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What is a semiconductor?
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A semiconductor is a material that has electrical conductivity between a conductor and an insulator, typically silicon or germanium, and is used in electronic devices.
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What is the purpose of doping in semiconductors?
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Doping introduces impurities into a semiconductor to modify its electrical properties, enabling the creation of p-type or n-type materials.
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What is the difference between a p-type and n-type semiconductor?
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A p-type semiconductor has an abundance of holes (positive charge carriers), while an n-type semiconductor has an abundance of electrons (negative charge carriers).
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What is a cleanroom, and why is it important in semiconductor manufacturing?
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A cleanroom is a controlled environment with low levels of pollutants like dust and airborne particles. It is essential for semiconductor manufacturing to prevent contamination during production.
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What is a wafer in semiconductor manufacturing?
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A wafer is a thin slice of semiconductor material, such as silicon, used as a substrate to build integrated circuits.
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What is photolithography?
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Photolithography is a process used in semiconductor manufacturing to transfer patterns onto a wafer using light and photosensitive materials.
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What is Moore's Law?
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Moore's Law is the observation that the number of transistors on a microchip doubles approximately every two years, leading to exponential growth in computing power.
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What is Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD)?
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CVD is a process used to deposit thin films onto a substrate by reacting gaseous precursors in a controlled environment.
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What is the role of etching in semiconductor manufacturing?
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Etching is a process used to remove layers from a wafer's surface to create specific patterns or structures as part of chip fabrication.
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What challenges does scaling down transistor sizes pose?
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Scaling down transistor sizes leads to challenges like increased heat generation, quantum effects, and difficulties in maintaining reliable performance.
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