query stringlengths 71 141 | doc_id stringlengths 42 127 | page_num int64 1 13 | expected_answer stringlengths 9 155 | notes stringlengths 15 50 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
What two daily doses of Zembrin were evaluated in the randomized placebo-controlled trial in healthy adults? | 2013 - Gericke - A Randomized Double-Blind Parallel-Group Placebo-Controlled Trial of Extract Sceletium tortuosum Zem | 1 | 8 mg and 25 mg once daily. | Objectives section lists the two doses. |
In the psychological stress rat model, what doses of Sceletium tortuosum extract were administered to male Wistar rats? | 2011 - Smith - The effects of Sceletium tortuosum in an in vivo model of psychological stress | 1 | 5 or 20 mg/kg/day. | Materials and methods block. |
According to the chemotypic variation study, what are the main active compounds responsible for Sceletium tortuosum's therapeutic properties? | 2012 - Shikanga - The chemotypic variation of Sceletium tortuosum alkaloids and commercial product formulations | 1 | Mesembrine-type alkaloids. | Introductory statement on p1. |
Which enzyme inhibition is reported for Sceletium tortuosum extract in the permeation study? | 2011 - Shikanga - In Vitro Permeation of Mesembrine Alkaloids from Sceletium tortuosum across Porcine Buccal Sublingua | 1 | Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibition. | Mentions PDE4 inhibition and mesembrenone potency. |
What are the common names of Sceletium tortuosum in Nama and Afrikaans? | 2011 - Harvey - Pharmacological actions of the South African medicinal and functional food plant Sceletium tortuosum | 1 | kanna (Nama) and kougoed (Afrikaans). | Common names listed on p1. |
Which plant family does Sceletium tortuosum belong to in the Importance/Viability paper? | 2023 - Plant - The Importance of Sceletium tortuosum L. N.E. Brown and Its Viability as a Traditional African Medic | 2 | Mesembryanthemaceae (Aizoaceae). | Abstract line on p2. |
In Schultes' review, the narcotic called 'kanna' or 'channa' refers to which plant group? | 1970 - Schultes - The Botanical and Chemical Distribution of Hallucinogens | 13 | Mesembryanthemum (Sceletium), especially M. tortuosum. | Page 13 Mesembryanthemum entry. |
Which alkaloids are reported from Mesembryanthemum species that cause torpor in Schultes' review? | 1970 - Schultes - The Botanical and Chemical Distribution of Hallucinogens | 13 | mesembrine and mesembrenine. | Same Mesembryanthemum section. |
From which species were (-)-mesembrane and related alkaloids isolated in the Capps et al. study? | 1977 - Capps - Sceletium alkaloids Part 7 Structure and absolute stereochemistry of mesembrane | 1 | Sceletium namaquense L. Bolus. | Abstract/intro on p1. |
Zembrin is described as a dual inhibitor of which two targets in the Terburg study title? | 2013 - Terburg - Acute Effects of Sceletium tortuosum Zembrin a Dual 5-HT Reuptake and PDE4 Inhibitor in the Human Am | 1 | 5-HT reuptake and PDE4. | Title line on p1. |
What model organism is specified in the title/keywords of the Maphanga study on Mesembryanthemum tortuosum alkaloids? | 2022 - Maphanga - Mesembryanthemum tortuosum L. alkaloids modify anxiety-like behaviour in a zebrafish model | 1 | zebrafish larvae. | Title and keywords on p1. |
According to the 2025 Harvey paper, what two effects are reported for Sceletium tortuosum? | 2025 - Harvey - Neuro-Inflammatory and Behavioral Changes Are Selectively Reversed by Sceletium tortuosum Zembrin an | 1 | antidepressant and anxiolytic effects. | Mechanism statement on p1. |
In the Gericke 2013 trial, how many subjects received 8 mg, 25 mg, and placebo? | 2013 - Gericke - A Randomized Double-Blind Parallel-Group Placebo-Controlled Trial of Extract Sceletium tortuosum Zem | 1 | 12, 12, and 13 subjects. | Intervention block on p1 lists subject counts. |
In the Gericke 2013 trial, how long were participants treated once daily? | 2013 - Gericke - A Randomized Double-Blind Parallel-Group Placebo-Controlled Trial of Extract Sceletium tortuosum Zem | 1 | 3 months. | Intervention block on p1. |
In the Smith 2011 stress model, how long was the restraint stress and for how many days? | 2011 - Smith - The effects of Sceletium tortuosum in an in vivo model of psychological stress | 1 | 1 hour for the last 3 days of treatment. | Materials and methods block on p1. |
Which mesembrine alkaloid was most potent for PDE4 inhibitory activity in the permeation study? | 2011 - Shikanga - In Vitro Permeation of Mesembrine Alkaloids from Sceletium tortuosum across Porcine Buccal Sublingua | 1 | mesembrenone. | PDE4 inhibition sentence on p1. |
According to the Terburg study, which groups traditionally used Sceletium as a masticatory and medicine? | 2013 - Terburg - Acute Effects of Sceletium tortuosum Zembrin a Dual 5-HT Reuptake and PDE4 Inhibitor in the Human Am | 1 | San and Khoikhoi people. | Traditional use statement on p1. |
Where is Sceletium tortuosum indigenous and especially used by local people in the Plant 2023 paper? | 2023 - Plant - The Importance of Sceletium tortuosum L. N.E. Brown and Its Viability as a Traditional African Medic | 2 | South Africa, especially Namaqualand. | Abstract/intro on p2. |
In the Maphanga zebrafish study, what behaviors were assessed for anxiolytic-like effects? | 2022 - Maphanga - Mesembryanthemum tortuosum L. alkaloids modify anxiety-like behaviour in a zebrafish model | 1 | thigmotaxis and locomotor activity. | Aim of the study on p1. |
What is the stated reason for the rise in commercial production and trade of Sceletium tortuosum? | 2012 - Shikanga - The chemotypic variation of Sceletium tortuosum alkaloids and commercial product formulations | 1 | increased consumer demand. | Opening sentence on p1. |
According to De Smet (2003), which alkaloids are reported in Mesembryanthemum species and what is noted about hallucinogenic properties? | 2003 - Smet - Some ethnopharmacological notes on African hallucinogens | 2 | mesembrine and mesembrenine; no convincing data that these alkaloids have hallucinogenic properties. | Statement in body text on p2. |
In Gericke's 2008 review, what uses are listed for Sceletium as a traditional masticatory? | 2008 - Gericke - Sceletium a review update | 2 | used as a masticatory and for relief of thirst and hunger, to combat fatigue, as medicines, and for social and spiritual purposes. | Use list on p2. |
In the Terburg 2013 study, what did each active capsule contain and what dry plant equivalent was stated? | 2013 - Terburg - Acute Effects of Sceletium tortuosum Zembrin a Dual 5-HT Reuptake and PDE4 Inhibitor in the Human Am | 2 | 25 mg Zembrin, equivalent to 50 mg dry raw above-ground S. tortuosum plant material. | Capsule description on p2. |
The 2022 network pharmacology paper explores therapeutic potential for treatment of what disorders? | 2022 - Jun - A network pharmacology-based approach to explore the therapeutic potential of Sceletium tortuosum in | 1 | neurodegenerative disorders. | Title line on p1. |
In Gericke 2023 zebrafish LDTT results, which concentration was toxic and which was most effective anxiolytic-like? | 2023 - Gericke - Sceletium tortuosum -derived mesembrine significantly contributes to the anxiolytic effect of Zembri | 1 | 500 ug/mL was toxic; 12.5 ug/mL was most effective. | Results block on p1. |
In Kaschula 2025, from which two geographic locations were the S. tortuosum chemotypes collected? | 2025 - Kaschula - Differential impact of extracts from distinct Sceletium tortuosum chemotypes on central neurotransmi | 1 | Touwsrivier and De Rust (South Africa). | Aim statement on p1. |
In Stafford 2024, what diagnostic feature of the genus is noted when leaves dry? | 2024 - Stafford - Skeletons in the closet Using a bibliometric lens to visualise phytochemical and pharmacological act | 3 | skeletonised veins apparent when leaves dry. | Morphology description on p3. |
Which four benefit-sharing cases from South Africa are reviewed in the Wynberg 2023 biopiracy paper? | 2023 - Wynberg - Biopiracy Crying wolf or a lever for equity and conservation | 2 | Hoodia gordonii, Aspalathus linearis (rooibos), Sceletium tortuosum (kougoed), and Pelargonium sidoides. | Case list on p2. |
According to the Patnala 2010 HPLC study abstract, what type of alkaloids are reported in Sceletium species? | 2010 - Patnala - HPLC Analysis of Mesembrine-Type Alkaloids in Sceletium Plant Material Used as An African Traditional Medicine | 1 | mesembrine-type alkaloids. | Abstract purpose on p1. |
According to Van Wyk 2008, what are the three best-known masticatories? | 2008 - Wyk - A review of Khoi-San and Cape Dutch medical ethnobotany | 3 | kanna or kougoed (Mesembryanthemum tortuosum and related species), bojesmansthee [Catha edulis], and ghaap (Hoodia species and other succulent stapeliads). | Masticatory list on p3. |
YAML Metadata Warning: The task_categories "retrieval-augmented-generation" is not in the official list: text-classification, token-classification, table-question-answering, question-answering, zero-shot-classification, translation, summarization, feature-extraction, text-generation, fill-mask, sentence-similarity, text-to-speech, text-to-audio, automatic-speech-recognition, audio-to-audio, audio-classification, audio-text-to-text, voice-activity-detection, depth-estimation, image-classification, object-detection, image-segmentation, text-to-image, image-to-text, image-to-image, image-to-video, unconditional-image-generation, video-classification, reinforcement-learning, robotics, tabular-classification, tabular-regression, tabular-to-text, table-to-text, multiple-choice, text-ranking, text-retrieval, time-series-forecasting, text-to-video, image-text-to-text, image-text-to-image, image-text-to-video, visual-question-answering, document-question-answering, zero-shot-image-classification, graph-ml, mask-generation, zero-shot-object-detection, text-to-3d, image-to-3d, image-feature-extraction, video-text-to-text, keypoint-detection, visual-document-retrieval, any-to-any, video-to-video, other
Kanna RAG Gold Standard Dataset
This dataset contains 30 expert-curated Question-Answer pairs focused on the ethnopharmacology of Sceletium tortuosum (Kanna). It serves as the "Gold Standard" evaluation set for the LAYRA (Large Academic Visual RAG Agent) thesis project.
Dataset Structure
- query: The scientific question.
- doc_id: The unique identifier of the source document (PDF).
- page_num: The specific page number where the answer is found (critical for Visual RAG).
- expected_answer: The ground truth answer.
- notes: Contextual notes or retrieval clues.
Benchmarks (LAYRA v2)
This dataset was used to evaluate the LAYRA v2 system (ColQwen 2.5 + Hybrid Search + LLM Reranking).
- Recall@20: 1.0
- MRR@20: 0.7403
- Latency (P50): 1.2s
Usage
from datasets import load_dataset
dataset = load_dataset("SAINTHALF/kanna-rag-gold-standard")
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