text stringlengths 200 151k | id stringlengths 32 47 | url stringlengths 4 6.23k ⌀ | source stringclasses 12 values | quality float32 0 0.86 | edu_score float32 0 4.15 | reasoning_score float32 0 1 | topic stringclasses 12 values | doc_type stringclasses 7 values | word_count int32 6 16.7k |
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- Scientific Name: Astilbe
- Garden: Dog Friendly Garden
- Plant Type: Herbaceous Perennial
- Evergreen/Deciduous: Deciduous
- Sun/Shade Exposure: Part Shade to Full Shade
- Moisture Requirements: Moist, well-drained
Astilbe have been cultivated since the late 1700s and have become a staple in the shade garden. They offer a feathery texture with the foliage and great vertical, fluffy spires of flowers.
Blooms in June, July, or August come in shades of pink, lavender, red, and white and are wonderful as cut flowers when many blooms of the shade garden have past.
Besides their lovely appearance, Astilbe are one of the best choices for the ever-so-common semi-shady moist spot in the garden. With that in mind, they combine well with Hosta, Acorus, Ligularia, ferns, Pulmonaria, and Japanese iris. Since they have been admired for centuries there is an overwhelming array of varieties and hybrids available.
Culture: Astilbe are hardy, deciduous perennials that thrive in partial or dappled shade and moist soils. They can grow in well-drained soils with regular water and along the moist edge of a pond. It is essential Astilbe do not dry out in summer.
Maintenance: Astilbe require little maintenance other than division of old plants when the center of the clump dies out (about every three years). Encourage maximum blooms with yearly fertilizing with compost and/or a granular all-purpose fertilizer.
Additional qualities: Attracts butterflies, hummingbirds and beneficial insects. Deer resistant. Good cut flowers. Tolerates moist soil.
Pest and Disease: As with other members of the Saxifrage family, Astilbes are susceptible to root weevil. They can be controlled with beneficial nematodes in the spring. | <urn:uuid:b2b00ce3-c879-4c65-9df1-9a3c0d5641a6> | https://clarkgreenneighbors.org/green-living/plant-library/item/astilbe | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.378 | 2.298828 | 0.1873 | general | expository | 267 |
I'm trying to find the conditional probability of with 4 separate events. For example, I want to find:
P(A| B,C,D) and also all of the different variations of this i.e [P(B|A,C,D) etc.].
I've started out by finding the union of B, C, D (U) through p(B) + p(C) + p(D) - p(BC) - p(BD) - p(CD) + p(BC*D).
But I'm confused on what I should do next. Could someone please explain to me how I find:
P(A|U) = P(A) * P(U|A) / P(U) ==> I think I'm confused on the P(U|A) part.
• 1
$\begingroup$ What is the meaning of $P(A|B,C,D)$? $\endgroup$ – Xi'an Jan 5 at 17:37
Depends what you mean by "B,C,D"; if you mean B AND C AND D, that's an intersection (union corresponds to OR).
Supposing you mean B AND C AND D, the basic Bayesian formula applies as follows:
$$ P(A|(B\cap C\cap D))=\frac{P(A\cap B\cap C\cap D)}{P(B\cap C\cap D)} $$
It is true that this also equals
$$ \frac{P(A)P((B\cap C\cap D)|A)}{P(B\cap C\cap D)} $$
Whether this is a useful equality depends on which of the various terms you have values for.
Your Answer
| <urn:uuid:334da128-bc3d-4bfb-b36b-1b2b97247437> | https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/503583/conditional-probabilities-with-multiple-events | dclm_baseline | 0.3475 | 1.335938 | 0.5348 | technology | expository | 187 |
# Confusion about relationship between continuous and real analytic functions
By Weierstraß aprroximation theorem, every continuous function can be $$\epsilon$$-approximated by a polynomial, i.e., if $$f:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}$$ is a continuous function, then for all $$\epsilon>0$$ there exists a polynomial $$P:[a,b]\to\mathbb{R}$$ such that $$d_{\infty} (P,f) < \epsilon$$ (or using the definition of the metric $$\forall \epsilon>0 \quad \forall x \in [a,b] \quad \exists P: \quad |P(x) - f(x)|<\epsilon$$).
But doesn't this imply that every continuous function can be represented as infinite polynomial, and is thus real analytic. I know that every real analytic function is continuous and even infinitely differentiable, but not the other way around. So where am I assuming somthing which is not true?
## 3 Answers
No, that's not true. The function $$f$$ being analytic means that around any point $$x_0$$ you can write it as a power series $$f(x)=\sum_{n=0}^\infty a_n(x-x_0)^n$$ which converges for some positive radius. It means here you have the sequence of polynomials $$P_N(x)=\sum_{n=0}^N a_n(x-x_0)^n$$ which converges to $$f$$ at some radius around $$x_0$$. In this sequence the "first" coefficients are preserved, you just add more terms every time. You don't get that result from Weierstrass theorem. All you know if that given a continuous function defined on a compact interval there is a sequence of polynomials which converges to it uniformly. Maybe the coefficients of the different polynomials in the sequence have nothing to do with each other. So you might not able to build a power series from this sequence of polynomials.
• Wow perfect, thanks. I get it now. Feb 15 '19 at 12:50
The function $$f:(0,1)\to \mathbb{R}$$ defined by, $$f(x)=e^{-\frac{1}{x^2}}$$ is smooth on $$(0,1)$$ but is not real analytic i.e. has no power series expansion. Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-analytic_smooth_function
Weierstrass says that given a continuous $$f$$ on $$[a,b],$$ there is a sequence $$p_n$$ of polynomials such that $$p_n\to f$$ uniformly on $$[a,b].$$ It follows from this that
$$\tag 1 f(x) = p_1(x)+ \sum_{n=2}^{\infty} (p_n(x)-p_{n-1}(x)),$$
the series converging uniformly on $$[a,b].$$ In this sense $$f$$ is an infinite series of polynomials. As pointed out by others, this does not imply $$f$$ has a power series representation. | 2805b1d5a257b87fab2a52585ab25842 | https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/3113843/confusion-about-relationship-between-continuous-and-real-analytic-functions | open_web_math | 0.3773 | 1.779297 | 0.4274 | mathematics | argument | 351 |
Edelweiss - Fotolia
A bridge connects two LANs within a single domain, using Media Access Control addresses to determine destinations. Bridge traffic is non-routable, meaning data cannot move outside of the joined networks, or domain. Now, let's dissect the difference between a bridge and router.
A router also connects two LANs and moves traffic via IP addresses. Routers have the intelligence to determine the next network point if the address is not within its managed pool of endpoints. Routers understand the state of the connected networks and where to forward non-local packets.
Features of a bridge
Bridges are essentially repeaters. They send any data from one network to another. A simple bridge will have two ports -- in and out -- and will only connect two networks. A multiport bridge would provide bridging between multiple networks. Bridges use filtering tables to decide if a frame should be forwarded or dropped, based on whether it is included in the pool of connected clients.
Features of a router
Unlike a bridge, if a router receives a packet that is not destined for a connected client, it will forward that packet onward. Routers depend on a routing table in order to know the next destination if it is outside the pool of addresses that the router is maintaining.
A typical router will have a WAN interface along with a LAN interface. The WAN connection is for all traffic outside of the router's pool, and the LAN connection is for local clients. A router is located at any gateway -- where one network meets another -- including each point of presence on the internet. Some consumer routers combine a network switch as well.
Can I replace a bridge with a router?
Because both bridges and routers connect networks together, they can be interchangeable to a degree. A router could replace a bridge, connecting two networks. But it does not make sense to replace a router with a bridge because routers can forward non-local traffic and bridges will simply drop traffic for addresses not in their local tables.
Learn about the differences between a bridge and switch
Dig Deeper on Network Infrastructure
Related Q&A from John Fruehe
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Network automation certifications and training include vendor-specific commercial credentials, as well as open source options. Which career path is ... Continue Reading
Edge computing can reduce processing times and improve application performance, but the architecture has its issues. Here are eight challenges edge ... Continue Reading | <urn:uuid:bfb67b15-65bf-4e7e-a9f8-c2159c3ddee7> | https://www.techtarget.com/searchnetworking/answer/What-is-the-difference-between-a-bridge-and-a-router | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.4922 | 3.019531 | 0.2315 | general | expository | 432 |
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
____________________________________
JOE MYERESS, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 18-0109 (PLF)
)
PROAM DANCE TEAM NYC LLC, )
)
Defendant. )
____________________________________)
OPINION AND ORDER
This matter is before the Court on Mr. Myeress’ motion for entry of final
judgment by default [Dkt. No. 8]. Having considered Mr. Myeress’ arguments, the relevant legal
authorities, and the entire record in this case, the Court will deny Mr. Myeress’ motion without
prejudice. 1
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Joe Myeress is a commercial and fine art photographer who resides in
Sarasota, Florida. See Compl. ¶ 1. According to Mr. Myeress, defendant ProAm Dance Team
NYC LLC (“ProAm”) is a “dance company for amateurs and professionals,” founded as a
limited liability company and “existing under the laws of the state of New York, with
1
The Court has reviewed the following filings in resolving the pending motion:
Complaint for Copyright Infringement (“Compl.”) [Dkt. No. 1]; Affidavit of Service (“Aff.
Serv.”) [Dkt. No. 3]; Request for Entry of Default (“Request”) [Dkt. No. 5]; Clerk’s Entry of
Default (“Default”) [Dkt. No. 7]; Plaintiff’s Motion for Entry of Final Judgment by Default
(“Mot. J. Def.”) [Dkt. No. 8]; and Declaration of Joe Myeress (“Dec. Joe Myeress”) [Dkt. No. 9].
headquarters in New York, New York.” See id. ¶ 2. Mr. Myeress has brought suit against
ProAm alleging copyright infringement under federal copyright laws. See id. ¶¶ 3-4, 15-23.
The facts according to Mr. Myeress are as follows. In October 2009, Mr. Myeress
created a photograph of the American Airlines Arena in Miami. See Compl. ¶ 8. That
photograph, he states, is copyrighted; he registered it with the United States Copyright Office on
April 8, 2015. See id. ¶¶ 9, 12. Mr. Myeress contends that beginning on or about September 1,
2016, ProAm copied the photograph and uploaded it to ProAm’s social media websites. See id.
¶¶ 13-14. 2 According to Mr. Myeress, ProAm altered the photograph before uploading it,
cropping out his name – the “copyright management information” – from the bottom right corner
of the photograph. See id. ¶¶ 14, 22.
Although he generally licenses his copyrighted photographs for commercial use,
Mr. Myeress asserts that he “is the sole copyright holder of [the photograph in question] and has
never entered into an agreement with an individual, business, or other entity to transfer or share
copyright in the [photograph].” See Compl. ¶¶ 1, 9. ProAm’s actions, therefore, allegedly
constitute (1) infringement of copyright pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 101 et seq., and (2) removal and
alteration of integrity of copyright management information pursuant to 17 U.S.C. § 1202. See
id. ¶¶ 15-23. Mr Myeress requests that the Court: declare that ProAm violated Mr. Myeress’
rights under the Federal Copyright Act; immediately and permanently enjoin ProAm from
copying and republishing Mr. Myeress’ photograph without his consent; order ProAm to turn
over all profits derived from its infringement of Mr. Myeress’ copyright; award Mr. Myeress
2
The Court notices a discrepancy in the facts presented by Mr. Myeress.
According to the Declaration of Joe Myeress, ProAm copied and posted the photograph in
question to ProAm’s social media websites beginning on or about January 1, 2017, not
September 1, 2016, as alleged in his Complaint. See Dec. Joe Myeress ¶ 9; Compl. ¶ 13.
2
actual and/or maximum allowable statutory damages; award Mr. Myeress the cost of this suit,
including reasonable attorneys’ fees; and any other relief that the Court deems just and proper.
See id. at 6.
On January 18, 2019, the Clerk of Court issued electronically a summons [Dkt.
No. 2] addressed to ProAm Dance Team NYC LLC and directed to the attention of Olga
Nesterova at 244 West 54th Street, New York, NY 10019. Mr. Myeress then filed an affidavit of
service dated March 13, 2018 and signed by Ambiko Wallace, a process server. See Aff. Serv.
at 1. The affidavit states that on March 9, 2018, Ambiko Wallace served copies of the summons
and complaint on ProAm, care of the District of Columbia Department of Consumer and
Regulatory Affairs (“DCRA”) in accordance with D.C. Code Section 29-104.12. See id. at 1.
Subsequently, Mr. Myeress requested that the Clerk of Court enter default against
ProAm pursuant to Rule 55(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Request at 1. In
support of that request, Mr. Myeress submitted an affidavit written by his lawyer, David C. Deal,
which stated that ProAm had “failed to appear, plead, or otherwise defend within the time
allowed.” See id. at 2. 3 The Clerk of Court entered default as to ProAm Dance Team NYC LLC
on April 3, 2018. See Default. Mr. Myeress then filed a motion for entry of final judgment by
default pursuant to Rules 55(b) and 58(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Mot. J.
3
The Court notes another discrepancy in the facts. In Mr. Deal’s affidavit in
support of Mr. Myeress’ request for entry of default, he states that ProAm “was served with a
copy of the summons and complaint on February 27, 2018, as reflected on the docket sheet by
the proof of service filed on March 17, 2018.” See Request at 2. The proof of service filed on
March 17, 2018, however, is the same Affidavit of Service evidencing that Ambiko Wallace
served ProAm through the D.C. Department of Consumer and Regulatory Affairs (“DCRA”).
See Aff. Serv. at 1. The Affidavit of Service states that Ambiko Wallace served the DCRA on
March 9, 2018, not February 27, 2018. See id. at 1.
3
Def. at 1. He requests judgment for $15,000 in statutory damages and an injunction against
ProAm. See id. 4
II. LEGAL STANDARD
Rule 55 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides the Court with the
discretion to enter a default judgment on the request of a party. See FED. R. CIV. P. 55; see also
Braun v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 228 F. Supp. 3d 64, 74 (D.D.C. 2017). As a foundational
matter, however, “[d]efault judgments are generally disfavored by courts,” because there is a
strong policy favoring the adjudication of a case on its merits. See Strong-Fisher v. LaHood, 611
F. Supp. 2d. 49, 51 (D.D.C. 2009); see also Webb v. District of Columbia, 146 F.3d 964, 971
(D.C. Cir. 1998) (“[A] default judgment must be a ‘sanction of last resort,’ to be used only when
less onerous methods . . . will be ineffective or obviously futile.” (quoting Shea v. Donohoe
Constr. Co., 795 F.2d 1071, 1075 (D.C. Cir. 1986))); Halbig v. Sebelius, Civil Action No.
13-0623 (PLF), 2013 WL 12318483 (D.D.C. Oct. 15, 2013). Thus, “default judgment must
normally be viewed as available only when the adversary process has been halted because of an
essentially unresponsive party.” See Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831, 836 (D.D.C. 1980)
(quoting H.F. Livermore Corp. v. Aktiengesselschaft Gebruder Loepfe, 432 F.2d 689, 691 (D.C.
Cir. 1970)).
To obtain the entry of a default judgment, a party must undertake a two-part
process. See FED. R. CIV. P. 55. First, the party requests the Clerk of Court to enter a default.
See Serv. Emps. Int’l Union Health and Welfare Fund v. N. Am. Cleaning Servs. Co., 264 F.
4
In his motion for default judgment, Mr. Myeress requests two different sums of
damages – $15,000 and $9,600. See Mot. J. Def. at 1, 10.
4
Supp. 3d 1, 3-4 (D.D.C. 2017). Rule 55(a) provides that “[w]hen a party against whom a
judgment for affirmative relief is sought has failed to plead or otherwise defend, and that failure
is shown by affidavit or otherwise, the clerk must enter the party’s default.” See FED. R. CIV.
P. 55(a). Once default is entered, the factual allegations asserted in the complaint are “deemed
admitted.” See Serv. Emps. Int’l Union Health and Welfare Fund v. N. Am. Cleaning Servs.
Co., 264 F. Supp. 3d at 4. Second, the plaintiff then may seek a default judgment, either from
the clerk “[i]f the plaintiff’s claim is for a sum certain or a sum that can be made certain by
computation” or from the court “in all other cases.” See FED. R. CIV. P. 55(b). Default judgment
may be entered only when “personal jurisdiction is properly exercised over defendants.” See
Braun v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 228 F. Supp. 3d at 75; see also Herbin v. Seau, 317 F. Supp.
3d 568, 571 (D.D.C. 2018) (“[A court] should satisfy itself that it has personal jurisdiction before
entering judgment against an absent defendant.” (quoting Mwani v. bin Laden, 417 F.3d 1, 6
(D.C. Cir. 2005))); Cohen v. Islamic Republic of Iran, 238 F. Supp. 3d 71, 79 (D.D.C. 2017);
10A CHARLES ALAN WRIGHT, ARTHUR R. MILLER & MARY KAY KANE, FEDERAL PRACTICE
& PROCEDURE § 2682 (4th ed. 2018).
III. DISCUSSION
On April 3, 2018, the Clerk of Court declared ProAm to be in default. See
Default. Mr. Myeress now requests that the Court enter a default judgment. See Mot. Def. J.
The fact that the Clerk of Court has entered default against ProAm does not end the Court’s
inquiry. The Court may “set aside the entry of default if no judgment has been entered when
good cause is shown.” See Van De Berg v. Social Sec. Admin., 254 F.R.D. 144, 145 (D.D.C.
2008); see also Judd v. F.C.C., 276 F.R.D. 1, 5 (D.D.C. 2011); FED. R. CIV. P. 55(c). “The
5
decision to set aside an entry of default rests in the discretion of the district court.” Van De Berg
v. Social Sec. Admin., 254 F.R.D. at 145 (citing Keegel v. Key West & Caribbean Trading Co.,
627 F.2d 372, 373 (D.C. Cir. 1980)). Here, no judgment has yet been entered, and the Court
concludes that there is good cause to set aside the entry of default.
A default “cannot be entered where there was insufficient service of process.”
See Scott v. District of Columbia, 598 F. Supp. 2d 30, 36 (D.D.C. 2009) (“Although default may
be entered upon a defendant’s failure to plead or otherwise defend, . . . a defendant’s obligation
to respond to a complaint arises only upon service of the summons and complaint.” (citing FED.
R. CIV. P. 55(a), 12(a))). Valid service of process serves two purposes: to assert personal
jurisdiction over a defendant and to notify the defendant that a party has commenced legal action
against it. See Williams v. GEICO Corp., 792 F. Supp. 2d 58, 65 (D.D.C. 2011); see also Toms
v. Hantman, 530 F. Supp. 2d 188, 190 (D.D.C. 2008) (“Before a court may exercise personal
jurisdiction over a defendant, the procedural requirement of proper service of summons must be
satisfied to assure notice to the defendant.”). Proper service of process therefore “is not some
mindless technicality.” See Williams v. GEICO Corp., 792 F. Supp. 2d at 65 (quoting Friedman
v. Estate of Presser, 929 F.2d 1151, 1156 (6th Cir. 1991)).
The plaintiff has the burden of proving proper service. See Mann v. Castiel, 729
F. Supp. 2d 191, 194 (D.D.C. 2010) (citing FED. R. CIV. P. 4(l)). In order to effect proper
service, the plaintiff must serve a summons and a copy of the complaint within the time allowed
by Rule 4(m) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See FED. R. CIV. P. 4(c)(1). Rule 4(m)
provides, in relevant part, that “[i]f a defendant is not served within 90 days after the complaint
is filed, the court – on motion or on its own after notice to the plaintiff – must dismiss the action
6
without prejudice against that defendant or order that service be made within a specified time.”
See FED. R. CIV. P. 4(m).
In this case, Mr. Myeress has filed an affidavit of service, signed by Ambiko
Wallace on March 13, 2018, to evidence proper service. See Aff. Serv. at 1. In the affidavit,
Ambiko Wallace states that he or she served ProAm Dance Team NYC LLC on March 9, 2018,
through the DCRA in accordance with D.C. Code Section 29-104.12. See id. at 1. The question
before the Court, therefore, is whether this constitutes proper service on ProAm.
Mr. Myeress has brought this action in the District of Columbia against ProAm,
which is, according to Mr. Myeress, a limited liability company founded and headquartered in
New York. See Compl. ¶ 2. Rule 4(h) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure governs service
on a corporation, partnership, or association. See FED. R. CIV. P. 4(h). As relevant here, Rule
4(h) provides that “[u]nless federal law provides otherwise,” a domestic or foreign corporation
must be served in a judicial district of the United States either: (A) “in the manner prescribed by
Rule 4(e)(1) for serving an individual” or (B) “by delivering a copy of the summons and of the
complaint to an officer, a managing or general agent, or any other agent authorized by
appointment or by law to receive service of process and – if the agent is one authorized by statute
and the statute so requires – by also mailing a copy of each to the defendant.” See FED. R. CIV.
P. 4(h)(1)(A), (B). As will be discussed, there is no indication in the record that a copy of the
summons or complaint was delivered to an officer of ProAm or its authorized agent. Thus, the
analysis must proceed by determining whether ProAm was served consistent with Rule 4(e)(1)
– that is, in the proper manner for serving an individual.
Rule 4(e)(1) allows for an individual to be served by following state law for
service in the state where the district court is located or where service is made. See FED. R. CIV.
7
P. 4(e)(1). The affidavit of service filed by Mr. Myeress evidences that the process server
intended to comply with the laws of the District of Columbia – where the district court is located.
Thus, the Court must determine whether ProAm was properly served under the laws of the
District of Columbia.
The Court therefore turns to the D.C. Superior Court Rules of Civil Procedure
governing service, which is the analogue of Rule 4(h) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
As relevant, the Rules of the D.C. Superior Court provide that a domestic or foreign corporation
may be served “in the manner prescribed by [local] Rule 4(e)(1) for serving an individual” or by
delivering a copy of the summons and complaint to an agent authorized by law to receive service
of process and, if applicable, by mailing a copy of each to the defendant. See D.C. SUPER. CT. R.
CIV. P. 4(h)(1)(A), (B). Those rules, therefore, “look to some other source of law to define the
parameters of permissible service upon an ‘agent authorized . . . by law to receive service of
process.’” See Robinson v. Ergo Sols., LLC, 10 F. Supp. 3d 157, 161 (D.D.C. 2014) (quoting
D.C. SUPER. CT. R. CIV. P. 4(h)(2)).
Mr. Myeress alleges that ProAm was served consistent with D.C. Code Section
29-104.12. See Aff. Serv. Section 29-104.12 states that an entity may be served by serving its
registered agent. See D.C. Code § 29-104.12(a). Under this provision of the D.C. Code, “[i]f the
entity fails to designate or maintain a registered agent in the District as required by law, . . . the
Mayor shall be an agent of the entity upon whom any process against the entity may be served.”
See D.C. Code § 29-104.12(d). The Mayor of the District of Columbia has designated the
Superintendent of Corporations at the DCRA as her designee in those instances. See
Designation of Officers to Accept Service on Behalf of the Mayor, Mayor’s Order 2009-65 (Apr.
24, 2009); see also Robinson v. Ergo Sols., LLC, 10 F. Supp. 3d at 161; Service of Process
8
Information, D.C. DEP’T CONSUMER & REGULATORY AFFAIRS, https://dcra.dc.gov/service/service-
process-information (last visited February 12, 2019).
According to Mr. Myeress, ProAm Dance Team was properly served because “the
defendant failed to appoint or maintain a registered agent in the District of Columbia,” see Aff.
Serv. at 1, and a copy of the summons and a copy of the complaint were delivered to the DCRA.
See Mot. Def. J. at 3. 5 Mr. Myeress has failed to show, however, that delivering a copy of the
summons and a copy of the complaint to the DCRA constituted valid service of process on
ProAm Dance Team. Section 29-104.12(d) of the D.C. Code authorizes service through the
Mayor – and by extension, the DCRA – when “an entity fails to designate or maintain a
registered agent in the District as required by law.” See D.C. Code § 29-104.12(d) (emphasis
added). 6 The statute further provides that three kinds of entities are required by law to designate
a registered agent in the District of Columbia: domestic filing entities, domestic limited liability
partnerships, and registered foreign entities. See D.C. Code § 29-104.02. Reading these
provisions together, service through the Mayor (and therefore the DCRA) is proper when an
entity required by law to appoint or maintain a registered agent – that is, a domestic filing entity,
domestic limited liability partnership, or registered foreign entity – has failed to do so. See D.C.
5
Mr. Myeress also alleges that Olga Nesterova, ProAm’s owner and director, was
personally served on March 9, 2018, citing the Affidavit of Service [Dkt. No. 3-4]. See Mot.
Def. J. at 2. As discussed, the Affidavit of Service evidences that the summons and complaint
were served on the DCRA and makes no mention of personal service on Ms. Nesterova. The
Court finds no evidence in the record that Ms. Nesterova was ever personally served.
6
Service through the Mayor is also permissible “if an entity’s registered agent in
the District cannot with reasonable diligence be found, and if the person seeking service submits
a declaration under penalty of making false statements showing that a registered agent for the
entity cannot be found.” See D.C. Code § 29-104.12. This subpart of the provision is
inapplicable here because Mr. Myeress has stated only that ProAm Dance Team “failed to
appoint or maintain a registered agent in the District of Columbia.” See Aff. Serv. at 1.
9
Code §§ 29-104.12, 29-104.02. “Domestic” refers to entities “governed as to [their] internal
affairs by the law of the District,” while “foreign” refers to entities “governed as to [their]
internal affairs by the law of a jurisdiction other than the District.” See D.C. Code
§§ 29-101.02(8), (14).
Here, ProAm is allegedly organized “under the laws of the State of New York,”
see Compl. ¶ 2, making it a foreign corporation. See D.C. Code § 29-101.02. Service through
the Mayor (or the DCRA) therefore would be proper only if ProAm is a “registered foreign
entity” and therefore “required by law” to designate a registered agent. See D.C. Code
§§ 29-104.12(d), 29-104.02 (emphasis added); see also Busby v. Capital One, N.A., 932 F. Supp.
2d 114, 128-29 (D.D.C. 2013); cf. Jewell v. BestBus Co., 319 F. Supp. 3d 323, 325 (D.D.C.
2018) (holding that service by delivery of the summons and complaint to the District of
Columbia’s Superintendent of Corporations was improper because the defendant entity was not
“registered in the District of Columbia”). A registered foreign entity is “a foreign entity that is
registered to do business in the District pursuant to a statement of registration filed by the
Mayor.” See D.C. Code § 29-101.02(44).
Mr. Myeress has made no allegation that ProAm is a foreign entity registered in
the District of Columbia. In addition, the District of Columbia maintains a public database of
registered entities, and after an initial search, it does not appear that ProAm is a registered
foreign entity. See D.C. Business Center Quick Search, D.C. DEP’T CONSUMER & REGULATORY
AFFAIRS, https://business.dc.gov/research_business_info (last visited Feb. 12, 2019). Because it
is not a registered foreign entity, ProAm would not be required under Section 29-104.02 to
designate and maintain a registered agent in the District of Columbia. See D.C. Code
§ 29-104.02. Thus, ProAm would not qualify as the type of entity for which the Mayor (or her
10
designee) may act as an agent to accept service under Section 29-104.12. See Busby v. Capital
One, N.A., 932 F. Supp. 2d at 129. 7 Mr. Myeress therefore has failed to meet his burden of
proving that ProAm has been properly served. Accordingly, it is hereby
ORDERED that Mr. Myeress’ motion for default judgment [Dkt. No. 8] is
DENIED WITHOUT PREJUDICE. To proceed with this matter, Mr. Myeress must effectuate
proper service on ProAm Dance Team NYC LLC on or before May 1, 2019; and it is
FURTHER ORDERED that the entry of default by the Clerk of Court [Dkt.
No. 7] shall be set aside.
________________________
PAUL L. FRIEDMAN
DATE: March 4, 2019 United States District Judge
7
Nor has Mr. Myeress made any showing that ProAm does not have a registered
agent in the District to accept service. See, e.g., Robertson v. Cartinhour, Civil Action No. 09-
01642 (ESH), 2012 WL 13075864 (D.D.C. Mar. 28, 2012) (finding that the plaintiff had
submitted sufficient proof of proper service through the DCRA, including a printout from the
DCRA website showing that the defendant did not have a registered agent).
11
| 8fc499df3db32b16fcf0ca6f68566da9 | null | pile_freelaw | 0.0285 | 0.021744 | 0.0847 | law | expository | 3,542 |
What is Extrasensory Perception?
ESP stands for Extrasensory Perception. This is the ability to perceive information using the mind. More specifically, extrasensory perception is the ability to discern objectively verifiable information without using the five physical senses. Think of it as a direct transfer of information between consciousness and the environment. Some people refer to it as the sixth sense.
ESP is a manner of mental functioning that has been around for as long as humans have been sentient. In fact, likely even longer. It is theorized by Mr. Rourke and others that ESP is actually the intuitive whispering of the earliest form of consciousness extracting survival information from the environment. Most people believe ESP is either real or not. But the implication of this form of perception is far more significant than even predicting the future.
Often, we find ourselves imagining scenarios or predicting events. Has this ever happened to you? You might even believe you have the ability to read minds. Maybe you have ESP? If this is true, what kind of ESP could you have? There are a few different kinds.
Extrasensory perception (ESP) is the ability to perceive information using the human mind. This ability is based on the idea that human beings can perceive information beyond the physical senses. While this concept has been around since the beginning of time, the term ‘ESP’ wasn’t coined until the 1930s.
There are different beliefs regarding ESP and how it affects humans. Some people believe that all humans have these unique abilities and experience ESP at times. Others believe that only select individuals can access this power. Nevertheless, it’s clear that some people are in tune with their paranormal abilities.
Seven Common Types of ESP
During a spiritual reading, your intuitive will be able to sense things beyond the five physical senses. Jack Rourke is a psychic in Los Angeles who uses his talents and abilities to help others understand their lives. Jack shares that he is primarily clairvoyant and has learned to be immersive in his ESP.
To help you understand ESP, here is a breakdown of the seven most common types.
Precognition is the ability to see into the future. Experiments conducted by the Parapsychology Laboratory at Duke University show that the human mind has the ability to predict outcomes of events based on certain circumstances.
Retrocognition is the ability to see into the distant past. It can be as simple as recognizing a person or place like what happens in deja vu. People with retrocognition may also be able to recall details of past events.
Clairvoyance is the ability to see things that are happening to someone else. This is how psychics are able to access information about the past, present and future.
Telepathy is similar to clairvoyance, except it relates to reading another person’s thoughts. Telepaths are often strong enough to communicate with others using their mind.
Clairaudience is the ability to hear the events that are happening to someone else. Typically, this ability is strongest during meditation, though information can be gathered from a number of environments.
Clairsentience is when someone perceives a feeling throughout their body. People with this ability can usually tune into other people and places through vibrations and auras.
Mediums can communicate with the dead by channeling their spirits. Most mediums have several types of ESP that allow them to access information, such as clairvoyance and Clairaudience.
Jack Rourke uses a combination of ESP techniques to understand his clients and address their needs. This client-focused process will prove helpful in identifying your personal issues and helping you live your best life. Contact Jack today to schedule your psychic reading in Los Angeles. | <urn:uuid:4e5ecae9-dfc5-44fd-abed-ec18a7aed9dc> | https://www.jackrourke.net/7-main-types-extrasensory-perception/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.4521 | 2.705078 | 0.2447 | general | expository | 613 |
See files for Cats
Although cats and dogs are very different animals, the fact is that cats need veterinary care, just like dogs do. They also need adequate food, companionship, time and all the commitment you can possibly give them.
As an owner, you are responsible for making sure your cat enjoys a full state of health and well-being, both physically, mentally and socially. This all depends on you being informed about various diseases that can affect your feline.
In this AnimalWised article you will find out some of the symptoms and treatments of anemia in cats, so that you know what is this disease, how it manifests itself and how to take action against it.
What is anemia?
Medically, the term anemia means a lack of red blood cells in the blood. Humans can also suffer from this disease. Red blood cells carry oxygen to nurture tissues and transport carbon dioxide until it is eliminated through respiration. When there are not enough red blood cells, not enough oxygen reaches its destiny and the organism becomes weak.
As outlined below, anemia can be caused by many factors, but they all lead to a decrease in red blood cell count and hemoglobin, which is the pigment responsible for the uptake and transport of oxygen.
Causes of anemia in cats
The main causes of anemia in cats include:
- Blood loss through external or internal bleeding
- Autoimmune disease
- Viral infection
- Renal disease
- Adverse reaction to drugs
Symptoms of anemia in cats
As previously mentioned, red blood cells are responsible for transporting oxygen. Therefore, in case of anemia, the tissues in your cat's body will not get enough oxygen.
This condition manifests itself mainly through lethargy, fatigue and low exercise tolerance. However, other symptoms that may indicate anemia include:
- Decreased appetite
- Weight loss
- Pale mucus
How is anemia in cats diagnosed?
In order to diagnose anemia in cats there are two main analytical tests which are carried out by taking a blood sample and then studying it:
- Hematocrit: This will indicate the volume of red blood cells in the cat's blood. It will determine whether this level is normal or, on the other hand, whether it corresponds to a state of anemia.
- Hemogram: Also known as a complete blood count, this analysis provides information about all the cells in the blood including red cells, white cells and platelets.
Obviously, it is not enough to diagnose anemia; the most important thing is to identify the primary cause. In order to do this, the veterinarian will consider the patient's clinical history, all the symptoms presented and perform a complete physical examination. The vet must also rule out the presence of viral diseases such as leukemia.
Treating anemia in cats
The treatment of anemia in cats mainly depends on the cause. In the case of severe anemia, a blood transfusion may be required to restore the level of red blood cells.
This method is considered not only when anemia is severe but also when it is caused by any type of bleeding. Several blood transfusions may be required until the animal's body is able to synthesize new, healthy red blood cells.
Other therapeutic treatments will depend on the underlying cause; their aim is to remove or treat the causative factor of anemia.
Can you prevent anemia in cats?
Some causes of anemia are unforeseeable, and preventing it may be difficult. However, you can take steps to help maintain your cat's overall welfare and prevent this disease as far as possible:
- Try to keep your cat indoors to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. If your cat has contact with the outside environment, consult your veterinarian to see which vaccines are appropriate for the prevention of these diseases.
- Try to feed your cat a healthy and balanced diet and pay attention to any changes in its behavior.
This article is purely informative. AnimalWised does not have the authority to prescribe any veterinary treatment or create a diagnosis. We invite you to take your pet to the veterinarian if they are suffering from any condition or pain.
If you want to read similar articles to Anemia in Cats, we recommend you visit our Cardiovascular diseases category. | <urn:uuid:e845de29-7951-4994-ad83-6ab0c4eceeed> | https://www.animalwised.com/anemia-in-cats-307.html | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.4089 | 2.316406 | 0.2821 | medicine | q_and_a | 709 |
We were tipped off the other day to a rather revealing student newsletter originating on the campus of the University of South Carolina-Aiken, one several satellite systems orbiting around the so-called “flagship” institution of higher learning in the Palmetto State. The story we were originally sent came from last week’s editions of Pacer Times, which bills itself as being “for the students, by the students” of USC-Aiken – which boasts an enrollment of around 3,500 and is located in Aiken, S.C. The focus of the story? Sex toys … “Studies have shown that many women have difficulty reaching orgasm with penetration alone,” Emma Watts, author of Pacer Pillowtalk noted in her report. “Generally, many women surveyed said that clitoral stimulation made it easier to reach orgasm or made their orgasms better and vibrators or other toys are very effective for many women to that end.” Well … yeah … Duh. “Using toys is nothing to be ashamed of, and using them with partners can make a good time even better,” Watts continued. Again, no argument from us … Watts went on to caution sex toy users about the types of products they should select, though, urging them to do their research “about what kinds of materials went into the making of something you may put inside or very near to your genitals.” Again … sage advice. Still, though … what is this doing in a student newspaper at a government-subsidized institution? Another Pacer Times column published just today – entitled “A Love Letter To My Black Husband” – offers some less steamy (but similarly curious) insights. “I promise to love you in every way possible,” its white author Cecilia Maddox wrote to an unnamed recipient. “I will continue to learn and grow, recognizing my internalized biases and questioning the dangerous stereotypes that were ingrained in my worldview from a young age.” Wait … this is a love letter? “As a human, I will shout ‘black lives matter’ from the top of every mountain you face,” Maddox continued, adding that “being aware of the challenges you face isn’t enough … in order to love you in the way that you deserve, I have to use my privilege and power to benefit you.” Of course Maddox doesn’t appear to have much power within the relationship … “I will not speak over you when you educate me,” she wrote. Yikes … Maybe this is where the sex toys come in? Hmmm … (Click to view) (Via: USC-Aiken) To be clear: We are not saying college students shouldn’t be exposed to (or could not handle) some sex education on the subject of vibrators, although we thought the concept behind such toys was fairly easy to, um … grasp. Similarly, we are not knocking Maddox for celebrating interracial marriage – which we believe is absolutely beautiful (not unlike intra-racial marriage). Our beef is with her nauseating political correctness and 1950s-era submissiveness. And her ignorance when it comes to the fundamental realization that all lives matter. Look, speech is free … and considering our founding editor cut his teeth as a sports columnist at a government-funded university rag, we have a special appreciation for these publications and their ability to push the envelope. Having said that, a paper that dispenses daily group hugs to the prevailing liberal herdthink (which is Pacer Times’ apparent editorial philosophy) is not “pushing envelopes,” it is embracing conformity. Predictability. Tedium. Incuriosity. And worst of all, submission … Either way, our guess is Pacer News is about to draw some scrutiny from state lawmakers in the weeks ahead as they take up budgets for the Palmetto State’s various institutions of higher learning. We will keep our readers apprised in the event we hear of anything related to that process. Once again, we would reiterate our view that institutions of higher learning in the Palmetto State (and beyond) should be set free to pursue their destinies in the private sector – forgoing direct appropriations, government grants or taxpayer-guaranteed student loans. -FITSNews *** WANNA SOUND OFF? Got something you’d like to say in response to one of our stories? Please feel free to submit your own guest column or letter to the editor via-email HERE. Got a tip for us? CLICK HERE. Got a technical question or a glitch to report? CLICK HERE. Want to support what we’re doing? SUBSCRIBE HERE. Banner: Getty | dfb40d1d1f87c5fa6514dd3a7769da57 | null | ccnews | 0.1498 | 1.070313 | 0 | news | expository | 729 |
Art, Fine Art and Photography
King Edward Aston VI Art vision:
To allow all boys, no matter their artistic strength or interest, to be given the skills and freedom to flourish within a creative setting and grow in confidence during their time here.
Our art and photography department provides a stimulating, creative but structured basis for all students and all creative capabilities. As well as specific skills related to competence in art, this subject is widely credited with nurturing all-round problem-solving skills, visual analysis, the ability to find creative solutions and make critical judgements, and the capacity to develop a better understanding of the world around us.
Alongside the practical expertise you’ll develop in your studies at Aston, you’ll also learn transferable skills valued in both higher education and eventually in the world of work:
• Analytical thinking
• Creative problem solving
• Working independently/ collaboratively
• Developing effective research methods and presentation skills
• How to communicate effectively
- Pupils will look at Food as a theme and gain an understanding of core artistic skills within the following areas:
- Tonal shading, colour blending and how to apply certain techniques and processes with success.
- Colour understanding, via mark making and layering
- Pupils will explore the drawing qualities of Tom Hovey by investigating the artist and his approach to drawing.
- Pupils will then go on to learn a range of painting skills using watercolour.
- Pupils will explore collage, constructing templates out of card, layering and creating patterns.
For further information on the art curriculum and assessments in Year 7, please view the documents below. | <urn:uuid:0d2d4a4d-8142-4f74-be63-254ac20c6401> | https://www.keaston.bham.sch.uk/page/?title=Art%2C+fine+art+and+photography&pid=1444 | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3311 | 2.365234 | 0 | general | tutorial | 268 |
How Do You Get Rid of Maggots?
How Do You Get Rid of Maggots?
To get rid of maggots, it is necessary to eliminate anything in the area that attract house flies. For instance, trash bins should be lidded and cleaned regularly to prevent maggots. Remove maggots by treating the area with diatomaceous earth or vinegar, then clean and disinfect the area to prevent a reinfestation. Maggot infestations may require consistent cleaning efforts during warm months.
1. Remove food sources
Locate the items that are appealing to house flies, and remove them if possible. Moisture attracts flies, for instance, and should be dried immediately in areas where house flies are present.
2. Clean the area thoroughly
Sprinkle enough diatomaceous earth or vinegar to cover the maggots, and allow the mixture to remain for a few hours to kill the maggots. Wash the affected area with soapy water, then disinfect with a solution of 2 cups white vinegar per gallon of hot water.
3. Prevent maggots in trash bins
Use a tight fitting lid to cover trash bins, or sprinkle a liberal amount of diatomaceous earth in the bottom of trash cans and recycling bins to prevent the pests from returning. Spread diatomaceous earth in any area of the home or garden where maggots have been found to prevent the pests from returning. | <urn:uuid:51b393c1-cfd3-4764-904e-7be64bb58239> | https://www.reference.com/home-garden/rid-maggots-348afa3bc1c288a8 | dclm_baseline | 0.3738 | 2.1875 | 0.2252 | general | q_and_a | 222 |
## Cats vs Dogs, Part 2 – A simple CNN
Now that we know what we’re dealing with, we’ll undertake some simple steps to pre-process the images and pass them through a CNN. We’ll use Tensorboard to monitor the progress of the algorithm.
A good place to start would seem to be borrowing some code. We want to build a binary classifier, an algorithm that can classify an image into one of two categories. We want it to be exclusive – the images have either a cat or a dog, but not both. To that end, straightforward googling yields the following useful piece of code, which we’ve re-uploaded to GitHub rather than filling this entire blog post.
The code takes care of pre-processing for us – it loads all of the files, splits them into a train and test set for diagnostic purposes, seemingly performs feature normalization and augments the data sets by acting with a subset of $O(2)$ transformations – left-right reflections and rotations up to 25 degrees. This seems entirely reasonable to me, so I’m leaving it alone.
The one thing that it is doing that we may want to modify later is downsizing all the images to 64 x 64. This seems reasonable to get going, but I worry that it might not be enough information for the network.
Next up, it’s building an architecture for us. At first, I didn’t know much about architectures, so I left it as is, but this architecture is the bulk of what we plan to change in the future. We ran the code in $O(5)$ hours, producing a model file. Tensorboard kept track of the training and produced some diagnostics for us to look at:
We’re seemingly doing quite well, by my expectations. The accuracy appears to be in excess of 90%, which I found quite surprising. However, training set accuracy or loss don’t tell the whole story – we must examine the validation set accuracy and loss. We seem to cap out at 90% accuracy, but more importantly, the validation loss seems to decrease before increasing again. This appears to indicate overfitting. In principle we combat this to some extent with dropout, but we’ll be focusing on combating overfitting over the next few posts.
Now, we’d like to see how we do on our real test set – the one produced by Kaggle, which we don’t have the answers for. We have to load the model and produce a collection of predictions. We coded this by trial and error. We don’t need to load and pre-process the images, but in order to load the model, TFLearn appears to want me to prepare the network first. Therefore, for our test set run, we’ll use this code, which will henceforth serve as a representative piece of code for all future runs, but with the different architecture substituted. In particular, the only new work is done by the following:
```model.load('./model_cat_dog_6_final.tflearn')
myCount = 0
for f in test_files:
myCount += 1
if(myCount % 500 == 0):
print("On file " + str(myCount) + "...")
try: | 9e7e5d751440fae1b7d16614b748a167 | https://cpbrust.wordpress.com/2017/02/17/cats-vs-dogs-part-2-a-simple-cnn/ | open_web_math | 0.3941 | 1.766602 | 0.4892 | mathematics | expository | 511 |
First Fleet (1788) Heritage Walk
This self-guided walking tour in the vicinity of Circular Quay, Sydney, identifies the location of the buildings of Sydney created by those who arrived with the First Fleet in January 1788. The locations are taken from a chart prepared by Capt. Hunter and Lieut. Bradley in March 1788 that gives an insight into what Sydney was like in its first year. It will be helpful to have a current map of the Circular Quay area with you as you take this walk.
The chart identifies the position of the encampment and its buildings as they stood at March 1788. Part of William Bradley's 1802 journal, A Voyage to New South Wales, the chart is held today by the Mitchell Library, State Library NSW. It is the earliest known map of the Sydney Cove settlement and shows the various uses of ground including gardens, stores, the bake house and cooking places.
Get full experience in the app
Follow the steps to access all 33 places on the itinerary, plus features like audio guides, navigation, hotels nearby and more. | <urn:uuid:e8e7caf7-f04c-442a-8614-443af5e95e06> | https://audio-tours.cyaontheroad.com/experiences/1638926496.html | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.4409 | 2.560547 | 0.2747 | general | expository | 182 |
Toe and Forefoot Fractures
The forefoot is the front of the foot that includes the toes. Fractures occurring in this part of the foot are painful, but very often not disabling. There are 2 types of fractures namely, traumatic fracture and stress fracture. Traumatic fractures occur when there is a direct impact of your foot on a hard surface. Stress fractures are tiny hairline cracks in the bone, most commonly caused due to repeated stress. The common symptoms of toe and forefoot fractures include pain, bruising, swelling and inability to walk.
To detect toe and forefoot fractures, your doctor conducts a physical examination of the foot, and may order X-rays to identify the location and severity of the fracture. Toe and forefoot fractures can be treated by the following ways:
- Rest: Adequate amount of rest can sometimes help heal a traumatic fracture.
- Splinting: Splints may be applied to keep the toe in a fixed position.
- Rigid shoe: A stiff-soled shoe may be recommended to protect the toe and position it correctly.
- Buddy taping: The fractured toe is taped to the adjacent toe with a gauze pad between the toes. | <urn:uuid:427f44bd-d028-4307-8355-3decef51f018> | https://www.desertorthocenter.com/toe-and-forefoot-fractures-hip-knee-shoulder-elbow-surgeon-phoenix-az.html | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.4767 | 2.849609 | 0.2591 | general | expository | 193 |
[In situ determination of the Ki-67 growth fraction (Ki-67 GF) in human tumors (studies in breast cancer)].
The monoclonal antibody Ki-67 has been described in 1983 by Gerdes. Lymphocytes stimulated with PHA as well as a number of human tissues have been studied using the antibody. The results have shown, that the Ki-67 antigen is expressed by all cells in the active phases of the cell cycle not, however, by resting cells or the starting sequences of the cell cycle. Although the nature of the Ki-67 antigen ist not yet known, several studies have demonstrated that the Ki-67 growth fraction is a valuable parameter for characterization of malignant tumors. So far, the so-called "Ki-67 growth fraction" (Ki-67 GF) has been determined on non-Hodgkin-lymphomas and on malignant tumors of the bone, kidney and lung. The most extensive data are available on breast cancer. In the author's studies the APAAP-method (APAAP = "alkaline phosphatase-anti-alkaline phosphatase") is preferred as an immunohistochemical staining method. The median Ki-67 growth fraction of 261 breast carcinomas was 12.5% (range 1 to 65%), being five times higher than in benign breast tissue (n = 126). The Ki-67 GF of breast cancer was correlated to different parameters known to be related to prognosis. Thus, a correlation was found with the age of patients, tumor stage, histological grading and hormone receptor status. These results are similar to those obtained by autoradiography and flow cytometry. Of 141 patients the clinical outcome of disease is known (median follow-up 22 months): 25 patients have developed local recurrence of the chest wall. This group of patients showed no significant correlation to the Ki-67 growth fractions of the primary tumors. However, the Ki-67 GF was significantly higher in 20 patients with early systemic disease and in 19 patients who died from breast cancer. Based on these results a clinical trial on adjuvant chemotherapy of lymphnode-negative patients should be taken into consideration. Thus, the prognosis for early stage breast cancer might be improved. | bd20e2e6ee2486a32f995009bf727837 | null | pile_pubmed | 0.3063 | 1.532227 | 0.3058 | medicine | argument | 327 |
ADAPTED FROM PAT OGDEN’S SENSORIMOTOR PSYCHOTHERAPY INSTITURE TRAINING
Mindfulness about how you walk, move, balance, body alignment, pace, arm movements and joints feel. Notice how core organizers effect the nature of walk.
Defense / boundaries
Using arms to push away; “drawing” an energetic boundary and experiment with pushing object or person out of boundary. Manage distance & closeness studying the effect somatically. Push ball away, play catch with ball
Notice flexibility or rigidity in movement while walking
Ability to reach into space with one or both hands; grasping, holding, letting go, pulling, pushing. Support, orienting, leaning.
Hand on heart and belly bringing mindful attention to the sensorimotor experience. Practice micro movements; focus on spine, torso, organs in abdomen, gravity. Sense your skin.
Sense your body through the perineum, sitz bones. Push feet into the ground noticing the feet and legs. Softening the feet while standing, putting your weight on different areas of feet. Bend knees, feel gravity pull.
Become aware of the “stacking” of the body from feet to head. Lengthen the spine compared to compression. Pull up against gravity.
Notice your breathing as it is. Let the inhale expand the lower belly and exhale letting the air fall out. Experiment with breathing into different parts of body, measured breath and notice the different.
Sense the back through pressing back against the wall studying the sensations. The container made by the skin. Fill the room with energy. Lie down on the floor and press against the floor. Create container with arms to hold feelings.
Experiment with studying what happens with orienting to object symbolizing pleasure & conflict or threat. Or an object’s representing a person you are struggling with. | <urn:uuid:b5eea036-faba-46a2-af50-292dfb467de0> | http://drfoust.net/self-soothing/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3913 | 2.794922 | 0 | science | expository | 279 |
This article, written in 1933, gives a quick history of the timber industry until that time. Companies, managers and politicians who were major players in the industry are of particular interest as their influence spanned many years.
HERITAGE OF TIMBER.
The Industry Reviewed.
UNTIL 1870 there were few records of exploitation of the Colony’s extensive hardwood forests. The early settlers’ homes were made of wood, reed and swamp-mud— very durable and comfortable materials, if plain— and some of them are still habitable. Scattered through old archives are some brief records of tenders called for piles and decking, for public works (like the Barracks) and for schooners to trade along the coast and to the Eastern Colonies, to London, Singapore and China. To “The Perth Gazette” we are indebted for much of the information that is available. Enthusiastic delvers into these old files have made useful compilations for the help of future inquirers. Government departments have supplemented the work and issued occasional bulletins, but until the years following 1870 the records were anything but frequent or methodical. An indefatigable worker in this direction was the late Mr. J. S. Ogilvie, editor of the little forestry magazine “Jarrah.” His name will ever be associated with the tasks of researches in timber history.
The early colonists discovered magnificent jarrah and karri forests. They had crude methods of dealing with them, but they did find out the special virtues of the hardwoods and sought to let the world know about them. At long intervals small shipments were sent abroad of what the settlers called “mahogany,” sometimes to win favour and be sold, and sometimes to meet a contrary fate and involve the shippers in heavy losses. The first tender for timber supplies appeared in 1833. In 1845 attention was drawn to some difficulties exporters had in transporting a large jarrah log from the Canning River to Fremantle, and the exporters had to leave it. There is a record of 2,550 cubic feet of timber having been sent to England in 1846 to the British Admiralty. Some trading was done with American whalers, who were common to our coast in those times, with Albany their favourite port of call. Jarrah, karri and tuart do not reach down to the sea like the big timbers of Tasmania; hence there is no water movement of the sawn product. Great difficulties faced the pioneers in getting their product to such ports as then existed, and much of the conversion of the big logs was done by pit-saws. Time has not obliterated all evidence of these. Mr. D. E. Hutchins, late Conservator of Forests of South Africa, who visited Western Australia in 1914, recommended a revival of pit-sawing to deal with trees beyond the scope of sawmills and to find employment.
THE COMMERCIAL FOREST. Roughly, the commercial forest begins in the region of Chidlow’s Well and extends southwards from the Darling Ranges some 350 miles, broadening to an expanse of 25 to 35 miles and approaching to within a few miles of the coast. Forestry maps indicate much wider areas, but the actual milling forest is more limited. The milling districts have been, or are, Lion Mill, Canning, Pickering Brook, Jarrahdale, Roleystone, Dwellingup, Marrinup, Wuraming, Holyoake, Nanga Brook, Waroona, Yarloop, Hoffman, Waterous, Mornington, Worsley, Collie, Muja, Wilga, Dardanup, Noggerup, Kirup, Jarrahwood, Nannup, Manjimup, Pemberton, Denmark and Karridale. One of the latest classifications gives the areas of the respective forests as follows:— Jarrah, 3,900,000 acres; karri, 400,000 acres; jarrah and karri mixed, 359,700 acres; tuart, 5,932 acres; tingle-tingle, 16,000 acres. The forest policy has meant the planting of various kinds of pines and already the department has secured substantial cuttings from these plantations. It was in the seventies that the forests were first entered by the big pioneering sawmillers and hewers. Conversion of the trees followed at a rapid rate. The Forestry Department from time to time has issued bulletins of the progress. In 1836 only about 10,000 cubic feet went abroad, valued at £2,500. By 1928 the exports had reached 291,714,991 cubic feet, valued at £27,740,755. In 1913 over 1,000,000 sleepers were shipped to South Africa. One of the busiest periods was just prior to the war; another began about 1924 and ended abruptly in 1928. The past few years have seen a further contraction of the orders, numbers of mills having to be closed down and others put on a part-time system of three days’ work a week. During the heyday of the industry 5,000 men (mill-hands and sleeper cutters) found constant employment; today probably little more than 1,000 could be mustered. This has meant incalculable loss to the city and the country.
COLONY’S FIRST MILL. The first mill in the Colony was built at Guildford; another followed it at Gooseberry Hill: but the first modern standard mill was erected at Quindalup, near Busselton, where another mill followed a little later. One of these was running until 1902, when Quindalup was absorbed in the amalgamation of sawmilling companies. Its manager, the late Mr. H. J. Yelverton, then took over the managership of Wellington mill, near Dardanup, established by the Canning Jarrah Co., which had mills near Pickering Brook— called the Canning— with which was identified the late Mr Frank Wilson, afterwards Premier of the State. Karridale was the next centre of importance. Here the late Mr. M. C. Davies, of Adelaide, erected a mill (at Coodardup, three miles east of Karridale proper). His family remained long identified with Karridale, his sons all holding important executive positions with the amalgamated company. Contemporaneously with them, the West Australian Jarrah Sawmill Company established itself near Busselton. This concern imported to the Colony its first locomotive — from the Phoenix Foundry, Ballarat. The wreckage of it is still lying near the old mill. In the late eighties and until the early nineties, extensive sawmilling and hewing was done in the Chidlow’s Well-Sawyers Valley districts, and the Mundaring and Roleystone districts, and city people who love hiking and rambling there must have noted the many large butts of trees that constituted the old forest. Names that will long be remembered with the district are E. G. Lacey, Joe McDowall, Edward Keane, J. Farnland, Lionel White, Alex. Forest, W. Peechey and Frank Wilson, and, among the companies, the Gill McDowell Jarrah Co., Port, Honey and Co., the Canning Jarrah Co., and the Rockingham Company.
It was a Victorian syndicate— Robert Reid, W. McLean, H. Rigg and John Whittingham — who launched the old Rockingham Jarrah Company. It was merged into Jarrahdale Jarrah Forest and Railways, Limited, and was afterwards absorbed in the amalgamation. It had a concession of 20 square miles at Jarrahdale, and from it enormous quantities of timber have been produced and shipped to all parts of the world. It still has one of the largest and best equipped mills in the State, but it is unhappily idle. Among names which will be long remembered at Jarrahdale are those of the late Richard Speight, Neil McNeil and W. J. George, Jas. Ainslie and, among others, Alec. McNeil, A. C. Munro, James Ainslie, and F. L. Brady.
THE AMALGAMATION. The largest private sawmilling concern of the State is Millars’ Timber and Trading Co, Limited, which was founded by the late Edwin F. and C. G. Millar, railway and general contractors, of Melbourne. They first came in contact with Western Australia in connection with the West Australian Land Co., of Albany, which entrusted to them the building of the Albany-Beverly railway. To cope with the undertaking they secured karri areas at Torbay and erected several mills at a later date, after exploiting karri and jarrah both in the States and abroad, mills were opened on new areas at Denmark. The opening up of the goldfields brought a new lease of life to these mills and much prosperity to Albany and Denmark. At one time there was a community of 1,000 people at Denmark, dependent on the timber industry. Millar Brothers’ interests were acquired in 1897 by Millars’ Karri and Jarrah Forests, Limited, with the late Henry Teesdale Smith general manager, the late H. Cairns manager of Albany, the late John Coughlan manager of Denmark, and the late Thomas Boyne manager of Fremantle. This company was absorbed in the amalgamation in 1902 with the following companies:— The Jarrah Timber and Wood Paving Corporation, Worsley; Jarrahdale Jarrah Forests and Railways, Ltd., Jarrahdale and Perth; the Gill McDowall Jarrah Timber Co., Waroona and Lion Mill; the Jarrah Wood and Sawmills Co., Ltd., Jarrahwood; the Imperial Jarrah Wood corporation, Newlands and Quindalup; and the M. C. Davies Karri and Jarrah Co., Ltd., Karridale. Among names prominent in the affairs of the amalgamated company have been those of the late Henry Teesdale Smith, Herbert Davies, Jas Ainslie, Harold E. Smith. H. J. Yelverton, Jas. Kelly and S. Drysdale, and, either recently or still with the company, Lionel White, Sydney Smith, W. Merry, R. Driver, J. C. Kerr, Harry Smith, F. L. Brady, A. C. Munro, Frank Davies, R. Rutherford, C. Angell and J. and C. Craig. The present executive consists of Sir Edward Wittenoom, M.L.C., A. J. McNeil, W. Macmurtrie, and Norman Temperley.
INDIVIDUAL CONCERNS. Those who remained outside the amalgamation included Bunning Bros, Whittaker Bros, J. C. Port and Co, and Buckingham Bros. Bunning Bros. have carried on saw milling at Lion Mill, and in the Collie district and at Argyle, Alco and Yornup; and Port and Co. at Pindalup and Maylands. Mr. Port was one of the pioneers of sawmilling when the work was done under the roughest of conditions. The Kauri Timber Co., of Nannup, was formerly West Australian Jarrah Sawmills, Ltd., owned by Melbourne merchants, J. Bartram and Sons, who opened up at Kirup under the management of Edmund Shepherd. The Kauri Co.’s new mill at Nannup is a very large one of modern type. Its output, with that of Millars’ Jarrahwood mill nearby, goes to Busselton for shipment and finds work for neighbouring farmers as lumpers. People identified with the Kauri Company are Harvey Paterson, Sir Frederick Sargood, Robert Harper, John Sharp, George Lush and Robert Smith. Other timber companies operating in the West have included the Australian Lumber Co., with mills at Bowelling, Hotham, Plavin’s siding; the Timber Corporation, of Greenbushes and Palgarrup; the Adelaide Timber Co., of Wilga and Wichcliffe; the Wilgarrup Karri and Jarrah Co., of Jardee; the Swan Sawmills, of Claymore; the Sussex Timber Co., of Dellerton; Buckingham Bros., of East Perth and Muja; the Collie Timber Company, of Collie; the Worsley Timber Co., of Worsley; and Douglas Jones and Co., of Guildford.
STATE UNDERTAKINGS. Shortly after the advent of the Scaddan Labour Government in 1913, the first State sawmill was opened. The Government took over the concern of the South-West Hewers’ Co-operative Society and was reported to have paid them £80,000. As there were only 300 shareholders each profited by the sale substantially. The Government extended its operations and founded mills at Manjimup, Pemberton and Wuraming. The Government owns or controls most of the karri forests. Only the Wilgarrup Company has a karri area beside. People prominently associated with the State mills have been, or are, Douglas Humphries, J. W. Properjohn and E. B. Sinclair. There have been some great personalities among the leaders of the workers associated with the timber industry, a few of whose names should be mentioned — Denny Jones, M.L.C., Tom Ryan, A. J. Wilson, M.L.A., Peter O’Loghlen, M.L.A., J. B. Holman, M.L.A., Tom Naughton, Tom Anthony, and Miss Holman, M.L.A. (West Australian, 5 January 1933.) | <urn:uuid:bee60204-9924-459a-9283-f92f875cf817> | http://www.harveyhistoryonline.com/?p=5062 | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3759 | 2.517578 | 0.0781 | general | expository | 1,921 |
Is It OK To Put Vicks In Your Nose?
How can I unclog my nose?
Take a shower.
Stay hydrated.
Use a saline spray.
Drain your sinuses.
Use a warm compress.
Try decongestants.
Take antihistamines or allergy medicine..
How do you unclog your nose in seconds?
How do you sleep with a blocked nose?
Why put Vicks on your feet?
Why does putting Vicks on your feet stop coughing?
Given that feet contains lots of nerves, Graedon speculates that sensory nerves in the soles of the feet may respond to stimulation with Vicks VapoRub: The [brain’s] cough center is right next to the spinal cord.
Is Vicks inhaler good or bad?
In summary, the low doses of inhaled l-methamphetamine delivered from the Vicks inhaler produced little cardiovascular effects in healthy people, even when given in amounts much larger than recommended. Over time, changes in blood pressure and heart rate were clinically insignificant.
What happens if you don’t pick your nose?
Spreading illnesses. Mucus catches dust, bacteria, viruses, and dust that you breathe in every day. You could share those germs if you pick your nose. One study found that nose pickers may spread the bacterium that’s responsible for a large amount of pneumonia.
How do you use Vicks for a stuffy nose?
For example, place your index fingers on both sides of your nose where the nose and cheek meet (with one finger on each side), and apply moderate pressure for 2 to 3 minutes. You can also use your index fingers to apply pressure on the bridge of your nose, right between your eyebrows; hold for 2 to 3 minutes.
What are the side effects of Vicks Vapor Rub?
There are few documented side effects for Vicks VapoRub but some have occurred. Because the medication is topical (applied to the skin) the most likely side effects are skin irritations, rash, redness, or hives. If you notice these side effects, you should discontinue the medication and call your doctor.
Does massaging your nose unblock it?
What home remedy can I use for a burning nose?
Is it OK to put Vicks under your nose?
Topical camphor absorbed through mucous membranes or broken skin also can be toxic. That’s why you should never put VapoRub in or around the nostrils — especially a small child’s nostrils. And if VapoRub gets in your eye, it can injure your cornea.
Can Vicks hurt your lungs?
What can I put in my nose for dryness?
How do I rehydrate my sinuses?
irrigate your sinuses with sterile saline using a neti pot or similar product. use nasal spray to hydrate and lubricate your nasal passages and sinuses. take a hot shower and inhale the steam. diffuse essential oils like lavender, peppermint, or lemon for allergies. | <urn:uuid:c950ce73-7060-4f73-8159-a7b2f7fc73d4> | https://staxmobileapp.com/qa/is-it-ok-to-put-vicks-in-your-nose.html | dclm_baseline | 0.3711 | 1.71875 | 0.4348 | general | q_and_a | 460 |
Monday, May 11, 2009
The other Stall
This could happen to you tooo.........
'Hi, how are you?'
I'm not the type to start a conversation in the restroom. I don't know what got into me, but I answered, somewhat embarrassed, 'Doin' just fine!'
And the other person says:
'So what are you up to?'
'Uhhh, I'm like you, just sitting here.'
At this point I am just trying to get out as fast as I can when I hear another question:
'Can I come over?'
Then I hear the person say, nervously:
'Listen, I'll have to call you back. There's an idiot in the other stall who keeps answering all my questions!!'
Avoid using the mobile when you are answering a nature's call
No comments: | <urn:uuid:b89d49af-da8c-4e8c-a4ad-2a9327b47295> | http://www.jayantkumar.in/2009/05/other-stall.html | dclm_baseline | 0.025 | 0.178467 | 0 | general | expository | 125 |
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Lectures 15: Writing English Phonetically with Hangul
oreans sometimes write English with Korean characters, which can serve a valuable purpose. Just as many Americans in Korea can read Daejeon but not on a road sign, Koreans who cannot read or speak English need a way to refer to such things as the names of foreign movies. Thus the movie Philadelphia is Koreanized as , which Koreans understand. However, it fails in oral communication with a non-Korean. is incomprehensible to native speakers of English because the English ph is /f/, not /p/, and the vowels of the second and last syllables, //, differ dramatically from the strong /a/.
Although writing English with Korean characters has little value for pronunciation, middle and high school students may use Korean characters to write English they have to memorize. They may begin to believe that English sounds can be accurately captured with Korean sounds. However, Korean has no syllable-final /b/, /g/, / /, /s/, or / /, and it has no /f/, /v/, //, // or /z/ at all. Further, /r/ and /l/ are problematic. Equating , a strong vowel, with the weak schwa kills the rhythm of English. Finally, using to break up consonant strings destroys English syllables. English pronunciation is very different from Korean pronunciation, so the Korean alphabet is a poor tool for understanding how English is spoken. | <urn:uuid:a1d90c66-2131-4528-a086-cd001cc2bdd4> | http://busbee.freehostia.com/english_writing/a15.html | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.5811 | 2.007813 | 1 | general | expository | 230 |
Part of Building Bridges
Materials for Activity
- Leader Resource 1, Map of Underground Railroad Routes
- Computer with Internet access
Preparation for Activity
Description of Activity
Youth learn about the Quaker connection to the Underground Railroad.
Start by asking participants what they know about the Underground Railroad. Share with participants that Quakers played a prominent role in running the Underground Railroad, the system whereby people who were enslaved were helped to escape to northern states and Canada. The abolitionist movement - the movement to end slavery - began with the ministry of the Quakers, preaching abolition throughout the states and territories in the early 1800s.
Pass around copies of Leader Resource 1, which shows the routes taken in the Underground Railroad. The routes start in Southern U.S. states and end in Canada or Northern States.
Let participants take turns with the interactive site The Underground Railroad: The Journey, created by National Geographic.
Process the activity with these questions:
- Though Quakers were some of the earliest members of the abolitionist movement and active in the Underground Railroad, in the early days of the country’s history, many Quakers were also slave traders and holders. Does this surprise you?
- The interactive site tells us that most slaves were encouraged to keep going into Canada. Why? Does this surprise you?
- What else did you learn from the interactive site?
- What happened to Thomas Garrett, the Quaker who was arrested for helping runaway slaves? What fate met runaway slaves who were captured? Though the punishment for a white Quaker helping an African American slave was nowhere near as severe as the punishment for the slave, do you still think people who helped the Underground Railroad were brave? Many Quakers believe war is immoral. Many slaves were victims of war in Africa. How do you think this influenced Quakers’ feelings about slavery? What role did faith play in convincing many Quakers to object to slavery? | <urn:uuid:f4e8b03f-c5bc-449c-ab29-a6aba98fd70f> | https://www.uua.org/re/tapestry/youth/bridges/workshop17/189706.shtml | fineweb_edu_high | 0.4591 | 3.279297 | 0 | general | q_and_a | 324 |
Deputies are investigating after a man's body was found Monday night in a vacant Cleveland residence on Table Rock Road, according to the Greenville County Sheriff's Office. The man was found at about 8:30 p.m. Monday after deputies received a report that a body was in the building. Greenville County Senior Deputy Coroner Kent Dill said the death is being investigated as suspicious but a cause of death has not been determined yet. The man's identity has not been released. Check back to greenvillenews.com for more information. Conor Hughes is a public safety reporter with The Greenville News. Contact him via email at chughes@gannett.com or on Twitter @ConorJHughes. | 438228a8a75f629aa5c269e640ed26fe | null | ccnews | 0 | 0 | 0 | news | expository | 108 |
Denver’s February snow total through the 16th was 15.8 inches and that ranks in 13th place on the Top 20 List maintained by the National Weather Service in Boulder. That is just 6.6 inches from tying the snowiest February on record when 22.4 inches fell in 2015. Is there a chance we could tie or even beat the all-time record? The answer is maybe! There is at least three more chances of snow in Denver’s forecast before the month ends. | c2a0a63de82a3f9611a9f9e049f93f62 | null | ccnews | 0.2256 | 1.611328 | 0 | news | expository | 80 |
by Professor Gene Wengert
What relative humidity should I maintain in my plant?
The quick answer is: The relative humidity (RH) in your plant should match your customer's home or office. To explain further - Most homes and office in the U.S and Canada average 30% to 40% RH--drier in the winter, especially in colder climates; more humid in the summer, especially in warmer, coastal climates. As shrinking of a product is often much worse than a little swelling, we target the lower RH values. Hence, 6 to 7% MC for lumber is the target; 35% RH is the other target. An electric moisture meter can be effective for measuring MC. A brass, office-style RH indicator is no good--look for a good electronic device and then get several so you can check them against each other to make sure that they are working okay. If you humidify your shop or plant too high, you will just postpone the inevitable shrinkage problems until the customer gets the product.
Professor Gene Wengert is Extension Specialist in Wood Processing at the Department of Forestry, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Click on Wood Doctor Archives to peruse past answers. | <urn:uuid:cdbe290b-c44f-40b5-9b2b-2a37c59b302d> | https://www.woodweb.com/knowledge_base/Ideal_relative_humidity_in_woodworking_plants.html | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.4584 | 2.71875 | 0.2591 | general | expository | 193 |
1. Home
2. NEW ITEMS!!!
3. Tulle Flower Balls
4. RED Tulle Flower Ball
RED Tulle Flower Ball
Part Number: TFBRED
On sale $1.99 $0.79
Write a Review
Easily fluff these Tulle Pom Poms to create beautiful and easy decorations to hang. Create your own backdrop by mixing matching our tulle pom pom and paper lanterns in various sizes and colors.
Sold by the piece! | <urn:uuid:9b8d1a09-aa03-490f-a881-1e388499ce42> | https://www.codwholesale.com/RED-Tulle-Flower-Ball-_p_2710.html | dclm_baseline | 0.0405 | 0.289307 | 0 | general | expository | 65 |
When parents think about scissors and toddlers, the initial reaction is always fear – the little one might get hurt because the scissors or any materials they cut can have sharp edges. However, there will come a time in your young children’s lives when they need to learn how to use these tools properly.
Young children who practice cutting have stronger hand muscles. People frequently use their hands, so exercising them is helpful for numerous tasks.
Cutting differs from other beginner crafts techniques in that it can help develop bilateral coordination. Your child should cut with one hand while turning the paper with the other. It is helpful preparation for future tasks that require the simultaneous use of both sides of the body.
Cutting is a skill that all toddlers need to learn. Your child can work on their fine motor skills by cutting, which will help them when they start writing.
Here are 20 cutting activities for toddlers that you can check out and try with your little ones! Your toddlers will certainly learn how to cut with these simple tools and how to be careful with them. We also have a list for preschool scissors practice.
Cutting out pictures from magazines is a classic activity for kids. You can use scissors to cut out pictures of people, animals, objects, letters and numbers, simple shapes, words, patterns, and vehicles.
Older kids may enjoy learning to use a circle cutter to shape pictures, such as snowflakes or hearts. You can paste the pictures on a scrapbook page, or you can add color and detail with markers, crayons, paint, or glitter glue.
Playdough is an excellent material to cut. It’s soft and easy to cut, so your toddler won’t get discouraged by the difficulty of cutting. Plus, playdough is fun to play with and can help your little one with their fine motor skills by making shapes or letters.
Cutting playdough is not just fun and educational, it can also help your child develop patience. If you want to teach your toddler the fine motor skills needed for cutting, playdough is an excellent resource.
The ideal way to introduce your child to craft ideas that involve paper cutting is to have him design huge, straightforward shapes on various pieces of vibrant paper and then have him cut them out along the outline. Then, you can use these things to make a scene that your child can decorate and hang on his room wall.
Get more paper activity ideas from Mom Junction.
Has your kid tried cutting stickers? Plenty of stickers are available at stores, or you can look for free stickers in magazines, scrapbooking materials, and other paper products. Finish the activity by having your child stick it on a notebook, wall, or door to serve as decoration.
Learn more about why kids should play and how to cut stickers from The Tool Box.
A young toddler can do this activity while an adult helps them make food. Preparing for future cooking activities as the child ages helps expose the child to the kitchen environment. It also introduces them to different cutting tools, and as they do the activity, make sure to remind them of safety rules!
Also, check out these other ways for toddlers to learn about fruits and vegetables.
If you want more precise cutting activities for your toddlers, there are plenty of printables online that you can download and provide for your kids. These printables usually come with guides and have different lessons or shapes. Soon enough, they will also learn to cut zigzag lines, straight lines, shapes, and images of various sizes!
Scissor art is a great way to introduce toddlers to the concept of cutting. It’s a fun way to get kids to use scissors and teaches them how to hold and use them properly. Your child will also learn about shapes as they cut out their designs with scissors, which will help them become familiar with geometry.
There are plenty of scissor art ideas you and your child can try, and it doesn’t have to be complex or complicated – just like this hedgehog scissor art using paper plates! By doing this activity, they will learn how to pay attention to one thing at a time.
If you’re looking for simple, quiet activities to do with your toddler, try making art by drawing with scissors. No, you’re not going to use your scissors as your pencil, but instead, cut out different shapes and sizes using different colored papers to create a mosaic that’s original to your toddler!
First, have the child draw their desired shapes on the paper with the pencil. Then have them put together all their designs before gluing them on a clean canvas to complete the masterpiece.
For more ideas about this activity, check out Mom to 2 Lil Polish Divas.
Photo from Frogs and Snails and Puppy Dog Tails
This is an easy activity that kids can do by themselves. It’s also an inexpensive craft project that creates amazing results. All you need are some straws and your trusted pair of scissors!
Plastic straws are best for this activity because they’re soft and easy to cut through. You can add more fun to this activity by turning the cut-out straws into homemade necklaces or bracelets when put together with a string.
As the name of this activity suggests, all you need are your empty toilet rolls, your trusted scissors, and some googly eyes to complete the look. Make sure to supervise the little ones while they are doing this activity!
Check out Lalymom to check the complete guide to this cutting activity for toddlers.
Using washi tape, which is one of our favorite craft supplies, is a very easy way to work on fine motor skills with scissors. To make the most out of this activity, have your toddler do it when you need the washi tape for another craft activity. This way, no washi tape will go to waste!
Check out how it’s done at Happy Toddler Playtime.
Lettering cutouts are a fun way to practice cutting. They’re also great for learning how to read, so when you get lettering cut out that says “Mommy,” your toddler can read it!
As you’re cutting the letters, talk about what direction they go, as you would when teaching them how to write the alphabet. It would help if the cutouts had arrows, too! This activity also allows you to teach your little ones about left and right and up and down.
Discover more ways to cut and paste letters from The Kindergarten Connection.
Have your kids create a bowl of jewel-like gelatin (think Jell-O) through this cutting activity! Gelatin is a great product to help teach your toddlers how to use scissors properly and improve their fine motor skills. Have your child cut the gelatin in various ways to make fun and interesting shapes.
Learn more about this cutting activity for toddlers from Nurture Store.
Tell your child that the bears are stuck and that he or she can only use scissors to save them. Making up a story will help develop creativity, language skills, and communication. As your child holds on to the tiny bears, their hand muscles will get stronger.
Learn more about this activity from Days with Grey.
Have your toddler make a paper salad instead of randomly cutting paper to practice cutting skills.
The papers should be of the same bright colors often found in a salad. Then, have them slice the salad into whatever shapes they think might be present.
Learn more about this activity for toddlers at Moss Wood Connections.
Do you want to teach your children to cut while giving them a little responsibility? Tell them to cut some blades of grass. A child’s ability to use scissors can be developed in a fun and novel way: by cutting grass.
Cutting paper flowers is another fun activity that your toddler will love. Once you’ve mastered the art of flower cutting, you can move on to any number of other crafts. Your child can improve their fine motor skills and their ability to multitask by having them cut out paper flowers. After all, cutting out shapes is one of the most important parts of many learning activities.
Giving their dolls a new hairdo is a great way for your kid to practice using both hands. Make sure that one side of the construction paper stays intact as you cut along the lines. This is going to be the foundation for the fake baby doll hair. Put it on the doll’s head and let your kiddo give it a “haircut”!
Check out the step-by-step guide to this craft from Happy Toddler Playtime.
Straight line cutting is one of the hardest skills to master. Your toddler may need a lot of practice before he or she can successfully cut a straight line, despite the activity’s relative simplicity. Making sure you have enough paper to work on is necessary for this activity. They can use a clean sheet of paper with lines printed on it as a template. Allow them to start by cutting small strips. As soon as they become proficient with this, have them work on cutting longer strips.
It is challenging to cut out a star shape. Then, when you feel they’re ready, you can take their practice to the next level by giving them star-shaped printables to cut out. They can build confidence in cutting stars by starting with larger ones and working their way down to smaller ones. Their hand-eye coordination, dexterity, and focus on detail will all benefit greatly from this.
Check out some awesome star printables at Teaching 2 and 3 year olds. | <urn:uuid:972574e5-6285-4582-9807-f338eae463ff> | https://www.kidorzo.com/cutting-activities-for-toddlers/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.445 | 2.914063 | 0.1234 | general | tutorial | 1,621 |
Humun Bioliogy
Created by abaxter10
11 terms
What are 4 main types of tissue?
connective, muscular, nervous, epithelial
What are 4 tpyes of connective tissue?
fibrous, supportive, bone, fluid
What are the 11 major organ systmes of the body?
integumentary, cardiovascular, lymphatic/ immune, digestive, repiratory, urinary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, reproductive
Explain the purpose of the 3 layers of the integumentary system?
epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous
What are the 3 types of muscle?
smooth, skeletal, cardiac
How do blood and tissue fluid help regulate homeostasis?
they deliver oxygen and nutrients/ carry carbon dioxide and water away
What are the purposes of the cardiovascular system?
transports nucleus and waste.
What does the lymphatic system do? where is it located?
collects excess tissue fluid and returns it to the cardiovascular system.
Differentiate between arteries, veins, and capillaries.
Be able to trace the pulmonary circuit.
Heart attack, stroke, heart failure | <urn:uuid:1b0f93f0-57d0-4130-939f-29e8007eb88b> | http://quizlet.com/6736160/humun-bioliogy-flash-cards/ | dclm_baseline | 0.3243 | 2.316406 | 0 | general | q_and_a | 146 |
Dates: Dec. 21, 1968 – Dec. 27, 1968
The second manned spaceflight mission in the United States Apollo space program, Apollo 8, was launched on December 21, 1968. It became the first manned spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit, reach the Earth's moon, orbit it and return safely to Earth.
Apollo 8 was a specifically memorable journey. It was the first time a spacecraft had orbited the moon and more extraordinary, it was the first time we were provided with a glimpse of our very own planet. A photo that was taken by astronaut Bill Anders,’ titled “Earthrise,” shows the Earth peeking out from beyond the Moon’s surface against the dark eternity of space.
Not only is it famous for the first time the world would get to see its very own planet, but it’s also where the crew of Commander Frank Borman, Command Module Pilot Jim Lovell and Lunar Module Pilot Bill Anders, quoted the book of Genesis as they entered lunar orbit on Christmas Eve. The crew did a live television broadcast from lunar orbit where they showed video of the Earth and the Moon from their point of view. “The vast loneliness is awe-inspiring and it makes you realize just what you have back there on Earth,” said Lovell.
The incredible broadcast paired alongside stunning visuals from space and a fitting reading of the book of Genesis concluded with Borman saying, “And from the crew of Apollo 8, we close with good night, good luck, a Merry Christmas, and God bless all of you—all of you on the good Earth.”
The makings of this mission and the space program don’t begin and end in 1968. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was founded in 1958 after the dissolving of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) that same year. NACA, founded in 1915, was one of the first federal agencies to undertake, promote and regulate aeronautical research. NASA was created to coordinate numerous branches of the United States government, private companies and universities with NACA’s same objectives but to also harness their intelligence in order to develop a space program.
Although President Dwight D. Eisenhower was the first president to put funding into space flight, it was President John F. Kennedy that made it a priority. Tired of losing the “Space Race” to the Soviet Union, Kennedy made it his mission that NASA receive more funding in order to improve space exploration.
On May 25, 1961, in a speech to the House of Representatives before a joint session of Congress, it was Kennedy’s goal to have a man land on the moon before the decade of the 1960s came to a close. With his eventual assassination in 1963, America and the world felt as though they owed the late president this final mission. It was he who turned their sites towards to stars and encouraged looking further.
The mission came together at an alarming rate. The United States Apollo program was the program put in place to land the first men on the Moon. In January 1967, the tragic launch pad fire of Apollo 1 killed the three astronauts, Virgil “Gus” Grissom, Edward White and Roger Chaffee, onboard while testing the module. Almost two years later and Apollo 8 demonstrated everything America needed to do to actually get to the moon (except for the landing phase).
Once Apollo 8 became a success it was practically smooth sailing to the famous Apollo 11.
Although Kennedy would never get to see how his persistence and love for space would become reality, his goal was inevitably achieved on July 20, 1969, when Commander Neil Armstrong and Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin stepped foot on the Moon.
Kennedy’s words still live on far past his unfortunate death. One of his greatest speeches given at Rice University in Texas on September 12, 1962, highlighted why we all should care about space. They made America turn its sights towards the sky, break societal barriers and ultimately proved that our dreams can come true if we all work hard.
Apollo 8 is underrated in what it took to get to that moment and what it prepared us for next. Without it, a man would've never landed on the Moon safely and we may never have had the opportunity to see Earth in its purest form.
Watch the final part of a six-part series about 1968 here: | <urn:uuid:1127a59e-0a7c-4925-b914-3d30a8153197> | https://vocal.media/futurism/1968-the-successful-journey-of-apollo-8 | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.4829 | 2.865234 | 0.2725 | general | expository | 734 |
What is Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
I get this question a lot. And usually, when I try to explain it, I also get a glazed-eye-with-open-mouth look in response. Still, I’ll do my best to define it here.
Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (vEDS) is a genetic connective tissue disorder that makes organ and vascular tissue very fragile. The fragile portion of that definition means that for someone with vEDS (that’s me!), blood vessels, arteries, and organs are prone to spontaneous rupture. The genetic portion of that definition means that it is usually inherited, and also that it is caused by a genetic mutation, specifically a mutation of the COL3A1 gene.
Here’s a Quick Genetic Lesson from Someone Who Barely Remembers High School Biology:
Our DNA is made up of genes. And genes tell our bodies what to do and how to produce things that our bodies need. One of those things is protein and the body makes all different kinds of proteins. Collagen is one of those proteins and the body makes all different types of collagen.
Collagen is like glue; it provides structure and holds the body together. Collagen is found in connective tissues. Connective tissues are called connective tissues for a reason. They keep stuff connected.
The COL3A1 gene instructs the body how to produce Type III Collagen, which is found in the skin, lungs, intestinal walls, and the walls of blood vessels and arteries. Since the COL3A1 gene is mutated for those with vEDS, Type III Collagen isn’t made correctly. So for someone with vEDS, the connective tissues in the skin, lungs, intestines, blood vessels, and arteries are fragile. Hence the spontaneous rupture thing.
The COL3A1 gene can mutate in one of two ways: it either doesn’t produce enough collagen, or it produces a normal amount of collagen, but it’s all faulty.
What Happens to Someone with Vascular Ehlers-Danlos?
Every vEDS patient experience is different, but the disorder manifests itself in similar ways. Those with vEDS often bruise easily and have thin, translucent skin with a lack of subcutaneous (that would be under the skin) tissue. Lobeless ears and hypermobility in small joints are common. And then there’s the spontaneous rupture thing. This means expecting things like a perforated colon (yep, I’ve had that), aneurysms (got em), carotid artery dissection (check), miscarriage and pre-term labor (check, check), collapsed lung (currently not on my medical chart), and aortic dissection (thankfully, not yet). Dissection is a fancy medical way of saying your arteries just cannot adult anymore and they promptly tear.
The life expectancy of someone with vEDS is usually cut short, with the average life expectancy around 50 years. Ongoing blood pressure management and quick triage by medical teams that know how to handle vEDS in the event of an acute emergency are key to survival.
Here’s Why You Might Have Heard of Ehlers-Danlos Before:
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome is actually a group of connective tissue disorders. According to the Ehlers-Danlos Society, there are currently thirteen known subtypes of Ehlers-Danlos (maybe you’ve heard of Hypermobile EDS or Classical EDS). But each type manifests in different ways. A grossly understated example of this is that some of us have fragile blood vessels and organs (that’s the Vascular crowd) while others have unstable and hypermobile joints (that’s the Hypermobile crowd).
Here’s Why You Might Not Have Heard of Ehlers-Danlos Before:
It’s pretty rare, especially the vascular, and uh, rarer types. It has been estimated that Vascular Ehlers-Danlos occurs in about 1 out of every 250,000 people. My geneticist says that vEDS might be more prevalent, but it may be under-diagnosed. Unfortunately, vEDS often isn’t recognized until someone dies from it.
Cures? Treatments? Isn’t there something you can take?
Nope. Nada. Nothing. Vascular Ehlers-Danlos is incurable and untreatable. In our modern world, where medicine is advancing faster than I can learn common core math, this is hard to accept. But this is the reality. I have been told by doctors to prepare my bucket list and live my life well.
What’s With the Zebra Thing?
Apparently, it’s the EDS mascot. Something about an old saying in the medical world that when you hear hoofbeats think horses, not zebras. Most people visiting a doctor would have a common ailment with a common treatment – those would be the horses. But EDS peeps are zebras. Basically, it means EDS is rare. Zebras are cool. I’m down.
You Said it was Inherited?
Yes, I inherited this from my mother. She died at 37 because of it, but we didn’t learn the real reason for her death until my diagnosis in 2016. If someone has vEDS, there is a 50% chance that they would pass it on to each of their children. Sometimes though, vEDS can result from a spontaneous genetic mutation, in which case it would just be…spontaneous…and not inherited.
You have a son, right? Does he have it?
We had my son officially tested for vEDS when he was twelve in 2019 and we are very thankful to report that he does not have it. Vascular EDS does not skip generations and he cannot pass it on to his children. So that means it ends with me. Praise Jesus.
I’m obviously not a doctor, but I try to educate myself on Vascular Ehlers- Danlos Syndrome as much as I can. I’ll update this page as I learn more. But in the meantime, if you have a question that I didn’t answer, feel free to contact me here or you can read more about Ehlers-Danlos here.
Until next time, I’m off to chase my bucket list.
Listen to my vEDS diagnosis story
I’m so thankful to my friend and fellow Vascular Ehlers-Danlos warrior, Katie, for sharing vEDS patient stories in her Staying Connect Podcast. One of the biggest challenges for rare disorders is the need for advocacy and awareness. I am thankful for Katie’s work in the vEDS community and honored to share some of my story here.
Katie and I chat about the medical events that led to my vEDS diagnosis, what I would tell someone who is newly diagnosed, and a bit about how I manage the anxiety that came with it. | <urn:uuid:015b27e1-2427-48aa-a298-f23e187a81a0> | http://therescuedletters.com/about/about-vascular-ehlers-danlos-syndrome/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.443 | 2.537109 | 0.2927 | science | tutorial | 1,025 |
365 S.C. 509 (2005)
618 S.E.2d 307
Luther ALEXANDER, Respondent,
v.
FORKLIFTS UNLIMITED, Employer, Zurich American Insurance Company, Carrier, Appellants.
No. 4000.
Court of Appeals of South Carolina.
Heard May 11, 2005.
Decided June 20, 2005.
Rehearing Denied August 29, 2005.
*511 Stephen L. Brown, Robert Gruber and Matthew K. Mahoney, all of Charleston, for Appellants.
Steven D. Haymond, of Columbia, for Respondent.
WILLIAMS, J.:
Forklifts Unlimited and Zurich American Insurance Company ("Appellants") appeal a circuit court order awarding benefits under the South Carolina Workers' Compensation Act. We reverse.
FACTS / PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Luther Alexander was a forklift mechanic for Forklifts Unlimited. On March 8, 2002, he visited a client's plant to repair a large forklift. The repair required installing a forklift starter, which weighed approximately fifty pounds. This task required him to lift the heavy item in an awkward position.
While lifting the starter, Alexander felt a crack in his neck and heard a sound "like a rubber band snap[ping]." After finishing the job, he drove home, but began experiencing a headache. When Alexander awoke the next morning, he was suffering from a terrible headache and severe dizziness. He also noticed that one side of his face was numb and drooping. Alexander promptly phoned his father, who drove him to a nearby hospital.
The hospital staff referred Alexander to neurologist Dr. Allen Ryder-Cook, who determined that Alexander suffered a stroke inducing dissection of his right vertebral artery. Dr. Ryder-Cook also concluded that the arterial dissection was caused by the physical exertion of installing the forklift starter. Appellants sent Alexander to Dr. James L. Bumgarter for *512 an independent medical examination. Dr. Bumgarter agreed that Alexander suffered a stroke caused by an arterial tear. He concluded that it was quite plausible the tear was caused by Alexander's work activity on March 8.
Alexander filed a workers' compensation claim with the South Carolina Workers' Compensation Commission. The matter was first heard by the single commissioner, who found the arterial tear and resulting stroke were compensable under Shealy v. Aiken County, 341 S.C. 448, 535 S.E.2d 438 (2000), and South Carolina Code section 42-1-160 (1976). The ruling was then appealed to the Full Workers' Compensation Commission. The Full Commission found that Alexander's arterial dissection was, in fact, "an injury by accident arising out of and in the course and scope of the claimant's employment" and therefore compensable, but reversed the single commissioner on one important point. The Full Commission concluded that Alexander's stroke, although a direct result of the arterial tear, "was not caused by unusual or extraordinary conditions of employment or sudden and unexpected exertion or strain." This conclusion was supported, in the commission's view, by evidence that Alexander was familiar with the process of changing a forklift starter, knew that this forklift model had a particularly heavy starter, and commonly lifted items weighing between fifty and eighty pounds in the course of his employment. The Full Commission determined, therefore, that the stroke, viewed as a separate injury from the arterial tear, was not a compensable injury.
Both Alexander and his employer appealed the Full Commission's decision to the circuit court. The circuit court determined there was substantial evidence to support the commission's finding that Alexander's stroke was not the result of unexpected strain or overexertion in the performance of his duties or unusual and extraordinary conditions of employment. The court concluded, however, that because the stroke, according to the findings of the commission and the undisputed medical evidence in the record, was the direct result of an "accident" as contemplated by the Workers' Compensation Act, it was a compensable injury. This appeal followed.
*513 STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Administrative Procedures Act establishes our standard of review for decisions by the South Carolina Workers' Compensation Commission as the "substantial evidence" standard. See Lark v. Bi-Lo, Inc., 276 S.C. 130, 135, 276 S.E.2d 304, 306 (1981). Pursuant to this standard, the factual findings of the Workers' Compensation Commission are presumed correct and will be set aside only if unsupported by substantial evidence. Kearse v. State Health & Human Servs. Fin. Comm'n, 318 S.C. 198, 200, 456 S.E.2d 892, 893 (1995). "Substantial evidence is not a mere scintilla of evidence nor evidence viewed from one side, but such evidence, when the whole record is considered, as would allow reasonable minds to reach the conclusion the Full Commission reached." Shealy, 341 S.C. at 455, 535 S.E.2d at 442. Accordingly, "[w]e can reverse or modify the Full Commission's decision in this case only if [Appellants'] substantial rights have been prejudiced because the decision is affected by an error of law or is clearly erroneous in view of the reliable, probative, and substantial evidence on the whole record." Id. at 454-55, 535 S.E.2d at 442 (citing S.C.Code Ann. § 1-23-380(A)(6)(d), (e) (Supp. 1997)).
LAW / ANALYSIS
Appellants contend the circuit court erred in reversing the Full Commission on the compensability of Alexander's stroke because the stroke was not brought on by sudden or unexpected strain or unusual and extraordinary conditions of employment. On the same grounds, they argue the court erred in affirming the Full Commission's ruling that Alexander's arterial tear was compensable. We reluctantly agree.
As an initial matter, we discuss the prudence of the Full Commission's factual determinations. The Full Commission perspicuously concluded that Alexander's employment conditions at the time of the stroke were not unusual or extraordinary and, at the time of the injury, his physical strain was neither sudden nor unexpected. The circuit court affirmed this factual determination as supported by substantial evidence in the record. Pursuant to our standard of review, we likewise affirm this finding. The Full Commission outlined *514 the evidence it relied upon in reaching this conclusion, citing both Alexander's testimony and that of his co-worker that he had replaced starters before, was familiar with the weight of this particular starter, and would routinely perform this kind of physical exertion in the course of a normal working day. While it may be possible to draw differing conclusions from the evidence in this case, the view of the Full Commission was certainly reachable by reasonable minds and supported by substantial evidence; thus, it must be affirmed. See O'Banner v. Westinghouse Elec. Corp., 319 S.C. 24, 30, 459 S.E.2d 324, 327-28 (Ct.App.1995) ("The possibility of drawing two inconsistent conclusions from the evidence does not prevent the commission's findings from being supported by substantial evidence."); Fair v. Fluor Daniel, 309 S.C. 520, 521, 424 S.E.2d 541, 542 (Ct.App.1992) ("When evidence is in conflict, someone has to determine the true facts. That chore is assigned to the Worker's Compensation Commission.").
The affirmation of this finding leaves this court with the following legal query: under South Carolina law, may a stroke, heart attack, or vascular injury be found compensable in certain circumstances when it is not induced by sudden and unexpected strain or extraordinary conditions of employment? After a thorough review of South Carolina case law applying the special "heart attack standard" for compensability, we must answer this question in the negative.
Simply put, a heart attack constitutes a compensable accident within the meaning of the Workers' Compensation Act if it is induced by unexpected strain or over-exertion in the performance of employment, or by unusual and extraordinary employment conditions. Bridges v. Housing Auth., City of Charleston, 278 S.C. 342, 344, 295 S.E.2d 872, 873-74 (1982). This special standard for determining compensability also applies to cerebral hemorrhages, apoplexy, or other injuries to the blood vessels. Kearse v. South Carolina Wildlife Res. Dep't, 236 S.C. 540, 546, 115 S.E.2d 183, 186-187 (1960); Jennings v. Chambers Dev. Company, 335 S.C. 249, 255, 516 S.E.2d 453, 456 (Ct.App.1999). Because we find no authority clearly expressing an exception to this general rule, we must reverse the circuit court's ruling that Alexander's stroke is compensable. Similarly, because the rule is applicable to vascular injuries as well as strokes and heart attacks, we *515 reverse the Full Commission's ruling that Alexander's underlying arterial dissection, viewed separately from the stroke, was a compensable injury. See id.
The circuit court based its finding of compensability on the fact that Alexander suffered a definite traumatic injury in the course of his employment. In short, the court found that since the medical evidence so clearly reflected a specific injury, which occurred as a result of his job and unmistakably caused his stroke, application of the heart attack standard would be imprudent.
The rationale of the circuit court is notably persuasive. The heart attack standard was established on the sound presumption that illness, injury, or death resulting from certain vascular calamities is "ordinarily the result of natural physiological causes rather than trauma or particular effort." Price v. B.F. Shaw Co., 224 S.C. 89, 97, 77 S.E.2d 491, 494 (1953). Accordingly, it would be patently unfair to hold an employer liable for such injuries through our workers' compensation system based solely on the fact that the employee was at work when the stroke or heart attack occurred. However, when medical causation is so clearly established as a specific traumatic work-related injury, the purposes underlying the application of the heart attack standard are largely absent. The denial of compensation in these rare cases seems to us rather severe, perhaps leading to outcomes not anticipated by the proponents of the standard. This rationale is vaguely referenced in some early case law on the subject. See, e.g., id. at 98, 77 S.E.2d at 495 ("In every case decided by this Court, involving benefits under the [Workers'] Compensation Act resulting from heart conditions or other physiological bodily conditions in which award of benefits were adjudged, there was some unusual or extraordinary condition attached to the work environment, or unusual exertion and strain in the performance of the work, or of course, a definite traumatic injury. . . .) (emphasis added)."
Nevertheless, the requirement that a claimant show he was exposed to unusual and extraordinary conditions of employment or unexpected strain or overexertion to receive benefits for a heart attack, stroke, or vascular injury has been reiterated by our supreme court as recently as 2000. See Shealy, 341 S.C. at 457, 535 S.E.2d at 443. Because South Carolina law *516 does not currently clearly recognize an exception to the general heart attack standard when there is a definite traumatic injury arising in the course of one's employment and because our powers, as an intermediate appellate court, do not permit us to create one,[1] we reluctantly conclude the circuit court and Full Commission erred in finding any of Alexander's injuries compensable.
For the foregoing reasons, the circuit court's order is REVERSED.
HEARN, C.J., and KITTREDGE, J., concur.
NOTES
[1] See Lusk v. Callaham, 287 S.C. 459, 462, 339 S.E.2d 156, 158 (Ct.App.1986) (citing Bain v. Self Mem'l Hosp., 281 S.C. 138, 314 S.E.2d 603 (Ct.App.1984)).
| 82942b678eed5899746cb35c048c5195 | null | pile_freelaw | 0.156 | 0.51709 | 0.2787 | law | expository | 1,794 |
For one brief moment, this star ruled the entire galaxy
Nobody even knew the star V838 Monocerotis existed before it suddenly became the brightest star in the entire Milky Way in January 2002. But we don't actually know why this star suddenly became 600,000 times brighter than the Sun.
The star's brief reign as our galaxy's brightest star didn't last long, and it faded back into obscurity almost as quickly as it had appeared in the first place. Almost a decade later, astronomers still aren't exactly sure what caused this tremendously bright outburst, but there are some theories, one of which is the so-called light echo. A NASA astronomer explains:
| <urn:uuid:e70e9750-009d-4169-97b4-71bcf33e79c5> | http://io9.com/5864848/for-one-brief-moment-this-star-ruled-the-entire-galaxy | dclm_baseline | 0.4166 | 2.001953 | 0.4545 | general | expository | 110 |
I just love it when a teacher steps out and tries something totally new just to see where it goes. Some of the most exciting projects happen when a teacher gives himself or herself permission to say, “Hey, I have this crazy idea”. Mr. Coleman, 4th grade teacher, does this often. He isn’t afraid to step out and try something that no one else has done and look for the miraculous things happening all along the way.
Fourth grade is currently studying colonial life in social studies. He wanted to weave in something from our makerspace or some new type of technology that would allow students to engage with the content in different ways. During a quick brainstorm, we tossed around several ideas and he reflected on them overnight. The next day, he came back with the idea to create stop motion videos that showed the perspectives of various roles in colonial America.
To start, students watched many stop motion videos in class just to see what they looked like. In the library, they came for a tinkering session using Stop Motion Studio. As we usually do during tinkering, I encouraged them to press every button to see what it did. I also told them to not focus on creating a polished product but to try out many different strategies to see what worked best for stop motion. Most of these students had never made a stop motion video before. They grabbed Legos, stuffed animals, and pipe cleaners to use in their videos and got to work.
Mr. Coleman and I walked around and tried to give students tips that we were observing from other groups. The main thing we noticed is that students were constantly moving the iPads which ruined the effect of stop motion. They also weren’t taking enough pictures to show movement. A few students started getting the hang of both of these, so we relied on them some to help other groups. We also found it helpful to regroup and have kids share tips to the whole group as well as share out own tips.
Back in class, students selected a perspective to showcase in a stop motion video. Many students were drawn to either slaves or women. They formed groups and started developing a plan. Across 3 one-hour work sessions they came back to the library to create their videos. They pulled things from makerspace, used objects around the library, brought things from home, and made things to use in their videos. Some groups jumped right into their projects with a lot of success while others had to learn to work together or how to back up and try again. Mr. Coleman also gave them some time to work in class.
I loved how different strategies developed during the work time. Students began using their computers as a setting and stage or used library bookends to help characters stand up.
Mr. Coleman and I constantly walked around to conference with groups. We had them back up and look at their work to see where they might need to add pictures. We also had them talk through their story to see if they had enough to tell a perspective.
As students finished up in their final work session in the library, we exported the videos onto the iPad camera roll and uploaded them to a shared folder in Google Drive.
Mr. Coleman plans to take these videos and continue using them in class. Students might write out scripts and do voice over or maybe they will add music and simply attach an accompanying script. However this goes from here, it was a big leap in using technology and tools we have tinkered with in our makerspace. Many pieces wove together to support a social studies curriclum standard in a creative way. Student interests, creativity, and expertise came into play in many groups. I invite you to take a look at their work in progress. This Youtube playlist is the raw footage that still needs to be finalized, but I always like to show that our work is never really finished. There’s always something more we can do. | <urn:uuid:40ead6a5-0dfe-44ae-804e-76fd827a75ce> | https://expectmiraculous.com/2015/11/13/stop-motion-colonial-perspectives/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3707 | 2.337891 | 0.1447 | education | expository | 691 |
ACCEPTED
03-13-00025-CV
7964490
THIRD COURT OF APPEALS
AUSTIN, TEXAS
11/24/2015 10:19:49 AM
JEFFREY D. KYLE
CLERK
No. 03-13-00025-CV
In the Third Court of Appeals FILED IN
3rd COURT OF APPEALS
Austin, Texas AUSTIN, TEXAS
11/24/2015 10:19:49 AM
Jerry Scarbrough, et al JEFFREY D. KYLE
Clerk
Appellant
v.
Helen Purser, et al.
Appellee
On Appeal from the 146th Judicial District Court of
Bell County, Cause No. 236,117-B
UNOPPOSED
MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE
POST-SUBMISSION BRIEF
TO THE HONORABLE COURT OF APPEALS:
1.
This case was presented to Chief Justice Rose and Justices Field and Borland
on October 22, 2015. Jerry Scarbrough, Melissa Deaton and Denise Steele Pierce
are the appellant/third-party defendants. Helen Purser, Bubba Purser, Elizabeth
Purser Tipton, Sue E. Van Zanten, and JoAnn Purser (the “Purser Family”) are the
appellees/third-party plaintiffs.
2.
On November 12, 2015, counsel for the Pursers filed a post-submission brief,
to answer questions the panel had asked both counsel. Counsel for the third-party
defendants now asks for leave to also answer these questions that were asked of both
parties. Counsel for the Purser Family does not object to the granting of leave to
file.
3.
There have been no prior post-submission briefs in this case except for Mr.
Moore’s submission for the Purser family. It would skew the presentation of this
case if these post-submission briefs were not allowed, because the time allotted to
argument was not enough to properly answer all questions and address all major
issues.
CONCLUSION & PRAYER
Filing of this post-submission brief is unopposed by counsel for the Pursers.
These briefs are not particularly long, but allow the justices’ questions to be
answered.
WHEREFORE, PREMISES CONSIDERED, the third-party defendants ask
this Court for Leave to File Third-Party Defendants’ Post-submission Letter Brief
and for such other and further relief as may be just.
Respectfully submitted,
____/s/ MB CHIMENE_________
THE CHIMENE LAW FIRM
Michele Barber Chimene
TBN 04207500
2827 Linkwood Dr.
Houston, TX. 77025
PH: 832 940-1471; no fax
michelec@airmail.net
CERTIFICATE OF CONFERENCE
Counsel for the third party defendants has attempted to reach Daryl Moore,
counsel for the Purser Family and he has emailed me that he is not opposed, as
witnessed by this signature.
_____/s/ MB CHIMENE
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
The undersigned certifies that on 11/23/15 she served a true and correct copy
of this Motion to Mr. Daryl Moore by email.
_____/s/ MB CHIMENE_________
| 0725dc89cc84112103aea810a905a38a | null | pile_freelaw | 0.0383 | 0 | 0.1276 | law | expository | 392 |
Q:
Green Fog in Color Negative Scan
Can anyone explain what is wrong with this negative scan?
There seems to be some green haze in my scans. At first I thought the green tint was just from the lab not color correcting the scans properly, but it's more than just a color tint, there's some real fogging too.
The film is Cinestill 50D, this is my first time playing with this stuff.
Some example scans:
And a photograph of the negative on the light table:
Hypothesis:
Green tint is from poor scan job but the fog is because negatives were underexposed.
All my other films done with the same camera and meter are correctly exposed, why would this one be any different? Plus, the negative itself looks dense. If anything, it's overexposed for the second shot.
Green fog comes from light leaks in the camera.
All my other films done with the same camera don't have this problem.
Green fog comes from carry-on x-ray at the airport.
This film is an ISO 50 film, so this seems unlikely, however maybe the cine emulsion is more sensitive to x-rays compared to normal photography emulsions?
Green fog comes from poor scan job itself.
I looked at the negative under the light table, honestly, I can't tell.
So, what is it?
A:
There is nothing wrong with those negatives:
So, where is that green fog coming from?
Here's an explanation: As you clearly shown on the third image film negative has an orange layer. (For an explanation of why that is read this link)
If you scan the negative and just invert the colors you are inverting that orange layer as well, and that will give the image that greeish fog.
Most folks would want to color correct and add magenta or do other kinds of distortions to the color of the image, but the key concept is that the orange layer is not part of the picture
In for a longer explanation:
On a negative you would expect the white areas of the image to be recorded as black, and therefore and the black areas should be white.
The orange layer is the unexposed part of the film, no light information has been recorded on it. It is the considered the minimum density of the negative. When turned into positive it should represent the darkest possible value: black.
So... shouldn't the area with the orange be white instead of orange?
It is that simple: that orange information has to be converted into white before we invert the picture, and to do that the information for the orange layer has to be discarded or at least turned into a neutral value that represents the brightest possible point in the image.
Using the curve tool (it can be also done with the levels tool too) find where the pixels for the orange layer are on the histogram, and move the max value of the curve to clip the information so that the max values are white.
Really? discard that much? Yes, is not part of the picture, it should be white or a very very very bright neutral color, so that when it is inverted it represents black.
Once you got rid of that extra information, invert the picture. Your black levels should be correct and neutral and the ratios between the colors should be ready to do proper color balancing.
Note that because of the relative low density of negative film and because you will be throwing away a lot of information, and stretching the curves (or levels) significantly, it only makes sense to digitize using a high bit depth of 16 bit per channel or better (AKA 48 bits per pixel or better)
The best place to find the values for the orange mask are in the edges of the pictures, but a segment of unexposed film can save you a lot of guessing.
When digitizing a full roll of film is surprisingly easy to get consistent results. Once you found the values for the orange layer, you can pretty much use that setting for the whole roll and it should work (For that I recommend scanning or digitizing with a fixed exposure and avoiding any kind of auto-color auto-exposure or auto-anything)
| cef69b5865b1bdd14115203d33e30b91 | null | pile_stackexchange | 0.2012 | 0.682617 | 0.3521 | technology | q_and_a | 710 |
Q:
C static funtions accesible outside of file?
I used code blocks to make a project with main.c:
#include <stdio.h>
#include "t.h"
int main()
{
printf("%c\n", return_f('f'));
printf("%c\n", return_f(return_char(71)));
printf("%d\n", STATIC_INT);
return 0;
}
And t.h:
static int STATIC_INT = 14;
static unsigned char return_char(char n){
return (n/2 + 9);
}
unsigned char return_f(char n){
return ((n=='f' || n=='F') ? n+1 : 'f');
}
Since I assume static should limit globals and functions to their files, how does it allow to run/print out:
g
f
14
Or is that just not how it's supposed to work?
A:
t.h is included textually before the actual compilation process takes place. Therefore static int STATIC_INT = 14; is part of your main.c file.
The real problem is that you are declaring variables in a header file which is almost always wrong.
| 98ebc83be8d161110c04510545d05908 | null | pile_stackexchange | 0.3932 | 1.255859 | 0.7246 | technology | q_and_a | 138 |
We are lucky in North America! The incidence of many infectious and parasitic diseases is much less than other areas of the world. However, take heed and be on the alert as new diseases emerge and old ones re-emerge all the time: Who had heard of Lyme disease or parvovirus 40 years ago?
Recent studies have shown that Chagas disease, a single-celled parasite spread by an insect sometimes known as the “kissing bug”, is well-established in Texas, and that it’s here to stay. While the number of diagnosed infections over the last twenty years has been less than 1,000, it’s important to keep in mind that around 40% of those infections were diagnosed after the dog died.
Not all new diseases are as fatal or devastating, and this isn’t to say that Chagas disease will become a problem in the US. The take-home is that new diseases will emerge in North America, especially given the increase in pet travel and climate change.
What’s looming ahead, and what are we doing about it?
The veterinary world is already keeping a close eye on Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis, three diseases spread by ticks and prevalent in certain regions in North America. Leishmaniasis, a protozoal parasite spread by sand flies, is generally associated with places like India and the Amazon basin, but it has occurred in the United States and could become more of a problem. Fortunately, it’s still rather rare. Then there’s babesiosis, a malaria-like disease; bartonellosis (spread by fleas and ticks), a bacterial infection: cytauxzoonosis, spread by ticks. . .
You may have noticed that the common thread here is that these diseases are spread by arthropods (“bugs”). Not all diseases are, of course, but many are, and these few should provide incentive enough to keep up with your flea and tick prevention. Remember that your veterinary visit isn’t just for vaccines and a physical, it’s for education. Keep reading the news as well. There’s no reason to become obsessive, but part of being a responsible pet owner is keeping abreast of current developments—six months to a year in between appointments is a long time in the world of medicine. | <urn:uuid:627b0e2b-a25a-45ea-bceb-b879a1fe1c8d> | https://blooranimalhospital.ca/news/dont-take-flea-and-tick-prevention-for-granted/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3403 | 2.132813 | 0.1389 | medicine | q_and_a | 360 |
The perils of nurses accepting gifts from their patients.
There are few perks to being a nurse. The pay is poor, the working conditions often challenging and the pension is not what it once was. At the same time, patients have never been so demanding, with expectations sometimes being unreasonable. | 9f083a49c141cfe8283daf0a66f0b0e5 | null | pile_pubmed | 0.1902 | 1.358398 | 0 | medicine | expository | 50 |
# common multiples of two sets of numbers
I am working on a programming problem and I have broken the problem down into finding the amount of common multiples less than $n$ ($n<10^{18}$) between two sets of numbers (where the size of the sets is no less than one and no greater than three). For example:
set1 $= \{a, b, c\}$
set2 $= \{d, e\}$
$n = 10000$ So the problem would be, how many numbers between $1$ and $10000$ are divisible by at least one number from each set. One solution would be to iterate $1$ through $n$ and test each number, however this is too time consuming when $n$ is very large so I am looking for a mathematical solution.
I have worked out, to calculate the number of unique multiples of just one set you would do something like;
$$(n/a) + (n/b) + (n/c) - (n/\operatorname{lcm}(a,b)) - (n/\operatorname{lcm}(a,c)) - (n/\operatorname{lcm}(c,b)) + (n/\operatorname{lcm}(a,b,c))$$ (this would be integer division)
I am just wondering if I could use this sort of logic to solve the whole problem or if I am barking up the wrong tree, thanks for any help.
- | 2ef5b4cd2fe938d355e2e3c8f66cf7d4 | http://math.stackexchange.com/questions/129742/common-multiples-of-two-sets-of-numbers | open_web_math | 0.4494 | 2.087891 | 0.5236 | mathematics | expository | 191 |
Smallpox is an infectious disease that was highly contagious and often left infected people with disfiguring scars. Symptoms included fever, vomiting, mouth sores, and a terrible skin rash. No cure exists for smallpox, although there is a vaccine to prevent it. Fortunately, though, it was declared globally eradicated in 1980. The last naturally occurring case of smallpox occurred in 1977. Some samples of the virus, however, have been saved so that researchers can understand more about what caused this illness and how to prevent it in the future.
A viral infection caused smallpox — specifically, the variola virus. Experts believe two variants, variola major and variola minor, are to blame for the spread of the disease. The first appearance of smallpox in history is unknown, but researchers and historians posit that this virus evolved from another virus affecting African rodents between 68,000 and 16,000 years ago. Research suggests Variola major originated in Asia, while variola minor came from West Africa at a later time. Both spread across the globe at an alarming rate when the illness was active.
How Was it Spread?
Smallpox was spread directly from person to person through lengthy, face-to-face contact. It was transmitted via airborne droplets formed when a person sneezed, coughed, or spoke. It could also be spread indirectly, possibly through ventilation systems. Contact with contaminated bedclothes, clothing and other personal items was another way to contract the illness. There are rumors that it could be spread deliberately as a terrorist attack, but this threat it very remote and likely just fodder for television.
Smallpox Treatments: a Vaccine
There is no proven cure for smallpox. There is, however, a smallpox vaccine. This vaccine can keep one from getting the virus when taken before exposure to it. It may also protect someone who takes it within three days of exposure. If taken within four to seven days of exposure, prevention is less likely, but the illness may be less severe. This vaccine is not available to the public, as the virus no longer occurs in nature. However, there is enough of the vaccine in storage to vaccinate every single person in the United States, should an outbreak occur.
Smallpox Treatments: Antiviral Drugs
There is no official treatment for smallpox, but some antiviral drugs may keep the illness from getting worse. Laboratory tests show these drugs can successfully fight the virus. It has been given to healthy people as well and has few to no side effects. The Center for Disease Control has stockpiled these drugs in the event of another outbreak.
Criticisms of Treatment Plans
While antiviral drugs are effective against smallpox in a laboratory setting, there is no way to know if they would effectively treat the disease in real, live humans. Since it is not a naturally occurring illness anymore, testing of this treatment method has not and cannot occur on actual people with smallpox. For this reason, public faith in these treatment plans is relatively low.
As it is, for all intents and purposes, a dead disease, there is no need to actively try to prevent it in the current day and age. Hypothetically, however, a prevention plan would include isolating the diagnosed individuals to keep it from spreading. Prompt administration of the smallpox vaccine would also take place. These measures would likely not only stop the spread of the virus but also shorten the length of time one suffers from it.
Why Aren’t Children Given the Smallpox Vaccine as a Safety Measure?
Most people in the United States have their children vaccinated against illnesses like mumps, measles, and rubella, so why not vaccinate against smallpox too? As previously discussed, the CDC stores the smallpox vaccine in a safe place in case society ever needs it. However, this vaccine consists of a live virus that is not the virus itself but similar. Reports show it can, in some cases, cause major side effects such as infections of the heart or brain. For this reason, experts recommend against administering it unnecessarily, especially to infants. Unless there is an actual outbreak, the hazards of this vaccine outweigh the possible health benefits.
How Long Would the Smallpox Vaccine be Effective if Used?
The smallpox vaccine is not likely to be given to children anytime soon. However, there are many studies about its effectiveness and how long the protection would last if they received it as a child. According to lab reports, partial or full immunity to the virus would last up to ten years following vaccination. Revaccination could extend this up to twenty years. If an outbreak ever did occur, though, even the people who received the vaccine as a child would be given a new vaccine, just to be safe.
Most people who got it lived to tell the tale. They often had permanent disfiguring scars, however. Smallpox could also cause blindness if the illness moved to the eyes. A few types of the virus are fatal, however. The people most commonly affected by these more intense strains were pregnant women, older adults, and those with otherwise compromised immune systems. Should the virus reappear, these same groups would likely be most affected, again.
Smallpox has been globally eradicated, but the fact that samples of the virus are saved and studied in labs puts many people on edge. Several theories and concerns stem from the fact that it is possible foreign or domestic terrorists could use the virus samples to cause a new outbreak. While this seems more like fodder for fiction books and spy movies, it is a remote possibility according to many scientific sources. It is for this reason that the vaccine and other medications are stockpiled as well. | <urn:uuid:38bf0636-0c73-44ac-a3d3-ce6138c4f657> | https://supernutritious.net/causes-and-treatments-of-smallpox/ | fineweb_edu_high | 0.4356 | 2.658203 | 0.2116 | medicine | expository | 945 |
Trees as environmental sentinels.
Trees are reliable indicators of the long-term effects of atmospheric pollution. As the botanical big game of the planet they are also standing guard and may be providing a warning signal about our own future. | 3f1c3196e53cd26a20ec449f50b20a81 | null | pile_pubmed | 0.2841 | 2.029297 | 0 | medicine | expository | 39 |
Turkey detains suspected ex-ISIL executioner BURSA Turkish police have detained a suspected former executioner for the ISIL in Syria, state-run Anadolu Agency reported on Feb. 17. The 50-year-old Syrian, known by his nickname "Abu Taki al-Shami", was detained at a construction site on Feb. 17 in the northwestern Bursa province. He had become a gas repairman when he returned to civilian life in Turkey, according to local media reports. Anadolu Agency described him as an executioner for a senior ISIL leader in the Deir Ezzor region of eastern Syria. A video of his detention showed him in work clothes and closely shaved. It is suspected that he is the same man videoed several years ago in Syria with a full beard, killing a civilian with a shot to the back of the head. Three others were detained in Bursa on Feb. 18 over suspected ISIL links. The detentions came after Turkish anti-terrorism and intelligence units commenced operations, after locating the ISIL terrorist identified only as Y.A.A., codenamed Abu Taki al-Shami. Authorities said the suspects include an intelligence operative of the terror group. Turkey was one of the first countries to recognize ISIL as a terror group in 2013, as soon as it emerged. The country has since been attacked by ISIL terrorists numerous times, including 10 suicide bombings, seven bombings and four armed attacks which killed 315 people and injured hundreds., In response, Turkey launched military and police operations at home and abroad to prevent further terror attacks. | 85e27add06d3c61e5ab99373c7be309f | null | ccnews | 0.1372 | 0.11615 | 0.4032 | news | expository | 248 |
<reponame>Fantom-foundation/opera-jet-api-graphql<gh_stars>1-10
// Package types implements different core types of the API.
package types
import (
"encoding/json"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
"github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common/hexutil"
)
// Transaction represents a basic information provided by the API about transaction inside Opera blockchain.
type Transaction struct {
// BlockHash represents hash of the block where this transaction was in. nil when its pending.
BlockHash *Hash `json:"blockHash"`
// BlockNumber represents number of the block where this transaction was in. nil when its pending.
BlockNumber *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"blockNumber"`
// From represents address of the sender.
From common.Address `json:"from"`
// Gas represents gas provided by the sender.
Gas hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gas"`
// Gas represents gas provided by the sender.
GasUsed *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"gasUsed"`
// CumulativeGasUsed represents the total amount of gas used when this transaction was executed in the block.
CumulativeGasUsed *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"-"`
// Hash represents 32 bytes hash of the transaction.
Hash Hash `json:"hash"`
// Nonce represents the number of transactions made by the sender prior to this one.
Nonce hexutil.Uint64 `json:"nonce"`
// To represents the address of the receiver. nil when its a contract creation transaction.
To *common.Address `json:"to"`
// ContractAddress represents the address of contract created, if a contract creation transaction, otherwise nil.
ContractAddress *common.Address `json:"contract"`
// TrxIndex represents integer of the transaction's index position in the block. nil when its pending.
TrxIndex *hexutil.Uint `json:"transactionIndex"`
// Value represents value transferred in Wei.
Value hexutil.Big `json:"value"`
// Input represents the data send along with the transaction.
InputData hexutil.Bytes `json:"input"`
// Index represents integer of the transaction's index position in the block.
Index *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"index"`
// Status represents transaction status; value is either 1 (success) or 0 (failure)
Status *hexutil.Uint64 `json:"status"`
}
// UnmarshalTransaction parses the JSON-encoded block data.
func UnmarshalTransaction(data []byte) (*Transaction, error) {
var trx Transaction
err := json.Unmarshal(data, &trx)
return &trx, err
}
// Marshal returns the JSON encoding of transaction.
func (trx *Transaction) Marshal() ([]byte, error) {
return json.Marshal(trx)
}
| 850a32476a3b5497b0b979bbf23f4dc9 | Fantom-foundation/opera-jet-api-graphql | the_stack_code | 0.1609 | 1.149414 | 0 | technology | expository | 310 |
Have a question?
When scientists say the Earth has warmed by 1° Celsius, which parts of the planet are being measured?
The parts of the planet being measured are our land and ocean surfaces: what we call global average surface temperatures.
December 2, 2021
In conversations about global warming, we often hear about 1°, 1.5°, or 2° Celsius—as in the Paris Agreement, where countries declared a goal to stop the world from warming any more than 1.5° C. But the world is a huge place, including deep oceans and layers of atmosphere extending many miles into space. It can be a little unclear what is actually being measured when scientists talk about the planet getting warmer.
Measures of global warming refer to our global average surface temperatures—that is, air temperatures taken right at the surface of the sea and land. These temperatures are collected across the world every day, week and month, and are combined to give us a global average. (When you read a sentence like “the world has already warmed about 1° C,” what is usually being looked at is yearly global averages starting from a certain year.)
Today, we get temperature measurements from a variety of tools including thermometers, satellites, buoys sprinkled across the world, and now even crowd-sourced data, explains Dr. Adam Schlosser, Deputy Director for Science Research at the MIT Joint Program on the Science and Policy of Global Change. These temperatures are collected and analyzed independently among different research institutes to construct their own datasets.1 Over the past 130 years, these datasets show a consistent trend of warming, and they also agree closely year by year.
Why do we focus on surface temperatures? Quite frankly—it’s easy to measure this, and humans have been doing so for a long time. Global temperature record keeping is said to have begun around 1880, when temperatures began to be recorded in enough places to get an accurate reading of global temperatures. This gives us almost 150 years of surface temperature data, something we certainly don’t have for the stratosphere or the ocean floor. When you read headlines that say “warmest summer on record,” or “winter and February 2020 end as second warmest on record for the globe,” we are able to determine this through our nearly 150 year record of global average surface temperatures.
There is also a practical reason to pay special attention to surface temperatures. They tell us a lot about climate change in the troposphere, the lowest layer of Earth's atmosphere—where we live, where all planetary life dwells, and where nearly all weather takes place. “If we affect the troposphere on the whole, that affects the biosphere,” says Schlosser, referring to the worldwide ecosystem of all living things. And indeed, we can already observe the impacts of a warming troposphere in both subtle and dramatic ways, including sea level rise, more severe weather and more compounding climate change effects like storm surges and heightened flooding.
This doesn’t mean climate change is only changing temperatures at the Earth’s surface. When you zoom out of the troposphere, things can get murkier. Starting in the mid-1970s, satellite measurements have shown that the stratosphere, the next layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere, is actually cooling. The reasons for this are complex, but in part, it’s a result of the same greenhouse effect that is warming the Earth’s surface: as the atmosphere gets higher and thinner, greenhouse gases tend to radiate heat out into space instead of down toward the Earth.
Thank you to Willa of Montreal, Quebec, for the question. You can submit your own question to Ask MIT Climate here.
1 Two widely used datasets on global temperatures are created in the U.S.: NASA’s GISTEMP dataset and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s MLOST dataset. Other prominent datasets include HadCRUT4, jointly created by the University of East Anglia and the UK Met Office Hadley Centre, and one produced by The Japan Meteorological Agency. | <urn:uuid:aba89c13-9b1e-4e1b-b6d5-b324804cb1d5> | https://climate.mit.edu/ask-mit/when-scientists-say-earth-has-warmed-1deg-celsius-which-parts-planet-are-being-measured | fineweb_edu_high | 0.4783 | 3.089844 | 0.1524 | general | q_and_a | 656 |
ES Mathematics Parent Guide
WE BELIEVE MATHEMATICS IS BEST TAUGHT …
- Using a Math Workshop approach: Elements: mini lesson; differentiated groups/conferencing/goal setting/independent and small group practise; reflection and sharing.
- Using a ‘Math Journal’ to record student thinking, show student growth and highlight areas for further instruction and goal setting.
- By analysing student work to improve instruction and ultimately student learning.
WE BELIEVE THAT STUDENTS BECOME MATHEMATICALLY PROFICIENT AND FLUENT …
- By developing mathematical confidence and a love of mathematics.
- By taking ownership of their learning and setting personal mathematical goals.
- When they work in their Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD).
- When given opportunities to solve real life and life like problems to cultivate their sense of number and develop strong mathematical practises.
- When they have opportunities to construct meaning using an inquiry approach to learning.
- When challenged to think by explaining, listening and problem solving.
- When encouraged to use a common language to discuss mathematics.
- By developing mental strategies first using materials, then using imaging and lastly using number properties.
- Through a balanced development of both number knowledge and operational strategies so they can be efficient, flexible and accurate when solving mathematical problems.
WE AGREE TO …
- Use curriculum maps to articulate the length and order of the math units in each respective grade.
- Use the AISJ Standards and Benchmarks and Scope and Sequence documents to plan units of study using the AISJ UbD format on Atlas Rubicon.
- Use AISJ Standards and Benchmarks and Scope and Sequence documents to create rubrics and common assessments (formative and summative) for each unit of study.
- Implement the GloSS & IKAN and/or JAM standardised assessments (depending on grade level or developmental stage), twice a year according to the AISJ Elementary Assessment Overview.
- Develop ‘I Can …’ statements and communicate these with students and parents regularly to inform them about learning, areas of strength and growth.
- Use homework to reinforce concepts, knowledge and skills already taught in class as necessary. It is understood that this will vary depending on the developmental stages of children. | <urn:uuid:f097850b-19ad-40a6-986c-7e876c134789> | https://www.aisj-jhb.com/es-mathematics-parent-guide | fineweb_edu_high | 0.5323 | 3.501953 | 0.1401 | education | expository | 357 |
# Zoran Skoda affine space
Let $V$ be a $n$-dimensional vector space over a fixed field $k$. A set $\mathcal{B}$ is called an affine space of dimension $n$ iff it carries a free and transitive action of the additive group of the vector space $V$.
Thus an affine space is formally a triple $(\mathcal{B},V,\mu)$ where $\mu$ is the action. We also write $a + v \stackrel{def}{=} \mu(v,a)$.
Let $a, b \in \mathcal{B}$. Then by transitivity of the action, there is an element $v \in V$ such that $b = a + v$. By freeness such an element is unique so we denote that unique element by $b-a$. Thus $a + ( b - a ) = b$. Other immediate properties are $a - a = 0$, and $c + (b - a) = b + (c - a)$ what justifies skipping some brackets. A proof of the last equality goes as follows:
$c + (b - a) = (b + (c - b)) + (b - a) = b + ((c-b) + (b-a)) = b + (c - a).$
For each point $a\in \mathcal{B}$ we define a map $\phi_a : \mathcal{B} \rightarrow V$ by $\phi_a(b) = b-a$. This map is bijective and therefore there is a unique vector space structure on $\mathcal{B}$ which makes $\phi_a$ an isomorphism of vector spaces. That vector space structure on $\mathcal{B}$ depends on $a \in \mathcal{B}$; thus we will denote it by $V_a$. For each pair $(a,b) \in \mathcal{B} \times \mathcal{B}$ we can therefore define vector space isomorphisms $\phi_{ab} = \phi^{-1}_a \circ \phi_b : V_b \rightarrow V_a$ and $\psi_{ab} = \phi_a \circ \phi^{-1}_b : V \rightarrow V$.
Let $(\mathcal{B},V,\mu)$ and $(\mathcal{B}',V',\mu')$ be two affine spaces. A map of sets $A : \mathcal{B} \rightarrow \mathcal{B}'$ is called an affine map if $\exists$ a linear map $L : V \rightarrow V'$ such that
$A(a + v) = A(a) + L v, \,\,\forall v \in V. \,\,\,\,(1)$
In other words, $(A\circ \mu)(v,a) = \mu'(L v,A(a))$. That property is satisfied iff it is satisfied for a single $a = p \in \mathcal{B}$. On the other hand each element $b \in \mathcal{B}$ can be represented as $p + (b - p)$ so that if we are given two points $p \in \mathcal{B}, q \in \mathcal{B}'$ and a linear map $L : V \rightarrow V'$ then $\exists !$ affine map $A : \mathcal{B}\rightarrow \mathcal{B}$ such that the equation (1) holds and $A(p) = q$. | 5d92e35c4e684ada8791d7581ef76c62 | https://ncatlab.org/zoranskoda/show/affine%20space | open_web_math | 0.3557 | 1.743164 | 0.3722 | mathematics | argument | 403 |
Three Rivers
Reading Group Guide
1. The author began writing this book after reading a newspaper article about a baptism gone wrong. Does knowing the baptism scene was inspired by true events change your reading of the book? In what way?
2. In Chapter Four, George Walter says to Melody: “You have choices to make.” Melody, Obi, and Geneva all make pivotal choices throughout the book. Discuss how the choices they make affect their fates.
3. Three Rivers deals with religious belief, superstition, and myth. What is the book trying to say about the differences or similarities between various belief systems?
4. Melody resents her mother, but is affectionate toward her father. Both her parents can be difficult and hard to like. Why is she kinder and more forgiving toward her father? Why does she resent her mother so much?
5. Obi is determined to give his son a better life. In pursuit of this, he makes the unconventional choice to live as a drifter along the rivers of the Mississippi Delta. It’s a choice that puts both his son and him at risk in many ways. What are some of the perils of living the way Obi and Liam live? What are the benefits? Is he really giving Liam a better life?
6. Pisa is described as having “a gift.” Given the events of the story, do you think Pisa actually has the ability to foretell or change the future? Or is she running a good con? Does it matter?
7. When Melody discovers the true nature of the relationship between Bobby and Maurice, she is shocked and angry. Why does she react the way she does? Is she, as Maurice accuses, either bigoted or racist? Or is it something else?
8. In Chapter Twenty-four, we learn a dark secret about Geneva’s past. How does this change the way you feel about Geneva? Does it make her more or less likeable as a character? | <urn:uuid:14386a99-1e28-40a2-8c8e-7b75577e371b> | https://www.tiffanyquaytyson.com/reading-group-guides-and-more/three-rivers/ | dclm_baseline | 0.3804 | 2.716797 | 0 | general | q_and_a | 325 |
Q:
Print duration with an add-in which changes fonts
I'm creating an add-in for word which change one font to another one just before printing.
Everything works well but It takes five minutes to print a page.
I'm using Range.Font.Name to change the font for each character using the font I want to replace.
How could I accelerate the process in order to have a normal printing time?
A:
I've managed to reduce the time needed to print by using a "foreach" loop instead of a "for"
| ac58afdd53c2e3ad977ac8c804be53ca | null | pile_stackexchange | 0.2002 | 1.429688 | 0 | technology | q_and_a | 87 |
Written by: on November 27, 2017 @ 12:28 pm
As the temperature drops, the coats and scarves come out and you probably barely think about heat -unless you leave your coat behind! Have you ever wondered about how we keep the heat or why we need it? Or how animals and humans differ? What would you need to survive in the extreme cold?
All creatures have an optimal temperature their body needs to achieve proper function. Warm-blooded creatures (endotherms) can regulate their body so it stays at a constant temperature. So naturally if you were in an extremely cold environment your body will have to work overtime to stay warm! How is the heat escaping?
On the Move
Heat radiates out and diffuses from an area of high concentration (your body) to areas of lower concentration (everywhere else) through either conduction or convection. Conduction is transfer of heat between two solid surfaces. So, if you sit in the snow heat will escape via your direct contact with the snow. Convection is the transfer of heat between a mass (i.e. you) and a moving fluid or gas. So, if you are standing outside and an icy wind blows past you, it is pulling heat away from you. Same thing is true if you jumped in the Arctic Ocean. Your heat will escape in the passing chilly water.
The heat from a warm-blooded human or polar bear in the Arctic is constantly trying to escape and move away from the body through these two mechanisms. The goal in these extreme environments is to either contain your body heat and stop its movement, or at least slow it down so the internal body mechanisms can keep up with production.
Capture the Heat
What are some ways your body stays warm and what are some things you can do?
• Fuel your fire – make sure you are well fed and hydrated so your body can burn extra calories to maintain your core temperature.
• Shivering – This is actually a warning that you are too cold. Your muscles spontaneously contract to burn calories and generate heat to increase or maintain your core temperature. If you are shivering, you should get somewhere warm or put on more layers. It is one of the last lines of defense your body has to prevent hypothermia.
• Layer up – Adding clothing layers traps air and slows the transfer of heat. This insulation, especially if your coat is waterproof, is a powerful way to keep the heat in.
• Shelters – such as igloos in the artic, or your own house are designed to trap heat and keep you and your environment warm.
Animals versus Humans – how do they capture the heat? What do you think makes animals and humans different when it comes to the cold? Animals have evolved many different adaptations to allow them to cope with extreme cold.
Polar bears have both an extra layer of fat and special fur. Their special coat features two types of fur: long oily guard hairs and short insulating hairs. Together these different types of hair help the polar bear stay warm. The oily guard hairs are hollow allowing them to trap warmth and bring it close to the skin. They also provide an oily outer layer which prevents the polar bear from getting wet and losing heat via convection. The shorter insulating hairs help polar bears stay warm by trapping heat close to the skin. Under their fur, polar bears have black skin which is good for absorbing the rays of the arctic sun. Plus, their coat is white, which is helpful for camouflage, and reflects light making it a poor conductor of heat.
Whales, seals, walruses are all examples of marine mammals that use blubber to stay warm. Blubber is just an extra layer of insulating fat, which keeps their internal heat from escaping. Having blubber means those animals can swim in the cold arctic ocean without getting a cold or hypothermia.
Otters are an interesting marine mammal that can survive in the icy ocean, but don’t have blubber. Otters have a super dense, double-layered coat of up to a million hairs per square inch! That fur is designed to be water-proof and capture pockets of air. All that air makes them float and works just as well as a layer of blubber.
Humans on the other hand must add something to their body to stay warm. The simplest solution for early humans was to wear the skins and pelts of these animals. We basically borrowed the animal adaptations by making clothes out of animal skin – everything from seal and caribou to rabbit and bear. Eskimos even make waterproof parkas from the skins of marine mammals.
Modern fabric technology:
Scientists and engineers have been able to replicate these animal adaptations in a variety of ways.
• Fleece is similar to wool and very efficient at keeping you warm by trapping air and adding insulation to your layers. Guess what – it’s made of plastic polymer! Its polyester fiber can even be made from recycled bottles.
• Nanowire tech – a newer technology that features special metallic fibers that trap air and can even be used to generate heat when a charge is run through them.
• Adaptable smart fabric –Astronauts wear a temperature regulating suit under their space suit that circulates liquids and helps them maintain a constant temperature. Scientists have been studying a way to create something similar to this for everyday use. Imagine wearing a light weight shirt that adjusts to the temperature no matter where you are. Almost like having a central air system right next to your skin.
• Synthetic furs and fabrics- Also we can spare the rabbits and other animals and manufacture faux fur and other coverings that keep the adaptation and hold the slaughter.
Bundle up your layers and stay warm this winter just like a polar bear!
Tags: , , , , , , , ,
Catogories: E-News HTHT
Leave a Reply | <urn:uuid:107b7f25-1663-4e0f-ad81-f2255b03894e> | https://sciencemadefun.net/blog/turning-up-the-heat/ | dclm_baseline | 0.3752 | 2.466797 | 0.0994 | general | q_and_a | 1,006 |
Augsburg’s STEM programs took an important step towards sustainability on December 8 by signing the Green Chemistry Commitment.
Green chemistry is the design of chemical products and processes that reduce the use or generation of hazardous substances. “It’s benign by design,” says Associate Professor Michael Wentzel, whose own research focuses on the development of green synthetic methods in the field of sustainable chemistry.
In his role as department chair and undergraduate summer research coordinator, Wentzel works to help students build their science communication skills—a crucial factor in advancing systemic change for a sustainable future.
One way to communicate the magnitude of a big step forward? Print up the biggest possible certificate.
Having signed on, Augsburg joins more than 50 other institutions that have agreed to integrate green chemistry across the curriculum and sub-disciplines of chemistry. A primary goal of the commitment is that upon graduation, all chemistry majors will:
- Have a working knowledge of the twelve principles of green chemistry.
- Have an understanding of the principles of toxicology, the molecular mechanisms by which chemicals affect human health and the environment, and the resources to identify and assess molecular hazards.
- Be able to to assess chemical products and processes and design greener alternatives when appropriate.
- Be prepared to serve society as scientists and professionals through the articulation, evaluation, and employment of methods and chemicals that are benign for human health and the environment.
Beyond Benign is a nonprofit organization founded in 2007 to provide educators with the tools, training and support to make green chemistry an integral part of chemistry education. Through programs like the Green Chemistry Commitment, they work to help catalyze the development of green technological innovations that result in safer products and processes in support of a sustainable, healthy society. | <urn:uuid:10254783-1904-4263-aa68-4423159b9a68> | https://www.augsburg.edu/news/2022/12/12/augsburg-signs-green-chemistry-commitment/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3377 | 2.412109 | 0 | general | expository | 296 |
# Perfect square product among 17 integers
Using pigeon hole principle prove that:
a) among 17 positive integers solely consisting of prime factors 2,3,5,7 product of two of them is a perfect square
b) among 49 positive integers solely consisting of prime factors 2,3,5,7 product of four of them is 4th power of a positive integer.
Please judge my solution for part a: because we have more than 2 numbers and hence more than 2 different powers for each prime in each number,so certainly there are at least 2 odd or 2 even powers for each prime in 17 numbers,so the product of such numbers is certainly perfect square.
By the way,I have no solution for part b.
• Since you tagged it with pigeonhole-principle, maybe you could be a bit more explicit about exactly what your pigeon holes are. I can see that somewhere behind your text all the right ideas are present, but I can't quite see that you have put them together the right way. – Arthur Dec 15 '17 at 16:15
• Not following your solution for $a$. You are right to look at the parity of the exponents, and as there are two options for parity and four primes there are $2^4=16$ possible parity choices. As you have $17$ numbers.... – lulu Dec 15 '17 at 16:16
• @Arthur The holes are possible remainders modulo 2 – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 15 '17 at 16:17
• @lulu So do you think part might be true for 3 numbers instead of 17?! – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 15 '17 at 16:18
• The possible remainders of what modulo 2? The chosen numbers? That's only two holes. Be explicit, please. – Arthur Dec 15 '17 at 16:18
Solution for b): For a solution we will use a). Say a pair of numbers $x,y$ is good if their product is a perfect square.
From $49$ numbers take any $17$ numbers, then we have a good pair $a_1,a_2$ among them.
Now from the rest of the $47$ numbers take any $17$ numbers, then we have a good pair $a_3,a_4$ among them.
Now from the rest of the $45$ numbers take any $17$ numbers, then we have a good pair $a_5,a_6$ among them.
and so on. We repeat this process until we get last good pair $a_{33},a_{34}$ (and we are left wit $15$ numbers so that we can't repeat the process).
Now calculate their products $b_i:=a_{2i-1}a_{2i}$. So we have $17$ perfect squares $b_1,b_2,...b_{17}$. Each $b_i$ we can write like this
$$b_i = 4^x 9^y 25^z 49^t$$
Again we assign to each $b_i$ $4$-tuple $(x',y',z',t')$ where $w'$ is remainder of $w$ modulo $2$. Again two of the $b_i$ must have the same $4$-tuple, since we have $17$ numbers and only $16$ $4$-tuples. So, their product is perfect $4$-power.
• Thank you so much dear John:) – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 15 '17 at 18:38
For a)
Let's $M$ be the set of that $17$ numbers and make a map $\phi : M\to \mathbb{Z}_2^4$ such that each $$2^a3^b5^c7^d \mapsto (a_{\pmod 2}, b_{\pmod 2}, c_{\pmod 2}, d_{\pmod 2})$$ Then since $|\mathbb{Z}_2^4|=16$ we have $m\ne n$ such that $\phi (m) =\phi (n)$, thus $m\cdot n$ is a perfect square.
So we assign to each number $2^a3^b5^c7^d$ in $M$ a $4$-tuple $(a',b',c',d')$ where $x'$ is $0$ if $x$ is even and $1$ if $x$ is odd, for each $x\in\{a,b,c,d\}$. Now since the number of all such $4$-tuples is $16$ and we have $17$ numbers, two of them must have the same $4$-tuple and therefore their product is a perfect square.
• Please state your answer in a more elementary manner,this problem is for high school math olympiad,thank you – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 15 '17 at 16:56
• You know,I know nothing about mapping,$\Bbb Z^4,|\Bbb Z|$,... – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 15 '17 at 17:00
• I have edit it . – Aqua Dec 15 '17 at 17:03
• Dear John,would you please provide a hint for part b) too? – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 15 '17 at 17:19
• I'm thinking about it. – Aqua Dec 15 '17 at 17:19
This approach is not different from the others proposed, but I wanted to illustrate a point which may help you to express yourself.
The point is that we can start with a definition, and if we are clear about that, other things fall more easily into place.
So if $n=2^a3^b5^c7^d$ we define the signature of $n$ to be $(a, b, c, d) \bmod 2$ meaning that each entry in the signature is $0$ or $1$ depending on whether each of $a, b, c, d$ is respectively even or odd.
There are sixteen $(2^4)$ possible signatures, so amongst the seventeen numbers two of the signatures must be equal. When you multiply two numbers with equal signatures together you get a number with zero signature. And a number with zero signature has every exponent even, and therefore must be a square.
I wanted to illustrate what was in my comment, and also to show that if there is something slightly complicated, giving it a name means you only have to deal with the complications once.
For the second bit, John Watson has shown how to take out seventeen pairs which multiply to give a square. You might use the factorisation $4^a9^b25^c49^d$ to define the "second signature" or some such, and the same argument essentially goes through to give you a fourth power.
• This is almost exactly how I saw it in my head. The other answers are a bit too... erudite for my tastes. This is the kind of thinking that to me is meant to be used for high school math olympics. This answer also makes it clear why 17 is the amount of distinct numbers needed to make it true. – Todd Wilcox Dec 15 '17 at 21:45
• Indeed your answer helps a lot to understand John's answer better, thanks. – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 16 '17 at 3:41
a) Let's define the function:
$f:\{n\in\mathbb{N} | (d, t, f, s) \in \mathbb{N}^4$ and $n= 2^d*3^t*5^f*7^s\} \to (\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z})^4$
$n\mapsto f(n)=(\bar d, \bar t, \bar f, \bar s)$
where d is the power of 2 in n; ($d \equiv \bar d [2]$ )
t is the power of 3 in n; ($t \equiv \bar t [2]$ )
f is the power of 5 in n; ($f \equiv \bar f [2]$ )
s is the power of 7 in n. ($s \equiv \bar s [2]$ )
$f(2)=(\bar 1,\bar 0,\bar 0,\bar 0); f(3)=(\bar 0,\bar 1,\bar 0,\bar 0); f(6)=(\bar 1,\bar 1,\bar 0,\bar 0)$; etc.
Check that $f(n_1*n_2)=(\bar d_1+\bar d_2, \bar t_1+\bar t_2, \bar f_1+\bar f_2, \bar s_1+\bar s_2)$
Check that $f(p)=(\bar 0,\bar 0,\bar 0,\bar 0) \iff$ p is a square.
$Card((Z/2Z)^4)$ is $2^4$, so there are at most 16 distinct values for f(n). Using the pigeonhole principle, out of 17 integers, at least two of them share the property $f(n_1)=f(n_2)$.
\begin{align} f(n_1*n_2) & =(\bar d_1+\bar d_2, \bar t_1+\bar t_2, \bar f_1+\bar f_2, \bar s_1+\bar s_2) \\ & =(2*\bar d_1, 2*\bar t_1, 2*\bar f_1, 2*\bar s_1) \\ & =(\bar 0, \bar 0, \bar 0, \bar 0) \end{align}
... which shows that $n_1*n_2$ is a square.
b) Use the same function as in a). Using the pigeonhole principle, out of 49 integers, at least four of them share the property $f(n_1)=f(n_2)=f(n_3)=f(n_4)$. (put 3 items in 16 boxes, that makes 48 items; now the 49th item must fit in a box where there are already three of them).
\begin{align} f(n_1*n_2*n_3*n_4) & =(\bar d_1+\bar d_2+\bar d_3+\bar d_4, \bar t_1+\bar t_2+\bar t_3+\bar t_4, \bar f_1+\bar f_2+\bar f_3+\bar f_4, \bar s_1+\bar s_2+\bar s_3+\bar s_4) \\ & =(4*\bar d_1, 4*\bar t_1, 4*\bar f_1, 4*\bar s_1) \\ \end{align}
... so, if I write (back in $\mathbb{N}$) $n_1*n_2*n_3*n_4$ in the form of $2^d*3^t*5^f*7^s$, then we know from above that d, t, f, s are all multiples of four. We have found at least one product of four numbers that is the fourth power of an integer.
I hope this helps!
• Your notation is not clear to me: for example what do you mean by $\overline 0$ – Hamid Reza Ebrahimi Dec 15 '17 at 17:45
• This way, you make the difference between a number in N (no bar) and a number in Z/2Z (with a bar). – Taamer Dec 15 '17 at 17:46
• I like this answer the best. It treats (b) in exactly the same way as (a), no fancy tricks needed. It also reveals where the number 49 came about: 3*2⁴ + 1. – Jimmy He Dec 15 '17 at 22:06 | ad64b7f9cb62a16852179a2debc14736 | https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/2568064/perfect-square-product-among-17-integers | open_web_math | 0.3559 | 2.017578 | 0.2448 | mathematics | argument | 1,430 |
Q:
Java regex String.matches working inconsistently
I have a regex which checks if a string is a number. The format's thousand separator is a white space, decimal separator is a dot. After-decimal part is optional.
The issue is that at some point String.matches() function stops working as expected. What worked before, does not work anymore.
For example, JUnit code:
import junit.framework.Assert;
import org.junit.Test;
public class RegExTest {
@Test
public void testThousandSeperatorRegex()
{
String regEx = "([0-9]{1,3}( [0-9]{3})*(\\.[0-9]+)?|\\.[0-9]+)";
Assert.assertEquals(true, "1".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "10".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "100".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "1 000".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "10 000".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "100 000".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "1 000 000".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "10 000 000".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(false, "10000.56".matches(regEx));
Assert.assertEquals(true, "8 734".matches(regEx));
}
}
The last line with "8 734" fails. When I replace it with "1 000" it continues to fail. Eventually, the same code at the same run passes in the 4th line of assertions, but fails in the last (the new code is saved!).
But there are times when everything starts working just as expected until.. start failing again. So I suppose that it will be hard to reproduce my issue. Maybe there are something else that I'm doing wrong which I haven't noticed and thus described, but I tried to make it as plain as possible.
This one confuses me a lot. Does String.matches() has a memory or what?
Could there be something wrong with the regular expression? I'm skipping ^$ as String.matches works on whole string anyway. I have tried java.util.regex and jregex packages, the issue persisted.
I'm using JDK 6u31.
Any ideas appreciated.
UPD: ok, after posting this Q the code started to work and hasn't fail so far. Maybe it was something with me, but this has bothered me since last week and I have been able to replicate it again and again. I will continue with my piece of code and if it will continue to work I will close this issue. Also I will try to determine what exactly caused the problem.
Meanwhile, if there are someone out there who has encountered the same issue, please share your knowledge. Otherwise, this looks like an issue that can be solved by knowledge, not by debugging.
To defend myself from stupidity I can say I have been programming for many years and this is the 1st ever post in forums :). Until now I was able to solve my problems with debugging, reading docs and searching forums of other Qs.
A:
OK, so far I haven't encountered this issue anymore.
For other who happen to meet this one someday, I can only suggest to clean up the environment that you are working in. This has to do something with corrupted JVM or computer's memory state.
Thanks everyone for their contribution.
| 1f1a7a254475e86eb69bfbd2f8975e4f | null | pile_stackexchange | 0.2461 | 1.043945 | 0.3333 | technology | q_and_a | 450 |
Jenni Carlson: Wes Lunt should win the Oklahoma State QB race
Can the Cowgirls get it done against Duke?
I actually believe the Cowgirls have a chance. Now, it's a slim chance, but still, I don't believe this is an unwinnable game for OSU. Duke has been almost impossible to beat in NCAA Tournament games at home. It hasn't lost one at Cameron Indoor Stadium since 1996. But OSU is athletic enough to beat Duke.
The Cowgirls are going to have to play some of their best basketball. Shoot it well. Take care of the ball. Defend like crazy. But they have it in their power to win this game. Can they get it done, yes? Will they? Um, I'm still picking Duke, but it's going to be close.
About my favorite subject: Why is Derek Fisher playing so much? Here's my question: Is it possible that it's not Fisher's stats — which are terrible — matter? Is there evidence that other Thunder players perform better or display better habits (passing, help defense, etc.) when he's on the court? Trying to throw Scott Brooks a lifeline, here.
Your favorite subject is a subject that I wish would go away. How would it go away? Scott Brooks would STOP playing Derek Fisher. (Sigh.) Anyway … There isn't evidence that the Thunder is better with Fisher on the court. I don't have the plus-minus numbers in front of me, but there have been several instances where the second team that Fisher is on the floor with has given up leads or let the other team build leads.
I wish there was evidence that showed something different, but there really isn't. There isn't a good reason why Brooks has decided to play Fisher so much. If Fisher was producing great results, I'd take my medicine, say that I was wrong and admit that he should playing. But that isn't happening.
Fisher needs to take the Kevin Ollie Memorial Chair. He can be a great locker room leader, but he shouldn't ever play a meaningful minute. That's what Ollie did, what Royal Ivey did, and it's what Derek Fisher should be doing.
What was the point of signing Brewer?
That's a great question. I wish I had a great answer for you. Seems to me like not playing Brewer is a shame and a waste. I'm not under the impression that he's some first-team defensive player, but there is evidence that he'd be the best defender on the second unit.
I'm not sure why Scott Brooks isn't playing Brewer more. The only thing I can figure is that he's more comfortable with the other guys. Comfort is a big deal, and maybe he just doesn't feel it yet with Brewer.
Scott Brooks has diamond in the rough in Jeremy Lamb ... he should polish him up and use him.
There just aren't enough minutes to go around, unfortunately. I like Lamb's game, too, but I don't see where Lamb fits into the current rotation. Where would Lamb's minutes come from? Who would sit when he plays? Now, if Kevin Martin is out after this season, the answer to that question changes. But as for right now, I don't see Lamb being better than anyone else who's getting minutes. I wish he could get more minutes, too, but right now, he's just an odd man out. I wouldn't be surprised, though, if that doesn't change next year.
| |
by Jenni Carlson
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+ show more | <urn:uuid:3f765c78-9e2e-4987-a1bd-7694a219334c> | http://newsok.com/jenni-carlson-wes-lunt-should-win-the-oklahoma-state-qb-race/article/3771466/?page=2 | dclm_baseline | 0.1369 | 0.300537 | 0.316 | law | q_and_a | 633 |
In a world-first, scientists in the UK have imaged the effects of LSD on the human brain, and we now have an unprecedented view into the effects of one of the most powerful drugs ever created.
These images not only reveal that the potent hallucinogen activates regions all over the brain - and not just the visual cortex, as previously suspected - but it shows how regions that are usually separated start signalling to each other in response to the drug, to produce some intense effects.
The experiment was led by David Nutt, a professor of neuropsychopharmacology at Imperial College London, and the UK government's former drugs advisor, who was sacked in 2009 for his criticism of its tougher laws on cannabis.
Together with his colleague, Robin Carhart-Harris, Nutt recruited 20 healthy volunteers who were willing to get super high for science, and injected them with 75 micrograms (mcg) of LSD - or 0.075 mg - on one day, and a placebo on another.
As you can see in the images above and below, the effects of the drug ran all over the brain, and connectivity between regions was altered dramatically. The team used three different brain imaging techniques - arterial spin labelling, resting state MRI, and magnetoencephalography - to figure out what was going on.
They found that the participants' visual processing was no longer restricted to the visual cortex at the base of the brain - all kinds of regions contributed to what the participants 'saw', which is pretty odd, seeing as their eyes were closed.
"We observed brain changes under LSD that suggested our volunteers were 'seeing with their eyes shut' - albeit they were seeing things from their imagination rather than from the outside world," explains Carhart-Harris. "We saw that many more areas of the brain than normal were contributing to visual processing under LSD - even though the volunteers' eyes were closed."
Not only that, but regions that usually don't signal to each other suddenly started connecting, while regions that usually form a network became segregated, Ian Sample reports for The Guardian.
This could explain why LSD is associated with intense, dreamlike images and a sense of 'oneness' with the Universe, but also a loss of personal identity, known as ego dissolution.
"Normally our brain consists of independent networks that perform separate specialised functions, such as vision, movement and hearing - as well as more complex things like attention," says Carhart-Harris. "However, under LSD the separateness of these networks breaks down and instead you see a more integrated or unified brain."
While this might all seem like just a bit of fun with drugs, the researchers behind the experiment are taking it very seriously. Nutt says neuroscientists have waited 50 years for this moment, which was made possible by a crowdfunding campaign.
"This is to neuroscience what the Higgs boson was to particle physics," he told The Guardian. "We didn't know how these profound effects were produced. It was too difficult to do. Scientists were either scared or couldn't be bothered to overcome the enormous hurdles to get this done."
The researchers say it's so important to get a better understanding of the incredibly intense and unique effects of LSD - or Lysergic acid diethyl amide - on the brain, because without it, we'll never realise the potential therapeutic effects of psychedelic drugs for people with psychiatric disorders, such as depression and addiction, or maybe even asthma.
"We are finally unveiling the brain mechanisms underlying the potential of LSD, not only to heal, but also to deepen our understanding of consciousness itself," Amanda Feilding, director of the Beckley Foundation in the UK, which partly funded the study, said in a press statement.
The results have been published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. | <urn:uuid:c35c976b-467a-4e56-b4cc-2f5ba8e3690f> | https://www.sciencealert.com/for-the-first-time-ever-scientists-have-imaged-the-brain-on-lsd | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3736 | 1.988281 | 0.3175 | general | expository | 630 |
Perinatal infections: the obstetrician's viewpoint.
The obstetrician's role is to recognize and treat maternal systemic infections which may spread transplacentally to the fetus, and to ensure that the lower genital tract is kept free from pathogenic organisms, particularly during the last trimester of pregnancy. In some cases the obstetrician can reduce the likelihood of premature rupture of the membranes by inserting a cervical suture. Where this has not been possible conservative management should be used to keep the fetus in utero before the 34th week and more active after this time. In trapartum infections can be reduced to a minimum by keeping the membranes intact during early labour, by the aggressive use of uterine stimulants to avoid prolonged labour, by exerting extreme care to avoid sepsis during pelvic examinations and internal monitoring, and by earlier use of Caesarean section. | 2f333fabb6de05af23b8530b3bf9dc6b | null | pile_pubmed | 0.3443 | 2.458984 | 0 | medicine | expository | 139 |
By Jane Maland Cady, International Program Director, Collaborative Crop Research Center, the McKnight Foundation
Growing up in La Paz, Bolivia, Magali Garcia Cardenas remembers being told that farmers in the Altiplano region of the Andes observed local animals and flowers to predict whether or not the growing season was going to be wetter than usual. Later, when she was doing her Ph.D. field research to become an agronomist, she learned that this colloquial knowledge wasn’t an urban legend. Rather, it was proof of the farmers’ intimate understanding of weather patterns in a windswept part of the world that is located 13,000 feet above sea level in the harsh glare of the equatorial sun.
That formative insight now guides Garcia’s work at the Universidad Mayor de San Andres in La Paz, where she collaborates with smallholder farmers and other partners to identify weather and climate trends by using traditional forecasting methods—in this case observing cloud cover—and also analyzing data from 16 weather stations across the Altiplano. It’s a dynamic and innovative practice that honors both scientific biophysical knowledge and indigenous knowledge.
“Researchers don’t live under the field conditions that the farmers face every day,” says Garcia. “Farmers are so integrated with the nature where they produce that they have extremely good perceptions of what is happening.” At the same time, they are constantly innovating by introducing new tools, strategies, crop varieties, and technologies—including WhatsApp groups to share their findings with each other.
What’s taking place across the Altiplano is just one example of a growing global practice of farmer research networks (FRN), which strive to improve agriculture and food systems by fostering ecological solutions that are tailored to the specific areas where they will be employed. At a time when climate change is wreaking havoc on the world’s agricultural and food systems, we must listen to the insights and practices of the people who are planting seeds and tilling the soil in these increasingly challenging conditions. FRNs are part of a more equitable system that gives farmers and farm communities a voice.
Beginning in 2012, the McKnight Foundation’s Collaborative Crop Research Program (CCRP), which was founded in the 1980s as a response to global hunger issues that included the Ethiopian famine crisis, hypothesized that a FRN approach would enable smallholder farmers, scientists, and nongovernmental organizations to implement research that was both more participatory and more effective in advancing agroecological knowledge and practice.
Today, we know that FRNs work. Collaborating with academics and other professionals, farmers across the world co-create research agendas and are engaged throughout the process. CCRP is part of this effort, with projects in 10 countries.
In western Kenya, farmers are collaborating with researchers to improve the formula for bokashi, which is a compost made from food waste. In Burkina Faso, FRNs are enhancing the productivity of bambara, a groundnut that is an important source of protein. Female farmers in villages in West African have successfully tested and selected pearl millet seeds to cross breed so that they can be grown in areas with low soil fertility. Farmers in Ecuador are working to manage crop pests without relying on chemical pesticides. Enhancing farmers’ ability to access and adapt agroecological innovations can improve their productivity, food security, and resilience.
“Our objective is not only to grow food to feed the hungry today, but also to do it in a sustainable manner,” says Batamaka Somé, CCRP’s regional representative in West Africa, who grew up in a farming family in Burkina Faso. “Not just for the people in their home communities, but for those who are not even born yet.”
Today, the United Nations convenes its first-ever Food Systems Summit, where everyone from farmers to policymakers will take action to transform the way we grow good food that is affordable, accessible, and supports the environment. The time is now for a new paradigm when it comes to the way research is done to feed the world. This shift will use public research for public good to emphasize a systems-based approach that elevates diverse sources of knowledge and recognizes that our food systems, our health, and our planet are interconnected. FRNs are key to building this more relevant and inclusive system. | <urn:uuid:e1583af6-8c20-465c-9e90-436dd16ee54e> | https://www.ccrp.org/news/collaborative-farmer-research-networks-can-help-us-fix-global-food-systems/ | fineweb_edu_broad | 0.3013 | 1.999023 | 0.0716 | general | expository | 698 |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
Diverse Quality-Scored English Text (2.9M)
2.9 million quality-scored, deduplicated English documents from 12 sources spanning STEM, law, medicine, math, code, news, philosophy, and general web text — each tagged with topic, document type, and three quality signals.
The problem with existing datasets
Most large-scale text datasets have a quality-diversity tradeoff:
- FineWeb EDU >= 4.0 scores high on benchmarks but is heavily STEM/textbook biased. The team themselves warn it "might overfit to academic looking content." Training on it improves MMLU/ARC but degrades commonsense benchmarks (HellaSwag, PIQA).
- Generic web crawls (C4, DCLM) have breadth but no quality signal — you're filtering blind.
- Domain-specific corpora (PubMed, FreeLaw) are high quality but narrow.
This dataset solves that by blending all three types with unified quality scoring across every document, so you can filter by quality without losing diversity.
What you get
- 12 sources with intentional balance — STEM is capped, not dominant
- 3 quality signals on every row:
quality(combined 0-1),edu_score(0-5, Nemotron-4),reasoning_score(0-1) - 12 topic labels and 7 document type labels for precise filtering
- 3-stage deduplication (exact hash + URL + near-duplicate) across all sources
- Single parquet file, ZSTD compressed, works with DuckDB/Pandas/HF datasets out of the box
Quick start
from datasets import load_dataset
ds = load_dataset("blythet/diverse-source-3m", split="train")
# Top 25% by quality
good = ds.filter(lambda x: x["quality"] >= 0.35)
# Just medical text
medical = ds.filter(lambda x: x["topic"] == "medicine")
# Q&A format documents with strong reasoning
qa_reasoning = ds.filter(lambda x: x["doc_type"] == "q_and_a" and x["reasoning_score"] >= 0.3)
DuckDB for fast analytics (no download required):
import duckdb
df = duckdb.query("""
SELECT * FROM 'hf://datasets/blythet/diverse-source-3m/data/*.parquet'
WHERE quality >= 0.35 AND topic = 'science'
""").df()
Columns
| Column | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
text |
string | The document text |
id |
string | Unique document identifier |
url |
string | Source URL (null for domain-specific corpora like PubMed, FreeLaw, etc.) |
source |
string | Which of the 12 source datasets this came from |
quality |
float (0-1) | Overall quality score. Combines educational value and reasoning structure. Higher = better. Use this for filtering. |
edu_score |
float (0-5) | Educational quality from Nemotron-4 classifier — coherence, informativeness, writing quality. |
reasoning_score |
float (0-1) | Density of reasoning structure (causal, logical, procedural markers). |
topic |
string | Subject area — one of 12 categories (see below). |
doc_type |
string | Document structure: expository, q_and_a, tutorial, argument, explanation, narrative, or reference. |
word_count |
int | Word count |
How quality is calculated
quality = 0.70 * (edu_score / 5.0) + 0.30 * reasoning_score
A single 0-1 number balancing educational value (70%) with reasoning structure (30%). The raw scores are included if you want to weight them differently.
Sources
| Source | Count | Quality | Edu | Reasoning | Avg Words | What it is |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
fineweb_edu_broad |
818,836 | 0.41 | 2.46 | 0.22 | 634 | FineWeb EDU score 3.0-3.99 — broad web text at the dev-recommended quality threshold |
dclm_baseline |
575,000 | 0.27 | 1.47 | 0.21 | 349 | DCLM-baseline — commonsense and explanatory text (ELI5+OpenHermes quality signal) |
fineweb_edu_high |
291,751 | 0.47 | 2.87 | 0.22 | 595 | FineWeb EDU score >= 4.0 — high-quality STEM, capped to prevent over-representation |
pile_pubmed |
242,501 | 0.28 | 1.50 | 0.23 | 184 | PubMed abstracts — hypothesis, evidence, conclusion format |
pile_freelaw |
200,000 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.18 | 1,763 | Court opinions — natural chains of legal reasoning |
pile_wikipedia |
164,775 | 0.27 | 1.59 | 0.16 | 376 | Wikipedia EN — history, arts, social science, geography |
pile_stackexchange |
162,083 | 0.22 | 1.05 | 0.26 | 251 | StackExchange — problem, diagnosis, solution across 170+ communities |
open_web_math |
150,000 | 0.28 | 1.49 | 0.24 | 845 | Mathematical content, proofs, and derivations |
ccnews |
125,000 | 0.18 | 0.82 | 0.21 | 432 | CC-News — journalism and current events |
the_stack_code |
123,533 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 0.05 | 280 | Source code in Python, JavaScript, Rust, and Go |
philpapers |
20,246 | 0.21 | 1.26 | 0.13 | 3,874 | Academic philosophy papers |
sec_finance |
14,143 | 0.17 | 1.10 | 0.06 | 3,144 | SEC financial filings |
Note on FreeLaw's low edu_score: Court opinions score 0.24 on educational quality because the Nemotron-4 classifier penalizes legal boilerplate, but they contain strong natural reasoning chains. The combined
qualityscore accounts for both signals.
Topics
| Topic | Count | % | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| general | 1,237,260 | 42.8% | Broad web text not matching a specific domain |
| technology | 393,775 | 13.6% | Software, hardware, programming, IT |
| medicine | 356,307 | 12.3% | Clinical, biomedical, health |
| law | 210,363 | 7.3% | Legal opinions, statutes, case law |
| encyclopedia | 172,377 | 6.0% | Wikipedia-style reference and general knowledge |
| mathematics | 161,237 | 5.6% | Proofs, equations, mathematical reasoning |
| news | 127,533 | 4.4% | Journalism and current events |
| education | 77,122 | 2.7% | Teaching materials, courses, curricula |
| history | 58,940 | 2.0% | Historical events, periods, civilizations |
| science | 44,808 | 1.6% | Natural sciences, experiments, research |
| finance | 25,707 | 0.9% | Markets, investments, financial filings |
| philosophy | 22,439 | 0.8% | Ethics, epistemology, philosophical argument |
Topics are assigned by source for domain-specific corpora (e.g., all FreeLaw docs are law) and by URL domain + keyword classification for web sources.
Document Types
| Type | Count | % | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| expository | 2,237,151 | 77.5% | Informational prose — articles, explanations, descriptions |
| q_and_a | 465,359 | 16.1% | Question-and-answer format |
| explanation | 60,688 | 2.1% | Explicit explanatory structure ("this means...", "for example...") |
| argument | 58,594 | 2.0% | Argumentative structure ("therefore...", "it follows that...") |
| tutorial | 45,020 | 1.6% | Step-by-step instructions |
| narrative | 19,874 | 0.7% | Story-like structure with characters and events |
| reference | 1,182 | 0.0% | Dictionary/encyclopedia definitions |
Deduplication
Three-stage deduplication across all 12 sources:
- Exact text hash — MD5 of normalized text (lowercased, whitespace-collapsed). Removed 84,128 duplicates (2.7%).
- URL dedup — Normalized URL matching. Removed 44,846.
- Anchor-pair near-dedup — Documents sharing 2 of 3 anchor hashes (first/middle/last 500 chars) are near-duplicates. Removed 7,570.
When duplicates appeared across sources, specialized corpora (FreeLaw, PubMed) were kept over generic web text.
Quality scoring details
edu_score comes from nvidia/nemocurator-fineweb-nemotron-4-edu-classifier — trained on Nemotron-4-340B-Instruct annotations. This is the same classifier used in the Nemotron-CC pipeline which achieved +5 MMLU over Llama 3.1. Scores 0-5 based on educational quality, coherence, and informativeness.
reasoning_score measures density of reasoning markers per 1,000 words — causal connectives (because, since, due to), logical connectives (therefore, thus, hence, it follows), procedural markers (first, next, finally), and contrastive markers (however, on the other hand). Normalized to 0-1.
Use cases
- Pretraining data — quality-filtered, deduplicated, multi-domain English text ready for LLM training
- Fine-tuning — use
topicanddoc_typeto build domain-specific training sets - Synthetic data generation — sample balanced subsets by quality, topic, or structure for LLM-generated annotations
- Data quality research — study how quality signals vary across web and domain-specific text
- Retrieval/embedding training — diverse document types and topics for broad coverage
The metadata columns let you filter precisely: high-quality medical Q&A, argumentative philosophy text, tutorial-style STEM content, etc.
Limitations
edu_scoreis biased toward academic/educational content — legal text and code score low despite containing strong reasoning- Topic classification for web sources uses URL domain + keyword matching, not a trained classifier (hence 42.8% "general")
- English only
- Inherits biases from upstream sources (FineWeb, DCLM, The Pile, etc.)
License
Released under ODC-By (Open Data Commons Attribution License).
Citation
@dataset{diverse_source_3m,
title={Diverse Quality-Scored English Text},
author={blythet},
year={2026},
url={https://huggingface.co/datasets/blythet/diverse-source-3m}
}
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