MrLight/general-reasoner-megamath-fineweb-1014-filter-top40

id stringlengths 47 112	question stringlengths 36 2.18k	short_answer stringlengths 0 2.31k	verifications int64 0 7	domain stringlengths 2 84
1443736679281.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215759-00082-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/489	Given a vertical line segment from (300,200) to (300,300) and a point (345,400), why does the Bresenham-based algorithm in the code fail to compute the correct closest point, while the vector projection method succeeds? Explain the mathematical and algorithmic reasons.	The vector projection method clamps the parameter t to the segment bounds, correctly computing (300,300) as the closest point.	3	Computer Graphics and Computational Geometry
<urn:uuid:c33aceb5-f050-4f47-a0c9-670a250458ab>	Which dietary intervention would most effectively reduce inflammation-induced cytokine signaling through the vagus nerve to mitigate dysbiosis-linked diseases like colorectal cancer and depression, considering the microbiome's role in immune modulation and neurotransmitter production?	fermented vegetables	0	biology
<urn:uuid:d95a4e4a-daad-4658-82fb-67dcc8698223>	In the aftermath of the 1848 Avenue Range Station massacre where nine to eleven Tanganekald people were killed by settlers James Brown and Eastwood, how did the legal framework of the Colony of South Australia, particularly the Aboriginal Witnesses Act of 1848, contribute to the failure of Brown's prosecution and subsequent legislative changes?	Amended Aboriginal Witnesses Act of 1849 allowing conviction on uncorroborated Aboriginal testimony	0	Legal History
<urn:uuid:f7334a12-e54b-4407-975f-501897c311a9>	In a scenario where a city resident with no stored water must choose between collecting water from a community swimming pool or a retention pond during an emergency, which source is safer to drink after applying the most effective purification methods described, considering contamination risks and required treatment steps?	community swimming pool	7	survival/emergency preparedness
1440644064517.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025424-00139-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/152	Given a smooth projective variety X over an algebraically closed field and a Chern character xi with Euler characteristic zero, does there exist a non-zero coherent sheaf F on X with Chern character xi such that all cohomology groups H^i(X,F) vanish? Justify using properties of moduli spaces and cohomological vanishing.	Yes	2	mathematics
1410657133417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011213-00145-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/257	In granular materials under gravity, how does the abnormally weak shear modulus observed in surface wave experiments interact with the pore-pressure dynamics from dilatancy in debris-flow models to influence the stability of granular flows?	pore-pressure dynamics	3	Physics
1448398460519.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205420-00204-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/428	In a tridiagonal linear system solver using LU decomposition, the algorithm computes error bounds even when the matrix is nearly singular. What specific mechanism allows the solver to provide these bounds, and under what condition does the algorithm proceed despite the matrix being singular to working precision?	The solver uses iterative refinement (DGTRFS) with the original and factored matrices to compute error bounds even when RCOND < machine precision.	1	Numerical Linear Algebra
1424936462839.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00221-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/182	Given two distinct meeting structures for 7 segments with identical valence sets and pairings but differing characteristic polynomials of their adjacency matrices, how many unique meeting structures are counted for n=7 segments when using the determinant method as a discriminator?	369	0	mathematics
1432207928586.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00215-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/493	How does the integration of symbolic computation in engineering education enhance the analysis of anisotropic material deformation under elastic-plastic conditions, considering both Poisson's ratio and finite element methods?	symbolic computation	7	engineering
<urn:uuid:6cab7068-4157-49f3-ab03-aac63df62a9b>	Which part-of-speech tagger configuration achieved the highest accuracy on the conll2000 corpus when considering both the order of taggers and the impact of training data similarity to the target corpus?	aubt_tagger	0	Natural Language Processing
1438042981460.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002301-00277-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/565	Compare the misuse of mathematical formalism in Samuel Huntington's political instability equation and William Dembski's design inference framework. Determine whether their approaches are fundamentally similar or different based on the criteria of definitional rigor and logical consistency.	different	3	philosophy_of_science
1443737927030.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221847-00080-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/378	In a logistic regression model analyzing the effect of a categorical variable (female) and a continuous variable (s) on a binary outcome, with an interaction term (fs) and a covariate (cv1), how does the male-female difference in predicted probabilities change as the covariate cv1 increases from 40 to 60, while holding the continuous predictor s constant at 50? Assume the model includes coefficients for f, s, fs, and cv1.	0.2	0	statistics
<urn:uuid:251f8dd6-49bf-4028-b4c9-b66c9e343ef6>	Given the conflicting census records of Thomas Brockett's birthplace (Bexley, Chichester, Camberwell, and Lambeth), the absence of Brockett family records in Chichester and Bexley, the enumerator's error in 1861, and the family's Catholic affiliations through Margaret Ryan's Irish heritage, determine the most plausible birthplace of Thomas Brockett based on the available evidence.	Camberwell	7	Genealogy
<urn:uuid:bd3d9444-d073-48e4-9de3-f90621cb40a3>	Why does the cosmic infrared background (CIRB) in the wavelength range 10–40 µm require indirect measurements via cosmic high-energy opacity instead of direct detection, while the 100–500 µm range can be directly observed through spectral windows with minimal foreground contamination?	indirect measurements via cosmic high-energy opacity	5	astrophysics
<urn:uuid:063886e8-7ff4-40a0-9364-49f1bd0e26d8>	A binary distillation column operates at 1 bar with an overall efficiency of 0.7 and an optimum reflux ratio (R0/Rmin) of 1.3 for low energy costs. If the operating pressure is increased to 6 bar, where the overall efficiency rises to 0.9 and energy costs are high, what is the new optimum reflux ratio (R0/Rmin)?	1.1	1	chemical engineering
<urn:uuid:b29cddf3-126e-4470-b298-788cd6f6e24e>	Which cover crop mulch system (mowed rye-vetch, rolled rye-vetch, or black plastic over plowed rye-vetch) provides the highest cost-effectiveness when considering both nitrogen fertility, weed suppression, and supplemental fertilizer expenses, given that vetch has a C:N ratio of 9:1, rye 40:1, and plowing-in increases nitrogen availability?	Mowed rye-vetch mulch	0	Agricultural Science
<urn:uuid:565996c1-68e5-4f21-a54b-b558802aecc8>	Given the projected 12% compound annual growth rate for hybrid electric vehicles and the necessity for cross-industry collaboration in infrastructure development, which development scenario (market-specific or new model expansion) is most likely to dominate by 2020 based on the interplay between consumer price sensitivity (≤10% premium acceptance), existing partnerships like Renault-EDF, and the absence of standardized recharging systems?	B	2	Automotive Industry
<urn:uuid:32eac805-7e44-410a-881c-c85b7b21e377>	A French national testifies in a U.S. federal court, provides a false statement under oath with intent to mislead, and later recants the statement during the same proceeding. Can they be convicted of perjury under U.S. federal law despite France’s legal system prohibiting oaths for suspects? Assume the false statement was material to the case.	NO	0	Law
<urn:uuid:f85120d9-352a-49ec-930c-4025d086a2d3>	A digitally controlled DC motor system uses an 8-bit D/A converter and an F/V converter calibrated to 3.0 V at 160 Hz. The motor's maximum speed is 4800 rpm. Why does the system achieve only 6-bit resolution for speed control before the motor reaches its maximum speed, despite the D/A converter being 8-bit?	4800	0	Electrical Engineering
<urn:uuid:e941f229-adc4-4b37-97dd-f2363bfc5872>	How do the NIST-developed crystallization prediction model for polycrystalline growth and the microfluidic device for polymer synthesis synergistically enhance material design in nanotechnology applications?	The model and device enable design of products with improved strength, durability, and other properties.	7	Materials Science
1440645371566.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031611-00145-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/483	Given a cubic Bézier curve with control points P₀(0,0), P₁(1,2), P₂(3,2), P₃(4,0), and a text path with a normalized x-coordinate of 0.5, calculate the final (x,y) position of a text character's point after applying arc-length parameterization and perpendicular offset. Assume the text's y-coordinate is 10, the total arc-length of the curve is 10 units, and the arc-length table for 4 divisions is [0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10].	(2, -8.5)	0	computer graphics
<urn:uuid:9bd8d2c6-ebbf-471c-89a6-ef79b8bf709d>	Did the Marconi Scandal of 1912 indirectly influence Britain's decision to enter World War I by altering David Lloyd George's political trajectory and subsequent opposition to the war, thereby affecting Prime Minister Asquith's ability to secure Liberal Party unity for the conflict?	True	0	History
<urn:uuid:757290ec-833b-4b98-b1a5-cae94b56ac29>	In the context of idolatry and spiritual governance, which false god is associated with promoting materialism and self-interest, and through what method does the true God counteract this by replacing idolatrous desires with trust and spiritual treasures via the Holy Spirit?	Mammon	7	Theology
1424936462577.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00262-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/138	Consider a bit vector A of length n partitioned into k blocks. Let Q₀ and Q_Δ represent partial sums at specific offsets within each block. Prove that the entropy difference between encoding Q₀ and Q_Δ separately versus jointly remains Ω(k) even when conditioning on an event E with probability ≥ 2^{-εk}. Determine the minimum value of ε that preserves this lower bound.	ε < 1/3	1	Theoretical Computer Science
<urn:uuid:6a2541ee-c9ba-4ad6-9daa-2cc2f2c23cdd>	In a collaborative navigation system using SIFT-based intensity image matching for coarse alignment and 3D ranging for positioning, what critical factor leads to increased positional errors when transitioning to GPS-denied environments?	the lack of tight integration between 3D ranging and IMU data	0	Engineering/Navigation
1435375094957.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00156-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/124	In a build system that requires tracking dependencies without evaluating the output of file reads, why does a Monad-based approach fail when conditional logic depends on the content of a file, and which abstraction (Arrows or Applicative) resolves this by enabling dependency tracking without execution of intermediate steps?	Arrows	3	Functional Programming
<urn:uuid:121e8e63-f377-4e5b-a70b-ccc330d4f466>	In the context of displacement caused by the 2011 drought in the Horn of Africa, which led to 100,000 people seeking refuge in Kenya and triggered intercommunity conflicts over resources, would the Nansen Initiative's proposed solutions align with the traditional refugee convention framework? Consider the multi-causal nature of displacement (natural disasters, conflict, resource scarcity) and the Nansen Initiative's emphasis on cooperation versus substitute international protection.	No	1	International Law and Climate Policy
1429246639482.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045719-00006-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/679	Which optimization technique in OpenMP for parallel prime-finding code reduces synchronization overhead the most while maintaining correctness, given that the code uses shared counters for prime classification and requires load balancing across threads?	reduction clause	2	Computer Science
<urn:uuid:cdea62cc-cee5-4ae3-bc05-8ae3a4095f87>	How did the demographic changes in Mandatory Palestine between 1922 and 1937, combined with British geopolitical strategies, lead to the shift from a one-state solution to a two-state proposal as outlined in the Peel Commission Report?	Peel Commission	6	History
1438042988840.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/416	A method converts a simulated unbiased die with 6 sides into a bit string by comparing binary representations of R-1 and S to find the first differing bit where S has a 1 and R has a 0. What is the maximum number of unbiased bits that can be reliably extracted using this method?	2	3	Cryptography
1418802773061.155/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075253-00062-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/551	In a control affine nonlinear system, how does the boundary layer thickness in a modified trajectory tracking algorithm (Algorithm 1) interact with the observer gain parameter (γ) in a high-gain observer (Algorithm 2) to balance the trade-off between reducing chattering effects and minimizing tracking error?	\boxed{\alpha}	0	Control Systems
1427131298228.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172138-00262-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/449	How does the descending branch of the Rehm-Weller curve shift when comparing fluorescence quenching of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene in hexane (low polarity) versus acetonitrile (high polarity), considering the interplay between Coulomb attraction, ion recombination rates, and solvent polarity effects on the Stern-Volmer constant?	left	1	Physical Chemistry
1405997877644.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025757-00162-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/487	Analyze the connection between the G20 countries' total funding pledge of $1,106 billion and the 666th minute of the day (11:06) in relation to Barack Obama's gematria values. How do these elements interlink with the 1944-minute cycle derived from four clock times (5:06 AM, 11:06 AM, 5:06 PM, 11:06 PM) and the sum of his English and Hebrew gematria values?	Yes	4	Gematria and Cryptographic Analysis
<urn:uuid:bd8450e2-0a49-45b3-957b-7050fdd15efd>	Given that each magnet pair in Kedron's design generates a net yield of 0.90 inch-pounds of mechanical energy and requires 6.56 inch-pounds of work to separate, what is the minimum number of magnet pairs needed in a machine to achieve a 3:1 output-to-input ratio, assuming 30% energy loss in the machine's mechanical components?	Impossible	6	Physics
1412037663417.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00386-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/596	How does advanced knowledge of Group Theory, as studied by Nick Wasserman in his research on Horizon Content Knowledge, influence the teaching of combinatorial concepts in K-12 mathematics, considering his analysis of combinations in combinatorics education?	structural insights via Horizon Content Knowledge framework	6	mathematics education
<urn:uuid:ee7edb06-6ffe-4630-afe3-94403ffe66a7>	Why does the addition of a neutron pair in the Borromean nucleus 6He not increase fusion probability compared to 5He, despite the expected structural changes in neutron-rich helium isotopes near the neutron drip-line?	The Borromean structure of 6He and dominant neutron transfer dynamics suppress fusion probability compared to 5He.	2	physics
<urn:uuid:e6fa8b87-875f-4f42-87be-f988df083008>	What interdisciplinary approach combines the challenges of 3D reconstruction in building interiors (with data heterogeneity and incompleteness) and architectural geometry optimization (e.g., quadrilateral panels for cost reduction) to enable digital construction and maintenance?	deep learning-based semantization with architectural geometry optimization	0	Computer Science and Structural Engineering
1443737893676.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221813-00139-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/480	Calculate the number of trailing zeros in the expression (100!^100) divided by the product of factorials from 0! to 99!.	1300	6	mathematics
<urn:uuid:b6ba919f-7f87-4809-8161-81b35aad2a4e>	How did the Nazis' use of tourism to promote the Volksgemeinschaft and the Protestant church's resistance to antisemitism intersect in shaping societal cohesion during the Third Reich?	The tourism industry's alignment with Nazi goals contributed to societal cohesion, while the Protestant church's resistance was limited and did not significantly challenge it.	0	History
<urn:uuid:e645f58b-738f-4fdc-8529-a339e1814740>	How does the evolution of God's communication style from first-person plural in Genesis to the use of prophets in the Prophets reflect changes in His approach to guiding the Israelites and their relationship with divine beings?	God's shift from consulting divine beings to using prophets enabled Israelite independence by fostering self-guidance through human intermediaries	0	Theology
1397609535775.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005215-00147-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/538	If a macro-level event like a coin toss is influenced by a universal wave function whose probability distribution follows the square of a complex amplitude (analogous to the Born rule in quantum mechanics), does this model account for the observed statistical anomalies in the experiment, such as frequent consecutive identical outcomes (e.g., six heads in a row) exceeding classical independence predictions?	Yes	2	Physics
<urn:uuid:f185614f-ae85-4cfe-b7b2-931229cee517>	Alfred Winslow Jones pioneered a market-neutral investment strategy by balancing long and short positions to hedge against market risk. Considering Warren Buffett's critique of derivatives as a systemic threat and the evolution of 'Fund of Funds' products that bundle hedge funds with low entry barriers, which statement is verifiably correct about the relationship between Jones' original strategy and modern hedge fund practices?	FALSE	2	Financial History and Investment Strategies
1440644063666.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025423-00082-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/652	In quantum optics, can the natural line width of an atomic ensemble in a resonant cavity be explained by a single mode with finite spectral width, as defined by first-order coherence and indistinguishable photons, without requiring transitions to other discrete frequency modes? Consider the implications of phase-dispersion equations, spontaneous emission, and the relationship between quantum and classical mode definitions.	Yes	3	physics
1430456823285.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501050703-00090-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/350	Given a lossless transmission line with nonlinear resistive load characterized by V-I relation V = aI + bI³ and parameters C = 10 pF/m, L = 5 nH/m, R = 50 Ω, Z₀ = 50 Ω, and a source voltage V_s = 1 V, determine whether the operator B defined in the fixed point method is contractive in the space of continuous functions with bounded derivatives. Assume the line length is 1 m and the propagation delay T = 1 ns.	YES	0	mathematics
1410657123996.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011203-00254-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/2	In computational physics, when solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for Bose-Einstein condensates, which numerical method preserves the energy diminishing property of the normalized gradient flow in both linear and nonlinear cases, and outperforms Crank-Nicolson finite difference (CNFD) or forward Euler finite difference (FEFD) methods in this context?	BEFD	2	Computational Physics
1438042988308.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002308-00025-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/75	In an AVR microcontroller operating at 16 MHz with a Timer2 prescaler of 64, the MsTimer2 library originally used normal mode and compensated for timing errors by setting TCNT2 to 6 in its ISR. However, when the serial output ISR (taking 98 CPU cycles) interrupts the Timer2 ISR (taking 38 CPU cycles), the timing deviates significantly. What is the maximum number of CPU cycles the Timer2 ISR can take before causing a timing error in this setup, assuming the compensation requires skipping exactly 6 timer ticks?	384	4	Embedded Systems
1414637900160.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025820-00081-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/311	A researcher analyzing risk factors for birth defects observes two binary variables (father's and mother's Spanish origin) with a Pearson correlation of 0.808, a VIF of 3.416, and a tolerance of 0.293. Given that logistic regression models often use stricter multicollinearity thresholds (VIF > 2.5 or tolerance < 0.2 as concerns), should the researcher drop one of these variables despite the VIF being below 4 and the tolerance above 0.1?	Yes	5	Statistics
1410657136181.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011216-00225-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/39	Which adaptive prefix coding algorithm achieves both O(1) worst-case time for encoding/decoding and an optimal encoding length of (H + 1)\|s\| + o(\|s\|) bits, outperforming prior methods like Knuth's and Vitter's adaptive Huffman coders that had Θ(H) amortized time and suboptimal redundancy?	Gagie and Nekrich (2009)	0	Computer Science
1429246654687.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045734-00304-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/283	A 1994-2004 federal assault weapons ban was analyzed using BATFE firearms trace data, which showed a reduction in traced 'assault weapons' from 3% to 1% of total traces. Critics argue this 66% relative decline is misleading due to statistical flaws. Evaluate whether the observed change provides valid evidence of the ban's effectiveness, considering sample bias, statistical significance thresholds, and variance in trace data.	FALSE	7	Statistics
1424936462202.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00287-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/343	In a COMSOL 2D axial symmetry model of a thermoelectric device, how must the weak form equation for the Seebeck effect be modified to account for both the correct Jacobian and sign conventions, given that the 3D version uses dVol_htgh(ST)(-Jx_emdctest(TSx_htgh)-Jy_emdctest(TSy_htgh)-Jz_emdctest(TSz_htgh)) and axial symmetry requires a Jacobian of 2πr?	2πr·(S·T)·(-Jr_emdc·test(TSr_htgh)-Jz_emdc·test(TSz_htgh))	5	Physics and Computational Modeling
<urn:uuid:21779564-529f-4878-9d71-6ab22667c5a2>	Considering the medical risks associated with suborbital spaceflight and the FAA's training requirements for participants, does a prospective spaceflight participant with well-controlled hypertension and a documented history of unsafe behaviors during centrifuge testing require additional medical training beyond standard emergency procedures to ensure mission safety?	true	7	space medicine
<urn:uuid:50ce9bc0-448b-4669-8465-5eff5addad51>	In the context of ethical dilemmas where national laws conflict with divine commandments, which historical figure's approach aligns most closely with the combined principles of seeking welfare of foreign communities (Jeremiah 29:7), avoiding divisiveness (Proverbs 24:21), and using negotiation or subterfuge to uphold higher moral laws, as exemplified by Daniel's dietary compromise (Daniel 1) and the Hebrew midwives' defiance of Pharaoh (Exodus 1)?	Shiphrah and Puah	0	Religious Ethics
<urn:uuid:19846d5f-008c-4653-90dd-a5cb7e617a51>	A joint venture between two companies is ending, and they must distribute assets including intellectual property (IP). The Joint Venture Agreement (JVA) and Shareholders Agreement (SHA) are in place. What is the correct procedure for distributing the IP assets upon termination, considering both agreements and the need for an independent valuation?	The distribution of intellectual property assets upon termination is governed by the termination clauses in the Joint Venture Agreement, which must reference the specific terms of the IP transfer agreement, and may require an independent valuation if parties cannot agree on pricing.	2	Business Law
<urn:uuid:c2dcebaf-654e-4c8d-b06c-00204f6a51e2>	How does W.H. Auden's elegy for Sigmund Freud use the dichotomy between Eros (civilized love) and anarchic Aphrodite (unbridled desire) in its final stanza to reflect on the role of psychoanalysis in both individual and societal contexts, based on Freud's theories in Civilization and Its Discontents?	Eros and anarchic Aphrodite	3	Literary Analysis
<urn:uuid:43af75c9-7ff2-4283-b491-dd3212d6fe99>	In Christian theology, how does the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ simultaneously nullify the curse of death and free believers from the mastery of sin, based on the concepts that Jesus bore the curse, believers are united with His death, and the devil's power over death is destroyed?	Jesus' death and resurrection nullify the curse by bearing it and destroy the devil's power over death, freeing believers from sin's mastery through union with His death and resurrection.	7	Theology
<urn:uuid:9b52077e-629a-450a-8fda-d0a1733bc0e6>	Which technological milestone, the invention of the printing press in the 1440s or the launch of Sputnik in 1957, was more pivotal in establishing the global communication infrastructure that enabled modern globalization, considering their respective roles in overcoming prior limitations like ionosphere fading in radio networks and enabling mass information dissemination?	B	3	History and Technology
1443738009849.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001222009-00234-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/218	In an (∞,1)-sheaf (∞,1)-topos over a site of topological spaces, consider the natural numbers object N. If N is not a discrete object, what is the implication for its cohomology with constant coefficients in a discrete space?	nontrivial cohomology	7	category theory
<urn:uuid:2d93b308-6b35-4a48-8b10-ce219428a17e>	Why do psychiatric genetic researchers continue to search for genes underlying conditions like schizophrenia and depression despite decades of non-replicated findings, while societal responses to conditions with known environmental causes (e.g., NFL concussions) focus on environmental interventions rather than genetic explanations?	Flawed assumptions about genetics and economic/political interests promoting genetic explanations	0	biology
<urn:uuid:031e0b29-29b9-430b-ab5b-da127dc181f1>	When data collected for treatment monitoring are repurposed for an evaluation without specific consent, but the data are anonymized, is a Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) review required according to the National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines?	yes	7	Ethics in Research
<urn:uuid:fb3d69c8-85b1-4946-9d69-8bd4011e2c55>	Why did Babylonian physicians (asû) disappear from historical records in the first millennium BCE while exorcists (āšipu/mašmaššu) remained prominent, despite earlier distinctions in their roles and practices?	Persian court	0	History of Medicine
<urn:uuid:7b0ba721-b648-460f-8395-5ff62d4a38bc>	Given the purification platforms for Fabs and dAbs using recombinant protein L, which antibody fragment type achieves a higher total process yield while maintaining lower endotoxin content reduction, considering both the case studies described in the context of industrial biopharmaceutical manufacturing?	Fab	2	Biology
1435375094690.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00002-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/468	What is the number of digits in the smallest positive integer x such that moving its last digit to the front results in 9 times x?	44	2	mathematics
<urn:uuid:2dd560ea-2eef-4f12-a0ee-bf18be3aedff>	Which 40-year longitudinal study, initiated in 1958, demonstrated that creatively successful individuals typically have at least one significant mentor in their lives?	Torrance's 40-year longitudinal study	0	Education/Psychology
<urn:uuid:cd71ab16-2bf0-4982-8768-4e3b46fd310e>	In Sinclair Lewis' 'It Can't Happen Here,' how does Doremus Jessup's extramarital affair with Linda reflect the novel's critique of liberal complacency and intellectual disengagement in the face of rising fascism?	The affair illustrates the intellectual disengagement and personal failings of liberals, contributing to the novel's critique of complacency.	7	Literature
1461860123077.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161523-00104-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/58	Which scalability metric introduced in the 1990s allows comparing parallel algorithms for crossover points and is distinct from the isoefficiency function?	optimal effectiveness metric	0	Computer Science
1435375095677.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00177-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/293	Which player, Babe Ruth or Barry Bonds, contributed more to their team's win expectancy when adjusted for their respective eras' run environments and the relative value of home runs in those contexts?	Babe Ruth	6	sports analytics
1461864121714.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428172201-00100-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/603	Under what conditions on the nonlinear function φ and the constants α, β, γ does the energy decay of the wave equation with variable coefficients and time-varying delay become exponential?	The energy decays exponentially if φ satisfies the inequality in (13) with constants α, β and γ satisfies (4)-(8).	0	Mathematical Physics
<urn:uuid:6a55cb3e-6bf2-463b-985a-b6d62f4a6a51>	Does Henry George's Single Tax proposal, which claims to address land monopoly by shifting taxation to land values, contradict its own principles by failing to eliminate other monopolies (e.g., patents, transportation) and imposing conditions on inalienable land rights?	Yes	0	Political Philosophy
<urn:uuid:59f35b98-c625-4b00-b1b8-ce320f2e7b61>	How do the Minneapolis American Indian Cultural Corridor and the Vancouver Senakw project differ in their approaches to Indigenous land rights and urban planning, given the historical contexts of colonization and legal frameworks in the United States and Canada?	unceded	1	Urban Planning and Indigenous Studies
<urn:uuid:48c1cb59-4418-4d30-a3a1-444379c1955f>	In rural Nicaragua, where a 2006 law criminalizes abortion in all circumstances and maternal mortality rates are seven times higher than in the United States, which factor is more critical to reducing maternal deaths: legalizing abortion or implementing initiatives like PATH's education programs and the Red Nacional de Casas Maternas maternity homes? Consider the interplay of cultural norms, economic constraints, and systemic inequality.	addressing inequality	0	public health
1440645330174.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031530-00295-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/219	Analyze the interaction between applicative-order evaluation and memoization in a recursive Fibonacci function. Suppose a helper function fib-helper is memoized to store computed Fibonacci numbers. How does the number of fib-helper calls differ when the function is evaluated in applicative-order versus normal-order? Assume fib-helper has O(1) lookup after memoization.	The number of fib-helper calls is the same in both evaluation orders when memoization is used.	3	Computer Science
1435375095346.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00286-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/305	Does the computer-aided solution of the E8 Lie group problem, which involves a 500,000×500,000 matrix with complex polynomials, provide a stronger foundation for string theory as a Theory of Everything (TOE) than inductive reasoning alone, considering the challenges of verifying computational proofs?	No	4	mathematics, physics
<urn:uuid:f35041fc-cb79-498a-8b9d-041b51d123b1>	Which U.S. Supreme Court decision or legal action directly led to the replacement of the Hays Code with the MPAA film rating system in 1968, considering the chain of events that began with antitrust actions against Hollywood studios and culminated in the recognition of films as protected art under the First Amendment?	Paramount anti-trust case	0	History

1443736679281.15/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001215759-00082-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/489

Given a vertical line segment from (300,200) to (300,300) and a point (345,400), why does the Bresenham-based algorithm in the code fail to compute the correct closest point, while the vector projection method succeeds? Explain the mathematical and algorithmic reasons.

The vector projection method clamps the parameter t to the segment bounds, correctly computing (300,300) as the closest point.

3

Computer Graphics and Computational Geometry

<urn:uuid:c33aceb5-f050-4f47-a0c9-670a250458ab>

Which dietary intervention would most effectively reduce inflammation-induced cytokine signaling through the vagus nerve to mitigate dysbiosis-linked diseases like colorectal cancer and depression, considering the microbiome's role in immune modulation and neurotransmitter production?

fermented vegetables

0

biology

<urn:uuid:d95a4e4a-daad-4658-82fb-67dcc8698223>

In the aftermath of the 1848 Avenue Range Station massacre where nine to eleven Tanganekald people were killed by settlers James Brown and Eastwood, how did the legal framework of the Colony of South Australia, particularly the Aboriginal Witnesses Act of 1848, contribute to the failure of Brown's prosecution and subsequent legislative changes?

Amended Aboriginal Witnesses Act of 1849 allowing conviction on uncorroborated Aboriginal testimony

0

Legal History

<urn:uuid:f7334a12-e54b-4407-975f-501897c311a9>

In a scenario where a city resident with no stored water must choose between collecting water from a community swimming pool or a retention pond during an emergency, which source is safer to drink after applying the most effective purification methods described, considering contamination risks and required treatment steps?

community swimming pool

7

survival/emergency preparedness

1440644064517.22/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025424-00139-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/152

Given a smooth projective variety X over an algebraically closed field and a Chern character xi with Euler characteristic zero, does there exist a non-zero coherent sheaf F on X with Chern character xi such that all cohomology groups H^i(X,F) vanish? Justify using properties of moduli spaces and cohomological vanishing.

Yes

2

mathematics

1410657133417.25/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011213-00145-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/257

In granular materials under gravity, how does the abnormally weak shear modulus observed in surface wave experiments interact with the pore-pressure dynamics from dilatancy in debris-flow models to influence the stability of granular flows?

pore-pressure dynamics

3

Physics

1448398460519.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20151124205420-00204-ip-10-71-132-137.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/428

In a tridiagonal linear system solver using LU decomposition, the algorithm computes error bounds even when the matrix is nearly singular. What specific mechanism allows the solver to provide these bounds, and under what condition does the algorithm proceed despite the matrix being singular to working precision?

The solver uses iterative refinement (DGTRFS) with the original and factored matrices to compute error bounds even when RCOND < machine precision.

1

Numerical Linear Algebra

1424936462839.81/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00221-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/182

Given two distinct meeting structures for 7 segments with identical valence sets and pairings but differing characteristic polynomials of their adjacency matrices, how many unique meeting structures are counted for n=7 segments when using the determinant method as a discriminator?

369

0

mathematics

1432207928586.49/warc/CC-MAIN-20150521113208-00215-ip-10-180-206-219.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/493

How does the integration of symbolic computation in engineering education enhance the analysis of anisotropic material deformation under elastic-plastic conditions, considering both Poisson's ratio and finite element methods?

symbolic computation

7

engineering

<urn:uuid:6cab7068-4157-49f3-ab03-aac63df62a9b>

Which part-of-speech tagger configuration achieved the highest accuracy on the conll2000 corpus when considering both the order of taggers and the impact of training data similarity to the target corpus?

aubt_tagger

0

Natural Language Processing

1438042981460.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002301-00277-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/565

Compare the misuse of mathematical formalism in Samuel Huntington's political instability equation and William Dembski's design inference framework. Determine whether their approaches are fundamentally similar or different based on the criteria of definitional rigor and logical consistency.

different

3

philosophy_of_science

1443737927030.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221847-00080-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/378

In a logistic regression model analyzing the effect of a categorical variable (female) and a continuous variable (s) on a binary outcome, with an interaction term (fs) and a covariate (cv1), how does the male-female difference in predicted probabilities change as the covariate cv1 increases from 40 to 60, while holding the continuous predictor s constant at 50? Assume the model includes coefficients for f, s, fs, and cv1.

0.2

0

statistics

<urn:uuid:251f8dd6-49bf-4028-b4c9-b66c9e343ef6>

Given the conflicting census records of Thomas Brockett's birthplace (Bexley, Chichester, Camberwell, and Lambeth), the absence of Brockett family records in Chichester and Bexley, the enumerator's error in 1861, and the family's Catholic affiliations through Margaret Ryan's Irish heritage, determine the most plausible birthplace of Thomas Brockett based on the available evidence.

Camberwell

7

Genealogy

<urn:uuid:bd3d9444-d073-48e4-9de3-f90621cb40a3>

Why does the cosmic infrared background (CIRB) in the wavelength range 10–40 µm require indirect measurements via cosmic high-energy opacity instead of direct detection, while the 100–500 µm range can be directly observed through spectral windows with minimal foreground contamination?

indirect measurements via cosmic high-energy opacity

5

astrophysics

<urn:uuid:063886e8-7ff4-40a0-9364-49f1bd0e26d8>

A binary distillation column operates at 1 bar with an overall efficiency of 0.7 and an optimum reflux ratio (R0/Rmin) of 1.3 for low energy costs. If the operating pressure is increased to 6 bar, where the overall efficiency rises to 0.9 and energy costs are high, what is the new optimum reflux ratio (R0/Rmin)?

1.1

1

chemical engineering

<urn:uuid:b29cddf3-126e-4470-b298-788cd6f6e24e>

Which cover crop mulch system (mowed rye-vetch, rolled rye-vetch, or black plastic over plowed rye-vetch) provides the highest cost-effectiveness when considering both nitrogen fertility, weed suppression, and supplemental fertilizer expenses, given that vetch has a C:N ratio of 9:1, rye 40:1, and plowing-in increases nitrogen availability?

Mowed rye-vetch mulch

0

Agricultural Science

<urn:uuid:565996c1-68e5-4f21-a54b-b558802aecc8>

Given the projected 12% compound annual growth rate for hybrid electric vehicles and the necessity for cross-industry collaboration in infrastructure development, which development scenario (market-specific or new model expansion) is most likely to dominate by 2020 based on the interplay between consumer price sensitivity (≤10% premium acceptance), existing partnerships like Renault-EDF, and the absence of standardized recharging systems?

B

2

Automotive Industry

<urn:uuid:32eac805-7e44-410a-881c-c85b7b21e377>

A French national testifies in a U.S. federal court, provides a false statement under oath with intent to mislead, and later recants the statement during the same proceeding. Can they be convicted of perjury under U.S. federal law despite France’s legal system prohibiting oaths for suspects? Assume the false statement was material to the case.

NO

0

Law

<urn:uuid:f85120d9-352a-49ec-930c-4025d086a2d3>

A digitally controlled DC motor system uses an 8-bit D/A converter and an F/V converter calibrated to 3.0 V at 160 Hz. The motor's maximum speed is 4800 rpm. Why does the system achieve only 6-bit resolution for speed control before the motor reaches its maximum speed, despite the D/A converter being 8-bit?

4800

0

Electrical Engineering

<urn:uuid:e941f229-adc4-4b37-97dd-f2363bfc5872>

How do the NIST-developed crystallization prediction model for polycrystalline growth and the microfluidic device for polymer synthesis synergistically enhance material design in nanotechnology applications?

The model and device enable design of products with improved strength, durability, and other properties.

7

Materials Science

1440645371566.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031611-00145-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/483

Given a cubic Bézier curve with control points P₀(0,0), P₁(1,2), P₂(3,2), P₃(4,0), and a text path with a normalized x-coordinate of 0.5, calculate the final (x,y) position of a text character's point after applying arc-length parameterization and perpendicular offset. Assume the text's y-coordinate is 10, the total arc-length of the curve is 10 units, and the arc-length table for 4 divisions is [0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10].

(2, -8.5)

0

computer graphics

<urn:uuid:9bd8d2c6-ebbf-471c-89a6-ef79b8bf709d>

Did the Marconi Scandal of 1912 indirectly influence Britain's decision to enter World War I by altering David Lloyd George's political trajectory and subsequent opposition to the war, thereby affecting Prime Minister Asquith's ability to secure Liberal Party unity for the conflict?

True

0

History

<urn:uuid:757290ec-833b-4b98-b1a5-cae94b56ac29>

In the context of idolatry and spiritual governance, which false god is associated with promoting materialism and self-interest, and through what method does the true God counteract this by replacing idolatrous desires with trust and spiritual treasures via the Holy Spirit?

Mammon

7

Theology

1424936462577.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00262-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/138

Consider a bit vector A of length n partitioned into k blocks. Let Q₀ and Q_Δ represent partial sums at specific offsets within each block. Prove that the entropy difference between encoding Q₀ and Q_Δ separately versus jointly remains Ω(k) even when conditioning on an event E with probability ≥ 2^{-εk}. Determine the minimum value of ε that preserves this lower bound.

ε < 1/3

1

Theoretical Computer Science

<urn:uuid:6a2541ee-c9ba-4ad6-9daa-2cc2f2c23cdd>

In a collaborative navigation system using SIFT-based intensity image matching for coarse alignment and 3D ranging for positioning, what critical factor leads to increased positional errors when transitioning to GPS-denied environments?

the lack of tight integration between 3D ranging and IMU data

0

Engineering/Navigation

1435375094957.74/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00156-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/124

In a build system that requires tracking dependencies without evaluating the output of file reads, why does a Monad-based approach fail when conditional logic depends on the content of a file, and which abstraction (Arrows or Applicative) resolves this by enabling dependency tracking without execution of intermediate steps?

Arrows

3

Functional Programming

<urn:uuid:121e8e63-f377-4e5b-a70b-ccc330d4f466>

In the context of displacement caused by the 2011 drought in the Horn of Africa, which led to 100,000 people seeking refuge in Kenya and triggered intercommunity conflicts over resources, would the Nansen Initiative's proposed solutions align with the traditional refugee convention framework? Consider the multi-causal nature of displacement (natural disasters, conflict, resource scarcity) and the Nansen Initiative's emphasis on cooperation versus substitute international protection.

No

1

International Law and Climate Policy

1429246639482.79/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045719-00006-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/679

Which optimization technique in OpenMP for parallel prime-finding code reduces synchronization overhead the most while maintaining correctness, given that the code uses shared counters for prime classification and requires load balancing across threads?

reduction clause

2

Computer Science

<urn:uuid:cdea62cc-cee5-4ae3-bc05-8ae3a4095f87>

How did the demographic changes in Mandatory Palestine between 1922 and 1937, combined with British geopolitical strategies, lead to the shift from a one-state solution to a two-state proposal as outlined in the Peel Commission Report?

Peel Commission

6

History

1438042988840.31/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002308-00080-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/416

A method converts a simulated unbiased die with 6 sides into a bit string by comparing binary representations of R-1 and S to find the first differing bit where S has a 1 and R has a 0. What is the maximum number of unbiased bits that can be reliably extracted using this method?

2

3

Cryptography

1418802773061.155/warc/CC-MAIN-20141217075253-00062-ip-10-231-17-201.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/551

In a control affine nonlinear system, how does the boundary layer thickness in a modified trajectory tracking algorithm (Algorithm 1) interact with the observer gain parameter (γ) in a high-gain observer (Algorithm 2) to balance the trade-off between reducing chattering effects and minimizing tracking error?

\boxed{\alpha}

0

Control Systems

1427131298228.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20150323172138-00262-ip-10-168-14-71.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/449

How does the descending branch of the Rehm-Weller curve shift when comparing fluorescence quenching of 9,10-dicyanoanthracene in hexane (low polarity) versus acetonitrile (high polarity), considering the interplay between Coulomb attraction, ion recombination rates, and solvent polarity effects on the Stern-Volmer constant?

left

1

Physical Chemistry

1405997877644.62/warc/CC-MAIN-20140722025757-00162-ip-10-33-131-23.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/487

Analyze the connection between the G20 countries' total funding pledge of $1,106 billion and the 666th minute of the day (11:06) in relation to Barack Obama's gematria values. How do these elements interlink with the 1944-minute cycle derived from four clock times (5:06 AM, 11:06 AM, 5:06 PM, 11:06 PM) and the sum of his English and Hebrew gematria values?

Yes

4

Gematria and Cryptographic Analysis

<urn:uuid:bd8450e2-0a49-45b3-957b-7050fdd15efd>

Given that each magnet pair in Kedron's design generates a net yield of 0.90 inch-pounds of mechanical energy and requires 6.56 inch-pounds of work to separate, what is the minimum number of magnet pairs needed in a machine to achieve a 3:1 output-to-input ratio, assuming 30% energy loss in the machine's mechanical components?

Impossible

6

Physics

1412037663417.12/warc/CC-MAIN-20140930004103-00386-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/596

How does advanced knowledge of Group Theory, as studied by Nick Wasserman in his research on Horizon Content Knowledge, influence the teaching of combinatorial concepts in K-12 mathematics, considering his analysis of combinations in combinatorics education?

structural insights via Horizon Content Knowledge framework

6

mathematics education

<urn:uuid:ee7edb06-6ffe-4630-afe3-94403ffe66a7>

Why does the addition of a neutron pair in the Borromean nucleus 6He not increase fusion probability compared to 5He, despite the expected structural changes in neutron-rich helium isotopes near the neutron drip-line?

The Borromean structure of 6He and dominant neutron transfer dynamics suppress fusion probability compared to 5He.

2

physics

<urn:uuid:e6fa8b87-875f-4f42-87be-f988df083008>

What interdisciplinary approach combines the challenges of 3D reconstruction in building interiors (with data heterogeneity and incompleteness) and architectural geometry optimization (e.g., quadrilateral panels for cost reduction) to enable digital construction and maintenance?

deep learning-based semantization with architectural geometry optimization

0

Computer Science and Structural Engineering

1443737893676.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001221813-00139-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/480

Calculate the number of trailing zeros in the expression (100!^100) divided by the product of factorials from 0! to 99!.

1300

6

mathematics

<urn:uuid:b6ba919f-7f87-4809-8161-81b35aad2a4e>

How did the Nazis' use of tourism to promote the Volksgemeinschaft and the Protestant church's resistance to antisemitism intersect in shaping societal cohesion during the Third Reich?

The tourism industry's alignment with Nazi goals contributed to societal cohesion, while the Protestant church's resistance was limited and did not significantly challenge it.

0

History

<urn:uuid:e645f58b-738f-4fdc-8529-a339e1814740>

How does the evolution of God's communication style from first-person plural in Genesis to the use of prophets in the Prophets reflect changes in His approach to guiding the Israelites and their relationship with divine beings?

God's shift from consulting divine beings to using prophets enabled Israelite independence by fostering self-guidance through human intermediaries

0

Theology

1397609535775.35/warc/CC-MAIN-20140416005215-00147-ip-10-147-4-33.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/538

If a macro-level event like a coin toss is influenced by a universal wave function whose probability distribution follows the square of a complex amplitude (analogous to the Born rule in quantum mechanics), does this model account for the observed statistical anomalies in the experiment, such as frequent consecutive identical outcomes (e.g., six heads in a row) exceeding classical independence predictions?

Yes

2

Physics

<urn:uuid:f185614f-ae85-4cfe-b7b2-931229cee517>

Alfred Winslow Jones pioneered a market-neutral investment strategy by balancing long and short positions to hedge against market risk. Considering Warren Buffett's critique of derivatives as a systemic threat and the evolution of 'Fund of Funds' products that bundle hedge funds with low entry barriers, which statement is verifiably correct about the relationship between Jones' original strategy and modern hedge fund practices?

FALSE

2

Financial History and Investment Strategies

1440644063666.29/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827025423-00082-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/652

In quantum optics, can the natural line width of an atomic ensemble in a resonant cavity be explained by a single mode with finite spectral width, as defined by first-order coherence and indistinguishable photons, without requiring transitions to other discrete frequency modes? Consider the implications of phase-dispersion equations, spontaneous emission, and the relationship between quantum and classical mode definitions.

Yes

3

physics

1430456823285.58/warc/CC-MAIN-20150501050703-00090-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/350

Given a lossless transmission line with nonlinear resistive load characterized by V-I relation V = aI + bI³ and parameters C = 10 pF/m, L = 5 nH/m, R = 50 Ω, Z₀ = 50 Ω, and a source voltage V_s = 1 V, determine whether the operator B defined in the fixed point method is contractive in the space of continuous functions with bounded derivatives. Assume the line length is 1 m and the propagation delay T = 1 ns.

YES

0

mathematics

1410657123996.28/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011203-00254-ip-10-196-40-205.us-west-1.compute.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/2

In computational physics, when solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for Bose-Einstein condensates, which numerical method preserves the energy diminishing property of the normalized gradient flow in both linear and nonlinear cases, and outperforms Crank-Nicolson finite difference (CNFD) or forward Euler finite difference (FEFD) methods in this context?

BEFD

2

Computational Physics

1438042988308.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150728002308-00025-ip-10-236-191-2.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/75

In an AVR microcontroller operating at 16 MHz with a Timer2 prescaler of 64, the MsTimer2 library originally used normal mode and compensated for timing errors by setting TCNT2 to 6 in its ISR. However, when the serial output ISR (taking 98 CPU cycles) interrupts the Timer2 ISR (taking 38 CPU cycles), the timing deviates significantly. What is the maximum number of CPU cycles the Timer2 ISR can take before causing a timing error in this setup, assuming the compensation requires skipping exactly 6 timer ticks?

384

4

Embedded Systems

1414637900160.30/warc/CC-MAIN-20141030025820-00081-ip-10-16-133-185.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/311

A researcher analyzing risk factors for birth defects observes two binary variables (father's and mother's Spanish origin) with a Pearson correlation of 0.808, a VIF of 3.416, and a tolerance of 0.293. Given that logistic regression models often use stricter multicollinearity thresholds (VIF > 2.5 or tolerance < 0.2 as concerns), should the researcher drop one of these variables despite the VIF being below 4 and the tolerance above 0.1?

Yes

5

Statistics

1410657136181.32/warc/CC-MAIN-20140914011216-00225-ip-10-234-18-248.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/39

Which adaptive prefix coding algorithm achieves both O(1) worst-case time for encoding/decoding and an optimal encoding length of (H + 1)|s| + o(|s|) bits, outperforming prior methods like Knuth's and Vitter's adaptive Huffman coders that had Θ(H) amortized time and suboptimal redundancy?

Gagie and Nekrich (2009)

0

Computer Science

1429246654687.23/warc/CC-MAIN-20150417045734-00304-ip-10-235-10-82.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/283

A 1994-2004 federal assault weapons ban was analyzed using BATFE firearms trace data, which showed a reduction in traced 'assault weapons' from 3% to 1% of total traces. Critics argue this 66% relative decline is misleading due to statistical flaws. Evaluate whether the observed change provides valid evidence of the ban's effectiveness, considering sample bias, statistical significance thresholds, and variance in trace data.

FALSE

7

Statistics

1424936462202.69/warc/CC-MAIN-20150226074102-00287-ip-10-28-5-156.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/343

In a COMSOL 2D axial symmetry model of a thermoelectric device, how must the weak form equation for the Seebeck effect be modified to account for both the correct Jacobian and sign conventions, given that the 3D version uses dVol_htgh*(S*T)*(-Jx_emdc*test(TSx_htgh)-Jy_emdc*test(TSy_htgh)-Jz_emdc*test(TSz_htgh)) and axial symmetry requires a Jacobian of 2πr?

2πr·(S·T)·(-Jr_emdc·test(TSr_htgh)-Jz_emdc·test(TSz_htgh))

5

Physics and Computational Modeling

<urn:uuid:21779564-529f-4878-9d71-6ab22667c5a2>

Considering the medical risks associated with suborbital spaceflight and the FAA's training requirements for participants, does a prospective spaceflight participant with well-controlled hypertension and a documented history of unsafe behaviors during centrifuge testing require additional medical training beyond standard emergency procedures to ensure mission safety?

true

7

space medicine

<urn:uuid:50ce9bc0-448b-4669-8465-5eff5addad51>

In the context of ethical dilemmas where national laws conflict with divine commandments, which historical figure's approach aligns most closely with the combined principles of seeking welfare of foreign communities (Jeremiah 29:7), avoiding divisiveness (Proverbs 24:21), and using negotiation or subterfuge to uphold higher moral laws, as exemplified by Daniel's dietary compromise (Daniel 1) and the Hebrew midwives' defiance of Pharaoh (Exodus 1)?

Shiphrah and Puah

0

Religious Ethics

<urn:uuid:19846d5f-008c-4653-90dd-a5cb7e617a51>

A joint venture between two companies is ending, and they must distribute assets including intellectual property (IP). The Joint Venture Agreement (JVA) and Shareholders Agreement (SHA) are in place. What is the correct procedure for distributing the IP assets upon termination, considering both agreements and the need for an independent valuation?

The distribution of intellectual property assets upon termination is governed by the termination clauses in the Joint Venture Agreement, which must reference the specific terms of the IP transfer agreement, and may require an independent valuation if parties cannot agree on pricing.

2

Business Law

<urn:uuid:c2dcebaf-654e-4c8d-b06c-00204f6a51e2>

How does W.H. Auden's elegy for Sigmund Freud use the dichotomy between Eros (civilized love) and anarchic Aphrodite (unbridled desire) in its final stanza to reflect on the role of psychoanalysis in both individual and societal contexts, based on Freud's theories in Civilization and Its Discontents?

Eros and anarchic Aphrodite

3

Literary Analysis

<urn:uuid:43af75c9-7ff2-4283-b491-dd3212d6fe99>

In Christian theology, how does the death and resurrection of Jesus Christ simultaneously nullify the curse of death and free believers from the mastery of sin, based on the concepts that Jesus bore the curse, believers are united with His death, and the devil's power over death is destroyed?

Jesus' death and resurrection nullify the curse by bearing it and destroy the devil's power over death, freeing believers from sin's mastery through union with His death and resurrection.

7

Theology

<urn:uuid:9b52077e-629a-450a-8fda-d0a1733bc0e6>

Which technological milestone, the invention of the printing press in the 1440s or the launch of Sputnik in 1957, was more pivotal in establishing the global communication infrastructure that enabled modern globalization, considering their respective roles in overcoming prior limitations like ionosphere fading in radio networks and enabling mass information dissemination?

B

3

History and Technology

1443738009849.87/warc/CC-MAIN-20151001222009-00234-ip-10-137-6-227.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/218

In an (∞,1)-sheaf (∞,1)-topos over a site of topological spaces, consider the natural numbers object N. If N is not a discrete object, what is the implication for its cohomology with constant coefficients in a discrete space?

nontrivial cohomology

7

category theory

<urn:uuid:2d93b308-6b35-4a48-8b10-ce219428a17e>

Why do psychiatric genetic researchers continue to search for genes underlying conditions like schizophrenia and depression despite decades of non-replicated findings, while societal responses to conditions with known environmental causes (e.g., NFL concussions) focus on environmental interventions rather than genetic explanations?

Flawed assumptions about genetics and economic/political interests promoting genetic explanations

0

biology

<urn:uuid:031e0b29-29b9-430b-ab5b-da127dc181f1>

When data collected for treatment monitoring are repurposed for an evaluation without specific consent, but the data are anonymized, is a Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) review required according to the National Health and Medical Research Council guidelines?

yes

7

Ethics in Research

<urn:uuid:fb3d69c8-85b1-4946-9d69-8bd4011e2c55>

Why did Babylonian physicians (asû) disappear from historical records in the first millennium BCE while exorcists (āšipu/mašmaššu) remained prominent, despite earlier distinctions in their roles and practices?

Persian court

0

History of Medicine

<urn:uuid:7b0ba721-b648-460f-8395-5ff62d4a38bc>

Given the purification platforms for Fabs and dAbs using recombinant protein L, which antibody fragment type achieves a higher total process yield while maintaining lower endotoxin content reduction, considering both the case studies described in the context of industrial biopharmaceutical manufacturing?

Fab

2

Biology

1435375094690.4/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031814-00002-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/468

What is the number of digits in the smallest positive integer x such that moving its last digit to the front results in 9 times x?

44

2

mathematics

<urn:uuid:2dd560ea-2eef-4f12-a0ee-bf18be3aedff>

Which 40-year longitudinal study, initiated in 1958, demonstrated that creatively successful individuals typically have at least one significant mentor in their lives?

Torrance's 40-year longitudinal study

0

Education/Psychology

<urn:uuid:cd71ab16-2bf0-4982-8768-4e3b46fd310e>

In Sinclair Lewis' 'It Can't Happen Here,' how does Doremus Jessup's extramarital affair with Linda reflect the novel's critique of liberal complacency and intellectual disengagement in the face of rising fascism?

The affair illustrates the intellectual disengagement and personal failings of liberals, contributing to the novel's critique of complacency.

7

Literature

1461860123077.97/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428161523-00104-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/58

Which scalability metric introduced in the 1990s allows comparing parallel algorithms for crossover points and is distinct from the isoefficiency function?

optimal effectiveness metric

0

Computer Science

1435375095677.90/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00177-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/293

Which player, Babe Ruth or Barry Bonds, contributed more to their team's win expectancy when adjusted for their respective eras' run environments and the relative value of home runs in those contexts?

Babe Ruth

6

sports analytics

1461864121714.34/warc/CC-MAIN-20160428172201-00100-ip-10-239-7-51.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/603

Under what conditions on the nonlinear function φ and the constants α, β, γ does the energy decay of the wave equation with variable coefficients and time-varying delay become exponential?

The energy decays exponentially if φ satisfies the inequality in (13) with constants α, β and γ satisfies (4)-(8).

0

Mathematical Physics

<urn:uuid:6a55cb3e-6bf2-463b-985a-b6d62f4a6a51>

Does Henry George's Single Tax proposal, which claims to address land monopoly by shifting taxation to land values, contradict its own principles by failing to eliminate other monopolies (e.g., patents, transportation) and imposing conditions on inalienable land rights?

Yes

0

Political Philosophy

<urn:uuid:59f35b98-c625-4b00-b1b8-ce320f2e7b61>

How do the Minneapolis American Indian Cultural Corridor and the Vancouver Senakw project differ in their approaches to Indigenous land rights and urban planning, given the historical contexts of colonization and legal frameworks in the United States and Canada?

unceded

1

Urban Planning and Indigenous Studies

<urn:uuid:48c1cb59-4418-4d30-a3a1-444379c1955f>

In rural Nicaragua, where a 2006 law criminalizes abortion in all circumstances and maternal mortality rates are seven times higher than in the United States, which factor is more critical to reducing maternal deaths: legalizing abortion or implementing initiatives like PATH's education programs and the Red Nacional de Casas Maternas maternity homes? Consider the interplay of cultural norms, economic constraints, and systemic inequality.

addressing inequality

0

public health

1440645330174.85/warc/CC-MAIN-20150827031530-00295-ip-10-171-96-226.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/219

Analyze the interaction between applicative-order evaluation and memoization in a recursive Fibonacci function. Suppose a helper function fib-helper is memoized to store computed Fibonacci numbers. How does the number of fib-helper calls differ when the function is evaluated in applicative-order versus normal-order? Assume fib-helper has O(1) lookup after memoization.

The number of fib-helper calls is the same in both evaluation orders when memoization is used.

3

Computer Science

1435375095346.56/warc/CC-MAIN-20150627031815-00286-ip-10-179-60-89.ec2.internal.warc.jsonl.gz/305

Does the computer-aided solution of the E8 Lie group problem, which involves a 500,000×500,000 matrix with complex polynomials, provide a stronger foundation for string theory as a Theory of Everything (TOE) than inductive reasoning alone, considering the challenges of verifying computational proofs?

No

4

mathematics, physics

<urn:uuid:f35041fc-cb79-498a-8b9d-041b51d123b1>

Which U.S. Supreme Court decision or legal action directly led to the replacement of the Hays Code with the MPAA film rating system in 1968, considering the chain of events that began with antitrust actions against Hollywood studios and culminated in the recognition of films as protected art under the First Amendment?

Paramount anti-trust case

0

History