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エクラ, Kiran, 艾克拉, Summoner (召喚師), Master Summoner, Commander
The Summoner is a protagonist in Fire Emblem Heroes. Similar to the Tactician from Fire Emblem: The Blazing Blade, the Summoner is a silent character who represents the player and is thus responsible for the army's strategy, but does not directly participate in battle.
(Source: Fire Emblem Wikia)
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dclm_baseline
| 1,815,494
|
Computer Ports of Ultima II
From Ultima Codex
Jump to: navigation, search
Ultima II was the first game of the series to be ported to different systems at the original time of its release (Ultima I was only ported in the re-release). The various ports are very interesting since, unlike the later games, the ports of Ultima II vary greatly in their presentation of the graphics, with two of them being VERY different from the rest.
The 8-Bit Ports[edit]
The Apple II Original[edit]
Apple II title screen
Apple II in-game
The original game, on which all the other ports are based.
In the year 1982, the platform of the Apple II was quite powerful, compared to other computers of that time. Graphically, the game looks very similar to Ultima I, with only marginal improvements. However, the programming is much more streamlined compared to the first game and the code, being written in Assembly language instead of interpreted BASIC, is at least an order of magnitude faster. It also has an extra animation at the beginning that the other ports lack, where the dragon head appears, and then makes the "Ultima II" title appear in a fire cloud.
Like the first part, the weakness of the graphics are the strange colors, which is especially noticeable in purple brick floors and multi-colored mountains. The game also has various glitches, like the dreaded numbers roll-over, which can make playing very difficult. Especially crippling is, that the "Strength" stat can never be raised du to one bug, making fights much harder than originally intended. It also makes the game unwinnable with certain charater combinations with too low strength to wear the correct armour for space flight.
A little-known, slightly updated Apple II version was made available in the Ultima Trilogy I II III compilation, distinguished by blue borders around the gameplay/status boxes, a custom text font (that also included lowercase letters) and support for the up and down arrow keys of the Apple IIe and later systems. Only the Apple version of the Trilogy received this update; the Commodore 64 and IBM PC versions contained the original Ultima II for their respective platforms. The Apple update of Ultima II is notable for being the final Origin product to be written for the computer platform where Ultima itself was born.
The game was released on two 5.25" floppy disks.
The C64-Port[edit]
C64 title screen
C64 in-game
The port for the C64 -- made by someone called "Bobbit" -- is very surprising, since it looks quite different from the other 1982 ports.
In the Apple II, IBM, and Atari 800 versions, each of the map tiles is drawn with a black background, making everything look really dark, and there is only sporadic use of color. The C64 port gives an appropriately-colored background to the various tiles (green for grassland, blue for water). The character sprites are in color as well, albeit only a single one for each, and the screen background is dark grey instead of black. However, there are still some strange color choices, such as purple mountains and blue swampland. The port also still has the problem that all of the versions of Ultima II have - the dreaded rolling-over of stats beyond 99 and gold and hitpoints beyond 9999.
This is the only 1982 port of Ultima II to not feature the graphical title screen (the one with the dragon on it); it is replaced by a text-only title card with a color-cycling effect. Technical limitations can't be the reason, as the C64 was a powerful machine in its time, so the issue remains a mystery. Curiously, the title screen in the C64 Ultima Trilogy I II III re-release proclaims the game is presented by "Sierra On-Line and Lord British," while the Apple II and IBM versions of the Trilogy deleted all references to Sierra.
The game was retailed on two 5.25" floppy disks, with the three sides being:
• Disk 1 Side A: Program Master - Start disk and Data for Earth in its various time zones
• Disk 1 Side B: Player Master - Master for the Player Disk, This one HAD to be copied and then only the copy HAD to be used. For each new character, a new copy was needed
• Disk 2, Side A: Galactic Disk - All data for the verious planets outside of Earth
The Atari 8-bit Port[edit]
Atari 800 title screen
UltimaII Atari8bit.png
This port -- made by Chuckles -- was ported from the Apple II version. The 320x192 graphics mode of the Atari 8bit made porting of the Apple's graphics fairly straight forward. This however required the use of 'artifcating' to produce the blue/brown colors for the water/trees. Creative mixing allowed the mountains to retain the purple color used by the Apple as well. As Atari updated their computers the 'artifacting' colors shifted, so if played on an XL/XE series the colors will appear purple/green vs blue/brown. Later versions of Ultima could determine and adjust but Ultima II did not.
Since artifacting is tied to the NTSC television system on the Atari 8-bit and does not occur on PAL (European) Ataris, the game will appear black-and-white on those.
The Atari computers series had much better sound capabilities, however Origin decided to port over the 'speaker' sounds from the Apple II version.
The 16-Bit Ports[edit]
The IBM-PC Port[edit]
IBM-PC title screen
IBM-PC in-game
The IBM-PC port uses the maximum available to a PC of 1982, which wasn't much back then.
The graphics are shown in four-color CGA mode. The fact is, that the game was designed to be played with a CGA composite monitor, which would turn the four colors into something better (the bricks would be red and the water blue). However, the rise of the EGA standard effectively killed composite monitors and few remembered this fact after a while. Thus the game was only remembered as being in standard CGA.
Beside the roll-over of stats of all ports, the port has some other problems as well. It has no frame limiter, meaning that it is unplayable on faster machines unless a slowdown utility or DOSBox are used. It also is badly programmed, which can cause a divide-by-zero error, hanging the game.
The game was originally released on three 5.25" floppy disks. That caused problems later, as some files on the various disks used identical names while the content of those files was not identical. When the CD-edition was made, this fact was obviously overlooked and the files from the galactic disk were overwritten with the equally named (but different) files from the player master disk, breaking the game. The problem couldn't be avoided with sub-directories, since the game predated them by some years.
However, the Ultima II Upgrade Patch fixes all of the above problems, while lifting the game to 16-color EGA graphics.
The Atari ST Port[edit]
Atari ST - In a city
Atari ST - In the wilderness
This port, which came out in 1985, looks very different from the others. It also plays different.
Robert Eric Heitman, the author of this port, wired the game directly into the GEM interface of the Atari ST, which enables the player to control everything with the mouse. Therefore, the game has the most comfortable controls of all the ports. The inventory is also always visible, meaning that thefts of items by thieves are obvious right away, saving the player some grief, since a save after a theft of an important item without noticing was quite annoying. The name of the town or time perior, once learned, is also always displayed, another comfort missing from other ports. As a trade-off, the viewing windows shows less than in other ports.
However, there is more. In this port, all the black seen in the original is replaced with white, making everything appear much brighter. This can look quite interesting when a spell is cast, since the effect now turns everything dark instead of bright. Also there is much more color, although some of it looks strange, like pink-colored mountains. It is undoubtedly the most advanced port of the original releases.
The port was released on a single 3.5" floppy disk.
The Macintosh Port[edit]
Macintosh - Title
Macintosh - In the wilderness
This port from 1985 looks similar to the port for the Atari ST, but there are key differences.
Like with the Atari ST, this version takes advantage of the Macintosh interface, and thus provides mouse support and has the presence of status windows. Due to the higher resolution, all the player information is visible all the time. This version does away with all keyboard commands, everything is done with the mouse. The Macintosh port was created from original code and possesses none of the original. The graphics in this port are monochrome, unlike the enhanced colours of the original, which was a deficiency of the Macintosh at the time. The game does take advantage of the Macintosh computer's high resolution mode, which however did not result in the player seeing more of their surroundings due to the various status windows. The title screen is not that of the original, but a simple text graphic with a gradient effect.
The port was released on a single 3.5" floppy disk. Additionally, a 'Disk Cloning Guide' was packaged together with the game.
Japanese-only Ports[edit]
PC-8801 Port[edit]
Title screen PC-88 Pony Canyon
In-game screenshot PC-88 Pony Canyon
In 1985, Star Craft released Ultima II for the PC8801 series of computers, created by Thinking Rabbit for the PC-8801 operating system in Japan. Unlike the Pony Canyon port that came four years later, this is a straight port of the Apple II.
Four years later another port of Ultima II was released in Japan in 1989, and was re-released in 1998 as a part of the Japanese version of the Ultima Collection. The original translation was done by Miyo-C/Desktop Inc., and was released by PonyCanyon Inc.
Gameplay is similar to the PC version of Ultima II, but features improved tile graphics and dungeon graphics. This version does not include the improved music and introduction sequences of the Japanese FM-Towns version featured below.
PC-9801 Port[edit]
Copyright screen PC-98 Pony Canyon
Title Screen PC-98 Pony Canyon
In 1985, Star Craft also released Ultima II for the PC-9801 series of computers, created by Thinking Rabbit for the PC-9801 operating system in Japan. Just like the PC-88 Star Craft version it is straight port of the Apple II.
MSX2 Port[edit]
Copyright Screen MSX2
Title screen MSX2
In 1988, Pony Canyon released Ultima II for the MSX2, who same as the Pony Canyon releases on the PC-88 and the PC-98, like the Ultima I version, use a completely new, brightly-colored and anime-ish tileset and original music score.
The FM-Towns Port[edit]
Title screen FM-Towns
An upgraded port of Ultima II was made as part of the FM-Towns Ultima Trilogy I II III compilation, and released by Fujitsu in 1990. It offers completely redrawn graphics, with a new tile set that was also used for the FM-Towns version of Ultima I and Ultima III.
In addition, it also offers newly composed music, thus making it the only version of Ultima II with music. As the graphics, this music was also used for the other two titles of the compilation. Like most FM-Town ports, it is also offers a new high-resolution introduction the player can watch outside the game, but unlike the game it has no English translation and can only be watched in Japanese.
One interesting difference to the other ports is that Tri-Lithium can now only be found in dungeons, and not won from slain enemies. This makes dungeon exploration a requirement for winning the game, whereas it was only a pointless diversion in the other versions. Another modification is that one set of Blue Tassles, necessary for commandeering a frigate, disappears from the Stranger's inventory every time a boat is boarded, making strategic use of the time doors a more prominent part of gameplay.
The game was only released in Japan as part of a compilation, for a computer platform only available in Japan. In other markets, it is nearly completely unknown.
The Apple IIGS Port[edit]
Rebecca Heineman and Brutal Deluxe Software was working in the earlier years of 2011 on a new Apple IIGS port of Ultima II, based on the code of the Apple IIGS Ultima I. Unfortunately, this version was for 50% completed before being cancelled due to the market died and the steep licensing fees from current copyright holders Electronic Arts.
The port would have been released on two disks. There was also plans to make Ultima III for the Apple IIGS as well.
External Links[edit]
Computer Ports
Games Ultima I Ultima II Ultima III Ultima IV Ultima V Ultima VI Savage Empire
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dclm_baseline
| 433,191
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The International Handbook of Social Impact Assessment
The International Handbook of Social Impact Assessment
Conceptual and Methodological Advances
Elgar original reference
Edited by Henk A. Becker and Frank Vanclay
Chapter 1: Conceptual and Methodological Advances in Social Impact Assessment
Frank Vanclay
Subjects: economics and finance, valuation, environment, environmental sociology, research methods in the environment, valuation, politics and public policy, public policy, social policy and sociology, research methods in social policy, sociology and sociological theory
Frank Vanclay Advancing the definition of SIA Social impact assessment (SIA) arguably originated, as a specific concept at least, with the 1969 National Environmental Policy Act of the USA (NEPA) (see Interorganizational Committee, 1994). However, in more general terms, predicting and assessing the consequences of change on society has been part of the political landscape since the Oracle at Delphi (Becker, 1997), and has been of interest to anthropology and sociology since their inception. Today, the objective of SIA is to ensure that the developments (or planned interventions) that do occur maximize the benefits and minimize the costs of those developments, especially those costs borne by the community. Too often, these costs (externalities) are not adequately taken into account by decision makers, regulatory authorities and developers, partly because they are not easily identifiable, quantifiable and measurable. By identifying impacts in advance, better decisions can be made about which interventions should proceed and how they should proceed. Mitigation measures can be implemented, and redesign can occur, to minimize the harm and maximize the benefits. By promoting participatory processes, better consideration can be given to what appropriate development for a community may be. Early definitions of SIA tended to see it as being inherently linked to a regulatory context. For example, basing their definition on that of the Interorganizational Committee on Guidelines and Principles for SIA (1994), which was specifically steeped in the language of NEPA, Burdge and Vanclay (1995: 32) considered that:...
Further information
|
dclm_baseline
| 1,173,239
|
Chinese horoscope and feng shui advice
4 pillars Chinese horoscope element feng shui directions chinese astrology for 2005 Chinese astrology year of the dragon feng shui ba gua zi wei dou shu astrology feng shui fate Chinese astrology 2005 ba zi history Chinese horoscope year of the horse feng shui items feng shui courses ba zi history 4 pillars horoscope Chinese horoscope fate feng shui prediction chinese astrology Chinese astrology news chinese horoscope master feng shui architecture year of the goat Chinese horoscope feng shui goldfish feng shui remedies chinese astrology element practical feng shui chinese astrology signs
4 pillars news 4 pillars online Chinese astrology year of tiger feng shui candle zi wei dou shu news feng shui interior Chinese astrology consultation bazi history Chinese new year horoscope feng shui mirror feng shui crystals bazi 2005 feng shui association Chinese horoscope goat feng shui for love ba zi feng shui prediction Chinese astrology ram compatibility Chinese astrology simple feng shui chinese zi wei dou shu history feng shui expert chinese zi wei dou shu service feng shui tips for home compass feng shui
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dclm_baseline
| 4,470,424
|
0.00 %
Change 24h
Market Cap
$ 0
Volume 24h
$ 0.5300
Total Supply
The goal of Leafcoin is to make the world a better place. Currently more than 80,000 est. acres of rainforest are destroyed daily this is about 60,500 american football fields. Imagine that. These forests are the lungs of our world and we owe it to our future generation and the species living in the rainforest to preserve it. We will sponsor re-forrestation of the rainforest by a yet to be developed foundation. Preferably we will use trusted partners, selected by the community, to assist us. Also, generating cryptocurrency, as we all know, causes a lot of pollution because it uses quite dramatic amounts of electricity. CO2 is pumped into the air daily because we are all mining cryptocurrencies. By giving back to nature, esp. the rainforests, we hope to partially level that out. Currently we are in the process of building a foundation where crypto-users can donate cryptocurrency, not limited to leaf, however leaf 'fourleaf' will be its leading symbol.
Lider Token Project
We Use Cookies
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dclm_baseline
| 393,292
|
CampBlood Reviews: Senseless Rants from a Picky Sissy
Marronnier Hideyuki Kobayashi 2003
And You Thought Furbies Were Evil
Even as I write this I realize that there is a damn good chance that this film will never see even a limited release, so my thoughts may fall on deaf ears (even more so than usual, that is). But if you happen to live in a city that has a film festival that might have even the slightest chance of programming a gory Japanese karaoke video horror comedy about dolls and dental hygeine, do please check the program, and see if this bizarre little film appears on it.
Despite being frightfully low-budget, at times incomprehensible, and sometimes atrociously acted and shot, Marronnier managed to win me over completely for the following reason: this film is a pure and unsullied product of a "touched" mind. I can't think of another film that has been so naturally strange and effortlessly quirky, and I can only imagine that as writer, director, puppeteer, cinematographer, and editor, Hideyuki Kubayashi is wholly responsible for the enjoyable train-wreck that was on screen. Is the film good? Not by conventional standards, no. Is it entertaining? Hell yes -- even though it seems to last about 30 minutes longer than it actually does, it has some very creepy moments and, more than that, some of the funniest physical comedy I've seen all year. But beyond that, you really get the sense when walking out of the theatre that you have been given a brief glimpse into the mind of another human being, and that sensation can be very thrilling. Now, the question of whether or not having a direct window into this particular mind is a good thing or not is another discussion. I'll say that the inner sanctum of Kobayashi's mind is a dark and crowded place, but also one of joy and color -- much like his strange little film. And considering how generic and processed most more "narrative" horror films are these days, I'll say that leaving your own sense of logic and taste behind to see the world through this odd man's eyes is worth the price of admission.
The rough story goes like this: Marino is a teenage girl (apparently) who has a deep affection for her dolls, in particular her Marronnier doll, a beautiful porcelain girl who costs thousands of dollars. Her brother is a puppeteer, and she and her best friend do normal teen-girl stuff like hang out at the mall and go to karaoke with strange guys. That is, until her stalker Numai (whom she had thought dead or missing) reappears, apparently having perfected a method of transforming humans into wax marionettes using pond water, which he proceeds to do with all of Marino's pals. In a sequence of events that is best described as "karaoke video meets Audition", a teen girl gets abducted and beheaded in the back of a van with a razor wire, a would-be rapist gets strung up like a puppet in an alleyway, and a kind wedding dress maker gets transformed into a chomping marionette monster, all set to insanely sugary Japanese pop music and cut with a food processor equipped with video transitions and fog filters. And this is before the movie even kicks into gear. More people get abducted by the evil Numai, who has kidnapped Marronnier's creator and forces him to make these evil dolls against his will, and eventually the action moves to the madman's countryside mansion, which boasts an underground maze and more white tulle than a Stevie Nicks video. Evil puppets start to come to life, and all hell breaks loose. And as someone who has followed the Japanese horror movement pretty closely in the past few years, I can tell you -- the only thing weirder than a scary little Japanese girl in a white dress is a scary little Japanese girl in a white dress who is made of wax.
The film is quite creepy at times (mostly due to the puppets and the bizarre editing), but it is also very, very funny -- mostly because it acknowledges the trend of "scary little Japanese girls in white dresses" and plays with it, substituting real girls with puppets. I won't even get into how this comments on the way traditional Japanese culture views its women... but any film that ends with the killer chasing his intended around in a room filled waist-high with white wedding dresses (which get pretty bloody by the end) obviously has a sense of humor about itself -- and this combined with some hysterically funny killer puppet sequences (the chase scene in the maze had me almost gasping) makes the last half of the film worth the wait. There's also the aforementioned dental hygeine content (there's a scene that's basically an instructional video on how to brush your teeth properly, which is echoed later on when someone brushes his mouth bloody), some children's puppet theatre, and a samurai fight to keep things interesting (any fight that culminates in the leading lady getting knocked down an enormous hill in a wedding dress is crackerjack cinema in my book).
I should also mention that the film also boasts a surprising and well-handled lesbian love story: Marino's best friend, Mitsuba (the elfin and very funny Misao Inagaki, who is in real life a comics artist) is quietly in love with her, a secret that she unfortunately never has the chance to share but that makes the relationship between the girls much more interesting than it would otherwise have been. Mitsuba's love leads her to protect her "final girl" to the end, which isn't something we usually see; usually if anyone comes to help the final girl out, it's her boyfriend, not her plucky best pal. The dynamic between the two is truly very touching at times, and makes it all the harder when things don't end up the way they should for the gals. The lesbian character is treated with respect and the crush is not used to shock or titillate -- it's just what's there.
I'll also mention that at the screening I attended of Marronnier (at the ever-excellent New York Asian Film Festival, hosted by Subway Cinema), director Kobayashi was there for Q&A, which he conducted with the help of an interpreter and a Godzilla puppet, which was dressed as a New York Yankee (complete with a miniature baseball bat slung over his shoulder). Friendly, boyish, and very excited with the (unexpected) warm reaction that the film received, Kobayashi's words drove home what the film had already led me to believe: this strange world of puppets, dolls, monsters, and music is one that Kobayashi understands and thrives in. And it's one that I'm glad I had a chance to experience first-hand.
Rating (out of 5):
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dclm_baseline
| 4,720,153
|
Measure of intermittency/continuousness of a signal
I have three signals (below) each having the same standard deviation, however, are clearly very different temporally.
Is there some such metric that could be calculated for each of these signals to give an indication of how they vary over time, such as a measure of continuousness or intermittency if such a metric exists.
If possible, I would like to do this by calculating a single number for each of these signals, rather than windowing into smaller chunks.
signal-analysis algorithms statistics
CatsLoveJazzCatsLoveJazz
Any metric measuring the relative importance of high-frequency content vs low-frequency content will be correlated with the amount of abrupt changes in the signal.
You can try spectral roll-off (the frequency under which x% of the energy is concentrated) or spectral centroid.
pichenettespichenettes
I can't come up with any known standard measure, and it all depends on what you exactly need, but one simple measure could be computed like this:
$$M=\sum_{n=0}^{N-1}|x_{n+1}-x_n|$$
where $x_n$ is the signal of length $N$. With this measure, the top two functions would be rated similarly (one big change is similar to lots of small changes), and the bottom function would get a considerably larger value (because of its many large changes).
Matt L.Matt L.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged signal-analysis algorithms statistics or ask your own question.
Characterizing real-time sampled signal
Calculation of the correlation of two sinusoidals
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Calculate and interpret the instantaneous frequency
Features of a non-periodic signal for comparison
How do I quantify the amount of information being lost by filtering a digital signal?
How to detect overall error between two signals and also track changes occurred
Detect valleys of a signal
Maximum of cross-correlation not moving
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math_pile
| 404,353
|
i'm still new to arduino and also to C++ and have a short question. What i want to do is to write a function (in my case to parse the query-string of an URL) to get the parameter names and values (varying number of parameters).
My function looks like the following:
String function readParams()
String params[x]; // x: number of params
// fill params[0]... params[x] with parameter names
return params;
void loop()
// do some stuff
String params[x] = readParams();
What is the correct return-type for the readParams() function in this case? And how to access the params in the main (loop) -function?
I hope the code makes it clear what i want to do.
Thanks, Marius
Some tips:
1. Don't use String.
2. Use char * and slice the string in-place.
3. Pass a pointer to an array of pointers and fill that with pointers to the portions of the string you have sliced.
4. Return the number of entries in the array you used.
I do something similar in my CLI library. I use a custom "getWord" function, but similar can be done with strtok().
You can read more about working with C strings here.
I'm inclined to agree with Majenko that you shouldn't use String in the first place, but if you want to, you can pass by reference:
const int numParams = 2;
void readParams(String (& params) [numParams])
params [0] = "foo";
params [1] = "bar";
void setup()
Serial.begin (115200);
String params [numParams];
readParams (params);
for (int i = 0; i < numParams; i++)
Serial.println (params [i]);
void loop() { }
An easier thing is to make the parameters a global variable.
• what if number of parameters is not known in the beginning ? how would you initialize numPaams then ? May 25 '20 at 12:18
• Typically you would use new and make an array of whatever it is you want to make multiple copies of. Or you could consider the STL (Standard Template Library) which supports things like vectors.
– Nick Gammon
May 26 '20 at 6:44
Your Answer
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dclm_baseline
| 4,495,274
|
Not the Army Anymore
My first day at work in the cute cafe was quite a culture shock. Things that I couldn't do in the Army, I now can in my civilian job. But there's quite a similar aspect between jobs as far as professionalism. There's a uniform/behavior code, there's high expectations of employees to exceed the standard of excellence, and there's family feel to the job.
Some of the things that I can not get over is how much the co-workers complain about working the weekends or during holidays. There really isn't a big deal because it's not like they're working 24-48 hours shifts straight in a foreign war. In the military we're trained to not expect days off during holidays, it was our duty to make sure the people were safe during the special days. I'm used working the holidays like it's a normal regular day. What some people do not understand is that they're only working 3-8 hour shifts on holidays. I don't think they'll ever realize how fortunate they are.
Speaking another language while on duty was another no-go in the military. On my first day I overheard people speaking Spanish though they were just as fluent in English. I must have seemed like an alien when I asked them if they would get in trouble for speaking Spanish while on the clock and around other non-Spanish speaking co-workers. I come to find that the manager is trying to learn Spanish thus enjoying the jibber-jabber the co-workers create in the back area of the cafe.
Some of my new co-workers go in a bit of awkward shock when they hear I got out the Army. They can't relate to me much like I can relate to them.
I gotta admit it was interesting day. Someday I'll get used to being a civilian again without having flashbacks of my former life.
For now I'm looking to continue my self therapy in my new sewing hobby.
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dclm_baseline
| 4,027,545
|
{ config, pkgs, ... }:
{
xsession = {
windowManager.bspwm = {
enable = true;
monitors = {
"eDP" = [ "I" "II" "III" "IV" "V" "VI" "VII" "VIII" "IX" "X" ];
};
settings = {
border_width = 2;
window_gap = 6;
split-ratio = 0.50;
borderless_monocle = true;
gapless_monocle = true;
focus_follows_pointer = true;
};
rules = {
"Gimp" = {
state = "floating";
follow = true;
};
"Discord" = { desktop = "^1"; };
};
};
};
}
|
common_corpus_source
| 212,378
|
{
############################################################################
# SWORD SERVER CONFIGURATION
############################################################################
# This configuration file specifies the parameters for SSS
#
# Each configuration option can be accessed as an attribute of the
# Configuration python object. e.g.
#
# Configuration().base_url
#
# You may add any other configuration options directly to this JSON file
# and they will be picked up in the same way by the Configuration object.
#
# Some core configuration options have special methods for access built into
# the Configuration object (check the docs for details)
#
# This file is JSON formatted with one extension: comments are allowed.
# Comments are must be on a line of their own, and prefixed with #. The #
# must be the first non-whitespace character on the line. The configuration
# interpreter will strip all such lines before parsing the JSON, but will
# leave blank lines in the resulting JSON so that errors may be detected
# accurately by line number.
#
# To validate an this file, run:
#
# python config.py /path/to/sss.conf.json
#
############################################################################
# The base url of the webservice where SSS is deployed
"base_url" : "http://localhost:8080/",
# if you are using Apache, you should probably use this base_url instead
# "base_url" : "http://localhost/sss/",
# The number of collections that SSS will create and give to users to deposit content into
"num_collections" : 10,
# The directory where the deposited content should be stored
"store_dir" : "./store/",
# If you are using Apache you should set the store directory in full
# The directory where incoming content will be temporarily stored
"tmp_dir" : "./tmp/",
# The chunk size used to copy file streams into and out of the temp directory
"copy_chunk_size" : 8096,
# explicitly set the sword version, so if you're testing validation of
# service documents you can "break" it.
"sword_version" : "2.0",
# user details; the user/password pair should be used for HTTP Basic Authentication, and the obo is the user
# to use for On-Behalf-Of requests. Set authenticate=False if you want to test the server without caring
# about authentication, set mediation=False if you want to test the server's errors on invalid attempts at
# mediation
"authenticate" : true,
# If you are using apache, you can turn off this authentication and leave it
# to the standard apache auth module
# "authenticate" : false,
"user" : "sword",
"password" : "sword",
"mediation" : true,
"obo" : "obo",
# What media ranges should the app:accept element in the Service Document support
"app_accept" : [ "*/*" ],
"multipart_accept" : [ "*/*" ],
"accept_nothing" : false,
# use these app_accept and multipart_accept values to create an invalid Service Document
# "app_accept" : null,
# "multipart_accept" : null,
# should we provide sub-service urls
"use_sub" : true,
# What packaging formats should the sword:acceptPackaging element in the Service Document support
"sword_accept_package" : [
"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/SimpleZip",
"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/Binary",
"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/METSDSpaceSIP"
],
# maximum upload size to be allowed, in bytes (this default is 16Mb)
"max_upload_size" : 16777216,
# used to generate errors
# "max_upload_size" : 0,
# Just omit the max_upload_size parameter if you don't want any limit
# list of package formats that SSS can provide when retrieving the Media Resource
"sword_disseminate_package" : [
"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/SimpleZip"
],
# Supported package format disseminators; for the content type (dictionary key), the associated
# class will be used to package the content for dissemination
"package_disseminators" : {
"(& (type=\"application/zip\") (packaging=\"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/SimpleZip\") )" : "sss.ingesters_disseminators.DefaultDisseminator",
"(& (type=\"application/zip\") )" : "sss.ingesters_disseminators.DefaultDisseminator",
"(& (type=\"application/atom+xml;type=feed\") )" : "sss.ingesters_disseminators.FeedDisseminator"
},
# Supported package format ingesters; for the Packaging header (dictionary key), the associated class will
# be used to unpackage deposited content
"package_ingesters" : {
"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/Binary" : "sss.ingesters_disseminators.BinaryIngester",
"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/SimpleZip" : "sss.ingesters_disseminators.SimpleZipIngester",
"http://purl.org/net/sword/package/METSDSpaceSIP" : "sss.ingesters_disseminators.METSDSpaceIngester"
},
# Ingester to use for atom entries
"entry_ingester" : "sss.ingesters_disseminators.DefaultEntryIngester",
# supply this header in the Packaging header to generate a http://purl.org/net/sword/error/ErrorContent
# sword error
"error_content_package" : "http://purl.org/net/sword/package/error",
# we can turn off updates and deletes in order to examine the behaviour of Method Not Allowed errors
"allow_update" : true,
"allow_delete" : true,
# we can turn off deposit receipts, which is allowed by the specification
"return_deposit_receipt" : true,
# The acceptable formats that the server can return the media resource in
# on request.
# This is used in Content Negotiation during GET on the EM-URI
"media_resource_formats" : [
{"content_type" : "application/zip", "packaging": "http://purl.org/net/sword/package/SimpleZip"},
{"content_type" : "application/zip"},
{"content_type" : "application/atom+xml;type=feed"},
{"content_type" : "text/html"}
],
# If no Accept parameters are given to the server on GET to the EM-URI the
# following defaults will be used to determine the response type
"media_resource_default" : {
"content_type" : "application/zip"
},
# The acceptable formats that the server can return the entry document in
# on request
# This is used in Content Negotiation during GET on the Edit-URI
"container_formats" : [
{"content_type" : "application/atom+xml;type=entry" },
{"content_type" : "application/atom+xml;type=feed" },
{"content_type" : "application/rdf+xml" }
],
# If no Accept parameters are given to the server on GET to the Edit-URI the
# following defaults will be used to determine the response type
"container_format_default" : {
"content_type" : "application/atom+xml;type=entry"
},
# Dynamically load the implementation classes for the 3 main interfaces
# In this default configuration we use the built-in SSS repository's
# implementations for everything
"sword_server" : "sss.repository.SSS",
"authenticator" : "sss.repository.SSSAuthenticator",
"webui" : "sss.repository.WebInterface"
}
|
the_stack
| 138,768
|
América Latina y el Caribe: Una región en desarrollo en transición
El mundo vive un periodo de grandes transformaciones. A diez años de la crisis
económica, la economía mundial sigue enfrentando retos estructurales que exigen nuevas
estrategias de desarrollo. La conciencia de los límites de los modelos prevalecientes en lo
social, lo ambiental y lo económico ha creado una profunda insatisfacción. Esto ha puesto
en duda el conocimiento convencional sobre el desarrollo y la cooperación internacional
para el desarrollo.
La Agenda 2030 y los ODS representan un consenso renovado sobre un nuevo modelo
de desarrollo y un importante avance político. Restablecen el carácter multidimensional
de las necesidades de desarrollo y el principio de las responsabilidades compartidas pero
diferenciadas de los países en los ámbitos ambiental, económico y social. Esta ambiciosa
agenda de desarrollo no puede llevarse a cabo de manera aislada ni con solo aumentar la
26
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
RESUMEN
ayuda financiera. Establece compromisos para toda la comunidad internacional y exige
acciones de políticas públicas a nivel nacional, regional e internacional.
La región de ALC enfrenta retos de desarrollo cambiantes y complejos que reclaman un
enfoque de desarrollo en transición (DiT). El DiT hace hincapié en la necesidad de repensar
tanto las políticas nacionales como la cooperación internacional. En última instancia,
busca ayudar a los países a convertir las mejoras en términos de ingresos en logros de
desarrollo duraderos. El grado de desarrollo de ALC presenta algunas características
que coinciden en gran medida con el enfoque DiT. Si bien estas características no son
exclusivas de la región, merecen particular atención. De hecho, son fundamentales para
definir la función de la cooperación internacional como facilitadora del desarrollo de la
región.
Los resultados macroeconómicos y socioeconómicos son síntomas de retos estructurales
en la región
Se espera que el crecimiento económico de ALC mejore, pero se mantenga relativamente
débil. Las condiciones macroeconómicas resaltan distintas “Américas Latinas”, con una
considerable heterogeneidad entre países. Estas se reflejan en las diferencias en cuanto
a exposición a impactos externos, los principales socios comerciales, la variación de
los marcos de políticas públicas y los impactos idiosincrásicos de la oferta. En 2018, a
medida que los impactos globales e idiosincrásicos afectaban la dinámica del crecimiento
económico en las principales economías de la región, la recuperación —en promedio— se
estancó (Gráfico 1, panel A). Aunque se prevé que la actividad recupere cierto impulso en
el periodo 2019-2020, el desempeño del crecimiento será moderado en comparación con
la década anterior.
El crecimiento actual y el previsto son insuficientes para cerrar la brecha de ingresos
en relación con las economías más avanzadas. Desde 2011, el crecimiento del PIB se
encuentra por debajo de lo alcanzado a mediados de la década de 2000; y la brecha con
respecto a las economías avanzadas se ha mantenido estable (Gráfico 1, panel B). En el
largo plazo, la evidencia indica que el crecimiento potencial del PIB anual (3%) será menor
que el esperado. El escaso crecimiento potencial es motivo de preocupación debido a sus
efectos macroeconómicos y sociales.
La región es vulnerable a un contexto mundial complicado. En 2018, las economías
de ALC se beneficiaron de una actividad mundial todavía sólida, pero para 2019 y
2020 se proyecta una desaceleración moderada. Tras el repunte de 2017, el comercio
mundial se desaceleró en 2018 y seguirá disminuyendo en 2019 (OCDE, 2018a; FMI, 2018).
Asimismo, se espera que los precios de los productos de las materias primas mejoren o se
mantengan estables, dejando atrás el desplome registrado entre 2014 y 2016. Las tensiones
geopolíticas impulsaron los precios del petróleo en el primer semestre de 2018. Sin
embargo, los temores de una guerra comercial y de condiciones crediticias más estrictas
en la economía china frenaron la tendencia ascendente. Además, la liquidez mundial
disminuyó en 2018. Los flujos de capital a los mercados emergentes retrocedieron, lo
que amplió los diferenciales de bonos (spreads), depreció las monedas en relación con el
dólar estadounidense y significó una caída de los valores bursátiles. Por consiguiente, el
contexto externo es volátil y podría implicar un endurecimiento financiero mundial y una
escalada de tensiones comerciales entre Estados Unidos y China que podrían descarrilar
la recuperación económica de ALC (Gráfico 1, panel A).
El crecimiento económico en ALC ha sido insuficiente y ha retrasado la reducción de la
pobreza y de la desigualdad del ingreso (Gráfico 2). La pobreza tiene una estrecha relación
con el ciclo económico en ALC. En consecuencia, la desaceleración económica implica que
los niveles de pobreza y pobreza extrema serán equiparables a los de 2016, si bien con
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
27
RESUMEN
diferencias de un país a otro. Además, si se considera el crecimiento de la población, es
probable que el número de personas que viven por debajo de la línea de pobreza y pobreza
extrema de sus respectivos países aumente aproximadamente en un millón (CEPAL,
2018a). Si bien la desigualdad de ingresos registró una disminución sin precedente entre
2002 y 2014, en 2016 (las últimas cifras disponibles), la desigualdad aumentó ligeramente
por primera vez desde 2002, con una heterogeneidad considerable entre países.
Gráfico 1. Crecimiento del PIB y brecha de ingresos en América Latina y el Caribe
A. Crecimiento del PIB en las economías latinoamericanas con escenarios
alternativos
Guerra comercial
Aumento más rápido de las tasas de interés en EUA
Nivel de referencia
%
7
6
ALC
América Central y México
Sudamérica
El Caribe
5.5
5
5
4
4.5
4
3
2
3.5
1
0
-1
-2
B. Brecha de ingresos (PIB per cápita de los países del G7
frente a los de ALC)
3
2.5
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
2
2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016
Notas: Panel A, Promedio ponderado para Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela.
Un escenario de aumento de las tasas de interés contempla un aumento adicional y acumulado de 0.25 puntos
base en las tasas de interés a corto plazo de Estados Unidos en comparación con el nivel de referencia (en el que
las tasas de interés se estancaban después de 2019). Esto implica un aumento acumulado de 200 pb para 2020
en comparación con el escenario de referencia. El escenario de guerra comercial se basa en las proyecciones de
Oxford Economics del impacto en el PIB estadounidense y chino de los aranceles comerciales sobre los USD 250 mil
millones (25% a 50 mil millones y 10% a 200 mil millones) de exportaciones chinas a Estados Unidos con una
respuesta similar de la República Popular China (de aquí en adelante “China”). Entre 2018 y 2020, el PIB bajaría
0.37 puntos base en China y 0.26 en Estados Unidos con respecto al nivel de referencia.
Fuentes: CEPAL (2018a), CEPALSTAT (base de datos); FMI (2018) y Banco Mundial (2018).
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933991907
Gráfico 2. Pobreza y desigualdad de ingresos en América Latina y el Caribe
B. Coeficiente de Gini del ingreso familiar per cápita
A. Índice de pobreza (como porcentaje de la población)
ALC
Sudamérica
ALC
Centroamérica y México
%
50
0.56
45
0.54
40
0.52
35
0.5
30
0.48
25
0.46
20
2002
2008
2012
2014
2016
2017
2018
0.44
Sudamérica
Centroamérica y México
Hacia 2002 Hacia 2008 Hacia 2012 Hacia 2014 Hacia 2016
Notas: *Las tasas de pobreza de 2018 son estimadas. Años circa para el coeficiente de GINI en el Panel B.
Fuentes: CEPAL (2018a) y CEPAL (2018b).
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933991926
28
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
RESUMEN
Mayores ingresos no son sinónimo de mayor bienestar para todos los latinoamericanos
No existe un camino universal ni único hacia el desarrollo. Los procesos de desarrollo
no están definidos por una misma sucesión de etapas con mejoras lineales del PIB per
cápita, características o políticas públicas similares. De hecho, aunque el ingreso per
cápita y el bienestar están relacionados, los resultados se desvinculan gradualmente
conforme el PIB per cápita de un país aumenta.
A medida que las economías crecen, varias dimensiones del desarrollo distintas al PIB
per cápita adquieren mayor importancia en el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida de las
personas. Tal es el caso de la mayoría de los países de ALC. Usar el ingreso promedio (por
ejemplo, el PIB o el ingreso nacional bruto [INB] per cápita) como medida del desarrollo
puede dar una idea aproximada de los retos del desarrollo. Sin embargo, no traza la ruta
que los responsables de formular políticas públicas necesitan para lograr desarrollo
sostenible, ya que puede ocultar fuertes desigualdades entre diferentes países y al interior
de un mismo país en diversos aspectos esenciales de la vida de las personas.
La región, sin duda, ha registrado avances en términos de mayor ingreso per cápita.
Sin embargo, una observación más profunda de los indicadores multidimensionales del
desarrollo arroja resultados heterogéneos. ALC tiene un desempeño superior a lo que
su PIB per cápita estima en esperanza de vida, empleo, apoyo social, calidad del aire
y satisfacción general con la vida. Además, la matrícula en escuela primaria aumentó
mucho más de lo que cabría esperar dado el nivel de ingresos de los países. Sin embargo,
la educación de calidad está rezagada. La violencia y la desigualdad de ingresos siguen
siendo relativamente altas y la informalidad sigue siendo un problema persistente. Por
otra parte, desde los años 1950 los salarios reales han aumentado de manera más lenta
que en otros países del mundo con un PIB per cápita equiparable.
Las disparidades entre países en cuanto a los resultados de bienestar a un nivel dado
del PIB per cápita son evidentes en ALC. Por ejemplo, la tasa de homicidios de El Salvador
es 17 veces mayor que la del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia (en adelante “Bolivia”),
aunque ambos países tienen economías de ingresos medios bajos (Gráfico 3). Asimismo,
hay una diferencia de casi 40 puntos porcentuales entre los países de ingresos medios
altos de ALC con el desempeño más alto y más bajo en cuanto a empleo vulnerable (49.7%
en Perú, comparado con 10.3% en Cuba). Además, hay gran heterogeneidad entre los
países de distintos niveles de ingreso. Varios resultados de desarrollo en los países de
ALC de ingresos bajos son mejores que en los de ingresos medios e incluso altos. Por
ejemplo, Trinidad y Tobago, y Uruguay, ambos países de ingresos altos, registran tasas de
homicidio mayores que Bolivia, un país de ingresos medios bajos.
Las medidas nacionales del PIB per cápita por lo general ocultan una gran diversidad
entre las regiones subnacionales, una tendencia especialmente marcada en ALC. Las
desigualdades territoriales son grandes en varias dimensiones, entre ellas, educación,
salud, seguridad de los ciudadanos, pobreza y empleo informal (Gráfico 4). Por ejemplo,
en México solo 14% de la población de Nuevo León vive por debajo de la línea de pobreza,
mientras que la tasa de pobreza en Chiapas es de 77%. En algunos países de la región, las
tasas de informalidad oscilan ampliamente, desde 8.2% en Ushuaia-Río Grande (Argentina)
hasta 91% en Huancavelica (Perú).
En línea con la Agenda 2030, se necesita una estrategia multidimensional del desarrollo
que trascienda las mediciones del ingreso como único indicador de éxito. El PIB per cápita
no es el único aspecto que determina el desarrollo. En particular, a medida que los países
crecen, los empleos de calidad, la salud, la educación, la democracia, la seguridad personal
y la desigualdad adquieren la misma o mayor importancia. Observar el desarrollo a través
de una lente multidimensional constituye una brújula muy útil para diseñar, implementar,
monitorear y evaluar las políticas públicas a fin de mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas.
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
29
RESUMEN
Para esto se necesitan datos sobre cómo se distribuyen los resultados de bienestar entre la
población y el territorio de un país, así como sobre su sostenibilidad.
Gráfico 3. Selección de indicadores de desarrollo por grupos de ingresos
nacionales
Promedio mundial
MAX LAC
A. Tasa de homicidios, 2015
por cada 100 000
habitantes
Promedio ALC
B. Índice de GINI, 2016
80
120
70
100
60
80
50
40
60
30
40
20
20
0
MIN LAC
10
Ingresos altos
Ingresos medios altos Ingresos medios bajos
0
Ingresos altos
Ingresos medios altos Ingresos medios bajos
Notas: Los promedios de ALC y mundiales por nivel de ingreso son promedios simples. Los países de ingresos
medios bajos de ALC incluyen a Bolivia, El Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua. Los países de ingresos medios altos de
ALC incluyen a Belice, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Granada, Guatemala, Guyana, Jamaica, México,
Paraguay y Perú. Los países de ingresos altos de ALC incluyen a Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Chile, Panamá,
Puerto Rico, Trinidad y Tobago y Uruguay.
Fuente: Cálculos basados en el Banco Mundial (2018).
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933991945
Gráfico 4. Desigualdades subnacionales entre indicadores de desarrollo
en países seleccionados de América Latina y el Caribe
Cada diamante representa una subregión
A. Tasa de informalidad, 2018 o último año disponible
B. Tasa de mortalidad infantil, 2017 o último año disponible
% de empleados
por cada 1 000 nacimientos vivos
100
60
90
50
80
70
40
60
30
50
40
20
30
20
10
10
0
Colombia
Perú
Brasil
México
Costa Argentina
Rica
Chile
0
Colombia
Perú
Brasil
México
Costa Argentina
Rica
Chile
Nota: Los países están ordenados por niveles de INB per cápita en valores actuales.
Fuentes: CONAPO (2018), DANE (2018), IBGE (2017), INDEC (2018; 2017), INE (2015), INEC (2016), INEI (2015).
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933991964
Los países de América Latina y el Caribe enfrentan nuevas trampas del desarrollo
a medida que avanzan en su nivel de ingresos
Después de las mejoras socioeconómicas e institucionales alcanzadas en las décadas
pasadas, los países de América Latina y el Caribe afrontan “nuevas” trampas del desarrollo
que dificultan el logro de un mayor crecimiento incluyente y sostenible (Gráfico 5). El progreso
30
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
RESUMEN
hacia niveles más altos de ingresos hace que afloren algunos retos pendientes, al tiempo que
aparecen nuevos desafíos del desarrollo. Estos retos tienen que ver, en gran medida, con
debilidades estructurales no superadas, y que se van agravando a medida que se avanza en
la senda del desarrollo, y en particular en un contexto global de grandes transformaciones.
Gráfico 5. Principales síntomas de las “nuevas” trampas de desarrollo
en América Latina y el Caribe
B. Población latinoamericana por grupo socioeconómico
(porcentaje de la población total)
A. Productividad laboral en ALC, la OCDE, China, Corea y
Noruega
(como porcentaje de la productividad laboral en la Unión Europea)
China
%
Corea
ALC
OCDE
Noruega
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Clase media (USD 13-70)
%
50
45
42.9
40
37.6
35
35.4
30
32
24.6
25
20
21.1
15
C. ¿Consideran justificable los ciudadanos el no pagar
impuestos?
Nunca justificable
Justificable
D. Crecimiento del PIB frente al aumento de emisiones de GEI
en América Latina y el Caribe (1990-2015)
Variación media anual
de las emisiones
4.5
% de la
población
70
4
3.5
60
HND
3
50
2.5
BRA
2
GTM ECU
30
1.5
PAR
20
1
40
CUB
0.5
10
0
Vulnerables (USD 5.5-13)
Pobres (menos de USD 5.5)
VEN
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
2015
2016
No disociación
TOTPAN
BOL
SLV
PER
URY
CHL
CRI
DOM
NIC ARG
Disociación relativa
COL
MEX
Disociación fuerte
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
4
4.5
3
3.5
Variación media anual del PIB
Notas: En el Panel B, las clases socioeconómicas se definen utilizando la clasificación mundial: “Pobres” = personas
con un ingreso diario per cápita de USD 5.50 o menos. “Vulnerables” = personas con un ingreso diario per cápita
de USD 5.50-13. “Clase media” = personas con un ingreso diario per cápita de USD 13-70. Las líneas de pobreza
y los ingresos se expresan en USD con PPA (paridad de poder adquisitivo) de 2011 al día. El agregado de ALC se
basa en 17 países de la región con microdatos disponibles: Argentina (urbano), Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, República
Dominicana y Uruguay (urbano). Panel C: promedio no ponderado para Argentina, Bolivia, Brasil, Chile, Colombia,
Costa Rica, República Dominicana, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Nicaragua, Panamá,
Paraguay, Perú, Uruguay y Venezuela. La pregunta específica es: “En cada uno de los siguientes enunciados, diga si
piensa que hacer trampa con los impuestos siempre es justificable, ligeramente justificable, nunca es justificable,
o algo intermedio”. Fuentes: Cálculos propios con base en The Conference Board (2018), The Conference Board Total Economy Database
para el Panel A; tabulaciones de LAC Equity Lab de SEDLAC (CEDLAS y el Banco Mundial, 2018) para el Panel B;
Latinobarómetro (2015) para el Panel C; CEPAL (2018a) para el Panel D.
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933991983
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
31
RESUMEN
Varios síntomas sugieren que factores que han venido impulsando el desarrollo ya no
son suficientes. Entre ellos destacan los niveles de productividad, que siguen estancados
o incluso han decaído; la persistente y creciente vulnerabilidad de grandes segmentos
de la población; el acceso desigual a los servicios públicos entre diferentes grupos
socioeconómicos, la insatisfacción cada vez mayor de los ciudadanos con las instituciones
públicas y el visible impacto del cambio climático.
Las mencionadas trampas del desarrollo implican una dinámica circular, que se
perpetúa a sí misma y limita la capacidad de los países de ALC para alcanzar mayores
niveles de desarrollo. En este sentido, y de acuerdo con las ideas de la economía del
desarrollo, el informe Perspectivas económicas de América Latina 2019 destaca la naturaleza
circular de estas trampas, y señala la necesidad de una mejor coordinación y/o acción
colectiva para superarlas (Myrdal, 1957; Hirschman, 1958).
Las cuatro principales “nuevas” trampas del desarrollo identificadas son las siguientes:
1. Trampa de la productividad: La persistencia de bajos niveles de productividad
en los distintos sectores de ALC son síntomas de una trampa de la productividad.
La concentración de las exportaciones en sectores primarios, extractivos y con
bajos niveles de sofisticación crean una estructura exportadora que no genera
encadenamientos con el resto de la economía doméstica, y que presenta fuertes
barreras de entrada para otros agentes económicos, dada la naturaleza capitalintensiva de este tipo de exportaciones. Esto hace que sea difícil para las mipymes,
que predominan en ALC, conectarse con los mercados internacionales, y debilita
la participación en las cadenas globales de valor (CGV). Esta pobre inserción
internacional lleva a bajos niveles de adopción de tecnología y pocos incentivos
para invertir en capacidades productivas, limitando la competitividad y haciendo
que sea aún más complejo conectarse con la economía global. Tal dinámica ha
cobrado mayor importancia ante la caída en la demanda de productos básicos
derivada de la actual etapa de “desplazamiento de la riqueza mundial”. Esta viene
caracterizada por un cambio de modelo económico en China, y por la necesidad de
encontrar nuevos motores de crecimiento en ALC para aumentar la productividad.
2. Trampa de la vulnerabilidad social: El crecimiento del ingreso, sumado a las
importantes políticas sociales implementadas desde principios del siglo, redujo
notoriamente la pobreza. Sin embargo, la mayoría de quienes escaparon de ella
forman parte de una nueva clase media vulnerable que representa el 40% de la
población. Esto genera nuevos retos, dado que ahora hay más personas afectadas
por un círculo vicioso que perpetúa su situación vulnerable. Quienes pertenecen
a este grupo socioeconómico tienen empleos de mala calidad, por lo común
informales, relacionados con una escasa protección social, así como con ingresos
bajos y a menudo inestables. Por ello, no invierten en su capital humano, o no pueden
ahorrar e invertir en una actividad empresarial. En tales condiciones, permanecen
con escasos niveles de productividad y, por ende, solo tienen acceso a empleos de
mala calidad e inestables que los mantienen vulnerables. Esta trampa afecta al
individuo, que se encuentra atrapado en una situación vulnerable, en contraste con
la trampa de la productividad, que afecta a toda la economía.
3. Trampa institucional: La expansión de la clase media en ALC ha venido
acompañada de nuevas expectativas y aspiraciones de contar con instituciones y
servicios públicos de mejor calidad. Sin embargo, las instituciones no han podido
responder con eficacia a las crecientes exigencias. Esto ha creado una trampa
institucional, a medida que la caída de la confianza y satisfacción profundizan
la falta de participación social. A los ciudadanos les parece menos importante
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comprometerse con el cumplimiento de sus obligaciones sociales, como la de
pagar impuestos. En consecuencia, merman los ingresos fiscales, lo que restringe
los recursos disponibles para que las instituciones públicas suministren bienes y
servicios de mejor calidad y respondan a las crecientes aspiraciones de la sociedad.
Esto crea un círculo vicioso que pone en peligro el contrato social en la región.
4. Trampa medioambiental: La estructura productiva de la mayoría de las economías
de ALC está sesgada hacia actividades de uso muy intensivo de recursos materiales
y naturales. Esta concentración podría llevar a estos países a una dinámica
insostenible desde las perspectivas ambiental y económica, por dos razones. Por un
lado, es difícil y costoso abandonar la concentración en una vía de desarrollo basada
en altas emisiones de carbono. Por otro, los recursos naturales en los que se basa el
modelo se van agotando con el paso del tiempo, lo que lo vuelve insostenible. Esto
también ha cobrado importancia en años recientes, al fortalecerse el compromiso
global por combatir los efectos del cambio climático.
Las políticas públicas en ALC deben orientarse a que la región supere estos círculos
viciosos y los transforme en círculos virtuosos. Para responder a estos retos cambiantes
es preciso poner en marcha un nuevo conjunto de reformas estructurales que atiendan
problemáticas cada vez más complejas. Estas nuevas reformas requieren combinaciones de
políticas públicas más sofisticadas y una mayor coordinación y coherencia entre ellas. Las
políticas públicas deberán, por ejemplo: i) ir más allá del acceso a la educación y enfocarse
en la calidad y la pertinencia de las competencias para mejorar la empleabilidad, sobre
todo en un contexto de transformación tecnológica; ii) fomentar la creación de empleos
formales y ampliar la cobertura de los sistemas de protección social en los diferentes
grupos socioeconómicos; iii) optimizar la conectividad gracias a una infraestructura
logística más compleja; y iv) mejorar la credibilidad, la apertura y la eficiencia de las
instituciones públicas, promoviendo una mayor coordinación entre los diferentes sectores
y niveles de gobierno.
Es preciso diseñar respuestas de políticas públicas para superar estas trampas de
desarrollo en ALC que tomen en cuenta las interacciones entre las mismas, ya que estas
se refuerzan mutuamente. Entender mejor los vínculos y las causalidades comunes entre
diferentes aspectos y objetivos de las políticas públicas será fundamental para desarrollar
respuestas que atiendan con eficacia estas complejas interacciones. Resulta esencial
identificar las políticas públicas que benefician a todas las partes, que promueven
sinergias y que ayudan a compensar efectos adversos. Un ejemplo de ello es el nexo entre
la productividad y la inclusión, que sugiere la existencia de numerosos vínculos entre
estos dos objetivos de política pública y llama a implementar políticas públicas capaces
de fomentar ambos a la vez (OCDE, 2018b).
Explotar oportunidades de desarrollo no aprovechadas en América Latina y el Caribe
El nuevo contexto mundial se interconecta con las estrategias nacionales y destaca la
necesidad de ampliar los conceptos de desarrollo, planificación nacional y cooperación
internacional para el desarrollo. La creciente interconexión refuerza la importancia
de incluir los bienes públicos regionales y mundiales en las estrategias nacionales de
desarrollo. En especial, formar parte de una perspectiva regional es esencial para
enfrentar retos globales, lo cual resulta fundamental para alcanzar una mayor estabilidad
económica y social mundial.
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Fortalecer las capacidades domésticas para enfrentar las trampas de desarrollo
Es necesario mejorar las capacidades nacionales para responder mejor a las trampas
de desarrollo, que demandan respuestas de política pública más sofisticadas. Ediciones
anteriores del informe Perspectivas económicas de América Latina se centraron en varios
temas de política pública que son cruciales para el desarrollo sostenible e incluyente
de la región. Algunos de ellos son la política fiscal; la migración; infraestructura y
logística; educación y competencias; integración comercial y la relación con China; la
juventud, las competencias y el emprendimiento, así como la pertinencia de replantear
las instituciones para apoyar un mayor desarrollo. En dichas ediciones se analizaron
problemas horizontales en todos los informes Perspectivas económicas de América Latina,
como la baja productividad, los mercados laborales y la persistencia de la informalidad,
así como las implicaciones socioeconómicas de una clase media en expansión.
Tomando en consideración la amplitud de los retos sectoriales y horizontales para
el desarrollo abordados en ediciones anteriores, el informe Perspectivas económicas de
América Latina 2019 se centra en fortalecer las capacidades relacionadas con dos temas
transversales, los cuales se contemplan como elementos clave para una estrategia de
desarrollo integral. En primer lugar, una mejor formulación de política pública para el desarrollo
se refiere a mejorar los procesos de planificación, ejecución y seguimiento. En última
instancia, esto conecta las políticas públicas con los objetivos de desarrollo inclusivo y
sostenible y garantiza que se cuente con competencias para resolver las complejidades
de política económica de las reformas. En ese contexto, el diseño y la puesta en marcha
de los PND, así como un mayor y mejor gasto público, son fundamentales en la agenda
de desarrollo. En segundo lugar, el financiamiento nacional para el desarrollo se refiere a
aumentar los recursos financieros disponibles para apoyar las reformas estructurales que
sean claves para superar las trampas de desarrollo. En una región en la que los ingresos
fiscales son relativamente bajos y los mercados financieros no son suficientemente
profundos e incluyentes, mejorar los mecanismos para movilizar los recursos internos
para el desarrollo será decisivo.
Mejorar el proceso de formulación de políticas públicas para el desarrollo
La planificación del desarrollo ha evolucionado de manera significativa en ALC en
años recientes, sobre todo por medio de la adopción de los planes nacionales de desarrollo
(PND). Anteriormente, la planificación tradicional se centraba casi exclusivamente en
fomentar el crecimiento económico. La planificación contemporánea impulsa una visión
más integral y multidimensional del desarrollo, con un fuerte énfasis en la igualdad,
la inclusión social y la erradicación de la pobreza. Hoy la planificación del desarrollo
identifica como sus instrumentos de política pública preferidos las regulaciones, la
inversión pública y las asociaciones público-privadas. De manera fundamental, estas
estrategias subrayan la importancia de la participación ciudadana y el empoderamiento
en la planificación (CEPAL, 2017a, 2017b: Máttar y Cuervo, 2017).
Los retos más urgentes identificados por los países de ALC en sus PND se relacionan
con las cuatro principales trampas de desarrollo. La primera prioridad es el fortalecimiento
institucional en términos de modernizar los servicios públicos, la seguridad ciudadana,
la justicia y la cooperación internacional. El segundo asunto de mayor importancia es la
productividad, que incluye la estabilidad macroeconómica, el crecimiento y el empleo, el
desarrollo de infraestructura y las inversiones en ciencia y tecnología. En tercer lugar, se
ubica la vulnerabilidad social, que incluye el desarrollo social y humano, la inclusión y la
cohesión social, la equidad, la calidad de la educación y el acceso a servicios básicos. Los
temas menos mencionados son los relacionados con el medioambiente y la adaptación y
mitigación del cambio climático (Gráfico 6).
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Gráfico 6. Intensidad de temas específicos en los planes de desarrollo
de América Latina y el Caribe
Trampa de la productividad
Trampa institucional
Trampa ambiental
Trampa de la vulnerabilidad
social
Argentina
Bolivia
Brasil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
República Dominicana
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
México
Nicaragua
Panamá
Paraguay
Perú
Notas: Los colores indican la intensidad de los temas incluidos en los objetivos estratégicos de acuerdo con los
retos del desarrollo en transición. A medida que el tono se oscurece, su prioridad dentro del plan aumenta. El
gráfico se basa en el plan de desarrollo más reciente (o su equivalente) aprobado a finales de 2018. Véanse en el
Capítulo 6 los detalles de los Pequeños Estados Caribeños.
Fuente: Elaboración propia basada en la información contenida en los planes de desarrollo.
A medida que la planificación adquiere cada vez más complejidad y carácter
participativo, los países de ALC se esfuerzan por implementar PND a largo plazo,
intersectoriales y coordinados. Estos requieren tener un amplio consenso social para
garantizar que la rotación gubernamental y los intereses políticos no pongan en riesgo
la continuidad. Sin embargo, se han identificado dos principales problemas. En primer
lugar, los países carecen de capacidad técnica para diseñar reformas y programas
planificados. En segundo lugar, los procesos de implementación carecen de suficiente
continuidad debido a los frecuentes cambios en el gobierno. Además, no hay suficientes
recursos asignados para poner en marcha los planes y la coordinación entre su diseño
y el presupuesto es limitado. Por consiguiente, se valora poco la planificación como un
instrumento para efectuar el cambio o anticipar resultados desfavorables (Stein et al.,
2005; CEPAL, 2007a; Máttar y Cuervo, 2017).
Desde una óptica de economía política, el diseño, la adopción y la implementación de
las estrategias de planificación son en gran medida resultado del proceso de formulación
de políticas públicas (PFPP), que representa un complejo conjunto de negociaciones
e intercambios entre actores políticos que tienen sus propios intereses, incentivos y
restricciones. Hay instituciones o “reglas del juego” donde tienen lugar estas interacciones.
Un contexto específico afecta esa etapa particular del ciclo de vida de la reforma de
políticas públicas. (Stein et al., 2005; Stein y Tommasi, 2006; Dayton-Johnson, Londoño y
Nieto Parra, 2011). Desde esta perspectiva, la cooperación y el consenso entre las partes
principales del PFPP son las bases para la adopción y la implementación de PND exitosos
y sostenibles.
En la mayoría de los países de ALC, los grupos empresariales han ejercido gran
influencia en el PFPP. Dichos grupos inciden en el diseño y la puesta en marcha de los PND
por medio de asociaciones formales o informales, negociación, cabildeo, nombramientos
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RESUMEN
gubernamentales, financiamiento político y, en algunos casos, corrupción (Schneider,
2010). El personal técnico y una intermediación de intereses eficaz y transparente pueden
ayudar a impedir las prácticas de colusión.
Las siguientes son algunas medidas que contribuyen al PFPP y, en particular, a
aumentar la eficacia de los PND para superar las trampas de desarrollo de la región:
• Desarrollar las capacidades de actores clave en el PFPP para elaborar planes estratégicos
a largo plazo. Dichas partes incluyen partidos políticos, así como los poderes
Ejecutivo, Legislativo y Judicial, y las autoridades subnacionales. Esto debería
lograrse mediante el fortalecimiento de las entidades públicas (por ejemplo, con
mejoras al capital humano y las competencias de los servidores públicos, procesos
regulatorios eficaces y marcos institucionales sólidos), que tradicionalmente han
facilitado la conducta colusoria y clientelista.
• Mejorar la capacidad estadística para conformar mejores PND. Si las herramientas de
medición son fallidas, la formulación de políticas se distorsionará (Stiglitz, Sen
y Fitoussi, 2009). Ir más allá de los parámetros del PIB como el único indicador
del éxito en materia de desarrollo requiere medir este desde una perspectiva
multidimensional. Eso significa incluir información sobre cómo están distribuidos
los resultados de bienestar entre la población y las áreas locales, así como
información sobre sostenibilidad. Los países de ALC deberán invertir en una mejor
recopilación de datos para medir y vigilar los aspectos multidimensionales de
mayor importancia para la región en todo su territorio y grupos de población.
• Utilizar
las tecnologías digitales para desarrollar PND más eficaces en ALC. Estas
tecnologías representan una herramienta poderosa para mejorar el empoderamiento
y la participación de los ciudadanos (incluido el gobierno abierto) en el diseño de
las estrategias de planificación. También facilitan la evaluación de impacto de los
programas y proyectos gubernamentales relacionados con la agenda de desarrollo
sostenible. Por último, las tecnologías digitales potencian las capacidades del
Estado para establecer estrategias de desarrollo congruentes y sostenibles.
• Hacia un mayor y mejor gasto público para el desarrollo de ALC. Los niveles y la
calidad del gasto en la región son insuficientes para superar las trampas de
desarrollo y lograr la Agenda 2030. La región necesita aumentar y mejorar el gasto
en componentes sociales, incluidas la salud y la educación. También se necesita
impulsar la inversión en investigación y desarrollo, y otras políticas de innovación
para reforzar la competitividad.
Ampliar el financiamiento nacional para el desarrollo
La nueva agenda de desarrollo requiere movilizar una enorme cantidad de recursos
para financiar las reformas de política a largo plazo. Varios factores de riesgo limitan
la capacidad de los países de ALC para lograr esta agenda, entre ellos la insuficiente
movilización de recursos nacionales, los relativamente bajos flujos de ayuda oficial al
desarrollo y la dificultad de canalizar los flujos privados para el desarrollo.
El nivel de los impuestos como proporción del PIB ha aumentado en años recientes.
Sin embargo, la mayoría de las economías de ALC necesitan movilizar más recursos
para poner en marcha sus planes de desarrollo y cumplir con la Agenda 2030. Pese al
aumento de cerca de dos puntos porcentuales en la última década, los ingresos fiscales
como porcentaje del PIB son, en promedio, relativamente bajos en las economías de ALC
en comparación con la OCDE. En 2016, la relación impuestos-PIB promedio en ALC fue
de 22.7%, en comparación con 34.3% de los países miembros de la OCDE (OCDE/CEPAL/
CIAT/BID, 2018) (Gráfico 7). Algunos países de ingresos medios altos de América Latina
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y el Caribe, como México, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú o República Dominicana, podrían no
tener la capacidad suficiente para cubrir sus necesidades financieras para el desarrollo;
sus niveles de impuestos se ubican por debajo del promedio mundial de las economías
de ingresos medios bajos o bajos (OCDE, 2018c, 2017, 2015). De igual manera, los países
de ingresos altos, como Chile, Panamá y Uruguay, registran niveles de impuestos sobre
el PIB muy por debajo de los promedios de la OCDE y de las economías de ingresos altos a
nivel mundial. Lo mismo ocurre en el caso de las economías que se espera transiten a los
ingresos altos en los próximos años, como Colombia o Costa Rica. Esta realidad debilita
su capacidad para cubrir sus necesidades socioeconómicas y mejorar el bienestar de sus
ciudadanos.
Gráfico 7. Impuestos como proporción del PIB en América Latina y el Caribe,
promedio mundial por grupo de ingresos, último año disponible
Promedio mundial
Desempeño más alto en ALC
Desempeño más bajo en ALC
Promedio ALC
Impuestos como % del PIB
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Ingresos altos
Ingresos medios altos
Ingresos medios bajos
Notas: Las barras naranjas representan el promedio mundial en los 80 países cubiertos en OECD Global Revenue
Statistics (25 de ALC, 18 de África, 35 de la OCDE y cuatro de Asia). En América Latina las economías de ingresos
altos incluyen a Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Chile, Panamá, Trinidad y Tobago y Uruguay. Las economías de
ingresos bajos incluyen al Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, El Salvador, Honduras y Nicaragua. Las economías
de ingresos medios altos incluyen a Belice, Brasil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, República Dominicana, Ecuador,
Guatemala, Jamaica, México, Paraguay, Perú y la República Bolivariana de Venezuela. El diamante negro representa
al país con desempeño más alto en la región ALC dentro de cada grupo de ingresos, en tanto que el diamante gris
representa al país con desempeño más bajo de cada grupo. El diamante verde representa el promedio simple de
las economías de ALC según su grupo de ingresos. Los países se clasifican por grupo de ingresos de acuerdo con
la metodología del Banco Mundial (https://datahelpdesk.worldbank.org/knowledgebase/articles/906519-worldbank-country-and-lending-groups).
Fuente: OECD Global Revenue Statistics (OCDE, 2018c) (base de datos).
12 https://doi.org/10.1787/888933992002
La mayoría de los países de la región necesitan mejorar la estructura de su sistema
tributario para incrementar el financiamiento para el desarrollo. En consecuencia, la
economía política de las reformas fiscales demanda una estrategia integral para afrontar
la “trampa institucional”. Los países de ALC deben acompañar las decisivas reformas
fiscales (por ejemplo, la progresividad del sistema tributario, medidas para reducir la
defraudación y la evasión fiscales, la eliminación de los gastos fiscales que no contribuyen
a la competitividad) con medidas complementarias. Estos elementos adicionales deberán:
i) comunicar con claridad los beneficios de estas reformas para atender otras trampas de
desarrollo; ii) mostrar que los gobiernos trabajan hacia un gasto público más eficiente y
eficaz gracias, en parte, a la implementación de los PND, y iii) emprender un paquete de
reformas en las que los ciudadanos vean y experimenten beneficios tangibles.
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Las asociaciones público-privadas (APP), impulsadas por la eficiencia, la calidad y la
sostenibilidad, pueden complementar las mejoras al sistema fiscal y ayudar al Estado a
financiar el suministro de bienes y servicios públicos. Las APP deberían provenir, no de
las restricciones del presupuesto fiscal, sino de un proceso deliberado y sólido construido
sobre marcos regulatorios e institucionales eficaces. Estos incluyen análisis previos de
viabilidad y relación calidad-precio, órganos independientes de supervisión de las APP,
una fuerte unidad APP, un proceso transparente y eficaz de licencias ambientales y
permisos de tierras, y diálogo con las comunidades locales.
Por otra parte, la mayoría de los países de la región identifican a los mercados
financieros bien desarrollados y funcionales como una prioridad de política pública para
promover el crecimiento sostenible e incluyente, así como las diferentes dimensiones del
desarrollo (Izquierdo et al., 2016; Melguizo, Nieto Parra, Perea y Perez, 2017). Los sistemas
financieros también contribuyen al desarrollo económico y a la innovación tecnológica
(King y Levine, 1993; Jayaratne y Strahan, 1996; Rajan y Zingales, 1998; Levine, 2018, 2005).
El acceso al financiamiento mediante diferentes modalidades es clave para cerrar las
brechas de desarrollo. Algunas de estas modalidades son las siguientes:
• Desarrollar tecnologías financieras (FinTech), que aplican la tecnología para mejorar
las actividades financieras (Schueffel, 2017). Esta tecnología ofrece servicios
financieros como proceso en línea de principio a fin, el cual consiste en nuevas
aplicaciones, procesos, productos o modelos de negocios.
• Acceder a los bancos nacionales de desarrollo (BND), lo cual puede promover la inclusión
financiera y el acceso a ciertos segmentos empresariales, como las micro, pequeñas
y medianas empresas en determinados sectores. Algunos países de ALC deberían
considerar la ampliación de las actividades de sus BND y fomentar mayores marcos
innovadores en los modelos de negocios de dichos bancos.
• Aprovechar los mercados de capital sólidos y sostenibles, lo cual requiere priorizar
las mejoras de dichos mercados, incluidas su calidad (por ejemplo, liquidez, baja
concentración) e inclusión (por ejemplo, el número de empresas que emiten valores)
en vez de solo su tamaño (por ejemplo, capitalización del mercado).
La cooperación internacional como facilitadora de la agenda de desarrollo de América
Latina y el Caribe
La región de ALC es un terreno fértil para repensar cómo la cooperación internacional
puede –y debe– facilitar el camino hacia un desarrollo sostenible e incluyente. La
región enfrenta varias trampas del desarrollo relacionadas con la productividad, la
vulnerabilidad social, la capacidad institucional y los retos ambientales. Sin embargo,
se observa en ALC una mayor madurez y determinación para superar estos obstáculos y
alcanzar una mayor prosperidad. Por un lado, se han venido fortaleciendo las capacidades
domésticas y la visión estratégica, a través de los PND. Por otro, la región participa de
manera más activa en iniciativas relacionadas con el desarrollo a nivel global, como en
el caso de la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Finalmente, los
países de ALC están siendo capaces de vincular de manera más clara el ámbito nacional
con el internacional, con el objetivo de sostener un desarrollo que mejore de forma
duradera la vida de sus ciudadanos.
La relevancia del momento actual para repensar la cooperación internacional con
ALC es importante dado que la región presenta capacidades institucionales más fuertes,
combinadas con aspiraciones sociales crecientes, una firme voluntad política de reforma
y una independencia cada vez mayor de la ayuda externa. Esta cooperación deberá
ofrecer estrategias y respuestas integradas, considerar un mayor número de actores y
38
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RESUMEN
herramientas, construir nuevas sinergias a partir de nuevos tipos de interacciones
renovadas y poner el foco en las prioridades propias de desarrollo de la región y de cada
país en particular.
La cooperación internacional puede facilitar de varias maneras el desarrollo de los
países. El avance hacia ese tipo de cooperación ha de ser gradual. Tres son las grandes
áreas en las que la cooperación internacional puede fortalecer ese papel facilitador de los
procesos de desarrollo en ALC (Cuadro 1).
Cuadro 1. Dimensiones clave para repensar la cooperación internacional como
facilitadora del desarrollo sostenible en América Latina y el Caribe
Dimensiones
Descripción
Trabajar de manera incluyente
Involucrar a los países en todos los niveles de desarrollo para que, en igualdad de condiciones, integren
y participen en alianzas multilaterales y multiactor para hacer frente a retos de desarrollo comunes
y multidimensionales con respuestas multidimensionales.
Desarrollar las capacidades
nacionales
Fortalecer las capacidades de los países para diseñar, implementar, monitorear y evaluar sus propias
prioridades de políticas y planes de desarrollo, fomentando la armonización entre las prioridades
nacionales e internacionales, y garantizando el uso de enfoques integrados para los retos más complejos
e interrelacionados.
Operar con más herramientas
y actores
Ampliar los instrumentos para una mayor cooperación internacional, como el intercambio de conocimiento,
el diálogo sobre políticas, el desarrollo de capacidades y la transferencia de tecnología, e incluir a más
participantes, entre ellos, actores públicos, en un enfoque del gobierno integral.
Fuente: Elaboración propia.
En primer lugar, la cooperación internacional debe ser inclusiva, y ayudar a que países
en todos los niveles de desarrollo participen de ella en igualdad de condiciones. Como
pares, los países pueden integrar y formar parte de alianzas en torno a políticas concretas,
afrontar los retos del desarrollo con respuestas multilaterales y multidimensionales, y
promover la participación de actores clave, como el sector privado y la sociedad civil.
El mundo necesita nuevas alianzas, nuevas estrategias de financiamiento y nuevos
mecanismos de gobernanza para enfrentarse a una gama creciente de retos en materia
de desarrollo. Esto no solo es legítimo, sino beneficioso para afrontar con mayor eficacia
los intereses comunes y garantizar que los retos del desarrollo se encaren con respuestas
globales y multidimensionales.
En segundo lugar, la cooperación internacional ha de construirse en torno a las
prioridades y estrategias nacionales de cada país, reforzando sus capacidades domésticas.
Esto ayudará a los países de ALC a diseñar, aplicar y evaluar sus propias políticas prioritarias
de desarrollo. Esto, a su vez, colocará a dichas políticas como el elemento central de sus
acciones y favorecerá que estas se alineen con los retos internacionales comunes y con
los bienes públicos globales. También ayudará a los países de ALC a armonizar mejor su
planificación con la cooperación internacional. Así podrán planificar con mayor eficacia
y facilitar su participación activa en la agenda mundial.
En tercer lugar, la cooperación internacional debe adoptar estrategias integrales e
integradas permitiendo que se alcance un nuevo balance entre transferencias financieras
y otras modalidades de cooperación a medida que los países de ALC se desarrollan. Al
trascender las herramientas y los actores tradicionales, y movilizar experiencias políticas
más amplias, la cooperación internacional en su función facilitadora promueve una
cooperación de naturaleza más técnica. Dicha cooperación se basa en el intercambio
de conocimiento, incluidos el diálogo sobre políticas, la formación, la transferencia
de tecnología y la cooperación en investigación y desarrollo. Sobre todo, se basa en el
desarrollo de capacidades, por ejemplo, en ámbitos clave de la ciencia y la tecnología.
Para ello será importante explotar el potencial de la cooperación internacional Sur-Sur y
triangular. Además, poner estas herramientas en manos de un espectro más amplio de
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
39
RESUMEN
actores, incluidos los que integran los diversos ministerios en un enfoque de gobierno
integral, podría crear interacciones más enriquecedoras. Finalmente, la cooperación
se beneficia del acceso a las diversas fuentes de conocimiento experto necesarias para
resolver problemas complejos de sostenibilidad social, económica y ambiental.
La universalidad y el enfoque integral para afrontar los retos globales compartidos de la
Agenda 2030 exigen que el mundo adapte su modo de considerar el desarrollo y la manera
de utilizar las herramientas de cooperación. En suma, esto requiere planteamientos del
desarrollo flexibles y dinámicos y el compromiso de poner en práctica los principios de
inmediato.
Inspirada en los muchos ejemplos positivos y lecciones valiosas que deja la
cooperación internacional, la región de ALC puede ser un terreno de pruebas para
responder a este llamado a la acción. Ahora es esencial poner en práctica los principios
propuestos. Mediante un diálogo sólido con las partes interesadas de ALC y otras regiones
puede analizarse la manera de poner en marcha esta visión y estas propuestas integrales
para una cooperación internacional facilitadora del desarrollo. En última instancia, estos
esfuerzos bien pueden ser el punto de partida de un multilateralismo más fuerte, más
poderoso, más participativo y más incluyente.
40
PERSPECTIVAS ECONÓMICAS DE AMÉRICA LATINA 2019 © OCDE/NACIONES UNIDAS/CAF/UE 2019
RESUMEN
Referencias
Agénor, P.R. y O. Canuto (2017), “Access to finance, product innovation and middle-income traps”,
Research in Economics, Vol. 71/2, Elsevier, Ámsterdam, pp. 337-355.
Banco Mundial (2018), World Bank World Development Indicators (base de datos), Washington, DC.,
http://data.worldbank.org/ (consultado el 1 de mayo de 2018).
|
common_corpus_science
| 246,072
|
Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Retinopathy
Print Version
What is Diabetes Mellitus?
There are three main types of Diabetes Mellitus (DM):
Type 1 Diabetes : This results from not making insulin. People with type 1 diabetes need insulin, either by injection or using an insulin pump.
Type 2 Diabetes: This results from insulin resistance, where cells fail to use insulin properly. Patients are treated with combinations of diet, exercise, oral medication, or a combination.
Type 3: Gestational Diabetes: Diabetes during pregnancy.
How is Diabetes Mellitus diagnosed?
Diabetes may have symptoms in some people, and no symptoms in others. Generally, people with Type 1 diabetes have increased thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination (polyuria), and increased hunger (polyphagia). Symptoms may develop over weeks to months. Untreated, this condition may cause a person to lose consciousness and become very ill (diabetic ketoacidosis).
People with type 2 and gestational diabetes may have minimal symptoms. A single, elevated blood glucose measurement can make a diagnosis, or it may require multiple measurements of blood glucose. Your doctor will help you determine if you have diabetes.
How is Diabetes Mellitus treated?
How important is it to control blood sugar levels?
What are complications of Diabetes Mellitus?
Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease. Small blood vessel (capillary) damage can affect the eyes, kidneys and nerves.
How can Diabetes Mellitus affect the eyes?
1. Blurred vision - If a person's blood glucose is very high, the lens within the eye can swell and temporarily cause blurred vision. This type of blurred vision will usually get better after the blood glucose level comes back to normal.
3. Cataract - Cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye and can occur at a younger age in patients with diabetes. If the clouding is significant enough to blur vision it may require surgery.
4. Glaucoma - People with diabetes are more likely to develop glaucoma than the general population.
Fig. 1: Retinopathy may cause blood vessels in the retina to become damaged or grow abnormally.
An eye examination is recommended at the time of diagnosis. Your doctor will recommend follow-up visits based on your condition. Most patients require yearly dilated eye examinations.
Where can I find more information regarding diabetes in children?
Updated 7/2018
Related Links
No Related Resource entered.
Eye Terms & Conditions
Translate page:
|
dclm_baseline
| 3,427,921
|
from os.path import join, dirname, abspath, exists
import sys
sys.path.append(dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__))))
import numpy as np
import random
from continuous.utils import load_appli_data, load_appld_data, preprocessing, load_config
from tianshou.utils.net.common import Net
from tianshou.exploration import GaussianNoise
from tianshou.utils.net.continuous import Actor, ActorProb, Critic
from tianshou.data import Batch
from tianshou.data import to_torch
import torch
device = torch.device('cuda' if torch.cuda.is_available() else 'cpu')
config_path = "continuous/configs/td3_condor.json"
config = load_config(config_path)
env_config = config['env_config']
training_config = config['training_config']
state_shape = np.array([721])
action_shape = np.array([8])
range_dict = {
'max_vel_x': [0.2, 2],
'max_vel_theta': [0.314, 3.14],
'vx_samples': [4, 20],
'vtheta_samples': [4, 60],
'occdist_scale': [0.05, 1],
'path_distance_bias': [0.1, 1.5],
'goal_distance_bias': [0.1, 2],
'inflation_radius': [0.01, 0.5]
}
action_space_low = np.array([range_dict[pn][0] for pn in env_config['param_list']])
action_space_high = np.array([range_dict[pn][1] for pn in env_config['param_list']])
action_bias = torch.tensor((action_space_low + action_space_high) / 2.0, device=device)
action_scale = torch.tensor((action_space_high - action_space_low) / 2.0, device=device)
def output_to_action(outputs):
actions = to_torch(outputs, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
actions *= action_scale
actions += action_bias
return actions
def action_to_output(actions):
outputs = to_torch(actions, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
outputs -= action_bias
outputs /= action_scale
return outputs
seed = 13
torch.manual_seed(seed)
np.random.seed(seed)
random.seed(seed)
ix, iy = load_appli_data()
dx, dy = load_appld_data()
x = np.concatenate([ix, dx])
y = np.concatenate([iy, dy])
xx, yy = preprocessing(x, y, 4)
yy = action_to_output(yy)
net = Net(training_config['num_layers'], state_shape, device=device, hidden_layer_size=training_config['hidden_size'])
if config['section'] == 'SAC':
actor = ActorProb(
net, action_shape,
1, device, hidden_layer_size=training_config['hidden_size']
).to(device)
else:
actor = Actor(
net, action_shape,
1, device, hidden_layer_size=training_config['hidden_size']
).to(device)
optimizer = torch.optim.Adam(actor.parameters(), lr=0.000001)
loss_func = torch.nn.MSELoss()
xx = to_torch(xx, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
yy = to_torch(yy, device=device, dtype=torch.float32)
idx = list(range(xx.shape[0]))
idx_test = idx[::5]
idx_train = [i for i in idx if i not in idx_test]
xx_train = xx[idx_train]
yy_train = yy[idx_train]
xx_test = xx[idx_test]
yy_test = yy[idx_test]
for e in range(40):
test_loss = np.inf
for t in range(2000):
idx = list(range(xx_train.shape[0]))
random.shuffle(idx)
xxx = xx_train[idx]
yyy = yy_train[idx]
outputs, _ = actor(xxx)
loss = loss_func(outputs, yyy)
optimizer.zero_grad()
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
print("Train: epoch: %d, step: %d, loss: %f" %(e+1, t+1, loss), end="\r")
with torch.no_grad():
outputs, _ = actor(xx_test)
loss = loss_func(outputs, yy_test)
print("\nTest: epoch: %d, loss: %f" %(e+1, loss))
if loss < test_loss:
torch.save(actor.state_dict(), "actor.pth")
test_loss = loss
|
the_stack
| 349,146
|
0 0.771061 0.526855 0.014063 0.030273
0 0.753906 0.509766 0.017188 0.025391
0 0.594531 0.533203 0.020313 0.029297
0 0.613218 0.525099 0.014063 0.032227
0 0.621875 0.518555 0.017188 0.025391
0 0.636328 0.509277 0.016406 0.030273
0 0.672656 0.507812 0.015625 0.039062
0 0.703906 0.509766 0.017188 0.035156
0 0.734375 0.505371 0.014063 0.028320
3 0.239453 0.702637 0.080469 0.149414
3 0.388281 0.617188 0.054688 0.117188
3 1.000000 0.766113 0.084375 0.180664
3 0.869141 0.621582 0.066406 0.114258
1 0.344922 0.673340 0.058594 0.075195
1 0.426953 0.610352 0.035156 0.056641
1 0.404687 0.566406 0.023438 0.046875
1 0.211328 0.543457 0.021094 0.045898
1 0.103516 0.547363 0.021094 0.040039
1 0.323437 0.552734 0.017188 0.029297
1 0.779687 0.548340 0.021875 0.040039
1 0.962500 0.528320 0.014063 0.029297
2 0.905078 0.594727 0.038281 0.068359
2 0.896094 0.684570 0.056250 0.085938
2 0.570312 0.545410 0.020313 0.038086
2 0.426563 0.531250 0.015625 0.033203
2 0.139389 0.533691 0.017969 0.030273
2 0.307422 0.532715 0.021094 0.028320
|
the_stack
| 419,966
|
How can I change label Value by clicking in a picturebox in C#?
This is my first post in here and I m trying for 3-4 months now to learn c#.
As the title says I have this simple method in a Guy class:
public void UpdateLabels()
{
MyLabel.Text = (Name + " has placed " + MyBet.Amount + "$ " + "on " );
}
In image as you can see the label updates by giving value to numericUp button
but I want when I click a bear to get the name of the bear in label
Thank you a lot .
This is how I want to make it work int this picture: http://postimg.org/image/rh08b2fxn/
It was in front of my eyes .I was trying to treat the pictureboxes as texts which was wrong.I could see them but C# couldn't so I made texts that C# could see them and would apply to pictureboxes choices.Thank you all for your time and helping me out!
Not sure what that means. Glad you figured it out....
You have to add the Click event handler to the PictureBox controls, like shown in the following compact Lambda-style notation sample:
img1.Click+=(s,e)=>{ UpdateLabels();}
where img1 is a PictureBox control name of that one containing "Bear" image. The same technique you can apply to other PictureBox controls.
Note: you may need to modify the UpdateLabels(s,e) to extract sender s information (like: PictureBox _px = s as PictureBox) and apply the updates to the corresponding Label, thus, the event subscription will look like:
img1.Click+=(s,e)=> UpdateLabels(s,e);
img2.Click+=(s,e)=> UpdateLabels(s,e);
.....
pointing to the same event handler (btw, in case of WPF I would recommend to use TextBlock instead of Label control; correspondingly it could be Image control instead of PictureBox).
Hope this may help.
Hi @Taw: Please see my extended answer: it's all been added already. Kind regards,
Yes, that's right: the solution can be used in both WinForm and WPF app. I have clarified this. Best regards,
Double Click the PictureBoxes to get their Click() event. From there you can set the Label to the correct value:
public void UpdateLabels()
{
MyLabel.Text = (Name + " has placed " + MyBet.Amount + "$ " + "on " + label1.Text);
}
private void pictureBox1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
label1.Text = "Brown Bear";
UpdateLabels();
}
private void pictureBox2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
label1.Text = "Red Bear";
UpdateLabels();
}
// ... etc ...
*Change label1 to the name of your label (which I hope is better named).
I have the click event handler and I change the text I want but the thing is I can t change the label that has the UpdateLabels method. private void redBear_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
label4.Text = "Red Bear";
label4.Location = new Point(470, 410);
}.I want to add in the label the name of the bear after the word on as you see in picture.
You need to create and update the proper reference to the current Label do this in the RadioButtons' CheckedChanges event(s)!
You could also call your UpdateLabel() method from there. Change it so the label value is included...see updated answer.
I added a string property which I was trying to give it values and then make this value same with the value in UpdateLabels () method which MyLabel.Text = (Name + " has placed " + MyBet.Amount + "$ " + "on " + myChoseNBear);//The myChosenBear is a string which I gave it values from main form by calling it through an instance but nothing happened.
"The myChosenBear is a string which I gave it values from main form by calling it through an instance but nothing happened." Can you show how you're calling it "through an instance"?
Idle_mind I had a Guy chooseBear = new Guy(); instance created.Then i said chooseBear.myChosenBear = "brown bear" or I even created new string that was string brownBear ="brown bear" and chooseBear.myChosenBear = brownBear ;no errors but nothing happened.
Is Guy the Form (the one we see in the screenshot)?...or a Class just for holding data about the "Guy"? If the former, I'm guessing you don't need a new instance, just use the current form via this.myChosenBear.
No Guy is a class that hold the method UpdateLabels and some other info about the guys names cash etc.The picture is in main form of winforms public partial class Form1 : Form and they all belong to main namespace .Thank you a lot for your time Idle_Mind again.
?...wait....if Guy has UpdateLabels(), but the picture is of Form1, then how is UpdateLabels() accessing MyLabel which is on the Form? Need a better picture of all the players involved here...
My best guess right now is that you should have an instance of Guy declared at Class level (in Form1) instead of inside the event handler.
@George DM what did you code in the RadioButtons' CheckedChanges event(s)??? This is the key, really!
Here is the link of my terrible code.Don t mind the cooments which are in greek language.https://www.dropbox.com/sh/9v7rlbu010ca0lh/AABaHgd3QVnYV44GOOadBft_a?dl=0 or in here the rar http://s000.tinyupload.com/?file_id=07171018387960591416
It was in front of my eyes .I was trying to treat the pictureboxes as texts which was wrong.I could see them but C# couldn't so I made texts that C# could see them and would apply to pictureboxes choices.Thank you all for your time and helping me out!
|
common_corpus_web
| 3,829,901
|
Folg Mikh a Gang
When Papa came to Mama with a new idea on how to make more money on the farm, “a brainstorm”, he would receive the same reply,”Folg mikh a gang.
To us boys, it meant that Mama was not for it and that Papa was talking “pie in the sky.”
Mama was a “bottom line” person and not willing to take a chance. Papa was a gambler in business and he would have gone bankrupt much earlier if it had not been for Mama.
One time Papa persuaded Mama to go along with “a sure winner.” We did well in selling hatching eggs from our White Leghorns to Paul Kuhl’s Hatchery in Copper Hill, New Jersey.
Papa was approached to raise a flock of Rhode Island Red hens and Plymouth Barred Rock Roosters. The cross was supposed to produce the best broilers.
Papa’s argument was that instead of getting 20 cents a dozen over the market price for the White Leghorn eggs for hatching, the Red-Rock cross would bring a 40-cent premium. I remember Papa throwing his hands up in the air and shouting, “We’ll be rich!”
What Papa had neglected to tell Mama was that these brown-egg, producing Rhode Island hens took longer to come into production, ate more feed and laid fewer eggs.
There also was a problem with the Plymouth Barred Rock roosters, for they were larger and ate much more feed.
Still another negative factor was that the ratio of White Leghorn roosters to hens was 1 rooster to 15-20 hens, but the Plymouth Barred Rock roosters could service only 12-15 Rhode Island hens. So, the Rock roosters ate more and could not service as many hens as the smaller Leghorn roosters as well as taking longer to mature.
According to Uriel Weinreich’s English-Yiddish Yiddish-English Dictionary, “Folg mikh a gang” means:
It’s a far cry
It’s quite a distance
This is no small distance
This is no small task
To Mama it meant, “It’s a bad idea—NO WAY!”
I guess Papa was very much like Sholom Aleichem’s character, Menachem-Mendel.
|
dclm_baseline
| 2,121,250
|
The Sea Test | Final Test - Easy
Buy The Sea Lesson Plans
Name: _________________________ Period: ___________________
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Why does the narrator say Anna wanted a camera taken to her in the hospital?
(a) So she could learn to use it.
(b) So she could fix the camera.
(c) So she could photograph other patients.
(d) So she could document her illness.
2. Where does the narrator say Chloe found another boy to torture with her love?
(a) From the city.
(b) From the same town.
(c) From a nearby town.
(d) From a vacation resort.
3. What does Claire tell the narrator about Jerome in "Section 2: Part 6"?
(a) They are moving him to Texas.
(b) They are buying The Cedars.
(c) They are engaged.
(d) They are opening a business.
4. What does the narrator remember Anna doing at the moment of her death?
(a) Frowning.
(b) Biting her nails.
(c) Smiling.
(d) Praying.
5. In "Section 2: Part 1", how does the narrator describe the robin?
(a) Jumpy.
(b) Complicated.
(c) Loving.
(d) Fearless.
6. In "Section 2: Part 1", what bothers the narrator about his memory of Chloe?
(a) He can only remember the bad parts.
(b) He feels like she is still with him.
(c) He can't ignore her memory.
(d) He can't remember her in detail.
7. Who does the narrator say comforted Chloe after her argument with Rose at the beach?
(a) Mrs. Grace.
(b) Rose.
(c) Myles.
(d) Himself.
8. Why does the narrator say Rose and Chloe got into an argument at the beach one day?
(a) Because Rose wanted money.
(b) Because Chloe was bossing Rose around.
(c) Because Chloe wouldn't listen to Rose.
(d) Because Rose yelled at Chloe.
9. In "Section 2: Part 3", when does the narrator start insulting a woman who left him?
(a) When Miss Vavasour is on the phone.
(b) In his sleep.
(c) In the middle of dinner.
(d) During coffee.
10. Why does the narrator say he sought a relationship with Anna?
(a) To avoid being alone.
(b) To find a soul mate.
(c) To have children.
(d) To better his position in life.
11. How did Chloe die?
(a) She was hit by a car.
(b) She was poisoned.
(c) She drowned.
(d) She fell.
12. What does Miss Vavasour tell the narrator about his bed in "Section 2: Part 2"?
(a) That he needs a new bed.
(b) That its always been in the house.
(c) That he messes up his bed.
(d) That he makes his own bed.
13. What does the narrator say he visited while in England?
(a) The towns his father helped build.
(b) The river his father fished in.
(c) The market where his mother once worked.
(d) The countryside where his mother was raised.
14. What does the narrator say he got to drink after kissing Chloe for the first time?
(a) Wine.
(b) Water.
(c) Coffee.
(d) Soda.
15. In "Section 2: Part 6", what does the narrator say the sea did to him as a child?
(a) Took him away to an island.
(b) Carried him back to the shore.
(c) Built him a sand castle.
(d) Washed away his footprints.
Short Answer Questions
1. What does the narrator compare Rose's confession of love for Mr. Grace to?
2. In "Section 2: Part 3", how does the narrator describe the Colonel's life?
3. In "Section 2: Part 3", when the narrator starts insulting a woman who left him, what does he say he needs?
4. Why does the narrator say he uses a name other than the one on his birth certificate?
5. In "Section 2: Part 6", why does the narrator feel like Anna isn't haunting him?
(see the answer keys)
This section contains 578 words
(approx. 2 pages at 300 words per page)
Buy The Sea Lesson Plans
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dclm_baseline
| 2,547,846
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Our TV Shows
Got a Tip?
Call TMZ at (888) 847-9869 or Click Here
Octomom RIPS Doc: He's a Danger to Humanity!
Octo adds, "Talk about breeding for disaster!"
No Avatar
1218 days ago
Octomom rips the Doc, The Babies ripped Octomom, and Octomom's ripping off her damn Landlord...You've got 2 love it.
1218 days ago
Are you kidding me Octo!! You should be revoked from humanity as well.
1218 days ago
Freak Octomom should just go away
1218 days ago
What? Her breeding license should have been revoked.
1218 days ago
Unfrickin' believable. This sorry excuse for a human actually made me feel sorry for this Doc. When are they going to take those children away from this freak? She isn't even capable of supporting her children.
1218 days ago
What the hell is she talking about her stockpiled embryos? She said she didn't have anymore left. She said the reason she had so many implanted was because she wanted to use up what was left of her embryos.
TMZ stop talking to that mental midget.
1218 days ago
She was the idiot that talked him into the procedure to begin with and then refused to reduce the amount of embryos that grew after promising the Dr she would. I don't see anyone holding her responsible for her part in this.
1218 days ago
Oh no she di' nt! The octo-jaberwocky speaks! Hypocrite. If she'd donated the embryos to other infertility patients, she'd have helped people start much wanted families, but no, she had to bear them herself and coast California taxpayers instead. And how many of these kids are disabled??
1218 days ago
Just when you think she could not get any more absurd....SHE DOES!!! cass & Me I recall those facts as well, but as we know from past experience she often has to eat her words down the road. She is a very ill woman and this Doc should have seen that in the first place! Delusion, greed and the desire to play God bred these poor children
1218 days ago
Way to stab him in the back Octo! You wore him down with your nagging to have that many implanted and then backed out on reducing them like you said you would. SICK!
1218 days ago
Altered Mentation
She continues to amaze me with her ability to SUCK at parenting. I hope her children don't read her comments one day of what she REALLY thinks of them. If these kids turn into happy functional adults, it will be a miracle!
1218 days ago
Give him his license back, make him pay support for these 8 children. Yes, it makes me gag for him to give this creep woman any money but maybe hitting him in the pocketbook will keep him from doing this again.It's better he pays than the taxpayers. Octo should be neutered.
1218 days ago
She chose him, she could have said OH NO, not THAT many, and did not. They both should be in a whacko ward
1218 days ago
I just thought of something that will make you go HMMMMM
What if Natalie made a pact with the Doctor that he could take as many eggs as he wanted to sale to other woman who could not get pregnant on their own. just as long as she doesn't have to pay for the procedure or at least pay a lower cost. How else would she be able to afford this procedure so many times. Since there were so many left, the question I have to ask is why so friggen many on a girl with no money no husband and six kids that she couldn't take care of anyway. He had to make his money some way, so the resale of her eggs would be the way to recoup his investment.
1218 days ago
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| 4,161,080
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, 32 tweets, 7 min read Read on Twitter
#LiamNeeson admits "years ago" he was in grips of a racist &/or primal tribalist drive for vengeance for abt a week following a loved one's rape. He's clearly been horrified by it since he realized what the hell he was doing.
independent.co.uk/arts-entertain… 1/
He admitted to being animated by an incredibly ugly racism-informed primal tribal instinct & being damn lucky he didn't encounter anyone who inadvertently gave him a pretext to vent his rage during that time. 2/
His admission cd encourage others to more honestly examine how racist ideas & impulses hv influenced their own perceptions & behavior so they can consciously endeavor to do better in the future. Encouraging more such reflection could have a lot of social benefit. 3/
As an A-list celebrity who's generally believed to be likeable & fundamentally decent, it's a shocking admission from his past. But it also opens space for others to more honestly examine their own attitudes & actions. Unless we all decide he needs to be "cancelled" over it. 4/
#Cancelled #LiamNeeson says: if you ever engaged in racist thoughts, beliefs, or behavior - even if you recognized error & tried to be a better neighbor & human since - you best keep it to yourself. Neither grace nor redemption are possible or available. 5/
It reenforces idea that racist label must be avoided & fought against at all costs becs once it attaches, "good people" will shun you, direct hate at you, demand you lose your livelihood, etc. So if another charges you with racial insensitivity, you deny &/or counter-attack 6/
This has been common in American racism discussions becs majority culture has for ~30+yrs deemed overtly racist words/acts/thoughts ignorant, evil, immoral. Many Boomers were raised with that understanding (or came to it despite familial racism), as were most Gen Xers. 7/
Ppl tend to strenuously dispute suggestions they're evil. It shd be obvs why. Humans are social animals - we need to cooperate to survive & thrive. We fear shame, exile, loss of livelihood, friends, community. And in 21st c US, being tagged racist = being IDed as evil. 8/
Sidenote: Contemporary race relations are further complicated by decades-old US tribalist partisan frames for perceiving & assessing claims of racism-motivated wrong-doing, but that's a whole nother essay or twenty. 9/
So "antiracist" activists narrow defn of racist (prejudice +power) & expand it to incld unconscious bias, disparate outcomes, microaggressions, cultural appropriation, insufficient awareness of racism's impacts... All & more are declared "racist." 10/
White ppl who truly want to be decent, moral, & not racist - & hv been trying - get confused. Woke scolds say wearing a cheongsam to celebrate another culture's beautiful art or asking a new friend abt ethnic background to show interest in learning abt them are racist acts. 11/
Then white savior complex jerks like R DiAngelo attribute to "white fragility" what anyone w basic understanding of behavioral psych & a modicum of intellectual honesty can see is a fundamentally human existential threat response triggered by accusations of evil behavior. 12/
"They refuse to listen and learn! They center their own discomfort!" Ofc they do. Becs you first centered their behavior (& shame/fear of poor character they attribute to racists) & triggered defense mechanisms. 13/
If you want to give ppl new insight, you can't blithely trigger fight or flight then berate/demean their involuntary/autonomic reactions. It's counterproductive. You can't first render ppl temporarily incapable of processing new info then attribute inability to bad character. 14/
This is why "tone policing" is a garbage claim. Certainly, ppl dealing w too-common discrimination/barriers that limit or derail life options in significant ways need to vent frustrations & shd be able to do so in civ rts activist spaces, with or without allies present. 15/
But you can't demand everyone give such things audience out in public & then get mad when ppl take you literally & express fear that your apparent hatred might result in malevolent acts directed at whatever demographic took the generalized brunt of your frustration. 15/
If we feminists publicly rant about goddamn men sexually harassing women as if all men have done it, condoned it, &/or intentionally turned a blind eye to it, *we* have centered all men r/t survivors (who can be male, female, or GNC.) So we can expect the following to happen: 16/
1) Some number of men & women cry "misandry!" & debate turns into one of whether all men deserve condemnation, r/t focusing on identifying what is & is not sexual harassment & how it impacts victims so more ppl of all genders can ID it, help stop it & not do it themselves, 17/
2) Ppl argue about over if it's reasonable to say 2010's American culture is toxically masculine, misogynist, oppressive, patriarchal. Abt if it's truer now than in past or here than elsewhere. R/t doing things to actually help reduce incidence of sex harassment (see above), 18/
I've done 1 & 2. We get totally sidetracked w tribal flare-ups - IDing them, defending against them being directed at us or others, noting inherent tendency of class-based generalizations to beget more class-based generalizations, promoting bias, fear, mistrust of difference 19/
3) Some co-indentitarians & allies will adopt your venting & hyperbole as "evidence" to deploy during debates. So they'll keep derailing us/themselves by angering or offending ppl who cd be helpful allies in countering the social phenomenon we're supposedly concerned abt. 20/
4) Some will feel increasingly fearful, suspicious, dismissive, disdainful, resentful, hostile to, even repulsed by, strangers of rage-venting-target demo. In time, some will also turn on friends, fam, neighbors, coworkers who are of bad demo or "complicit in our oppression" 21/
5) Some "oppressor demo" ppl also become more apprehensive around "oppressed demo" ppl for fear of doing or saying wrong thing, unwittingly running afoul of some new norm of behavior they've yet to hear abt when it seems literally any minor thing can be deemed #problematic, 22/
6) Ofc, oppressor class ppl acting uncomfortable around you can be read all sorts of ways. Contempo #IdentityStudies gives us a variety of possible explanations, most of which are thoroughly uncharitable. So this further justifies our antipathy toward oppressor demo ppl, 23/
Sure, maybe they're virulent woman-hating patriarchy-defenders & at any moment cd decide to sexually assault us becs toxic masculinity. But more likely they don't want to offend us by stereotyping OR refusing to appreciate/value/accommodate our demo's differences, 24/
Note inherent tension here. "Oppressors" are condemned for thinking the oppressed class hv certain things in common that differ from oppressor class. But they're also condemned for failing to adequately provide for such differences. This is what we like to call a Catch-22. 25/
This is esp vibrant in current feminist rhetoric. The same ppl will condemn "oppressor" for acknowledging or referring to women's on avg greater emotional sensitivity in one context, then decry misogyny of biz/culture valuing masculine competition over feminine cooperation. 26/
7) Catch-22 only increases "oppressors" discomfort, anxiety around "oppressed." Acknowledging or referring to difference cd be bad. But so cd failing to acknowledge & accommodate same diff. Some will avoid prolonged convos w "oppressed" for fear of accidentally causing offense 27
8) Increase in difference-based anxiety among ppl w/in oppressor & oppressed classes alike creates a feedback loop that magnifies, reinforces, & expands tribalist apprehension w/in each group. Previously unbiased "oppressors" may discrim v oppressed to avoid risk of conflict 28/
This dynamic, if not interrupted now, risks eroding women's recent gains in access to any & all professional opportunities we are well-qualified for given our individual skills & training. That outcome is antithetical to goals of feminism as I understand them. And so I object 29/
So no, your public venting of class-based outrage at some entire demo isn't morally laudatory or even neutral. It's socially poisonous, self-indulgent, juvenile, sadomasochistic sabotage of rights & needs of ppl you claim to represent. And it shd be IDed & rejected as such. 30/
Finally, American women are incredibly diverse. Vast majority of us never authorized #IDStudies, writers or activist orgs to determine what is or isn't in our best collective interests. So if you threaten those interests by acting a fool, expect to get called on it by others. /31
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Cute fall dates ideas: you are welcome
Arielle Weg
As the leaves fall and it gets colder outside, you may want to find someone to engage in “cuddle season” with. But once you find that someone, what will you do with them?
One popular date spot is the Buford Corn Maze, located at 4470 Bennett Road, Buford, GA. The Buford Corn Maze will be open until November 7th, and you can find a variety of activities to do with your date. The main attraction is the Corn Maze itself; however, there is also a Haunted Forest, a hayride, a pumpkin patch, and so much more. Tickets can be purchased online or at the gate. If you’re looking to scare your date into your arms, the Haunted Forest is open weekends at dark. However, if you’re looking for a more tame date, the Corn Maze, hayride, and pumpkin patch might be better for you. Additionally, the Barnyard Grill has food and drinks available for when you get hungry or thirsty. More information can be found at
Some other fun outdoor activities you can do are apple picking and going to a pumpkin patch. Just simply going to an apple orchard or pumpkin patch with your date can be a date, however, you can step it up even more. You can make some delicious treats with the apples or pumpkins, plus baking in the kitchen will warm you up after spending the day out in the cold! Some treats you could make are: apple pie, caramel/candy apples, pumpkin pie, and pumpkin bread! And with the pumpkins you choose, you can even carve them together, and turn it into a pumpkin carving contest if you’re really competitive. If you like the sound of apple picking, you can drive up to Ellijay, GA to check out B.J. Reece Orchards or Hillcrest Orchards. As mentioned before, there is a pumpkin patch at the Buford Corn Maze; however, Burt’s Pumpkin Farm in Dawsonville, GA is another popular patch to check out.
If you’re more introverted, then a fun idea for a date is to just simply stay at home and watch movies. Snuggling up with your date on the couch while you have a movie marathon is a great way to stay cozy and have fun. You can choose whichever movies you want to watch, but Halloween movies are a great way to get into the Halloween spirit. Alternatively, you could take your date to go see a drive-in movie!
However, not everyone is interested in spending time out in the cold, so here are some equally fun and cute date ideas that can be done indoors! Although these activities are available year-round, they are definitely ones you can’t go wrong with. Firstly, who doesn’t love the arcade? It allows you to embrace both your competitive and goofy side, and you can get prizes with the tickets/points you win. Additionally, most arcades have bowling too, in case you wanted to show off your bowling skills to your date. Places like Main Event and Stars and Strikes are most popular for this. Secondly, roller skating is a great way to spend time with your date, especially if they don’t know how to skate. Teaching them to skate can help you two get closer and may even result in some very fun memories being made! You can roller skate at Skate Country or even find a local skate park.
There are endless possibilities of ways to spend time with your date, whether they are your significant other or a new person in your life. However, what you are doing won’t matter that much because what really counts is the time you spend with them and the memories you make along the way.
Home. (2021, October 28). Buford Corn Maze.
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the_stack
| 71,016
|
Centralia, MO
Sponsored Topics
Centralia is a city in Audrain and Boone counties in the U.S. state of Missouri. The population was 3,774 at the 2000 census.
Centralia is located at 39°12′35″N 92°8′11″W / 39.20972°N 92.13639°W / 39.20972; -92.13639 (39.209657, -92.136300). According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 2.5 square miles (6.6 km²), all land.
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dclm_baseline
| 3,113,645
|
Kabukiran ang Kūh-e Chūbīn (Pinulongang Persiyano: كوه چوبين) sa Iran. Nahimutang ni sa lalawigan sa Ostān-e Chahār Maḩāl va Bakhtīārī, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa habagatan sa Tehrān ang ulohan sa nasod.
Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Disyembre, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Septiyembre, sa milimetro.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Kabukiran sa Ostān-e Chahār Maḩāl va Bakhtīārī
Kabukiran sa Iran nga mas taas kay sa 3000 metros ibabaw sa dagat nga lebel
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common_corpus_web
| 513,119
|
Jump to content
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About bigyihsuan
• Rank
Spacecraft Engineer
Recent Profile Visitors
1. Today, I launched a few rockets and managed to get into orbit. All these FASA and BDB parts are really cluttering my parts menu, but I hope these extra science parts and engines are worth it. And, for now, they have nice, large tanks until I unlock larger procedural ones. I launched two random sats to complete some milestone contracts, and a satellite for one of three CleverSat contracts. With KEI, I gathered some science from around KSC and unlocked a few tech tree nodes. My next plan is to farm some money
2. This thread's gonna be for documenting my JNSQ playthrough. I'll try to update the thread whenever I play. Mod List:
3. What are some of the more ridiculous building techniques you've used in KSP? I'm playing on 3.5x scale with Real Fuels, which means you need lots of engine clustering. Thankfully, Procedural Fairings provides an engine plate to do just that. I'm building a manned ship to Duna that needs 5 propulsion modules. Now, these modules are big and heavy modules, around 30-40 tons each. And so, a large rocket is needed. Remember when I mentioned the Procedural Fairings engine plate? How they work is they have a single structural node in the center, and the engines are placed on nodes in a
4. I wanted to make all parts passable because of jankery with Real Fuels and Procedural Parts and random parts not having CLS configs, so I wrote this to do so: @PART[*]:HAS[!MODULE[ModuleConnectedLivingSpace]]:FINAL { MODULE { name = ModuleConnectedLivingSpace passable = true } } @PART[*]:HAS[MODULE[ModuleConnectedLivingSpace]]:FINAL { MODULE { @passable = true } } // or? @PART[*]:FINAL { %MODULE { %name = ModuleConnectedLivingSpace %passable = true } } Would this work? EDIT: I've found that this works wit
5. I'm trying to use the Procedural Fairings engine plate and the interstage with a single engine. (Related: https://github.com/KSP-RO/RealismOverhaul/wiki/First-RO-Rocket#interstage) The engine plate has a large node in the center that connects things structurally, with additional nodes for engines surrounding it: The interstage has 2 nodes: one that's structural that allows it to act as a decoupler, and a second one that connects it to a stack: I'm trying to use the engine plate with a single engine. However, the engine node is offset, with a minimum of 0.100m:
6. I want more methalox engines for my orbital insertion and transfer stages. I know of CryoEngines adding the methalox from Near Future Launch Vehicles eventually TM, and RealFuels-Stock config also having some engines with methalox (SpaceY only, based on the mods I have installed). Are there any configs for RealFuels floating around for either adding methalox to engines, or mods that add methalox engines?
7. I'm using Sigma Dimensions and the config for 3.5x scale. I now have the problem where Kerbin day lengths are 12 hours long instead of the usual 6 hours (and i'm not going to even bother trying to calculate the year length). However, the in-game settings don't reflect this; I can choose only 6h days with 426d years, or 24h days and 365d years. Is there a mod out there that lets me change the time display to something more accurate? I know of RSS Date Formatter but it's built for RSS and shows a MM/DD/YYYY-like time format, when I want the default KSP Year Y, Day D, HH:MM:SS format, b
8. Thank you, I thought it was Near Future Construction. For future me, they're called "Docking Connectors", not the usual port.
9. I'm trying to recreate this: (Source: https://www.renderosity.com/rr/mod/gallery/boeing-manned-interplanetary-spacecraft-diagram/2167658) And I need a linear docking port for the Earth Departure stage. I know I've seen one in a mod somewhere, but I'm forgetting what mod adds it. What it is is a rectangular docking port that can be placed radially. It only docks to other linear docking ports of the same size, and it only docks when the ports are parallel to each other on the long axis. Is there a mod that has this sort of docking port?
10. For the Pandora pod, what's the small nub on the 1.25m side for? Is there a part that's meant to go on there?
11. Looking at the structure of the USFuelSwitch module makes me think it could be possible to have multiple different resources per module, separating the lengths by semicolons and resources by pipe characters. So: @PART[USHydrazineWedge]:NEEDS[RealFuels] { @MODULE[USFuelSwitch] { // new is monoprop @resourceNames = Hydrazine;Hydrazine;Hydrazine;Hydrazine|MonoPropellant;MonoPropellant;MonoPropellant;MonoPropellant @resourceAmounts = 60;120;180;240|30;60;90;120 @initialResourceAmounts = 60;120;180;240|30;60;90;120 } } // based on the shroud config Though I haven't the time y
12. I know it's been 2 months since this specific post, but is there any progress, or at least some pointers to be able to patch US2 parts to work Real Fuels? I've poked around and I think it could be done by making a patch somewhere to add the Real Fuels ModuleFuelTanks module, but I'm not sure how that'll fare with switching the part lengths. Maybe instead of using the Real Fuels module add/replace it to the USFuelSwitch module?
13. The link to TaranisEleu's guide is broken, found a working link after digging around old threads:
• Create New...
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dclm_baseline
| 2,821,786
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Hillman Curtis used to say that you have to “Eat your audience”. In saying that, I think he was trying to get people to really try hard to intimately know their user. I don’t know if he was trying to figuratively say that we should not just ask people how they eat, but we should actually sit down and eat with them. Or, maybe he was trying to say that we should really try and internalize the audience and make them a part of us. We’ll never know, but regardless, I love that analogy and it’s always stuck in my head.
Recently I saw a headline on Fast Company that said “Square’s ‘Director of experience’ On Why An In-House Barista Makes Everyone Happy”. I clicked through to the article for two reasons. First, I wanted to know what the “Director of Experience” role was at Square. But second, I was curious to know why Square had an in-house barista. The answers are really fascinating and make me realize how serious Jack Dorsey is about the application of storytelling and the writing process to product design.
If you interview at Square, part of the interview is to see the product in action. To accomplish this, Square has an in-house coffee bar. When candidates come to an interview, the recruiter takes them to the coffee bar and then pays a dollar for the drink using Square. Turns out that one of the first four customers of Square was a coffee company. (Side note: the idea of integrating your product experience into the interview is a great way to gauge how interested the candidate is in your company. But, on the other hand, if a candidate hasn’t checked out your product prior to the interview, assuming the product is readily available, then I’d be concerned and probably not hire them.) But, the idea behind a barista at Square extends beyond the interview.
What’s brilliant about having an in-house barista is that this means that Square has someone on staff who is the customer. Kat (the barista) actually receives a new build of the product a few times a week, according to the article. She actually attends product meetings frequently to give feedback and help shape product features. But what’s even better, she doesn’t code and she has no formal training in product or design. Her input is purely from the perspective of a consumer and this gives her the empathy, understanding, and insight into what is truly going to create a great consumer experience.
As I mentioned earlier, Jack has talked about how he considers himself an editor of both technology and teams. In the interview he did with Charlie Rose he said (emphasis mine):
I’m sure that having Kat at Square helps keep everyone focused on editing to that “one” thing as Jack said. So, if you are working on a product today, you should ask yourself two things:
1) Who is your Kat?
2) What can you to do eat your audience?
I’d love to hear ideas on how you keep your team focused on the story of how the people are using your products, and not just in the weeds of specific interactions and functionalities. How do you keep your team focused on that one thing?
Recommended Posts
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dclm_baseline
| 869,135
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# Why are GeoDIDs necessary?
Spatial data is any data where the relative positions of observations are described by the data, and can be used as a dimension in the analysis. Put another way, spatial data has information about _where each individual datum is_ — and therefore, where the observations are in relation to each other.
A wide range of data formats have been developed to represent spatial data for a broad array of use cases and applications. Geographic decentralized identifiers act as a wrapper around these spatial data assets. This provides a common structure for referencing spatial data, and gives developers the option to bring these data assets into the Web3 fold, offering **independently verifiable cryptographic integrity guarantees**, the ability to store spatial data on **distributed file storage** systems like IPFS, and, most importantly, giving the GeoDID controller full, **permissionless autonomy** over their spatial datasets through the use of public key cryptography. \(privacy?\)
\[@jared and @joao: is this a good justification for why GeoDIDs are necessary.\] **YES!**
{% hint style="info" %}
Our vision is to develop a set of tools for working with spatial data in smart contracts, oracles and other Web3 systems. These tools will be developed to natively consume spatial data identified by GeoDIDs.
{% endhint %}
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the_stack
| 279,767
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Tuesday, 21 April 2020
New World.
This is a strange world we're living in at the moment and I have to admit to feeling very insecure. I would love to have called this post Brave New World, but I'm not sure how many of us are feeling that way at the moment. So many people are in denial!
I was back in England just a few days before France closed it's borders and I was very lucky to be on the last ferry back across the channel.
It was a very frightening experience from the moment I first arrived in England and watching with horror the news from my Hotel room. We had been pretty insulated in France as we don't have TV other than Netflix and I don't believe everything I read online either! I felt very alone and vulnerable and hated having to tell my children that my trip might be cut short. I had a message from Brittany ferries to tell me that my return crossing had been cancelled and I was sick with worry at being trapped in England, away from my lovely man and our animals. I can't praise Brittany ferries enough as they reassured me and squeezed me onto the last ferry back to France. It was a horrible ordeal as we were all confined to cabins and given repeated advice and warnings over the loudspeakers. I'm not exagerating when I compare it to a scene from a movie, only this was very real and I was glad that I'd packed sandwiches and a bottle of wine! The wine came in handy when the people in the cabin next to me decided to have a little party! I had a big gulp, got dressed and went and banged on their door. Talk about sheepish!!! I didn't hear another word from them all night and slept like a log!
So what is the future holding for us as we move forwards? I really can't say and our life here has been turned on it's head before it's even begun. We have a little left of our budget but our income from the holiday Gite will not happen this year and as all markets have been suspended I've not been able to sell any of my works either! I have other ideas, but as many people will also have insecure wages, I'm not sure who I'll be selling to! Thankfully we have the farm, our veg seedlings are doing very well and our remaining chickens are still laying, so we won't go hungry. But long term, who knows?
I'm very glad that we moved the horses when we did as not only is it difficult getting their feed, but we need to save as much money as possible.
I didn't mean this to be a negative post, just rambling thoughts about the situation at the moment. How is it affecting you all?
1. It's scary for us too. Right now people are worried that Trump will use the virus to stop the voting for president in November and change everything just to stay in power. He has the Senate and his Atty. Gen Bill Bar who will do anything to keep Trump in poswe so they can keep their power too. It's a sad world.
2. Not so negative - it had a happy ending - you got home, safe and secure. All else is just hurry-up and wait. For me the quiet and loneliness is hardest but the good of that is, I speak more often to my children!
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dclm_baseline
| 2,309,475
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import { inject } from "inversify";
import { TYPE } from "../constants";
/**
* @propertyDecorator
* Injects the {@link HttpContext} of the current request.
*/
export function InjectHttpContext() {
return inject(TYPE.HttpContext);
}
|
the_stack
| 437,735
|
RICHMOND (AP) -- The threshold at which water damage to vehicles must be disclosed to buyers would rise under a bill that cleared the House of Delegates Thursday despite warnings it could make Virginia a dumping ground for flooded cars.
The House voted 73-25 to raise the amount of repair allowed before water damage must be recorded on a vehicle's title from $1,000 to $5,000, which would make Virginia the state with the highest water damage threshold in the nation. The Senate sent its version back to committee to reach a compromise.
Del. Matthew Lohr, R-Rockingham County, said his bill is needed because cars are more expensive than they were when the threshold was established in the 1960s and the $1,000 limit could make it difficult to sell a high-end car with very little water damage. A water damage branded title greatly impacts the value of a vehicle.
Consumer advocates and some legislators say the change would result in buyers being duped into purchasing vehicles with residual odors and corroded electrical systems, spiffed up with air freshener and new carpet to appear unharmed.
'It would be like an open invitation: Dump your flood cars here,' said Rosemary Shahan, president of Consumers for Auto Reliability and Safety. Her Sacramento, Calif., organization was one of several that sent letters urging lawmakers to reject the proposal.
Only Virginia, the District of Columbia and Hawaii have thresholds -- each at $1,000 -- for the amount of water damage allowed before it must be disclosed on the vehicle's title, according to the National Consumer Law Center. At least nine other states require disclosure that a vehicle has been in a flood or suffered other water damage.
'Virginia's law is already one of the most lax in the country, and this bill would make our law arguably the worst,' said Del. Robin Abbott, D-Newport News.
If the damage is more than 75 percent of the vehicle's value, it would have to be salvaged and could not be driven again.
The Department of Motor Vehicles has not taken a position on the bill, but does believe the law needs updating, said Melanie Stokes, a spokeswoman for the agency. The department got together organizations representing the automobile insurance industry, car dealers and auto salvagers to come up with legislation. No consumer groups were represented.
'It's not a bill to cheat the consumer or open the door to more fraud; it just makes sense that the last time this minimum threshold was elevated was in 1966,' Lohr said.
Back then, most new cars cost less than $5,000, so $1,000 in damage was much greater than it is today, when leaving the sunroof open on a Mercedes for a few hours could do several thousand dollars in damage to its leather interior and wood paneling.
'All this does is it acknowledges that $1,000 damage from water in 1966 was much more catastrophic and much larger percentage of the value of the vehicle than it is today,' said Del. Bill Janis, R-Henrico.
Virginia Automotive Recyclers Association refused to comment on the bill, but provided a list of talking points that says the bills would save the DMV from having to inspect vehicles with minor water damage, and would help owners and dealers sell those cars.
Representatives of the auto dealer industry, which has donated more than $350,000 to political candidates over the past year, did not return calls and e-mails seeking comment.
Democrats chided Republicans for not wanting to raise taxes or fees to avoid massive cuts in public services due to a $4 billion budget shortfall because of the fear of hurting working Virginians while at the same time supporting a bill that would keep information about significant damage to vehicles from unsuspecting buyers.
'Would you want your daughter to know that that car had been flood damaged?' said Del. Joe Morrissey, D-Henrico. 'Would you like your daughter to know that the crank shaft had been filled with water, the transmission possibly damaged, the brakes damaged? This bill is simply about notice.'
Read or Share this story:
|
dclm_baseline
| 1,448,102
|
An Limonia mouicola in uska species han Diptera nga ginhulagway ni Alexander hadton 1948. An Limonia mouicola in nahilalakip ha genus nga Limonia, ngan familia nga Limoniidae. Waray hini subspecies nga nakalista.
Mga kasarigan
Limonia
|
common_corpus_web
| 832,500
|
vbscript cdo send message with smtp authentication won't allow variable in sending to field
recently added smtp authentication to our mail server and found a very funny thing. When using a variable in the to cdomessage.to field it will come back with error '8004020f'. However if I hardcode the email address it works fine. here is my code:
varEmail = "someoneelse@somesite.com"
set cdoMessage = CreateObject("CDO.Message")
set cdoConfig = CreateObject("CDO.Configuration")
With cdoConfig.Fields
.Item(cdoSendUsingMethod) = 2
.Item(cdoSMTPServer) = "localhost"
.Item(cdoSMTPServerPort) = 25
.Item(cdoSMTPconnectiontimeout) = 10
.Update
end With
CdoMessage.Configuration = cdoConfig
cdoMessage.Subject="NEW EMAIL"
cdoMessage.From="someone@somesite.com"
cdoMessage.To=varEmail
cdoMessage.TextBody="HELLO WORLD!"
cdoMessage.Send
set cdoMessage=nothing
set cdoConfig=nothing
How can I fix this so that I can use a variable in the cdoMessage.To field
And your error message is?
Try:
.Item(cdoSendUsingMethod) = cdoSendUsingPickup
Edit 2015/09/14: Looks like the link I posted further info the domain has been lost, check the wayback archive:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150518232254/http://classicasp.aspfaq.com/email/why-does-cdo-message-give-me-8004020f-errors.html
Also check out http://classicasp.aspfaq.com/email/why-does-cdo-message-give-me-8004020f-errors.html (NO LONGER WORKING)
link you posted lands on a page which doesn't look anywhere close to the topic
|
common_corpus_web
| 2,902,290
|
package com.morristaedt.mirror.configuration;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.support.annotation.NonNull;
import com.morristaedt.mirror.BuildConfig;
import com.morristaedt.mirror.requests.ForecastRequest;
/**
* ConfigurationSettings.java saves configuration items input into initial screen and is
* used by other parts of the program.
* Created by HannahMitt on 9/26/15.
* Updated by Lilyheart.
*/
public class ConfigurationSettings {
/*
* Hardcode on to enable features outside of their regularly scheduled hours
*/
private static final boolean DEMO_MODE = false;
private static final String PREFS_MIRROR = "MirrorPrefs";
private static final String FORECAST_UNITS = "forecast_units";
private static final String SHOW_CALENDAR = "show_calendar";
private static final String SHOW_XKCD = "xkcd";
private static final String INVERT_XKCD = "invert_xkcd";
private static final String LAT = "lat";
private static final String LON = "lon";
private static final String STATION = "station"; // Septa station ID
@NonNull
private SharedPreferences mSharedPrefs;
private String mForecastUnits;
private boolean mShowNextCalendarEvent;
private boolean mShowXKCD;
private boolean mInvertXKCD;
private String mLatitude;
private String mLongitude;
private String mStation;
/**
* The construction method
* @param context
*/
public ConfigurationSettings(Context context) {
mSharedPrefs = context.getSharedPreferences(PREFS_MIRROR, Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
readPrefs();
}
/**
* The readPrefs method reads the user input and stores them for future access.
*/
private void readPrefs() {
mForecastUnits = mSharedPrefs.getString(FORECAST_UNITS, ForecastRequest.UNITS_US);
mShowNextCalendarEvent = mSharedPrefs.getBoolean(SHOW_CALENDAR, false);
mShowXKCD = mSharedPrefs.getBoolean(SHOW_XKCD, false);
mInvertXKCD = mSharedPrefs.getBoolean(INVERT_XKCD, false);
mLatitude = mSharedPrefs.getString(LAT, "");
mLongitude = mSharedPrefs.getString(LON, "");
mStation = mSharedPrefs.getString(STATION, "");
}
/**
* The setIsCelsius method sets a SharedPreference based on the isCelsius boolean
* @param isCelsius
*/
public void setIsCelsius(boolean isCelsius) {
//Saves variable as SharedPreference
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mSharedPrefs.edit();
//Set the String value in the preferences editor
editor.putString(FORECAST_UNITS, isCelsius ? ForecastRequest.UNITS_SI : ForecastRequest.UNITS_US);
//Commit the changes
editor.apply();
}
/**
* The setShowNextCalendarEvent indicates if the user has selected to show the next calendar event.
* @param show boolean that indicates true if the calendar should be shown
*/
public void setShowNextCalendarEvent(boolean show) {
//Store entered text in variable
mShowNextCalendarEvent = show;
//Saves variable as SharedPreference
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mSharedPrefs.edit();
//Set the boolean value in the preferences editor
editor.putBoolean(SHOW_CALENDAR, show);
//Commit the changes
editor.apply();
}
/**
* The setXKCDPreference indicates if the user has selected to show the next XKCD and if the colors are to be inverted.
* @param showXKCD
* @param invertXKCDColors
*/
public void setXKCDPreference(boolean showXKCD, boolean invertXKCDColors) {
//Store entered text in variable
mShowXKCD = showXKCD;
mInvertXKCD = invertXKCDColors;
//Saves variable as SharedPreference
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mSharedPrefs.edit();
//Set the String value in the preferences editor
editor.putBoolean(SHOW_XKCD, showXKCD);
editor.putBoolean(INVERT_XKCD, invertXKCDColors);
//Commit the changes
editor.apply();
}
/**
* The setLatLon stores the latitude and longitude.
* @param latitude
* @param longitude
*/
public void setLatLon(String latitude, String longitude) {
//Store entered text in variable
mLatitude = latitude.trim();
mLongitude = longitude.trim();
//Saves variable as SharedPreference
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mSharedPrefs.edit();
//Set the String value in the preferences editor
editor.putString(LAT, mLatitude);
editor.putString(LON, mLongitude);
//Commit the changes
editor.apply();
}
/**
* The setStation method saves the station id entered by the user.
* @param station Station ID Number.
*/
public void setStation(String station) {
//Store entered text in variable
mStation = station.trim();
//Saves variable as SharedPreference
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = mSharedPrefs.edit();
//Set the String value in the preferences editor
editor.putString(STATION, mStation);
//Commit the changes
editor.apply();
}
/**
* The getIsCelsius method returns a boolean indicating if celsius is selected
* @return true if the units should be celsius
*/
public boolean getIsCelsius() {
return ForecastRequest.UNITS_SI.equals(mForecastUnits);
}
/**
* The getForecastUnits method returns the forecast units.
* @return the forecast unit
*/
public String getForecastUnits() {
return mForecastUnits;
}
/**
* The showNextCalendarEvent returns the next calendar event.
* @return true if the next calendar event should be shown.
*/
public boolean showNextCalendarEvent() {
return mShowNextCalendarEvent;
}
/**
* The showXKCD method returns true if XKCD should be shown.
* @return true if XKCD should be shown.
*/
public boolean showXKCD() {
return mShowXKCD;
}
/**
* the invertXKCD method returns true if XKCD colors should be inverted.
* @return true if the comic's colors should be inverted.
*/
public boolean invertXKCD() {
return mInvertXKCD;
}
/**
* The getLatitude method returns the latitude value.
* @return the latitude value.
*/
public String getLatitude() {
return mLatitude;
}
/**
* The getLongitude method returns the longitude value.
* @return the longitude value.
*/
public String getLongitude() {
return mLongitude;
}
/**
* the getStation method returns the Septa Station ID.
* @return the septa station ID.
*/
public String getStation() {
return mStation;
}
/**
* the isDebugBuild returns true if the build is a debug build.
* @return true if the build is a debug build.
*/
public static boolean isDebugBuild() {
return BuildConfig.DEBUG;
}
/**
* The idDemoMode returns true if the app is in demo mode.
* @return true if the app is in demo mode.
*/
public static boolean isDemoMode() {
return DEMO_MODE;
}
}
|
common_corpus_source
| 775,206
|
public class TestLine {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Line l1 = new Line(0, 0, 3, 4);
System.out.println(l1);
Point p1 = new Point(0, 0);
Point p2 = new Point(3, 4);
Line l2 = new Line(p1, p2);
System.out.println(l2);
}
}
|
the_stack
| 167,886
|
ICE CREEPERS AT J. L. Graef. THE NEW COLUMBIA PORTABLE PHONOGRAPH IS A WONDER OR TONE AND VOLUME. Schalerer’s Alaska Shop. THE GEM CIGAR STORE; Cigars, Candy, Soft Drinks, Stationery, Magazines, "CURLY" Proprietor, Orlander, Jeweler, Dealer in Watches and Clocks, Nugget Jewelry, Old Ivory, Curios, and a full line of goods usually carried in a first class Jewelry store. Watches Repaired on Short Notice, SPECIALIZE IN BUILDING SMALL BOATS. An effort is to be made by Jno. R. Malutin, local boat builder, to establish a permanent small boat building plant featuring the construction of power dories, fish dories, seine skiffs and tenders. Mr. Malutin states he will build according to the plans and specifications of those who wish a boat or from his own designs. Anyone contemplating the purchase or building of any of the above named are requested to get in touch with him. Gordon’s new store, in Juneau, will open its doors tomorrow for the first time. Gordon’s Gift Shop is its name. Hand-colored Alaska pictures at Sylvia’s. EVANGELISTIC SERVICES will be held in THE EPISCOPAL CHURCH SUNDAY School 11 A. M. Gospel Service 7:30 P. M. W. R. Macpherson will deliver the Message at the evening Service. Everybody invited. Jaundry Satisfaction Every Thursday the laundry is open to visitors who wish to inspect our plant. Seward Steam Laundry PHONE MAIN 148 HARRY KAWABE Prop. By the Sack or Carload Premier and mine run coal—Try it Healy Lump Nut or mine run Evan Jones Lump or mine run Nanimo Range coal in sack or bulk Alaska Transfer WOOD, ICE, HAY AND GRAIN Telephone Main 81, Arcade Building H. V. Hoben, A. F. Davis POLITICS WILL BE “TABOOED” BY THE NATIVES OF ALASKA METLAKATLA LEADER SAYS THE ALASKA NATIVE BROTHER HOOD TO QUIT POLITICS The abandonment of political activities by the Alaska Native Brotherhood and its development into a truly fraternal and social organization as was originally intended was forecast for the immediate future by Rev. Edward Marsden, Presbyterian missionary of Metlakatla, in an interview accorded the Juneau Empire. The Alaska Native Brotherhood was organized in 1914, Mr. Marsden said, for the purpose of bringing about a spirit of fraternity among the Indians of Alaska, to bring them more closely together, in order that they might aid in solving one another’s problems, to further their educational and moral advancement in all ways possible. In the minds of its founders there was no plea that it should ever become a partisan, political organization. It was Intended to be non-political and non-serretarian. In more recent years, he added, this conception of it has been forgotten. It has actively entered partisan politics. Its membership has been delivered as voters at the noils at the dictum of its leaders. "We pointed out these things to the Brotherhood at Sitka and it was with the understanding that the fraternal aims of the organization will again become its objective and its political activities cease." Metlakatla decided to resume its place in it," said Mr. Marsden. BANQUET SUNDAY In honor of the Anchorage girls’ basketball team now in Seward, the Seward team and high school students are tendering them a banquet Sunday evening at the Seward Grill. A plentiful supply in the Idita rod last season made for general prosperity. Excellent line of Columbia records at Sylvia’s. Newest of hits. FRATERNAL ORDERS SEWARD CHAPTER NO. 10, ORDER OF EASTERN STAR Meets the second and fourth Mondays of each month in Odd Fellows’ Hall at 8 p.m. Visiting members always welcome; Mrs. Anna Leslie, W.M.; SEWARD LODGE NO. 1425, L.O.O.M. Meets every first and third Friday each month at 8 p.m., at Odd Fellows’ Hall. All visiting members are welcome. PETER N. ANDERSON, Dictator. M. A. HORNER, Secretary. PIONEERS OF ALASKA L.O.O.F. Meets the first and third Mondays of each month in Odd Fellows’ Hall at 8:00 p.m. Visiting members are always welcome. P. N. Anderson, N.G., Ludvig Larsson, Sec'y. RESURRECTION LODGE NO. A-7, I.O.O.F. Meets every Thursday at 8:00 p.m. In Odd Fellows' Hall. Visiting brothers welcome. Ole Sendbek, N. G. Ludvig Lecirsson, Secretary. SEWARD LODGE NO. 219, F. & A. M. Stated communications first and third Tuesdays each month. Visiting brethren welcome. Henry Frost, W. M.; Martin Banbury, Secretary. A M WANT ALL THE DOPE Marking the interest with which Anchorage basketball fans have in the present series now being played here, the Anchorage Times has requested the Seward Gateway to cover fully, each of the three games. RAILROAD GROWTH Here’s an interesting item: In 1860 there were 30,000 miles of railroads in the United States. In 1890 there were 166,000 miles and in 1910 the total had been increased to 242,000 miles. It is now estimated that another 100,000 miles of railroads have been added since 1910. Ladies and Gents Tailoring and Hats Blocked, Adams 91. Peyser’s Tailor Shop. OSBORN’S ELECTRIC SHOP Seward, Alaska For service call Madison 123 House wiring, boat wiring and repairing. We stock up-to-date light fixtures TABLE AND FLOOR LAMPS Electrical appliances, wiring materials, radio batteries, tubes and supplies EDISON MAZDA LAMPS Any size and voltage Mail orders promptly attended MAGAZINE AND NEWSPAPER SUBSCRIPTIONS TAKEN. Schalinger’s Alaska Shop. SEWARD’S POPULAR EATING PLACE Short orders and regular dinners ALSO A LA CARTE ORDERS SEWARD GRILL Mel Holben, Prop. ‘HOTEL SEWARD’ Hot and Cold Water in All Rooms Rooms With or Without Baths Oscar Dahl—Paul Svedeen THERE is no better place than the SEWARD BAKERY to secure palatable pleasing and appetizing lunches, bread and pastries Phone Madison 82. FORD BATTERIES $9:50 13 plate On Conditional Guarantee A shipment of these new Ford Batteries were recently Recieved and while they last will go at the above price. 1 Seward Machine Shop Chas. Lechner, Ford Agent.
|
common_corpus_culture
| 330,265
|
Study sheds new light on potential habit-forming properties of tramadol
Prescription pain killer abuse is a major public health problem in the U.S. In 2010, more individuals over the age of 12 reported nonmedical use of prescription pain relievers in the past month than use of cocaine, methamphetamine or heroin.
"Prescription pain pill abuse is a real problem in Kentucky. We have lots of overdoses. We held a summit here in February specifically about partnering law enforcement and medicine to tackle this problem," said lead study author William W. Stoops of the UK College of Medicine Department of Behavioral Science, the UK Center on Drug and Alcohol Research (CDAR) and the UK College of Arts and Sciences Department of Psychology.
Other UK authors include: Michelle R. Lofwall, Paul A. Nuzzo, Lori B. Craig, Anthony J. Siegel and Sharon L. Walsh.
The study utilized a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Participants were given one of 12 possible dose combinations of placebo, tramadol, naltrexone and hydromorphone. Naltrexone is an opioid receptor blocker, used to attenuate the effects of opioid medications. Following drug administration, participants were evaluated based on self-reported measures, observer-reported measures, ocular measurements (such as pupil dilation) and performance tasks. Ten participants completed the study.
It was expected that if both tramadol and hydromorphone (Dilaudid-), a common opioid analgesic, acted similarly upon the nervous system, administering naltrexone would mitigate the effects of both drugs in a similar fashion. What was found was that while participants given both hydromorphone and naltrexone reported a lack of influence by the drug, patients taking tramadol and naltrexone reported still feeling "high". Participants who received hydropmorphone or tramadol with placebo also reported feeling affected.
"When we've given them placebo and the opioid receptors are not blocked, tramadol and hydromorphone produce fairly similar effects," said Stoops. "They make subjects say that they're high, they make subjects say that they like the drug, those kind of things. Tramadol does produce some bad effects; folks are saying that it makes them a little nauseous so it is a little distinct from hydromorphone in that manner, which is important. When we gave folks naltrexone, when we blocked those opioid receptors, hydromorphone didn't produce any effects, it was like we'd given them placebo. It completely blocked the effects of hydromorphone because the primary way hydromorphone works is on the opioid receptors in the brain; they're blocked so of course hydoromorphone isn't going to produce an effect. With tramadol, we did not see anywhere near the blockaded effect that we saw with hydromorphone. We need to test a higher naltrexone dose to confirm that this is the case."
The overall results of the study indicated that on measures such as "liking" and "street value," participants rated tramadol highly, suggesting an increased potential for abuse. However, in order to reach these favorable ratings, participants had to take doses well above the normal therapeutic range, and into a range which also produced several negative side effects such as gastrointestinal illness, vomiting and feeling unwell.
"The important thing about this is I think we all assumed that any abuse of tramadol or any abuse potential tramadol had was because of the way it activated the opioid receptors in the brain and that may not be the case," said Stoops "It's pretty well accepted that with opioid drugs like oxycodone, hydromorphone and hydrocodone, when you block the opioid receptors in the brain, folks aren't going to abuse the drug. That is not the case for tramadol. Opioid receptors are important in tramadol use and abuse, but they appear to not be the entire story."
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Renishaw to shine light on MDR update at Digital Symposium
|
dclm_baseline
| 3,040,580
|
online casino Australia
GET AU $1400 FREE Only at Casino-MateCasino
Claim yours now!
Aussie Woman to be Questioned on Las Vegas Shooting
After the events of Sunday night in Las Vegas where Stephen Paddock opened fire on festival-goers, Marilou Danley became a person of interest to the FBI. However, she was not in the country when the massacre happened.
According to reports, this ex-Gold Coast woman is known to be Paddock’s girlfriend. She was living with him in Mesquite, North of Las Vegas. The FBI located her and found that she was in the Philippines. She has been called and arrived in the US for questioning.
In the days before the shooting, Paddock had transferred $100 000 (AU$128120,00) to the Philippines. He then checked into the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino.
Las Vegas shooter's girlfriends has been called in for questioning in the US
Queensland Man Has Met the Las Vegas Shooter
Jordan Knights has met Paddock when he went to visit Danley who is his aunt in the US. According to him, there was nothing about the man that raised any eyebrows. He also mentioned that Paddock did not look like someone who would know about guns.
Knights believes that his Aunt would have had nothing to do with what happened.
Family Receiving Death Threats
Once it was revealed that Danley is connected to Paddock, internet trolls started making death threats to the family. The family includes her children from the previous marriage and their father. One of the daughters said that her father does not know who Paddock was and why he committed the crime.
The police in Las Vegas are in the process of investigating the tragedy. Hence, Danley has been called for questioning. Paddock, unfortunately, turned the gun on himself after he finished with the shooting of the festival attendees. The police also found out that the Las Vegas shooter used Danley’s hotel card at the Mandalay Bay Resort and Casino.
Casino Aus will keep you updated on the news not only about local casinos and online gaming sites but also news that you should know about.
|
dclm_baseline
| 3,162,618
|
@page "{name}"
@model WEB.Shop.UI.Pages.ProductModel
<div class="container">
<div class="container m-auto p-5" id="section2">
<h3 class="text-center m-5">Witaj na stronie produktu!</h3>
<div class="row">
<div class="col m-auto">
<img class="" src="~/images/icons8-add-shopping-cart-100.png" />
<p>
Dodaj produkt do koszyka i sprawdź ile mógłbyś zapłacić korzystając z promocji.
</p>
</div>
<div class="col m-auto">
<img class="" src="~/images/icons8-online-shop-card-payment-100.png" />
<p>
Sprawdź produkt bezpośrednio na stronie sklepu.
</p>
</div>
<div class="col m-auto">
<img class="" src="~/images/icons8-undo-100 -2.png" />
<p>
Wróć do wyszukiwarki.
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row p-5">
<div class="col-12 ">
<div class="card m-auto product-card">
<div class="pc-body">
<h4 class="pt-2 ml-4">@Model.Product.Seller</h4>
<p class="pt-2 ml-4">@Model.Product.Name</p>
<h5 class="text-danger font-weight-bold pt-2 ml-4">@Model.Product.Value</h5>
</div>
<div class="discount-2">
<p class="discount-1 font-weight-bold text-dark">@($"{String.Format("-{0:P0}", Model.Product.Discount)}")</p>
</div>
<form method="post">
<input type="hidden" value="@Model.Product.Id" name="id" />
<button data-toggle="tooltip" title="Dodaj do koszyka" class="button-img cart-2" type="submit"></button>
</form>
<a data-toggle="tooltip" title="Przejdź na stronę sklepu" href="@Model.Product.SourceUrl" target="_blank" class="shop-2">
<img src="~/images/icons8-online-shop-card-payment-100.png" />
</a>
<a class="return" data-toggle="tooltip" title="Wróć" asp-page-handler="Return">
<img src="~/images/icons8-undo-100 -2.png" />
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
|
the_stack
| 22,257
|
How to get the current caret position in a contenteditable div in UIWebView
I want to insert a image into a contentedible div in a UIWebView.
However, in iOS 7, when keyboard shows, the UIWebView loses focus. Thus I have to record the caret position before showing the keyboard, and then insert the image at that position.
Could anyone tell me how to achieve this?
Did you able to get caret position ?
|
common_corpus_web
| 3,828,567
|
December 8, 2005 in Nation/World
Marshal kills man
John Pain Associated Press
Associated Press photo
Passengers exit an American Airlines jet in Miami after a passenger who claimed to have a bomb was shot and killed by a federal air marshal Wednesday.
(Full-size photo)
MIAMI – An agitated passenger who claimed to have a bomb in his backpack was shot and killed by a federal air marshal Wednesday after he bolted frantically from a jetliner that was boarding for takeoff, officials said. No bomb was found.
It was the first time since the Sept. 11 attacks that an air marshal had shot at anyone, Homeland Security Department spokesman Brian Doyle said. Another federal official said there was no apparent link to terrorism.
According to a witness, the passenger ran down the aisle of the Boeing 757, flailing his arms, while his wife tried to explain that he was mentally ill and had not taken his medication.
Alpizar, a 44-year-old U.S. citizen, was gunned down on a jetway outside the American Airlines plane, which was parked at a gate at Miami International Airport. Alpizar had arrived earlier in the day from Quito, Ecuador, and Flight 924 was going to Orlando, near his home in Maitland.
Relatives said Alpizar and his wife had been on a working vacation in Peru. A neighbor who said he had been asked to watch the couple’s home described the vacation as a missionary trip.
The shooting occurred shortly after 2 p.m. as Flight 924 was about to take off for Orlando with the man and 119 other passengers and crew, American spokesman Tim Wagner said.
After the shooting, investigators spread passengers’ bags on the tarmac and let dogs sniff them for explosives, and bomb squad members blew up at least two bags.
Federal officials declined to say how many times Alpizar was shot, or reveal how many air marshals were on the plane.
There were only 33 air marshals at the time of the Sept. 11 attacks. The Bush administration hired thousands more afterward, but the exact number is classified.
Marshals fly undercover, and which planes they’re on is a closely guarded secret. Until Wednesday, no marshal had fired a weapon, though they had been involved in scores of incidents.
Get stories like this in a free daily email
|
dclm_baseline
| 104,469
|
# LedControlSpipESP8266
Library for controlling Led matrix displays with MAX7219 using NodeMCU or ESP8266 Modules
|
the_stack
| 288,306
|
Here are the top 5 viral videos of the week:
5. He’s seldom used and often injured Detroit Lions’ wide receiver Ryan Broyles has some impressive hands.
4. Prince Fielder belly flops while trying to field foul ball.
3. While previewing The Masters, Holly Sonders shined in a short dress and her legs look killer.
2. Jack Nicklaus thrilled the crowd Wednesday at the annual Masters par-3 contest, making a hole-in-one on the fourth hole.
1. For some reason, Cardale Jones is wearing shoulder pads and a helmet, as a bunch of teammates push him around.
Which video is your favorite?
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|
dclm_baseline
| 30,801
|
<?php
/*
* This file is part of the core-library package.
*
* (c) 2020 WEBEWEB
*
* For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
* file that was distributed with this source code.
*/
namespace WBW\Library\Traits\Tests\Strings;
use WBW\Library\Traits\Tests\AbstractTestCase;
use WBW\Library\Traits\Tests\Fixtures\Strings\TestStringTokenTrait;
/**
* String token trait test.
*
* @author webeweb <https://github.com/webeweb>
* @package WBW\Library\Traits\Tests\Strings
*/
class StringTokenTraitTest extends AbstractTestCase {
/**
* Tests setToken()
*
* @return void
*/
public function testSetToken(): void {
$obj = new TestStringTokenTrait();
$obj->setToken("token");
$this->assertEquals("token", $obj->getToken());
}
}
|
common_corpus_source
| 1,019,282
|
fileFormatVersion: 2
guid: c08adbb54aca19e45b99525e1bf4b378
timeCreated: 1492975698
licenseType: Free
NativeFormatImporter:
userData:
assetBundleName:
assetBundleVariant:
|
the_stack
| 443,500
|
End of preview.
YAML Metadata
Warning:
empty or missing yaml metadata in repo card
(https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/datasets-cards)
Mixed Dataset Summary
Generated on 2025-11-12 21:12:06 UTC.
- Total samples: 3,264,000
- Train samples: 3,100,799
- Validation samples: 163,201
- Train fraction: 0.95
- Shuffle seed: 98482
| Source | Dataset ID | Samples |
|---|---|---|
| math_pile | bluelightai-dev/MathPile_Commercial-formatted | 96,000 |
| dclm_baseline | bluelightai-dev/dclm-full-deduped-sample | 2,048,000 |
| common_corpus_culture | bluelightai-dev/common-corpus-sample-open-culture | 64,000 |
| common_corpus_government | bluelightai-dev/common-corpus-sample-open-government | 64,000 |
| common_corpus_science | bluelightai-dev/common-corpus-sample-open-science | 96,000 |
| common_corpus_source | bluelightai-dev/common-corpus-sample-open-source | 256,000 |
| common_corpus_web | bluelightai-dev/common-corpus-sample-open-web | 256,000 |
| the_stack | bluelightai-dev/the-stack-dedup-sample | 384,000 |
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