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57699110
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund%20Str%C3%B8mme
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Sigmund Strømme
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Sigmund Strømme (8 April 1923 – 26 March 2008) was a Norwegian literary scholar and publisher.
Biography
Strømme was born in Vardø in Troms og Finnmark, Norway.
He was born to parish priest Sigvard Arnoldus Strømme and Helga Myhre, and was married to schoolteacher Inger-Johanne Hafsahl Karset. Strømme became cand.philol. in 1949. From 1955 he was assigned with the publishing house J. W. Cappelens Forlag, first as editor, from 1973 to 1987 as managing director (jointly with Jan Wiese, and then as chairman of the board from 1987 to 1997.
Strømme was board member of the Norwegian Publishers' Association, a member of the Norwegian Language Council (Norsk språkråd), board member of The Norwegian Book Club (Den norske Bokklubbenn) and board member of Nationaltheatret.
He received the Ossietzky Award in 2001.
He died in Oslo in 2008.
References
1923 births
2008 deaths
People from Vardø
Norwegian publishers (people)
Norwegian literary historians
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysapsus%20caraya
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Lysapsus caraya
|
Lysapsus caraya is a species of frog in the family Hylidae found in central and southern Brazil. Its common name is Mato Verde harlequin frog.
Lysapsus caraya is an aquatic frog of open flooded savanna. It also occurs on floating meadows of large rivers. It breeds in the associated waterways. Where it occurs it is common, and no threats are known.
References
Lysapsus
Amphibians of Brazil
Endemic fauna of Brazil
Amphibians described in 1964
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk%20M%C3%BCller%20%28stock%20trader%29
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Dirk Müller (stock trader)
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Dirk Müller (born 25 October 1968) is a German stock trader, fund manager and author. He is internationally known as Mr. DAX and Dirk of the DAX, because his workplace was located right under the display of the DAX at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange. Journalists have used his facial expressions to depict the state of the market. In 2015, he founded a stock fund, Dirk Müller Premium Aktien.
Life
Born in Frankfurt, Müller grew up in Reilingen, Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, where he still lives. He passed the Abitur at the Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Gymnasium in Hockenheim, and then began training as a bank teller and financial assistant at Deutsche Bank in Mannheim.
In 1993, Müller passed the Börsenhändlerprüfung exam. He then worked until 1997 as a broker for Finacor-Rabe & Partner, then for a year for Cantor Fitzgerald International, and from 1998 to 2008 as official stock trader at the Frankfurt Stock Exchange for ICF AG.
In 2008, Müller moved to the company Wertpapierhandelsbank mwb fairtrade AG, where he worked until 2010. Since 2009, he has been the owner and managing director of Finanzethos GmbH, a company running the cashkurs.com website.
Müller published his first book, Crashkurs, in 2009, written in response to the financial crisis of 2007–2008. The successful publication made him well-known. His second book, Cashkurs, was published in 2011 and soon became a bestseller, number 1 on the list of Der Spiegel.
Müller was one of eight experts in a committee meeting of the German parliament Deutscher Bundestag on 27 June 2011, aiming at preventing speculation with agricultural raw materials ("Spekulation mit agrarischen Rohstoffen verhindern").
On 17 April 2015, Müller began his own stock fund, Dirk Müller Premium Aktien. While the fund lost 7% over the first year, it fared better than the DAX during the same time, which lost 16%. However, as of end of May 2021, the fund has lost 8.8% since inception, while the DAX index has gained 28.9%, resulting in an underperformance of 37.7% in seven years.
Müller is married, and the couple has a son.
Publications
Print media
Audio media
Crashkurs. , Berlin, 2009, . (3 CDs, 229 min.)
References
External links
Dirk Müller Premium Aktien Fond
Interview Aktienkultur – Das Magazin der BVH-Börsenvereine January 2008
German stock traders
Businesspeople from Frankfurt
German economists
1968 births
Living people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagh%20Konar
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Bagh Konar
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Bagh Konar (, also Romanized as Bāgh Konār, Bāgh-e Kanār, Bāgh-e Kenār, Bāgh-i-Kanār, and Bagh Kenar) is a village in Dehsard Rural District, in the Central District of Arzuiyeh County, Kerman Province, Iran. In the 2006 census, its population was 40, and 10 families.
References
Populated places in Arzuiyeh County
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night%20parrot
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Night parrot
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The night parrot (Pezoporus occidentalis) is a small parrot endemic to the continent of Australia. It has also been known as porcupine parrot, nocturnal ground parakeet, midnight cockatoo, solitaire, spinifex parrot and night parakeet. It is one of the most elusive and mysterious birds in the world, with no confirmed sightings of the bird between 1912 and 1979, leading to speculation that it was extinct. Sightings since 1979 have been extremely rare and the bird's population size is unknown, though based on the paucity of records it is thought to number between 50 and 249 mature individuals, and it is classified by the IUCN as an endangered species.
A few sightings or recordings of its presence, with varying degrees of certainty, have occurred in the Pilbara region of Western Australia, south-western Queensland, the Lake Eyre basin in South Australia and the Northern Territory. However, some of the evidence produced by wildlife photographer John Young has been called into question, and in March 2019 the Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC) retracted some of the records created by Young and published by the AWC.
Taxonomy
Ornithologist John Gould described the night parrot in 1861, from a specimen—the holotype—that was collected 13 km southeast of Mt Farmer, west of Lake Austin in Western Australia. Its specific epithet is Latin occidentalis "western". The species was originally placed within its own genus (Geopsittacus) by Gould, though consensus soon swung in favour of placing it in Pezoporus; James Murie dissected a specimen, observing that it was very similar in anatomy and plumage to the ground parrot. Gould had posited a relationship to the kākāpō based on similarity of the plumage, however Murie concluded they were markedly different anatomically. Despite its close relationship with the ground parrot, its placement in the genus Pezoporus was uncertain, with some authorities leaving it in its own genus, as data on the night parrot was so limited. A 1994 molecular study using the cytochrome b of several parrot species confirmed the close relationship of the taxa and consensus for its placement in Pezoporus. It also revealed that the kākāpō was not closely related to Pezoporus. Analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences in a 2011 study showed that the night parrot most likely diverged from the ancestor of the eastern and western ground parrots around 3.3 million years ago.
Alternative common names include porcupine parrot, nocturnal ground parakeet, midnight cockatoo, solitaire, spinifex parrot and night parakeet.
Description
A relatively small and short-tailed parrot, the species' colour is predominantly a yellowish green, mottled with dark brown, blacks and yellows. Both sexes have this coloration. It is distinguished from the two superficially similar ground parrot species by its shorter tail and different range and habitat. Predominantly terrestrial, taking to the air only when panicked or in search of water, the night parrot has furtive, nocturnal habits and—even when it was abundant—was apparently a highly secretive species. Its natural habitat appears to be the spinifex grass which still dominates much of the dry, dusty Australian interior; other early reports also indicate that it never strayed far from water. It may also inhabit chenopod shrublands, eucalyptus woodlands, and mallee shrublands. One of the vocalisations of the night parrot has been described as a croak and identified as a contact call. Other calls, mostly short "ding-ding" whistles, and a more drawn out whistle, have been recorded from Queensland and Western Australia.
Diet
Historic sources indicate that the night parrot eats seeds of grasses (especially Triodia) and herbs.
Conservation status
The population size of this species is not known, but assumed to be continuing to decline. , it is listed on the IUCN Red List as Critically endangered. According to the IUCN Red List the night parrot has a population of 40–500, or possibly larger. It is listed as Endangered under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 by the Australian government.
Important Bird Areas
Sites identified by BirdLife International as being important for night parrot conservation are the Diamantina and Astrebla Grasslands of western Queensland, and the Fortescue Marshes of the Pilbara.
Sightings
The night parrot remains one of the world's most elusive and mysterious birds. Reliable records of the bird have been few and far between, with efforts to locate the species proving fruitless after an authenticated report from 1912.
In 1979, ornithologist Shane Parker from the South Australian Museum spotted an apparent flock of the birds in the far north of South Australia. A roadkill specimen was discovered in 1990 by scientists returning from an expedition in a remote part of Queensland.
21st-century sightings
April 2005: Minga Well sighting
Three individuals seen near Minga Well, Pilbara region of Western Australia and near the Fortescue Marshes.
The approval of the Cloud Break mine project through the then-Minister for the Environment, Ian Campbell, was criticised because of a number of endangered species in the area of the future mine, among them the night parrot. In order to gain EPA approval, the mine had to implement a management plan to ensure that mining activities would not have a negative effect on the species survival in the area. The occurrence of the night parrot in the future mining area, at Minga Well on 12 April 2005, was discovered during a 2005 survey commissioned by FMG, which was carried out by two contract biologists, Robert Davis and Brendan Metcalf, who sighted a small group of the birds. Unconfirmed sightings of the bird had been made previously in a nearby area in 2004.
The sighting was at dusk, and Davis and Metcalf were not able to obtain a photograph of the three birds they saw, but are confident that they spotted three night parrots. The detailed descriptions of their sighting were accepted by the Birds Australia Rarities Committee (BARC), making it the first accepted night parrot sighting in modern times. Based on this acceptance by scientific peers, a paper describing the sighting was published in the Australian ornithological journal, Emu, in 2008. The two biologists carried out further searches at Minga Well and Moojari Well the following five nights after the sighting, but were unable to see the birds again. A follow-up survey of the Fortescue Marsh area in May 2005 was unsuccessful in finding any conclusive evidence of the species.
September 2006: Dead individual
Dead female, flown into a barbed wire fence in Diamantina National Park in south western Queensland.
April 2015: Live individual capture
On 4 April 2015, ornithologist Steve Murphy and partner Rachel Barr captured and radio tagged a live individual, whom they nicknamed "Pedro", in southwestern Queensland. Photographs of the bird in Murphy's hand were released to Australian media on 10 August 2015, while keeping the precise location secret. A conservation reserve covering some 56,000 hectares has been created in the area to protect the species.
Sean Dooley of Birdlife: The Magazine described the find as, "The bird watching equivalent of finding Elvis flipping burgers in an outback roadhouse". South Australian Museum collection manager Philippa Horton called the find, "One of the holy grails, one of the world's rarest species probably".
2016 – 2021
2016: Nicholas Leseberg, PhD student at the University of Queensland, photographed a fledgling in 2016 in the Pullen Pullen Reserve in Western Queensland.
January 2017: Whistle call attributed to night parrot recorded in southern Northern Territory by zoologist Chris Watson and colleague Mark Carter.
March 2017: Photograph of a living specimen in Western Australia, seen by four birders from Broome.
February 2018: Image of a young bird, aged 3 to 5 months old, is recorded by Nicholas Leseberg, in Pullen Pullen Reserve.
June 2017 – April 2018: Targeted environmental survey confirms the presence of night parrots around Kumpupintil Lake in Western Australia.
November 2018: Second known photo captured in the Great Sandy Desert in the Kimberley region of Western Australia by Indigenous rangers, the Indigenous Desert Lions.
August 2020: Indigenous rangers of the Martu people and University of Queensland record night parrot sounds in the Pilbara desert, around salt lakes - the fifth confirmed location in Western Australia.
August 2021: The Martu Rangers capture the fourth confirmed photograph of the parrot in flight in a remote region of Western Australia.
2013, 2016, 2017: Retracted records
In May 2013 naturalist and wildlife cinematographer John Young, who made headlines in 2006 with an allegedly fake photo series of the blue-browed fig parrot, claimed to have made the first ever photographs and video footage of a living specimen. Young said that he had captured the images and 17-second video after seventeen thousand hours in the field over 15 years of searching. He revealed his results during an invitation-only press conference on 3 July 2013, but kept the exact range in Queensland where he had observed this individual secret to protect this species from poaching. Young provided five feathers from a roost site in the Lake Eyre basin to the Western Australian Museum's Molecular Systematics Unit, where DNA analysis conclusively matched the feathers to DNA samples of dead Pezoporus occidentalis birds.
2016: Young announces he has found night parrots in Diamantina National Park, adjacent to the Pullen Pullen nature reserve. Seven sightings are recorded, including a pair and three active nests with eggs.
September 2016: Camera trap records what appears to be a night parrot on property owned by the AWC, Kalamurina Station in the northern Lake Eyre region, SA, but the photo is not clear.
July 2017: Single night parrot feather found in a finch nest on the Kalamurina property, by John Young and Keith Bellchambers from the Australian Wildlife Conservancy.
September 2018: Recording of a night parrot call, downloaded from an acoustic monitor at Kalamurina.
In October 2018, Australian Wildlife Conservancy (AWC) commenced an investigation into claims that some of John Young's first photographs of the night parrot may have been staged, after Australian National University ornithologist Penelope Olsen, author of Night Parrot: Australia's Most Elusive Bird raised concerns. Young resigned from the AWC in September 2018, and the AWC removed all information about the night parrot from its website.
In March 2019, Young's reports were found to have issues relating to robustness of much of his work done in Queensland and South Australia, labelled as unscientific, deceptive and damaging to the AWC. In 2019, the AWC retracted its reports based on work done by Young. A panel of experts had looked at the nest and eggs found at Diamantina (2016); the feather found at Kalamurina (2017); and the recording of the call (2018). They found that each one had separate issues and none could be said to provide robust evidence of the parrot's presence.
References
Further reading
Weidensaul, S. (2002). The Ghost with Trembling Wings: Science, Wishful Thinking, and the Search for Lost Species, North Point Press (New York), , pp. 75–81.
External links
Night Parrot Recovery Team - Night Parrot Recovery Team
Night Parrot – Australian Museum
Night Parrot Internet Bird Collection
Night Parrot. Parrot Encyclopedia, World Parrot Trust
Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis. BirdLife Species Factsheet, BirdLife International
night parrot
Endangered fauna of Australia
Nature Conservation Act endangered biota
Endemic birds of Australia
night parrot
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cam%20Westhead
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Cam Westhead
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Warren Cameron Westhead (born 1977) is a Canadian former politician and operating room nurse who served one term in the Legislative Assembly of Alberta, representing the electoral district of Banff-Cochrane. He was elected as the 2nd Vice-President of United Nurses of Alberta in October, 2019, where he currently serves.
Electoral history
2019 general election
2015 general election
References
Alberta New Democratic Party MLAs
Canadian nurses
Living people
Nipissing University alumni
People from Oshawa
University of Toronto alumni
21st-century Canadian politicians
Male nurses
1977 births
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95880
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Colorado%20River%20Authority
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Lower Colorado River Authority
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The Lower Colorado River Authority (LCRA) is a nonprofit public utility created in November 1934 by the Texas Legislature. LCRA's mission is to enhance the lives of the Texans it serves through water stewardship, energy and community service. LCRA provides public power, manages the lower Colorado River, builds and operates transmission lines, owns public parks, and offers community services.
LCRA does not receive state appropriations or have the ability to levy taxes. Instead, LCRA is funded by revenue it generates, the vast majority of which comes from producing and transmitting electricity. A very small portion of LCRA's revenue comes from selling water.
Power generation portfolio
Coal
The Fayette Power Project is a three-unit coal-fired power plant in Fayette County that provides 1,625 megawatts (MW). (Austin Energy co-owns two of the units and the power they produce.) Lake Fayette is the cooling pond for the project. LCRA uses coal from the Powder River Basin in Wyoming as fuel.
Natural gas
The Sim Gideon Power Plant is a three-unit natural gas-fired plant in Bastrop County that provides 608 megawatts. The Lost Pines 1 Power Project (owned and operated by GenTex Power Corporation, an LCRA affiliate) is a natural gas-fired combined-cycle plant adjacent to the Sim Gideon plant, and the two form the Lost Pines Power Park. The Lost Pines 1 Power Project can generate up to 511 megawatts. Lake Bastrop is the cooling pond for the Lost Pines Power Park.
LCRA broke ground on a new Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant in April 2012, about 100 yards from the site of the original Ferguson plant on Lake LBJ. The plant began operating in 2014. The old plant was decommissioned. The Ferguson facility is a natural gas-fired, combined cycle plant in Horseshoe Bay capable of producing 540 megawatts. Ferguson is among the most environmentally responsible power plants in Texas, producing 30 to 40 percent fewer emissions per unit of power that the unit it replaced. It uses about 35 percent less fuel per megawatt-hour and about one-third of the water used at a typical steam plant per unit of power.
The Winchester Power Park in Fayette County provides about 176 megawatts for use primarily during peak-demand periods.
The LCRA buys natural gas on the open market and stores it at the Hilbig Gas Storage Facility, an underground reservoir near Rockne, Texas. The facility can hold up to 4 billion cubic feet of natural gas.
Hydroelectric
LCRA operates six hydroelectric dams along the Colorado River in Central Texas that provide a source of renewable energy and form six lakes collectively known as the Texas Highland Lakes:
Buchanan Dam (54.9 MW) - forms Lake Buchanan
Inks Dam (13.8 MW) - forms Inks Lake
Wirtz Dam (60 MW) - forms Lake LBJ, which also serves as a cooling pond for the Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant
Max Starcke Dam (41.4 MW) - forms Lake Marble Falls
Mansfield Dam (108 MW) - forms Lake Travis
Tom Miller Dam (17 MW) - forms Lake Austin
In keeping with its state-approved Water Management Plan, LCRA generates electricity from the dams only as it releases water for other reasons, or when ordered to do so by the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT).
Wind
LCRA purchases 51 megawatts of wind power capacity from the Indian Mesa Wind Energy Center in West Texas and 200 megawatts from the Papalote Creek II Wind Farm near the Texas Gulf Coast.
Transmission
LCRA distributes electricity to its wholesale electric customers - mostly municipal utilities and electric cooperatives - and supports the statewide electric transmission network through more than 5,100 miles of transmission lines and more than 380 substations, which are owned by LCRA Transmission Services Corporation, a nonprofit corporation owned by LCRA.
Water
LCRA manages the Highland Lakes and the lower Colorado River, a 600 mi stretch of the Texas Colorado River, as a system to supply water for more than 1 million people as well as businesses, industries, the environment and agriculture in the lower Colorado River basin.
LCRA has the rights to more than 2.1 million acre-feet of water per year based mostly on surface water permits issued by the state of Texas.
Parks and community services
LCRA owns more than 40 public parks, recreation areas and river access sites along the Highland Lakes and lower Colorado River. LCRA's McKinney Roughs and Matagorda Bay nature parks have natural science centers that offer outdoor educational and recreational programs for youths and adults.
LCRA offers a wide range of conservation programs for water users within its river basin. It also operates an environmental laboratory, monitors the water quality of the lower Colorado River, and regulates on-site sewage systems to limit pollution and help protect the health of those enjoying the Highland Lakes.
LCRA's community services programs include the Community Development Partnership Program, which has awarded almost $42 million in matching grants for 1,491 community development projects since 1995.
History
In November 1934, the Texas Legislature authorized the formation of the Lower Colorado River Authority to complete Buchanan Dam, where construction had been idled in 1932 following the financial collapse and bankruptcy of the Samuel Insull-controlled public utility holding company. LCRA began operations in February 1935.
LCRA completed Buchanan Dam and a companion project, Inks Dam, in 1938—the first of six dams that form the reservoirs known as the Highland Lakes. LCRA completed the chain of lakes and dams in 1951. LCRA manages the chain to protect basin residents from the worst effects of Hill Country floods and provide the lower Colorado River basin with a reliable water supply.
With the encouragement of congressman, Lyndon B. Johnson, LCRA used the hydroelectric power from its dams in 1936 to launch a public power program that served communities and electric cooperatives in Central and South Texas.
For nearly three decades, hydroelectric generation was LCRA's primary power source. Growing demand for electricity led LCRA to build natural gas and coal-fired power plants. LCRA added to its generation portfolio with the Sim Gideon Power Plant and original Thomas C. Ferguson Power Plant in the 1960s and 1970s, the Fayette Power Project in the 1970s and 1980s, the Lost Pines 1 Power Project in 2001 and the Winchester Power Project in 2010.
In 1995, LCRA became the first electric utility in Texas to provide wind-generated electricity to its customers from the Texas Wind Power Project, the first such project in the state. LCRA continues to evaluate additional renewable energy options that complement its existing generation portfolio.
LCRA's water and community services operations have grown through the years. LCRA began programs in the 1970s and 1980s to control water pollution and monitor water quality. It expanded its parks operations beginning in the 1990s to increase public access to the Highland Lakes and lower Colorado River. LCRA also worked with communities in its service area on projects designed to boost communities' economic development and improve their local quality of life.
See also
Upper Colorado River Authority
List of Texas river authorities
References
External links
LCRA parks web site
LCRA Corporate Archives' photostream
Colorado River (Texas)
River authorities of Texas
State agencies of Texas
Companies based in Austin, Texas
Public utilities established in 1933
Water companies of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Brooke%20%28antiquary%29
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Richard Brooke (antiquary)
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Richard Brooke (1791–1861), was an English antiquary.
Biography
Brooke was born in Liverpool in 1791. His father, also named Richard, was a Cheshire man, who settled in Liverpool early in life, and died there on 15 June
1852, at the age of 91. Brooke practised as a solicitor in Liverpool.
Brooke devoted his leisure time to investigations into the history and antiquities of his county, and into certain branches of natural history. He began this pursuit at a comparatively early age, during visits to his brother, Peter, who resided near Stoke Field. He particularly focused on exploring fields of battle in England, especially those which were the scenes of conflict between the rival houses of York and Lancaster. Brooke's primary research goal was to compare the statements of the historians with such relics as had survived and with the traditions of the neighbourhoods where the respective battles had been fought.
Brookes died in Liverpool on 14 June 1861.
Publications
In 1825 he published Observations illustrative of the Accounts given by the Ancient Historical Writers of the Battle of Stoke Field, between King Henry the Seventh and John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, in 1487, the last that was fought in the Civil Wars of York and Lancaster; to which are added some interesting particulars of the Illustrious Houses of Plantagenet and Neville (Liverpool, 1825, roy. 8vo).
In later years he carried on his researches, and communicated the result to the Society of Antiquaries, of which he was a member, and to the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society, in papers which were subsequently published in a volume in 1857, entitled Visits to Fields of Battle in England in the Fifteenth Century. To which are added some Miscellaneous Tracts and Papers upon Archæological Subjects (8vo). The battlefields described are Shrewsbury, Blore Heath, Northampton, Wakefield, Mortimer's Cross, Towton, Tewkesbury, Bosworth, Stoke, Evesham, and Barnet.
The additional papers published in that volume are:
On the Use of Firearms by the English in the 15th Century.
The Family of Wyche, or De la Wyche, in Cheshire.
Wilmslow Church in Cheshire.
Handford Hall and Cheadle Church in Cheshire.
The Office of Keeper of the Royal Menagerie in the Reign of Edward IV.
The Period of the Extinction of Wolves in England.
The following, in addition to some of those named above, are printed in the Proceedings of the Liverpool Literary and Philosophical Society:
Upon the extraordinary and abrupt Changes of Fortune of Jasper, earl of Pembroke, vol. x.
Life of Richard Neville, the Great Earl of Warwick and Salisbury, called the King Maker, xii.
Life and Character of Margaret of Anjou, xiii.
Visit to Fotheringay Church and Castle, xiii.
Migration of the Swallow, xiii.
On the Elephants used in War by the Carthaginians, xiv.
On the Common or Fallow Deer of Great Britain, xiv.
In the Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire he published Observations on the Inscription of the Common Seal of Liverpool (i. 76), besides the three Cheshire papers reprinted in the volume of visits.
In 1853, he published Liverpool as it was during the Last Quarter of the Eighteenth Century, 1775 to 1800 (Liverpool, roy. 8vo, pp. 558). Much of the information in it came from Brooke's father.
References
1791 births
1861 deaths
Lawyers from Liverpool
English antiquarians
19th-century English writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality%20of%20Reuss-Greiz
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Principality of Reuss-Greiz
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The Principality of Reuss-Greiz (), officially called the Principality of the Reuss Elder Line () after 1848, was a sovereign state in the German Empire, ruled by members of the House of Reuss. The Counts Reuss of Greiz, Lower-Greiz and Upper-Greiz () were elevated to princely status in 1778 and thereafter bore the title of Prince Reuss, Elder Line, or Prince Reuss of Greiz.
Similarly to the more numerous Reuss Junior Line, the male members of this house were all named "Heinrich", in honour of Emperor Heinrich VI, who had benefited the family. They were numbered sequentially by birth, rather than by reign, with the last series beginning with Heinrich I (born 1693) and ending with Heinrich XXIV (1878–1927).
The territory had an area of 317 km2 and over 72,000 inhabitants in 1910.
RG preserved the Frankfurt Parliament flag, which later became the flag of Germany.
Territory
In 1919, in the aftermath of World War I, the territory of the Elder Line was merged with that of the Junior Line as the People's State of Reuss, which was incorporated into the new state of Thuringia in 1920. The Elder Line died out in 1927 with the death of the childless Heinrich XXIV, after which its claims were passed to the Junior Line.
Princes of Reuss-Greiz (1778–1918)
Princes post-monarchy
Heinrich XXIV, 6th Prince 1918–1927 (1878–1927)
To Reuss Junior Line on the death of Prince Heinrich XXIV
Notable figures
Princess Hermine Reuss of Greiz, second wife of former German Emperor Wilhelm II
Princess Caroline Reuss of Greiz, wife of Wilhelm Ernst, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen, Generalfeldmarschall of the Holy Roman Empire
See also
Flag of Germany, whose modern colors match those of the Reuss-Greiz principality
States and territories disestablished in 1918
States and territories established in 1778
States of the Confederation of the Rhine
Reuss
States of the German Confederation
States of the German Empire
Upper Saxon Circle
Former states and territories of Thuringia
Elder
1778 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1918 disestablishments in Germany
States of the North German Confederation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Lotas
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John Lotas
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John Lotas (September 14, 1920 – August 18, 1995) was the original producer of Hal Holbrook’s “Mark Twain Tonight!” in New York City. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts. Lotas was a voice-over talent for Paramount News and was an original follower and contributor to the Sri Atmananda Memorial School (Austin, Texas). For many years he headed Lotas Productions, a recording studio and production company in New York City.
1920 births
1995 deaths
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belmont%20High%20School%20%28Los%20Angeles%29
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Belmont High School (Los Angeles)
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Belmont Senior High School is a public high school located at 1575 West 2nd Street in the Westlake community of Los Angeles, California. The school, which serves grades 9 through 12, is part of the Los Angeles Unified School District.
History
Belmont High School opened in 1923.
The Hotel Belmont was the first noteworthy building to stand atop Crown Hill, the present site of Belmont High School. Eventually, the hotel was abandoned, and later it was transformed into the private Belmont School for Girls. After the school was destroyed by fire, the grounds were left vacant, except for five oil wells and a pumping plant for the Los Angeles City Oil Field. On February 28, 1921, the Los Angeles Board of Education purchased the site for $100,000, for the purpose of constructing Belmont High School.
Belmont opened its doors on September 11, 1923, to about 500 students, all sophomores, and 28 faculty members. Most of the school's traditions were created by those pioneer students during the first months of the school's existence. The school newspaper conducted an election to select its name, with "Sentinel" easily winning over "Progress." To this day, Belmont's students are known as Sentinels. Those first students favored “Sentinels" because they were able to oversee the entire city from their "lookout" on Crown Hill. In another election, the school's colors, green and black, were selected over brown and white. A mosaic mural by Joseph Young is located on the wall of the main building.
The 1923 Beaux-Arts campus was designed by Stanton & Stockwell, who designed several large civic buildings at the Civic Center, Los Angeles.
It was in the Los Angeles City High School District until 1961, when it merged into LAUSD.
Belmont High School was once the largest school in California, due to the density of the Westlake district, which it served. It was also considered the largest school in the United States, with 6,342 students. What was formerly the attendance area for Belmont High School has now become the Belmont Zone of Choice, where students have the option of attending one of nineteen small learning communities or pilot schools located on four different campuses within the zone: Belmont High School, Miguel Contreras Learning Complex, Edward Roybal Learning Center, and Ramon C. Cortinez School of Visual and Performing Arts.
Of these, the Miguel Contreras Learning Complex was opened in 2006, sharing Belmont's attendance zone, after LAUSD had begun as early as 2000 to devise plans to relieve Belmont of many of its students. The West Adams Preparatory High School opened in 2007, further relieving Belmont; a section of the Manual Arts High School attendance zone was transferred to Belmont. The High School for the Visual and Performing Arts (formerly known as Central Los Angeles Area High School 9) opened in 2008. Central Los Angeles High School 11 (Edward R. Roybal (formerly Belmont) Learning Center), Central Los Angeles High School 12, and the Felicitas and Gonzalo Mendez Learning Centers all opened in 2009.
Belmont underwent a major modernization beginning around 2005. The school was renovated, and new paint, bathrooms, doors, walls, and ceiling tiles were added. Facilities were also updated throughout the school campus to accommodate those with special needs (for example, the addition of wheelchair ramps). From the 2010 school year, it became a 6th through 12th grade school, with Sal Castro Middle School being located on the campus. The Belmont football stadium was named for Dentler Erdmann, its long-time faculty member.
In 2011 the school was restructured, with most teachers having to reapply for their jobs. The new academic program involves learning English, Spanish, and Mandarin.
Belmont High School Small Learning Communities
Belmont High School hosts three Small Learning Communities (SLC's; also called academies) which specialize in a career pathway:
LAAMPS (Los Angeles Academy of Medical and Public Service), with courses in first responders and medical terminology
SAGE (Science, Art and Green Engineering), with courses in automotive technology, drafting, and computer assisted design
Belmont Multimedia Academy, with courses in filmmaking, cartooning & animation, digital photography, digital imaging, and web page design
All Rankings
US News 2021 Rankings
100 in Los Angeles Unified School District High Schools
379 in Los Angeles metropolitan area High Schools
1,122 in California High Schools
9,907 in National Rankins
US News 2020 Rankings
153 in Los Angeles Unified School District High Schools
353 in Los Angeles metropolitan area High Schools
1048 in California High Schools
8,688 in National Rankins
Demographics
the school had about 1,000 students, 25% of whom were of Central American origin. Some of those students immigrated without their parents.
As of December 2013 the school had fewer than 1,000 students.
The school was built for a capacity of 2,500 students, and when it opened in 1923 it had about 500 students. Due to an enrollment decline in the 1950s the Los Angeles City High School District considered closing Belmont. By the 1990s the school had its peak enrollment, 5,500 students, making it California's largest high school and one of the largest in the United States. During that period many students were reassigned to and sent on buses to schools in the San Fernando Valley because there were too many students in Belmont. In the 1997-1998 school year the school had 5,160 students. At the time, the school's dropout rate was 65% and in terms of its four-year graduation rate it ranked lower than 96% of Los Angeles County high schools. 72% of the enrolled students took free lunches.
The enrollment declined in the 2000s due to the opening of charter schools and LAUSD opening schools to relieve capacity. In 2001 the LAUSD began a building campaign to relieve the capacity of the school.
Due to overcrowding, Belmont had a year-round schedule for 26 years, until the 2008 opening of the Edward R. Roybal Learning Center. After the opening Belmont resumed having a traditional two-year school schedule.
Academic performance
In 2011 the school had an Academic Performance Index (API) of 639, an improvement of almost 100 points in a two-year period. Jason Song of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the score was "still poor". In 2013 its API was 668, an increase of over 175 points from the 2002 figure. The State of California API goal is 800.
Notable faculty
Sal Castro (1933-2013), activist (faculty)
Notable alumni
Veronica Porché Ali, (1955–present), actress, model
Patrick Arguello (1943–1970), US-Nicaraguan national killed in the attempted hijack of an El Al flight, as carried out by the PFLP.
John Beradino (1917–1996) (born Giovanni Berardino), actor, major league baseball player
Ron Botchan, NFL official
Irwin Corey (1914–2017), American comic, film & television actor, and activist
James C. Corman (1920–2000), Congressman, Los Angeles City Councilman
Richard Crenna (1926–2003), actor
Brad Dexter (1917-2002), actor and film producer
Thelma "Tiby" Eisen (1922-2014), baseball player
Craig Ellwood (1922–1992), architect
Abel Fernandez (1930–2016), actor with Robert Stack on The Untouchables
Mike Frankovich (1909–1992), film producer
Robert Foley. Medal of Honor recipient, retired as U.S. Army Lieutenant General
Murray Fromson, CBS News correspondent and USC professor
Luis (Lou) Gomez, MLB player
Jacinto Guevara, artist, musician
Odetta Holmes (1930–2008), folk singer, activist
David A. Karnofsky (1914–1969) physician, medical oncologist, known for the Karnofsky score
Young-Oak Kim (1919–2005), highly decorated combat veteran; 1937 graduate
Willa Kim (1917–2016), 2007 Theatre Hall of Fame inductee, two time Tony and Emmy Award-winning costume designer and 1935 graduate of Belmont; the older sister of Young-Oak Kim.
Ralph Lazo (1924–1992), civil rights activist
Richard Lee-Sung - actor, Purple Heart recipient, Korean War
Glenard P. Lipscomb (1915–1970), Congressman
Robert Lyles, NFL player
John McCarthy (1927–2011), computer scientist, coined the term artificial intelligence, invented LISP family of programming languages, won the ACM Turing award in 1971
Loren Miller Jr., Los Angeles County Superior Court Judge
Ricardo Montalbán (1920–2009), actor
Anthony Quinn (1915–2001), actor
Mort Sahl, humorist
Reiko Sato, (1931–1981), dancer and actress
William Sidell (1915–1994), labor leader
Jack Smith (1916–1996), columnist, journalist
Mike Stoller, songwriter
Robert Mitsuhiro Takasugi, United States district judge
Coy Watson Jr. (1912–2009), child actor, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family
Delmar Watson (1926–2008), actor, photo-journalist, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family
Harry R. Watson (1921–2001), actor, photo-journalist, Hollywood Walk of Fame, the Watson Family
Jack Webb (1920–1982), producer, director, actor
References
External links
Belmont High School
Los Angeles Unified School District schools
High schools in Los Angeles
Educational institutions established in 1923
Public high schools in California
Westlake, Los Angeles
1923 establishments in California
Stanton & Stockwell buildings
Beaux-Arts architecture in California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryo%20Kato%20%28footballer%29
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Ryo Kato (footballer)
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Ryo Kato (Japanese: 加藤亮; born 20 August 1991) is a Japanese footballer who plays as a defender or midfielder for Prey Veng in the Cambodian Premier League.
Career
In 2014, Kato signed for German fifth division side Sportfreunde Siegen from Fontana Finthen in the German sixth division.
Before the second half of 2015/16, he signed for Montenegrin club Titograd, helping them win the league.
Before the second half of 2016/17, he signed for Kamza in the Albanian second division.
In 2018, Kato signed for German fifth division team Basara Mainz.
References
External links
Living people
1991 births
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football defenders
Expatriate men's footballers in Albania
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Japanese expatriate men's footballers
Kategoria e Parë players
OFK Titograd players
FC Kamza players
Regionalliga players
Sportfreunde Siegen players
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Montenegrin First League players
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Montenegro
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Albania
Expatriate men's footballers in Montenegro
Expatriate men's footballers in Cambodia
Japanese expatriate sportspeople in Cambodia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedita
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Mercedita
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Mercedita is a common forename derived from Mercedes. It may refer to:
Mercedita International Airport, an international commercial airport in Ponce, Puerto Rico
Hacienda Mercedita, a now defunct sugar mill and refinery plantation in Ponce, Puerto Rico
, a wooden steamer that served in the United States Navy during the American Civil War.
See also
Merceditas Gutierrez, Philippine government official
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20Camp%20Hollow
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Indian Camp Hollow
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Indian Camp Hollow is a valley in Hickman County, Tennessee, in the United States.
Indian Camp Hollow was named from a former Native American camping ground located there.
References
Landforms of Hickman County, Tennessee
Valleys of Tennessee
Native American history of Tennessee
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%20of%20Crisis%3A%20The%20Harvey%20Wallinger%20Story
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Men of Crisis: The Harvey Wallinger Story
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Men of Crisis: The Harvey Wallinger Story is a short film directed by Woody Allen in 1971. The film was a satirization of the Richard Nixon administration made in mockumentary style.
Allen plays Harvey Wallinger, a thinly disguised version of Henry Kissinger. The short was produced as a television special for PBS and was scheduled to air in February 1972, but it was pulled from the schedule shortly before the airdate. Reportedly, PBS officials feared losing its government support and decided not to air it. Allen, who previously had sworn off doing television work, cited this as an example of why he should "stick to movies". The special never aired and can now be viewed in The Paley Center for Media and is often found on YouTube.
Two of Allen's regular leading ladies, Louise Lasser and Diane Keaton, make appearances, as does the Richard Nixon-lookalike Richard M. Dixon. Actor Reed Hadley narrates. The fictional characters are interspersed with newsreel footage of Hubert Humphrey, Spiro Agnew, and Nixon in embarrassing public moments. Allen would later explore this style again in his 1983 film Zelig.
See also
List of American films of 1971
References
External links
1971 films
1971 comedy films
1971 short films
American political satire films
American satirical films
American television films
Films directed by Woody Allen
American independent films
American mockumentary films
Films with screenplays by Woody Allen
Unreleased American films
Unaired television shows
Films about Richard Nixon
American comedy short films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Lord%20Fauntleroy%20%281936%20film%29
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Little Lord Fauntleroy (1936 film)
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Little Lord Fauntleroy is a 1936 American drama film based on the 1886 novel of the same name by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The film stars Freddie Bartholomew, Dolores Costello, and C. Aubrey Smith. The first film produced by David O. Selznick's Selznick International Pictures, it was the studio's most profitable film until Gone with the Wind. The film is directed by John Cromwell.
The film was critically well received and is now in the public domain. In 2012 it was released on Blu-ray Disc by Kino Lorber, following a restoration by the George Eastman House Motion Picture Department.
Plot
Young Cedric "Ceddie" Errol (Freddie Bartholomew) and his widowed mother, whom he calls "Dearest" (Dolores Costello), live frugally in 1880s Brooklyn after the death of his father. Cedric's prejudiced English grandfather, the Earl of Dorincourt (C. Aubrey Smith), had long ago disowned his son for marrying an American.
The earl sends his lawyer Havisham (Henry Stephenson) to bring Ceddie to England. As the earl's sons are all dead, Ceddie is the only remaining heir to the title. Mrs. Errol accompanies her son to England, but is not allowed to live at Dorincourt castle. For Cedric's happiness, she does not tell him it is because of his grandfather's bigotry. The earl's lawyer is favorably impressed by the young widow's wisdom. However, the earl expresses skepticism when Mr. Havisham informs him that Cedric's mother will not accept an allowance from him.
Cedric soon wins the hearts of his stern grandfather and everyone else. The earl hosts a grand party to proudly introduce his grandson to British society, notably his sister Lady Constantia Lorridaile (Constance Collier).
After the party, Havisham informs the earl that Cedric is not the heir apparent after all. American Minna Tipton (Helen Flint) insists her son Tom (Jackie Searl) is the offspring of her late husband, the earl's eldest son. Heartbroken, the earl accepts her apparently valid claim, though Tom proves to be a rather obnoxious lad.
Ceddie's friend Dick Tipton (Mickey Rooney) recognizes Minna from her newspaper picture. He takes his brother Ben, Tom's real father, to England and disproves Minna's claim. The earl apologizes to Ceddie's mother and invites her to live with the delighted Ceddie on his estate.
Cast
The cast of Little Lord Fauntleroy is listed at the American Film Institute Catalog of Feature Films.
Uncredited
Production
Little Lord Fauntleroy was the first film produced by Selznick International Pictures, created by David O. Selznick when he left Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer. While he was still at MGM Selznick purchased the rights to the story from Mary Pickford for $11,500 and secured the performance of his David Copperfield discovery, Freddie Bartholomew. It was the final film for which Sophie Wachner designed costumes.
Ben Hecht, Richard Schayer and Selznick himself polished the screenplay commissioned from Hugh Walpole. Directed by John Cromwell, the film was shot during the last two months of 1935. Made within its budget of $500,000, the film's final cost was $590,000.
The film was released through United Artists after a world premiere March 4, 1936, at Foundation Hospital in Warm Springs, Georgia.
Box office
By 1939, Little Lord Fauntleroy earned an estimated profit of $447,000. It was Selznick International Pictures' most profitable film until Gone With the Wind.
Critical response
Once the movie premiered at the Radio City Music Hall, Frank S. Nugent reviewed the film for the New York Times on April 3, 1936, and gave it a favorable review.
Home media
Long in the public domain, Little Lord Fauntleroy was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc by Kino Lorber in 2012. The film was remastered by the George Eastman House Motion Picture Department, from Selznick's personal print.
DVD Talk wrote: "This Kino Classics release, while far from perfect, sources an original 35mm nitrate print resulting in a better than acceptable presentation. And unless original film elements turn up, this is probably the best Little Lord Fauntleroy is going to look for the foreseeable future. Highly recommended".
See also
Little Lord Fauntleroy (1921)
Little Lord Fauntleroy (1980)
Little Lord Fauntleroy, the book
References
External links
1936 films
1936 drama films
American drama films
American black-and-white films
Films based on American novels
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Frances Hodgson Burnett
Films set in the 1880s
Selznick International Pictures films
United Artists films
Films directed by John Cromwell
Films produced by David O. Selznick
Films scored by Max Steiner
1930s English-language films
1930s American films
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2002 Polish Figure Skating Championships
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The 2002 Polish Figure Skating Championships () were competition of 2001–02 season.
Senior results
Men
Ladies
Pairs
Ice dancing
External links
Archive results
Polish Figure Skating Championships
Polish Figure Skating Championships, 2002
Polish Figure Skating Championships, 2002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Homecoming%20%28film%29
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The Homecoming (film)
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The Homecoming is a 1973 British-American drama film directed by Peter Hall based on the play of the same name by Harold Pinter. The film was produced by Ely Landau for the American Film Theatre, which presented thirteen film adaptations of plays in the United States from 1973 to 1975. The film was screened at the 1974 Cannes Film Festival, but was not entered into the main competition.
Plot
Teddy brings his wife home to meet his estranged family.
Cast
All cast members from the play's first performance in 1965 reprise their roles here, with the exception of Cyril Cusack and Michael Jayston who replace John Normington and Michael Bryant respectively.
Paul Rogers as Max, father of Lenny, Teddy, and Joey
Ian Holm as Lenny
Cyril Cusack as Sam, brother of Max
Terence Rigby as Joey
Michael Jayston as Teddy
Vivien Merchant as Ruth
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 100% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 8.7/10.
References
External links
1973 drama films
1973 films
American films based on plays
American independent films
Films with screenplays by Harold Pinter
British independent films
American drama films
British drama films
Films produced by Ely Landau
1973 independent films
Films directed by Peter Hall
1970s English-language films
1970s American films
1970s British films
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elettra%20Rossellini%20Wiedemann
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Elettra Rossellini Wiedemann
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Elettra-Ingrid Rossellini Wiedemann (born July 26, 1983) is an American food editor, writer, fashion model, and socialite. She is the daughter of Italian actress and model Isabella Rossellini and Jonathan Wiedemann, an American. Her maternal grandparents were Swedish actress Ingrid Bergman and Italian film director Roberto Rossellini.
Early life
Wiedemann was born and raised in New York City. She has three half siblings from her father's second marriage. She also has a brother on her mother's side. She attended high school at the United Nations International School, where she became fluent in French. Growing up, Wiedemann suffered from scoliosis, a spinal condition that had also afflicted her mother, and had to wear a back brace 23 hours a day from the ages of 12 to 17.
She attended college at The New School, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in International Relations. She attended a two-year graduate school program at the London School of Economics in order to receive a master's degree in Biomedicine, Bioscience and Society.
Career
Wiedemann worked as a fashion model and spokesperson for over 10 years before Impatient Foodie. She was discovered by Bruce Weber and quickly became one of the industry's most coveted models, shooting with photographers such as Karl Lagerfeld, Patrick Demarchelier, Annie Leibovitz, Arthur Elgort, Mario Testino, and Craig McDean for magazines such as American Vogue, French Vogue, Harpers Bazaar, Another, Muse, GQ, French Elle and Italian Elle, to name a few. She has also been a spokesmodel for Lancôme since 2004 and done ads for Lancôme makeup, fragrance, and skin care worldwide.
While she was modeling, Wiedemann attended graduate school at the London School of Economics (LSE), ultimately receiving her Masters of Science (MSc) in Biomedicine, Biosciences and Society in 2010. Her MSc dissertation was an analysis of a biotech proposal known as Vertical Farming and the future of feeding urban populations in light of climate change. At the time, her dissertation was the first ever cross-disciplinary analysis of Vertical Farming, for which she received the top possible mark of a Distinction.
Upon graduation from the LSE, Wiedemann launched a pop-up restaurant, GOODNESS. GOODNESS featured a different chef and different menu every day. GOODNESS popped up twice at NY Fashion Week and at Iceland's Design March Festival before turning into a show (Elettra's Goodness) on Vogue's new channel. Guests included Blake Lively, Seth Meyers, Grace Coddington, and Karlie Kloss.
She has also written for publications including Refinery29, VICE Munchies, Teen Vogue, SELF, Paper Magazine, The Cut, and Cherry Bombe.
Personal life
Wiedemann was married to restaurateur James Marshall from 2012 to 2015. She has two sons, Ronin Hendrick Lane (born January 2, 2018) and Viggo River Lane (born June 14, 2021), with actor Caleb Lane.
She raced in several triathlons and three Half Ironman races. For her last race (Ironman 70.3 in Lake Stevens), she renounced energy gels and baked all of her own bite-sized food for racing fuel, and is convinced it helped her achieve her fastest 70.3 time.
Wiedemann has a younger brother Roberto who also became a model.
She has an older cousin Tommaso who made two films, Interno Giorno (2011) and Playing with Plays (2019).
References
External links
Announced as new Lancome spokesmodel
Vanity Fair: Eco-Chic Becomes Elettra
Theodora & Callum Interview with Elettra Wiedemann
1983 births
Living people
American female models
American people of German descent
American people of Italian descent
American people of French descent
American people of Swedish descent
Writers from Manhattan
The New School alumni
United Nations International School alumni
21st-century American women
Elettra
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daily%20call%20sheet
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Daily call sheet
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Daily call sheet is a filmmaking term for the schedule supervised by the assistant director and crafted by the 2nd assistant director, using the director's shot list, the production schedule and other logistics considerations. It is issued to the cast and crew of a film production to inform them of where and when they should report for a particular day of filming, usually no later than 12 hours before the start of the next work day.
Call sheets are a vital part of video production.
The start of the day's production schedule is marked by a general and individual call times, the time when people are expected to start work on a film set.
Information found on call sheets
Call sheets include other useful information such as contact information (e.g. phone numbers of crew members and other contacts), the schedule for the day, which scenes and script pages are being shot, and the address of the shoot location and parking arrangements. Call sheets also have information about cast transportation arrangements, parking instructions and safety notes.
A section on the front of the call sheet is usually dedicated to reminding department heads of the day's specific needs that go beyond the unit's usual tools and equipment – such as special crane rentals, special effects builds required, props and sets needing to be readied for the day and more.
Call sheets may also provide logistical information regarding the location. It is common to find such items as weather information, sunrise/sunset times, local hospitals, restaurants, dietary limitations, meal times and quantities, and hardware stores on call sheets.
Historically, call sheets were typed by typewriter (or handwritten), then copied and delivered by courier or runner. While the history of call sheets is not well-documented, the oldest artifacts being sold publicly date back to as early as 1941. Modern call sheets are Excel-based and emailed as PDFs as well as printed and distributed on set. The latest generation of call sheets is cloud-based, while emailed PDFs remain as the industry norm; paper copies on set have become rarer during the COVID-19 pandemic. Call sheets adhere to the Legal paper size format, and film production departments keep them handy on set for printing on the specialized format.
Further reading
Peter W. Rea, David K. Irving. Producing and Directing the Short Film and Video. Focal Press 2000, pg. 55.
Eden H. Wurmfeld, Nicole Shay LaLoggia. IFP/Los Angeles Independent Filmmaker's Manual. Focal Press 2004, pg. 222.
Pat P. Miller. Script supervising and film continuity. Focal Press 1998, pg. 48.
References
Film production
it:Ordine del giorno (cinema)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callimetopus%20irroratus
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Callimetopus irroratus
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Callimetopus irroratus is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Newman in 1842, originally under the genus Euclea. It is known from the Philippines.
Varietas
Callimetopus irroratus var. albidus Breuning, 1947
Callimetopus irroratus var. bifasciatus (Fisher, 1943)
References
Callimetopus
Beetles described in 1842
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hojjatollah%20Vaezi
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Hojjatollah Vaezi
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Hojjatollah Vaezi (born March 27, 1977) is an athlete from Iran, who competes in archery.
2008 Summer Olympics
At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing Hojjatolah finished his ranking round with a total of 604 points, which gave him the 63rd seed for the final competition bracket in which he faced Mangal Singh Champia in the first round. Champia won the match by 112-98 and Hojjatolah was eliminated. Champia would lose in the next round against Bair Badënov.
References
1977 births
Living people
Iranian male archers
Archers at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic archers for Iran
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trani
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Trani
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Trani () is a seaport of Apulia, in southern Italy, on the Adriatic Sea, by railway west-northwest of Bari. It is one of the capital cities of the Province of Barletta-Andria-Trani.
History
Overview
The city of Turenum appears for the first time in the , a 13th-century copy of an ancient Roman itinerary. The name, also spelled Tirenum, was that of the Greek hero Diomedes. The city was later occupied by the Lombards and the Byzantines. First certain news of an urban settlement in Trani, however, trace back only to the 9th century.
The most flourishing age of Trani was the 11th century, when it became an episcopal see in place of Canosa, destroyed by the Saracens. Its port, well placed for the Crusades, then developed greatly, becoming the most important on the Adriatic Sea. In the year 1063 Trani issued the Ordinamenta et consuetudo maris, which is "the oldest surviving maritime law code of the Latin West". There was also Jewish community in Trani, which was under the protection of the king until it was given to the Archbishop Samarus during the reign of Henry VI at the end of the 12th century. In that period many great families from the main Italian Maritime Republics (Amalfi, Pisa, Genova and Venice) established themselves in Trani. Trani, in turn, maintained a consul in Venice from 12th century. The presence of other consulates in many northern Europe centres, even in England and Netherlands, shows Trani's trading and political importance in the Middle Ages. Emperor Frederick II built a massive castle in Trani. Under his rule, in the early 13th century, the city reached its highest point of wealth and prosperity.
There was some economic progress during the nineteenth century, and by 1881 the population had reached 25,647. Trani at this time was an important trading point for wines, fruits and grain.
Jewish history
Benjamin of Tudela visited Trani in around 1159, following this visit he found 200 Jewish families living there. By the 12th century, Trani already housed one of the largest Jewish communities of Southern Italy, and was the birthplace of one of the greatest medieval rabbis of Italy: Rabbi Isaiah ben Mali di Trani (c. 1180–1250), a prolific and prominent commentator and halakhic authority. The great talmudist Rabbi Moses ben Joseph di Trani (1505–1585) was born in Thessaloniki, three years after his family had fled there from Trani due to antisemitic persecution.
Trani entered a crisis under the Anjou and Aragonese rule (14th–16th centuries), as its Jewish component was persecuted under Dominican pressure. Under the House of Bourbon, however, Trani recovered a certain splendour, thanks to the generally improved condition of Southern Italy economy and the construction of several magnificent buildings. Trani was province capital until the Napoleonic age, when Joachim Murat deprived it of this status in favour of Bari. In 1799, moreover, the French troops provoked a massacre of Trani's population, as it had adhered to the Neapolitan Republic.
The Scolanova Synagogue survives and, after many centuries as a church, has been rededicated as a synagogue. The church of Sant'Anna is another medieval former synagogue.
Geography
Located by the Adriatic Coast, between Barletta and Bisceglie, Trani borders with the municipalities of Andria, Barletta, Bisceglie and Corato, in the Province of Bari.
Main sights
Trani has lost its old city walls and bastions, but the 13th-century fort has been extensively restored as a museum and performance venue and is open to the public. Some of the streets in and around the Ghetto area remain much as they were in the medieval period, and many of the houses display more or less of Norman decoration.
The main church is Trani Cathedral, dedicated to Saint Nicholas the Pilgrim, a Greek who died in Trani in 1094 while on his way on pilgrimage to Rome, and some years later was canonized by Urban II. It lies on a raised open site near the sea, and was consecrated, before its completion, in 1143. It is a basilica with three apses, built in the characteristic white local limestone. It has also a large crypt and a lofty tower, the latter erected in 1230–1239 by the architect whose name appears on the ambo in the cathedral of Bitonto, Nicolaus Sacerdos. It has an arch under it, being supported partly on the side wall of the church, and partly on a massive pillar. The arches of the Romanesque portal are beautifully ornamented, in a manner suggestive of Arab influence; the bronze doors, executed by Barisanus of Trani in 1175, rank among the best of their period in Southern Italy. The capitals of the pillars in the crypt are fine examples of the Romanesque. The interior of the cathedral has been widely modernized, but the crypt remains similar to the origins and was a renowned repository of relics, among which the body of the martyr St. Febronia of Nisibis. One can still enjoy a precious reliquary of the eighteenth century and an oval painting depicting the Saint at the Diocesan Museum.
Near the harbor is the Gothic Palace of the Doges of Venice, which is now used as a seminary. The Church of Ognissanti which at one stage was the chapel of a Knights Templar hospital has a Romanesque relief of the Annunciation over the door. San Giacomo and San Francesco also have Romanesque façades; the latter, together with Sant'Andrea, have Byzantine domes.
Government
Economy
The territory of Trani produces an excellent wine, Moscato di Trani; and its figs, olive oil, almonds and grain are also profitable articles of trade.
People
Manfred, King of Sicily and son of Frederick II, who married Helena Ducas here in 1259
Giovanni Bovio, philosopher and politician
Antonio Piccinni, painter, born in 1846 and died in 1920
Rosalino Cellamare, singer
Emilio Covelli, anarchist and socialist
Leone di Lernia, singer
Jennie George, Australian politician and Australian trade unionist
Domenico Sarro, composer
Riccardo Scamarcio, actor
Rabbi Isaiah ben Mali di Trani (c. 1180–1250), a prolific and prominent commentator and halakhic authority
See also
U.S. Calcio Trani
Trani railway station
Dialoghi di Trani
References
External links
Official website
Trani portal
Cities and towns in Apulia
Coastal towns in Apulia
Port cities and towns of the Adriatic Sea
Jewish Italian history
Italian Jewish communities
Territories of the Republic of Venice
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dwight%20Marcus
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Dwight Marcus
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Dwight Marcus (born Dwight Marcus Glodell) was the Chief Technology Officer and one of the co-founders of NPOWR Digital Media.
He attended Worcester Polytechnic Institute, where he was Henry J. Fuller Scholar. Marcus is also the inventor of the stimTV Network (not the current holder of the stimtv.com URL), which in 2007 won the Technology and Engineering Emmy Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences.
Career
Technology
Dwight was Chief Technology Officer at Medic Interactive Corporation (1994), a Manhattan-based media technology company. Dwight transitioned to NTECH, Inc. and its licensee NPOWR Digital Media, where his System for the Automated Generation of Media, filed in 1997, was awarded US patent (#6032156) in 2000.
Dwight and Robert Whitmore applied the patent's on-demand technology as the basis for their venture, stimTV™, a video-on-demand music entertainment provider founded in 2005. In 2007, stimTV was awarded a Technology and Engineering Emmy Award as part of the 58th Technology and Engineering Emmy Awards, for "Outstanding Innovation and Achievement in Advanced Media Technology for the best use of 'On Demand' Technology" (citation below). Marcus's interactive-media patent portfolio, which largely defines the current era of personalized media delivery, is currently represented by the law firm of Kramer Levin.
Dwight co-founded Motivideo with Robert Whitmore, which company is applying self-assembling unicast video technology to lifestyle coaching. , Dwight is also Managing Partner of the technology company Vushaper, which has developed the Video Assembly Engine used for user-driven unicast video streams in conjunction with developer 8th Light. He continues to develop technologies and applications for the creation and delivery of personalized media for general consumers and the healthcare industry.
Dwight has numerous patents granted in the US, Canada and Australia, with pending patents in the EPO regions. The portfolio is administered in partnership with the IP division of the law firm of Troutman Pepper of New York City, an AmLaw 100 firm.
Arts
Throughout his career in entertainment and media technology, Marcus has maintained a parallel career as a composer and music producer. His early work was credited as Dwight Glodell and includes Billboard "Top Album Pick", punk by New Math, 145 and The Presstones, dance/trance by Personal Effects, which reached chart-topping status on the new Billboard Dance chart. He later worked under the name Dwight Marcus, with a diverse group of artists including "The Outlaws", as bandleader, producer and mixer of "The Obvious", Juno Award winner Shirley Eikhard (1987) and most notably Wendy MaHarry.
In 1987, Dwight wrote and directed a 16mm poetry film If You Smoke, Thank You, which won the 19th Annual Poetry Film Festival held in Fort Mason, San Francisco. In 1999 Marcus released "News From the West," by Dwight Marcus and the Chamber of Poets, a long-form music video that blended music, poetry, experimental film with 5.1 surround sound. News from the West is currently housed in the UC Berkeley Moffitt Library.
In 2020. Marcus began producing, mixing and engineering music under the name of Ika, released by Ika Haus (citation below). The flagship project of this latest period is music by Ana Mirabilis (citation below) and Abigail Cartright. Both of these projects are currently completed and will be available shortly. The music video Turquoise Water won the Music & Film category of the 2023 Madrid International Film Festival (citation below).
Throughout his career, Marcus has produced, directed and composed for numerous award-winning industrial and advertising projects for Fortune 500 companies, including Corning, Bausch & Lomb, Xerox, Eastman Kodak and Dupont. His work has been awarded multiple national Clios, Addys, NAB Golden and Silver Microphones, three Golden Eagles from Cannes, and Gold Medals for Best of Show and Best Use of Music at the New York Film and Television Festival.
References
External links
http://www.troutmansanders.com/intellectual_property/
2023 Madrid IFF
Ika Haus
Ana Mirabilis
Troutman Pepper
Dwight Marcus & The Chamber of Poets
2007 Technical Emmy Awards
/innovator-test-2/
http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?Sect1=PTO1&Sect2=HITOFF&d=PALL&p=1&u=%2Fnetahtml%2FPTO%2Fsrchnum.htm&r=1&f=G&l=50&s1=6032156.PN.&OS=PN/6032156&RS=PN/6032156
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20070110006078/en/stimTV-Network-Wins-Emmy-Award-National-Television
Dwight Marcus patent holder at US Patent Office
Dwight Marcus, Wendy MaHarry music producer on AllMusic
Dwight Marcus, Shirley Eikhard music producer
Chamber of Poets, News from the West on Amazon.com
Dwight Marcus & Chamber of Poets in the New York Times
Dwight Marcus, Speaker at the Digital Hollywood trade conference
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
American chief technology officers
Worcester Polytechnic Institute alumni
Place of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giles%20Boothroyd
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Giles Boothroyd
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Giles Boothroyd (17 March 1969) is an English former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1980s and 1990s. He played at club level for Castleford (Heritage № 659) and Hunslet, as a , i.e. number 3 or 4.
Background
Boothroyd's birth was registered in Pontefract district, West Riding of Yorkshire, England.
Playing career
County Cup Final appearances
Boothroyd did not play in Castleford's 12-12 draw against Bradford Northern in the 1987 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1987–88 season at Headingley Rugby Stadium, Leeds, on Saturday 17 October 1987, played as an interchange/substitute, i.e. number 14, (replacing Keith England) in the 2-11 defeat by Bradford Northern in the 1987 Yorkshire County Cup Final replay during the 1987–88 season at Elland Road, Leeds, on Saturday 31 October 1987, and played left-, i.e. number 4, and scored a try in the 12-33 defeat by Leeds in the 1988 Yorkshire County Cup Final during the 1988–89 season at Elland Road on Sunday 16 October 1988.
Club career
Boothroyd was signed from Lock Lane ARLFC by Castleford on 8 April 1987, and made his début for them in the 20-10 victory over St. Helens on Sunday 30 August 1987.
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Castleford Tigers players
English rugby league players
Hunslet R.L.F.C. players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league players from Pontefract
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Germ%C3%A1n%20Schacht
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Germán Schacht
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Germán Schacht Verdugo (born 24 October 1961) is a sailor from Chile, who represented his country at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Busan, South Korea as helmsman in the Soling. With crew members Rodrigo Zvazola and Manuel Gonzalez they took the 20th place.
Notes
References
External links
1961 births
Living people
Chilean male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Chile
Sailors at the 1988 Summer Olympics – Soling
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/141st%20Mixed%20Brigade
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141st Mixed Brigade
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The 141st Mixed Brigade was a unit of the Spanish Republican Army during the Spanish Civil War. It participated in the Battle of Belchite, Aragon Offensive, Battle of the Segre and the Catalonia Offensive.
History
The 141st Mixed Brigade was created in May 1937 as a reserve of the Eastern Army and integrated into the 32nd Division of the X Army Corps. It was mainly made up of anarchist militiamen. Although its first commander was Sebastián Zamora Medina, shortly afterwards the command of the unit passed to Eduardo Barceló Llacuri.
After completing their training, the brigade was sent to the Huesca front. For the Zaragoza Offensive it stationed itself in Castellnou as a reserve and, on September 27, entered combat to support the XII International Brigade in the Villamayor sector. Later, Barceló was prosecuted for the shooting of a militia unit of the POUM, as was his successor, Bosch Montes. During the withdrawal from Aragón the brigade covered the Quinto sector and was overwhelmed by nationalist troops who attacked at this point, concentrating their remains in Montgay. Later the brigade took part in the fighting at the bridgehead of Balaguer, later moving to the sector of Artesa de Segre. During the Battle of the Ebro, one of the unit's battalions participated in the combat.
On January 14, 1939, while the Catalonia Offensive was taking place, the brigade was positioned in a defensive line trying to defend Cervera, although it was lost the next day. It withdrew to Calaf and later to the Manresa-Vic area to continue the general withdrawal towards the French border.
Command
Commanders
Francisco del Castillo Sáenz de Tejada;
Sebastián Zamora Medina;
Eduardo Barceló Llacuri;
Emilio Bosch Montes;
Commissars
Justino Villaverde Ramos, of the CNT;
Chief of Staff
Hernández Oñate;
References
Bibliography
Military units and formations established in 1937
Military units and formations disestablished in 1939
Militarized anarchist formations
Mixed Brigades (Spain)
Military units and formations of the Spanish Civil War
Military history of Spain
Armed Forces of the Second Spanish Republic
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Hopf%20%28historian%29
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Karl Hopf (historian)
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Karl Hopf (Hamm, Westphalia, February 19, 1832 – Wiesbaden, August 23, 1873) or Carl Hermann Friedrich Johann Hopf was a historian and an expert in Medieval Greece, both Byzantine and Frankish.
Career
Hopf graduated from the University of Bonn, where he received his Ph.D. in the medieval history of Greece. He worked as a professor and librarian in the University of Greifswald and the University of Königsberg. He frequently visited Italian and Greek medieval archives to find sources for his works.
Notable works
His notable works include the "History of Greece from the beginning of Middle Ages to the year 1821". It was considered the most important addition made to the knowledge about Byzantine and modern Greek history in the period 1863-1877, when considerable additions had been made.
In his 1870 work, Hopf dealt with the migrations of the Romani people. According to him, after they came from the East, they were first concentrated in the Romanian lands. To escape slavery, they went to Serbia, and the Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan dispersed them throughout the Balkans, as far as Greece.
Sources
Peter Wirth: Hopf, Carl. In: Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB). Band 9. Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1972, S. 609.
Ludwig Streit: Hopf, Karl. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 13. Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1881, S. 102–104.
Works
List of works published by Karl Hopf, listed in catalogue of National library in Berlin
References
External links
Karl Hopf (ed.) Chroniques gréco-romanes inédites ou peu connues, 1873 on Google Books
1832 births
1873 deaths
German Byzantinists
People from the Province of Westphalia
German medievalists
University of Bonn alumni
Academic staff of the University of Königsberg
People from Hamm
German male non-fiction writers
Scholars of Byzantine history
Historians of medieval Greece
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Henry%20Land
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John Henry Land
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John Henry Land (June 12, 1918 – November 30, 2011) was an American judge, lawyer, and politician.
Early years and education
John Land was born to Aaron Brewster and Mattie Miller Land on June 12, 1918, in Columbus, Georgia. He attended Muscogee County schools, graduating from Columbus High School in 1935. He then attended the University of Georgia, graduating with a law degree in 1939.
Military service and political office
After a short stint in private law practice, Land was drafted into the United States Army in 1941, at the onset of World War II, rising through the ranks to the position of major. After the war, he returned to Columbus, to re-establish his private law practice. He ran, unsuccessfully, for a seat in the Georgia General Assembly in 1946, against an established legislator. Two years later, he ran unopposed for a seat in the Georgia State Senate, serving in 1949 and 1950. During his time in the state senate, Land became known as a "fierce critic" of Governor Herman Talmadge.
Legal career
After his time in the legislature, Land once again returned to Columbus to take up the practice of law. When a vacancy came up for the position of district attorney, Land pursued it. But the appointment, made by Land's political rival, Governor Talmadge, went to another. Undeterred, Land sought election to the position, in 1952, but lost to the incumbent. Three years later, a new governor, Marvin Griffin appointed Land to the position of chief prosecutor. Land served as Solicitor General of the Chattahoochee Judicial System from 1955 to 1964. He then served for 24 years as Judge of the Georgia Superior Court from 1964 to 1989.
Death and legacy
Land died at Columbus Hospice House in Columbus, Georgia, on November 30, 2011.
John Land was a member of a political dynasty, which included numerous city council members, state senators, and a federal judge. His nephew Ted Land served on the city council for a time, before a long career in the Georgia State Senate. Another nephew was a fixture on the city council for decades. Yet another relative, Clay Land worked his way up through the city council, before assuming the senate senate previously held by is uncle Ted Land, and then advanced to the position of Chief United States district judge for the United States District Court for the Middle District of Georgia.
Notes
1918 births
2011 deaths
People from Columbus, Georgia
Military personnel from Georgia (U.S. state)
University of Georgia School of Law alumni
Georgia (U.S. state) lawyers
Georgia (U.S. state) state court judges
Georgia (U.S. state) state senators
20th-century American judges
20th-century American lawyers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hambleton
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Hambleton
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Hambleton may refer to:
Places
Hambleton District, a former local government district of North Yorkshire, England
Hambleton Ales, a brewery originally based in Hambleton
Hambleton, Lancashire, England
Hambleton, Rutland, England
Hambleton, Craven, a location in North Yorkshire, England
Hambleton, Ryedale, a hamlet on the borders of the former Hambleton and Ryedale districts, North Yorkshire, England
Hambleton, Selby, North Yorkshire, England
Hambleton, West Virginia, USA
People with the surname
Aman Hambleton (born 1992), Canadian chess grandmaster
Greg Hambleton, Canadian music entrepreneur
Hugh Hambleton (1922–1995), Canadian and British economist and spy
Iceal Hambleton (1918–2004), USAF navigator and electronic warfare officer
Peter Hambleton (born 1960), New Zealand actor
Richard Hambleton (1952–2017), Canadian artist
Ronald Hambleton (1917–2015), Canadian broadcaster
Samuel Hambleton (United States Navy officer) (1777–1851), officer in the U.S. Navy who served during the War of 1812
Samuel Hambleton (Maryland congressman) (1812–1886), American politician
Steve Hambleton (born 1961), Australian doctor
Ships
USS Hambleton (DD-455), a US Navy destroyer
See also
Hambleton Hills, a range of hills in North Yorkshire, England
Hambledon (disambiguation)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Poinsettia%20Bowl%20broadcasters
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List of Poinsettia Bowl broadcasters
|
The following is a list of the television networks and announcers who broadcast college football's Poinsettia Bowl throughout the years.
Television
Radio
References
External links
Bowls: Slight Drop For Poinsettia Bowl
Poinsettia
Broadcasters
Poinsettia Bowl
Poinsettia Bowl
Poinsettia Bowl
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adams%20Island%20%28Massachusetts%29
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Adams Island (Massachusetts)
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Adams Island was an island in the U.S. state of Massachusetts.
History
Adams Island was originally part of Tuckernuck Island. During the 1890s, the westernmost part of Tuckernuck extended almost to Muskeget Island and served as a barrier beach, protecting the Gravel Islands, western Dry Shoal, and Little Gull Island.
The island came into existence in 1902, when the Haulover Nor'easter severed it from Tuckernuck. Another island, Tombolo, was also created. In 1907, Adams almost attached itself to Muskeget, but failed to do so because the sea formed a narrow deep channel separating Adams from Muskeget.
In 1910, Adams' length was shortened due to a tropical storm and an autumn nor'easter. By 1920, Adams was less than four hundred meters long. A little less than ten meters of it remained in 1950, and by 1980 it was gone.
Adams Island Day
In 1983, a group of Nantucket residents, self-designated as Adamites, held a small celebration in honor of the former island. The first Adams Island Celebration was characterized by a nihilist/absurdist spirit emphasizing the short existence of the island and downplaying its disappearance. The celebration has taken place in some form each year since 1983, and although it rarely falls on the same day as in the previous year, it is known each year to Adamites as Adams Island Day.
By boat, one can easily access Tuckernuck from Madaket on the island of Nantucket.
Coastal islands of Massachusetts
Islands of Nantucket, Massachusetts
Former islands of the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagabay
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Kagabay
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The Kababaihan Gabay ng Bayan - KAGABAY, means "women supporting the country" in Filipino. KAGABAY is a non-government, non-profit, social development organization. It was set up to address poverty reduction through the social, political and economic empowerment of women in urban poor and resettlement communities. With its motto: “Kababaihan Para Sa Kababaihan" (ph.Women for Women), KAGABAY aims to contribute to the achievement of the country’s Millennium Development Goals through the empowerment of women that will enable them to address the multi‐faceted dimensions of poverty within their communities.
History
The organisation was established in May 2007. The same year, the first St. Marie Eugenie Learning Center was established in the coastal area of Tanza, Navotas.
In 2008, 7 more St. Marie Eugenie Learning Centers were set up in:
Abbey Road, Barangay Bagbag, Novaliches, Quezon City
Barangay 176, Bagong Silang, Caloocan
KarismaVille,Barangay Panghulo, Malabon
Barangay Kaypian, San Jose del Monte, Bulacan
Southville 1 Resettlement Site, Niugan, Cabuyao, Laguna
Southville 7 Resettlement Site I, Dayap, Calauan, Laguna
Green Valley, Barangay Molino 2, Bacoor, Cavite
In year 2009
Balangay, Barangay Molino 2, Bacoor, Cavite
In year 2010
Southville 7 Resettlement Site III, Sto. Tomas, Calauan, Laguna
In year 2013
Oro Compound,Barangay Bagbag,Quezon City
Green Valley, Molino 3, Bacoor, Cavite
Initiative Programs
The Kagabay's framework for women empowerment revolves around 4K's: Kabuhayan (Livelihood), Kalusugan (Health), Kalikasan (Environment) and Katatagan (Empowerment). The mothers groups undergo training in:
Livelihood - social entrepreneurship, micro finance, and local employment
Health - including sexual and reproductive health rights and Philhealth
Environment - solid waste management, vegetable gardening, disaster preparedness and management
''Organizational development" towards the formation and strengthening of their local organization K-4 Network ( Katipunan ng Kababaihan Kabalikat sa Kaunlaran ), to coalesce into network of women’s organizations.
To achieve its goals, KAGABAY conducts following programs:
Early Child Care and Development (ECCD)
Women in Communities (WIC)
Women in Grassroots Governance (WIG)
Women in Communities
The Women in Communities (WIC) is organizing and capability building program for women in resettlement areas. Under the WIC program, the organizing initiatives begin with the setting up of the St. Marie Eugenie Learning Center - pre-school for children aged 4–5 that also provides daily feeding to address the problem of malnutrition. The program includes organizing mothers' classes on 4 K,s Kabuhayan, Kalusugan,Kalikasan,Katatagan, and forming mothers’ community organization.
Women in Grassroots Governance
Women in Grassroots Governance (WIG) is women empowering program which involves not just rights-based training but also increasing women's participation in local governance. In line with this objective, women have been organized into a federated, SEC-registered sectoral organization with a functional structure designed to implement plans and programs focused on the K-4 framework in their respective communities.
The WIG program also includes training of our K-4 leaders in processes that will ensure active participation in local special bodies at the barangay governance level.
The Barangay Governance Support Project, provides barangays with technical support in poverty mapping through the Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS), and trains barangay officials, especially women officials, in the conduct of participatory Barangay Development Planning with particular emphasis on the inclusion of the women's agenda.
The Local Women Leadership project, identifies the women in KAGABAY communities and organizations who have the potential for public service; the program provides these potential leaders with training on running an electoral campaign, development of a campaign platform; and network with other elected barangay women for solidarity and the development of a common women’s agenda.
Special Concerns
Working with women as a sector, inevitably brings in the related issues of other sectors, like the urban poor sector, the informal workers sector, children sector, youth and senior citizens sectors.
KAGABAY'S role is to facilitate and provide technical services to the various sectoral organizations and formations that seek to partner with KAGABAY in their engagements with government.
KAGABAY works with various agencies of government to facilitate the responses of these agencies towards the issues and concerns of the various sectors through the inter-agency mechanism that is co-sponsored by the government agency involved.
Cooperation
KAGABAY's Agency Partners are:
National Government Agencies (NGAs)
National Housing Authority (NHA)
Presidential Commission on Urban Poor
Department of Agriculture
Peoples Credit and Finance Corporation
Department of Science and Technology
Department of Education (DepEd)
Commission on Filipinos Overseas
People's Credit and Finance Corporation
Office of the President
Local Government Units (LGUs)
City of Parañaque
Mayor Strike Revilla of the City Bacoor, Cavite
Mayor Oreta of Malabon
Mayor Berris of Calauan, Laguna
Non-Government Organisations (NGOs)
PHINMA
Coffee Bean & Tea Leaf
Security Bank Foundation inc.
Nourish the Children Foundation
Miriam College
Approtech Asia / Engender Network
Assumption College Alumni Association
AIESEC
PhilSEN
LBC Foundation
Philippine Good Works Mission Foundation
Wadah Foundation
Supporting Kagabay
KAGABAY establishes partnerships with various national government agencies, local governments, non-government organizations, private and corporate donors, as well as the international donor community, to provide its services in the areas where it present.
KAGABAY also supports other marginalized sectors such as the youth sector, the senior citizens sector, the urban poor, workers in the informal economy and the rest of the 14 Basic Sectors specified under Republic Act 8425, or the Social Reform law, also known as the NAPC law.
References
External links
http://www.facebook.com/pages/Kagabay
https://web.archive.org/web/20120326172447/http://cbmsphilippines.webs.com/
http://www.sec.gov.ph/
https://web.archive.org/web/20131118114600/http://paranaque.gov.ph/
Non-profit organizations based in the Philippines
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakob%20Blankenburg
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Jakob Blankenburg
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Jakob Blankenburg (born 5 August 1997) is a German politician of the Social Democratic Party (SPD) who has been serving as a member of the German Bundestag since 2021, representing the Lüchow-Dannenberg – Lüneburg district.
Early life and education
From 2015 to 2021, Blankenburg studied political science at Leibniz University Hannover. During his studies, he did an internship with Lars Klingbeil.
Political career
In parliament, Blankenburg has been serving on the Committee on the Environment, Nature Conservation, Nuclear Safety and Consumer Protection and the Parliamentary Advisory Board on Sustainable Development.
Within his parliamentary group, Blankenburg belongs to the Parliamentary Left, a left-wing movement.
References
1997 births
Living people
Members of the Bundestag 2021–2025
Members of the Bundestag for the Social Democratic Party of Germany
21st-century German politicians
University of Hanover alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20Socca%20World%20Cup
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2023 Socca World Cup
|
The 2023 Socca World Cup was held from 2 to 11 June 2023 in Essen, Germany. The official draw was held on 27 April 2023. Kazakhstan became the world champions defeating Ukraine in the final. Mexico took third place.
Group stage
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Group E
Group F
Group G
Group H
Group I
Group J
Group K
Knockout phase
Bracket
Round of 32
Round of 16
Quarterfinals
Semifinals
Third place
Final
External links
Official website
Socca Federation website
References
Sport in Essen
June 2023 sports events in Germany
Socca World Cup
International association football competitions hosted by Germany
2023 in European football
2022–23 in German football
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athanasios%20Gerolymos
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Athanasios Gerolymos
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Nasos Gerolymos (; born 13 December 1995) is a Greek footballer, who plays for Diagoras in the Football League 2 as a left back.
References
1995 births
Living people
Ethnikos Piraeus F.C. players
Panelefsiniakos F.C. players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Athens
Greek men's footballers
21st-century Greek people
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Maine%20%28County%20Kerry%29
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River Maine (County Kerry)
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The River Maine () is a river in County Kerry, Ireland.
History and legend
According to an ancient tradition recorded in Lebor Gabála Érenn, three rivers "burst forth" during the reign of Fíachu Labrainne as High King of Ireland. One was Innbhear Mainge — the Maine. The Annals of the Four Masters contains the same story, but spells it Mand.
The Metrical Dindshenchas records Inber Cíchmaine, cid cress, gáet co líth-baile láech-bress Maine ergna, úais ella, mac Medba ocus Ailella. ("At Inber Cichmaine, though it be narrow, was slain (a mighty onslaught) far-famed Maine, son of Medb and Ailell, exulting in fury of warlike combats.")
A possible etymology is from Old Irish mang, referring to a fawn or young deer.
The Maine was the traditional division of the Kingdom of Desmond: south of the Maine was controlled by the Gaelic MacCarthys, while north of the Maine was controlled by the Norman Earl of Desmond. A castle on the boundary was constructed on a stone bridge over the river at Castle Maine.
Course
The River Maine rises at Tobermaing and flows westwards. It passes through Castleisland and under the N23, then meets its main tributary, the Brown Flesk. It continues through Currans and is bridged by the N22. In Castlemaine it passes under the N70, flows past the Ardcanaght Stones and enters the harbour.
Pollution
In 2014 the river was reported as polluted with ammonia.
Wildlife
The River Maine is a noted salmon and sea trout fishery. The brook lamprey also lives in it.
See also
Rivers of Ireland
References
Rivers of County Kerry
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pender%20Harbour%2C%20British%20Columbia
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Pender Harbour, British Columbia
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Pender Harbour (ḵalpilin in she shashishalhem) is a harbour on British Columbia's Sunshine Coast, on the east side of Malaspina Strait. The name Pender Harbour also refers collectively to the surrounding unincorporated communities of Madeira Park, Kleindale, Irvines Landing, and Garden Bay, within the Sunshine Coast Regional District (SCRD).
The harbour itself is an intricate amalgam of bays and coves that encroach inland for five kilometres and provide over 60 kilometres of shoreline. Once a vibrant shíshálh village site, steamer stop, a fishing village, and an important logging and medical waypoint, it is now home to a population of under 3,000, with over 40% of property owners being non-resident (one of them Joni Mitchell, since the early 1970s).
Tourism is an important part of the local economy. The area has an arts community and several annual music festivals. It hosts the second-oldest May Day celebration in British Columbia and the biggest and longest-running downhill longboard race in Canada, Attack of Danger Bay.
Name origin
The name "Pender Harbour" was given in 1860 by Captain G.H. Richards, RN, in honour of Daniel Pender, RN ( - 1891). Pender arrived on the coast as second master of the survey vessel Plumper on 9 November 1857. He later served as master of the Plumper and the Hecate, and commander of the Beaver (hired from the Hudson's Bay Company for hydrographic work) from 1863-70. He was subsequently an assistant at the Hydrographic Office in London from 1871-84.
History
Prior to European contact, ḵalpilin (Pender Harbour) was one of the most populous and powerful regions in the shíshálh swiya (world, "territory"). Several villages shared the well-protected home sites and productive harvest locations of the harbour, including sex̱wʔamin (Garden Bay), p’ukwp’akwem (Bargain Harbour), salalus (Madeira Park), smishalin (Kleindale), and kwayahkuhlohss (Myer’s Creek).
In political and economic terms, the village of sex̱wʔamin, could be considered one of the most important residential locations of the shíshálh Nation. It was a year-round village that, by virtue of its location, served as the gateway to transportation corridors on sinkwu (Georgia Strait and Malaspina Strait) and lekw'emin (Jervis Inlet) via lilkw'emin (Agamemnon Channel). Together with the village of klayahkwohss (Buccaneer Bay) on sx̱welap (Thormanby Island) to the south, it also served as a primary location for winter dances and ceremonials.
With the increase in European settlement in ḵalpilin (Pender Harbour) during the early 20th century, many resident shíshálh were forced to move to sexaliten (Skardon Islands), the small islets at the harbour entrance with no access to fresh water.
See also
Francis Point Provincial Park
References
External links
Pender Harbour & District Chamber of Commerce
Populated places in the Sunshine Coast Regional District
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Marinas in Canada
Transport buildings and structures in British Columbia
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Bound for Glory (2023)
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The 2023 Bound for Glory was a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. It took place on October 21, 2023, at Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois. It was the 19th event under the Bound for Glory chronology, and the second to be held in the Chicagoland area, following the 2019 event. The event also featured various wrestlers from partner promotion New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW).
Eight matches were contested at the event, including one taped for a episode of Impact Main Event Mondays. In the main event, Alex Shelley defeated Josh Alexander to retain the Impact World Championship. In other prominent matches, Trinity defeated Mickie James to retain the Impact Knockouts World Championship, Will Ospreay defeated Mike Bailey and in the opening contest, Chris Sabin defeated Kenta to retain the Impact X Division Championship.
The event was notable for the Impact Wrestling debut of Sonny Kiss, and the returns of Juventud Guerrera and Matt Cardona. The event was also the final pay-per-view under the Impact Wrestling banner, as the promotion will revert to the revived moniker of Total Nonstop Action Wrestling at Hard To Kill.
Production
Background
Bound for Glory is a professional wrestling pay-per-view (PPV) event produced by Impact Wrestling. The event was created in 2005 to serve as the company's flagship PPV event, similar to WWE's WrestleMania, in which wrestlers competed in various professional wrestling match types in what was the culmination of many feuds and storylines that occurred during the calendar year. On January 25, 2023, it was announced by Impact Wrestling that Bound for Glory would take place on October 21, 2023, at Cicero Stadium in Cicero, Illinois, a suburb just outside Chicago.
Storylines
The event featured several professional wrestling matches, which involve different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds, plots, and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed heroes, villains, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that build tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches. Storylines are produced on Impact's weekly television program.
At Emergence, Impact announced that NJPW's IWGP United States Heavyweight Champion Will Ospreay will return to the company at Bound for Glory. His opponent was later revealed as Mike Bailey on Week 2 of [[Impact 1000|Impact! 1000]], a match that was originally scheduled for Multiverse United in March before Ospreay sustained an injury.
On the April 6 episode of Impact!, due to a torn triceps, Josh Alexander was forced to vacate the Impact World Championship. In his absence, Steve Maclin and later Alex Shelley would hold the title, with Alexander returning to confront Shelley at the end of Slammiversary. In the following weeks, Shelley took exception to Alexander calling the Impact World Championship "his" title, since he was never beaten for it. The two would continue to be reluctant allies, however, Shelley would at points abandon Alexander whenever the latter was in trouble, such as at Emergence. On Week 2 of Impact! 1000, Impact announced that Alexander will challenge Shelley for the Impact World Championship at Bound for Glory.
On the September 28 Impact!, after Chris Sabin retained the Impact X Division Championship against Alan Angels, a video package played announcing the Impact return of Kenta at Bound for Glory. Later in the night, Impact announced that Sabin will defend the X Division title against Kenta at the event.
On the April 13 Impact!, Mickie James was forced to vacate the Impact Knockouts World Championship due to a broken rib. Deonna Purrazzo and Trinity would become champion in James' absence. On Week 1 of Impact! 1000, James made her return from the injury, teaming with current champion Trinity to win a 10-Knockout tag team match on Week 2. Although during the post-match celebration, James was noticeably eyeing Trinity's title belt. On the following week's episode, Trinity defeated Gisele Shaw in a non-title main event, before being ambushed by Shaw and the SHAWntourage (Savannah Evans and Jai Vidal). However, James would emerge to help the champion fend off Shaw's associates. James later spoke to Trinity about how she earned her title but reminded her that she never lost it herself. James would challenge Trinity to a Knockouts World Championship match at Bound for Glory, which Impact made official on their website.
On the September 28 episode of Impact!, the Call Your Shot Gauntlet was announced for Bound for Glory, with the winner as always earning a trophy they can use to invoke a championship opportunity of their choice at any time and place. A ten-person tag team match would be announced for the following week, with Champagne Singh, Dirty Dango, Eric Young, Jake Something, and Jordynne Grace defeating Bully Ray, Brian Myers, Shera, Jody Threat, and KiLynn King. The following week, the five of them would go on to face each other, where Dango – with help from Oleg Prudius (formerly Vladimir Kozlov in WWE) – pinned Something to earn the last entry spot in the gauntlet match, and Something was forced into the first entry spot.
At Slammiversary, ABC (Ace Austin and Chris Bey) defended their Impact World Tag Team Championship against Brian Myers and Moose, Rich Swann and Sami Callihan, and Subculture (Mark Andrews and Flash Morgan Webster). At the closing moments of the match, The Rascalz (Trey Miguel and Zachary Wentz) appeared and neutralized ABC from the match, allowing Andrews to pin Myers and Subculture to win the titles. On the subsequent episode of Impact!, ABC invoked their rematch clause to challenge Subculture for the titles, but lost once again due to interference from the Rascalz. At Emergence, The Rascalz would defeat Subculture to win the tag team titles, when outside interference from Dani Luna, ABC and The Good Hands (John Skyler and Jason Hotch) allowed Miguel to blind Webster with spray paint before pinning him. On the first week of Impact! 1000, Bey competed in the Feast or Fired match, securing Briefcase 3 which contained a tag team title opportunity. On October 5, Impact announced that Bey and Austin would invoke this opportunity at Bound for Glory for the Impact World Tag Team Championship. On the October 12 Impact!'', The Rascalz successfully defended the titles against Rich Swann and Sami Callihan, now going on to face ABC at Bound for Glory.
Results
Call Your Shot Gauntlet entrances and eliminations
Notes
References
2023 Impact Wrestling pay-per-view events
2023 in professional wrestling
Events in Chicago
October 2023 events in the United States
Professional wrestling in the Chicago metropolitan area
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Kineton High School
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Kineton High School is a mixed secondary school located in South Warwickshire, England within the village of Kineton. It is a non-selective academy school with a sixth form.
History
Prior to the school's construction, the village school had moved from premises to premises to meet the growth in enrolment. Students from Kineton and surrounding villages transferred to the newly built school when it opened. The school building has remained largely the same since then. A swimming pool was built with help from the local community in 1972 with money raised by students doing a sponsored walk. In October 1998, a cobweb was found to be covering the 4.54 hectare playing field, giving it the world record for the largest spider web outdoors. Specialist Sports College status was obtained in 2003. The school celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008. There was a fire in the sports centre in 2009. An artificial turf pitch for use in P.E. was built on the field in the early 2010s. A new science block was completed in 2017, replacing seven dilapidated mobile classrooms, the most significant development at the school in 40 years. The school became an academy in September 2019, joining Stowe Valley Multi Academy Trust, having been a community school run by Warwickshire County Council previously. BBC Midlands Today interviewed students for a report on schools staying open during the COVID-19 pandemic in November 2020.
Headteachers
There have been six headteachers since the school opened:
Rebuild
The school is to be rebuilt after being named one of the first 50 schools chosen as part of the Government's School Rebuilding Programme. All the school buildings are set to be demolished with the exception of the science block, which was completed in 2017, and replaced by a new three-storey teaching block and sports hall.
Academic performance
In 2013 the school was in the Specialist Schools and Academies Trust list of top 20 per cent of schools for high attainment in end of Key Stage 4 and the Financial Times’ top 1,000 schools list for post 16 performance.
International links
The school is partnered with Sanghamitta Balika Vidyalaya, a girls' school in Sri Lanka.
Notable former pupils
William Beck (actor)
Andy Palmer (former CEO of Aston Martin)
References
External links
School website
DfE information
Secondary schools in Warwickshire
Educational institutions established in 1958
1958 establishments in England
Academies in Warwickshire
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reginald%20Fessenden
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Reginald Fessenden
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Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, who did a majority of his work in the United States and also claimed U.S. citizenship through his American-born father. During his life he received hundreds of patents in various fields, most notably ones related to radio and sonar.
Fessenden is best known for his pioneering work developing radio technology, including the foundations of amplitude modulation (AM) radio. His achievements included the first transmission of speech by radio (1900), and the first two-way radiotelegraphic communication across the Atlantic Ocean (1906). In 1932 he reported that, in late 1906, he also made the first radio broadcast of entertainment and music, although a lack of verifiable details has led to some doubts about this claim.
Early years
Reginald Fessenden was born October 6, 1866, in East Bolton, Canada East, the eldest of the Reverend Elisha Joseph Fessenden and Clementina Trenholme's four children. Elisha Fessenden was a Church of England in Canada minister, and the family moved to a number of postings throughout the province of Ontario.
While growing up Fessenden attended a number of educational institutions. At the young age of nine he was enrolled in the DeVeaux Military school for a year. He next attended Trinity College School in Port Hope, Ontario, from 1877 until the summer of 1879. He also spent a year working for the Imperial Bank at Woodstock because he had not yet reached the age of 16 needed to enroll in college.
At the age of fourteen, he returned to his hometown in the Eastern Townships and went to the nearby Bishop's College School, which granted him a mathematics mastership (teaching job) and a scholarship for studying in its college division at University of Bishop's College. Thus, while Fessenden was still a teenager, he taught mathematics to the school's younger students (some older than himself) for four years, while simultaneously studying natural sciences with older students at the college.
At the age of eighteen, Fessenden left Bishop's without having been awarded a degree, although he had "done substantially all the work necessary", in order to accept a position at the Whitney Institute, near to Flatts Village in Bermuda, where for the next two years he worked as the headmaster and sole teacher. (This lack of a degree may have hurt Fessenden's employment opportunities. When McGill University in Montreal established an electrical engineering department, his application to become its chairman was turned down.) While in Bermuda, he became engaged to Helen May Trott of Smith's Parish. They married on September 21, 1890, in the United States at Manhattan in New York City, and later had a son, Reginald Kennelly Fessenden, born May 7, 1893, in Lafayette, Allen, Indiana.
Early work
Fessenden's classical education provided him with only a limited amount of scientific and technical training. Interested in increasing his skills in the electrical field, he moved to New York City in 1886, with hopes of gaining employment with the famous inventor, Thomas Edison. However, his initial attempts were rebuffed; in his first application Fessenden wrote, "Do not know anything about electricity, but can learn pretty quick," to which Edison replied, "Have enough men now who do not know about electricity." However, Fessenden persevered, and before the end of the year was hired for a semi-skilled position as an assistant tester for the Edison Machine Works, which was laying underground electrical mains in New York City. He quickly proved his worth, and received a series of promotions, with increasing responsibility for the project. In late 1886, Fessenden began working directly for Edison at the inventor's new laboratory in West Orange, New Jersey, as a junior technician. He participated in a broad range of projects, which included work in solving problems in chemistry, metallurgy, and electricity. However, in 1890, facing financial problems, Edison was forced to lay off most of the laboratory employees, including Fessenden. (Fessenden remained an admirer of Edison his entire life, and in 1925 stated that "there is only one figure in history which stands in the same rank as him as an inventor, i. e. Archimedes".)
Taking advantage of his recent practical experience, Fessenden was able to find positions with a series of manufacturing companies. In 1892, he received an appointment as professor for the newly formed Electrical Engineering department at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana; while there he helped the Westinghouse Corporation install the lighting for the 1893 Chicago World Columbian Exposition. Later that year, George Westinghouse personally recruited Fessenden for the newly created position of chair of the Electrical Engineering department at the Western University of Pennsylvania in Pittsburgh (now the University of Pittsburgh).
Radio work
In the late 1890s, reports began to appear about the success Guglielmo Marconi was having in developing a practical system of transmitting and receiving radio signals, then commonly known as "wireless telegraphy". Fessenden began limited radio experimentation, and soon came to the conclusion that he could develop a far more efficient system than the spark-gap transmitter and coherer-receiver combination which had been created by Oliver Lodge and Marconi. By 1899 he was able to send radiotelegraph messages between Pittsburgh and Allegheny City (now an area of Pittsburgh), using a receiver of his own design.
Weather Bureau contract
In 1900 Fessenden left Pittsburgh to work for the United States Weather Bureau, with the objective of demonstrating the practicality of using coastal stations to transmit weather information, thereby avoiding the expense of the existing telegraph lines. The contract called for him to be paid $3,000 per year and provided with work space, assistance, and housing. Fessenden would retain ownership of any inventions, but the agreement also gave the Weather Bureau royalty-free use of any discoveries made during the term of the contract. Fessenden quickly made major advances, especially in receiver design, as he worked to develop audio reception of signals. His initial success came from the invention of a barretter detector. This was followed by an electrolytic detector, consisting of a fine wire dipped in nitric acid, which for the next few years set the standard for sensitivity in radio reception.
As his work progressed, Fessenden also developed the heterodyne principle, which used two closely spaced radio signals to produce an audible tone that made Morse code transmissions much easier to hear. However, heterodyne reception would not become practical for a decade after it was invented, because it required a method for producing a stable local signal, which would not become available until the development of the oscillating vacuum-tube.
Fessenden's initial Weather Bureau work took place at Cobb Island, Maryland, located in the Potomac River about downstream from Washington, D.C. As the experimentation expanded, additional stations were built along the Atlantic Coast in North Carolina and Virginia. However, in the midst of promising advances, Fessenden became embroiled in disputes with his sponsor. In particular, he charged that Bureau Chief Willis Moore had attempted to gain a half-share of the patents. Fessenden refused to sign over the rights, and his work for the Weather Bureau ended in August 1902.
National Electric Signaling Company
In November 1902, two wealthy Pittsburgh businessmen, Hay Walker Jr. and Thomas H. Given, financed the formation of the National Electric Signaling Company (NESCO) to support Fessenden's research. Initially the new company was based in Washington, D.C., where a station was constructed for experimental and demonstration purposes. Two additional demonstration stations were constructed at Collingswood, New Jersey (near Philadelphia) and Jersey City, New Jersey (near New York City). In 1904 an attempt was made to link the General Electric plants in Schenectady, New York, and Lynn, Massachusetts, a distance of , however the effort was unsuccessful.
Efforts to sell equipment to the U.S. and other governments, as well as private companies, met with little success. An ongoing area of conflict, especially with the U.S. Navy, were the high prices Fessenden tried to charge. The Navy in particular felt Fessenden's quotes were too far above the device's manufacturing costs to be considered reasonable, and contracted with other companies to build equipment that used Fessenden designs. This led to bad feelings and a series of patent infringement lawsuits. An alternate plan to sell the company as a whole was unsuccessful in finding a buyer. Eventually a radical change in company orientation took place. In 1904 it was decided to compete with the existing ocean cables, by setting up a transatlantic radiotelegraph link. The headquarters for company operations was moved to Brant Rock, Massachusetts, which was to be the western terminal for the proposed new service.
Rotary-spark transmitter and the first two-way transatlantic transmission
The plan was to conduct the transatlantic service using Fessenden-designed rotary spark-gap transmitters. A 420-foot (128 meter) guyed antenna was constructed at Brant Rock, with a similar tower erected at Machrihanish in western Scotland. In January 1906, these stations made the first successful two-way transmission across the Atlantic, exchanging Morse code messages. (Marconi had only achieved one-way transmissions at this time.) However, the system was unable to reliably bridge this distance when the sun was up, or during the summer months when interference levels were higher, so work was suspended until later in the year. Then, on December 6, 1906, the Machrihanish radio tower collapsed in a gale, abruptly ending the transatlantic project before it could begin commercial service. (A detailed review in Engineering magazine blamed the collapse on sub-standard construction, due to "the way in which the joints were made by the man employed for the purpose by the sub-contractors to whom the work was entrusted by the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company" and "The only wonder is that the tower did not fall before.")
In a letter published in the January 19, 1907, issue of Scientific American, Fessenden discounted the effect of the tower collapse, stating that "The working up to the date of the accident was, however, so successful that the directors of the National Electric Signaling Company have decided that it is unnecessary to carry on the experimental developments any further, and specifications are being drawn up for the erection of five stations for doing transatlantic and other cable work, and a commercial permit is being applied for in England." However, the tower collapse did in fact mark the end of NESCO's transatlantic efforts.
Audio transmissions
Fessenden had a very early interest in the possibility of making audio radio transmissions, in contrast to the early spark-gap transmissions that could only transmit Morse code messages. As early as 1891, he had investigated sending alternating currents of varying frequencies along telegraph lines, in order to create a multiplex telegraph system. He would later apply the knowledge gained about tuning and resonance from his alternating current electrical work to the higher frequency currents used in radio, in order to develop the concept of continuous-wave radio signals.
Fessenden's basic approach was disclosed in U.S. Patent 706,737, which he applied for on May 29, 1901, and was issued the next year. It called for the use of a high-speed alternator (referred to as "an alternating-current dynamo") that generated "pure sine waves" and produced "a continuous train of radiant waves of substantially uniform strength", or, in modern terminology, a continuous-wave (CW) transmitter. The idea of using continuous-wave radio signals was in direct conflict with the current orthodoxy that the abrupt "whiplash" effect produced by large electrical sparks was needed in order to create adequately strong signals. John Ambrose Fleming, a Marconi associate, was particularly dismissive in his book The Principles of Electric Wave Telegraphy, a detailed review of the state of the art as he saw it that was published in 1906. Reviewing Fessenden's patent, he wrote that "The creation of an electric wave seems to involve a certain suddenness in the beginning of the oscillations, and an alternator giving a simple sine-curve would not be likely to produce the required effect..." (In view of Fessenden's ultimate success, this statement disappeared from the book's 1916 edition.) Fessenden's next step, taken from standard wire-telephone practice, was to insert a simple carbon microphone into the transmission line, which was used to modulate the carrier wave signal for audio transmissions, or, again using modern terms, used to produce amplitude modulated (AM) radio signals.
Fessenden began his research on audio transmissions while still on Cobb Island. Because he did not yet have a continuous-wave transmitter, initially he worked with an experimental "high-frequency spark" transmitter, taking advantage of the fact that the higher the spark rate, the closer a spark-gap transmission comes to producing continuous waves. He later reported that, on December 23, 1900, he successfully transmitted speech over a distance of about 1.6 kilometers (one mile), saying; “One, two, three, four. Is It snowing where you are, Mr. Thiessen? If so, telegraph back and let me know”, which appears to have been the first successful audio transmission using radio signals. However, at this time the sound was far too distorted to be commercially practical, although as a test this did show that with further refinements it would become possible to effectively transmit sounds by radio. Others claim the honor of using radiowaves to transmit their voice goes to the Brazilian priest and inventor Roberto Landell de Moura some months earlier, with reports saying the transmission reached 8 km on June 3, 1900.
For a time Fessenden continued working with more sophisticated high-frequency spark transmitters, including versions that used compressed air, which began to take on some of the characteristics of arc-transmitters patented by Valdemar Poulsen. Fessenden unsuccessfully attempted to sell this form of radiotelephone, later noting: "In 1904, with a 20,000 frequency spark and compressed nitrogen gap, such good results were obtained that a demonstration was given to a number of electrical engineers, who signed affidavits that they considered the articulation as commercially good over twenty-five miles, and the sets were advertised for sale..." (In a 1908 review, he conceded that with this approach "The transmission was, however, still not absolutely perfect.")
Alternator-transmitter
Fessenden's ultimate plan for an audio-capable transmitter was to take a basic electrical alternator, which normally rotated at speeds that produced alternating current of at most a few hundred cycles-per-second (Hz), and greatly increase its rotational speed, in order to create electrical currents of tens-of-thousands of cycles-per-second (kHz), thus producing a steady continuous-wave transmission when connected to an aerial. However, it would take many years of expensive development before even a prototype alternator-transmitter would be ready, and a few years beyond that for high-power versions to become available. One concern was whether at these high speeds the alternator might disintegrate due to the high rotation speed tearing it apart. Because of this, as a precaution, while the alternator was being initially developed it was "placed in a pit surrounded by sandbags".
Fessenden contracted with General Electric (GE) to help design and produce a series of high-frequency alternator-transmitters. In 1903, Charles Proteus Steinmetz of GE delivered a 10 kHz version which proved of limited use and could not be directly used as a radio transmitter. Fessenden's request for a faster, more powerful unit was assigned to Ernst F. W. Alexanderson, who in August 1906 delivered an improved model which operated at a transmitting frequency of approximately 50 kHz, although with far less power than Fessenden's rotary-spark transmitters.
The alternator-transmitter achieved the goal of transmitting quality audio signals, but the lack of any way to amplify the signals meant they were somewhat weak. On December 21, 1906, Fessenden made an extensive demonstration of the new alternator-transmitter at Brant Rock, showing its utility for point-to-point wireless telephony, including interconnecting his stations to the wire telephone network. As part of the demonstration, speech was transmitted 18 kilometers (11 miles) to a listening site at Plymouth, Massachusetts. A detailed review of this demonstration appeared in The American Telephone Journal and a summary by Fessenden appeared in Scientific American. A portion of a report produced by Greenleaf W. Pickard of the Telephone Company's Boston office, which includes additional information on some still existing defects, appeared in Ernst Ruhmer's Wireless Telephony in Theory and Practice.
Although primarily designed for transmissions spanning a few kilometers, on a couple of occasions the test Brant Rock audio transmissions were apparently overheard by NESCO employee James C. Armor across the Atlantic at the Machrihanish site.
First entertainment radio broadcast
Until the early 1930s, it was generally accepted that Lee de Forest, who conducted a series of test broadcasts beginning in 1907, and who was widely quoted promoting the potential of organized radio broadcasting, was the first person to transmit music and entertainment by radio. De Forest's first entertainment broadcast occurred in February 1907, when he transmitted electronic telharmonium music from his laboratory station in New York City. This was followed by tests that included, in the fall, Eugenia Farrar singing "I Love You Truly". (Beginning in 1904, the U.S. Navy had broadcast daily time signals and weather reports, but these employed spark transmitters, transmitting in Morse code).
In 1928, as part of a lecture reviewing "The Early History of Radio in the United States", H. P. Davis, commenting on entertainment offerings, asserted that "Reginald Fessenden, probably the first to attempt this, broadcast a program Christmas Eve 1906", but did not provide any additional details, and his comment was little noticed at the time.
The first widely publicized information about Fessenden's early broadcasts did not appear until 1932, when an article prepared by former Fessenden associate Samuel M. Kintner, "Pittsburgh's Contributions to Radio", appeared in the December 1932 issue of The Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers. This reviewed information included in a January 29, 1932, letter sent by Fessenden to Kintner. (Fessenden subsequently died five months before Kintner's article appeared). In this account, Fessenden reported that on the evening of December 24, 1906 (Christmas Eve), he had made the first of two radio broadcasts of music and entertainment to a general audience, using the alternator-transmitter at Brant Rock. Fessenden remembered producing a short program that included a phonograph record of Ombra mai fu (Largo) by George Frideric Handel, followed by Fessenden playing Adolphe Adam's carol O Holy Night on the violin and singing Adore and be Still by Gounod, and closing with a biblical passage: "Glory to God in the highest and on earth peace to men of good will" (Luke 2:14). He also stated that a second short program was broadcast on December 31 (New Year's Eve). The intended audience for both of these transmissions was primarily shipboard radio operators along the Atlantic seaboard. Fessenden claimed that the two programs had been widely publicized in advance, and the Christmas Eve broadcast had been heard "as far down" as Norfolk, Virginia, while the New Year Eve's broadcast had reached listeners in the West Indies.
Anticipation of the 2006 centennial anniversary of Fessenden's reported broadcasts brought renewed interest, as well as additional questions. A key issue was why, despite Fessenden's assertion that the two programs had been widely heard, there did not appear to be any independent corroborating evidence for his account. (Even the Helen Fessenden biography relies exclusively on details contained in the January 29, 1932, letter used by the Kintner article.) There was general consensus in the centennial discussions that Fessenden had the technical means to make broadcasts, given the widespread reports about the success of the December 21 alternator-transmitter demonstrations. However, because of the station's very low power, even if the broadcasts had taken place it was questionable if the range could have matched Fessenden's claim of being heard hundreds of kilometers away.
In the period leading up to the centennial, James E. O'Neal conducted extensive research, but did not find any ships' radio log accounts, or any contemporary literature, to confirm the reported holiday broadcasts. A follow-up article two years later further reported that a similar attempt to verify the details of the broadcasts had taken place in 1956, which had also failed to uncover any confirmation of Fessenden's statements. One alternate possibility proposed by O'Neal was that perhaps something similar to what Fessenden remembered could have taken place during a series of tests conducted in 1909. A review by Donna L. Halper and Christopher H. Sterling suggested that debating the existence of the holiday broadcasts was ignoring the fact that, in their opinion, the December 21 demonstration, which included the playing of a phonograph record, in itself qualified to be considered an entertainment broadcast. Jack Belrose flatly argued that there was no reason to doubt Fessenden's account, in part because it had not been challenged in the years immediately following publication of the Kintner article. Although Fessenden's claim for the first radio broadcast in 1906 is recognized as an IEEE Milestone, in view of the contrasting opinions among radio historians, Mike Adams summarized the situation as "More than 100 years after its possible occurrence, the Fessenden 'first broadcaster' controversy continues."
The American Telephone Journal account of the December 21 alternator-transmitter demonstration included the statement that "It is admirably adapted to the transmission of news, music, etc. as, owing to the fact that no wires are needed, simultaneous transmission to many subscribers can be effected as easily as to a few", echoing the words of a handout distributed to the demonstration witnesses, which stated "[Radio] Telephony is admirably adapted for transmitting news, stock quotations, music, race reports, etc. simultaneously over a city, on account of the fact that no wires are needed and a single apparatus can distribute to ten thousand subscribers as easily as to a few. It is proposed to erect stations for this purpose in the large cities here and abroad." However, other than the two reported holiday transmissions, Fessenden does not appear to have conducted any other radio broadcasts, or to have even given additional thought about the potential of a regular broadcast service. In a 1908 comprehensive review of "Wireless Telephony", he included a section titled "possibilities" that listed promising radio telephone uses. Neither the main article, nor this list, makes any reference to broadcasting, instead only noting conventional applications of point-to-point communication, enumerated as "local exchanges", "long-distance lines", "transmarine transmission", "wireless telephony from ship to ship", and "wireless telephone from ship to local exchange".
Continuing work and dismissal from NESCO
The technical achievements made by Fessenden were not matched by financial success. Walker and Given continued to hope to sell NESCO to a larger company such as the American Telephone & Telegraph Company (AT&T). After the December 21, 1906, demonstrations, AT&T was said to be planning to acquire NESCO, but financial setbacks caused the telephone company to reconsider, and NESCO was unable to find another buyer. There were growing strains between Fessenden and the company owners, and Fessenden's formation of the Fessenden Wireless Company of Canada in Montreal in 1906 may have led to suspicion that he was trying to freeze Walker and Given out of a potentially lucrative competing transatlantic service. The final break occurred in January 1911, when Fessenden was formally dismissed from NESCO. This resulted in his bringing suit against NESCO, for breach of contract. Fessenden won the initial court trial and was awarded damages; however, NESCO prevailed on appeal. To conserve assets, NESCO went into receivership in 1912, and Samuel Kintner was appointed general manager of the company. The legal stalemate would continue for over 15 years. In 1917, NESCO finally emerged from receivership, and was soon renamed the International Radio Telegraph Company. The company limped along for a few years, until it was sold to the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company in 1920, and the next year its assets, including numerous important Fessenden patents, were sold to the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), which also inherited the longstanding Fessenden legal proceedings. Finally, on March 31, 1928, Fessenden settled his outstanding lawsuits with RCA, receiving a significant cash settlement.
Later years
After Fessenden left NESCO, Ernst Alexanderson continued to work on alternator-transmitter development at General Electric, mostly for long range radiotelegraph use. He eventually developed the high-powered Alexanderson alternator, capable of transmitting across the Atlantic, and by 1916 the Fessenden-Alexanderson alternator was more reliable for transoceanic communication than the spark transmitters which were originally used to provide this service. Also, after 1920 radio broadcasting became widespread, and although the stations used vacuum-tube transmitters rather than alternator-transmitters (which vacuum-tubes made obsolete), they employed the same continuous-wave AM signals that Fessenden had introduced in 1906.
Although Fessenden ceased radio research after his dismissal from NESCO in 1911, he continued to work in other fields. As early as 1904 he had helped engineer the Niagara Falls power plant for the newly formed Hydro-Electric Power Commission of Ontario. However, his most extensive work was in marine communication as consulting engineer with the Submarine Signal Company which built a widely used aid to navigation using bells, termed a submarine signal, acting much as an underwater foghorn. While there, he invented the Fessenden oscillator, an electromechanical transducer. Though the company immediately began replacing bells and primitive receivers on ships with the new device, it was also the basis for entirely new applications: underwater telegraphy and sonic distance measurement. The later was the basis for sonar (SOund NAvigation Ranging), echo-sounding and the principle applied to radar (RAdio Detection And Ranging). The device was soon put to use for submarines to signal each other, as well as a method for locating icebergs, to help avoid another disaster like the one that sank Titanic. While the company quickly applied his invention to replace the bells of its systems and entered acoustic telegraphy it ignored the echo ranging potential. The echo sounding was invented in 1912 by German physicist Alexander Behm.
At the outbreak of World War I, Fessenden volunteered his services to the Canadian government and was sent to London where he developed a device to detect enemy artillery and another to locate enemy submarines. Other efforts included a version of microfilm, that helped him to keep a compact record of his inventions, projects and patents. He also patented the basic ideas leading to reflection seismology, a technique important for its use in exploring for petroleum, and received patents for diverse subjects that included tracer bullets, paging, television apparatus, and a turbo electric drive for ships.
An inveterate tinkerer, Fessenden eventually became the holder of more than 500 patents. He could often be found in a river or lake, floating on his back, a cigar sticking out of his mouth and a hat pulled down over his eyes. At home he liked to lie on the carpet, a cat on his chest. In this state of relaxation, Fessenden could imagine, invent and think his way to new ideas. Fessenden also had a reputation for being temperamental, although in his defense his wife later stated that "Fessenden was never a difficult man to W O R K with but he was an intensely difficult man to play politics with." However, one of his former assistants, Charles J. Pannill, recalled that "He was a great character, of splendid physique, but what a temper!", while a second, Roy Weagant, ruefully noted that "He could be very nice at times, but only at times."
In 1925, Radio News, saluting Fessenden as "one of the greatest American radio inventors", began a monthly autobiographical series titled "The Inventions of Reginald A. Fessenden", with the intention of publishing the completed installments as a book. However, instead of reviewing his radio work, Fessenden immediately went on a series of tangents, including discussions of which races he believed were the most capable of producing inventions, and the proper approach that government institutions should be taking in order to support inventors. (At the close of the seventh installment, Radio News included a disclaimer that it was "not responsible for any opinions expressed in Dr. Fessenden's article".) After eleven installments Fessenden had only covered his life up to 1893, having discussed virtually nothing about radio, and the series was quietly terminated at this point.
Awards
In 1921, the Institute of Radio Engineers presented Fessenden with its IRE Medal of Honor. The medallion was gold plated, and somehow Fessenden became convinced that earlier awards had been solid gold, so he angrily returned it. Only after Greenleaf W. Pickard investigated the matter and determined that the prior medals were also plated was Fessenden willing to relent. The next year Philadelphia's Board of Directors of City Trusts awarded Fessenden a John Scott Medal, which included a cash prize of $800, for "his invention of a reception scheme for continuous wave telegraphy and telephony", and recognized him as "One whose labors had been of great benefit." There was suspicion by Fessenden that these two awards had not been made in sincerity but in order to placate him. In his wife's biography, referring to the IRE medal, she quoted the proverb "beware of Greeks bearing gifts". The Scott Medal came under additional suspicion because it had been awarded at the suggestion of Westinghouse engineers, who were working for a company that had had financial disputes with Fessenden. In Helen Fessenden's opinion, "The Medal cost [Westinghouse] nothing and was a good 'sop to Cereberus'", and overall compared the medals to "small change for tips in the pockets of Big Business". In 1929 Fessenden was awarded Scientific American's Safety at Sea Gold Medal, in recognition of his invention "of the Fathometer and other safety instruments for safety at sea".
Death and legacy
After settling his lawsuit with RCA, Fessenden purchased a small estate called "Wistowe" (previously the home of Charles Maxwell Allen, the United States Consul, who had hosted Samuel Clemens there), in Hamilton Parish, near to Flatts Village in Bermuda. He died there on July 22, 1932, and was interred in the cemetery of St. Mark's Church, Bermuda. On the occasion of his death, an editorial in the New York Herald Tribune, "Fessenden Against the World", said:
It sometimes happens, even in science, that one man can be right against the world. Professor Fessenden was that man. It is ironic that among the hundreds of thousands of young radio engineers whose commonplaces of theory rest on what Professor Fessenden fought for bitterly and alone only a handful realize that the battle ever happened... It was he who insisted, against the stormy protests of every recognized authority, that what we now call radio was worked by "continuous waves" of the kind discovered by Hertz, sent through the ether by the transmitting station as light waves are sent out by a flame. Marconi and others insisted, instead, that what was happening was the so-called "whiplash effect"... It is probably not too much to say that the progress of radio was retarded a decade by this error... The whiplash theory faded gradually out of men's minds and was replaced by the continuous wave one with all too little credit to the man who had been right...
Beginning in 1961, the Society of Exploration Geophysicists has annually awarded its Reginald Fessenden Award to "a person who has made a specific technical contribution to exploration geophysics". In 1980, a Fessenden-Trott Scholarship was established at Purdue University's School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, in memory of Reginald Fessenden and his wife.
Reginald A. Fessenden House
Fessenden's home at 45 Waban Hill Road in the village of Chestnut Hill in Newton, Massachusetts, is on the National Register of Historic Places and is also a U.S. National Historic Landmark. He bought the house in 1906 or earlier and owned it for the rest of his life.
See also
Alexanderson alternator: used by Fessenden for his first radio broadcast.
Fessenden oscillator
List of Bishop's College School alumni
Reginald Fessenden patents
Sonar
References
Citations
General information
Hugh G. J. Aitken, The Continuous Wave: Technology and American Radio, 1900–1932. Princeton University Press. Princeton, New Jersey. 1985.
Ira Brodsky, "The History of Wireless: How Creative Minds Produced Technology for the Masses" (Telescope Books, 2008)
Susan J. Douglas, Inventing American Broadcasting, 1899–1922. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland. 1987.
Orrin E. Dunlap, Jr., Radio's 100 Men of Science, Reginald Aubrey Fessenden entry, p. 137–141. Harper & Brothers Publishers. New York. 1944.
Helen M. Fessenden, Fessenden: Builder of Tomorrows. Coward-McCann, Inc. New York. 1940.
Reginald A. Fessenden, "The Inventions of Reginald A. Fessenden" Radio News, 11 part series beginning with the January 1925 issue.
Reginald A. Fessenden, "Wireless Telephony," Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, XXXVII (1908): 553–629.
Gary L. Frost, "Inventing Schemes and Strategies: The Making and Selling of the Fessenden Oscillator," Technology and Culture 42, no. 3 (July 2001): 462–488.
S. M. Kintner, "Pittsburgh's Contributions to Radio," Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers, (December 1932): 1849–1862.
David W. Kraeuter, "The U. S. Patents of Reginald A. Fessenden". Pittsburgh Antique Radio Society, Inc., Washington Pennsylvania. 1990. OCLC record 20785626.
William M. McBride, "Strategic Determinism in Technology Selection: The Electric Battleship and U.S. Naval-Industrial Relations," Technology and Culture 33, no. 2 (April 1992): 248–277.
Patents
External links
(fessenden.ca)
The Start of Radio Broadcasting – Canadian Communication Foundation
1866 births
1932 deaths
People from Estrie
19th-century American inventors
20th-century American inventors
Anglophone Quebec people
Bishop's College School Faculty
Canadian inventors
IEEE Medal of Honor recipients
Persons of National Historic Significance (Canada)
Purdue University faculty
Radio pioneers
University of Pittsburgh faculty
Canadian emigrants to the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunbridge%20Wells%20Girls%27%20Grammar%20School
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Tunbridge Wells Girls' Grammar School
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Tunbridge Wells Girls' Grammar School (TWGGS), established in 1905, is an all-female selective school in Royal Tunbridge Wells, a town in Kent, England.
History
The school was established in 1905.
About the school
The "eleven plus" examination represents the main entrance criterion, along with residence within the catchment area (1.6 miles as of 2015) A small number of spaces are reserved for students outside the catchment area, which are called governess places. These are generally only given to students with high marks in the 11+. The current head mistress is Mrs Linda Wybar.
The school is a specialist school in Music with English. The school has taken part in many sporting events such as football, curling, hockey, netball and dance. There are 5 forms per year named 'T', 'W', 'I', 'G' and 'S', and each class has around 30 pupils.
Notable former pupils
Ellie Beaven, actress
Jo Brand, stand-up comedian
Nazaneen Ghaffar, television weather presenter
Rosalind Maskell, microbiologist
Ellie Miles, rugby player
Virginia Wade, tennis player
See also
Tonbridge Grammar School
Tunbridge Wells Boys' Grammar School
The Skinners' School
The Judd School
Weald of Kent Grammar School
The Skinners’ Kent Academy
References
External links
Ofsted Site
Results of Latest Ofsted Inspection
Key Stage 3 Achievement and Attainment Tables 2006
GCSE Achievement and Attainment Tables 2006
Grammar schools in Kent
Girls' schools in Kent
Schools in Royal Tunbridge Wells
Educational institutions established in 1905
1905 establishments in England
Foundation schools in Kent
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanna%20Herzog
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Hanna Herzog
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Hanna Herzog () is a professor of sociology at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Tel Aviv University and a senior research fellow and the academic director of the Civil Society forums at Van Leer Jerusalem Institute in
Jerusalem.
Academic career
She is among the founders of Woman and Gender Studies in Israel which has been in existence since 2000. She specializes in political sociology, political communication, and sociology of gender. She has published many articles on politics. These consist mainly of ethnic and racial relations and women in politics, Palestinian women citizens of Israel, and gender, religion and
politics.
Political activism
She has been active in the public sphere in political lobbying, and in the struggle
against gender discrimination. She has been a member and board member of the Israel
Women's Network (INW); headed the steering committee of the Research and
Information Center of the INW; is much in demand as a lecturer and advisor for
various women's organizations; is a member of the public forum for the advancement
of the status of women in science and academe; is active in the peace movement;
served on the public council to examine the structure of the regime in Israel
established by the President of Israel; is a member of the council to define military
service for women in Israel (2007).
Hanna Herzog has concentrated on the connection between society and politics in
Israel with special emphasis on minority groups striving for equality and full
integration. She uses the research and academic tools with which she is familiar to
advance the academic and political dialog between Jewish and Palestinian-Arab
women in Israel.
Published works
Books
Herzog is the author of numerous books and articles, including:
Political Ethnicity - The Image and the Reality, 1986 (Hebrew)
Realistic Women - Women in Israeli Local Politics, 1994 (Hebrew)
Gendering Politics - Women in Israel, University of Michigan Press, 1999
Sex Gender Politics - Women in Israel (Written with others) 1999 (Hebrew).
Herzog headed the Sociology Department of Tel Aviv University, headed the Society and
Politics Section at the Tel Aviv-Yafo Academic College from its inception in 1994 –
2001). She served as the president of the (International) Association for Israel Studies
(1999–2001), as the editor of the academic journal Israeli Sociology (2001–2005). She
is as member of the editorial boards of the academic journals in Hebrew and
international academic journals.
Articles
See also
Women in Israel
References
Feminist studies scholars
Gender studies academics
Israeli sociologists
Israeli women sociologists
Academic staff of Tel Aviv University
Living people
Israeli feminists
Year of birth missing (living people)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Deployment%20Toolkit
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Microsoft Deployment Toolkit
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Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT; originally released as Business Desktop Deployment in August 2003) is a free software package from Microsoft for automating the deployment of Windows 10, Server 2019 and older Windows Server and desktop operating systems.
Overview
MDT can help build an automated installation source for deploying Windows operating systems from Windows 7, Windows 10 and Windows Server 2008 onwards, from either a single machine or a central server distribution tool, such as Windows Deployment Services (WDS) or System Center Configuration Manager (SCCM). Device drivers, Windows updates and software can be included with the build.
All the software intended for installation (Operating System, drivers, updates and applications) are added to a pool of available software and packaged into deployment packages. The Operating System and drivers to be included with this package are selected, and the administrator password, owner information, and product key are specified. Microsoft Deployment Toolkit generates a custom Windows PE (Preinstallation Environment) image that allows client machines to install the assembled deployment packages over the network from the MDT server. This Windows PE disk image can be burned to and booted from a CD, or booted with Windows Deployment Services. When selecting the package to deploy, software that has been included in the pool may also be selected for installation.
Operation
The Microsoft Deployment Toolkit (MDT) supports three types of deployments: Zero Touch Installation (ZTI), Lite Touch Installation (LTI), and User Driven Installation (UDI). ZTI is a fully automated deployment scheme in which installation requires no user interaction whatsoever. UDI deployments require full manual intervention to respond to every installation prompt, such as machine name, password or language setting. ZTI and UDI deployments both require a Microsoft System Center infrastructure. ZTI deployments require a persistent network connection to the distribution point. LTI deployments require limited user interaction. An LTI deployment needs very little infrastructure, so it can be installed from a network share, or media using either a USB flash drive or an optical disc.
See also
Remote Installation Services
Microsoft System Center Configuration Manager (formerly known as SCCM or SMS)
User State Migration Tool
Windows Assessment and Deployment Kit (ADK) (previously known as Windows Automated Installation Kit)
Windows Deployment Services
Windows Preinstallation Environment (Windows PE)
References
External links
Windows administration
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termo%2C%20California
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Termo, California
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Termo (also, Snowstorm and Armstrong) is a ghost town in Lassen County, California. It was located on the now abandoned Southern Pacific Railroad line north-northeast of Susanville, at an elevation of 5305 feet (1617 m). This town straddles U.S. Highway 395 north of Ravendale.
It was the original 1900 terminus of the Nevada–California–Oregon Railway, before the line was extended north. A post office opened in 1908, closed in 1914, and re-opened in 1915.
References
External links
Termo- California Ghost Town
Unincorporated communities in California
Unincorporated communities in Lassen County, California
Ghost towns in California
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kavakl%C4%B1%2C%20Gen%C3%A7
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Kavaklı, Genç
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Kavaklı () is a village in the Genç District, Bingöl Province, Turkey. The village is populated by Kurds and had a population of 106 in 2021.
The hamlets of Çomak and Ekinli are attached to the village.
References
Villages in Genç District
Kurdish settlements in Bingöl Province
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decellularization
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Decellularization
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Decellularization (also spelled decellularisation in British English) is the process used in biomedical engineering to isolate the extracellular matrix (ECM) of a tissue from its inhabiting cells, leaving an ECM scaffold of the original tissue, which can be used in artificial organ and tissue regeneration. Organ and tissue transplantation treat a variety of medical problems, ranging from end organ failure to cosmetic surgery. One of the greatest limitations to organ transplantation derives from organ rejection caused by antibodies of the transplant recipient reacting to donor antigens on cell surfaces within the donor organ. Because of unfavorable immune responses, transplant patients suffer a lifetime taking immunosuppressing medication. Stephen F. Badylak pioneered the process of decellularization at the McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine at the University of Pittsburgh. This process creates a natural biomaterial to act as a scaffold for cell growth, differentiation and tissue development. By recellularizing an ECM scaffold with a patient’s own cells, the adverse immune response is eliminated. Nowadays, commercially available ECM scaffolds are available for a wide variety of tissue engineering. Using peracetic acid to decellularize ECM scaffolds have been found to be false and only disinfects the tissue.
With a wide variety of decellularization-inducing treatments available, combinations of physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments are carefully monitored to ensure that the ECM scaffold maintains the structural and chemical integrity of the original tissue. Scientists can use the acquired ECM scaffold to reproduce a functional organ by introducing progenitor cells, or adult stem cells (ASCs), and allowing them to differentiate within the scaffold to develop into the desired tissue. The produced organ or tissue can be transplanted into a patient. In contrast to cell surface antibodies, the biochemical components of the ECM are conserved between hosts, so the risk of a hostile immune response is minimized. Proper conservation of ECM fibers, growth factors, and other proteins is imperative to the progenitor cells differentiating into the proper adult cells. The success of decellularization varies based on the components and density of the applied tissue and its origin. The applications to the decellularizing method of producing a biomaterial scaffold for tissue regeneration are present in cardiac, dermal, pulmonary, renal, and other types of tissues. Complete organ reconstruction is still in the early levels of development.
Process overview
Researchers are able to take the tissue from a donor or cadaver, lyse and kill the cells within the tissue without damaging the extracellular components, and finish with a product that is the natural ECM scaffold that has the same physical and biochemical functions of the natural tissue. After acquiring the ECM scaffold, scientists can recellularize the tissue with potent stem or progenitor cells that will differentiate into the original type of tissue. By removing the cells from a donor tissue, the immunogenic antibodies from the donor will be removed. The progenitor cells can be taken from the host, therefore they will not have an adverse response to the tissue. This process of decellularizing tissues and organs is still being developed, but the exact process of taking a tissue from a donor and removing all the cellular components is considered to be the decellularization process. The steps to go from a decellularized ECM scaffold to a functional organ is under the umbrella of recellularization. Because of the diverse applications of tissue in the human body, decellularization techniques have to be tailored to the specific tissue being exercised on. The researched methods of decellularization include physical, chemical, and enzymatic treatments. Though some methods are more commonly used, the exact combination of treatments is variable based on the tissue’s origin and what it is needed for.
As far as introducing the different liquidized chemicals and enzymes to an organ or tissue, perfusion and immersion decellularization techniques have been used. Perfusion decellularization is applicable when an extensive vasculature system is present in the organ or tissue. It is crucial for the ECM scaffold to be decellularized at all levels, and evenly throughout the structure. Because of this requirement, vascularized tissues can have chemicals and enzymes perfused through the present arteries, veins, and capillaries. Under this mechanism and proper physiological conditions, treatments can diffuse equally to all of the cells within the organ. The treatments can be removed through the veins at the end of the process. Cardiac and pulmonary decellularization often uses this process of decellularization to introduce the treatments because of their heavily vascularized networks. Immersion decellularization is accomplished through the submersion of a tissue in chemical and enzymatic treatments. This process is more easily accomplished than perfusion, but is limited to thin tissues with a limited vascular system.
Physical treatments
The most common physical methods used to lyse, kill, and remove cells from the matrix of a tissue through the use of temperature, force and pressure, and electrical disruption. Temperature methods are often used in a rapid freeze-thaw mechanism. By quickly freezing a tissue, microscopic ice crystals form around the plasma membrane and the cell is lysed. After lysing the cells, the tissue can be further exposed to liquidized chemicals that degrade and wash out the undesirable components. Temperature methods conserve the physical structure of the ECM scaffold, but are best handled by thick, strong tissues.
Direct force of pressure to a tissue will guarantee disruption of the ECM structure, so pressure is commonly used. Pressure decellularization involves the controlled use of hydrostatic pressure applied to a tissue or organ. This is done best at high temperatures to avoid unmonitored ice crystal formation that could damage the scaffold. Electrical disruption of the plasma membrane is another option to lyse the cells housed in a tissue or organ. By exposing a tissue to electrical pulses, micropores are formed at the plasma membrane. The cells eventually turn to death after their homeostatic electrical balance is ruined through the applied stimulus. This electrical process is documented as Non-thermal irreversible electroporation (NTIRE) and is limited to small tissues and the limited possibilities of inducing an electric current in vivo.
Chemical treatments
The proper combination of chemicals is selected for decellularization depending on the thickness, extracellular matrix composition, and intended use of the tissue or organ. For example, enzymes would not be used on a collagenous tissue because they disrupt the connective tissue fibers. However, when collagen is not present in a high concentration or needed in the tissue, enzymes can be a viable option for decellularization. The chemicals used to kill and remove the cells include acids, alkaline treatments, ionic detergents, non-ionic detergents, and zwitterionic detergents.
The ionic detergent, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), is commonly used because of its high efficacy for lysing cells without significant damage to the ECM. Detergents act effectively to lyse the cell membrane and expose the contents to further degradation. After SDS lyses the cell membrane, endonucleases and exonucleases degrade the genetic contents, while other components of the cell are solubilized and washed out of the matrix. SDS is commonly used even though it has a tendency to slightly disrupt the ECM structure. Alkaline and acid treatments can be effective companions with an SDS treatment due to their ability to degrade nucleic acids and solubilize cytoplasmic inclusions.
The most well known non-ionic detergent is Triton X-100, which is popular because of its ability to disrupt lipid-lipid and lipid-protein interactions. Triton X-100 does not disrupt protein-protein interactions, which is beneficial to keeping the ECM intact. EDTA is a chelating agent that binds calcium, which is a necessary component for proteins to interact with one another. By making calcium unavailable, EDTA prevents the integral proteins between cells from binding to one another. EDTA is often used with trypsin, an enzyme that acts as a protease to cleave the already existing bonds between integral proteins of neighboring cells within a tissue. Together, the EDTA-Trypsin combination make a good team for decellularizing tissues.
Enzymatic treatments
Enzymes used in decellularization treatments are used to break the bonds and interactions between nucleic acids, interacting cells through neighboring proteins, and other cellular components. Lipases, thermolysin, galactosidase, nucleases, and trypsin have all been used in the removal of cells. After a cell is lysed with a detergent, acid, physical pressure, etc., endonucleases and exonucleases can begin the degradation of the genetic material. Endonucleases cleave DNA and RNA in the middle of sequences. Benzoase, an endonuclease, produces multiple small nuclear fragments that can be further degraded and removed from the ECM scaffold. Exonucleases act at the end of DNA sequences to cleave the phosphodiester bonds and further degrade the nucleic acid sequences.
Enzymes such as trypsin act as proteases that cleave the interactions between proteins. Although trypsin can have adverse effects of collagen and elastin fibers of the ECM, using it in a time-sensitive manner controls any potential damage it could cause on the extracellular fibers. Dispase is used to prevent undesired aggregation of cells, which is beneficial in promoting their separating from the ECM scaffold. Experimentation has shown dispase to be most effective on the surface of a thin tissue, such as a lung in pulmonary tissue regeneration. To successfully remove deep cells of a tissue with dispase, mechanical agitation is often included in the process.
Collagenase is only used when the ECM scaffold product does not require an intact collagen structure. Lipases are commonly used when decellularized skin grafts are needed. Lipase acids function in decellularizing dermal tissues through delipidation and cleaving the interactions between heavily lipidized cells. The enzyme, α-galactosidase is a relevant treatment when removing the Gal epitope antigen from cell surfaces.
Applications
A natural ECM scaffold provides the necessary physical and biochemical environment to facilitate the growth and specialization of potent progenitor and stem cells. Acellular matrices have been isolated in vitro and in vivo in a number of different tissues and organs. Decellularized ECM can be used to prepare bio-ink for 3D bioprinting. The most applicable success from decellularized tissues has come from symmetrical tissues that have less specialization, such as bone and dermal grafts; however, research and success are ongoing at the organ level.
Acellular dermal matrices have been successful in a number of different applications. For example, skin grafts are used in cosmetic surgery and burn care. The decellularized skin graft provides mechanical support to the damaged area while supporting the development of host-derived connective tissue. Cardiac tissue has clinical success in developing human valves from natural ECM matrices. A technique known as the Ross procedure uses an acellular heart valve to replace a defective valve, allowing native cells to repopulate a newly functioning valve. Decellularized allografts have been critical in bone grafts that function in bone reconstruction and replacing of deformed bones in patients.
The limits to myocardial tissue engineering come from the ability to immediately perfuse and seed and implemented heart into a patient. Though the ECM scaffold maintains the protein and growth factors of the natural tissue, the molecular level specialization has not yet been harnessed by researchers using decellularized heart scaffolds. Better success at using a whole organ from decellularization techniques has been found in pulmonary research. Scientists have been able to regenerate whole lungs in vitro from rat lungs using perfusion-decellularization. By seeding the matrix with fetal rat lung cells, a functioning lung was produced. The in vitro-produced lung was successfully implemented into a rat, which attests to the possibilities of translating an in vitro produced organ into a patient.
Other success for decellularization has been found in small intestinal submucosa (SIS), renal, hepatic, and pancreatic engineering. Because it is a thin material, the SIS matrix can be decellularized through immersing the tissue in chemical and enzymatic treatments. Renal tissue engineering is still developing, but cadaveric kidney matrices have been able to support development of potent fetal kidney cells. Pancreatic engineering is a testament to the molecular specificity of organs. Scientists have not yet been able to produce an entirely functioning pancreas, but they have had success in producing an organ that functions at specific segments. For example, diabetes in rats was shown to decrease by seeding a pancreatic matrix at specific sites. The future applications of decellularized tissue matrix is still being discovered and is considered one of the most hopeful areas in regenerative research.
See also
Tissue engineering
Transplant rejection
Organ transplant
References
Cell biology
Transplantation medicine
Tissue engineering
Articles containing video clips
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watson%20Ridge
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Watson Ridge
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Watson Ridge () is a partially snow-covered rock ridge standing 9 nautical miles (17 km) southeast of Mount Storegutt, Enderby Land. Mapped from ANARE (Australian National Antarctic Research Expeditions) surveys and air photos, 1954–66. Named by Antarctic Names Committee of Australia (ANCA) for R.A. Watson, weather observer at Mawson Station, 1963.
Ridges of Enderby Land
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolas%20Delpech
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Nicolas Delpech
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Nicolas Delpech (born 11 January 2002) is a French professional footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Ligue 2 club Pau FC.
Career
Born in Tarbes, Delpech joined his local football team Tarbes Pyrénées at the age of 5. Delpech made his debut for Tarbes Pyrénées first team in 2021, playing in Régional 1.
On 2022, after 15 years of playing for Tarbes Pyrénées, Delpech left the club the reserve team of Ligue 2 side Pau FC. On 2 April 2023, he made his professional debut with Pau FC first team in a 0–1 Ligue 2 loss to Le Havre.
Personal life
Delpech is a supporter of Ligue 1 side Toulouse FC.
References
External links
2002 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Tarbes
French men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Pau FC players
Ligue 2 players
Championnat National 3 players
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20Amalia%20%28Athens%29
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Villa Amalia (Athens)
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Villa Amalia is the name of the building that hosted the former Second High School of Athens in Greece. It is located on the corner of Acharnon and Heiden streets, near Victoria metro station. It was an anarchist squat before its eviction in 2012. It reopened as a school in 2016.
Social center
Villa Amalia was occupied since 1990, making it one of the oldest Greek squats.
In its lifetime as a squat, the center organized cultural events such as political debates, film screenings and concerts. The authorities claimed that violent protesters were protected within the villa after anti-austerity demonstrations.
Villa Amalia was evicted in December 2012. The police claimed to have found materials to make 1500 molotov cocktails. The center was one target in a police campaign to evict up to 40 known squats throughout Greece. SYRIZA was critical of the eviction, blaming the government for using it as a distraction from bigger scandals.
150 anarchists attempted to reoccupy the building on January 9, 2013. They regained possession and were then evicted again by the police with 92 arrests. Protesters gathered with banners pledging solidarity and occupied the offices of Greek social-democratic party DIMAR. The police then raided another squat nearby and in response people blockaded the entrance of a building where Prime Minister Antonis Samaras was supposed to give a talk.
Thousands of people soon took to the streets in support of the arrestees. The crowd, estimated at 8,000 people by the organizers and at 3,000 by the police, marched through central Athens to the law courts. All 92 arrestees were charged with trespassing on public property and then released.
School
The Mayor of the City of Athens Giorgos Kaminis announced in February 2013 that the building would be transformed back into a school or cultural center. It had been sealed off to prevent reoccupation by anarchists.
It reopened as a high school in September 2016.
References
External links
Blog of the former squat (in Greek)
Schools in Greece
Anarchist organizations in Greece
Anarchist communities
Squats
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central%20General%20de%20Trabajadores%20de%20Guatemala
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Central General de Trabajadores de Guatemala
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The Central General de Trabajadores de Guatemala (CGTG) is a national trade union center in Guatemala. It is descended from the Central Nacional de Trabajadores, which operated clandestinely after the disappearance of 21 of its leaders arrested on June 21, 1980.
The CGTG is affiliated with the International Trade Union Confederation.
References
Trade unions in Guatemala
International Trade Union Confederation
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katheryn%20Edmonds%20Rajnak
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Katheryn Edmonds Rajnak
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Katheryn (Kathie) Marie Edmonds Rajnak (April 30, 1937February 3, 2005) was an American theoretical physical chemist who lived and worked in the United States. She was known for her work applying variations of the Hartree–Fock approach to calculating the energy levels of the lanthanide elements and their compounds. Applications of those results include the design of lasers for inertial-confinement fusion and for uranium isotope separation. She was the first woman to teach physics at Kalamazoo College, starting in 1967.
Early life and education
Rajnak was born on April 30, 1937, in Kalamazoo, Michigan. She attended Kalamazoo College, earning her bachelor's degree in chemistry in 1959, magna cum laude. She defended her doctoral thesis, Configuration interaction in the rare earths and its effect on the stark levels of PrCl₃ and GdCl₃ · 6H₂O, at the University of California, Berkeley in November 1962, under the guidance of Brian R. Judd (known now for the Judd–Ofelt theory).
Later life and career
Rajnak had a postdoctoral research appointment at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, from 1962 to 1965. She was a lecturer in Chemistry at Western Michigan University in 1966. She relocated to Kalamazoo College when her husband gained a position there, where she was Assistant Professor of Physics in 1967–70. Other appointments at WMU and Kalamazoo followed, and she held a permanent part-time position at Kalamazoo from 1975. Her final position was Adjunct Associate Professor of Physics at Kalamazoo, 1985–96.
Rajnak retired in 1997.
Research
Her research collaborations included sustained work with the Argonne National Laboratory (actinide chemistry group), from 1966; visiting researcher at Paris-Sud University (Orsay), spring quarters, 1987–91; Lawrence Livermore Laboratory (Theoretical Atomic and Molecular Physics and Laser Fusion groups), from 1973; and Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (Materials and Molecular Research Division), 1982–83. The Livermore work involved calculations related to laser isotope separation of Uranium and possible new solid-state lasers.
Personal life
She was married to Stan Rajnak, a professor of mathematics at Kalamazoo College. The two had a hobby of collecting seaweed, and also collected oriental and local art.
Rajnak died on February 3, 2005.
References
1937 births
2005 deaths
American women scientists
American women physicists
Kalamazoo College faculty
Kalamazoo College alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
People from Kalamazoo, Michigan
20th-century American women scientists
American women academics
21st-century American women
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