiki/Cole_Valley" class="mw-redirect" title="Cole Valley">Cole Valley</a>, is the site of the former <a href="/wiki/Tassajara_Bakery" class="mw-redirect" title="Tassajara Bakery">Tassajara Bakery</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-trends_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trends-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> where San Francisco's modern artisan bread movement began. </p><p>In the late 1990s and early 2000s, Rigo and his business partners invested in and founded a number of restaurants, including Soleil, Rigolo, Gallette, La Table, Le Petit Robert, Chez Nous, Americano,<sup id="cite_ref-books_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and Plantanos.<sup id="cite_ref-Walden_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walden-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> One of these restaurants, Cortez, earned a <a href="/wiki/Michelin_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Michelin Star">Michelin Star</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2001, Rigo and partners bought Oh-La-La, one of San Francisco's oldest coffee house chains.<sup id="cite_ref-trends_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trends-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-swallows_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-swallows-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The group later divested of most of its restaurants to concentrate on its bakeries.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In 2009, they bought a share of Miette, a small chain of candy stores and cupcake bakers.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to its retail operations, the company supplies bread to grocery stores, restaurants, and hotels in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-bj_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Some rival food entrepreneurs in San Francisco's small French entrepreneur community have criticized Rigo for his fast expansion efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The <i>New York Times</i> called Rigo "the only real entrepreneur" among the community.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Rigo has intentionally avoided publicity to avoid encouraging a backlash from critics.<sup id="cite_ref-bj_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bj-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2003 Rigo co-wrote a cookbook titled "<i>The American Boulangerie: Authentic French Pastries and Breads for the Home Kitchen</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-books_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 4, 2012, Rigo sold La Boulange Bakery to Starbucks for $100 million.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> However, in June 2015, Starbucks announced it would close all of its La Boulange cafes by the end of September 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Later, Rigo announced plans to re-open six of the La Boulange locations under the name "La Boulangerie de San Francisco."<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Walden-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walden_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walden_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFGraceAnn_Walden2005" class="citation news cs1">GraceAnn Walden (2005-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2005/09/14/FDGN0EKEE71.DTL&amp;hw=pascal+rigo&amp;sn=006&amp;sc=593">"Rigo expands his empire"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Rigo+expands+his+empire&amp;rft.date=2005-09-14&amp;rft.au=GraceAnn+Walden&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2005%2F09%2F14%2FFDGN0EKEE71.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D006%26sc%3D593&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreg_Hugunin2001" class="citation news cs1">Greg Hugunin (2001-06-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfweekly.com/2001-06-20/restaurants/galette/">"Galette:Into the Fold"</a>. SF Weekly.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Galette%3AInto+the+Fold&amp;rft.date=2001-06-20&amp;rft.au=Greg+Hugunin&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfweekly.com%2F2001-06-20%2Frestaurants%2Fgalette%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-books_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-books_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKarola_Saekel2003" class="citation news cs1">Karola Saekel (2003-12-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/12/24/FDGJU3QL1R1.DTL&amp;hw=pascal+rigo&amp;sn=002&amp;sc=756">"Bread bakers bank on lots of dough:Tips from Bay Area's Rigo and others make baking easy"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Bread+bakers+bank+on+lots+of+dough%3ATips+from+Bay+Area%27s+Rigo+and+others+make+baking+easy&amp;rft.date=2003-12-24&amp;rft.au=Karola+Saekel&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2003%2F12%2F24%2FFDGJU3QL1R1.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D002%26sc%3D756&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bj-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bj_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bj_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bj_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bj_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bj_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJulie_Ratner2001" class="citation news cs1">Julie Ratner (2001-09-14). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bizjournals.com/sanfrancisco/stories/2001/09/17/smallb1.html">"Rising profile:Businessman and baker Pascal Rigo is rolling out restaurants across the city"</a>. San Francisco Business Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Rising+profile%3ABusinessman+and+baker+Pascal+Rigo+is+rolling+out+restaurants+across+the+city&amp;rft.date=2001-09-14&amp;rft.au=Julie+Ratner&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bizjournals.com%2Fsanfrancisco%2Fstories%2F2001%2F09%2F17%2Fsmallb1.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051208051432/http://www.baybread.com/pine.php">"Boulangerie at Pine Street"</a>. Bay Bread. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baybread.com/pine.php?PHPSESSID=03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369">the original</a> on 2005-12-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Boulangerie+at+Pine+Street&amp;rft.pub=Bay+Bread&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaybread.com%2Fpine.php%3FPHPSESSID%3D03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-trends-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-trends_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-trends_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeidi_Benson2001" class="citation news cs1">Heidi Benson (2001-09-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2001/09/16/CM75661.DTL&amp;hw=pascal+rigo&amp;sn=001&amp;sc=1000">"Trendspotting"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Trendspotting&amp;rft.date=2001-09-16&amp;rft.au=Heidi+Benson&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2001%2F09%2F16%2FCM75661.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D001%26sc%3D1000&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070107080259/http://www.baybread.com/cole.php">"Boulange de Cole"</a>. Bay Bread. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://baybread.com/cole.php?PHPSESSID=03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369">the original</a> on 2007-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Boulange+de+Cole&amp;rft.pub=Bay+Bread&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaybread.com%2Fcole.php%3FPHPSESSID%3D03ca183ed3afc870f6c916ac14bdb369&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716233923/http://sfist.com/2005/06/02/gastronomique_sous_le_soleil_exactement.php">"Gastronomique: Sous le Soleil Exactement"</a>. SFist. 2005-06-02. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sfist.com/2005/06/02/gastronomique_sous_le_soleil_exactement.php">the original</a> on 2011-07-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Gastronomique%3A+Sous+le+Soleil+Exactement&amp;rft.date=2005-06-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsfist.com%2F2005%2F06%2F02%2Fgastronomique_sous_le_soleil_exactement.php&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130128155817/http://www.latimes.com/features/printedition/food/la-fo-journal24oct24,1,966153.story">"New Michelin guide sprinkles stars in Bay Area"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. 2007-10-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/features/printedition/food/la-fo-journal24oct24,1,966153.story">the original</a> on 2013-01-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&amp;rft.atitle=New+Michelin+guide+sprinkles+stars+in+Bay+Area&amp;rft.date=2007-10-24&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Ffeatures%2Fprintedition%2Ffood%2Fla-fo-journal24oct24%2C1%2C966153.story&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-swallows-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-swallows_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarol_Emert1999" class="citation news cs1">Carol Emert (1999-10-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/1999/10/13/BU26850.DTL&amp;hw=pascal+rigo&amp;sn=075&amp;sc=719">"Breadmaker Rises Up to Swallow Oh-La-La Coffee Chain"</a>. 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San Francisco Chronicle. 2008-04-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Inside+Scoop%3A+San+Francisco%27s+Cortez%2C+Pescheria+sold%3B+Perry%27s+closes&amp;rft.date=2008-04-02&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F04%2F02%2FFDVKVR0PB.DTL%26type%3Dprintable&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2008/07/23/FD9M11RHC6.DTL&amp;hw=pascal+rigo&amp;sn=002&amp;sc=350">"The Inside Scoop: Gastropub planned for Marina; Ponzu gets a new chef"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 2008-07-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+Inside+Scoop%3A+Gastropub+planned+for+Marina%3B+Ponzu+gets+a+new+chef&amp;rft.date=2008-07-23&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2008%2F07%2F23%2FFD9M11RHC6.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D002%26sc%3D350&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2009/01/14/FD0P156T0Q.DTL&amp;hw=pascal+rigo&amp;sn=001&amp;sc=291">"Manresa's Syhabout eyes Jojo's space"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle. 2009-01-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=Manresa%27s+Syhabout+eyes+Jojo%27s+space&amp;rft.date=2009-01-14&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fcgi-bin%2Farticle.cgi%3Ff%3D%2Fc%2Fa%2F2009%2F01%2F14%2FFD0P156T0Q.DTL%26hw%3Dpascal%2Brigo%26sn%3D001%26sc%3D291&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGraceAnn_Walden2000" class="citation news cs1">GraceAnn Walden (2000-11-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2000/11/29/FD55094.DTL&amp;hw=pascal+rigo&amp;sn=007&amp;sc=581">"Galette to Open in Pacific Heights"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-04-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=The+American+Boulangerie&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thefoodpaper.com%2Fcookbooks%2Famericanboulangerie.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLucchesi" class="citation web cs1">Lucchesi, Paolo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insidescoopsf.sfgate.com/blog/2012/06/04/la-boulange-sold-to-starbucks-for-100-million/?tsp=1">"La Boulange sold to Starbucks for $100 million"</a>. <i>Inside Scoop</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 4,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Inside+Scoop&amp;rft.atitle=La+Boulange+sold+to+Starbucks+for+%24100+million&amp;rft.aulast=Lucchesi&amp;rft.aufirst=Paolo&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsidescoopsf.sfgate.com%2Fblog%2F2012%2F06%2F04%2Fla-boulange-sold-to-starbucks-for-100-million%2F%3Ftsp%3D1&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-starbucks-closure-idUSKBN0OX0B420150617">"Starbucks to close all La Boulange retail locations"</a>. <i>Reuters</i>. 2015-06-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-06-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Reuters&amp;rft.atitle=Starbucks+to+close+all+La+Boulange+retail+locations&amp;rft.date=2015-06-17&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-starbucks-closure-idUSKBN0OX0B420150617&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSarah_Fritsche2015" class="citation news cs1">Sarah Fritsche (2015-09-27). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insidescoopsf.sfgate.com/blog/2015/09/25/pascal-rigos-la-boulange-will-live-again-as-la-boulangerie-de-san-francisco/">"La Boulange will live again as La Boulangerie de San Francisco"</a>. San Francisco Chronicle.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.atitle=La+Boulange+will+live+again+as+La+Boulangerie+de+San+Francisco&amp;rft.date=2015-09-27&amp;rft.au=Sarah+Fritsche&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsidescoopsf.sfgate.com%2Fblog%2F2015%2F09%2F25%2Fpascal-rigos-la-boulange-will-live-again-as-la-boulangerie-de-san-francisco%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APascal+Rigo" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pascal_Rigo&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://laboulangebakery.com/">La Boulange Bakery</a></span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000003258315X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/11676699">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJm98fVpWPKVFdyqBQPWjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n2003002810">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐qkjn9 Cached time: 20241228190809 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.439 seconds Real time usage: 0.522 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2383/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 37386/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1321/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 71721/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.295/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6970344/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities 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Jim Tinndahn
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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jim Tinndahn</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jan Leif Tinndahn</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1961-12-27</span>) </span>27 December 1961<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;63)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/North_Zealand" title="North Zealand">North Zealand</a>, Denmark</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Other&#160;names</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">"Big Jim", "Solkongen"</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw biker">Outlaw biker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangster" title="Gangster">gangster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Auto_mechanic" title="Auto mechanic">auto mechanic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years&#160;active</th><td class="infobox-data">1980–</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data">President of the <a href="/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bandidos Motorcycle Club">Bandidos</a> in Europe and Asia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data">Michael Rosenvold</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Allegiance</th><td class="infobox-data">666 MC <br /> Morticians MC <br /> Undertakers MC <br /> <a href="/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bandidos Motorcycle Club">Bandidos MC</a> (1993–)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">Conviction(s)</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data">Aggravated drunk driving, gross negligence in traffic and grievous bodily harm (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Criminal penalty</th><td class="infobox-data">9 months' imprisonment (2015)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jan Leif Tinndahn</b> (born 27 January 1961), also known as "Big Jim" and "<i>Solkongen</i>" ("Sun King"), is a Danish <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker" class="mw-redirect" title="Outlaw biker">outlaw biker</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gangster" title="Gangster">gangster</a> who served as the president of the <a href="/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bandidos Motorcycle Club">Bandidos Motorcycle Club</a> in Europe between 1994 and 2012. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The son of factory worker parents, Tinndahn was born in <a href="/wiki/North_Zealand" title="North Zealand">North Zealand</a> and described his childhood as "an ordinary working class upbringing". He struggled in school as a result of <a href="/wiki/Dyslexia" title="Dyslexia">dyslexia</a>, and was reportedly quiet and introverted. Tinndahn instead took an interest in <a href="/wiki/Moped" title="Moped">mopeds</a>, and he later trained as a <a href="/wiki/Mechanic" title="Mechanic">mechanic</a>, an occupation from which he was granted early retirement due to spinal <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a>. Despite disapproval from his parents, Tinndahn, along with his brother, became involved with <a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">outlaw motorcycle clubs</a> at the age of seventeen, joining and later serving as president of the 666 club. He married and fathered three sons.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bandidos">Bandidos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Bandidos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tinndahn became a member of the <a href="/wiki/Zealand" title="Zealand">Zealand</a>-based Morticians Motorcycle Club, which was initially a <a href="/wiki/Support_club" class="mw-redirect" title="Support club">support club</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Hells_Angels_Motorcycle_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Hells Angels Motorcycle Club">Hells Angels</a> before disputes between the clubs led to the Morticians breaking away from the Angels in late 1988.<sup id="cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> When the Hells Angels began a strategy of suppressing smaller clubs in the early 1990s, the Morticians aligned with other bikers opposed to or rejected by the Angels, merging to form the Undertakers MC.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Undertakers, of which Tinndahn was president, established two chapters – "Northland", based in <a href="/wiki/Stenl%C3%B8se,_Denmark" class="mw-redirect" title="Stenløse, Denmark">Stenløse</a>, and "East Coast", in <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8rsholm" title="Hørsholm">Hørsholm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Seeking protection from the Hells Angels by joining a larger international club, Tinndahn and the Undertakers contacted <a href="/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bandidos Motorcycle Club">Bandidos</a> leaders in the United States and France in 1992. After serving as prospective members for a time, the Undertakers "patched over" to join the Bandidos on 17 December 1993.<sup id="cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Hells Angels permitted the Bandidos' expansion into Scandinavia on the condition that they confine themselves to their two original chapters in Denmark. As leader of the Bandidos, Tinndahn had no intention of adhering to the Hells Angels' protocol, and his club made the Morbids MC across the <a href="/wiki/%C3%98resund_Strait" class="mw-redirect" title="Øresund Strait">Øresund Strait</a> in <a href="/wiki/Helsingborg" title="Helsingborg">Helsingborg</a> a probationary chapter in January 1994. The Bandidos' amalgamation of the Morbids infuriated the <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a> Hells Angels chapter, who declared war on the Helsingborg club.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The events in <a href="/wiki/Scania" title="Scania">Scania</a> led to the outbreak of the <a href="/wiki/Nordic_Biker_War" title="Nordic Biker War">Nordic Biker War</a>. As violence escalated, leaders of the Bandidos and the Hells Angels in the U.S. attempted to bring an end to the conflict diplomatically. The Bandidos' "mother chapter" in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a> was unable to control its probate chapter in Helsingborg, however, as Tinndahn continued to support the Morbids' retaliation against the Angels.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was appointed as the Bandidos' European president,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and transferred from the Stenløse-based Northland chapter to the Helsingborg chapter in June 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Englenes_gerninger_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Englenes_gerninger-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tinndahn received the sobriquet "<i>Solkongen</i>" ("Sun King") from his fellow Bandidos members in reference to King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> of France, who ruled under a system of <a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">absolute monarchy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He selected <a href="/wiki/Claus_Bork_Hansen" title="Claus Bork Hansen">Claus Bork Hansen</a> as his personal bodyguard.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The conflict steadily worsened after the Northland chapter became the Bandidos' European headquarters in August 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> By the summer of 1997, hostilities between the Bandidos and the Hells Angels had effectively came to an end as the conflict was producing no clear victor, and the bikers' businesses were being negatively effected.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Tinndahn was among the initiators of the mediation process that led to the end of the war.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 25 September 1997, he and Hells Angels president <a href="/wiki/Bent_Svane_Nielsen" title="Bent Svane Nielsen">Bent "Blondie" Svane Nielsen</a> held a live televised press conference and announced an end to the biker war.<sup id="cite_ref-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Although not disclosed to the public, Tinndahn and Nielsen had signed a <a href="/wiki/Peace_treaty" title="Peace treaty">peace treaty</a> designating each club's territory, right down to individual bars, cafés and nightclubs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> During and after the biker war, the eloquent Tinndahn became a figure in the Danish media, participating in television interviews and debates with civic groups campaigning for the removal of motorcycle clubs from the local community.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In June 2010, he announced that the peace treaty between the Bandidos and the Hells Angels had collapsed, partly because the Angels had breached terms of the agreement by admitting six Bandidos members.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tinndahn was arrested and charged with aggravated theft after police raided the Helsingborg Bandidos chapter clubhouse, where he resided, on 29 October 2008. The raid involved between fifteen and twenty police officers and the use of a <a href="/wiki/Plasan_SandCat" title="Plasan SandCat">Plasan SandCat</a> armoured car. Tinndahn was suspected in the theft of three racing motorcycles, worth a combined <a href="/wiki/Swedish_krona" title="Swedish krona">SEK</a>600,000, which were stolen from a racing track garage in <a href="/wiki/Falkenberg" title="Falkenberg">Falkenberg</a> on 19 September.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He was implicated in the investigation as a result of a police <a href="/wiki/Wiretap" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiretap">wiretap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> According to prosecutors, Tinndahn played a leading role in the handling of the motorcycles by having them transported to Helsingborg. He denied the allegations, claiming that he was attempting to have the motorcycles returned to their owner.<sup id="cite_ref-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 2 December 2008, Tinndahn was acquitted of the charges.<sup id="cite_ref-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>As leader of the Bandidos in Europe and Asia, Tinndahn ruled over a faction of 1,600 bikers and was among the three most powerful members of the club, along with the presidents in the U.S. and Australia. In 2011, the international Bandidos organization splintered, with the club's <a href="/wiki/Western_Hemisphere" title="Western Hemisphere">Western Hemisphere</a> chapters breaking away from the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Hemisphere" title="Eastern Hemisphere">Eastern Hemisphere</a> branches. During his eighteen-year tenure as president, Tinndahn oversaw the opening of 130 club chapters. He stepped down from the role in June 2012, and was succeeded by his former vice-president, Michael "Kokken" Rosenvold.<sup id="cite_ref-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>At approximately 2:00 am on 7 October 2012, Tinndahn crashed his <a href="/wiki/Audi_Q7" title="Audi Q7">Audi Q7</a> near Malmö's <a href="/wiki/Emporia_(shopping_mall)" title="Emporia (shopping mall)">Emporia</a> shopping mall while returning to Helsingborg from a Bandidos party in the Malmö suburb of <a href="/wiki/Bunkeflostrand" title="Bunkeflostrand">Bunkeflostrand</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While Tinndahn escaped with minor injuries, his passenger, fellow Bandidos member Carlos Åkesson, suffered brain damage and remained in a coma until his death on 18 December 2014 as a result of cardiac arrest. Tinndahn was questioned by police after the incident, although he was not initially charged with a crime despite a blood test showing traces of <a href="/wiki/Benzoylecgonine" title="Benzoylecgonine">benzoylecgonine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">tetrahydrocannabinol</a> in his system. Following Åkesson's death, Tinndahn initially did not comply with a police summons for further questioning, and it was suspected that he may have fled the country as he had reportedly been missing since June 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?-21"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He ultimately contacted police in February 2015, at which time he was formally indicted.<sup id="cite_ref-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president-22"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> On 28 December 2015, Tinndahn was convicted of aggravated drunk driving, gross negligence in traffic and grievous bodily harm at <a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6_District_Court" title="Malmö District Court">Malmö District Court</a> and sentenced to nine months in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen-23"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> This was his first custodial sentence despite previous convictions for possession of stolen goods, illegal gun possession and traffic violations.<sup id="cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> In July 2016, the <a href="/wiki/Scania_and_Blekinge_Court_of_Appeal" title="Scania and Blekinge Court of Appeal">Scania and Blekinge Court of Appeal</a> dismissed the charges of aggravated drunk driving and gross reckless driving, and reduced Tinndahn's sentence to probation and a fine of SEK5,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka-24"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tinndahn has kept a significantly lower profile since resigning as Bandidos president and he reportedly moved back to Denmark after residing in Helsingborg for several years. In August 2020, he made a rare public appearance at a Bandidos "show of force" event in <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6stved" title="Næstved">Næstved</a> at a time when the club was involved in a conflict with <a href="/w/index.php?title=Satudarah_Motorcycle_Club&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Satudarah Motorcycle Club (page does not exist)">Satudarah</a> on Zealand.<sup id="cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rockere_-_historisk_baggrund_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://faktalink.dk/titelliste/roce">Rockere - historisk baggrund</a> Carsten Fenger-Grøn and Malene Grøndahl, faktalink.dk (2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220420185755/https://faktalink.dk/titelliste/roce">Archived</a> 20 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Issues_in_Global_Crime-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Issues_in_Global_Crime_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zxUyHShvl0gC&amp;dq=bandidos+denmark+murder&amp;pg=PA78"><i>Issues in Global Crime</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_Security_Service" title="Diplomatic Security Service">Diplomatic Security Service</a> (1998) <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220430213037/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zxUyHShvl0gC&amp;pg=PA78&amp;lpg=PA78&amp;dq=bandidos+denmark+murder&amp;source=bl&amp;ots=ItfOXzTdyj&amp;sig=ACfU3U29MaRm0TKvwiI9kXbt2-3YgGX8_g&amp;hl=en&amp;sa=X&amp;ved=2ahUKEwjunqnp6qHlAhXjnVwKHWzwDQM4ChDoATAHegQICBAB">"Issues in Global Crime"</a>. 1998. Archived from the original on 30 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Issues+in+Global+Crime&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzxUyHShvl0gC%26dq%3Dbandidos%2Bdenmark%2Bmurder%26pg%3DPA78&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Tinndahn" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a458–459_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeno2007a">Veno 2007a</a>, pp.&#160;458–459.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a460–461_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeno2007a">Veno 2007a</a>, pp.&#160;460–461.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Stefan Schubert, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2JVErU9Cwp4C&amp;dq=%22Jim+Tinndahn%22&amp;pg=PT55">Wie die Hells Angels Deutschlands Unterwelt eroberten</a></i>, ISBN 978-3-86413-2-278, <a href="/wiki/Riva_Verlag" title="Riva Verlag">Riva Verlag</a>, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Englenes_gerninger-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Englenes_gerninger_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cq5jDgAAQBAJ&amp;dq=hells+angels+copenhagen+1980+unionen&amp;pg=PT57"><i>Englenes gerninger</i></a> Ambro Kragh (2017)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/ikke-bare-en-drabssag">Ikke bare en drabssag</a> Anders Damgaard, <i><a href="/wiki/Berlingske" title="Berlingske">Berlingske</a></i> (24 February 2002) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220424205238/https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/ikke-bare-en-drabssag">Archived</a> 24 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hells_Angels_Vs._Bandidos_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/cb20affb485b390c807663b7f59841bb">Hells Angels Vs. Bandidos: Bloody Battles on Nordic Streets</a> Doug Mellgren, <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (July 31, 1996) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220424164538/https://apnews.com/article/cb20affb485b390c807663b7f59841bb">"Archived copy"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></i>. Archived from the original on April 24, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Associated+Press&amp;rft.atitle=Archived+copy&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fcb20affb485b390c807663b7f59841bb&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Tinndahn" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown" title="Category:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeno2007a">Veno 2007a</a>, pp.&#160;466.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Danish_bikers_call_truce_in_deadly_feud_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/danish-bikers-call-truce-in-deadly-feud-1241207.html">Danish bikers call truce in deadly feud</a> <i><a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a></i> (25 September 1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425161309/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/danish-bikers-call-truce-in-deadly-feud-1241207.html">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVeno2007a466–467_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVeno2007a">Veno 2007a</a>, pp.&#160;466–467.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Polisens_nya_maktteori_om_Bandidosledaren_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/krim/polisens-nya-maktteori-om-bandidosledaren/">Polisens nya maktteori om Bandidosledaren</a> Jakob Kjelldén, <i><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvällsposten">Kvällsposten</a></i> (25 August 2020) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425190234/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/krim/polisens-nya-maktteori-om-bandidosledaren/">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://politiken.dk/indland/art4963613/Bandidos-pr%C3%A6sident-rev-personligt-fredsaftale-i-stykker">Bandidos-præsident rev personligt fredsaftale i stykker</a> Frank Hvilsom, <i><a href="/wiki/Politiken" title="Politiken">Politiken</a></i> (14 June 2010) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220430214426/https://politiken.dk/indland/art4963613/Bandidos-pr%C3%A6sident-rev-personligt-fredsaftale-i-stykker">Archived</a> 30 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandidos_president_begärd_häktad_i_mc-härva_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-president-begard-haktad-i-mc-harva/">Bandidos president begärd häktad i mc-härva</a> Lars-Olof Strömberg, <i><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvällsposten">Kvällsposten</a></i> (30 October 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425155802/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-president-begard-haktad-i-mc-harva/">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandidospresidenten_Jim_Tinndahn_åtalas_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/bandidospresidenten-jim-tinndahn-atalas/">Bandidospresidenten Jim Tinndahn åtalas</a> David Baas, <i><a href="/wiki/Expressen" title="Expressen">Expressen</a></i> (15 November 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426171056/https://www.expressen.se/nyheter/bandidospresidenten-jim-tinndahn-atalas/">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Glad_Bandidos-boss_løsladt_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4302206.ece">Glad Bandidos-boss løsladt</a> Sune Fischer and Mette Fleckner, <i><a href="/wiki/Ekstra_Bladet" title="Ekstra Bladet">Ekstra Bladet</a></i> (19 November 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426170817/https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4302206.ece">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dansk_top-rocker_frikendt_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/dansk-top-rocker-frikendt">Dansk top-rocker frikendt</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Berlingske" title="Berlingske">Berlingske</a></i> (2 December 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426201008/https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/dansk-top-rocker-frikendt">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandidos-boss_frikendt_i_Sverige_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nyheder.tv2.dk/krimi/2008-12-02-bandidosboss-frikendt-i-sverige">Bandidos-boss frikendt i Sverige</a> <a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> (2 December 2008) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220426201346/https://nyheder.tv2.dk/krimi/2008-12-02-bandidosboss-frikendt-i-sverige">Archived</a> 26 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tinndahn_går_af_som_præsident_for_Bandidos_i_Europa_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4029104.ece?ilc=c">Tinndahn går af som præsident for Bandidos i Europa</a> (7 June 2012) Annelise Pedersen, <i><a href="/wiki/Ekstra_Bladet" title="Ekstra Bladet">Ekstra Bladet</a></i> (8 June 2012) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425190712/https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article4029104.ece">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tidligere_rockerpræsident_forsvundet_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://localeyes.dk/a06748-3526-tidligere-rockerpraesident-forsvundet/">Tidligere rockerpræsident forsvundet</a> localeyes.dk (24 January 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425160632/https://localeyes.dk/a06748-3526-tidligere-rockerpraesident-forsvundet/">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rockerboss_spurlos_verschwunden:_Wo_steckt_„Mr._Bandidos“?_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bild.de/news/ausland/bandidos/ex-europa-chef-jim-tinndahn-seit-letztem-jahr-verschwunden-39504574.bild.html">Rockerboss spurlos verschwunden: Wo steckt „Mr. Bandidos“?</a> Ingrid Raagaard, <i><a href="/wiki/Bild" title="Bild">Bild</a></i> (27 January 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425160921/https://www.bild.de/news/ausland/bandidos/ex-europa-chef-jim-tinndahn-seit-letztem-jahr-verschwunden-39504574.bild.html">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nu_åtalas_Bandidos_tidigare_president_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/nu-atalas-bandidos-tidigare-president/">Nu åtalas Bandidos tidigare president</a> Maria Rydhagen and Lars-Olof Strömberg, <i><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvällsposten">Kvällsposten</a></i> (30 October 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220425162050/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/nu-atalas-bandidos-tidigare-president/">Archived</a> 25 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandidos_ex-president_döms_efter_kraschen_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-ex-president-doms-efter-kraschen/">Bandidos ex-president döms efter kraschen</a> Claes Carlson, <i><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvällsposten">Kvällsposten</a></i> (28 December 2015) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429154612/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-ex-president-doms-efter-kraschen/">Archived</a> 29 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bandidos-bossen_blir_friad_från_dödsolycka_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-bossen-blir-friad-fran-dodsolycka/">Bandidos-bossen blir friad från dödsolycka</a> Magnus Anderson, <i><a href="/wiki/Kv%C3%A4llsposten" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvällsposten">Kvällsposten</a></i> (7 July 2016) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220429162606/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/bandidos-bossen-blir-friad-fran-dodsolycka/">Archived</a> 29 April 2022 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeno2007a" class="citation cs2">Veno, Arthur (2007), <i>The Mammoth Book of Bikers</i>, <a href="/wiki/Avalon_Publishing_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Avalon Publishing Group">Avalon Publishing Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780786720460" title="Special:BookSources/9780786720460"><bdi>9780786720460</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=The+Mammoth+Book+of+Bikers&amp;rft.pub=Avalon+Publishing+Group&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.isbn=9780786720460&amp;rft.aulast=Veno&amp;rft.aufirst=Arthur&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJim+Tinndahn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jim_Tinndahn&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm1408110/">Jim Tinndahn</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Template:Bandidos Motorcycle Club"><abbr title="View this template" style="color: #C00000">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Template talk:Bandidos Motorcycle Club"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color: #C00000">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bandidos Motorcycle Club"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color: #C00000">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bandidos Motorcycle Club"><span class="tmpl-colored-link" style="color: #C00000; text-decoration: inherit;">Bandidos Motorcycle Club</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Aravena" title="Marcello Aravena">Marcello Aravena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_%22Caesar%22_Campbell" title="Colin &quot;Caesar&quot; Campbell">Colin "Caesar" Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Eugene_Chambers" title="Donald Eugene Chambers">Donald Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Heinz_Elten" title="Rudi Heinz Elten">Rudi Heinz Elten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Flanz" title="Jamie Flanz">Jamie Flanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Gardiner" title="Brett Gardiner">Brett Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.H._(police_informer)" title="M.H. (police informer)">M.H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Bork_Hansen" title="Claus Bork Hansen">Claus Bork Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Harnes" title="Lars Harnes">Lars Harnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Hirsma" title="Marko Hirsma">Marko Hirsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Krogh_Jensen" title="Jan Krogh Jensen">Jan Krogh Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jessome" title="George Jessome">George Jessome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Kellestine" title="Wayne Kellestine">Wayne Kellestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kriarakis" title="George Kriarakis">George Kriarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Borgfjord_Larsen" title="Mickey Borgfjord Larsen">Mickey Borgfjord Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lenti" title="Frank Lenti">Frank Lenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ljunggren" title="Michael Ljunggren">Michael Ljunggren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Mather_(biker)" title="Frank Mather (biker)">Frank Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McElwaine" title="Philip McElwaine">Philip McElwaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Muscedere" title="Giovanni Muscedere">Giovanni Muscedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Mushey" title="Dwight Mushey">Dwight Mushey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandham" title="Michael Sandham">Michael Sandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mark_Spencer" title="Anthony Mark Spencer">Anthony Spencer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jim Tinndahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winterhalder" title="Edward Winterhalder">Edward Winterhalder</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Careaga_family_murders" title="Careaga family murders">Careaga family murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milperra_massacre" title="Milperra massacre">Milperra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Biker_War" title="Nordic Biker War">Nordic Biker War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_Airport_shooting" title="1996 Copenhagen Airport shooting">Copenhagen Airport shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_rocket_attack" title="1996 Copenhagen rocket attack">Copenhagen rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Drammen_bombing" title="1997 Drammen bombing">Drammen bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Biker_War" title="Quebec Biker War">Quebec Biker War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shedden_massacre" title="Shedden massacre">Shedden massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Waco_shootout" title="2015 Waco shootout">Waco shootout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%">Support clubs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicanos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Chicanos Motorcycle Club">Chicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club_(founded_1999)" title="Diablos Motorcycle Club (founded 1999)">Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X-Team" title="X-Team">X-Team</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikie_Wars:_Brothers_in_Arms" title="Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms">Bikie Wars: Brothers in Arms</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: gold; color: #C00000; box-shadow: inset 2px 2px 0 #d32a31, inset -2px -2px 0 #d32a31;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents" title="Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents">Criminal allegations and incidents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents_in_Australia" title="Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents in Australia">in Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents_in_Denmark" title="Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents in Denmark">in Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandidos_MC_criminal_allegations_and_incidents_in_the_United_States" title="Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents in the United States">in the United States</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups" title="Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:OutlawMotorcycleGroups" title="Template talk:OutlawMotorcycleGroups"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups" title="Special:EditPage/Template:OutlawMotorcycleGroups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_motorcycle_club" title="Outlaw motorcycle club">Outlaw motorcycle clubs</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" title="List of outlaw motorcycle clubs">Clubs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annihilators_Motorcycle_Club" title="Annihilators Motorcycle Club">Annihilators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacchus_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bacchus Motorcycle Club">Bacchus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bandidos Motorcycle Club">Bandidos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Diamond_Riders_Motorcycle_Club" title="Black Diamond Riders Motorcycle Club">Black Diamond Riders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Pistons_Motorcycle_Club" title="Black Pistons Motorcycle Club">Black Pistons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Uhlans_Motorcycle_Club" title="Black Uhlans Motorcycle Club">Black Uhlans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Angels_Motorcycle_Club" title="Blue Angels Motorcycle Club">Blue Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breed_Motorcycle_Club" title="Breed Motorcycle Club">Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brother_Speed_Motorcycle_Club" title="Brother Speed Motorcycle Club">Brother Speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bullshit_Motorcycle_Club" title="Bullshit Motorcycle Club">Bullshit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannonball_Motorcycle_Club" title="Cannonball Motorcycle Club">Cannonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicanos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Chicanos Motorcycle Club">Chicanos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chosen_Few_Motorcycle_Club" title="Chosen Few Motorcycle Club">Chosen Few</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_Deroes_Motorcycle_Club" title="Club Deroes Motorcycle Club">Club Deroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffin_Cheaters" title="Coffin Cheaters">Coffin Cheaters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comanchero_Motorcycle_Club" title="Comanchero Motorcycle Club">Comanchero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossacks_Motorcycle_Club" title="Cossacks Motorcycle Club">Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Diciples_Motorcycle_Club" title="Devils Diciples Motorcycle Club">Devils Diciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Disciples_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)" title="Devil&#39;s Disciples Motorcycle Club (Canada)">Devil's Disciples (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Diablos Motorcycle Club">Diablos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diablos_Motorcycle_Club_(founded_1999)" title="Diablos Motorcycle Club (founded 1999)">Diablos (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dirty_Dozen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Dirty Dozen Motorcycle Club">Dirty Dozen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_Dragons" title="East Bay Dragons">East Bay Dragons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Forastero_Motorcycle_Club" title="El Forastero Motorcycle Club">El Forastero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finks_Motorcycle_Club" title="Finks Motorcycle Club">Finks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Souls_Motorcycle_Club" title="Free Souls Motorcycle Club">Free Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galloping_Goose_Motorcycle_Club" title="Galloping Goose Motorcycle Club">Galloping Goose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gate_Keepers_Motorcycle_Club" title="Gate Keepers Motorcycle Club">Gate Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gitans_Moto_Club" title="Gitans Moto Club">Gitans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gremium_Motorcycle_Club" title="Gremium Motorcycle Club">Gremium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Reapers_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)" title="Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club (Canada)">Grim Reapers (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grim_Reapers_Motorcycle_Club_(USA)" title="Grim Reapers Motorcycle Club (USA)">Grim Reapers (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gypsy_Joker_Motorcycle_Club" title="Gypsy Joker Motorcycle Club">Gypsy Jokers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_Hunters_Motorcycle_Club" title="Head Hunters Motorcycle Club">Head Hunters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hells_Angels" title="Hells Angels">Hells Angels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Lovers_Motorcycle_Club" title="Hell&#39;s Lovers Motorcycle Club">Hell's Lovers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessians_Motorcycle_Club" title="Hessians Motorcycle Club">Hessians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highway_61_Motorcycle_Club" title="Highway 61 Motorcycle Club">Highway 61</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highwaymen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Highwaymen Motorcycle Club">Highwaymen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iron_Horsemen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Iron Horsemen Motorcycle Club">Iron Horsemen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinfolk_Motorcycle_Club" title="Kinfolk Motorcycle Club">Kinfolk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Crew_Motorcycle_Club" title="Kings Crew Motorcycle Club">Kings Crew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lone_Legion_Brotherhood" title="Lone Legion Brotherhood">Lone Legion Brotherhood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loners_Motorcycle_Club" title="Loners Motorcycle Club">Loners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Breed_Motorcycle_Club" title="Lost Breed Motorcycle Club">Lost Breed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Street_Commandos" title="Market Street Commandos">Market Street Commandos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobshitters" title="Mobshitters">Mobshitters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongols_Motorcycle_Club" title="Mongols Motorcycle Club">Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Wolves" title="Night Wolves">Night Wolves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Surrender_Motorcycle_Club" title="No Surrender Motorcycle Club">No Surrender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomads_Motorcycle_Club_(Australia)" title="Nomads Motorcycle Club (Australia)">Nomads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notorious_Motorcycle_Club_(Australia)" title="Notorious Motorcycle Club (Australia)">Notorious (Australia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notorious_Motorcycle_Club_(Germany)" title="Notorious Motorcycle Club (Germany)">Notorious (Germany)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Original_Red_Devils_Motorcycle_Club" title="Original Red Devils Motorcycle Club">Original Red Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaws_Motorcycle_Club" title="Outlaws Motorcycle Club">Outlaws</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pagan%27s_Motorcycle_Club" title="Pagan&#39;s Motorcycle Club">Pagans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pissed_Off_Bastards_of_Bloomington" title="Pissed Off Bastards of Bloomington">Pissed off Bastards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popeye_Moto_Club" title="Popeye Moto Club">Popeyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebels_Motorcycle_Club" title="Rebels Motorcycle Club">Rebels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebels_Motorcycle_Club_(Canada)" title="Rebels Motorcycle Club (Canada)">Rebels (Canada)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Devils_Motorcycle_Club" title="Red Devils Motorcycle Club">Red Devils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Knights_Motorcycle_Club" title="Road Knights Motorcycle Club">Road Knights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Rats_Motorcycle_Club" title="Road Rats Motorcycle Club">Road Rats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_Runners_Motorcycle_Club" title="Road Runners Motorcycle Club">Road Runners</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Machine_Motorcycle_Club" title="Rock Machine Motorcycle Club">Rock Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockers_Motor_Club" title="Rockers Motor Club">Rockers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadistic_Souls_Motorcycle_Club" title="Sadistic Souls Motorcycle Club">Sadistic Souls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satan%27s_Choice_Motorcycle_Club" title="Satan&#39;s Choice Motorcycle Club">Satan's Choice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satans_Slaves_Motorcycle_Club" title="Satans Slaves Motorcycle Club">Satans Slaves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satudarah" title="Satudarah">Satudarah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sin_City_Deciples_Motorcycle_Club" title="Sin City Deciples Motorcycle Club">Sin City Deciples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solo_Angeles" title="Solo Angeles">Solo Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Satan_Motorcycle_Club" title="Sons of Satan Motorcycle Club">Sons of Satan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_Silence" title="Sons of Silence">Sons of Silence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tribesmen_Motorcycle_Club" title="Tribesmen Motorcycle Club">Tribesmen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trust_Motorcycle_Club" title="Trust Motorcycle Club">Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vagos_Motorcycle_Club" title="Vagos Motorcycle Club">Vagos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vendettas_Motorcycle_Club" title="Vendettas Motorcycle Club">Vendettas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlocks_Motorcycle_Club_(Florida)" title="Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Florida)">Warlocks (Florida)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warlocks_Motorcycle_Club_(Pennsylvania)" title="Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Pennsylvania)">Warlocks (Pennsylvania/Delaware Valley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheels_of_Soul_Motorcycle_Club" title="Wheels of Soul Motorcycle Club">Wheels of Soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zulus_Motorcycle_Club" title="Zulus Motorcycle Club">Zulus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Amero" title="Larry Amero">Larry Amero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necati_Arabaci" title="Necati Arabaci">Necati Arabaci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Aravena" title="Marcello Aravena">Marcello Aravena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Atwell" title="David Atwell">David Atwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonny_Barger" title="Sonny Barger">Sonny Barger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Paul_Barnes" title="Harry Paul Barnes">Harry Paul Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brian_Beaucage" title="Brian Beaucage">Brian Beaucage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Doyle_Berry" title="Howard Doyle Berry">Howard Doyle Berry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merv_Blaker" title="Merv Blaker">Merv Blaker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maurice_Boucher" title="Maurice Boucher">Maurice Boucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phillip_Boudreault" title="Phillip Boudreault">Phillip Boudreault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Bowman" title="Harry Bowman">Harry Bowman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willem_van_Boxtel" title="Willem van Boxtel">Willem van Boxtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Buddle" title="Mark Buddle">Mark Buddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Buteau" title="Yves Buteau">Yves Buteau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_%22Caesar%22_Campbell" title="Colin &quot;Caesar&quot; Campbell">Colin "Caesar" Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorne_Edgar_Campbell" title="Lorne Edgar Campbell">Lorne Campbell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Carroll_(biker)" title="David Carroll (biker)">David Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruben_Cavazos" title="Ruben Cavazos">Ruben Cavazos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Cazzetta" title="Giovanni Cazzetta">Giovanni Cazzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvatore_Cazzetta" title="Salvatore Cazzetta">Salvatore Cazzetta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Eugene_Chambers" title="Donald Eugene Chambers">Donald Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Champoux" title="Patrick Champoux">Patrick Champoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Christie_(biker)" title="George Christie (biker)">George Christie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Comeau" title="Gary Comeau">Gary Comeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ion_Croitoru" title="Ion Croitoru">Ion Croitoru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Dub%C3%A9" title="Michel Dubé">Michel Dubé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudi_Heinz_Elten" title="Rudi Heinz Elten">Rudi Heinz Elten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Faucher" title="Frédéric Faucher">Frédéric Faucher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Fisher_(biker)" title="Alan Fisher (biker)">Alan Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamie_Flanz" title="Jamie Flanz">Jamie Flanz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St%C3%A9phane_Gagn%C3%A9" title="Stéphane Gagné">Stéphane Gagné</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Gardiner" title="Brett Gardiner">Brett Gardiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Gault" title="Steven Gault">Steven Gault</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Guardado" title="Mark Guardado">Mark Guardado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Guindon" title="Bernie Guindon">Bernie Guindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harley_Davidson_Guindon" title="Harley Davidson Guindon">Harley Davidson Guindon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M.H._(police_informer)" title="M.H. (police informer)">M.H.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hagemann" title="Louis Hagemann">Louis Hagemann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normand_Hamel" title="Normand Hamel">Normand Hamel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Hanebuth" title="Frank Hanebuth">Frank Hanebuth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claus_Bork_Hansen" title="Claus Bork Hansen">Claus Bork Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lars_Harnes" title="Lars Harnes">Lars Harnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Hawi" title="Mick Hawi">Mick Hawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_John_Hill" title="Peter John Hill">Peter John Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marko_Hirsma" title="Marko Hirsma">Marko Hirsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_George_Hoffman" title="David George Hoffman">David George Hoffman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Hurren" title="Larry Hurren">Larry Hurren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Krogh_Jensen" title="Jan Krogh Jensen">Jan Krogh Jensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Jessome" title="George Jessome">George Jessome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renaud_Jomphe" title="Renaud Jomphe">Renaud Jomphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wayne_Kellestine" title="Wayne Kellestine">Wayne Kellestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Kirby" title="Cecil Kirby">Cecil Kirby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Klepper" title="Sam Klepper">Sam Klepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Kriarakis" title="George Kriarakis">George Kriarakis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michel_Langlois_(biker)" title="Michel Langlois (biker)">Michel Langlois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Borgfjord_Larsen" title="Mickey Borgfjord Larsen">Mickey Borgfjord Larsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Lenti" title="Frank Lenti">Frank Lenti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9jean_Lessard" title="Réjean Lessard">Réjean Lessard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steven_Lindsay" title="Steven Lindsay">Steven Lindsay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Ljunggren" title="Michael Ljunggren">Michael Ljunggren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Mann_(artist)" title="David Mann (artist)">David Mann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Mather_(biker)" title="Frank Mather (biker)">Frank Mather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilles_Mathieu" title="Gilles Mathieu">Gilles Mathieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_McElwaine" title="Philip McElwaine">Philip McElwaine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garnet_McEwen" title="Garnet McEwen">Garnet McEwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_McLeod" title="Jeff McLeod">Jeff McLeod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Meehan" title="Allan Meehan">Allan Meehan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_M%C3%B6ller" title="Thomas Möller">Thomas Möller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mick_Murray_(leader)" title="Mick Murray (leader)">Mich Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Muscedere" title="Giovanni Muscedere">Giovanni Muscedere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_Mushey" title="Dwight Mushey">Dwight Mushey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duax_Ngakuru" title="Duax Ngakuru">Duax Ngakuru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bent_Svane_Nielsen" title="Bent Svane Nielsen">Bent Svane Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B8rn_Nielsen" title="Jørn Nielsen">Jørn Nielsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Nolan_(biker)" title="Jim Nolan (biker)">Jim Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_O%27Farrell_(biker)" title="Michael O&#39;Farrell (biker)">Michael O'Farrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mario_Parente" title="Mario Parente">Mario Parente</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Perish" title="Anthony Perish">Anthony Perish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donny_Petersen" title="Donny Petersen">Donny Petersen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Plante" title="Michael Plante">Michael Plante</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Plescio" title="Johnny Plescio">Johnny Plescio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Porter_(biker)" title="Paul Porter (biker)">Paul Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_%22Jock%22_Ross" title="William &quot;Jock&quot; Ross">Jock Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Roy" title="Louis Roy">Louis Roy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sandham" title="Michael Sandham">Michael Sandham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armand_Sanguigni" title="Armand Sanguigni">Armand Sanguigni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Sauv%C3%A9" title="Richard Sauvé">Richard Sauvé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Schippert" title="Martin Schippert">Martin Schippert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Simon_(biker)" title="Robert Simon (biker)">Robert Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Mark_Spencer" title="Anthony Mark Spencer">Anthony Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Stadnick" title="Walter Stadnick">Walter Stadnick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Steinert" title="Scott Steinert">Scott Steinert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Stockford" title="Donald Stockford">Donald Stockford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Tait" title="Anthony Tait">Anthony Tait</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jim Tinndahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yves_Trudeau_(biker)" title="Yves Trudeau (biker)">Yves Trudeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Vall%C3%A9e" title="Richard Vallée">Richard Vallée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Vella" title="Alex Vella">Alex Vella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_V%C3%A9zina" title="Claude Vézina">Claude Vézina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Ward_(biker)" title="Gerald Ward (biker)">Gerald Ward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Winterhalder" title="Edward Winterhalder">Edward Winterhalder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Woolley" title="Gregory Woolley">Gregory Woolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_van_Haarlem" title="Gordon van Haarlem">Gordon van Haarlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Vries_(criminal)" title="Paul de Vries (criminal)">Paul de Vries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarek_Zahed" title="Tarek Zahed">Tarek Zahed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuck_Zito" title="Chuck Zito">Chuck Zito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altamont_Free_Concert" title="Altamont Free Concert">Altamont Free Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battersea_Arts_Centre_incident" title="Battersea Arts Centre incident">Battersea Arts Centre incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Biker_War" title="First Biker War">First Biker War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Montreal_biker_war" title="First Montreal biker war">First Montreal biker war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hancock_case" title="Hancock case">Hancock case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hollister_riot" title="Hollister riot">Hollister riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grondalski_family_murders" title="Grondalski family murders">Grondalski family murders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lennoxville_massacre" title="Lennoxville massacre">Lennoxville massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milperra_massacre" title="Milperra massacre">Milperra massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Cynthia_Garcia" title="Murder of Cynthia Garcia">Murder of Cynthia Garcia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Western_Complex_shootout" title="National Western Complex shootout">National Western Complex shootout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_Biker_War" title="Nordic Biker War">Nordic Biker War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_Airport_shooting" title="1996 Copenhagen Airport shooting">Copenhagen Airport shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_Copenhagen_rocket_attack" title="1996 Copenhagen rocket attack">Copenhagen rocket attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_Drammen_bombing" title="1997 Drammen bombing">Drammen bombing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontario_Biker_War" title="Ontario Biker War">Ontario Biker War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_Hope_8_case" title="Port Hope 8 case">Port Hope 8 case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_Biker_War" title="Quebec Biker War">Quebec Biker War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Run_riot" title="River Run riot">River Run riot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shedden_massacre" title="Shedden massacre">Shedden massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rock_Machine%E2%80%93Rebels_conflict" title="Rock Machine–Rebels conflict">Rock Machine–Rebels conflict</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_Waco_shootout" title="2015 Waco shootout">Waco shootout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Law enforcement</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Armstrong_(policeman)" title="Bob Armstrong (policeman)">Bob Armstrong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Bouchard_(policeman)" title="André Bouchard (policeman)">André Bouchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jay_Dobyns" title="Jay Dobyns">Jay Dobyns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Hall_(policeman)" title="Terry Hall (policeman)">Terry Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Gordon_Harris" title="John Gordon Harris">John Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Paulson_(police_commissioner)" title="Bob Paulson (police commissioner)">Bob Paulson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Queen" title="William Queen">William Queen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colors_(motorcycling)" title="Colors (motorcycling)">Colors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomad_(motorcycle_club_membership)" title="Nomad (motorcycle club membership)">Nomad chapter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_clubs" title="List of outlaw motorcycle clubs">List of clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_outlaw_motorcycle_club_conflicts" title="List of outlaw motorcycle club conflicts">List of club conflicts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outlaw_biker_film" title="Outlaw biker film">Outlaw biker film</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐78d9ddc6fb‐wmvcn Cached time: 20241228190332 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.478 seconds Real time usage: 0.659 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 3000/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 62265/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3016/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 11/100 Expensive parser function count: 1/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 49368/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.308/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 8465376/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 576.520 1 -total 32.35% 186.512 1 Template:Reflist 24.81% 143.023 2 Template:Cite_web 23.27% 134.150 1 Template:Infobox_criminal 17.58% 101.375 1 Template:Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club 9.72% 56.016 1 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Rosalinda (Philippine TV series)
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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">2009 Philippine television drama series</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1262195746">.mw-parser-output .ib-tv{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0 3px;padding:3px 5px}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-above{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;font-size:125%;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv .infobox-header{background-color:#CCCCFF;color:inherit;padding:0.25em 1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-aka{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release td,.mw-parser-output .ib-tv-network-release th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1}</style><table class="infobox ib-tv vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary"><i>Rosalinda</i></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosalinda_title_card.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="An image of Geoff Eigenmann and Carla Abellana. The series title is displayed on the lower side of the image, next a red rose flower."><img alt="An image of Geoff Eigenmann and Carla Abellana. The series title is displayed on the lower side of the image, next a red rose flower." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Rosalinda_title_card.jpg/220px-Rosalinda_title_card.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/1/1b/Rosalinda_title_card.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="265" data-file-height="205" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Title card</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genre</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Romantic_drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Romantic drama">Romantic drama</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalinda_(Mexican_TV_series)" title="Rosalinda (Mexican TV series)">Rosalinda</a></i> (1999)<br />by <a href="/wiki/Beatriz_Sheridan" title="Beatriz Sheridan">Beatriz Sheridan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Developed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/R.J._Nuevas" title="R.J. Nuevas">R.J. Nuevas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maryo_J._de_los_Reyes" title="Maryo J. de los Reyes">Maryo J. de los Reyes</a></li> <li>Gil Tejada Jr.</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data attendee"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Abellana" title="Carla Abellana">Carla Abellana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Eigenmann" title="Geoff Eigenmann">Geoff Eigenmann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Opening theme</th><td class="infobox-data">"Ay Amor! (Umiibig si Rosalinda)" by <a href="/wiki/La_Diva_(group)" title="La Diva (group)">La Diva</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Ending theme</th><td class="infobox-data">"Himig" by Carla Abellana</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country of origin</th><td class="infobox-data">Philippines</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Original language</th><td class="infobox-data">Tagalog</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> of episodes</th><td class="infobox-data">105</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Production</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Executive producer</th><td class="infobox-data">Winnie Hollis-Reyes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Camera setup</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Multiple-camera_setup" title="Multiple-camera setup">Multiple-camera setup</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Running time</th><td class="infobox-data">30–45 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Production company</th><td class="infobox-data">GMA Entertainment TV</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header summary">Original release</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Network</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/GMA_Network" title="GMA Network">GMA Network</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Release</th><td class="infobox-data">July 6<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">2009-07-06</span>)</span>&#160;–<br />November 27, 2009<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="dtend itvend">2009-11-27</span>)</span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>Rosalinda</b></i> is a 2009 <a href="/wiki/Philippine_television_drama" title="Philippine television drama">Philippine television drama</a> romance series broadcast by <a href="/wiki/GMA_Network" title="GMA Network">GMA Network</a>. The series is based on a 1999 Mexican television series of the <a href="/wiki/Rosalinda_(Mexican_TV_series)" title="Rosalinda (Mexican TV series)">same title</a>. Directed by <a href="/wiki/Maryo_J._de_los_Reyes" title="Maryo J. de los Reyes">Maryo J. de los Reyes</a> and Gil Tejada Jr., it stars <a href="/wiki/Carla_Abellana" title="Carla Abellana">Carla Abellana</a> in the title role and <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Eigenmann" title="Geoff Eigenmann">Geoff Eigenmann</a>. It premiered on July 6, 2009, on the network's Telebabad line up replacing <i><a href="/wiki/Totoy_Bato" title="Totoy Bato">Totoy Bato</a></i>. The series concluded on November 27, 2009, with a total of 105 episodes. It was replaced by <i><a href="/wiki/Full_House_(Philippine_TV_series)" title="Full House (Philippine TV series)">Full House</a></i> in its timeslot. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast_and_characters">Cast and characters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Cast and characters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:592px;max-width:592px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader">Cast</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:127px;max-width:127px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carla_Abellana,_2014_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Carla Abellana." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/125px-Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="125" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/188px-Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Carla_Abellana%2C_2014_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="523" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Carla Abellana</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:238px;max-width:238px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Katrina Halili." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg/236px-Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg" decoding="async" width="236" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg/354px-Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg/472px-Katrina_Halili_in_New_Jersey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Katrina Halili</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:116px;max-width:116px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ariel_solo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Ariel Rivera." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ariel_solo.jpg/114px-Ariel_solo.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ariel_solo.jpg/171px-Ariel_solo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ariel_solo.jpg/228px-Ariel_solo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="287" data-file-height="448" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ariel Rivera</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:103px;max-width:103px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:177px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An image of Ryza Cenon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg/101px-Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="178" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg/152px-Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg/202px-Ryza_Cenon_in_2017.jpg 2x" data-file-width="616" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Ryza Cenon</div></div></div></div></div> <dl><dt>Lead cast</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carla_Abellana" title="Carla Abellana">Carla Abellana</a> as Rosalinda Perez-Altamirano / Rosalinda Del Castillo-Altamirano / Paloma Dorantes<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoff_Eigenmann" title="Geoff Eigenmann">Geoff Eigenmann</a> as Fernando Jose Salvador Altamirano<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Supporting cast</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Katrina_Halili" title="Katrina Halili">Katrina Halili</a> as Fedra Perez<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roderick_Paulate" title="Roderick Paulate">Roderick Paulate</a> as Florencio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheryl_Cruz" title="Sheryl Cruz">Sheryl Cruz</a> as Valeria del Castillo-Altamirano<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariel_Rivera" title="Ariel Rivera">Ariel Rivera</a> as Alfredo Del Castillo</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Estrada" title="Gary Estrada">Gary Estrada</a> as Javier Perez</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glydel_Mercado" title="Glydel Mercado">Glydel Mercado</a> as Soledad Romero</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jessa_Zaragoza" title="Jessa Zaragoza">Jessa Zaragoza</a> as Evangelina Kintanar-del Castillo<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yul_Servo" title="Yul Servo">Yul Servo</a> as Roberto</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryza_Cenon" title="Ryza Cenon">Ryza Cenon</a> as Abril Del Castillo<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherilyn_Reyes-Tan" title="Sherilyn Reyes-Tan">Sherilyn Reyes</a> as Dulce</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Tan" title="Mike Tan">Mike Tan</a> as Rico</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mart_Escudero" class="mw-redirect" title="Mart Escudero">Mart Escudero</a> as Beto Perez</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheena_Halili" title="Sheena Halili">Sheena Halili</a> as Becky</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Alcaraz" title="Marco Alcaraz">Marco Alcaraz</a> as Anibal</li> <li>Marky Lopez as Julio</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlene_Aguilar" title="Carlene Aguilar">Carlene Aguilar</a> as Rodora</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayen_Munji-Laurel" title="Ayen Munji-Laurel">Ayen Munji-Laurel</a> as Berta Alvarez / Delia</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gian_Magdangal" title="Gian Magdangal">Gian Magdangal</a> as Gerardo De Navarette</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krystal_Reyes" title="Krystal Reyes">Krystal Reyes</a> as Lucy Perez</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jomari_Yllana" title="Jomari Yllana">Jomari Yllana</a> as Alessandro Durantes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Lou_Blanco" title="Jackie Lou Blanco">Jackie Lou Blanco</a> as Veronica Salvador Altamirano<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheree_Bautista" title="Sheree Bautista">Sheree Bautista</a> as Natalia</li></ul> </div> <dl><dt>Guest cast</dt></dl> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col"> <ul><li>Carlos Morales as Jose Fernando Altamirano</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jennifer_Sevilla" title="Jennifer Sevilla">Jennifer Sevilla</a> as Dolores Romero Perez</li> <li>Mymy Davao as Clarita</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Oli" title="Isabel Oli">Isabel Oli</a> as Austerica Carvajal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Palanca" title="Bernard Palanca">Bernard Palanca</a> as Allan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ana_Capri" title="Ana Capri">Ana Capri</a> as a client of a mental hospital</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Davao" title="Charlie Davao">Charlie Davao</a> as Victor Durantes</li> <li>Bebs Hollmann as Pamela</li> <li>Chelsea Eugenio as younger Rosalinda</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francheska_Salcedo" class="mw-redirect" title="Francheska Salcedo">Francheska Salcedo</a> as younger Fedra</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Rosalinda_(Mexican_TV_series)" title="Rosalinda (Mexican TV series)">Rosalinda</a></i> is a Mexican telenovela that was aired in 1999 on <a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">Televisa</a>. Created by Delia Fiallo, it starred singer-actress <a href="/wiki/Thal%C3%ADa" title="Thalía">Thalía</a> in the title role. The Mexican series was aired in the Philippines in 2000, and later became the most popular telenovela in the Philippines after <i><a href="/wiki/Marimar_(Mexican_TV_series)" title="Marimar (Mexican TV series)">Marimar</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ratings">Ratings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Ratings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to <a href="/wiki/AGB_Nielsen_Philippines" title="AGB Nielsen Philippines">AGB Nielsen Philippines</a>' Mega Manila household television ratings, the pilot episode of <i>Rosalinda</i> earned a 26.3% rating.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> While the final episode scored a 27% rating.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Accolades">Accolades</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Accolades"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Accolades received by <i>Rosalinda</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Award </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Recipient </th> <th>Result </th> <th><abbr title="Reference">Ref.</abbr> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2010 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/24th_PMPC_Star_Awards_for_Television" title="24th PMPC Star Awards for Television">24th PMPC Star Awards for Television</a> </td> <td>Best New Female TV Personality </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Carla_Abellana" title="Carla Abellana">Carla Abellana</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFErece,_Dinno2009" class="citation web cs1">Erece, Dinno (February 3, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/news/20721/first-read-on-pep-newcomer-carla-abellana-to-portray-pinay-rosalinda">"First Read On PEP: Newcomer Carla Abellana to portray Pinay Rosalinda"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 23,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PEP&amp;rft.atitle=First+Read+On+PEP%3A+Newcomer+Carla+Abellana+to+portray+Pinay+Rosalinda&amp;rft.date=2009-02-03&amp;rft.au=Erece%2C+Dinno&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2F20721%2Ffirst-read-on-pep-newcomer-carla-abellana-to-portray-pinay-rosalinda&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuilingguing,_Uriel_C.2010" class="citation web cs1">Quilingguing, Uriel C. (March 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sunstar.com.ph/more-articles/rosalinda-stars-now-dating">"<i>Rosalinda</i> stars now dating"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/SunStar" title="SunStar">SunStar</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=SunStar&amp;rft.atitle=Rosalinda+stars+now+dating&amp;rft.date=2010-03-07&amp;rft.au=Quilingguing%2C+Uriel+C.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sunstar.com.ph%2Fmore-articles%2Frosalinda-stars-now-dating&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.philstar.com/pilipino-star-ngayon/showbiz/2009/06/19/478649/katrina-mao-gyuy-fedra-sa-rosalinda/amp/">"Katrina mao gyuy Fedra sa <i>Rosalinda</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Philippine_Star" title="The Philippine Star">The Philippine Star</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Philippine+Star&amp;rft.atitle=Katrina+mao+gyuy+Fedra+sa+Rosalinda&amp;rft.date=2009-06-19&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.philstar.com%2Fpilipino-star-ngayon%2Fshowbiz%2F2009%2F06%2F19%2F478649%2Fkatrina-mao-gyuy-fedra-sa-rosalinda%2Famp%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia,_Rose2009" class="citation web cs1">Garcia, Rose (July 4, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/news/local/22345/sheryl-cruz-hopes-to-make-good-as-villain-in-rosalinda">"Sheryl Cruz hopes to make good as villain in <i>Rosalinda</i>"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 9,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PEP&amp;rft.atitle=Sheryl+Cruz+hopes+to+make+good+as+villain+in+Rosalinda&amp;rft.date=2009-07-04&amp;rft.au=Garcia%2C+Rose&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F22345%2Fsheryl-cruz-hopes-to-make-good-as-villain-in-rosalinda&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnarcon,_James_Patrick2019" class="citation web cs1">Anarcon, James Patrick (February 26, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/29252/where-are-they-now-original-teleserye-leading-ladies">"Where Are They Now: Original teleserye leading ladies"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 18,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PEP&amp;rft.atitle=Where+Are+They+Now%3A+Original+teleserye+leading+ladies&amp;rft.date=2019-02-26&amp;rft.au=Anarcon%2C+James+Patrick&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fguide%2Ftv%2F29252%2Fwhere-are-they-now-original-teleserye-leading-ladies&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarcia,_Rose2010" class="citation web cs1">Garcia, Rose (February 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/news/local/24642/ryza-cenon-changes-her-image-in-gumapang-ka-sa-lusak">"Ryza Cenon changes her image in <i>Gumapang Ka Sa Lusak</i>"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 31,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PEP&amp;rft.atitle=AGB+Mega+Manila+TV+Ratings+%28July+3%E2%80%936%29%3A+Rosalinda+does+well%2C+but+falls+short+of+expectations&amp;rft.date=2009-07-07&amp;rft.au=Santiago%2C+Erwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fnews%2Flocal%2F4235%2Fagb-mega-manila-tv-ratings-july-3-6-rosalinda-does-well-but-falls-short-of-expectations&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantiago,_Erwin2009" class="citation web cs1">Santiago, Erwin (December 2, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/5207/agb-mega-manila-tv-ratings-nov-27-dec-1-24-oras-and-darna-share-weeknight-primetime-leadership">"AGB Mega Manila TV Ratings (Nov. 27-Dec. 1): <i>24 Oras</i> and <i>Darna</i> share weeknight primetime leadership"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 7,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PEP&amp;rft.atitle=AGB+Mega+Manila+TV+Ratings+%28Nov.+27-Dec.+1%29%3A+24+Oras+and+Darna+share+weeknight+primetime+leadership&amp;rft.date=2009-12-02&amp;rft.au=Santiago%2C+Erwin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fguide%2Ftv%2F5207%2Fagb-mega-manila-tv-ratings-nov-27-dec-1-24-oras-and-darna-share-weeknight-primetime-leadership&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReyes,_William_R.2010" class="citation web cs1">Reyes, William R. (October 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pep.ph/guide/tv/7079/24th-star-awards-for-television-nominees-bared">"24th Star Awards for Television nominees bared"</a>. <i>PEP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=PEP&amp;rft.atitle=24th+Star+Awards+for+Television+nominees+bared&amp;rft.date=2010-10-25&amp;rft.au=Reyes%2C+William+R.&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pep.ph%2Fguide%2Ftv%2F7079%2F24th-star-awards-for-television-nominees-bared&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARosalinda+%28Philippine+TV+series%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosalinda_(Philippine_TV_series)&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1126377/"><i>Rosalinda</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+style+.asbox,.mw-parser-output :not(p):not(.asbox)+link+.asbox{margin-top:3em}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_television_set.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/30px-Blank_television_set.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/45px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Blank_television_set.svg/60px-Blank_television_set.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="138" data-file-height="92" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This Philippine television program-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)" title="Alcohol (drug)">alcohol</a> between the time of a vehicular offence, such as a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_collision" title="Traffic collision">traffic collision</a>, and the time of administration of a test for intoxication such as a <a href="/wiki/Breath_test" title="Breath test">breathalyser test</a>. The defense asserts that the driver was not intoxicated at the time that they were driving, but had a higher blood alcohol level at the time of the test due to that subsequent consumption of alcohol.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>The defence is not necessarily successful, both because it may not be believed by a jury or other finder of fact,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> or may be disproved based upon the analysis of the amount of alcohol claimed to have been consumed after the driver stopped operating the vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hip_flask_defence&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKronstrandNilssonChermàAhlner2019" class="citation journal cs1">Kronstrand, Christoffer; Nilsson, Gunnel; Chermà, Maria D.; Ahlner, Johan; Kugelberg, Fredrik C.; Kronstrand, Robert (January 2019). "Evaluating the hip-flask defence in subjects with alcohol on board: An experimental study". <i>Forensic Science International</i>. <b>294</b>: <span class="nowrap">189–</span>195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2018.11.014">10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.014</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Forensic+Science+International&amp;rft.atitle=Evaluating+the+hip-flask+defence+in+subjects+with+alcohol+on+board%3A+An+experimental+study&amp;rft.volume=294&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E189-%3C%2Fspan%3E195&amp;rft.date=2019-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.forsciint.2018.11.014&amp;rft.aulast=Kronstrand&amp;rft.aufirst=Christoffer&amp;rft.au=Nilsson%2C+Gunnel&amp;rft.au=Cherm%C3%A0%2C+Maria+D.&amp;rft.au=Ahlner%2C+Johan&amp;rft.au=Kugelberg%2C+Fredrik+C.&amp;rft.au=Kronstrand%2C+Robert&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1990" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, A.W. (1 May 1990). "Status of Alcohol Absorption Among Drinking Drivers". <i>Journal of Analytical Toxicology</i>. <b>14</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">198–</span>200. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fjat%2F14.3.198">10.1093/jat/14.3.198</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2374414">2374414</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Analytical+Toxicology&amp;rft.atitle=Status+of+Alcohol+Absorption+Among+Drinking+Drivers&amp;rft.volume=14&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E198-%3C%2Fspan%3E200&amp;rft.date=1990-05-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fjat%2F14.3.198&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F2374414&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=A.W.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNovalImwinkelreid2014" class="citation journal cs1">Noval, Justin; Imwinkelreid, Edward J (2014). "Retrograde Extrapolation of Blood Alcohol Concentration". <i>Criminal Law Bulletin</i>. <b>50</b>: 188.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Criminal+Law+Bulletin&amp;rft.atitle=Retrograde+Extrapolation+of+Blood+Alcohol+Concentration&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft.pages=188&amp;rft.date=2014&amp;rft.aulast=Noval&amp;rft.aufirst=Justin&amp;rft.au=Imwinkelreid%2C+Edward+J&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1991" class="citation journal cs1">Jones, A W (July 1991). "Top Ten Defence Challenges among Drinking Drivers in Sweden". <i>Medicine, Science and the Law</i>. <b>31</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">229–</span>238. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F002580249103100307">10.1177/002580249103100307</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1822585">1822585</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Medicine%2C+Science+and+the+Law&amp;rft.atitle=Top+Ten+Defence+Challenges+among+Drinking+Drivers+in+Sweden&amp;rft.volume=31&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E238&amp;rft.date=1991-07&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F002580249103100307&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F1822585&amp;rft.aulast=Jones&amp;rft.aufirst=A+W&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIfflandJones2003" class="citation journal cs1">Iffland, R; Jones, A W (January 2003). "Evaluating Alleged Drinking After Driving – The Hip-Flask Defence: Part 2. Congener Analysis". <i>Medicine, Science and the Law</i>. <b>43</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">39–</span>68. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1258%2Frsmmsl.43.1.39">10.1258/rsmmsl.43.1.39</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12627679">12627679</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Medicine%2C+Science+and+the+Law&amp;rft.atitle=Evaluating+Alleged+Drinking+After+Driving+%E2%80%93+The+Hip-Flask+Defence%3A+Part+2.+Congener+Analysis&amp;rft.volume=43&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E39-%3C%2Fspan%3E68&amp;rft.date=2003-01&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1258%2Frsmmsl.43.1.39&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12627679&amp;rft.aulast=Iffland&amp;rft.aufirst=R&amp;rft.au=Jones%2C+A+W&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hip_flask_defence&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hampshire.police.uk/internet/advice-and-information/foi/fpp/document-library/02511.pdf"><i>Hip Flask Defence</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Procedure. Vol.&#160;02511. <a href="/wiki/Hampshire_Constabulary" class="mw-redirect" title="Hampshire Constabulary">Hampshire Constabulary</a>. 13 August 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Hip+Flask+Defence&amp;rft.series=Procedure&amp;rft.pub=Hampshire+Constabulary&amp;rft.date=2012-08-13&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hampshire.police.uk%2Finternet%2Fadvice-and-information%2Ffoi%2Ffpp%2Fdocument-library%2F02511.pdf&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHip+flask+defence" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.themotoringlaw.uk/hipflask-defence/">Official Motoring Law advice</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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crime">Alcohol-related<br /> crimes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving" title="Drunk driving">Drunk driving</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol-related_traffic_crashes_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States">Alcohol-related traffic crashes in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_in_the_United_States" title="Drunk driving in the United States">Drunk driving in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine" title="Moonshine">Moonshine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bathtub_gin" title="Bathtub gin">Bathtub gin</a></li></ul></li> <li>Prison alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A1jaro_verde" title="Pájaro verde">Pájaro verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pruno" title="Pruno">Pruno</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_intoxication" title="Public intoxication">Public intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum-running" title="Rum-running">Rum-running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sly-grog_shop" title="Sly-grog shop">Sly-grog shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_fraud" title="Wine fraud">Wine fraud</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism" title="Alcoholism">Alcoholism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_Native_Americans" title="Alcohol and Native Americans">Alcohol and Native Americans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_adolescence" title="Alcoholism in adolescence">Alcoholism in adolescence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_family_systems" title="Alcoholism in family systems">Alcoholism in family systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholism_in_rural_Australia" title="Alcoholism in rural Australia">Alcoholism in rural Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_Study_on_the_Genetics_of_Alcoholism" title="Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism">Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disease_theory_of_alcoholism" title="Disease theory of alcoholism">Disease theory of alcoholism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-functioning_alcoholic" title="High-functioning alcoholic">High-functioning alcoholic</a> (HFA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_pink_elephants" title="Seeing pink elephants">Seeing pink elephants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chemistry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Beverage-specific <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_chemistry" title="Beer chemistry">Beer chemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_chemistry" title="Wine chemistry">Wine chemistry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_psychoactive_alcohols_in_alcoholic_drinks" title="Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks">Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congener_(beverages)" title="Congener (beverages)">Congener</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_congener_analysis" title="Alcohol congener analysis">Alcohol congener analysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blood_alcohol_content" title="Blood alcohol content">Blood alcohol content</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusel_alcohol" title="Fusel alcohol">Fusel alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Short-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption" title="Short-term effects of alcohol consumption">Short-term effects of alcohol consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_alcohol" title="Long-term effects of alcohol">Long-term effects of alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharmacology_of_ethanol" title="Pharmacology of ethanol">Pharmacology of ethanol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subjective_response_to_alcohol" title="Subjective response to alcohol">Subjective response to alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adverse effects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hangxiety" title="Hangxiety">Anxiety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_alcohol_on_aging" title="Impact of alcohol on aging">Aging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_impact_of_alcohol_on_the_brain" title="Long-term impact of alcohol on the brain">Brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cancer" title="Alcohol and cancer">Cancer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_breast_cancer" title="Alcohol and breast cancer">breast cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_cortisol" title="Alcohol and cortisol">Cortisol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_alcohol_on_memory" title="Effects of alcohol on memory">Memory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alcohol and pregnancy">Pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_and_sleep" title="Alcohol use and sleep">Sleep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_tolerance" title="Alcohol tolerance">Tolerance</a>/<a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intolerance" title="Alcohol intolerance">intolerance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_weight" title="Alcohol and weight">Weight</a></li> <li>Beverage-specific <ul><li>Beer: <a href="/wiki/Potomania" title="Potomania">Potomania</a></li> <li>Wine: <a href="/wiki/Red_wine_headache" title="Red wine headache">Red wine headache</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_issues" class="mw-redirect" title="Social issues">Social issues</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Adulterated alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moonshine#Adulterated_moonshine" title="Moonshine">Adulterated moonshine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denatured_alcohol" title="Denatured alcohol">Denatured alcohol</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_methanol_poisoning_incidents" title="List of methanol poisoning incidents">List of methanol poisoning incidents</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate_alcohol" title="Surrogate alcohol">Surrogate alcohol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_abuse" title="Alcohol abuse">Alcohol abuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising" title="Alcohol advertising">Alcohol advertising</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_advertising_on_college_campuses" title="Alcohol advertising on college campuses">on college campuses</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_and_sex" title="Alcohol and sex">Sex</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_goggles" title="Beer goggles">Beer goggles</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_myopia" title="Alcohol myopia">Alcohol myopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_association_football" title="Alcohol in association football">Alcohol in association football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_use_among_college_students" title="Alcohol use among college students">Alcohol use among college students</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binge_drinking" title="Binge drinking">Binge drinking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_syndrome" title="Austrian syndrome">Austrian syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_intoxication" title="Alcohol intoxication">Alcohol intoxication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidemiology_of_binge_drinking" title="Epidemiology of binge drinking">Epidemiology of binge drinking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiday_heart_syndrome" title="Holiday heart syndrome">Holiday heart syndrome</a></li> <li>Problematic alcoholic products <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_powder" title="Alcohol powder">Alcohol powder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcopop" title="Alcopop">Alcopop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borg_(drink)" title="Borg (drink)">Borg</a></li> <li>Low-cost alcohol <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flavored_fortified_wine" title="Flavored fortified wine">Flavored fortified wine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_(drug)#Stimulants" title="Alcohol (drug)">Polysubstance alcoholic drinks</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caffeinated_alcoholic_drink" title="Caffeinated alcoholic drink">Caffeinated alcoholic drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coca_wine" title="Coca wine">Coca wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotini" title="Nicotini">Nicotini</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapoy" title="Zapoy">Zapoy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_(drug-related_amnesia)" title="Blackout (drug-related amnesia)">Blackout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackout_Wednesday" title="Blackout Wednesday">Blackout Wednesday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_game" title="Drinking game">Drinking game</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_drinking_games" title="List of drinking games">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pregaming" title="Pregaming">Pregaming</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_in_public" title="Drinking in public">Drinking in public</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_walking" title="Drunk walking">Drunk walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunkorexia" title="Drunkorexia">Drunkorexia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_drunk" title="Dry drunk">Dry drunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_courage" title="Dutch courage">Dutch courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaming_drink" title="Flaming drink">Flaming drink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_of_the_dog" title="Hair of the dog">Hair of the dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurtful_communication#Alcohol" title="Hurtful communication">Hurtful communication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_dialing" title="Drunk dialing">Drunk dialing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_vino_veritas" title="In vino veritas"><i>In vino veritas</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nightcap_(drink)" title="Nightcap (drink)">Nightcap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantsdrunk" title="Pantsdrunk">Pantsdrunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passive_drinking" title="Passive drinking">Passive drinking</a></li> <li>Binge drinking devices <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_bong" title="Beer bong">Beer bong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard_of_ale" title="Yard of ale">Yard of ale</a></li></ul></li> <li>Routes of administration <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_enema" title="Alcohol enema">Alcohol enema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_inhalation" title="Alcohol inhalation">Alcohol inhalation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vodka_eyeballing" title="Vodka eyeballing">Vodka eyeballing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sconcing" title="Sconcing">Sconcing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson_alcoholism_debate" title="Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate">Andrew Johnson alcoholism debate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysian_Mysteries" title="Dionysian Mysteries">Dionysian Mysteries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipsomania" title="Dipsomania">Dipsomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Paul_Jordan" title="Gilbert Paul Jordan">Gilbert Paul Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Craze" title="Gin Craze">Gin Craze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_deaths_through_alcohol" title="List of deaths through alcohol">List of deaths through alcohol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_ration" title="Rum ration">Rum ration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rum_Rebellion" title="Rum Rebellion">Rum Rebellion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebeen" title="Shebeen">Shebeen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_o%27clock_swill" title="Six o&#39;clock swill">Six o'clock swill</a></li> <li>Illegal drinking establishments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nip_joint" title="Nip joint">Nip joint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speakeasy" title="Speakeasy">Speakeasy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiskey_Rebellion" title="Whiskey Rebellion">Whiskey Rebellion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_beverage" title="Alcoholic beverage">Alcoholic beverage</a></li> <li>Beer <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_mile" title="Beer mile">Beer mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Beer_Day" title="International Beer Day">International Beer Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Women%27s_Collaboration_Brew_Day" title="International Women&#39;s Collaboration Brew Day">International Women's Collaboration Brew Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_brewing" title="Women in brewing">Women in brewing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_culture" title="Drinking culture">Drinking culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ap%C3%A9ritif_and_digestif" title="Apéritif and digestif">Apéritif and digestif</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangover_remedies" title="Hangover remedies">Hangover remedies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_effects_of_wine" title="Health effects of wine">Health effects of wine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wine_and_food_pairing" title="Wine and food pairing">Wine and food pairing</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunken_monkey_hypothesis" title="Drunken monkey hypothesis">Drunken monkey hypothesis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_night" title="Ladies&#39; night">Ladies' night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_alcohol_consumption_per_capita" title="List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita">List of countries by alcohol consumption per capita</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_consumption_by_youth_in_the_United_States" title="Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States">Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_substances_used_in_rituals#Alcohol" title="List of substances used in rituals">Ritual use of alcohol</a></li> <li>Whiskey <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_whisk(e)y_day" title="International whisk(e)y day">International whisk(e)y day</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Alcohol <br />control</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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messages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ban_on_caffeinated_alcoholic_drinks_in_the_United_States" title="Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States">Ban on caffeinated alcoholic drinks in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drunk_driving_law_by_country" title="Drunk driving law by country">Drunk driving law by country</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DWI_court" title="DWI court">DWI court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_sobriety_testing" title="Field sobriety testing">Field sobriety testing</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hip flask defence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignition_interlock_device" title="Ignition interlock device">Ignition interlock device</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_county" title="Dry county">Dry county</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dry_communities_by_U.S._state" title="List of dry communities by U.S. state">List of dry communities by U.S. state</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_call" title="Last call">Last 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drinks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li></ul></li> <li>Measurement <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcoholic_spirits_measure" title="Alcoholic spirits measure">Alcoholic spirits measure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_drink" title="Standard drink">Standard drink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Addiction_medicine" title="Addiction medicine">Addiction medicine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benzodiazepine" title="Benzodiazepine">Benzodiazepines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlordiazepoxide" title="Chlordiazepoxide">Chlordiazepoxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram-like_drug" title="Disulfiram-like drug">Disulfiram-like drugs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disulfiram" title="Disulfiram">Disulfiram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcium_carbimide" title="Calcium carbimide">Calcium carbimide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanamide" title="Cyanamide">Cyanamide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_anaesthetic" title="General anaesthetic">General anaesthetics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nitrous_oxide_(medication)" title="Nitrous oxide (medication)">Nitrous oxide</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulfonic_acid" title="Sulfonic acid">Sulfonic acids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acamprosate" title="Acamprosate">Acamprosate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homotaurine" title="Homotaurine">Homotaurine</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_alcohol" title="Religion and alcohol">Religion and alcohol</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_views_on_alcohol" title="Christian views on alcohol">Christian views on alcohol</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alcohol_in_the_Bible" title="Alcohol in the Bible">Alcohol in the Bible</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamr" title="Khamr">Islam and alcohol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_Street_and_Gin_Lane" title="Beer Street and Gin Lane"><i>Beer Street</i> and <i>Gin Lane</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bratt_System" title="Bratt System">Bratt System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_state" title="Dry state">Dry state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gin_Act_1751" title="Gin Act 1751">Gin Act 1751</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medicinal_Liquor_Prescriptions_Act_of_1933" title="Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933">Medicinal Liquor Prescriptions Act of 1933</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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1, 2, 3, Sun
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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7,_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D1%82%D1%80%D1%8B..._%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D1%8B!" title="Раз, два, тры... замры! – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Раз, два, тры... замры!" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cukr,_k%C3%A1va,_limon%C3%A1da" title="Cukr, káva, limonáda – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Cukr, káva, limonáda" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_Deux,_Trois,_Soleil" title="Un, Deux, Trois, Soleil – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Un, Deux, Trois, Soleil" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil" title="Un, deux, trois, soleil – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Un, deux, trois, soleil" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%D8%8C_%DB%B2%D8%8C_%DB%B3%D8%8C_%D8%AE%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B4%DB%8C%D8%AF" title="۱، ۲، ۳، خورشید – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱، ۲، ۳، خورشید" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil_(film)" title="Un, deux, trois, soleil (film) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Un, deux, trois, soleil (film)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,_2,_3_%ED%83%9C%EC%96%91" title="1, 2, 3 태양 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1, 2, 3 태양" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uno,_due,_tre,_stella!_(film)" title="Uno, due, tre, stella! (film) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Uno, due, tre, stella! (film)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil_(fim)" title="Un, deux, trois, soleil (fim) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Un, deux, trois, soleil (fim)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil" title="Un, deux, trois, soleil – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Un, deux, trois, soleil" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Un,_deux,_trois,_soleil" title="Un, deux, trois, soleil – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Un, deux, trois, soleil" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7,_%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0,_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B8..._%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%80%D0%B8!" title="Раз, два, три... замри! – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Раз, два, три... замри!" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,_2,_3,_aurinko" title="1, 2, 3, aurinko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1, 2, 3, aurinko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" 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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">1, 2, 3, Sun</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:1,_2,_3,_Sun_poster.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4c/1%2C_2%2C_3%2C_Sun_poster.jpg/220px-1%2C_2%2C_3%2C_Sun_poster.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="303" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/4c/1%2C_2%2C_3%2C_Sun_poster.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="269" data-file-height="371" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Theatrical release poster</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Written by</th><td class="infobox-data">Bertrand Blier</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Patrice_Ledoux" title="Patrice Ledoux">Patrice Ledoux</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Anouk_Grinberg" title="Anouk Grinberg">Anouk Grinberg</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Marielle" title="Jean-Pierre Marielle">Jean-Pierre Marielle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data">Gérard de Battista</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data">Claudine Merlin</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Khaled_(musician)" title="Khaled (musician)">Khaled</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production<br />companies</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Film_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Film Company">Gaumont</a><br />Ciné Valse<br /><a href="/wiki/France_3_Cin%C3%A9ma" class="mw-redirect" title="France 3 Cinéma">France 3 Cinéma</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gaumont_Buena_Vista_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaumont Buena Vista International">Gaumont Buena Vista International</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release date</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>18&#160;August&#160;1993<span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated itvstart">1993-08-18</span>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">104 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">France</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Language</th><td class="infobox-data">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$9 million</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$3.1 million<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><i><b>1, 2, 3, Sun</b></i> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr"><b>Un, deux, trois, soleil</b></i>) is a 1993 French <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">surrealist</a> <a href="/wiki/Black_comedy" title="Black comedy">black comedy</a> film directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NY_Times.com_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NY_Times.com-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The title of the film corresponds to the French name for the <a href="/wiki/Statues_(game)" title="Statues (game)">"Statues" children's game</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In an impoverished district of Marseille, full of tower blocks populated by people from many parts of Africa and elsewhere, Victorine is growing up with an inadequate mother and an alcoholic father, who keeps giving her half-brothers and half-sisters. She loves him nonetheless, wishing that he would give up drinking and stay home. Well aware of what puberty entails, she is being serially initiated in an abandoned car by a gang of unemployed youths when she cries out that the first time should have some affection and romance. In which case, they say, you need Petit Paul. Treating her tenderly, he becomes her first love but his career as a burglar is cut short when he is shot by an enraged householder. After exposing herself to a solitary man on a train, he declares that he has fallen in love with her. This is Maurice, whose love never wavers and who marries her. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Cast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anouk_Grinberg" title="Anouk Grinberg">Anouk Grinberg</a> as Victorine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myriam_Boyer" title="Myriam Boyer">Myriam Boyer</a> as Daniela Laspada (the mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivier_Martinez" title="Olivier Martinez">Olivier Martinez</a> as Petit ("Little") Paul</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jean-Michel_Noirey&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Michel Noirey (page does not exist)">Jean-Michel Noirey</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Michel_Noirey" class="extiw" title="fr:Jean-Michel Noirey">fr</a>&#93;</span> as Maurice Le Garrec</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Denise_Chalem&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Denise Chalem (page does not exist)">Denise Chalem</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denise_Chalem" class="extiw" title="fr:Denise Chalem">fr</a>&#93;</span> as school teacher</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Marielle" title="Jean-Pierre Marielle">Jean-Pierre Marielle</a> as the lonely man</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89va_Darlan" title="Éva Darlan">Éva Darlan</a> as Jeanine</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Brasseur" title="Claude Brasseur">Claude Brasseur</a> as the bad guy</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ir%C3%A8ne_Tassembedo&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Irène Tassembedo (page does not exist)">Irène Tassembedo</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ir%C3%A8ne_Tassembedo" class="extiw" title="fr:Irène Tassembedo">fr</a>&#93;</span> as Gladys Boigny</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Bouchitey" title="Patrick Bouchitey">Patrick Bouchitey</a> as Marcel (the barkeeper)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcello_Mastroianni" title="Marcello Mastroianni">Marcello Mastroianni</a> as Constantin Laspada (the father)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_Schneider_(actor)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles Schneider (actor) (page does not exist)">Charles Schneider (actor)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;">&#160;&#91;<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Schneider_(acteur)" class="extiw" title="fr:Charles Schneider (acteur)">fr</a>&#93;</span> as Sergeant Boigny</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jpbox-office.com/fichfilm.php?id=4590">"1,2,3 soleil"</a>. <i>JP's Box-Office</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=JP%27s+Box-Office&amp;rft.atitle=1%2C2%2C3+soleil&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jpbox-office.com%2Ffichfilm.php%3Fid%3D4590&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1%2C+2%2C+3%2C+Sun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NY_Times.com-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NY_Times.com_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120225190123/http://movies.nytimes.com/movie/167938/Un-Deux-Trois-Soleil/details">"NY Times: 1, 2, 3, Sun"</a>. Movies &amp; TV Dept. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://movies.nytimes.com/movie/167938/Un-Deux-Trois-Soleil/details">the original</a> on 25 February 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&amp;rft.atitle=NY+Times%3A+1%2C+2%2C+3%2C+Sun&amp;rft.date=2012&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmovies.nytimes.com%2Fmovie%2F167938%2FUn-Deux-Trois-Soleil%2Fdetails&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1%2C+2%2C+3%2C+Sun" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1,_2,_3,_Sun&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0108435/"><i>1, 2, 3, Sun</i></a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a>&#160;<span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2601067#P345" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Bertrand_Blier" title="Template:Bertrand Blier"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Bertrand_Blier" title="Template talk:Bertrand Blier"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Bertrand_Blier" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Bertrand Blier"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_Bertrand_Blier" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier" title="Bertrand Blier">Bertrand Blier</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Blier_filmography" title="Bertrand Blier filmography">Filmography</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/If_I_Were_a_Spy" title="If I Were a Spy">If I Were a Spy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Going_Places_(1974_film)" title="Going Places (1974 film)">Going Places</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Calmos" title="Calmos">Calmos</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Get_Out_Your_Handkerchiefs" title="Get Out Your Handkerchiefs">Get Out Your Handkerchiefs</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buffet_froid" title="Buffet froid">Buffet froid</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beau_Pere" title="Beau Pere">Beau Pere</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Best_Friend%27s_Girl_(1983_film)" title="My Best Friend&#39;s Girl (1983 film)">My Best Friend's Girl</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Our_Story_(film)" title="Our Story (film)">Our Story</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Evening_Dress_(film)" title="Evening Dress (film)">Evening Dress</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Too_Beautiful_for_You" title="Too Beautiful for You">Too Beautiful for You</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Merci_la_vie" title="Merci la vie">Merci la vie</a></i></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1, 2, 3, Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/My_Man_(1996_film)" title="My Man (1996 film)">My Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Actors_(film)" title="Actors (film)">Actors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Les_C%C3%B4telettes" title="Les Côtelettes">Les Côtelettes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/How_Much_Do_You_Love_Me%3F" title="How Much Do You Love Me?">How Much Do You Love Me?</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Clink_of_Ice" title="The Clink of Ice">The Clink of Ice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Heavy_Duty_(film)" title="Heavy Duty (film)">Heavy Duty</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Osella_winning_films" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Osella" title="Template:Golden Osella"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Osella" title="Template talk:Golden Osella"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Osella" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Osella"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Osella_winning_films" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Osella" title="Golden Osella">Golden Osella</a> winning films</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gold_Rimmed_Glasses" title="The Gold Rimmed Glasses">The Gold Rimmed Glasses</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hip_Hip_Hurrah!_(film)" title="Hip Hip Hurrah! (film)">Hip Hip Hurrah!</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Games" title="House of Games">House of Games</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maurice_(1987_film)" title="Maurice (1987 film)">Maurice</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Black_Monk_(1988_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Black Monk (1988 film)">The Black Monk</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burning_Secret" title="Burning Secret">Burning Secret</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women_on_the_Verge_of_a_Nervous_Breakdown" title="Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown">Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown</a></i> (1988)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Australia_(1989_film)" title="Australia (1989 film)">Australia</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Want_to_Go_Home_(1989_film)" title="I Want to Go Home (1989 film)">I Want to Go Home</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boys_on_the_Outside" title="Boys on the Outside">Boys on the Outside</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/No_Fear,_No_Die" title="No Fear, No Die">No Fear, No Die</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Only_Witness" title="The Only Witness">The Only Witness</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Germany_Year_90_Nine_Zero" title="Germany Year 90 Nine Zero">Germany Year 90 Nine Zero</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Masala" title="Mississippi Masala">Mississippi Masala</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scream_of_Stone" title="Scream of Stone">Scream of Stone</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1, 2, 3, Sun</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Colours:_Blue" title="Three Colours: Blue">Three Colours: Blue</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ashes_of_Time" title="Ashes of Time">Ashes of Time</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lamerica" title="Lamerica">Lamerica</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tit_and_the_Moon" title="The Tit and the Moon">The Tit and the Moon</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/In_the_Bleak_Midwinter_(film)" title="In the Bleak Midwinter (film)">In the Bleak Midwinter</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maborosi" title="Maborosi">Maborosi</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deep_Crimson" title="Deep Crimson">Deep Crimson</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Box" title="Chinese Box">Chinese Box</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dry_Cleaning_(film)" title="Dry Cleaning (film)">Dry Cleaning</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ossos" title="Ossos">Ossos</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autumn_Tale" title="Autumn Tale">Autumn Tale</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shooting_the_Moon" title="Shooting the Moon">Shooting the Moon</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Howl%27s_Moving_Castle_(film)" title="Howl&#39;s Moving Castle (film)">Howl's Moving Castle</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Night,_and_Good_Luck" title="Good Night, and Good Luck">Good Night, and Good Luck</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Regular_Lovers" title="Regular Lovers">Regular Lovers</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Men" title="Children of Men">Children of Men</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)" title="The Queen (2006 film)">The Queen</a></i> (2006)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It%27s_a_Free_World..." title="It&#39;s a Free World...">It's a Free World...</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lust,_Caution" title="Lust, Caution">Lust, Caution</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paper_Soldier" title="Paper Soldier">Paper Soldier</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Teza_(film)" title="Teza (film)">Teza</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_During_Wartime_(film)" title="Life During Wartime (film)">Life During Wartime</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Nobody_(film)" title="Mr. Nobody (film)">Mr. Nobody</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Circus" title="The Last Circus">The Last Circus</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Silent_Souls" title="Silent Souls">Silent Souls</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alps_(film)" title="Alps (film)">Alps</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(2011_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (2011 film)">Wuthering Heights</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/It_Was_the_Son" title="It Was the Son">It Was the Son</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Something_in_the_Air_(2012_film)" title="Something in the Air (2012 film)">Something in the Air</a></i> (2012)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1263913190">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox 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Leah Marangu
<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Leah Marangu - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Leah Marangu</div><div class="honorific-suffix" style="font-size: 77%; font-weight: normal;">MBS, EBS</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Leah Marangu</div><br /><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1952-07-02</span>) </span>2 July 1952<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age&#160;72)</span><br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/South_Imenti_Constituency" title="South Imenti Constituency">South Imenti</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meru_County" title="Meru County">Meru County</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">Kenyan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma&#160;mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Nazarene_University" title="Olivet Nazarene University">Olivet Nazarene University </a><br /><a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University" title="Northern Illinois University">Northern Illinois University </a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role">Educator</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years&#160;active</th><td class="infobox-data">1978 – present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known&#160;for</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Africa" title="East Africa">East Africa</a>'s first woman full professor<br /><a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>'s first woman vice-chancellor</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title"><a href="/wiki/Vice-chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-chancellor">Vice-chancellor</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Professor <b>Leah Marangu</b>&#160;is a Kenyan academic. She was born in <a href="/wiki/South_Imenti_Constituency" title="South Imenti Constituency">South Imenti</a>, &#160;<a href="/wiki/Meru_County" title="Meru County">Meru County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>. She is considered to be one of Kenya's most distinguished and decorated scholars.<sup id="cite_ref-gender_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gender-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-BLP_unsourced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-BLP_unsourced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/40px-Ambox_important.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/60px-Ambox_important.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b4/Ambox_important.svg/80px-Ambox_important.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="40" data-file-height="40" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section of a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">biography of a living person</a> <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">include</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">references or sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help by adding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">reliable sources</a>. Contentious material about living people that is unsourced or poorly sourced <b>must be removed immediately</b>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;q=%22Leah+Marangu%22">"Leah Marangu"</a>&#160;–&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&amp;q=%22Leah+Marangu%22+-wikipedia&amp;tbs=ar:1">news</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&amp;q=%22Leah+Marangu%22&amp;tbs=bkt:s&amp;tbm=bks">newspapers</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&amp;q=%22Leah+Marangu%22+-wikipedia">books</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Leah+Marangu%22">scholar</a>&#160;<b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Leah+Marangu%22&amp;acc=on&amp;wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Marangu attended Kaaga High School and later trained for public health nursing and midwifery at Maua Methodist Hospital. She obtained a <a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Science" title="Bachelor of Science">Bachelor of Science</a> degree in Home Economics from <a href="/wiki/Olivet_Nazarene_University" title="Olivet Nazarene University">Olivet Nazarene University</a> and two <a href="/wiki/Master_of_Science" title="Master of Science">Master of Science</a> degrees in Home Economics and Family Environment from <a href="/wiki/Northern_Illinois_University" title="Northern Illinois University">Northern Illinois University</a>. Later she attained a <a href="/wiki/Ph.D." class="mw-redirect" title="Ph.D.">Ph.D.</a> in <a href="/wiki/Home_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Economics">Home Economics</a> from <a href="/wiki/Iowa_State_University" title="Iowa State University">Iowa State University</a> to become a Professor of <a href="/wiki/Home_Economics" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Economics">Home Economics</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leah Marangu was the <a href="/wiki/Vice-chancellor" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice-chancellor">vice-chancellor</a> of <a href="/wiki/Africa_Nazarene_University" title="Africa Nazarene University">Africa Nazarene University</a> between 1997 and 2017,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and is one of <a href="/wiki/Kenya" title="Kenya">Kenya</a>’s most distinguished and decorated <a href="/wiki/Scholar" title="Scholar">scholars</a>. A woman of many firsts, Professor Marangu was appointed a full Professor and chair of the Department of Home Economics at <a href="/wiki/Kenyatta_University" title="Kenyatta University">Kenyatta University</a> in 1978, becoming the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whownsafrica.com/leah-marangu-meru-native-who-rose-to-become-east-africas-first-female-full-profess/">first woman full Professor in Kenya and East Africa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:X_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:X-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She was the chair of the board of directors at the Jomo Kenyatta Foundation in 2005 and her appointment marked the first time ever a woman had held such a post in a parastatal in Kenya.<sup id="cite_ref-:X_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:X-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> She has served Kenya in various capacities, including Commission for University Education (CUE,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Egerton_University" title="Egerton University">Egerton University</a> Council, National Council of Science and Technology, <a href="/wiki/Kenya_Bureau_of_Standards" title="Kenya Bureau of Standards">Kenya Bureau of Standards</a>, Kenya Institute of Education (KIE), Institute of Policy Analysis and Research (IPAR), Inter University Council for East Africa (IUCEA), Taskforce on Performance Contract,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> among other bodies. Professor Marangu is Co-Founder of Education For All Children, an education-to-employment <a href="/wiki/NGO" class="mw-redirect" title="NGO">NGO</a> based in Nairobi.<sup id="cite_ref-:E_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:E-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Awards">Awards</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: Awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Leah Marangu is an Honorary Alumni of Kenyatta University.<sup id="cite_ref-gender_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gender-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2001, Marangu was awarded the Distinguished Alumni Award from Iowa State University, the highest alumni award at the institution.<sup id="cite_ref-KWP_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KWP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prof. Marangu was decorated the Moran of the Burning Spear (MBS) and awarded the Silver Star of Kenya award by former and late Presidents <a href="/wiki/Mwai_Kibaki" title="Mwai Kibaki">Mwai Kibaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Moi" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Moi">Daniel Moi</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-gender_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gender-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2018, former President <a href="/wiki/Uhuru_Kenyatta" title="Uhuru Kenyatta">Uhuru Kenyatta</a> awarded her the State Honour of the Elder of the Order of the Burning Spear (EBS) in recognition of her contributions to the field of education.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>She received an International Leadership and Character Award and Distinguished Achievement Citation by Iowa State University. The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Nairobi" title="University of Nairobi">University of Nairobi</a> has also recognized her as one of the Women Trailblazers in Kenya as an educationist.<a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://a-awsc.uonbi.ac.ke/sites/default/files/chss/arts/awsc/Journeys-of-women-trailblazers-LAUNCH.pdf">[1]</a> </p><p>She is also a recipient of <a href="/wiki/Olivet_Nazarene_University" title="Olivet Nazarene University">Olivet Nazarene University</a>'s Outstanding Alumni Lay Award (1996),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_Letters" title="Doctor of Letters">Doctor of Letters</a> (D.Lit.), and the Maggie Sloan Crawford Award.<sup id="cite_ref-:X_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:X-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Publications">Publications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Edit section: Publications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marangu has published in more than 50 peer-reviewed publications and has attracted over US$2.1 million in research grants. Prior to her appointment as the vice-chancellor at Africa Nazarene University, Marangu was a visiting professor at Brigham Young University in the US, where she had also worked as a professor for 12 other leading universities. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Marangu is married to Professor John Marangu. She is a mother and a grandmother.<sup id="cite_ref-KWP_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KWP-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gender-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gender_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gender_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gender_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gender.go.ke/prof-leah-marangu/">"Prof. Leah Marangu"</a>. <i>Ministry Public Service, Gender and Affirmative Action</i>. 2018-09-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Ministry+Public+Service%2C+Gender+and+Affirmative+Action&amp;rft.atitle=Prof.+Leah+Marangu&amp;rft.date=2018-09-14&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgender.go.ke%2Fprof-leah-marangu%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChege2018" class="citation web cs1">Chege, Njoki (2018-03-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nation.africa/kenya/life-and-style/women-style/pressing-for-progress-a-celebration-of-women-pioneers-in-all-spheres-19762">"Pressing for progress: A celebration of women pioneers in all spheres"</a>. <i>Nation Africa</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Standard&amp;rft.atitle=East+Africa%E2%80%99s+first+woman+professor+mentored+top+vice+chancellors&amp;rft.date=2014-06-28&amp;rft.aulast=Ombuor&amp;rft.aufirst=Joe&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.standardmedia.co.ke%2Ffeatures%2Farticle%2F2000126317%2Feast-africas-first-woman-professor-mentored-top-vice-chancellors&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cue.or.ke/">"Commission for University Education - Home"</a>. <i>www.cue.or.ke</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Global+Peace+Foundation&amp;rft.atitle=Professor+Leah+Marangu&amp;rft.date=2022-12-15&amp;rft.aulast=Eden&amp;rft.aufirst=Daniel&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalpeace.org%2Fspeaker%2Fprofessor-leah-marangu%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:E-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:E_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEducation_for_All_Children2020" class="citation web cs1">Education for All Children (2020-06-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.efac.org/leah-marangu-cofounder">"Professor Leah T. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Paukwa&amp;rft.atitle=Prof.+Leah+Marangu%3A+The+Academic&amp;rft.date=2022-11-08&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpaukwa.or.ke%2Fleah-marangu-the-academic%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlabi2018" class="citation web cs1">Alabi, Akin (2018-09-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk/president-uhuru-gazettes-state-awards-honours-to-women-trailblazers/">"President Uhuru gazettes State awards, honours to women trailblazers"</a>. <i>African Leadership Magazine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=African+Leadership+Magazine&amp;rft.atitle=President+Uhuru+gazettes+State+awards%2C+honours+to+women+trailblazers&amp;rft.date=2018-09-22&amp;rft.aulast=Alabi&amp;rft.aufirst=Akin&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.africanleadershipmagazine.co.uk%2Fpresident-uhuru-gazettes-state-awards-honours-to-women-trailblazers%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olivet.edu/alumni-friends/alumni-awards/alumni-awards-past-recipients/">"Alumni Awards Past Recipients"</a>. <i>Olivet Nazarene University</i>. 2023-05-15<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Olivet+Nazarene+University&amp;rft.atitle=Alumni+Awards+Past+Recipients&amp;rft.date=2023-05-15&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.olivet.edu%2Falumni-friends%2Falumni-awards%2Falumni-awards-past-recipients%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ALeah+Marangu" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090309225327/http://www.hs.iastate.edu/alumni/awards/2001/2001lmarangu.php">Iowa State University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.anu.ac.ke/history-2/">Nazarene University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.olivet.edu/">Olivet Nazarene University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gender.go.ke/prof-leah-marangu/">Ministry of Public Service and Gender</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Improve_categories plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-cat_improve" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional or more specific <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">categories</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leah_Marangu&amp;action=edit">help out</a> by <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization#How_do_I_add_an_article_to_a_category?" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Categorization">adding categories</a> to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2023</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐ext.codfw.main‐7845fc798d‐fnfb7 Cached time: 20241229013837 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.358 seconds Real time usage: 0.481 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 2201/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 40326/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3253/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 2/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 40023/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.217/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 6656247/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 452.447 1 -total 31.93% 144.461 1 Template:Reflist 27.99% 126.657 1 Template:Infobox_person 26.80% 121.242 10 Template:Cite_web 21.78% 98.551 1 Template:BLP_unsourced_section 20.57% 93.061 1 Template:BLP_unsourced 20.40% 92.316 2 Template:Ambox 19.81% 89.612 1 Template:User_other 11.89% 53.789 1 Template:Short_description 8.17% 36.951 3 Template:Pagetype --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key enwiki:pcache:22256336:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241229013837 and revision id 1261499539. 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Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Quebec
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Available in 7 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-7" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">7 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%B3_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B3_(%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%83)" title="نورت دام ديس بينس (كيبك) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نورت دام ديس بينس (كيبك)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_(Quebec)" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins (Quebec) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins (Quebec)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B1-%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AF%D9%87-%D9%BE%D9%86%D8%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A8%DA%A9" title="نوتر-دام-ده-پن، کبک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نوتر-دام-ده-پن، کبک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame-des-Pins" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3344643#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&amp;params=46_11_N_70_43_W_region:CA-QC_type:city(1812)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°11′N</span> <span class="longitude">70°43′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.183°N 70.717°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.183; -70.717</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins,_Quebec&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Quebec">Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Quebec</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Parish municipality in Quebec, Canada</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Parish_municipality_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish municipality (Quebec)">Parish municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pont_Perrault_(Qu%C3%A9bec)_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg/250px-Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg/375px-Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg/500px-Pont_Perrault_%28Qu%C3%A9bec%29_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM."><img alt="Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png/250px-Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png/375px-Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png/500px-Notre-Dame-des-Pins_Quebec_location_diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="1030" data-file-height="840" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Location within Beauce-Sartigan RCM.</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins is located in Southern Quebec"><img alt="Notre-Dame-des-Pins is located in Southern Quebec" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/250px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/375px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png/500px-Canada_Southern_Quebec_location_map.png 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="435" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.395%;left:78.906%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Notre-Dame-des-Pins"><img alt="Notre-Dame-des-Pins" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Notre-Dame-des-Pins</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in southern Quebec.</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&amp;params=46_11_N_70_43_W_region:CA-QC_type:city(1812)"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">46°11′N</span> <span class="longitude">70°43′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">&#xfeff; / &#xfeff;</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">46.183°N 70.717°W</span><span style="display:none">&#xfeff; / <span class="geo">46.183; -70.717</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-toponymie_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toponymie-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_and_territories_of_Canada" title="Provinces and territories of Canada">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/23px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/35px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Flag_of_Quebec.svg/45px-Flag_of_Quebec.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Region_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Region (Quebec)">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regional_county_municipality" title="Regional county municipality">RCM</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Constituted</th><td class="infobox-data">June 29, 1926</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mamrot_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mamrot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data">Pierre Bégin</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_Canadian_federal_electoral_districts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Canadian federal electoral districts">Federal riding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beauce_(electoral_district)" title="Beauce (electoral district)">Beauce</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;<a href="/wiki/List_of_Quebec_provincial_electoral_districts" title="List of Quebec provincial electoral districts">Prov. riding</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sud" title="Beauce-Sud">Beauce-Sud</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-mamrot_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mamrot-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-cp2021_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">25.00&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (9.65&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Land</th><td class="infobox-data">24.09&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (9.30&#160;sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap">&#160;</span>(2021)<sup id="cite_ref-cp2021_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cp2021-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;">&#160;•&#160;Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1,812</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Density</th><td class="infobox-data">75.2/km<sup>2</sup> (195/sq&#160;mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Pop&#160;<small>2016-2021</small><div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> 13.7%</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">&#160;•&#160;Dwellings<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th><td class="infobox-data">763</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%925" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−5">UTC−5</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">EST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">&#160;•&#160;Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%924" class="mw-redirect" title="UTC−4">UTC−4</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Daylight_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Daylight Time">EDT</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Canadian_postal_code" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian postal code">Postal code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code"><a href="/wiki/List_of_G_postal_codes_of_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="List of G postal codes of Canada">G0M 1K0</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area code(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_418_and_581" class="mw-redirect" title="Area codes 418 and 581">418 and 581</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highways <br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg/24px-Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg/36px-Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg/48px-Quebec_Autoroute_73.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="217" data-file-height="289" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Autoroute_73" title="Quebec Autoroute 73">A-73</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><br /> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qc173.svg/24px-Qc173.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qc173.svg/36px-Qc173.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Qc173.svg/48px-Qc173.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="602" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_Route_173" title="Quebec Route 173">R-173</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.notredamedespins.qc.ca">www.notredame<br />despins.qc.ca</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Notre-Dame-des-Pins</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">&#91;nɔtʁə<span class="wrap"> </span>dam<span class="wrap"> </span>de<span class="wrap"> </span>pɛ̃&#93;</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Parish_municipality_(Quebec)" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish municipality (Quebec)">parish municipality</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a> region of <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. Its population is 1,812 as of the <a href="/wiki/Canada_2021_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada 2021 Census">Canada 2021 Census</a>. </p><p>Notre-Dame-des-Pins is known for its <a href="/wiki/Covered_bridge" title="Covered bridge">covered bridge</a> crossing the <a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re_River" title="Chaudière River">Chaudière River</a>. Built in 1928 and opened in 1929, it is 146 m long. It is the longest of its kind in Quebec and the second longest in Canada. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When the municipality was founded, in 1926, the original name was Notre-Dame-de-la-Providence. Since the name never really established itself in local usage, it was changed to Notre-Dame-des-Pins in 1978.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/2021_Canadian_census" title="2021 Canadian census">2021 Census of Population</a> conducted by <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>, Notre-Dame-des-Pins had a population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003181200000000000♠"></span>1,812</span> living in <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002745000000000000♠"></span>745</span> of its <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002763000000000000♠"></span>763</span> total private dwellings, a change of <span data-sort-value="7001136762860727728♠" style="display:none"></span>13.7% from its 2016 population of <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7003159400000000000♠"></span>1,594</span>. With a land area of 24.09&#160;km<sup>2</sup> (9.30&#160;sq&#160;mi), it had a population density of <span style="display:none" data-sort-value="7001752179327521793♠"></span>75.2/km<sup>2</sup> (194.8/sq&#160;mi) in 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-2021census_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2021census-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-toponymie-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-toponymie_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/fiche.aspx?no_seq=92439">"<i>Banque de noms de lieux du Québec</i>: Reference number 92439"</a>. <i>toponymie.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). <a href="/wiki/Commission_de_toponymie_du_Qu%C3%A9bec" title="Commission de toponymie du Québec">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=toponymie.gouv.qc.ca&amp;rft.atitle=Banque+de+noms+de+lieux+du+Qu%C3%A9bec%3A+Reference+number+92439&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2Ffiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D92439&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mamrot-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mamrot_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mamrot_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.quebec.ca/gouvernement/portrait-quebec/repertoire-municipalites?field=municipalite&amp;municipalite=29120">"<i>Répertoire des municipalités</i>: Geographic code 29120"</a>. <i>www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca</i> (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca&amp;rft.atitle=R%C3%A9pertoire+des+municipalit%C3%A9s%3A+Geographic+code+29120&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.quebec.ca%2Fgouvernement%2Fportrait-quebec%2Frepertoire-municipalites%3Ffield%3Dmunicipalite%26municipalite%3D29120&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-cp2021-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-cp2021_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-cp2021_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/dp-pd/prof/details/page.cfm?Lang=E&amp;SearchText=Notre-Dame-des-Pins&amp;GENDERlist=1&amp;STATISTIClist=1&amp;DGUIDlist=2021A00052429120">"Data table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population - Notre-Dame-des-Pins, Paroisse (Municipalité de) (PE) &#91;Census subdivision&#93;, Quebec"</a>. 9 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Data+table%2C+Census+Profile%2C+2021+Census+of+Population+-+Notre-Dame-des-Pins%2C+Paroisse+%28Municipalit%C3%A9+de%29+%28PE%29+%26%2391%3BCensus+subdivision%26%2393%3B%2C+Quebec&amp;rft.date=2022-02-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww12.statcan.gc.ca%2Fcensus-recensement%2F2021%2Fdp-pd%2Fprof%2Fdetails%2Fpage.cfm%3FLang%3DE%26SearchText%3DNotre-Dame-des-Pins%26GENDERlist%3D1%26STATISTIClist%3D1%26DGUIDlist%3D2021A00052429120&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/ct/ToposWeb/Fiche.aspx?no_seq=92439">"Fiche descriptive"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Fiche+descriptive&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftoponymie.gouv.qc.ca%2Fct%2FToposWeb%2FFiche.aspx%3Fno_seq%3D92439&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2021census-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2021census_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=9810000202&amp;geocode=A000224">"Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_Canada" title="Statistics Canada">Statistics Canada</a>. February 9, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Population+and+dwelling+counts%3A+Canada%2C+provinces+and+territories%2C+and+census+subdivisions+%28municipalities%29%2C+Quebec&amp;rft.pub=Statistics+Canada&amp;rft.date=2022-02-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww150.statcan.gc.ca%2Ft1%2Ftbl1%2Fen%2Ftv.action%3Fpid%3D9810000202%26geocode%3DA000224&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANotre-Dame-des-Pins" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090415073751/http://www.toponymie.gouv.qc.ca/CT/topos/topos.html">Commission de toponymie du Québec</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mamrot.gouv.qc.ca/">Ministère des Affaires municipales, des Régions et de l'Occupation du territoire</a></li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div 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navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Beauceville,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Beauceville, Quebec">Beauceville</a></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simon-les-Mines,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Simon-les-Mines, Quebec">Saint-Simon-les-Mines</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec" title="Saint-Georges, Quebec">Saint-Georges</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="22px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Quebec&amp;#124;link=Quebec_Subdivisions_of_Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM" title="Template:Beauce-Sartigan RCM"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beauce-Sartigan_RCM" title="Template talk:Beauce-Sartigan 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/></a></span></span>&#160;Subdivisions of <a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cities &amp; Towns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Georges,_Quebec" title="Saint-Georges, Quebec">Saint-Georges</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Municipalities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Courcelles%E2%80%93Saint-%C3%89variste" title="Courcelles–Saint-Évariste">Courcelles–Saint-Évariste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Beno%C3%AEt-Labre" title="Saint-Benoît-Labre">Saint-Benoît-Labre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-C%C3%B4me%E2%80%93Lini%C3%A8re" title="Saint-Côme–Linière">Saint-Côme–Linière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89phrem-de-Beauce" title="Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce">Saint-Éphrem-de-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-G%C3%A9d%C3%A9on-de-Beauce" title="Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce">Saint-Gédéon-de-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Honor%C3%A9-de-Shenley" title="Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley">Saint-Honoré-de-Shenley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Philibert,_Quebec" title="Saint-Philibert, Quebec">Saint-Philibert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Simon-les-Mines" title="Saint-Simon-les-Mines">Saint-Simon-les-Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Th%C3%A9ophile" title="Saint-Théophile">Saint-Théophile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parishes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Notre-Dame-des-Pins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset" title="Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset">Saint-Hilaire-de-Dorset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin,_Quebec" title="Saint-Martin, Quebec">Saint-Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ren%C3%A9,_Quebec" title="Saint-René, Quebec">Saint-René</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lac-Poulin" title="Lac-Poulin">Lac-Poulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Guadeloupe" title="La Guadeloupe">La Guadeloupe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b>Regional County Municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Chaudi%C3%A8re-Appalaches" title="Chaudière-Appalaches">Chaudière-Appalaches</a>:</b><br /> <a href="/wiki/Beauce-Centre_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Centre Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beauce-Sartigan_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Beauce-Sartigan Regional County Municipality">Beauce-Sartigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellechasse_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Bellechasse Regional County Municipality">Bellechasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Nouvelle-Beauce_Regional_County_Municipality" title="La Nouvelle-Beauce Regional County Municipality">La Nouvelle-Beauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Appalaches_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Appalaches Regional County Municipality">Les Appalaches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Etchemins_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Les Etchemins Regional County Municipality">Les Etchemins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%27Islet_Regional_County_Municipality" title="L&#39;Islet Regional County Municipality">L'Islet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotbini%C3%A8re_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Lotbinière Regional County Municipality">Lotbinière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montmagny_Regional_County_Municipality" title="Montmagny Regional County Municipality">Montmagny</a></li></ul> <ul><li><b>Independent Cities:</b> <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9vis" title="Lévis">Lévis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&amp;#124;text-top&amp;#124;10px&amp;#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&amp;#124;link=https&amp;#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3344643#identifiers&amp;#124;class=noprint&amp;#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th 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