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45661575
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Hancock%20County%20Buildings
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Old Hancock County Buildings
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The Old Hancock County Buildings are a pair of Greek Revival buildings on Court Street, at a triangular intersection with U.S. Route 1 (US 1) and Maine State Route 172 in Ellsworth, Maine. Originally built in 1834 and 1838 to house Ellsworth Town Hall and the Hancock County courthouse, they are now owned and occupied by the Courthouse Art Gallery. The buildings were listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
Description and history
The former courthouse and town hall occupy a triangular parcel of land bounded by Court Street, US 1, and Maine State Route 172, across the Union River from Ellsworth's central business district. Most of the lot is grassy, sloping up to Court Street, where the courthouse stands to the south and the town hall to the north. Both buildings face the green to the east. The courthouse has a first floor of brick, but both buildings are otherwise wooden frame, 1-1/2 stories in height, with a side gable roof, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. In both cases the roof extends over an arcade in the Doric order at both the front and rear of the building; that of the courthouse has eight columns, while that of the town hall has six. The courthouse front has two large gable-roof dormers in the front, with paired double windows topped by a small lunette; a similar dormer appears on the rear.
The triangular parcel on which the buildings stand was given to the town in 1833 by the Hebert family, with the proviso that the town hall be built there, and the county courthouse, should Ellsworth be chosen as Hancock County's county seat. The town hall was built in 1834; after the town was named county seat in 1837, it and the property were transferred to the county, which built the courthouse in 1838. The county used the buildings as a courthouse and registry until 1886, when those facilities were moved to newer and larger quarters. This property was given back to the city, which repurposed the courthouse as a high school, later expanding into the former town hall, joining the two building via an unheated covered passage. The school closed in 1924, and the buildings were subsequently condemned due to their deteriorating condition. Public outcry forestalled this, and the buildings were gradually rehabilitated in the 1960s, seeing occasional use by community organizations.
The courthouse was sold to private owners in 2005, with preservation restrictions, and is now operated as the Courthouse Gallery. The gallery has since expanded into the adjacent former town hall.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Hancock County, Maine
References
Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Maine
Greek Revival architecture in Maine
Government buildings completed in 1834
Buildings and structures in Ellsworth, Maine
Art museums and galleries in Maine
National Register of Historic Places in Hancock County, Maine
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katharine%20Holabird
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Katharine Holabird
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Katharine Holabird (born January 23, 1948) is an American writer, best known as the author of the Angelina Ballerina series, illustrated by Helen Craig, and the Twinkle series, illustrated by Sharon Williams.
Early life and education
Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the second of four daughters, Holabird grew up in an artistic home in Chicago, and her family spent many summers in Michigan. In 1969, she received a B.A. in literature from Bennington College in Vermont and then worked at Bennington College as a literary editor for a year after her graduation.
Career
Holabird then found herself in Italy as a freelance journalist where she met her husband, Michael Haggiag. The two married in 1974 and moved to London, where she continued to write and worked at a nursery school. She has two daughters, Tara and Alexandra. Later, Holabird met Helen Craig, a London photographer and artist whose illustrations have been inspired by her childhood in rural England. Over the next few years, Craig illustrated several mini-books with mice, and Holabird provided some of the text. In 1983, her third child, Adam, was born.
In 1983, Holabird's first children's book, Angelina Ballerina, was published. Her son Adam was her inspiration for the character Henry, and Angelina's character was inspired by her daughters' love for dressing up and dancing. Holabird wrote the first draft of Angelina Ballerina at the kitchen table with her daughters dancing around her. In fact, the Angelina books were originally about a girl, but then Craig drew a mouse, and Holabird loved it. "The impulsive character of Angelina came alive," says Holabird, "and seemed to pirouette off the page with enthusiasm and energy, while her plump and ebullient body expressed drama and attitude in every twitch of her tail." Angelina is a very emotional character; she is sensitive and often bursts into tears right before offering an apology. She struggles with her conscience but always ends up doing the right thing—which is very familiar to many young children. The universal childhood themes in Angelina include friendship, jealousy, loyalty, & dedication. As a child, she was an avid reader who loved fairy tales and stories about heroic animals, and she frequently saw ballets like Cinderella and Swan Lake with her grandmother. The young, imaginative Holabird loved animals, playing in her tree house, and dancing with her sisters. When reflecting on her childhood, she said: "TV hadn't become a fixture in every home, and we created our own imaginative world." She graduated high school from the Francis Parker School in realistically portray the difficulties of growing up. According to Holabird, it is a ballerina book for "all the passionate little dancers and performers in the world," including her own two daughters, which is why she "decided to explore the impulsive, highly emotional character of a small but determined ballerina."
The first American edition of Angelina Ballerina was published in 1984. A year later, Holabird received the Kentucky Bluegrass Award for Angelina Ballerina. In 1986 and 1987, she received the ALA Notable Book Awards. Angelina's Christmas was selected as Child Study Association's Children's Book of the Year in 1987. The following year, Holabird and Craig published Alexander and the Dragon, their first Alexander book, aimed at preschool children who want to be consoled about bedtime monsters. In 1990, Holabird wrote the Alexander sequel, Alexander and the Magic Boat, which portrays a strong mother/son relationship while the two go on a voyage to imaginary worlds. Also in 1990, Holabird received the British Book Design and Production award.
In 1999, HIT Entertainment in London (known for Thomas the Tank Engine, Bob the Builder, and Barney) secured the rights for Angelina Ballerina and commissioned Grand Slamm Children's Films to make an animated TV pilot. HIT also developed a lot of Angelina merchandise. Angelina made her worldwide television debut in 2001 on CITV in the United Kingdom. Actress Finty Williams is the voice of Angelina, and her mother, Judi Dench, is Miss Lilly. In 2002, the Angelina series premiered on PBS Kids TV in the United States. Angelina Ballerina's Invitation to the Ballet received the prestigious Oppenheim Platinum Award in the U.S. in 2004. That same year, Angelina was named the official spokesperson of National Dance Week in the United States. In 2005, Angelina made her debut on PBS Kids Sprout, a 24-hour digital television channel for preschoolers in the U.S.
Holabird was honored in 2006 with an invitation to Queen Elizabeth's 80th birthday party at Buckingham Palace. That same year, the entire series of Angelina books was reissued by Grosset and Dunlap in the United States. Also in 2006, The Angelina Ballerina Dance Academy debuted with special Angelina ballet classes across England. Angelina's Star Performance, an original ballet based on Angelina at the Palace, debuted in 2007 in London with the English National Ballet. Holabird is hoping to release a new theatrical pop-up Angelina book in 2008. Together, Holabird and Craig have now published a total of ten Angelina books and two Alexander books. Overall, the Angelina books have been translated into more than 20 languages.
Holabird speaks English, French, Italian, and a bit of Spanish. Her favorite books are Charlotte's Web, Black Beauty, and the Harry Potter series. She writes in a blue room with a scenic view upstairs in her London home, and it usually takes her six to eight weeks to write an Angelina book. After that, each book goes to Helen Craig for at least three months to be illustrated; then it goes to the publisher and is usually published nine months later.
Her most recent work, Twinkle, is about a child fairy that goes to the Fairy School for Music and Magic. The series was written by Holabird and illustrated by Welsh artist Sharon Williams.
References
External links
KatharineHolabird.com – official website
Author Information: Katharine Holabird, Internet Book List.
1948 births
Living people
American children's writers
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
Writers from Boston
Writers from Chicago
Writers from London
Bennington College alumni
Francis W. Parker School (Chicago) alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1899%20College%20Football%20All-America%20Team
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1899 College Football All-America Team
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The 1899 College Football All-America team is composed of college football players who were selected as All-Americans by various organizations and writers that chose College Football All-America Teams for the 1899 college football season. The organizations that chose the teams included Walter Camp for Collier's Weekly and Caspar Whitney for Outing Magazine.
Of the 13 players recognized as consensus All-Americans for the 1899 season, 12 played for the four Ivy League teams that were known as the "Big Four" of college football—Harvard, Princeton, Yale and Penn. The sole exception was Isaac Seneca, a Native American who played at the fullback position for the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. Seneca won acclaim after leading Carlisle to a 42–0 victory over Columbia in a Thanksgiving Day game in Manhattan and a 2–0 victory over the University of California on Christmas Day in San Francisco.
The following players were selected as first-team All-Americans by at least four of the seven selectors: end Dave Campbell of Harvard (6), guard Truxtun Hare of Penn (6), end Art Poe of Princeton (5), tackle Art Hillebrand of Princeton (5), guard Gordon Brown of Yale (5), center Pete Overfield of Penn (4), and quarterback Charles Dudley Daly of Harvard (4).
All-American selections for 1899
Ends
Art Poe, Princeton (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC-1; OUT-1; NYT-1; NYS-1; CEP-1)
Dave Campbell, Harvard (WC-1; OUT-1; PI-1; NYT-1; NYS-1; CEP-1)
Neil Snow, Michigan (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC-3; PI-1)
John Hallowell, Harvard (WC-2; NYT-2; OUT-2; CEP-2)
Walter Coombs, Penn (WC-2; NYT-2)
Lew Palmer, Princeton (OUT-2)
A. L. Slocum, Brown (CEP-2)
Ralph C. Hamill, Chicago (WC-3)
Tackles
Art Hillebrand, Princeton (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC-1; OUT-1; NYT-1; NYS-1; CEP-1)
George S. Stillman, Yale (WC-1; NYT-2; CEP-1)
Richard France, Michigan (PI-1)
Blondy Wallace, Penn (WC-2; NYT-1; CEP-2)
Martin Wheelock, Carlisle (WC-2; OUT-2; NYS-1)
Edward R. Alexander, Cornell (WC-3; NYT-2; CEP-2)
Malcolm Donald, Harvard (OUT-1)
Williamson Pell, Princeton (WC-3; OUT-2)
Guards
Gordon Brown, Yale (College Football Hall of Fame) (WC-1; CW-2; NYT-1; NYS-1; PI-1 [t]; CEP-1)
Truxtun Hare, Penn (WC-1; OUT-1; PI-1; NYT-1; NYS-1; CEP-1)
Big Bill Edwards, Princeton (WC-2; OUT-1; NYT-2; CEP-2)
William Armistead Moale Burden, Harvard (WC-3; OUT-2; NYT-2)
Arthur H. Whittemore, Brown (CEP-2)
Harry E. Trout, Lafayette (WC-3)
Centers
Pete Overfield, Penn (WC-1; OUT-1; PI-1; CEP-1)
Walter C. Booth, Princeton (NYT-1)
Jack Wright, Columbia (WC-2 [as G], NYS-1)
William Cunningham (WC-2)
Francis Lowell Burnett, Harvard (WC-3; OUT-2; NYT-2)
Quarterbacks
Charles Dudley Daly, Harvard (WC-1; NYT-1; NYS-1; CEP-1)
Walter S. Kennedy, Chicago (WC-2; PI-1)
George H. Young, Cornell (OUT-2; NYT-2)
Frank Hudson, Carlisle (WC-3; OUT-1)
Halfbacks
Isaac Seneca, Carlisle (WC-1; NYS-1)
Josiah McCracken, Penn (WC-1; PI-1 [t])
Albert Sharpe, Yale (NYT-1; OUT-1)
Howard Reiter, Princeton (OUT-1; PI-1; NYT-2; CEP-1)
John McLean, Michigan (PI-1)
George A. Sawin, Harvard (NYT-1; NYS-1)
Willis Richardson, Brown (WC-2; NYT-2; CEP-1)
Frank L. Slaker, Chicago (WC-2)
Bill Morley, Columbia (OUT-2)
George B. Walbridge, Cornell (OUT-2)
William Fincke, Yale (CEP-2)
Frederick E. Jennings, Dartmouth (CEP-2)
Louis L. Draper, Williams (CEP-2)
John McLean, Michigan (WC-3)
Harold Weekes, Columbia (WC-3)
Fullbacks
Malcolm McBride, Yale (WC-1; OUT-1; NYT-1; CEP-2)
H. Wheeler, Princeton (WC-2; PI-1; NYT-2)
Edward G. Bray, Lafayette (OUT-2; CEP-1)
Pat O'Dea, Wisconsin (WC-3)
Key
WC = Collier's Weekly as selected by Walter Camp
CW = Caspar Whitney
OUT = Outing Magazine
PI = Philadelphhia Inquirer
NYT = New York Tribune
NYS = New York Sun
CEP = Charles E. Patterson in Leslie's Weekly
Bold = Consensus All-American
See also
1899 All-Southern college football team
1899 All-Western college football team
References
All-America Team
College Football All-America Teams
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leith%20Nautical%20College
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Leith Nautical College
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Leith Nautical College was a maritime college in Leith, Scotland. The college provided instruction for the training of Merchant Navy officers and other seafarers. Courses offered included naval architecture, marine engineering, telegraphy, radar and marine electronics.
History
In 1855, the college was established as the Leith Navigation School, after the passing of the Merchant Shipping Act 1854 that authorised the Board of Trade to allow training and examination of officers. The school was first located in the Mariner’s Church in Commercial Street. In 1903, the college was renamed as Leith Nautical College and moved into a new building at 108 Commercial Street () a short distance from the Mariner's Church. The new college was opened on 4 February 1903 by the Secretary for Scotland Lord Balfour of Burleigh. The 1903 building was extended in 1926 and 1931, and is Category B listed.
Marine engineering was first introduced as a course in the college in 1920. In 1927, a radio department was added to the college. In 1944, the college introduced training courses for the deck officers.
In the 1960s, a final extension to the college for marine engineering was added at 104/106 Commercial Street.
In 1974, the number of full time and part time students enrolled at the college reached 2,000. In 1978, the college moved to a new building on Milton Road in Portobello (). Following a review by the Scottish Education Department and the Convention of Scottish Authorities, it was decided to close the college and instead move all maritime training to a single site in Glasgow. A campaign was raised in 1986 to prevent the closure of the college, but it was unsuccessful as Allan Stewart, Scottish Minister for Education ordered the college to end its teaching the following year. In 1987, the college was finally closed by the Scottish Education Department. The college site became part of the Jewel and Esk College, later renamed Edinburgh College. When the college closed, maritime education services were moved to the Glasgow College of Nautical Studies. The records and collections of the college are held at the Museum and Archive of Heriot Watt University.
TS Dolphin
The college owned a training ship, the TS Dolphin. The training ship was in operation between 1944 and 1977. The ship was berthed at the West Old Dock.
The TS was originally launched in 1882 and before becoming a training ship was commissioned in the Royal Navy as HMS Dolphin.
References
Buildings and structures in Leith
Maritime colleges in the United Kingdom
Training ships of the United Kingdom
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29879944
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dactyloscopus%20minutus
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Dactyloscopus minutus
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Dactyloscopus minutus, the tiny stargazer, is a species of sand stargazer native to the Pacific coast of Mexico where it can be found at depths of from .
References
minutus
Fish described in 1975
Taxa named by Charles Eric Dawson
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19963140
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EN%20417
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EN 417
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EN 417 is a European Standard concerning non-refillable metallic cartridges for liquefied petroleum gases. The standard specifies material, construction, inspection and marking requirements for cartridges with or without a valve, for use with portable appliances which comply with the requirements of EN 521.
The term is used colloquially to refer to cartridges with the 7/16" UNEF threaded valve used on disposable butane and butane/isobutane/propane mix cartridges used in some backpacking stoves. The correct name for this is Lindal B188 valve, the manufacturer's designation. This informal use is improper, as the EN 417 standard applies also to cartridges that do not have a Lindal valve, such as the valveless pierceable Epigas canisters often used in Europe.
The Lindal valve, unlike of course a pierceable canister, should seal itself if the fuel container is unscrewed from the equipment to which it is attached. However, the self-sealing action cannot be relied upon as a safety feature. A dirty valve can leak.
Among suppliers of gas cylinders and camp stoves are Epigas (Coleman), Sievert, GoSystem, Primus, Brunton, Jetboil, Mountain Safety Research, Snow Peak, Rothenberger, and Campingaz.
References
External links
00417
Fuel gas
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60591121
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neal%20Vernon%20Loving
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Neal Vernon Loving
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Neal Vernon Loving (1916 – 1998) was an American racing pilot. He is the first African-American and the first double amputee to be licensed as a racing pilot. He was also known for his work as an inventor and aeronautical engineer.
Early life
Loving was born in Detroit, Michigan on February 4, 1916. His father, Harding Clay Loving, was the first black optometrist in Michigan. Loving became interested in aviation at age ten, when a de Havilland biplane flew over his house. He attended Cass Technical High School, where he studied aeronautics.
Aviation career
After graduating high school, Loving took a job with his former aeromechanics teacher, George Tabraham. He became a licensed aircraft mechanic, and began to build a ground trainer aircraft. Loving's trainer received Mechanix Illustrated's Project of the Month award and was displayed at the Detroit City Airport. In 1936, he was hired by the Detroit Department of Recreation to teach model aircraft building. He continued his own education with an accelerated course in drafting and engineering at Highland Park Junior College.
Loving was rejected from both the U.S. Air Cadet Corps and Detroit's Cass Aero Club because of his race. He joined the Ace Flying Club, an organization for black aviators, where he met fellow aviator Earsly Taylor. The two would become close friends and business partners.
After Tabraham became head of the Aero Mechanics High School, he hired Loving as an instructor. As with his previous job, Loving taught model aircraft building. He was the first black teacher at the school, which had an all-white student body at the time. Loving said in an interview that he initially taught only boys, until "the girls found out that my class was fun and wanted to join. The authorities didn't want a black man teaching white girls but the principal put his foot down and girls got in my class."
While still teaching high school, Loving co-founded the Wayne Aircraft Company with Taylor. It was the first black-owned aircraft company in Michigan. Like Loving, Taylor had another full-time job, so progress was slow.
Loving and Taylor joined the Civil Air Patrol during World War II. After being rejected by the local squadrons because of their race, they formed their own, all-black group, Squadron 639-5. With Loving as executive officer and Taylor as commanding officer, the squadron provided flight training, pre-military training, and classes in parachute jumping. For the latter, they were nicknamed the Parachute Squadron.
In 1943, Loving was laid off from the Aero Mechanics High School. He began working seven days a week on the Ford Motor Company's assembly line, while still working at the Wayne Aircraft Company and training pilots for the Civil Air Patrol. With little time to rest, Loving developed long-term fatigue.
On July 30, 1944, Loving set out on a routine flight at Wings Airport in Utica, Michigan. Flying on only two hours of sleep, he failed to realize he had lost too much altitude. Loving's glider crashed, crushing his legs. Both legs were amputated below the knee, and Loving spent eighteen months in the hospital. He and Taylor closed the Wayne Aircraft Company during this time.
A month after being fitted with wooden prosthetics, Loving was approved for a driver's license. By 1946, he was flying again. He once said that "the nice thing about artificial legs is that you can be as tall as you like and wear any shoe size you want."
Loving and Taylor opened the Wayne School of Aeronautics in 1947.
Over the course of his career, Loving designed and flew five aircraft. In 1949, he began building a midget-class racer called Loving's Love. Loving's Love had a single seat and inverted gull wings, and could reach speeds of 215–255 miles per hour. Loving entered it in the 1951 National Air Races, becoming the first double amputee and the first African-American licensed as a racing pilot. Loving's Love won the Experimental Aircraft Association's Most Outstanding Design award in 1955.
In either 1953 or 1954, Loving flew Loving's Love to Kingston, Jamaica to visit Taylor, who had opened a flying school there with her new husband, Carl Barnett. Loving later married Carl's sister, Clare Therese Barnett.
In 1955, Loving enrolled in Wayne State University as an aeronautical engineering major. He closed the Wayne School of Aeronautics two years later. After graduating, Loving became an engineer at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, where he worked on methods of measuring clear-air turbulence.
Personal life
Loving married Clare Therese Barnett in 1955. They adopted two children, Paul Leslie and Michelle Stephanie. The family settled in Yellow Springs, Ohio. Loving continued to fly for nine years after his retirement, until heart problems caused his license to be revoked. Clare Loving was reportedly "more worried about his daily bike excursions around town than his adventures in the air." Loving lived in Yellow Springs until his death from colon cancer in 1998.
Recognition and award
Loving's Love is displayed at the Experimental Aircraft Association Air Education Museum in Oshkosh, Wisconsin. In 2000, the Neal V. Loving scholarship was created to help high school students from Maryland's Upper Shore attend the Patrick School of Aeronautics.
Meritorious Civilian Service Award
Michigan Aviation Hall of Fame
Wayne State University College of Engineering Hall of Fame
Organization of Black Airline Pilots Distinguished Achievement Award
References
African-American aviators
Aviators from Michigan
African-American engineers
American air racers
Recipients of the Meritorious Service Decoration
American aerospace engineers
American flight instructors
1916 births
1998 deaths
Deaths from colorectal cancer
Wayne State University alumni
People from Detroit
People from Yellow Springs, Ohio
20th-century African-American sportspeople
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Koch
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Bob Koch
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Bob Koch is an American politician from Oregon who served as a member of the Portland City Commission for one term from 1987 to 1990. Before serving as a City Commissioner, Koch worked for the Portland Police Bureau.
Koch is most notable for his attempt to ban the use of styrofoam in Portland restaurants. Koch eventually abandoned the proposal but it was reintroduced by Commissioner Earl Blumenauer and was put into effect on January 1, 1990.
References
Portland City Council members (Oregon)
20th-century American politicians
Possibly living people
Year of birth missing
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59335189
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20of%20Grace%20Millane
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Murder of Grace Millane
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Grace Emmie Rose Millane (2 December 1996 – 2 December 2018) was a British tourist whose disappearance in Auckland, New Zealand, in December 2018 sparked international attention. A 26-year-old man, Jesse Shane Kempson, was charged with her murder on 8 December 2018, and her body was found in the Waitākere Ranges to the west of Auckland the following day. Kempson's name was suppressed by New Zealand courts, meaning it could not be published in New Zealand; however, some international media outlets chose to publish it contrary to the New Zealand court order.
Kempson was tried at the Auckland High Court in November 2019; he claimed that she had died during consensual sex. After a three-week trial, he was convicted by a unanimous guilty verdict and later sentenced to life imprisonment, with a minimum non-parole period of 17 years. Kempson filed an appeal against his conviction, which was dismissed by New Zealand's Court of Appeal on 18 December 2020. The suppression order was lifted by the New Zealand Supreme Court on 22 December 2020. It was also revealed that he had been convicted on other rape and abuse charges relating to two other women in October and November 2020.
Background and disappearance
Grace Millane was from Wickford, Essex. She had recently graduated from the University of Lincoln with a bachelor's degree in advertising and marketing, and was on a backpacking tour during her gap year.
Millane was on a two-week stay in New Zealand after spending six weeks in South America. She entered New Zealand on 20 November 2018 and travelled around the upper North Island. She arrived in Auckland on 30 November. At 9:00 pm on 1 December, she was seen in Victoria Street in Auckland's central business district, and 15 minutes later she was seen via CCTV at SkyCity. She was last seen at 9:41 pm at the CityLife Hotel on Queen Street with Jesse Kempson.
Investigation
Millane's parents became concerned after she did not reply to birthday wishes they sent her on 2 December 2018 and police started investigating after she was reported missing by her parents three days later. The hotel she was staying at reported that she did not go back to her room on the night of her disappearance. Police initially said that there was "no evidence of foul play", but later gathered evidence that she was "no longer alive". Police announced on 8 December that they were treating the case as a homicide investigation, and Kempson was subsequently charged with her murder.
Millane's body was found on 9 December at around 4 pm, off Scenic Drive in the Waitākere Ranges around west of central Auckland. A post-mortem examination was done on 10 December. Further investigations of the area where Millane was found were carried out on 11 December. Police asked for the public's help in finding a shovel they believed was related to the inquiry. A shovel fitting the police description was found on 13 December. Police also requested public help tracing the movements of a rental car Kempson leased between 2 and 3 December. The car had subsequently been re-leased and was located on 8 December in Taupō, south of Auckland.
Arrest
Kempson, 26 years old, was taken into custody on 8 December at 3 pm. He had been staying at the CityLife Hotel in central Auckland. Kempson appeared in the Auckland District Court on 10 December 2018, charged with murdering Millane.
Kempson was born and grew up in the Wellington Region. After his parents separated when he was nine, he was raised by his father and grandfather. His mother moved with his brother to Australia while his father remarried and had a blended family. At Aotea College, Kempson played softball at a regional representative level for multiple teams. He worked as a bartender and builder/labourer and also lived in Sydney, Australia between 2013 and 2016. Kempson was estranged from his family. He also had a drunk driving conviction in New Zealand and had been arrested for disorderly behaviour in Auckland and Sydney. Kempson's paternal grandfather also alleged that he had fathered a child while living in Sydney but this is disputed by other relatives.
Name suppression
During the initial appearance, Kempson was denied name suppression, but this was appealed by the defence, automatically triggering interim name suppression for a period of 20 working days. The suppression order could not be enforced against media outlets outside New Zealand, and several outlets, particularly in the United Kingdom, chose to publish Kempson's name. Google included Kempson's name in an email it sent to subscribers of its newsletter on trending topics in New Zealand, which claimed that 100,000 searches had been done of the name within the country. Justice Minister Andrew Little and the New Zealand Bar Association criticised the foreign media, saying the publication of Kempson's name endangered his right to a fair trial.
Kempson was remanded in custody and appeared in the Auckland High Court on 16 January 2019 where he pleaded not guilty. His identity remained suppressed pending an appeal. The appeal was heard at the High Court on 7 February; the judge reserved his decision, meaning the order remained in force until the decision was released. New Zealand police investigated a number of alleged breaches of the name-suppression order. In February 2020 an Auckland businessman, Leo Molloy, was prosecuted for such a breach. After initially entering a plea of not guilty, Molloy changed his plea to guilty in June 2020. In April 2021, he was sentenced to 350 hours of community service and a NZ$15,000 fine. In August 2021 Molloy unsuccessfully appealed his conviction and sentence.
Kempson was formally identified on 22 December 2020, after the Supreme Court of New Zealand rejected his appeal for continued name suppression. It was also disclosed that Kempson had been convicted of nine total charges of rape, sexual violation, threatening to kill, and assault in two sexual violence trials before a judge in October and November 2020 that were independent of the Millane case.
Reactions
Millane's death generated an unprecedented reaction from the New Zealand public. Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern made a public apology to the family of Millane on 10 December, saying "on behalf of New Zealand, I want to apologise. Your daughter should have been safe here, and she wasn't". During the press conference, she appeared to be close to tears.
The University of Lincoln, where Millane studied, said that its community was "deeply saddened" by her death.
Auckland's Sky Tower and Harbour Bridge were lit up in a white ribbon shape from 10 to 13 December to mark her death. Candlelight vigils were held on 11–12 December at several locations around New Zealand.
Journalists Alison Mau and Paul Little criticised the media coverage as an example of missing white woman syndrome, where significantly more media attention is given to "typically white, conventionally attractive" females from middle-class backgrounds who are depicted as "innocent" and "angelic".
On 10 January 2019, hundreds turned out for Millane's funeral at Brentwood Cathedral in Essex.
In November 2019, Radio New Zealand broadcaster Colin Peacock criticised the conduct of some foreign media in both the Grace Millane and the concurrent Amber-Rose Rush murder trials, arguing that their breaches of New Zealand name suppression orders threatened the fair trial rights for defendants. Meanwhile, the Otago Daily Times editorialised that the Millane murder case highlighted that in New Zealand, women were statistically more likely to be victims of violent crimes than men. In late February 2020, The Guardian Sian Norris described using "rough sex" as a murder defence as "grotesque victim blaming."
Trial and appeals
The trial began on 4 November 2019 with the selection of the jury. Kempson reaffirmed his earlier not guilty plea, with proceedings expected to last five weeks. The prosecution led by Crown solicitor Brian Dickey argued that Kempson had strangled Millane to death following a Tinder date. The Crown also testified that, after killing her, Kempson conducted several Internet searches on how to dispose of bodies as well as viewing pornography. Dickey also said Kempson calmly and callously disposed of Millane's body and other evidence, and then created a "labyrinth of storytelling and lies" to cover his tracks.
Three female witnesses, whom Kempson had also met through Tinder, testified that he liked masochistic and bondage sex including choking. The Crown also presented security camera footage of Kempson and Millane, including his renting a carpet cleaning machine at the Countdown supermarket in Quay Street. A Crown expert witness, pathologist Simon Stables, testified that a postmortem examination of Millane's body had found bruising consistent with someone who had been restrained and asphyxiated. Millane's post-mortem blood alcohol concentration was measured at 106 milligrams of alcohol per 100 millilitres of blood, over the legal driving limit of 50 mg per 100 mL.
The defence team led by Ian Brookie argued that Millane's death was the result of a consensual sexual "misadventure" between Kempson and Millane. They alleged that Millane had an interest in bondage and sado-masochism and had asked Kempson to choke her during a consensual sex game which went wrong. While acknowledging that Kempson had tried to hide and bury the victim's body, they contended that he had panicked. The defence's expert witness, pathologist Fintan Garavan, contested the Crown's autopsy evidence, claiming that her injuries were consistent with a consensual sex act due to the lack of defensive wounds on Millane's body. Garavan also alleged that the victim's alcohol consumption could have contributed to her death. Defence lawyer Ron Mansfield also argued that Kempson's claiming to be wealthy and successful stemmed from his personal insecurity.
The trial lasted three weeks. The jury, which consisted of seven women and five men, returned a guilty verdict on 22 November 2019 after deliberating for five hours. The verdict was welcomed by Millane's parents, David (who subsequently died of cancer in November 2020) and Gillian. Several members of the jury reportedly wept following the verdict. In New Zealand, murder carries a mandatory sentence of life imprisonment with a minimum non-parole period of 10 years except when such a sentence would be manifestly unjust (e.g. mercy killings). Judges have discretion to order a longer non-parole period.
On 21 February 2020, Kempson was sentenced to life in prison with a minimum non-parole period of 17 years. On 18 March, it was reported that Kempson would appeal his conviction and sentence at the Court of Appeal. The appeal hearing began in Auckland on 6 August.
On 18 December 2020, the Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal, although the Supreme Court ordered that name suppression should remain in place until a further court order. That same day, it was reported that taxpayers had paid more than NZ$400,000 in Kempson's legal aid.
On 29 June 2021, the Supreme Court dismissed Kempson's application for leave to appeal the verdict, thereby exhausting his legal avenues to overturn his conviction.
See also
List of solved missing person cases
Rough sex murder defense
Footnotes
References
2010s in Auckland
2010s missing person cases
2010s trials
2018 in New Zealand law
2018 murders in New Zealand
Crime in Auckland
Deaths in New Zealand
December 2018 crimes in Oceania
December 2018 events in New Zealand
Formerly missing people
Missing person cases in New Zealand
Murder trials
New Zealand–United Kingdom relations
Trials in New Zealand
Violence against women in New Zealand
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Hickey
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Mike Hickey
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Michael Francis Hickey (December 25, 1871 – June 11, 1918) was a second baseman in Major League Baseball. He played in one game for the Boston Beaneaters of the National League on September 14, 1899. He played college ball at the College of the Holy Cross and he had an extensive minor league career from 1893 through 1905.
External links
1871 births
1918 deaths
Boston Beaneaters players
Baseball players from Massachusetts
Major League Baseball second basemen
19th-century baseball players
Brockton Shoemakers players
Springfield Ponies players
Springfield Maroons players
Syracuse Stars (minor league baseball) players
Amsterdam Carpet Tacks players
Pittsfield Colts players
Rochester Browns players
Nashua Rainmakers players
Schenectady Dorpians players
Winsted Welcomes players
Hamilton Blackbirds players
Toronto Canucks players
London Cockneys players
Torrington Demons players
New Haven Blues players
Newport Colts players
Worcester Farmers players
Meriden Silverites players
Meriden Miler players
Lowell Tigers players
Kansas City Blue Stockings players
Holyoke Paperweights players
People from Chicopee, Massachusetts
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Aromatico
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Andrea Aromatico
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Andrea Aromatico (born on 22 September 1966) is an Italian writer and expert in Hermetic iconography and esotericism.
Career
Aromatico was born in Urbino, educated at the Faculty of Letters and Philosophy of University of Urbino. He is manager of the historical archives for the Region of Pesaro-Urbino, Italy. He has worked for various Italian public and private organisations and was responsible for a scientific exhibition dedicated to alchemy in Urbino in 1998. He has taught at the University of Perugia where he gave seminars and special courses. From 1999 to 2001, he was professor of art history at Ludes University of Lugano and was director of external relations at the same university since 2000. He has held conferences and seminars at numerous cultural centres and universities in Italy and abroad.
He collaborates with various magazines and is director of Secreta, a magazine of esotericism and mystery. As a television consultant, director and screenwriter, he has collaborated for years with Rai 2 and the programme schedules of the Seasons e Diana Web TV networks, of which he is currently the director. He is the author of (1993), (1996) and , a heavily illustrated pocket book belonging to the collection "Universale Electa/Gallimard", which has been translated into seven languages, including English. He has also authored a comic series entitled .
The book (lit. 'Alchemy: The Gold of Knowledge') is part of an Italian collection "Universale Electa/Gallimard", published by Electa/Gallimard in 1996 in their series. The French edition——published by Éditions Gallimard, came out in the same year, but Gallimard shortened the "Documents" section at the back of the book. The English edition, entitled Alchemy: The Great Secret, is based on the French instead of the original Italian, was released in the United States in 2000, distributed by Harry N. Abrams in the "Abrams Discoveries" series. It is a pint-sized coffee table book, replete with colour plates, all well reproduced, with useful information in the captions. There are three chapters: I, "The Concept of Alchemy" (); II, "The Theory of Alchemy" (); III, "The Practice of Alchemy" (). These are followed by a section of five "Documents" (Italian edition has ten), which are excerpts taken from well-known texts on alchemy: 1, The earliest sources; 2, The medieval mystics and scientists; 3, The triumph of Hermetism in the Renaissance; 4, Alchemy in the modern era; 5, Alchemy in literature. There is a list of further reading, where is also included a number of English sources. The book closes with a list of illustrations and an index. It is the only work by Andrea Aromatico which has been translated into English, and other translations including Japanese, Polish, South Korean, Spanish and simplified Chinese, all of which are based on the French version.
The book opens with a series of reproductions of some elaborate images from , accompanied by texts taken from the Emerald Tablet, the essential text of Hermetic philosophy, or alchemy, which was born of the oldest civilisations, and the transformation of metals has become one of the emblematic acts. But the search for "philosophers by means of fire" is not limited to the mere transmutation of lead into gold; it is indeed a philosophy, which most often takes the form of an "experimental metaphysics", and which has also given birth to a language—the Qabalah—and an extraordinary florilegium of and symbols. Aromatico explores in the book this compound of science and myth, examining ancient texts and illuminated manuscripts to shed light on an enigmatic science of spells, ceremonies, and secret beliefs.
Selected publications
With Marcella Peruzzi, Medicamenti, pozioni e incantesimi del Ricetario Magico Urbinate, Roche, 1994
Alchimia: l'oro della conoscenza, collection «Universale Electa/Gallimard» (nº 86), serie Storia e civiltà. 176 pages. Electa/Gallimard, 1996
Alchimie, le grand secret, collection « Découvertes Gallimard » (nº 302), série Culture et société. 144 pages. Éditions Gallimard, 1996 (translated from the Italian by Audrey van de Sandt)
Alchemy: The Great Secret, "Abrams Discoveries" series. 144 pages. Harry N. Abrams, 2000 (translated from the French by Jack Hawkes)
With Umberto Piersanti, Il poeta e il cacciatore, Editoriale Olimpia, 2008
La flagellazione: Il romanzo, i codici, il mistero, Petruzzi Editore, 2012
Urbino itinerari turistici: Percorsi e vie, Arti Grafiche Stibu, 2013
Notes
References
External links
Living people
1966 births
20th-century Italian historians
Italian essayists
Male essayists
University of Urbino alumni
Writers from Urbino
Western esotericism scholars
Italian male non-fiction writers
21st-century Italian historians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20Hopp
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Lisa Hopp
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Lisa Hopp (born October 21, 1956) is Dean and Professor of nursing at Purdue University Northwest. She founded and directs the Indiana Center for Evidence-Based Nursing Practice: A Center of Excellence of The Joanna Briggs Institute.
Education
Hopp was born in Sioux City, Iowa but grew up in nearby Moville, Iowa. She graduated with a BA in French from Grinnell College in 1978, a BSN in Nursing from Rush University in 1979, a MS from the Clinical Nurse Specialist Program at University of Illinois at Chicago in 1988 and a Ph.D. in Nursing from University of Illinois at Chicago in 1992.
Teaching
Hopp, a Purdue Northwest teacher of the year award winner, has adapted video, video conferencing, and distance learning technologies such as interactive learning objects and podcasting to her courses. She won a Purdue Curriculum Innovation grant on the uses of podcasting and has presented on evidence based practice, innovative teaching strategies, and technology integration at international and national conferences. In 2014, she was appointed Interim Dean of the College of Purdue Northwest and now serves as the Dean of the College of Nursing after formal appointment in 2016.
Honors
2012 Fellow, American Academy of Nursing
2005 National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialist Susan B. Davidson Service Award
2002 Outstanding Teacher of the Year Purdue University Calumet
1984 American Nurses Association: Medical-Surgical Nurse of the Year
Bibliography
Nursing management of adults with upper airway disorders (1994, 1997). In Beare, P. and Meyers, J. (eds.). Principles and Practice of Adult Health Nursing. Mosby: St. Louis.
Smith, N. Z., Larson, J. L. & Hopp, L. J. (1993). Maximal inspiratory pressure: The effects of a brief warm-up. Rehabilitation Nursing Research, Spring, 3–9.
Hopp, L. J. (1992). Incremental threshold loading in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago.
Hopp, L. J. (1989). Viral Myocarditis: A case study. In Groer, M. W. & Shekleton, M. E. Basic Pathophysiology: A Holistic Approach. C.V. Mosby: St. Louis.
References
Lisa Hopp at Purdue Northwest Nursing faculty web page
1956 births
Living people
Purdue University faculty
American nurses
American women nurses
American women non-fiction writers
American women academics
21st-century American women
Grinnell College alumni
Rush University alumni
University of Illinois Chicago alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afon%20Llynfi
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Afon Llynfi
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Afon Llynfi may refer to:
Afon Llynfi (Wye), the tributary of the River Wye at Llangors
River Llynfi, the tributary of the Ogmore River near Maesteg
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunghmudaw%20Pagoda
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Kaunghmudaw Pagoda
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The Kaunghmudaw Pagoda ( ; Yaza Mani Sula Kaunghmudaw (); ) is a large Buddhist pagoda on the northwestern outskirts of Sagaing in central Myanmar (Burma). Modeled after the Ruwanwelisaya pagoda of Sri Lanka, the Kaunghmudaw is known for its egg-shaped design, which stands out among more traditional-style, pyramid-shaped Burmese pagodas. The stupa's formal name Yaza Mani Sula signifies the enshrinement of Buddhist relics inside its relic chamber. But it is commonly known by its popular name, Kaunghmudaw (). It is an important pilgrimage and tourist destination in the Sagaing area.
Construction
Construction began during the reign of King Thalun on 25 April 1636 (Friday, 8th waning of Kason 998 ME). The pagoda's relic chamber was dedicated on 23 July 1636 (Wednesday, 7th waning of 2nd Waso 998). The pagoda was completed 12 years later on 12 May 1648 (Tuesday, 6th waning of Kason 1010) towards the end of Thalun's reign.
Architecture
The pagoda is high and has a circumference of . The hti (umbrella or crowning) of the pagoda is high and weighs (3440 viss). The pagoda differs from the traditional Burmese-style pyramidal structures by having an arched image chamber in the center of its base. The chamber houses a massive seated -high Buddha statue, carved out of solid white marble. The head of the Buddha statue alone is about in diameter. It is believed that the dome was built later around the massive statue.
The lowest terrace of the pagoda is decorated with 120 nats and devas. It is ringed by 802 stone lanterns, carved with inscriptions of Buddha's life in three languages: Burmese, Mon and Shan, representing the three main regions of Restored Toungoo Kingdom.
The pagoda dome has been continuously painted white to signify purity, in Ceylonese tradition.
According to local lore, the relic chamber of the pagoda contains the lower left tooth relic of the Buddha, 11 hair relics, an alms bowl, statues, pagodas and other relics.
Controversy
The military government of Burma has initiated a project to paint the dome with gold paint, which has drawn criticism from some locals and other Burmese.
See also
Sagaing
Mingun Pahtodawgyi
Hsinphyumae Pagoda
Notes
References
External links
The Kaunghmudaw Pagoda Festival
Sagaing Division: Yaza Manisula Kaunghmudaw Pagoda
Buildings and structures in Sagaing Region
Tourist attractions in Myanmar
Buddhist temples in Myanmar
17th-century Buddhist temples
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1648
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordsinni%20Church
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Nordsinni Church
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Nordsinni Church () is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Nordre Land Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. It is located in the village of Nordsinni. It is one of the churches for the Nordsinni parish which is part of the Hadeland og Land prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Hamar. The brown, wooden church was built in a long church design in 1758 using plans drawn up by the architect Bjarne Hvaslef and it was moved to a new site in 1898. The church seats about 340 people.
History
The earliest existing historical records of the church date back to the year 1311, but the church was not new that year. The first church in Nordsinni was a wooden stave church that was likely built during the 13th century. This church was built at Haugner (where the present-day Haugner Church is now located). By the 1750s, the church was in very poor condition. In 1755, the old church was torn down and a new church was built from 1755-1758 on the same site. It was a wooden cruciform building with a cross on the centre of the roof. There is a church porch on the west end and a small sacristy on the east end behind the choir. The new church was consecrated on 20 June 1758. In 1790, the exterior of the church was clad with wooden siding to cover up the log building.
During the 1800s, the main road was built through the valley below the church (which was high up on the hill). This made the church much more difficult to access, so talk began about moving the church so that it would be along the road. A royal resolution was issued on 20 July 1895 that gave permission for this move. In 1898, the old church was disassembled, moved, and rebuilt on a new site about to the southwest of the old church site. When the church was rebuilt, it had the same floor plan, but was somewhat altered internally. Also, the tower was built to be taller than it originally was. The church was consecrated at the new site on 9 November 1898. Later, a new burial chapel (Haugner Church) was built at the old church site.
See also
List of churches in Hamar
References
Nordre Land
Churches in Innlandet
Cruciform churches in Norway
Wooden churches in Norway
18th-century Church of Norway church buildings
Churches completed in 1758
13th-century establishments in Norway
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%20Silvestri
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Cristian Silvestri
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Cristian Silvestri (born January 21, 1975 in Roma, Italy) is a retired Italian football defender.
Career
Ternana Calcio
Silvestri began his professional career at the age of 20, after he was promoted from the youth system of Ternana Calcio in 1995. The player made a handful of appearances in his first season, and continued with the senior squad for 4 full seasons, and in his final two seasons with the club, Silvestri established himself as an undisputed starter an following the conclusion of the 1998–99 season, Silvestri had racked up over 100 appearances for his club in all competitions, scoring 6 goals. Following several positive seasons with Ternana Calcio, the fullback transferred to Cosenza Calcio in the summer of 1999.
Cosenza Calcio
In July 1999, Cosenza Calcio 1914, officially announced the signing of the 24-year-old defender, for an undisclosed transfer fee. In just two seasons with the third division club, Silvestri managed an impressive 54 appearances with 1 goal in all competitions. The players impressive form led to interest amongst several larger Italian clubs, including Serie A side, U.S. Lecce, who eventually signed the defender in the summer of 2001.
U.S. Lecce
The defender officially transferred to U.S. Lecce in the summer of 2001, and made his Serie A debut during that season. In his first Serie A season, the player managed to make 15 appearances in the league, while also taking part in a select Coppa Italia, and friendly matches. Silvestri could not, however, help the club avoid relegation to the Serie A, but he remained within the squad, despite their demotion. In his second season with the Apulian club, Silvestri was a starter for much of the Serie B season, and went on to make 35 starts for the club in the league. His efforts helped the club earn promotion back into the top flight after just one season in the second tier. In the club's return season, Silvesrti was dropped from the starting XI, and made just 15 league appearances. During the following campaign, Silvestri was far down in the pecking order and also was hampered by injuries throughout the first portion of the season. With this, he managed to make just 2 appearances during the first 4 months of the 2004–05 Serie A season. After a dismal start to the season, the fullback transferred to Sicilian side, Calcio Catania for the second half of the 2004–05 Serie B season.
Calcio Catania
Silvestri officially joined the Sicilian outfit in January 2005, during the winter transfer market. He instantly became a key part of the team's roster and made 18 appearances in the league scoring 2 goals in his first six months. Silvestri also was an influential part of the Catania first team during the 2005–06 Serie B season, as he helped the club to finish second in the league, and hence, earn promotion to the Italian Serie A. Cristian contributed with an impressive total of 36 league matches, also netting a single goal. Upon Catania's return to the Italian top flight, Silvestri continued to be an integral figure in the club's success. He manages 22 Serie A appearances and helped guide the team to a 13th-place finish in the league table. The 2007–08 season proved to be very similar, as the player contributed with 26 appearances, helping the team to avoid relegation yet again with a 17th-place finish in the league. During the 2008–09 Serie A campaign, Silvestri was often used as a left full back, as the right side was covered by Gennaro Sardo and later Alessandro Potenza. Silvestri still managed 23 appearances in the league, and the club wound up 15th in the final table. At the conclusion of the season, talk of a contract renewal was heard, but on June 30, 2009, Silvestri became a free agent at the age of 34.
During his time with Catania he was known for being a hard worker and a so-called "wall" in defensive positions.
Ascoli Calcio
In July 2009, Silvestri signed a contract with Serie B side, Ascoli Calcio, following the expiration of his Catania deal. In his first season with the club, Silvestri made 21 appearances in the league, along with select appearances in the club's Coppa Italia campaign. Silvestri joined former Catania teammates, Marcello Gazzola, Mirco Antenucci, and Vito Falconieri at Ascoli. Gazzola and Falconieri are at Ascoli in co-ownership deal, whilst Antenucci was on loan.
External links
PRofile at Lega-Calcio.it
1975 births
Living people
Italian men's footballers
Catania FC players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Rome
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errera
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Errera
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Errera may refer to:
People
Alberto Errera (1913–1944), Greek-Jewish officer and member of the anti-Nazi resistance
Alfred Errera (1886–1960), Belgian mathematician
Emilia Errera (1866–1901), Italian teacher and writer
Gérard Errera (born 1943), French diplomat
Isabelle Errera, née Goldschmidt (1869–1929), Belgian art historian specializing in textiles
Jacques Errera (1896–1977), Belgian physicochemist
Léo Errera (1858–1905), Belgian botanist
Nicolas Errèra (1967), French musician and composer
Rosa Errera (1864–1946), Italian writer, translator, and teacher
Toponyms
Cape Errera, cape which forms the southwest end of Wiencke Island, in the Palmer Archipelago
Errera Channel, channel between Rongé Island and the west coast of Graham Land
Other
Errera graph, in the mathematical field of graph theory, graph discovered by Alfred Errera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primuloideae
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Primuloideae
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Primuloideae is a subfamily of the family Primulaceae in the order Ericales. Formerly it represented the Primulaceae family (Primulaceae s.s.), before the latter was enlarged (Primulaceae s.l.) by addition of three other closely related families that formerly represented the order Primulales.
References
Asterid subfamilies
Primulaceae
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stavro%20Jabra
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Stavro Jabra
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Stavro Jabra, (February 18, 1947 – March 12, 2017), was a Lebanese cartoonist and illustrator, better known as Stavro. His work reflected the current events in Lebanon, the Middle East and the world in general. For forty years, his cartoons about topical news in Lebanon and the Middle East were printed in Lebanese newspapers. His work was also published in international newspapers such as in Der Spiegel, Jeune Afrique, Le Monde, Le Courrier International and the New York Times.
Cartoons books
1971 : CARICATURES STAVRO
1974: LA GUERRE DU PETROLE
1978: STAVROSCOPE 1975 – 76 – 77
1979: STAVROSCOPE 78
1979: DES SEINS CON LIT
1980: LIBAN MON HUMOUR
1982: VIE ET MORT SANS LEGENDE (LIBAN)
1982: COLOMBES DE GUERRE (LIBAN)
1982 : MUR DU SANG
1985: DOLLARMES
1987: STARFACE
1989: SOURIEZ A LA SYRIE NOIRE
1989: SAM SUFFIT LA SYRIE
1991: LES SAIGNEURS DE LA GUERRE
1992: RAQUEL MADE IN LEBANON
1992: L'AN PIRE' 92
1993: YA SALAM
1996: STAVRO TRAIT SPECIAL
1997: FEMMES A CROQUER
2007: VIVRE LEBNAN IN CARTOONS
References
1947 births
2017 deaths
Lebanese caricaturists
Lebanese editorial cartoonists
Lebanese illustrators
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20La%20Vieille%20Russie
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A La Vieille Russie
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A La Vieille Russie is a New York City-based antique store specializing in European and American antique jewelry, Imperial Russian works of art, 18th-century European gold snuff boxes, and objets d’art. Founded in Kiev in 1851, A La Vieille Russie later relocated to Paris around 1920 and to New York thereafter. From 1961 to 2017, the store was located at 781 Fifth Avenue, near the southeast entrance of Central Park.
In November 2017, A La Vieille Russie moved to a new showroom at 745 Fifth Avenue, on the fourth floor. Featured are items by Carl Fabergé that were created for members of the Romanov court in Russia and for other wealthy patrons in turn-of-the-century Europe. A La Vieille Russie has bought and sold many of the Fabergé Imperial Easter Eggs.
History
A La Vieille Russie, a family business since its founding in Kiev in 1851, left the turmoil of the Russian Revolution and was re-established in Paris around 1920 by Jacques Zolotnitsky, the grandson of the founder, with his nephew Léon Grinberg. The shop became a focal point for Russian émigré aristocracy and intellectual activity, attracting a range of royal and artistic clients. These included Queen Marie of Romania, Grand Duchesses Xenia and Olga (sisters of Tsar Nicholas II), the Duke and Duchess of Windsor, King Farouk, Salvador Dali, and Marlene Dietrich.
Alexander Schaffer brought the firm to America, with his first shop in New York’s Rockefeller Center. The gallery relocated to Fifth Avenue and 60th Street in 1941. In America, A La Vieille Russie quickly established itself as a leader in the market for Fabergé and Russian Imperial treasures. It helped form all of the major American Fabergé collections, such as the Forbes Magazine Collection, many of which are now in museums such as the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and the Cleveland Museum of Art. The gallery also specializes in European and American antique jewelry, 18th-century European gold snuff boxes, and antique Russian decorative arts, including silver, enamel, and porcelain, as well as Russian paintings, icons, and furniture.
In 1961, A La Vieille Russie moved down the block to 59th Street and remained there for 56 years. In fall 2017, A La Vieille Russie moved to a showroom one block south at 745 Fifth Avenue.
Still a multi-generational family business, under the direction of brothers, Messrs. Paul and Peter L. Schaffer, and Paul's son, Dr. Mark A. Schaffer, A La Vieille Russie continues to deal in fine art and antiques.
The gallery exhibits annually at TEFAF Maastricht in the Netherlands, TEFAF NY Fall, and New York's Winter Show. A La Vieille Russie is a member of the National Antique and Art Dealers Association of America (NAADAA) and the Art and Antique Dealers League of America.
A La Vieille Russie also makes regular appearances on Antiques Roadshow.
Jewelry from A La Vieille Russie's collection has made various red carpet appearances, most recently at the 2021 Met Gala. Theater producer Jordan Roth wore an amethyst Boivin necklace, and Bee Carrozzini, daughter of Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour, wore a Victorian rock crystal necklace.
Key exhibitions at A La Vieille Russie
Fabergé. 1949.
Antique Automatons. 1950.
Russian Icons. 1962.
The Art of the Goldsmith and the Jeweler. 1968.
Fabergé. 1983.
An Imperial Fascination: Porcelain. Dining with the Czars. Peterhof. 1991.
Alexandre Iacovleff – Paintings and Drawings. 1993.
Golden Years of Fabergé. Drawings and Objects from the Wigström Workshop. 2000.
Mechanical Wonders: The Sandoz Collection. 2011.
References
External links
CINOA (Confédération Internationale des Négociants en Oeuvres d'Art, or International Confederation of Traders in Works of Art)
Masterpiece Fair London
TEFAF Maastricht – The World's Leading Art and Antiques Fair
International Fine Art and Antique Dealers Show
Winter Antiques Show
The National Antique and Art Dealers Association of America
The Art and Antique Dealers League of America
Antiques Roadshow
1851 establishments in the Russian Empire
Art museums and galleries in Manhattan
Art galleries established in 1851
Fifth Avenue
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril%20Horn
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Cyril Horn
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Cyril Walter Horn (7 October 1904 – 7 February 1987) was an English speed skater and cyclist. He competed in the 500–5000 m events at the 1924 and 1928 Winter Olympics with the best result of 23rd place in the 5000 m in 1928.
Biography
Horn was born to a blacksmith in a family of six siblings. Among them two became national champions: Cyril in speed skating and cycling, and his younger brother Dennis in cycling. At the age of 12 Cyril started working with his father, making horseshoes for the British Army, and later, in the early 1920s took up skating and cycling. In 1944–45 he bought a small farm in Outwell.
Cyril was the British champion in track cycling at the British National Individual Sprint Championships in 1937.
References
1904 births
1987 deaths
English male speed skaters
Speed skaters at the 1924 Winter Olympics
Speed skaters at the 1928 Winter Olympics
Olympic speed skaters for Great Britain
Sportspeople from Norfolk
People from Outwell
People from Upwell
| 228
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chistoperevoloka
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Chistoperevoloka
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Chistoperevoloka () is a rural locality (a village) in Levinskoye Rural Settlement, Bolshesosnovsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 14 as of 2010. There are 2 streets.
Geography
Chistoperevoloka is located 22 km southeast of Bolshaya Sosnova (the district's administrative centre) by road. Medvedevo is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Bolshesosnovsky District
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giorgio%20Coda
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Giorgio Coda
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Giorgio Giuseppe Antonio Maria Coda (born 21 January 1924) is an Italian psychiatrist and professor. He was vicedirector of the mental hospital of Turin (, in Collegno) and director of villa Azzurra (institute for children), in Grugliasco (Turin) After the trial, that lasted from 1970 to 1974, he was sentenced to five years of imprisonment for patient abuse, as well as to interdiction from the medical profession for five years and payment of legal expenses. He has been nicknamed "The Electrician" () for his misuse of the electroshock therapy.
The medical treatment consisted in the application of long-lasting electric current to the genitals and to the head. The treatment did not make the patient lose consciousness and caused strong pain. According to Giorgio Coda, this treatment should have cured the patient. The treatment was called alternatively "electro-massage" () or electroshock depending on whether it was applied to the genitals or to the head. In some cases, the two terms have been used without distinction to denote the generic treatment. The treatment was practiced systematically without anesthesia and, sometimes, without cream and rubber protection device inside the mouth, blowing up the patient's teeth during the treatments. During the trial, Giorgio Coda admitted he had practiced about 5000 "electro-massages" in his career.
The above treatment was also administered to alcoholics, drug addicts, homosexuals and masturbators, and it generated such a strong fear of the treatment, that most patients, at least temporarily, desisted from their acts and behaviors. The trial and the sentence, collected and analyzed in Alberto Papuzzi's book Portami su quello che canta have shown the coercive and punitive purpose of "electro-massages", which in practice were tools of torture and punishment, used on children too (in villa Azzurra).
Deaths during the treatment and suicides occurring in Coda's clinics raise the suspicion that they may have been provoked, at least in part, by the fear of suffering.
At the time the case was interpreted in political terms by some journalists and by the left-wing public opinion, with the bourgeois doctor abusing the weakest members of the proletariat.
Biography
Most of the details about Giorgio Coda's life and academic career is given by Alberto Papuzzi's book Portami su quello che canta.
Born in Turin on 21 January 1924 in a wealthy family, Giorgio Coda is the only child of Carlo Coda, a small industrialist from Turin who "regulated the family life as if it were a factory" and Alda Vacchieri. "At school, Giorgio Coda excelled in conduct. He was not brilliant, but very diligent. A few schoolmates remember him as a grind."
In 1943, Giorgio Coda enrolled in the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Turin and graduated on 15 July 1948 with a thesis about criminal anthropology. On 16 April 1955, Giorgio Coda married Giovanna Roviera. After becoming head physician of the department, on 3 April 1963 he became a professor of psychiatry.
The trial starts right after the Italian court specialized in minors - Tribunale per i minorenni - receives a report from children's social worker Maria Repaci. The report is about the facts of villa Azzurra. On 7 September, Giogio Coda is indicted for the crime "misuse of the correction systems" and the amnesty is granted, as provided by Italian law (DPR n. 238 del 22 maggio 1970).
On 14 December 1970, an Italian judge receives another report from an Italian association - Associazione per la lotta contro le malattie mentali - which turned out to be crucial in order to start the investigation and the trial. On 11 July 1974, Giorgio Coda was found guilty - "responsible for the crime only for the facts of the mental hospital in Collegno". Subsequently, Giorgio Coda's defender appeals against the sentence.
On 2 December 1977, at around 6:30 pm, four men, all of them members of the Italian Marxist–Leninist terrorist group Prima Linea penetrated into Giorgio Coda's office and shot him in the leg.
At the Court of appeal of Turin, Coda's defense cleverly exploited what the judge Rodolfo Venditti called a "torpedo", a sort of legal trick, based on the fact that Giorgio Coda, as an expert, had been an "honorary judge" () of the Juvenile Court () in Turin and therefore, since he had been a sort of "judge", he could not be tried in the same court where he had worked as a judge (as stated by Italian law). This detail was perhaps kept hidden by Coda's defense over the whole inferior court trial, and the discovery of this led to the annulment of the judgment and to the slowdown of the whole trial. Subsequently, the sentence was sent to the so-called Court of cassation (the last step of Italy's three grades of judgement), but the crimes were time-barred and Coda never served any penalty because of crime prescription. Giorgio Coda, according to newspapers, is still alive.
Effects
The case (as well as the book that collected and analyzed the stories, Portami su quello che canta, published in 1977) shocked the public opinion in Italy and sparked a debate. This led to a new law regulating Italian mental hospitals - the so-called Basaglia Law (in 1978, named after its promoter Franco Basaglia) - that abolished the main articles of the previous law - legge n. 36 del 14 febbraio 1904. The Basaglia Law also introduced and regulated the T.S.O. (that stands for Trattamento sanitario obbligatorio - Obligatory Sanitary Treatment), narrowing its scope and defining a multi-level procedure for its enforcement.
In particular, the new law required the intermediation of the mayor and the judge for the application of a T.S.O, the possibility for anyone (including the patient) to ask the T.S.O. to be revoked or modified, the possibility for anyone (including the patient) to appeal against the order validated by the judge, and the possibility for the patient to communicate with anyone during the T.S.O. The patient also has the right to change mental hospital, if possible. The previous law had given too much power to the director of the mental hospital and it did not provide that the patient could communicate with anybody during the treatment.
Even though Basaglia Law did not explicitly provide that mental hospitals should be closed, it, in fact, closed most of Italy's mental hospitals, closure that was completed in 1998. Basaglia Law made Italy one of the first countries to abolish mental hospitals.
See also
Basaglia Law
Psychiatric reform in Italy
Deinstitutionalisation
Giorgio Antonucci
References
Bibliography
Books
Italian laws
1924 births
Possibly living people
Italian psychiatrists
Conversion therapy practitioners
University of Turin alumni
Physicians from Turin
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CyberSquad
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CyberSquad
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CyberSquad is a 2017 Hindi web series that premiered 24 August 2017 on video on demand platform ALTBalaji. It revolves around the adventures of four friends who form their own Cyber Squad as they blur the lines between the online and offline worlds.
The series is available for streaming on the ALT Balaji App and its associated websites since its release date.
Plot
The series revolves around four friends, KD (Rohan Shah), Rocky (Omkar Kulkarni), Uzi (Roshan Preet) and Tia (Jovita Jose) who are badass teenagers that help the police capture the most notorious criminals and hackers from their own secret cyber-den. They are young, smart and intelligent who use their high tech skills and arsenal of gizmos to make world a safer place.
Cast
Rohan Shah as Ketan
Siddharth Sharma as Armaan Malhotra
Jovita Jose as Tia
Omkar Kulkarni as Rocky
Roshan Preet as Uzi
Jasmine Avasia as Bianca
B. Santhanu as Bhonsle
Prerna Wanvari as Sanjana
Aarti Dave as Nirupa Desai
Krissann Barretto as Payal
Vivek Tandon as Gabbar
Chaitanya as Little Rocky
Sheetal Tiwari as Anjali
Ambuja Naik as Isha
Minoli Nandwana as Kaniska
Sejal Vishvkarma as Little Sanjana
Shonita Joshi as Sinha Ma'am
Episodes
Episode 1: I Spy
Episode 2: Missing
Episode 3: Money Transfer
Episode 4: Monster Hunt
Episode 5: Wedding Woes Part 1
Episode 6: Wedding Woes Part 2
Episode 7: Do No Harm
Episode 8: Be My Valentine
Episode 9: Hostage Part 1
Episode 10: Hostage Part 2
References
External links
Watch CyberSquad on ALT Balaji website
2017 web series debuts
Hindi-language web series
ALTBalaji original programming
Indian drama web series
Thriller web series
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Berger
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Joe Berger
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Joseph David Berger ( ; born May 25, 1982) is a former American football guard in the National Football League (NFL) for the Miami Dolphins, Dallas Cowboys and Minnesota Vikings. He was drafted by the Carolina Panthers in the sixth round of the 2005 NFL Draft. He played college football at Michigan Tech.
Early years
Berger attended Newaygo High School in Newaygo, Michigan. During his two-year varsity football career, he played as an offensive lineman, and linebacker. He finished with 238 tackles and one interception.
As a senior, he was the team captain, an All-Western Waterways Activities Conference selection, and an Academic All-State honorable-mention.
College career
Berger was a walk-on at Michigan Technological University, where he was converted from a linebacker into an offensive tackle. He started three games at left tackle as a redshirt freshman.
As a junior in 2003, the football program was terminated due to budgets cuts made by the school, but through alumni funding, it was brought back in 10 days. He was lost for the season after suffering a knee injury in a game against Grand Valley State University. As a senior, he contributed to the team win the GLIAC championship.
He finished his college career with 28 games started at right tackle and three at left tackle. He was a four-time Academic All-GLIAC selection, a two-time CoSIDA Academic All-District pick, and a two-time All-American pick as a right tackle. He also played in the Cactus Bowl and the NCAA Division II All-Star game.
Professional career
Carolina Panthers
Berger was selected by the Carolina Panthers with their second of two sixth-round draft choices in the sixth round (207th overall) of the 2005 NFL Draft, becoming one of only three football players to be drafted from Michigan Tech and the first since 1987 when the Giants selected quarterback Dave Walter in the 11th round (307th overall). The other Michigan Tech draftee, running back Jim Van Wagner, was selected by the San Francisco 49ers in the seventh round (183rd overall) of the 1977 NFL Draft.
He was waived on September 3 and was signed to the practice squad one day later. He would never play in a regular-season game with the franchise.
Miami Dolphins (first stint)
On September 7, 2005, he was picked up by the Miami Dolphins from the Panthers practice squad before the start of the season. He was declared inactive in two games and played in each of the final three games as a backup.
In 2006, a sprained right foot suffered in training camp kept him inactive during 11 games. He was waived on November 23.
Dallas Cowboys
On November 24, 2006, Berger was claimed off waivers by the Dallas Cowboys, but was inactive for the rest of the season (five games). In 2007, he was active for three games, but only played in the 4th quarter of the season finale in place of Leonard Davis at right guard.
In 2008, he played on special teams during the first three games of the season and was declared inactive for the final 11. During his time with the Cowboys, the team had a strong offensive line and Berger had a difficult time competing for playing time.
Miami Dolphins (second stint)
On February 27, 2009, Berger signed as an unrestricted free agent with the Miami Dolphins, reuniting with former Cowboys head coach Bill Parcells, who was the team's Executive Vice President of Football Operations.
Although he was signed as a backup player, due to his ability to play multiple offensive line positions, he beat out Jake Grove for the starting center position, playing in 31 out of 32 games over the next two seasons, starting 20 of them. He was released on September 5, 2011, before the start of the regular season, after the team signed Ryan Cook.
Minnesota Vikings
On September 12, 2011, Berger signed with the Minnesota Vikings the day after the regular-season opener. On March 12, 2013, Berger re-signed with the Vikings on a one-year deal.
2011 season
Berger spent training camp and preseason with the Miami Dolphins and was acquired by the Vikings on September 12, 2011, the day after the regular-season opener at San Diego. In his first season as a Viking, Berger played in 13 games, starting seven at center, right guard and left guard during the season. He saw extended action at Chicago in week six, replacing injured starter John Sullivan at center in the 2nd half.
He then started a 4-game span at right guard in place of starter Anthony Herrera, with the first of the four games coming at Carolina on October 30. He started his first game of the season at center against the Green Bay Packers in week seven, the first start of rookie quarterback Christian Ponder’s career. He started in the final two games of season at left guard in place of starter Steve Hutchinson.
2012 season
In 2012, Berger played in all 16 games. He was primarily used on special teams, where he was a regular on a kickoff return unit that ranked among the NFL leaders in return average and was tied for 3rd in the NFL with six returns of 40 yards or more on the season. He saw his first career playoff action in the NFC Wild Card game against the Green Bay Packers on January 5, 2013.
2013 season
In 2013, Berger appeared in all 16 games, starting two, contributing on special teams and providing depth along the offensive line. He started at left guard and right guard in place of injured starters Charlie Johnson and Brandon Fusco against Washington and Philadelphia. He played a vital role on a kickoff return unit that helped rookie wide receiver Cordarrelle Patterson set team records for return yards (1,393), return average (32.4) and return touchdowns (2).
2014 season
On March 12, 2014, the Vikings re-signed Berger to a one-year contract. Berger appeared in all 16 games and started the final nine games at right guard after starter Brandon Fusco was placed on IR, with the team going 5-4 in his starts and with Berger playing a key role in protecting Teddy Bridgewater on his way to the most productive season by a rookie quarterback in team history.
On October 19, 2014, Berger came into a game against the Buffalo Bills after starting center John Sullivan suffered a concussion; he blocked for rookie running back Jerick McKinnon’s 103-rushing yard effort against one of the NFL’s best run defenses and allowed no sacks and recorded a tackle. Berger finished the season having played in 61 consecutive games.
2015 season
In August 2015, starting center John Sullivan suffered a season-ending back injury and was placed on injured reserve. Berger was named as the Vikings starting center and started every game for the 2015 season, helping Adrian Peterson run for a league-leading 1,485 yards and 11 touchdowns. For his performance, Berger was named the league’s best run blocker by Pro Football Focus (PFF).
After 11 years in the league, this was Berger's first NFL season starting all 16 games. On January 6, 2016, Berger was rated 26.8 by Pro Football Focus (PFF), the highest among all centers in the NFL for the season. Over the final half of the regular season, Berger earned an above-average grade of +1.0 or higher in every game, including a peak of +5.3 against a stout Oakland Raiders defensive line in week 10. He was also the most consistent center as he had the lowest percentage of negatively-graded run blocks at the position.
2016 season
During training camp, Berger won the battle against veteran John Sullivan to be the Vikings’ starting center. On September 9, the team announced that Berger signed a one-year contract extension. He started 14 games. He missed two contests with a concussion he suffered in the eleventh game against the Detroit Lions.
2017 season
After the Vikings drafted center Pat Elflein in the third round, Berger was moved to right guard, where he started all 16 games. He led the offense with 1,116 snaps played, which were at right guard and one game at center, in place for an injured Pat Elflein against the Chicago Bears.
Retirement
On March 23, 2018, Berger announced his retirement from the NFL after 13 seasons.
Personal life
Berger graduated magna cum laude with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from Michigan Tech in 2005. He married his wife, Abigail, in 2004. They have four children.
References
External links
Michigan Tech alumni bio
1982 births
Living people
People from Newaygo, Michigan
Players of American football from Michigan
American football offensive tackles
American football offensive guards
American football centers
Michigan Tech Huskies football players
Carolina Panthers players
Miami Dolphins players
Dallas Cowboys players
Minnesota Vikings players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edlir%20Tetova
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Edlir Tetova
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Edlir Tetova (born 14 April 1983) is an Albanian professional football coach and former player, who is the current head coach of Egnatia in the Kategoria Superiore.
Tetova most recently played for Teuta, Elbasani in the Kategoria Superiore. His natural position is left midfielder but he can also play as a left back when needed.
Club career
He has spent most of his career in the Kategoria Superiore with Teuta, Elbasani and Besa.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Footballers from Durrës
Albanian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
KF Teuta Durrës players
KF Elbasani players
KF Besa Kavajë players
FC Kamza players
FK Partizani Tirana players
Kategoria Superiore players
Kategoria e Parë players
Albanian football managers
Albania men's youth international footballers
Albania men's under-21 international footballers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pola%20Petrenko
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Pola Petrenko
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Pola Petrenko (born 28 September 1997), is a French actress and model.
Beginnings and education
Pola Petrenko was born in Paris, to a French businessman father and a Russian mother, a journalist and director. From the age of four, Pola became a model for artistic photos. At the age of five, she entered the Stanlowa Ballet School in Paris, took acting classes from the age of eight at Studio Maria, then at the Cours Florent in Paris until 2014. She obtained a degree in cinema at Sorbonne Nouvelle University Paris 3.
Career
In 2020, she joined the cast of the daily series Ici tout commence, broadcast on TF1 playing the role of Charlene Teyssier.
Filmography
Advertising
2016 : Monaco Yacht Show
2017 : Asus
2017 : 20 years of IXINA, TF1
2017 : La Modeuse, TV spot M6
2018 : La Modeuse, TV spot
2018: Dragon Quest
Dubbing
2009: The Imaginarium of Doctor Parnassus (film): Olga
Film and television
2015: Testament (short film): Josephine
2017: The Creature (short film) : the creature
2018: The Elixir Pact (short film): Sophie
2018: Missing Misses on Canal+
2019: Good luck Mr Gorsky : Natalia
Since 2020: Ici tout commence on TF1: Charlène Teyssier
2021: Serial Écolo (short film): country guard
References
External links
1997 births
21st-century French actresses
21st-century French women
Living people
Actors from Paris
French people of Russian descent
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral%20folds%20of%20cystic%20duct
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Spiral folds of cystic duct
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Spiral folds of cystic duct (also known as the spiral mucosal folds, spiral valves of Cina, Amussat valve, or Cina valves) are a series of crescenteric, spirally arranged mucosal folds in the proximal part of the cystic duct.
Anatomy
The folds are 2-10 in number. They project into the lumen of the duct. They are continuous with the folds of the neck of the gallbladder. They are arranged in a somewhat spiral manner.
Structure
The spiral valves are supported by underlying smooth muscle fibers.
Function
The function of the valves is not known. Since the structures' discovery, various functions have been proposed, including the structural support to the cystic duct, and moderation of the speed of passage of bile through the duct in either direction Their role has been commonly ascribed to the regulation of bile flow, however, they may instead maintain patency of the duct (i.e. keep the duct open) as the duct is thin and tortuous and thus prone to kinking; the observation that the folds are more prominent in younger individuals in whom the duct is also thinner supports this hypothesis.
Clinical significance
The presence of the spiral folds, in combination with the tortuosity of the cystic duct, makes endoscopic cannulation and catheterization of the cystic duct extremely difficult. The valves of Cina are susceptible to lacerations and were once a serious obstacle to the surgical canalization, which has since been overcome by newer technologies.
Imaging
On ultrasound, valves of Cina are echogenic.
References
Further reading
Spiral valves of Heister
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobham%20MSA
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Cobham MSA
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Cobham services is a motorway service area on the M25 motorway in Surrey between junctions 9 and 10. It is operated by Extra MSA and was opened for business on 13 September 2012. Its planned opening date was scheduled to be early 2010, but was changed to early 2012 following various planning issues. The services were constructed as there was concern with the large 65 mile (104 km) gap without any service areas. At either end of that stretch of motorway was South Mimms services and Clacket Lane services, and the Secretary of State explained there was a clear and compelling need for a further service area. The other service area serving the motorway is Thurrock.
Cobham services is the busiest service station in the UK.
Planning
Proposals for a service station on the M25 at Cobham were first made in the early 1990s and the first public inquiry took place in 1996. Planning permission was granted in 2005. The service area is built on the site of a farm named 'New Barn Farm', and opened in September 2012.
The main concern about the service's construction was that the area was to be built on part of the green belt area for Cobham, However, as the whole of the M25 is situated within the green belt, the Secretary of State John Prescott overruled this objection as there was what he called a "clear and compelling need" to have a service station in the south west section of the M25.
There have been other concerns that the waste from thousands of visiting tourists could damage Downside's Victorian sewage system.
Layout
Unusually, one service area is provided for both traffic directions and it is all located to the south of the motorway. Access from the eastbound carriageway is via a tunnel underneath the M25. Access from the west-bound carriageway is from the motorway itself.
As with a number of modern service stations, many have an ecological aspect such as an sustainable drainage system, rain-harnessing or a renewable energy source. Cobham has been designed to include a sustainable drainage system that filters the water from silt and sand, cleans the water, and then naturally attenuates the water into local watercourses. Retention basins, Swales and infiltration trenches deal with excess water, storm water and most importantly flood risk. The infiltration trenches drain water using pebbles and small stones which naturally filter and store water, the remaining stored water is channeled out of the site. The retention basins collect water runoff, and the water outflow out of the basins is carefully controlled, the lakes have water piped to infiltration trenches. Even though these basins are designed to collect water and drain water in a more controlled way, some water escapes and seeps (infiltrates) into the ground. Depending on the season the water level in all of these trenches and basins change dramatically. The infiltration trenches then flow into local watercourses. The swales (marsh areas) are less complex and drain water directly into the ground, they are surrounded by vegetation. Just like infiltration trenches, swales also attenuate, filter and clean water. Vegetation which is around the service area and its drainage system, helps to absorb harmful substances to the environment and clean water in the infiltration trenches, swales, retention basins and around the site.
Construction
Work on the site started in Autumn 2010 and construction eventually started in mid-2011 on the slip roads and tunnel for the service area. The speed limit was reduced to 50 mph, and a temporary carriageway was set up, diverting traffic past the construction site and back onto the motorway. The 50 mph speed limit took place on a short section of the westbound carriageway, where construction traffic was accessing the site. Extra MSA founded their own construction company called 'Swayfields' immediately when Extra MSA was created in 2000, so they could construct service areas themselves. Cobham was constructed by Swayfields from 2011–2012, and all of Extra MSA's.
On 10 August 2012 an opening date of 8 September 2012 was announced, later than expected due to poor weather delaying the final phases of construction. Further delays caused the opening to slip to 13 September 2012.
References
External links
Official website
Extra MSA company website
Motorway Services Online
Buildings and structures in Surrey
Borough of Elmbridge
Extra motorway service stations
M25 motorway service stations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Great%20Lake
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The Great Lake
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The Great Lake is the debut EP by Chalk Circle released in 1986. The original release of the EP only featured six tracks. It was later re-released with three additional tracks on CD.
The EP contained two singles: "April Fool", a Top 10 hit in Canada, with its U2-like guitar chords, and "Me, Myself and I" also a Top 10 Canadian hit.
The EP's back photo (and the CD's front) was taken along Lake Shore Boulevard in Toronto on the shores of Lake Ontario, which is presumably also the subject of the album's title.
Chalk Circle was nominated for "Most Promising Group of the Year" at the 1986 Juno Awards.
Track listing
All lyrics written by Chris Tait and music by Chalk Circle, except as noted.
EP: Duke Street / DSRD-41024 (Canada)
"April Fool" (Lyrics – D. Murphy) – 5:19
"Trains" – 5:05
"Big White Clouds" – 4:06
"Me, Myself and I" – 4:08
"The Great Lake" – 4:09
"Superman (Meets the Man of Steel)" – 5:16
CD: Duke Street / DSMD-41024 (Canada)
"April Fool" (Lyrics – D. Murphy) – 5:19
"Trains" – 5:05
"Big White Clouds" – 4:06
"Me, Myself and I" – 4:08
"The Great Lake" – 4:09
"Superman (Meets the Man of Steel)" – 5:16
"20th Century Boy" (Marc Bolan) – 3:42 *
"Come with Me" – 3:54 *
"Believe in Something" – 3:45 *
1988 CD reissue with three bonus tracks (tracks 8 and 9 feature as b-sides on "This Mourning" 12")
Singles
"April Fool"
"Me, Myself and I"
Album credits
Personnel
Chalk Circle:
Chris Tait – vocals, guitars
Brad Hopkins – bass guitars
Derrick Murphy – drums
Tad Winklarz – keyboards, saxophone
Other:
Chris Wardman – wobbly guitar, acoustic guitar on "Superman", "Me, Myself and I"
Jason Sniderman – keyboard programming on "20th Century Boy"
Kenny MacLean – backing vocals on "20th Century Boy"
Don Garbutt – computer programming on "20th Century Boy"
Brian Leonard – tambourine on "Believe in Something"
Production
Chris Wardman – producer, arranger
Ron Searles – engineer
Paul Lachapelle – engineer
Aubrey Winfield – engineer, mixer on "Come with Me"
Howie Weinberg – mastering as Masterdisk, New York City
References
1986 debut EPs
Chalk Circle (Canadian band) EPs
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Russian%20Professional%20Rugby%20League%20season
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2009 Russian Professional Rugby League season
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The 2009 Russian Professional Rugby League season was the fifth season of the Russian Professional Rugby League.
This season saw yet another change in structure for the competition. The two-stage competition was retained, whereby the championship was still split into East and West. The somewhat complicated structure was as follows:
Stage One:
The professional teams divided into two groups based on geography, East (6) and West (5).
The top three teams from each group qualified for the Super League (Pos 1 - 6).
The bottom two clubs from the West entered a play-off stage against qualifying teams from the Federal Leagues to qualify for Stage Two (Pos 7 - 12).
The fourth (4th) ranked club in the East qualified automatically for Stage Two (Pos 7 - 12).
Stage Two:
Super League (Pos 1 - 6)
Play-offs (Pos 7 - 12)
Stage One East Division
East Division Standings
Yenisey-STM Krasnoyarsk
Krasny Yar Krasnoyarsk
RC Novokuznetsk
Kosmos Krasnoyarsk
Rugby Academy Krasnoyarsk
Siberian Federal University
East Division Fixtures
Stage One West Division
West Division Standings
VVA-Podmoskovye Monino
Imperia-Dynamo Penza
Slava Moscow
Spartak-GM Moscow
Fili Moscow
West Division Fixtures
Stage Two Qualifiers
At this stage the two non-qualified West Division teams, Fili Moscow and Spartak-GM Moscow, entered a round-robin stage against teams that qualified from the Federal District Leagues, which were:
South Krasnodar
Narva Zastava (St Petersberg)
Air Force Academy Monino
Nalchik
The six teams were divided into two groups of three. The top three ranked sides then entered a final stage in which they were joined by Rugby Academy Krasnoyarsk (after Kosmos Krasnoyarsk pulled out).
Group A Standings
Group A Fixtures
Group B Standings
Group B Fixtures
Final Standings (Pos 7 - 12)
Final Fixtures (Pos 7 - 12)
Super League (Places 1-6)
Final Stage Fixtures
Round One
Round Two
Round Three
Round Four
Round Five
Round Six
Round Seven
Round Eight
Round Nine
Round Ten
Play-offs
References
2009
2009 in Russian rugby union
2009 rugby union tournaments for clubs
2009–10 in European rugby union leagues
2008–09 in European rugby union leagues
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1958%E2%80%9359%20Rugby%20Union%20County%20Championship
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1958–59 Rugby Union County Championship
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The 1958–59 Rugby Union County Championship was the 59th edition of England's premier rugby union club competition at the time.
Warwickshire won the competition for the third time after defeating Gloucestershire in the final.
Final
See also
English rugby union system
Rugby union in England
References
Rugby Union County Championship
County Championship (rugby union) seasons
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KJFK%20%28AM%29
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KJFK (AM)
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KJFK (1490 kHz) and KJFK-FM (96.3 MHz) are a pair of terrestrial radio stations, which serve Austin, Texas, and Llano, Texas, United States respectively. Both facilities are owned by Township Media and broadcast an adult hits format as "96.3 Jack FM", utilizing the nationally syndicated Jack FM licensing. KJFK can also be heard in Austin proper on translator K242DE and in Giddings, Texas on KGID, both of which also operate on 96.3 FM.
1490 AM is the oldest continuously licensed radio station serving Austin. The facility broadcasts at 1,000 watts from a transmitter located on Tillery Street at East 4th Street near downtown Austin. The studios and offices for Township Media are in the Hill Country Galleria Mall on Hill Country Boulevard at State Highway 71 in Bee Cave.
History
On December 7, 1926, the station's first license was granted, with the sequentially issued call sign of KGDR. It was owned by a company named "Radio Engineers" and broadcast from San Antonio, Texas. In December 1929, the station was renamed KUT and moved to Austin. Call letters were changed to KNOW on January 26, 1932.
KNOW was owned by the KUT Broadcasting Company and broadcast at 100 watts on 1,000 kilocycles.
In the 1940s, KNOW moved to its current frequency 1490 kHz, with power at 250 watts. It served as Austin's ABC Radio Network affiliate, carrying ABC's schedule of dramas, comedies, news and sports during the "Golden Age of Radio".
In 1949, KNOW was acquired by Pioneer Broadcasting Company, owned and operated by radio executive Wendell Mayes. His son, Wendell Wise Mayes, Jr, would go on to earn KNOW a George Foster Peabody Award in 1973 for an editorial Mayes, Jr. wrote entitled "Marijuana and the Law," a series of documentaries and editorials to "separate facts about marijuana from fiction." In the 1950s, daytime power increased to 1,000 watts, but remained at 250 watts at night. In the 1960s, KNOW switched to Top 40. In the 1970s, airstaff included P.D. Dave Jarrott, Randall McKee, Jason Wayne. Bill Mayne, Gil Garcia, Jim Gossett, David Gayle, and Bill Moss. Chief Engineers during the 60s and 70s where Wayne Hardin and Gil Garcia. As contemporary music listening shifted to the FM band in the 1980s, KNOW began to serve Austin's growing African American community with an urban contemporary format. This was concurrent with Hicks Communications acquiring the station in 1981.
In 1989, the now-KMOW was sold to Degree Communications, which switched the format to Oldies. In 1996, the station was sold to San Antonio-based Clear Channel Communications and the format became talk radio. In 1997, the format shifted to sports talk as SportsFan 1490 and was the first full-time all-sports station in Austin.
In 2005, the station was acquired by Border Media Partners, which owned other stations in Texas, several serving the Latino community. Border Media switched the then-KFON to a Regional Mexican music format. The 2010s saw additional call letter changes to KLGO and KTAE before the current owner, Township Media, changed the call sign to KTSN and operating as "Sun Radio". Sun Radio aired an adult album alternative/Americana format.
On May 28, 2022, KTSN changed its format to adult hits, branded as "96.3 Jack FM", feeding new translator K242DE. The Sun Radio intellectual unit moved to 1060 AM (now KTSN), feeding Sun Radio's existing FM rebroadcasters including 100.1 FM. The two stations swapped call signs on June 3, 2022.
On November 4, 2022, Township Media was granted a second call sign change to KJFK, in order to match the station identification of both facilities; the call sign was changed officially by the FCC on December 7, 2022.
References
External links
(covering KGDR / KUT / KNOW for 1927-1980)
JFK
Radio stations established in 1926
1926 establishments in Texas
Adult hits radio stations in the United States
Jack FM stations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Stange
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Daniel Stange
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Daniel Adam Stange (born December 22, 1985) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher. He has played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Arizona Diamondbacks and Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim.
Career
Stange attended Elsinore High School in Wildomar, California, and was drafted by the Atlanta Braves in the 33rd round of the 2003 MLB draft, but didn't sign.
Arizona Diamondbacks
He also attended the University of California, Riverside, and was drafted by the Arizona Diamondbacks in the 7th round (207th overall) of the 2006 Major League Baseball draft. He was assigned to Advanced Rookie Missoula, where in 27 appearances, he went 5–2 with a 4.25 ERA and 13 saves, striking out 48 in 36 innings.
Stange began the 2007 season with the High-A Visalia Oaks, where in 38 appearances, he went 4–5 with a 3.19 ERA and 16 saves, striking out 53 in 42.1 innings. He was named a California League All-Star, along with fellow Oak Brooks Brown. He was promoted to Double-A Mobile, where he pitched in 5 games before being shut down and undergoing Tommy John surgery. Stange began 2008 in June with Single-A South Bend, but was promoted in late July to Visalia. In 22 total appearances, he went 2–2 with a 2.64 ERA and 1 save, striking out 31 in 30.2 innings.
Stange spent 2009 with Mobile, where in 39 appearances, he went 0–4 with a 4.88 ERA and 10 saves, striking out 44 in 51.2 innings. On November 24, 2009, the Diamondbacks added Stange to the 40 man roster to protect him from the Rule 5 draft
Stange began 2010 with Triple-A Reno, but on May 29, Stange and Kevin Mulvey were recalled, replacing Kris Benson and Leo Rosales, who were placed on the disabled list. He made his debut that day, retiring all three batters he faced in the ninth against the Chicago Cubs. His first strikeout was of Ryan Theriot in his second appearance. On May 12, Stange was optioned to Reno, making room for Carlos Rosa. In July, he was demoted to Mobile, where he finished the season. In 4 games with the Diamondbacks, he gave up 6 run in 4 innings, striking out 2. After the season, Stange played with the Scottsdale Scorpions of the Arizona Fall League.
On January 18, 2011, Stange was designated for assignment, and was outrighted to Reno 8 days later. Stange played 2011 with Reno, where in he pitched in 25 games before missing the last month of the season due to injury. In 36.2 innings, he went 3–1 with a 6.14 ERA and 29 strikeouts. Stange began 2012 with Reno, but was released on April 18 after a poor start.
Bridgeport Bluefish
On April 29, Stange signed with the independent Bridgeport Bluefish of the Atlantic League.
San Diego Padres
Stange had his contract purchased by the San Diego Padres on May 7. He was assigned to Double-A San Antonio, where he finished the season with. He also had a two-game stint with Triple-A Tucson. In 46 games with the Missions, he went 3–6 with a 3.35 ERA and 6 saves, striking out 64 in 53.2 innings.
On November 29, Stange signed a minor league deal with the Padres that included an invitation to Spring training. In 7 appearances with the Padres during spring training, he gave up 4 runs in 7 innings, striking out 7. Stange began 2013 with Tucson, where he pitched in 26 games before being opting out of his contract on June 17.
Los Angeles Angels
On June 22, Stange signed a minor league deal with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and was assigned to Triple-A Salt Lake. On July 29, Stange was called up by the Angels, replacing Brad Hawpe, who was designated for assignment. He was optioned back to Salt Lake on August 6 to make room for recently acquired Grant Green. In 3 games with Los Angeles, he gave up 3 runs in 1.2 innings with 1 strikeout. After not earning a call-up in September when the rosters expanded, he was outrighted off the Angels roster on September 22, 2013, and he subsequently elected free agency. In 26 games with Salt Lake, he went 4–1 with a 5.06 ERA, striking out 30 in 26.2 innings.
Washington Nationals
On November 21, 2013, Stange signed a minor league deal with the Washington Nationals with an invitation to Spring training. He became a free agent on September 4, 2014.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Arizona Diamondbacks players
Baseball players from Riverside County, California
Bridgeport Bluefish players
Criollos de Caguas players
Liga de Béisbol Profesional Roberto Clemente pitchers
Los Angeles Angels players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Missoula Osprey players
Mobile BayBears players
Navegantes del Magallanes players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Baseball players from Orange, California
People from Wildomar, California
Reno Aces players
Salt Lake Bees players
San Antonio Missions players
Scottsdale Scorpions players
South Bend Silver Hawks players
Syracuse Chiefs players
Tucson Padres players
UC Riverside Highlanders baseball players
Visalia Oaks players
Mat-Su Miners players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20Valley%20Reservoir
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Indian Valley Reservoir
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Indian Valley Reservoir is a human-made lake in Lake County, California, west of Williams, United States, near State Route 20.
The capacity reservoir was created by the construction of the Indian Valley Dam across the north fork of Cache Creek in . The long and high earth-fill dam was built for water storage, irrigation and flood control.
Although the reservoir is in Lake County, it was built by neighboring Yolo County, which owns all water rights to the of water. The dam includes a hydroelectric plant. The cost of the dam and reservoir exceeded $9 million and were funded in part by two bond issues.
Recreation area
The reservoir is in the Bureau of Land Management's Walker Ridge Recreation Area. All types of recreation are allowed, including boating, camping, fishing, hunting, hiking, bicycling and horseback riding.
There are two primitive boat/hike-in campgrounds, Blue Oaks and Kowalski.
The area's flora and fauna include manzanita, oak and pine trees, blacktail deer, black bear, and wild turkey. Rare plants such as the Indian Valley Brodiaea and Adobe lily grow here.
See also
List of dams and reservoirs in California
List of lakes in California
List of lakes in Lake County, California
List of largest reservoirs of California
List of power stations in California
References
External links
1970 Video presentation by the Yolo County Water Resources Board proposing this Indian Valley project.
BLM webpage on Indian Valley area.
History essay on water rights, Lake County.
Reservoirs in Lake County, California
Reservoirs in California
Reservoirs in Northern California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ships%20of%20the%20Victorian%20Naval%20Forces
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List of ships of the Victorian Naval Forces
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List of Ships of the Victorian Naval Forces, 1855–1901:
A
B
C
E
F
G
L
N
V
References
Warships of Australia, Ross Gillett, Illustrations Colin Graham, Rigby Limited, 1977,
Victorian Naval Forces ships
Victorian Naval Forces ships
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20de%20la%20Mare
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William de la Mare
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William de La Mare (fl. 1272–1279) was an English Franciscan theologian.
Biography
William de la Mare's origins are unknown. He obtained a master's degree (Master Regent) in Paris in 1274/5. In Paris, he came under the influence of Bonaventura and Roger Bacon. He returned to England, and is known to have preached in Lincoln.
In 1310, de la Mare was classed with Bonaventura, John Peckham, and others among the "solemn masters" of the order.
Works
De la Mare wrote scholarly notes relating to biblical texts, including textual notes (his Correctio textus bibliae), a linguistic references for the Hebrew used in original version of biblical scripture (the De hebraeis et graecis vocabilis glossarum bibliae).
In the period 1277–9, de la Mare composed a work on Thomas Aquinas, the Correctorium, or Reprehensorium. In 1282, the Franciscan order adopted the 'Correctorium ', critical of Aquinas (of the Dominican Order), and it was prescribed to be read in conjunction with his works. The substance of the Correctorium was later printed (at Strasburg, 1501; Cordova, 1701, and elsewhere) with the reply to it under the name of Ægidius Colonna. De la Mare argues that, as the "principium individuationis" is, according to the Thomists, matter, and not form, individuality, according to them, ceases to exist as soon as the soul leaves the body; in other words, the Dominican school supported the Averroistic heresy of the universal soul.
De la Mare also wrote in favour of a strict observance of the rule of St. Francis. Among his extant works are: Quæstiones de Natura Virtutis, Burney MS. Brit. Library, 358; and Commentaries on the first three books of the Sentences, manuscripts of which are in the Laurentian Library at Florence, formerly in the Franciscan library of Santa Croce.
References
External links
Attribution
De La Mare, William
De La Mare, William
De La Mare, William
13th-century English writers
De La Mare, William
Year of birth unknown
English philosophers
13th-century writers in Latin
13th-century philosophers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulima%20fischeri
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Eulima fischeri
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Eulima fischeri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Eulimidae. The species is one of a number within the genus Eulima.
This is a taxon inquirendum.
Description
The length of the shell attains 3.5 mm.
Distribution
This marine species occurs in the Gulf of Guinea.
References
External links
Dautzenberg P. (1912) Mission Gruvel sur la côte occidentale d'Afrique (1909-1910): Mollusques marins. Annales de l'Institut Océanographique, Paris, (Nouvelle Série) 5(3): 1-111, pl. 1-3
fischeri
Gastropods described in 1912
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Brewer%27s%20Art
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The Brewer's Art
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The Brewer's Art is a brewpub and restaurant located in Baltimore, Maryland that opened in September 1996. In 2008, it was named by Esquire magazine as the #1 Best Bar in America.
Beers
Ozzy/Beazly
In March 2014, Ozzy Osbourne issued a cease and desist order to the Brewer's Art, demanding that they change the name and packaging design of their Belgian strong pale ale, Ozzy. The beer is now called Beazly. The beer is a tribute to the Belgian beer Duvel.
Resurrection
The Resurrection is an abbey-style dubbel and is made with five types of barley malt and a lot of sugar.
In popular culture
Brewer's Art is used as a location in season 3, episode eight of The Wire, "Moral Midgetry".
References
External links
Beer brewing companies based in Maryland
Restaurants in Baltimore
1996 establishments in Maryland
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayris
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Ayris
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Ayris is an English surname. Notable people with this name include:
Cyril Ayris, Australian author
Johnny Ayris (born 1953), English former football right winger
Renae Ayris (born 1990), Australian dancer, model, and beauty pageant contestant
English-language surnames
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege%20of%20Chittorgarh%20%281567%E2%80%931568%29
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Siege of Chittorgarh (1567–1568)
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The siege of Chittorgarh (23 October 1567 – 23 February 1568) was the military expedition of the Mughal Empire under Akbar against the Mewar kingdom that commenced in 1567 during which the Mughals successfully captured the fort of Chittorgarh after a hard-pressed siege which lasted for several months.
Akbar under his expansionist policy, besieged the strategic Sisodia capital of Chittor in October 1567 and further gave a religious colour to the struggle by declaring it as a Jihād against the infidels. On Akbar's advance, Sisodia ruler Rana Udai Singh moved to the mountainous principality of his kingdom (on the advice of his war councils) and placed the fort under the command of Jaimal Rathore.
After over four months of seesaw action during which the Mughal forces suffered heavy casualties, the battle eventually broke the deadlock when Jaimal succumbed to a musket shot of Akbar on 22 February 1568. The fort was captured the next morning on the day of Holi after a gallant resistance by the Rajputs. The conquest of Chittor was proclaimed by Akbar as the victory of Islam over infidels.
After the subjugation of the fort, Akbar ordered a general massacre of Chittor's population in the course of which 30,000 Hindu civilians were slaughtered and a large number of women and children were enslaved. Akbar placed the fort under his general Asaf Khan and returned to Agra.
Background
In 1567, Akbar after putting down the revolts of Uzbeks, turned his attention towards the Rajput states of Rajasthan. The Kachwaha ruler Bharmal already accepted his supremacy by sending his daughter Harka Bai into the Mughal Harem, although all other families except Amber were still hostile towards the Mughals. Thus, Akbar undertook a vigorous expansionist policy to bring them under his sway. Due to the political importance of Chittor for a stable route to Malwa and Gujarat and for further inroads into the Deccan, Akbar advanced with a vast army and artillery from his capital Agra and besieged the fort on 23 October 1567. The contemporary Persian chronicles and his courtiers, also blamed Rana Udai Singh for providing refuge to the Afghan rebel Baz Bahadur as a reason of their invasion.
On hearing about Akbar's encroachment into his territory, Udai Singh along with the royal family on the advice of his war councils and ministers fled to the western belt of Mewar in his newly established city of Udaipur. Some later writers accused him of cowardice and being an unworthy heir of Rana Sanga, although no contemporary Persian author gave such an impression. Udai Singh placed the fort under the command of Jaimal Rathore with 8,000 cavalry and some musketeers.
When Akbar learnt of Udai Singh's escape, he dispatched a force under Hussain Kuli Khan towards Udaipur to capture him, although he failed to capture the Rana and returned after plundering Udaipur and its surrounding districts. After the failure of Hussain Quli Khan, Akbar sent another contingent under Asaf Khan to capture Udai Singh. While he too failed to capture the Rana, though, he sacked the wealthy town of Rampura (renamed it Islampur) which guarded the southern flank of Chittor. According to Akbar, the Mughal troops returned with enormous spoils and "sent many worthless infidels to the abode of perdition".
Siege
Initially, the Mughals tried to attack the fortress directly but the citadel was so sturdy that the only options available to the Mughals were to either starve out the occupants of the fort or to somehow reach the walls and sap beneath them. After initial aggressive attempts at reaching the wall failed, Akbar ordered a complement of 5,000 expert builders, stonemasons, and carpenters to construct sabats (approach trenches) and mines to reach the walls. Two mines and one sabat were constructed after significant casualties while three batteries bombarded the fort. A large siege cannon was also cast to breach the walls once the sabat reached the objective.
Fifty-eight days after the siege began, the imperial sappers finally reached the walls of Chittorgarh. The two mines were exploded and the walls were breached at the cost of 200 of the assault force. But the defenders soon sealed the opening. Akbar then steadily brought his siege cannon closer to the walls under the cover of the sabat. Finally, on 22 February 1568, the Mughals were able to breach the walls at several locations simultaneously to begin a coordinated assault. While Jaimal was repairing the damage to the fort at night, Akbar killed Jaimal through a musket shot which shattered the morale of the defenders who considered the day lost.
On the night of 22 February 1568, several Rajput women at various places inside the fort committed Jauhar (self-immolation by fire) to protect their honour from the Mughals. Thus, on 23 February 1568 on the day of Hindu festival of Holi, the Rajputs dressed in saffron garments opened the gates for the last stand (Sakha) under the leadership of Patta Chundawat and eventually by night, the fort was captured by the Mughals after a gallant resistance.
The siege also resulted in heavy casualties on the Mughal side, where two hundred of them were killed every day. The contemporaneous Persian accounts mentioned several instances during the siege where Akbar himself barely evaded death.
Aftermath
After capturing the fort on 23 February 1568, Akbar ordered a general massacre of Chittor's population in which 30,000 Hindu civilians inside the fort who were largely non-combatants were slaughtered. After the mass slaughter, many women and children were enslaved followed by desecration of many Hindu and Jain temples on Akbar's order.
Akbar who earlier gave a religious colour to the conflict by declaring it as a Jihād, subsequently proclaimed the conquest of the fort as the victory of Islam over infidels. The Mughal soldiers who died in the combat were hailed as Ghazis by Akbar. He also issued a victory letter on 9 March 1568 where he addressed his governors of Punjab about the campaign (quoted by Andre Wink)
Akbar stayed at Chittorgarh for three days before leaving for the shrine of Moinuddin Chishti (barefooted), as part of his oath to visit the shrine after the conquest of Chittor. Akbar handed the charge of the fort to his trusted general Asaf Khan and returned to Agra.
On returning to Agra, Akbar erected the statues of Jaimal and Patta outside his fort either to honour their doughty resistance or to humiliate them as his doorkeepers. Akbar, also commented upon them in his victory letter. (translated by Ishtiyaq Ahmad Zilli)
The violent fate of Chittor turned out to be a watershed in Akbar's conquest of the north Indian plain and in his relations with the Rajput states. The reduction of Chittor, brought almost all of the leading Rajput kingdoms under his sway who were hostile towards him prior to the battle. However, Udai Singh II, the Rana of Mewar, continued to remain at large until his death four years later. His son Maharana Pratap lost the Battle of Haldighati. Though losing the entire Mewar in 1582, through guerrilla warfare, he managed to regain western Mewar until his death. In 1615 Amar Singh I, the son of Pratap Singh, accepted Mughal suzerainty and a year later Jahangir, as a goodwill gesture, allowed him entry in Chittor Fort under the condition that it will never be repaired, as it might be used a bastion for future rebellions.
Traditions
The Jauhar of 1568 is a part of the regional legend and is locally remembered on the Hindu festival of Holi (on the day Chittor was sacked) as a day of Chittorgarh massacre by Akbar, with "the red colour signifying the blood that flowed that day".
In popular culture
Mughal conquest of Chittor was part of Sony television series Bharat Ka Veer Putra – Maharana Pratap based on the life of Maharana Pratap. The series depicted the besieging of the fort in over twenty episodes titled Chittor par Sankat.
See also
Siege of Chittorgarh (1303)
Footnotes
Citations
Bibliography
Chittorgarh
Chittorgarh
Chittorgarh
Chittorgarh
History of Rajasthan
1567 in India
1568 in India
Chittorgarh district
Conflicts in India
Chittorgarh Fort
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%E2%80%9385%20Detroit%20Red%20Wings%20season
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1984–85 Detroit Red Wings season
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The 1984–85 Detroit Red Wings season was the Red Wings' 53rd season, the franchise's 59th.
Offseason
Regular season
On October 26, 1984, Paul Coffey of the Edmonton Oilers would be the last defenceman in the 20th Century to score four goals in one game. It occurred in a game versus the Detroit Red Wings.
Final standings
Record vs. opponents
Schedule and results
Playoffs
They made it into the playoffs again and got swept in the first round in a best of five series by Chicago in 3 games, or 0–3.
Player statistics
Regular season
Scoring
Goaltending
Playoffs
Scoring
Goaltending
Note: GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/- = Plus-minus PIM = Penalty minutes; PPG = Power-play goals; SHG = Short-handed goals; GWG = Game-winning goals;
MIN = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals-against average; SO = Shutouts;
Awards and records
Transactions
Draft picks
Detroit's draft picks at the 1984 NHL Entry Draft held at the Montreal Forum in Montreal, Quebec.
Farm teams
See also
1984–85 NHL season
References
External links
Detroit Red Wings seasons
Detroit
Detroit
Detroit Red
Detroit Red
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1960%20Meath%20Intermediate%20Football%20Championship
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1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship
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The 1960 Meath Intermediate Football Championship is the 34th edition of the Meath GAA's premier club Gaelic football tournament for intermediate graded teams in County Meath, Ireland. The tournament consists of 12 teams. The championship format consists of a league stage.
No team was regraded from the 1959 S.F.C.
At the end of the season Carlanstown, Castletown and Millbrook applied to be regraded to the 1961 J.A.F.C. while Fordstown and Kilberry applied to be regraded to the 1961 J.B.F.C.
On 16 October 1960, Athboy claimed their 1st Intermediate championship title when they defeated St. Patrick's 2-7 to 1-3 in the final at Pairc Tailteann.
Team changes
The following teams have changed division since the 1959 championship season.
From I.F.C.
Promoted to 1960 S.F.C.
Donaghmore - (Intermediate Champions)
Relegated to 1960 J.A.F.C.
Clonard
Curraha
Duleek
Disbanded:
Oldcastle - (Didn't enter another team into Meath GAA competitions until the 1964 J.A.F.C.)
To I.F.C.
Regraded from 1959 S.F.C.
None
Promoted from 1959 J.A.F.C. & J.B.F.C.
Drumree - (Junior & Junior 'A' Divisional Champions)
St. Patrick's - (Junior 'A' Divisional Runners-Up)
Millbrook - (Junior 'A' Semi-Finalists)
Kilberry - (Junior 'A' Semi-Finalists)
Group stage
There are 2 groups called Group A and B. The top finisher in each group will qualify for the Final. Some results were unavailable in the Meath Chronicle.
Group A
Round 1:
Slane 3-4, 0-4 Kilberry, Pairc Tailteann, 6/3/1960,
Castletown 2-3, 0-3 Kilmainhamwood, Kells, 13/3/1960,
St. Patrick's w, l Dunshaughlin, Ashbourne, 13/3/1960,
Round 2:
Kilmainhamwood 3-9, 3-5 Kilberry, Kells, 22/5/1960,
Dunshaughlin 3-11, 2-5 Castletown, Skryne, 29/5/1960,
St. Patrick's 3-8, 0-6 Slane, Pairc Tailteann, 18/9/1960,
Round 3:
St. Patrick's -vs- Castletown, Lougher, 5/6/1960,
Kilmainhamwood -vs- Slane, Castletown, 26/6/1960,
Dunshaughlin w, l Kilberry, Kilmessan, 24/7/1960,
Round 4:
St. Patrick's -vs- Kilmainhamwood, Pairc Tailteann, 17/7/1960,
Kilberry 1-6, 2-1 Castletown, Kells, 31/7/1960,
Slane 1-8, 0-7 Dunshaughlin, Skryne, 21/8/1960,
Round 5:
St. Patrick's w, l Kilberry, Skryne, 21/8/1960,
Kilmainhamwood -vs- Dunshaughlin,
Slane -vs- Castletown,
Group B
Round 1:
Athboy 3-6, 1-3 Fordstown, Pairc Tailteann, 6/3/1960,
Millbrook 1-6, 0-4 Carlanstown, Kells, 13/3/1960,
Drumree w, l Ballinabrackey, Trim, 13/3/1960,
Round 2:
Millbrook 0-9, 0-5 Fordstown, Kells, 3/4/1960,
Drumree w, l Carlanstown, Dunderry, 26/6/1960,
Ballinabrackey 1-5, 1-5 Athboy, Kildalkey, 3/7/1960,
Round 3:
Fordstown 2-1, 0-4 Carlanstown, Kells, 17/7/1960,
Athboy 1-5, 0-7 Drumree, Kilmessan, 24/7/1960,
Ballinabrackey w, l Millbrook, Kildalkey, 24/7/1960,
Round 4:
Drumree 1-10, 2-5 Millbrook, Pairc Tailteann, 28/8/1960,
Ballinabrackey w, l Fordstown,
Athboy w/o, scr Carlanstown,
Round 5:
Athboy 1-8, 1-4 Millbrook, Kells, 18/9/1960,
Ballinabrackey w/o, scr Carlanstown,
Drumree w/o, scr Fordstown,
Final
Athboy 2-7, 1-3 St. Patrick's, Pairc Tailteann, 16/10/1960.
References
External links
Meath Intermediate Football Championship
Meath Intermediate Football Championship
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conopidae
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Conopidae
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The Conopidae, usually known as the thick-headed flies, are a family of flies within the Brachycera suborder of Diptera, and the sole member of the superfamily Conopoidea. Flies of the family Conopidae are distributed worldwide in all the biogeographic realms except for the poles and many of the Pacific islands. About 800 species in 47 genera are described worldwide, about 70 of which are found in North America. The majority of conopids are black and yellow, or black and white, and often strikingly resemble wasps, bees, or flies of the family Syrphidae, themselves notable bee mimics. A conopid is most frequently found at flowers, feeding on nectar with its proboscis, which is often long.
Description
For terms see Morphology of Diptera.
Rather thinly pilose or nearly bare, elongate or stout flies of small to large size (3–20 mm, usually 5–15 mm). They are often lustrous with a black and yellow colour pattern or with reddish brown markings. The head is broad and the frons is broad in both sexes. Ocelli may be present or absent (Conopinae). Ocellar bristles are small or absent. Interfrontal bristles and vibrissae are absent. The antennae have three segments, the third bearing a dorsal bare arista or terminal style. Above the antennae is an inflatable ptilinum. The oral opening is large and the proboscis is long and slender and often geniculate. The base of the abdomen is often constricted and the genitalia of both sexes are conspicuous. In the females the genitalia are often large or greatly elongated. The wing is usually clear, in some cases with dark markings often along the costa. The costa is continuous and the subcostal vein is complete. The anal cell is closed and the first basal cell is always very long, the second moderately
long. The apical cell is closed or much narrowed. Tibiae are with (Myopinae) or without dorsal preapical bristle.
Sample genera: Conops, Dalmannia, Physocephala, Stylogaster, Myopa, and Physoconops.
Biology
The larvae of all conopids are internal parasites, most of aculeate (stinging) Hymenoptera. Adult females aggressively intercept their hosts in flight to deposit eggs. Accordingly, in the species Bombus terrestris, it has been shown that vulnerable foraging bees are likely the most susceptible to parasitism by conopids. The female's abdomen is modified to form what amounts to a "can opener" to pry open the segments of the host's abdomen as the egg is inserted. The subfamily Stylogastrinae, including the genus Stylogaster, is somewhat different, in that the egg itself is shaped somewhat like a harpoon, with a rigid barbed tip, and the egg is forcibly jabbed into the host. Some species of Stylogaster are obligate associates of army ants, using the ants' raiding columns to flush out their prey. Certain members of the genus Physocephala have minor economic importance as parasites of honey bees. Some members of this genus, such as Physocephala tibialis have been shown to induce certain bumblebees to bury themselves before they die, allowing the adult fly to emerge from their hosts underground. More research is needed to determine the life histories of most conopids.
Species lists
Nearctic
West Palaearctic including Russia
Australasian/Oceanian
Japan
World list
Identification
Krober. 1925. Conopidae.In: Lindner, E. (Ed.). Die Fliegen der Paläarktischen Region, 4, 4: 1-41
Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision (in German).
Séguy, E. (1934) Diptères: Brachycères. II. Muscidae acalypterae, Scatophagidae. Paris: Éditions Faune de France 28. virtuelle numérique
Zirnjna. L.V. Family Conopidae in Bei-Bienko, G. Ya, 1988 Keys to the insects of the European Part of the USSR Volume 5 (Diptera) Part 2 English edition. Keys to Palaearctic species but now needs revision.
References
Further reading
. Keys larvae and pupae to genus (worldwide). Very full world bibliography of biology and immature stages.
K. G. V. Smith, 1989 An introduction to the immature stages of British Flies. Diptera Larvae, with notes on eggs, puparia and pupae.Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects Vol 10 Part 14. pdf download manual (two parts Main text and figures index)
External links
Thick-headed Fly - Physoconops sp. diagnostic photographs, natural history
Image Gallery
Family description and images
Wing venation
Brachycera families
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husky%20Pass
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Husky Pass
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Husky Pass () is a pass between the Lanterman Range and Molar Massif in the Bowers Mountains of Victoria Land, Antarctica, located at the head of Sledgers Glacier and an unnamed tributary, leading to Leap Year Glacier. This mountain pass was so named by the New Zealand Geological Survey Antarctic Expedition, 1963–64, for the great efforts made here by dog teams in hauling out of the Rennick Glacier basin into that of Lillie Glacier. The pass lies situated on the Pennell Coast, a portion of Antarctica lying between Cape Williams and Cape Adare.
Further reading
J. A. S. Dow & V. E. Neall (1974), Geology of the Lower Rennick Glacier, Northern Victoria Land, Antarctica, New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 17:3, 659–714, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288306.1973.10421588 PP 683, 686
Antarctic Journal of the United States, Volume 29, Issue 5, P 26
G. DI VINCENZO, R. PALMERI, F. TALARICO, P. A. M. ANDRIESSEN AND C. A. RICCI, Petrology and Geochronology of Eclogites from the Lanterman Range, Antarctica, JOURNAL OF PETROLOGY VOLUME 38 NUMBER 10 PAGES 1391–1417 1997
External links
Husky Pass on USGS website
Husky Pass on the Antarctica New Zealand Digital Asset Manager website
Husky Pass on SCAR website
Husky Pass area satellite image
References
Mountain passes of Victoria Land
Pennell Coast
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Phoenix%20Incident
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The Phoenix Incident
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The Phoenix Incident is a 2016 American science fiction horror film written and directed by first time director Keith Arem, and starring Yuri Lowenthal, Troy Baker, Liam O'Brien, Michael Adamthwaite, Jamie Tisdale and Brian Bloom. Presented as a documentary found footage film based on real events, it is set in the present day and focuses upon an alleged conspiracy behind the Phoenix lights, a mass UFO sighting which occurred in Phoenix, Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico, on Thursday, March 13, 1997. On that date, lights of varying descriptions were reported by thousands of people between 19:30 and 22:30 MST in a space of about 300 miles (480 km) from the Nevada state line, through Phoenix, to the border of Tucson. The film focuses on the main events in and around Phoenix during this time.
Plot
The Phoenix Incident begins with the night vision observation of a scorpion, moving across the screen before cutting to a series of military firefight engagements in Damal, Turkey, Dayr Az Zawr, Syria and Mogadishu, Banadir, Somalia, often with alien cries heard during these engagements. Expository text explains that, since 1997, the United States military has been engaged in a covert war against "forces of unknown origin", and that "57 incidents have spread across Asia, Europe and Russia." It goes on to note that NATO notes that alien invasion forces will reach populated areas within two years, and that the conflict itself is in retaliation for an incident in Phoenix, Arizona on March 13, 1997. The film notes that it is dedicated to "members of the intelligence community who provided evidence that made the film possible".
Tying into the film's viral campaign, the film introduces the disappearance of four Arizona men. Heaven's Gate cult member Walton S. Gayson (Adamthwaite), initially held as a suspect in the murder of the four men, was taken into federal custody. Later, the search for the men was suspended, concluding that the four men had been killed in a bear attack, a conclusion which the local medical examiner denies, but was ordered to list as the cause of death.
The documentary style film moves between two complementary plotlines; the first is a filmed interview with an unidentified Air Force pilot who exposes, despite likely repercussions, the truth about what happened to four missing civilian men on the night of the Phoenix Lights. The second plotline comes from recovered filmed footage ("The Lauder Tapes") by one of four men: Glenn Lauder (Lowenthal), Mitch Adams (Willingham), Ryan Stone (Baker) and Jacob Reynolds (O'Brien). Lauder cannibalizes several different cameras, even duct taping a camcorder to the side of his ATV helmet. It is from these cameras that most of the footage is derived.
The interviewed officer details how the military detected the approach of a triangular-shaped object in the tail of the passing Hale-Bopp comet until it began to descend into Earth's atmosphere over Arizona. Later, the object goes missing and two KH satellites in the area had stopped transmitting.
The men decide to go out to the foothills by the Sierra Estrella to spend time together and ride their ATVs. Mitch, whose brother was a former US Marine is excited about the trip, his friends substantially less so. While packing their truck for the trip, the men notice a growing military air presence in the area, first helicopters and then F-15 fighter jets and A-10's, as well as odd atmospheric disturbances. When they embark on their trip in Ryan's truck, it suddenly breaks down in the foothills. Jacob tries to repair the damage to the vehicle while the others try to find someplace to call for Roadside assistance. They come across a desert compound, protected by an electrified fence, owned by the reclusive Walton S. Gayson. A highly agitated Gayson accosts Jacob at the truck, warning him that they must leave immediately. Despite the warning, the men set off in their ATVs into the foothills anyway.
Further questioned, the Air Force officer details how several "bogeys" had entered Nevada's airspace before turning towards Phoenix. By this time, several eyewitnesses had already seen the multiple crafts, and Operation Snowbird goes into effect: a diversion operation to distract the civilian population with decoy flares while an aerial dogfight ensues between Air Force jets and the unidentified craft at the Barry M. Goldwater Air Force Range.
The four men witness the dogfight when an alien craft is disabled and crashes into a nearby hill. Mitch's brother had been killed in a helicopter crash, so he decides to try and render aid to what he presumes is a human pilot. Upon reaching the downed craft, before the military can respond, the men are attacked by defensive creatures that faintly resembles man-sized scorpions; Jacob is severely injured in the attack. Their ATVs are destroyed by the aliens, and they take refuge in Gayson's compound. Gayson has been awaiting the coming of the creatures for years to be abducted and taken to a "higher plane" of existence, so he turns off the electric fence, letting the creatures in.
In the final act, Jacob is abducted, and Mitch is ripped apart in an attempt to defend Ryan and Glenn, who are almost rescued by a military helicopter. After the helicopter is shot down by one of the UFOs, Ryan distracts the creatures before being dragged off by one of them and Glenn runs into a vehicle to hide from them, before making a run for it alone. However, just as it seems he has escaped, one of the aliens attacks him. As his helmet flies off, Glenn is killed out of the view of the camcorder before the creature disappears, and one of the alien spacecraft slowly leaves the area. Gayson later finds the helmet and recovers the camcorder's film.
In a post-credits scene, it is revealed that Gayson escaped prison shortly after his interview. In the next scene, a clean-shaven Gayson douses himself in gas and sets himself on fire, preparing to 'rise above this world". The scene leads viewers into the online viral campaign, revealing how the Lauder Tapes were discovered.
Cast
Yuri Lowenthal as Glenn Lauder
Mason Joyce as Glenn (Age 4)
Travis Willingham as Mitch Adams
Troy Baker as Ryan Stone
Liam O'Brien as Jacob Reynolds
Michael Adamthwaite as Walton Samuel Gayson
Brian Bloom as LAFB Pilot
Jamie Tisdale as Melissa Henessey
James Patrick Stuart as David Collins
Fife Symington III as himself
John McCain as himself
Mark Withers as Bill Lauder
Karl Girolamo as Young Bill Lauder
Deborah Geffner as Susan Lauder
Leah Stoltz as Young Susan Lauder
Maria Bobeva as Sue Ellen Gayson
Constance Broge as Michelle Stone
Paul Thomas Arnold as Daniel Adams
James Burns as Ken Adams
Randy Hamilton as DMAF pilot
Frances Barwood as herself
Timothy Ley as himself
Jamie Fauth as Carl Conner
Matthew Godbey as Avondale Officer
Ryan Keating as Lt. Col. James Edwards
Holgie Forrester as Marsha Reynolds
William Goldman as Dr. Robert Weissman, M.E.
James Brewster as Major Jonathan Shapiro
Elise Muller as Krissy Thompson
Tony Prince as Rick Thompson
Dan Willoughby as Cmdr Bryce Shepard
Scot Ruggles as Lt. S. Jordan
Mark McClain Wilson as Police 1
Erika Elyse as Police 2
Ron Ross as Henry Reynolds
Brandon White as Mark Adams
Mary Beth McDade as herself
Rick Debruhl as himself
Rebecca Grant as herself
Tamara Henry as herself
Rick Chambers as himself
Cher Calvin as herself
Craig Michaels as himself
Tom McNamara as himself
Marla Tellez as herself
Micah Olman as himself
Michael Watkiss as himself
Valerie Arem as Operator
Matthew Mercer as Pilot
Paul Vinson as Tow Truck Driver
Arif S. Kinchen as Eyewitness
Jeff Boatman as Helicopter Pilot
Production
Before production and release of the movie, Director Keith Arem, noted for his work in video games and graphic novels, began a four-year long transmedia marketing campaign, using twenty hidden websites, social media accounts, and blogs to drop "digital breadcrumbs" about a "vast military cover-up over the disappearance of four friends off-roading in the mountains near Phoenix after witnessing the U.S. military shoot down a UFO". This viral marketing campaign was so effective that the U.S. Department of Justice and Arizona military officials investigated the film makers, and many news media outlets such as The Mirror (a British tabloid), Yahoo News (a US-based news aggregator) and the Business Standard (an Indian English-language daily newspaper) reported the viral marketing campaign as real news events.
Release
The Phoenix Incident was initially theatrically released with Fathom Events on March 10, 2016. An international version of the film was pre-released in the UK on September 7, 2015. The filmmakers partnered with gaming, UFO, and horror sites to promote the film's viral campaign, and released over 4 hours of additional content and story from the film. The film was awarded Best Feature at the Capital Cities Film Festival, Best Feature at the ICE Film Festival, and Vision Award at the Boston SciFi Film Festival. The movie was nominated for Best Horror at the Palm Beach Film Festival, and showcased at the BIFAN International Film Festival in South Korea. The film was featured at the 69th Roswell Festival in New Mexico. The film won Best Narrative Feature and Best Director at the Los Angeles Underground Film Festival.
The film makers utilized social media sites and sponsors, including Fathom Events, AMC, Hollywood Today, Regal, Fandango, Celestron, Shazam, and Lootcrate to distribute hidden content and supplemental clips from the motion picture and viral campaign. Director Keith Arem announced that an interactive/investigation version of the film as an iOS app would be released to contain all of the hidden content from the entire campaign. The Phoenix Interactive UFO Investigation App was released in July 2019 at San Diego Comic Con. In January 2023, the film makers released “Phoenix Incident Festival Cut”, containing revised scenes and visual improvements. The film won Best Director at the 2023 Stanley Kubrick Awards, along with 49 other film festivals wins including Best Horror, Best Thriller, and Best First Time Film maker
See also
Found footage (film technique)
References
External links
2015 films
2015 horror films
2010s supernatural horror films
2010s science fiction horror films
Alien abduction films
American supernatural horror films
American science fiction horror films
Camcorder films
Films set in 2015
Films set in Arizona
Films shot in Arizona
Films scored by John Paesano
Found footage films
American mockumentary films
UFO-related films
2010s English-language films
2010s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podari
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Podari
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Podari is a commune in Dolj County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of five villages: Balta Verde, Braniște, Gura Văii, Livezi, and Podari.
Natives
Ștefan Andrei (1931–2014), communist politician, Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1978 to 1985
Tudor Gheorghe (born 1945), musician, actor, and poet
References
Communes in Dolj County
Localities in Oltenia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortifications%20of%20the%20Cape%20Peninsula
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Fortifications of the Cape Peninsula
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Dozens of fortifications were built in Cape Town and the Cape Peninsula between the 1650s and the 1940s. Most have gone, but a few still stand.
List of fortifications
Entries in bold indicate that the building still stands, either intact or in ruins.
Dutch colonial period (1652–1795)
17th century
Fort de Goede Hoop (1652–1674) – Table Bay (present Grand Parade)
Tranenborg (1652–?) – Table Bay (Salt River mouth)
Duynhoop (1654–1672) – Table Bay (Salt River mouth)
:af:Coornhoop (1657–1662) – present-day Mowbray
Kyckuyt (1659–1670s) – present-day Paarden Eiland
Keert de Koe (1659–1670s) – present-day Maitland
Houdt den Bul (1659–1663) – present-day Bishopscourt
Ruyterwacht (1659–1660s) – present-day Rondebosch
Santhoop (1661–?) – Table Bay (near Salt River mouth)
Castle of Good Hope (born 1674) – Table Bay
18th century
Chavonnes Battery (1726–1860) – Table Bay
Fort De Knokke (1744–1926) – Table Bay
Sea Lines (1744–1827) – Table Bay
Imhoff Battery (1744–1896) – Table Bay (next to Castle)
Muizenberg Fort (1740s–1827) – near present Natale Labia Art Museum
French Lines (or Military Lines) (1781–1827) – present-day Trafalgar Park (Woodstock)
Gordon Battery (c1781–?) – slopes of Devil's Peak
Kloof Nek Battery (c1781–1827) – Kloof Nek (between Table Mountain and Lion's Head)
Camps Bay Battery – present-day Camps Bay High School
Conway Redoubt (c1781–?) – Constantia Nek
Gilquin Battery (later West Fort) (1781–1827 – Hout Bay
Zoutman Battery (later East Fort) (1781–1827 – Hout Bay
Amsterdam Battery (1787–1900s) – Table Bay (near present V&A Waterfront entrance)
Coehoorn Battery (1780s–?) – slopes of Devil's Peak
Rogge Bay Battery (1780s–1827) – present St John's Arcade, Riebeeck Street
Boetselaar Battery (1793–) – Simon's Town
Zoutman Battery (later Lower North Battery) (1793–) – Simon's Town
Klein Gibraltar (1794–1827) – Hout Bay
Kyk in de Pot (1795–) – Table Bay (rebuilt as Fort Wynyard 1862)
British colonial period (1795–1910)
18th century
Craig's Tower (1795–?) – near Salt River mouth
York Blockhouse (later Queen's Blockhouse) (1795–1827) – Devil's Peak
King's Blockhouse (1795–1827) – Devil's Peak
Prince of Wales's Blockhouse (1795–1827) – Devil's Peak
Martello Tower (born 1796) – Simon's Town
19th century
Fort Wynyard (born 1862) – Table Bay
Craig's Battery (1880s–?) – near Salt River mouth (replaced Craig's Tower)
Green Point Battery (1880s–1907) – Mouille Point beachfront
Three Anchor Bay Battery (1880s–1920s) – Three Anchor Bay beachfront
Cemetery Battery (later Queen's Battery) (1889–1943) – Simon's Town
Noah's Ark Battery (1890–1940s) – Simon's Town
Sea Point Battery (1891–1928) – present Sea Point Junior School site
Lion Battery (born 1891) – Signal Hill
Middle North Battery (born 1892) – Simon's Town
Upper North Battery (1895–?) – Simon's Town
20th century
Scala Battery (1906–1947) – Simon's Town
Union/Republic of South Africa (1910–)
20th century
King George V Battery (1914–1928) – Milnerton
Duiker Battery (later Apostle Battery) (1940–) – Llandudno
Cornelia Battery (1940–1944) – Robben Island (north)
Robben Eiland Battery (later De Waal Battery) (1941–1944) – Robben Island (south)
Docks Battery (later Duncan Battery) (1940–1946) – Table Bay
References
Barker, B.J. (2003) The Castle of Good Hope from 1666.
Emms, M. (1976) "Fortifications of the Cape of Good Hope" in Lantern (June 1976).
Ras, A.C. (1959) Die Kasteel en ander Vroeë Kaapse vestingwerke 1652–1713.
Rosenthal, E. (1966) Bastion of the South.
Seemann, U.A. (1997) Fortifications of the Cape Peninsula 1647–1829.
Sleigh, D. (1996) Forts of the Liesbeek Frontier.
See also
Chavonnes Battery Museum
Fort de Goede Hoop
Fortress Study Group: The Cape Town Guns
Redout Duijnhoop
List of Castles and Fortifications in South Africa
Castles in South Africa
History of Cape Town
Military history of South Africa
Forts in South Africa
Buildings and structures in Cape Town
Cape Peninsula
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boot%20Campaign
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Boot Campaign
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Boot Campaign is a national 501(c)(3) charitable organization with offices in Dallas, Texas. Boot Campaign is accredited by the Better Business Bureau, continues a years-long Platinum rating from Candid (formerly GuideStar), and has been named one of the nation's Great Nonprofits.
Programs
Boot Campaign has three programs in support of veterans, and military families. The Health and Wellness program delivers personalized treatment plans to veterans and their families. The program treats diverse health challenges connected to Posttraumatic Stress and/or Traumatic Brain Injury, as well as addressing trauma-based insomnia, chronic pain, and substance abuse and targets many of the same risk factors associated with suicidal ideation. Boot Campaign program participants represent every branch of the military, and were a part of operations from the Vietnam War through today's present conflicts.
Boot Campaign's annual holiday program, Santa Boots, "drives patriotism and engages the community in helping meet service members’ needs and striving to make the holiday season brighter" by delivering specially curated gift boxes to veteran and active duty military families nationwide. The families served through their Santa Boots program are experiencing an unexpected financial hardship, a major medical challenge in the immediate family, a hardship during the past year(s) due to recently transitioning from the military, change of duty station or an unexpected/extended deployment.
Retail sales
Beginning in 2011, Boot Campaign began selling combat boots as a way to further the mission and raise money to support veterans and military families. Retail sales of branded apparel followed, and Boot Campaign now maintains an online retail shop, where the organization raises money to support its individualized programs through the sales of combat boots, apparel, accessories, and branded gear.
Financials
In addition to required IRS financial filings, Boot Campaign voluntarily undergoes an annual independent financial audit by a third party agency to verify IRS and 501(C)(3) compliance. Current and historical 990 tax filing information can be found on the Boot Campaign website. In 2021, 88 cents of every dollar donated to Boot Campaign went directly to the organization's programs for veterans and military families.
Recognition
Boot Campaign is listed in four charity monitoring websites: Candid (formerly GuideStar), GreatNonprofits, CharityNavigator and BBB Wise Giving Alliance. Candid first reviewed Boot Campaign in 2011, and has awarded the organization a Platinum rating for commitment to transparency. GreatNonprofits has named Boot Campaign a Top Rated charity annually since 2013, which requires an organization to earn at least 10 four-star reviews each year. Boot Campaign has more than 150 reviews with an overall average rating of five stars. The organization received a 100 out of 100 rating by Charity Navigator for accountability and financial responsibility. BBB Wise Giving Alliance rates the organization as an "accredited" charity based on its 20 standards for recognition.
History
Tyler, Texas orthodontist Sherri Reuland read "Lone Survivor,"Marcus Luttrell's account of Operation Red Wings, and was so moved by the story she recommended the book to four friends. Reuland, Ginger Giles, Heather Sholl, Leigh Ann Ranslem, and Mariae Bui borrowed combat boots for a photo project to show their support for troops and veterans asking Americans to "get their boots on" to show their support for the military.
References
External links
Organizations established in 2009
United States military support organizations
2009 establishments in Texas
Charities based in Texas
American veterans' organizations
501(c)(3) organizations
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Approaches%20Museum
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Western Approaches Museum
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The Western Approaches Museum in Liverpool, England, is a museum chronicling the work of Western Approaches Command around Atlantic convoys, combating the U-boat menace and the Battle of the Atlantic. Set in the restored former Second World War command centre responsible for coordinating the effort, the museum consists of re-opened rooms housing artefacts from when the command centre was in active use.
The museum includes a tour that covers the Central Operations room, cypher room, a 1940s street scene, NAAFI canteen and community classroom facility. It also contains the original Gaumont Kalee Dragon projector which Winston Churchill used to watch secret war footage.
Since September 2017, the museum has been run by a social enterprise group, Big Heritage. Since taking over, Big Heritage has undertaken a restoration of the site, unearthing artefacts and parts of the facility that had been closed off since the 1960s. The museum now hosts a special exhibition entitles "The Arctic Convoys - A Shared History" and an exhibition dedicated to the women of the WRNS (Women's Royal Naval Service).
Entry price to the museum includes 12 months of unlimited returns and there are concessions available. Children under the age of 16 are free. Regular holiday activities and events are available and are normally included in the admission cost.
References
External links
Western Approaches
History museums in Merseyside
Local museums in Merseyside
Museums in Liverpool
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lautaro%20Disanto
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Lautaro Disanto
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Lautaro Disanto (born 30 May 1998) is an Argentine professional footballer who plays as a forward for Defensores Unidos.
Career
Disanto began his career in the ranks of Primera B Nacional's Independiente Rivadavia. His first appearance was his professional debut, he participated for the final twenty-six minutes of a 2–2 draw with Los Andes on 21 May 2017. Disanto scored his first goal a month later during a victory over Chacarita Juniors, in a season which ended with fourteen appearances in all competitions and a fourth-place finish in 2016–17; he signed a contract until 2020 in that campaign.
Career statistics
.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Footballers from Mendoza, Argentina
Argentine men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Primera Nacional players
Independiente Rivadavia footballers
Club Villa Mitre footballers
Club Atlético Douglas Haig players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille%20Agnes%20Becker%20Paul
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Camille Agnes Becker Paul
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Camille Agnes Becker Paul (1932-2010) was an Australian feminist, moral theologian and activist.
Early life
Camille Agnes Becker was born in Sydney, Australia, in 1932. Her father, Norman Becker, was an engineer who worked on the New South Wales railroad, and her mother, Elsie Childs, was a dressmaker. She was raised in a Catholic family and attended Catholic school for primary education. and later studied to be a secretary, and a physical education trainer. She married Ken Paul in 1956, and had six children with him. Tragically, one of their children, a son, died by drowning in 1972, and one daughter was stillborn. These tragedies caused Paul to question her religious faith.
Career
Paul became interested in counseling, and attended the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney's Institute of Counseling, from 1975 to 1977. She then attended St. Patrick's Seminary in Manly. She became the second laywoman to obtain a baccalaureate degree in Sacred Theology from the seminary, when she graduated in 1983. She then earned a graduate degree in religious studies from the Catholic College of Education, in Sydney.
In 1984, she helped found Women and the Australian Church (WATAC), along with Pauline Smith and Patricia Bartley. She co-edited the journal Women-Church: An Australian Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, from 1989 to 2007.
Paul became a moral theology lecturer at St. Patrick's Seminary in 1985. She taught with Father Thomas Connelly in her first year, and in 1986, she began teaching the course on her own. She was the first woman to teach theology at the seminary. During her career, she also taught at the Catholic Institute of Sydney, and other regional settings.
In 1993, she earned a PhD from the University of Sydney. She published Equal or Different? Women, the Papacy and Social Justice, based on her dissertation, in 1999.
Death
She died in 2010, from colon cancer.
Select publications
Paul, Camille. "Feminism and stereotypes", Women-Church: Australian Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, no. 1 (1987): 15-16. Digitised version of no. 1 (1987) available on JSTOR Open Community Collections, University of Divinity Digital Collections, Mannix Library
Paul, Camille. "Listening to the voice of women", Women-Church: Australian Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion, no. 19 (1996): 29–30. Digitised version of no. 19 (1996) available on JSTOR Open Community Collections, University of Divinity Digital Collections, Mannix Library
References
External links
Women-Church Complete Archive on JSTOR Open Community Collections, University of Divinity Digital Collections, Mannix Library.
Australian feminists
1932 births
2010 deaths
Activists from Sydney
Australian Catholic University alumni
Australian magazine editors
University of Sydney alumni
Australian theologians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauron
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Sauron
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Sauron (pronounced ) is the title character and the primary antagonist, through the forging of the One Ring, of J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, where he rules the land of Mordor and has the ambition of ruling the whole of Middle-earth. In the same work, he is identified as the "Necromancer" of Tolkien's earlier novel The Hobbit. The Silmarillion describes him as the chief lieutenant of the first Dark Lord, Morgoth. Tolkien noted that the Ainur, the "angelic" powers of his constructed myth, "were capable of many degrees of error and failing", but by far the worst was "the absolute Satanic rebellion and evil of Morgoth and his satellite Sauron". Sauron appears most often as "the Eye", as if disembodied.
Tolkien, while denying that absolute evil could exist, stated that Sauron came as near to a wholly evil will as was possible. Commentators have compared Sauron to the title character of Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula, and to Balor of the Evil Eye in Irish mythology. Sauron is briefly seen in a humanoid form in Peter Jackson's film trilogy, which otherwise shows him as a disembodied, flaming Eye.
Fictional history
Before the world's creation
The Ainulindalë, the cosmological myth prefixed to The Silmarillion, explains how the supreme being Eru initiated his creation by bringing into being innumerable good, immortal, angelic spirits, the Ainur, including Sauron, one of the lesser Ainur, the Maiar. In his origin, Sauron therefore perceived the Creator directly. He was of a "far higher order" than the Maiar who later came to Middle-earth as the Wizards, such as Gandalf and Saruman. The Vala Melkor (later called Morgoth) rebelled against Eru, breaking the cosmic music that Eru had used in the world's creation with discord. So began "the evils of the world", which Sauron continued.
Sauron's fall in the First Age
Servant of Aulë
Sauron served Aulë, the smith of the Valar, acquiring much knowledge; he was at first called Mairon ("The Admirable", in Tolkien's invented language of Quenya) until he joined Melkor. In Beleriand, he was called Gorthu "Mist of Fear" and Gorthaur "The Cruel" in Sindarin, another of Tolkien's invented languages. Sauron was drawn to the power of Melkor, who attracted him by seeming to have power to "effect his designs quickly and masterfully", as Sauron hated disorder. Sauron became a spy for Melkor on the isle of Almaren, the dwelling-place of the Valar. Melkor soon destroyed Almaren, and the Valar moved to the Blessed Realm of Valinor, still not perceiving Sauron's treachery. Sauron left the Blessed Realm and went to Middle-earth, the central continent of Arda, where Melkor had established his stronghold. Sauron openly joined the Valar's enemy.
Lieutenant of Morgoth
Sauron became Morgoth's capable servant, helping him in all the "deceits of his cunning". By the time Elves awoke in the world, Sauron had become Melkor's lieutenant and was given command over the new stronghold of Angband. The Valar made war on Melkor and captured him, but Sauron escaped. He hid in Middle-earth, repaired Angband, and began breeding Orcs. Melkor escaped back to Middle-earth with the Silmarils. This conflicts with earlier versions of the story, in which Orcs existed before the wakening of the Elves, as in The Fall of Gondolin, p. 25. Sauron directed the war against the Elves, conquering the Elvish fortress of Minas Tirith (not to be confused with the later city in Gondor of the same name) on the isle of Tol Sirion in Beleriand. Lúthien and Huan the Wolfhound came to this fallen stronghold to save the imprisoned Beren, Lúthien's lover. Sauron, transformed into a werewolf, battled Huan, who took him by the throat; he was defeated and left as a huge vampire bat. Lúthien destroyed the tower and rescued Beren from the dungeons. Eärendil sailed to the Blessed Realm, and the Valar moved against Morgoth in the War of Wrath; he was defeated and cast into the Outer Void beyond the world, but again Sauron escaped.
The Rings of Power in the Second Age
About 500 years into the Second Age, Sauron reappeared, intent on taking over Middle-earth and ruling it as a God-King. To seduce the Elves into his service, Sauron assumed a fair appearance as Annatar, "Lord of Gifts", befriended the Elven-smiths of Eregion, led by Celebrimbor, and counselled them in arts and magic. With Sauron's assistance, the Elven-smiths forged the Rings of Power. Sauron then secretly forged the One Ring, to rule all other rings, in the volcanic Mount Doom in Mordor. The Elves detected his influence when he put on the One Ring, and removed their Rings. Enraged, Sauron initiated a great war and conquered much of the land west of Anduin. Sauron overran Eregion, killed Celebrimbor, and seized the Seven and the Nine Rings of Power. The Three Rings were saved by the Elves, specifically Gil-galad, Círdan, and Galadriel. Sauron besieged Imladris, battled Khazad-dûm and Lothlórien, and pushed further into Gil-galad's realm. The Elves were saved when a powerful army from Númenor arrived to their aid, defeating Sauron's forces and driving the remnant back to Mordor. Sauron fortified Mordor and completed the Dark Tower of Barad-dûr. He distributed the remaining rings of the Seven and the Nine to lords of Dwarves and Men, respectively. Dwarves proved too resilient to bend to his will, but he enslaved Men as the Nazgûl, his most feared servants. Orcs and Trolls became his servants, along with Easterlings and men of Harad.
Downfall of Númenor
Toward the end of the Second Age, Ar-Pharazôn, king of Númenor, led a massive army to Middle-earth. Sauron surrendered, to corrupt Númenor from within. With the One Ring, Sauron soon dominated the Númenóreans. He used his influence to undermine the religion of Númenor, acting as the high priest of Melkor and making people worship Melkor with human sacrifice. Sauron convinced Ar-Pharazôn to attack Aman by sea to steal immortality from the Valar. The Valar laid down their guardianship of the world and appealed to Eru. Eru destroyed the fleet, reshaped the world into a globe, removing Aman from the physical world. Númenor was drowned under the sea, Sauron's body was destroyed in the tumults and he lost the ability to appear beautiful.
War of the Last Alliance
Led by Elendil, nine ships carrying faithful Númenóreans were saved from the Downfall; they founded the kingdoms of Gondor and Arnor in Middle-earth. Sauron returned to Mordor; Mount Doom again erupted. Sauron captured Minas Ithil and destroyed the White Tree; Elendil's son Isildur escaped down the Anduin. Anárion defended Osgiliath and for a time drove Sauron's forces back to the mountains. Isildur and Anárion formed an alliance and defeated Sauron at Dagorlad. They invaded Mordor and laid siege to Barad-dûr for seven years. Finally Sauron came out to fight Elendil and Gil-galad face to face. When Elendil fell, his sword Narsil broke beneath him. Isildur took up the hilt-shard of Narsil and cut the One Ring from Sauron's hand, vanquishing Sauron. Elrond and Círdan, Gil-galad's lieutenants, urged Isildur to destroy the Ring by casting it into Mount Doom, which would have banished Sauron from Middle-earth for ever, but he refused and kept it for his own.
Third Age
A few years after the War of the Last Alliance, Isildur's army was ambushed by Orcs at the Gladden Fields. Isildur put on the Ring and attempted to escape by swimming across Anduin, but the Ring, trying to return to Sauron, slipped from his finger. Isildur was killed by Orc archers. Sauron spent a thousand years as a shapeless, dormant evil.
The Necromancer of Dol Guldur
Sauron concealed himself in the south of Mirkwood as the Necromancer, in the stronghold of Dol Guldur, "Hill of Sorcery". The Valar sent five Maiar as Wizards to oppose the darkness, believing the Necromancer to be a Nazgûl rather than Sauron himself. The chief of the Nazgûl, the Witch-king of Angmar, repeatedly attacked the northern realm of Arnor, destroying it. When attacked by Gondor, the Witch-king retreated to Mordor, gathering the Nazgûl there. The Nazgûl captured Minas Ithil, which was renamed Minas Morgul, and seized its palantír, one of the seven seeing stones brought from Númenor. The White Council of Wizards discovered Sauron in Dol Guldur, and drove him from Mirkwood; he returned to Mordor, openly declared himself, rebuilt Barad-dûr, and bred armies of specially large Orcs - the Uruks.
The War of the Ring
In 3017, Gandalf identified Bilbo's Ring, now passed down to Bilbo's cousin Frodo, as Sauron's One Ring. He tasked Frodo and his friend Sam Gamgee with taking the Ring to Rivendell. Soon afterward, however, Gandalf discovered Saruman's treachery. Sauron sent the Nazgûl to the Shire; they pursued Frodo, who escaped to Rivendell. There, Elrond convened a council. It determined that the Ring should be destroyed in Mount Doom, and formed the Fellowship of the Ring to achieve this. Saruman attempted to capture the Ring, but his army was destroyed and his stronghold at Isengard was overthrown. The palantír of Orthanc fell into the hands of the Fellowship; Aragorn, Isildur's descendant and heir to the throne of Gondor, used it to show himself to Sauron as if he held the Ring. Sauron, troubled by this revelation, attacked Minas Tirith sooner than he had planned. His army was destroyed at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Meanwhile, Frodo and Sam entered Mordor through the pass of Cirith Ungol. Aragorn diverted Sauron's attention with an attack on the Black Gate of Mordor. Frodo and Sam reached Mount Doom, but at the last minute Frodo was entranced by the Ring and claimed it for himself. Gollum then seized the Ring and fell into the Cracks of Doom, destroying the Ring and himself. Thus Sauron was utterly defeated, and vanished from Middle-earth. Tolkien describes Sauron's destruction:
Appearance
Physical body
Tolkien never described Sauron's appearance in detail, though he painted a watercolour illustration of him. Sarah Crown, in The Guardian, wrote that "we're never ushered into his presence; we don't hear him speak. All we see is his influence". She called it "a bold move, to leave the book's central evil so undefined – an edgeless darkness given shape only through the actions of its subordinates", with the result that he becomes "truly unforgettable ... vaster, bolder and more terrifying through his absence than he could ever have been through his presence".
He was initially able to change his appearance at will, but when he became Morgoth's servant, he took a sinister shape. In the First Age, the outlaw Gorlim was ensnared and brought into "the dreadful presence of Sauron", who had daunting eyes. In the battle with Huan, the hound of Valinor, Sauron took the form of a werewolf. Then he assumed a serpent-like form, and finally changed back "from monster to his own accustomed [human-like] form". He took on a beautiful appearance at the end of the First Age to charm Eönwë, near the beginning of the Second Age when appearing as Annatar to the Elves, and again near the end of the Second Age to corrupt the men of Númenor. He appeared then "as a man, or one in man's shape, but greater than any even of the race of Númenor in stature ... And it seemed to men that Sauron was great, though they feared the light of his eyes. To many he appeared fair, to others terrible; but to some evil." After the destruction of his fair form in the fall of Númenor, Sauron always took the shape of a terrible dark lord. His first incarnation after the Downfall of Númenor was hideous, "an image of malice and hatred made visible". Isildur recorded that Sauron's hand "was black, and yet burned like fire".
Eye of Sauron
Throughout The Lord of the Rings, "the Eye" (known by other names, including the Red Eye, the Evil Eye, the Lidless Eye, the Great Eye) is the image most often associated with Sauron. Sauron's Orcs bore the symbol of the Eye on their helmets and shields, and referred to him as the "Eye" because he did not allow his name to be written or spoken, according to Aragorn. The Lord of the Nazgûl threatened Éowyn with torture before the "Lidless Eye" at the Battle of the Pelennor Fields. Frodo had a vision of the Eye in the Mirror of Galadriel:
Later, Tolkien writes as if Frodo and Sam really glimpse the Eye directly. The mists surrounding Barad-dûr are briefly withdrawn, and:
This raises the question of whether an "Eye" was Sauron's actual manifestation, or whether he had a body beyond the Eye. Gollum (who was tortured by Sauron in person) tells Frodo that Sauron has, at least, a "Black Hand" with four fingers. The missing finger was cut off when Isildur took the Ring, and the finger was still missing when Sauron reappeared centuries later. Tolkien writes in The Silmarillion that "the Eye of Sauron the Terrible few could endure" even before his body was lost in the War of the Last Alliance. In the draft text of the climactic moments of The Lord of the Rings, "the Eye" stands for Sauron's very person, with emotions and thoughts:
Christopher Tolkien comments: "The passage is notable in showing the degree to which my father had come to identify the Eye of Barad-dûr with the mind and will of Sauron, so that he could speak of 'its wrath, its fear, its thought'. In the second text ... he shifted from 'its' to 'his' as he wrote out the passage anew."
Concept and creation
Since the earliest versions of The Silmarillion legendarium as detailed in the History of Middle-earth series, Sauron underwent many changes. The prototype or precursor Sauron-figure was a giant monstrous cat, the Prince of Cats. Called Tevildo, Tifil and Tiberth among other names, this character played the role later taken by Sauron in the earliest version of the story of Beren and Tinúviel in The Book of Lost Tales in 1917. The Prince of Cats was later replaced by Thû, the Necromancer. The name was then changed to Gorthû, Sûr, and finally to Sauron. Gorthû, in the form Gorthaur, remained in The Silmarillion; both Thû and Sauron name the character in the 1925 Lay of Leithian.
The story of Beren and Lúthien also features the heroic hound Huan and involved the subtext of cats versus dogs in its earliest form. Later the cats were changed to wolves or werewolves, with the Sauron-figure becoming the Lord of Werewolves.
Before the publication in 1977 of The Silmarillion, Sauron's origins and true identity were unclear to those without access to Tolkien's notes. In 1968, the poet W. H. Auden conjectured that Sauron might have been one of the Valar.
Interpretations
Wholly evil will
Tolkien stated in his Letters that although he did not think "Absolute Evil" could exist as it would be "Zero", "in my story Sauron represents as near an approach to the wholly evil will as is possible." He explained that, like "all tyrants", Sauron had started out with good intentions but was corrupted by power, and that he "went further than human tyrants in pride and the lust for domination", being in origin an immortal (angelic) spirit. He began as Morgoth's servant; became his representative, in his absence in the Second Age; and at the end of the Third Age actually claimed to be 'Morgoth returned.
Classically reptilian
The classicist J. K. Newman comments that "Sauron's Greek name" makes him "the Lizard", , and that in turn places Frodo (whose quest destroys Sauron) as "a version of Praxiteles' Apollo Sauroktonos", Apollo the Lizard-killer.
Destructive Dracula-figure
Gwenyth Hood, writing in Mythlore, compares Sauron to Count Dracula from Bram Stoker's 1897 novel Dracula. In her view, both of these monstrous antagonists seek to destroy, are linked to powers of darkness, are parasitical on created life, and are undead. Both control others psychologically and have "hypnotic eyes". Control by either of them represents "high spiritual terror" as it is a sort of "damnation-on-earth".
Celtic Balor of the Evil Eye
Edward Lense, also writing in Mythlore, identifies a figure from Celtic mythology, Balor of the Evil Eye, as a possible source for the Eye of Sauron. Balor's evil eye, in the middle of his forehead, was able to overcome a whole army. He was king of the evil Fomoire, who like Sauron were evil spirits in hideously ugly bodies. Lense further compares Mordor to "a Celtic hell", just as the Undying Lands of Aman resemble the Celtic Earthly Paradise of Tír na nÓg in the furthest (Atlantic) West; and Balor "ruled the dead from a tower of glass".
Antagonist
The Tolkien scholar Verlyn Flieger writes that if there was an opposite to Sauron in The Lord of the Rings, it would not be Aragorn, his political opponent, nor Gandalf, his spiritual enemy, but Tom Bombadil, the earthly Master who is entirely free of the desire to dominate and hence cannot be dominated.
Adaptations
Film
In film versions of The Lord of the Rings, Sauron has been left off-screen as "an invisible and unvisualizable antagonist" as in Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated version, or as a disembodied Eye, as in Rankin/Bass' 1980 animated adaptation of The Return of the King.
In the 2001–2003 film trilogy directed by Peter Jackson, Sauron is voiced by Alan Howard. He is briefly shown as a large humanoid figure clad in spiky black armour, portrayed by Sala Baker, but appears only as the disembodied Eye throughout the rest of the storyline. In earlier versions of Jackson's script, Sauron does battle with Aragorn, as shown in the extended DVD version of The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King. The scene was removed as too large a departure from Tolkien's text and was replaced with Aragorn fighting a troll. Sauron appears as the Necromancer in Jackson's The Hobbit film adaptations, where he is voiced by Benedict Cumberbatch.
Sauron appears in the form of his eye in The Lego Batman Movie voiced by Jemaine Clement. He is one of the many pre-existing villains the Joker frees from the Phantom Zone to run amok in Gotham City.
Television
Sauron's rise to power in the Second Age is portrayed in the Amazon Prime prequel series The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power. He appears disguised as the non-canonical character Halbrand, played by Charlie Vickers.
Video games
Sauron appears in the merchandise of the Jackson films, including computer and video games. These include The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II (where he was voiced by Fred Tatasciore), The Lord of the Rings: Tactics, and The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age. In the Lord of the Rings Online game, he is featured as an enemy.
In culture
The Eye of Sauron is mentioned in The Stand, a post-apocalyptic novel written by Stephen King. The villain Randall Flagg possesses an astral body in the form of an "Eye" akin to the Lidless Eye. The novel itself was conceived by King as a "fantasy epic like The Lord of the Rings, only with an American setting". The idea of Sauron as a sleepless eye that watches and seeks the protagonists also influenced King's epic fantasy series The Dark Tower; its villain, the Crimson King, is a similarly disembodied evil presence whose icon is also an eye.
In the Marvel Comics Universe, the supervillain Sauron, an enemy of the X-Men, names himself after the Tolkien character. In the comic series Fables, by Bill Willingham, one character is called "The Adversary", an ambiguous figure of immense evil and power believed to be responsible for much of the misfortune in the Fables' overall history. Willingham has stated "The Adversary", in name and in character, was inspired by Sauron.
Notes
References
Primary
Secondary
Sources
Characters in The Silmarillion
Middle-earth rulers
Male characters in literature
Video game bosses
de:Figuren in Tolkiens Welt#Sauron
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabio%20Pereira
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Fabio Pereira
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Fabio Veras Villas Boas Pereira (born 19 October 1991) is a retired Brazilian footballer who last played for the Seattle Sounders FC of Major League Soccer.
Career
Youth and college
Pereira was a four-year starter in for the University of Michigan where he scored 12 times in 78 appearances for the Wolverines.
Professional
Pereira was the very final pick of the 2014 MLS SuperDraft, being drafted in the fourth round and 77th overall by the Seattle Sounders FC. Pereira signed on a contract with Seattle in February 2014. On June 18, 2014, Pereira made his lone appearance with the Sounders, coming on for the final 23 minutes in a 5-0 win over PSA Elite in the fourth round proper of the U.S. Open Cup.
He was waived at the end of the 2014 season. He subsequently signed with Uberlândia of the Série D in his native Brazil.
References
External links
Fabio Pereira Michigan Profile
1991 births
Living people
Brazilian men's footballers
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Detroit City FC players
Seattle Sounders FC players
Michigan Wolverines men's soccer players
Uberlândia Esporte Clube players
National Premier Soccer League players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série D players
Seattle Sounders FC draft picks
Men's association football midfielders
Footballers from São Paulo
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrey%20Strokin
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Andrey Strokin
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Andrey Strokin is a paralympic swimmer from Russia competing mainly in category S13 events.
Career
Andrey has competed in three Paralympics in 2000, 2004 and 2008 winning multiple medals each time. In 2000 he finished in fourth in the freestyle and set a games record in winning the freestyle and a world record in winning the freestyle. In the 2004 games he finished third in the 100m butterfly, won the 100m breaststroke in a dead heat and sop sharing the medal with Germany's Daniel Clausner, he also retained the gold in the 50m freestyle and 100m freestyle where he broke the games record. At the 2008 games he finished seventh in the 100m freestyle and won bronze in both the 100m butterfly and 50m freestyle where he swam quicker than the games record had been before the heats.
References
External links
Paralympic swimmers for Russia
Swimmers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Russia
Paralympic bronze medalists for Russia
Russian male butterfly swimmers
Living people
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
S13-classified para swimmers
Year of birth missing (living people)
Paralympic medalists in swimming
Russian male freestyle swimmers
20th-century Russian people
21st-century Russian people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metaxanthia
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Metaxanthia
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Metaxanthia is a genus of moths in the family Erebidae. The genus was erected by Herbert Druce in 1899.
Species
Metaxanthia atribasis
Metaxanthia threnodes
Metaxanthia vespiformis
References
External links
Phaegopterina
Moth genera
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jordy%20Polanco
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Jordy Polanco
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Jordy Leonel Polanco (born 8 July 1996), sometimes referred to as Chaparrito, is a Belizean international footballer who plays as a midfielder for Premier League of Belize side Belmopan Bandits.
International career
Polanco made his international debut in a 1–1 away draw with the Cayman Islands in 2015. He replaced Elroy Kuylen in the 94th minute.
Career statistics
International
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
Belizean men's footballers
Belize men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Belmopan Bandits players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20Komi-Permyak%20Okrug
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Flag of Komi-Permyak Okrug
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The flag of Komi-Permyak Okrug, a federal subject of the Russian Federation, is a horizontal tricolor of red, white, and blue. In the center of the white stripe there is a red bear, and in the center of the red stripe a perna emblem in white. The perna is the cultural symbol of the Komi-Permyak people.
The proportions of the flag are 2:3. It was adopted on October 14, 2007, 2 years after the Komi-Permyak Okrug was formed following the merging of Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug and Perm Oblast on December 1, 2005.
Flag of Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug
The Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug adopted its first flag on February 12, 1996. It was a horizontal tricolor of red, white and blue, with a red perna symbol in the center of the white stripe. The proportions of the flag were originally 2:3, but it was changed to 1:2 on June 27, 1997.
References
Flag
Flags of the federal subjects of Russia
Komi
Flags displaying animals
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Edgard Pereira
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Edgar "Vovô" Pereira (born May 13, 1982), also known as "Edgar Vovô" is a Brazilian professional skateboarder.
Early life
Pereira was introduced to skateboarding while working as a motorcycle courier in São Bernardo do Campo in 1998. Initially focused on street style riding, Edgard was introduced to mini-ramp skateboarding in 1999 by "the crowd", a group of skateboarders in the Jordanopolis neighborhood. Transition style skateboarding quickly became Pereira's passion, and he began competing in Vert skateboarding contests in Brazil.
Career
Pereira is most known for his competition in Mega Ramp contests. In 2010, he was invited to his first X Games and finished 6th. In the following year, he finished in 3rd place at X Games Big Air, solidifying his place as a top rider. During the next years he was invited to participate at X Games around the world and was always a top finisher. In 2014, Vovo achieved 3rd place finishes in both the Brazilian Skate Circuit Vertical and X Games Austin Big Air where his run consisted of a backflip and a huge backside 540 heelflip flip, a never before seen trick.
Contest history
2002: 1st in Skate Vertical Amador
2003: 1st in Skate Vertical Amador
2005: 4th in X Games Brasil, Vertical
2006: 5th in Rio Vert Jam, Vertical
2007: 6th in Rio Vert Jam, Vertical
2008: 8th in OI Vert Jam, Vertical
2008: 9th in X Games, Big Air
2009: 5th in X Games, Big Air
2010: 2nd in Circuito Brasileio de Skate, Vertical
2010: 6th in X Games, Big Air
2011: 3rd in X Games, Big Air
2012: 4th in Circuito Brasileio de Skate, Vertical
2012: 8th in X Games Los Angeles, Big Air
2013: 6th in Copa Brasil de Skate, Vertical
2013: 5th in X Games Foz do Iguaçu, Big Air
2013: 7th in X Games Barcelona, Big Air
2013: 6th in X Games Munich, Big Air
2013: 5th in X Games Los Angeles, Big Air
2014: 3rd in Brazilian Skate Circuit, Vertical
2014: 3rd in X Games Austin, Big Air
2015: 7th in X Games Austin, Big Air
References
Brazilian skateboarders
1982 births
Living people
X Games athletes
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Gillette Syndrome
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Gillette Syndrome is the social disruption that can occur in a community due to rapid population growth. Such disruptions usually include increased crime, degraded mental health, weakened social and community bonds, abnormally high costs of living, and other social problems.
Gillette Syndrome is most relevant to boomtowns that are growing rapidly due to nearby natural resource extraction, such as coal mining or natural gas drilling.
Psychologist ElDean Kohrs coined the term "Gillette Syndrome" in an attempt to describe the social impacts of rapid coal mining development on the boomtown of Gillette, Wyoming.
History
The first use of the term is thought to be in a 1973 article titled "Social Consequences of Technological Change and Energy Development" by ElDean Kohrs in the magazine The Wyoming Human Resources Confederation Insight. It was popularized by the media in Kohrs' 1974 conference paper "Social Consequences of Boom Growth in Wyoming" at the Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain American Association for the Advancement of Science.
References
Human settlement
Urban economics
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Soaindrana
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Soaindrana is a town and commune in Madagascar. It belongs to the district of Fianarantsoaii, which is a part of Haute Matsiatra Region. The population of the commune was estimated to be approximately 8,000 in 2001 commune census.
Only primary schooling is available. The majority 90% of the population of the commune are farmers, while an additional 8% receives their livelihood from raising livestock. The most important crops are rice and cabbage, while other important agricultural products are beans and cassava. Industry and services provide both employment for 1% of the population.
References and notes
Populated places in Haute Matsiatra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wai%20Yuen%20Ting
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Wai Yuen Ting
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Wai Yuen Ting (born 15 October 1992) is a Hong Kong footballer who plays as a midfielder for Thai Women's League 1. club Chonburi FA (Women). She is also a futsal player, and represented Hong Kong internationally in both football and futsal.
Club career
Wai Yuen Ting startup the career at Citizen in Hong Kong since 2015.
In 2020, Wai Yuen Ting played for Albanian football club Vllaznia and get the champion.
In 2023, Wai Yuen Ting played for Thai Women's League 1. football club Chonburi FA.
International career
Wai Yuen Ting has been capped for Hong Kong at senior level in both football and futsal. In football, she represented Hong Kong at two EAFF E-1 Football Championship editions (2017 and 2019), the 2018 AFC Women's Asian Cup qualification, the 2018 Asian Games and the 2020 AFC Women's Olympic Qualifying Tournament.
In futsal, Wai Yuen Ting played for Hong Kong at the 2018 AFC Women's Futsal Championship.
International goals
See also
List of Hong Kong women's international footballers
References
1992 births
Living people
Hong Kong women's futsal players
Hong Kong women's footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Hong Kong women's international footballers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Sunnadin%20%28AT-28%29
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USS Sunnadin (AT-28)
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The first USS Sunnadin (AT-28), a tug, was laid down on 3 December 1918 at the Puget Sound Navy Yard as Katahdin; renamed Sunnadin on 24 February 1919; launched on 28 February 1919; and commissioned on 20 October 1919. It was named for an Anglicized spelling of the Huron Indian town, Sunyendeand.
Sunnadin was assigned to the 14th Naval District and spent almost a quarter of a century in the Hawaiian Islands operating from Pearl Harbor, towing Navy ships and other sea-going craft between ports in the 14th Naval District. During that time, she changed designations twice. On 17 July 1920 when the Navy first adopted alpha-numeric hull designations, she became AT-28.
She was in Pearl Harbor during the Japanese attack there on 7 December 1941. On 15 May 1944, she was redesignated ATO-28. In the fall of 1945, Sunnadin was ordered to report to the Commandant, 12th Naval District, for decommissioning and disposal. Sunnadin was decommissioned on 4 April 1946. Her name was struck from the Navy list on 8 May 1946. On 15 January 1947, she was delivered to the Maritime Commission at Mare Island, California, for disposal.
Honors
Sunnadin earned one battle star during World War II.
References
External links
Photo gallery at navsource.org
Bagaduce-class fleet tugs
Ships built in Bremerton, Washington
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
1919 ships
Ships present during the attack on Pearl Harbor
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilson%20Lake%20%28Iron%20County%2C%20Wisconsin%29
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Wilson Lake (Iron County, Wisconsin)
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Wilson Lake is located in Iron County, outside of Wilson Creek Flowage. It is one of seven lakes in the state with the name Wilson Lake. This particular lake is a popular fishing lake from the town of Mercer. With three bays, it has two islands and water feed and drain in the South Bay of the lake. The public boat landing is in the Main Bay on the west side of the lake. The North Bay has the most marsh vegetation. There are many cabins located on the lake for residents and vacationers to the North Woods.
References
External links
Wisconsin Dept of Natural Resources
Wilson Lake, Iron County map
Link to Wilson Lake maps for Sawyer Cty, Waushara Cty, Wilson Creek Flowage, and Wilson Park Pond (pg 2)
Lakes of Iron County, Wisconsin
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