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The dataset generation failed because of a cast error
Error code: DatasetGenerationCastError
Exception: DatasetGenerationCastError
Message: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'embedding_dimension', 'index_type', 'total_documents', 'created_at', 'model_path', 'similarity_metric'}) and 6 missing columns ({'source', 'text_preview', 'id', 'difficulty', 'url', 'title'}).
This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/shreyaspulle98/superconductor-search-index/index_info.json (at revision 409beea09eee8535f7d1a91536a9a6dc81f40f54)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)
Traceback: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1831, in _prepare_split_single
writer.write_table(table)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/arrow_writer.py", line 714, in write_table
pa_table = table_cast(pa_table, self._schema)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2272, in table_cast
return cast_table_to_schema(table, schema)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/table.py", line 2218, in cast_table_to_schema
raise CastError(
datasets.table.CastError: Couldn't cast
created_at: string
model_path: string
total_documents: int64
embedding_dimension: int64
index_type: string
similarity_metric: string
to
{'id': Value('string'), 'title': Value('string'), 'source': Value('string'), 'difficulty': Value('int64'), 'url': Value('string'), 'text_preview': Value('string')}
because column names don't match
During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1455, in compute_config_parquet_and_info_response
parquet_operations = convert_to_parquet(builder)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/src/services/worker/src/worker/job_runners/config/parquet_and_info.py", line 1054, in convert_to_parquet
builder.download_and_prepare(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 894, in download_and_prepare
self._download_and_prepare(
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 970, in _download_and_prepare
self._prepare_split(split_generator, **prepare_split_kwargs)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1702, in _prepare_split
for job_id, done, content in self._prepare_split_single(
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.12/site-packages/datasets/builder.py", line 1833, in _prepare_split_single
raise DatasetGenerationCastError.from_cast_error(
datasets.exceptions.DatasetGenerationCastError: An error occurred while generating the dataset
All the data files must have the same columns, but at some point there are 6 new columns ({'embedding_dimension', 'index_type', 'total_documents', 'created_at', 'model_path', 'similarity_metric'}) and 6 missing columns ({'source', 'text_preview', 'id', 'difficulty', 'url', 'title'}).
This happened while the json dataset builder was generating data using
hf://datasets/shreyaspulle98/superconductor-search-index/index_info.json (at revision 409beea09eee8535f7d1a91536a9a6dc81f40f54)
Please either edit the data files to have matching columns, or separate them into different configurations (see docs at https://hf.co/docs/hub/datasets-manual-configuration#multiple-configurations)Need help to make the dataset viewer work? Make sure to review how to configure the dataset viewer, and open a discussion for direct support.
id
string | title
string | source
string | difficulty
int64 | url
string | text_preview
string |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
wikipedia_1
|
Superconductivity
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconductivity
|
Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. Unlike an ordinary met
|
wikipedia_2
|
History of superconductivity
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_superconductivity
|
Superconductivity is the phenomenon of certain materials exhibiting zero electrical resistance and the expulsion of magnetic fields below a characteristic temperature. The history of superconductivity
|
wikipedia_3
|
BCS theory
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCS_theory
|
In physics, the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) theory (named after John Bardeen, Leon Cooper, and John Robert Schrieffer) is the first microscopic theory of superconductivity since Heike Kamerlingh O
|
wikipedia_4
|
Cooper pair
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooper_pair
|
In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low temperatures in a certain manner first describe
|
wikipedia_5
|
Meissner effect
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meissner_effect
|
In condensed-matter physics, the Meissner effect (or Meißner–Ochsenfeld effect) is the expulsion of a magnetic field from a superconductor during its transition to the superconducting state when it is
|
wikipedia_6
|
Type-I superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-I_superconductor
|
The interior of a bulk superconductor cannot be penetrated by a weak magnetic field, a phenomenon known as the Meissner effect. When the applied magnetic field becomes too large, superconductivity bre
|
wikipedia_7
|
Type-II superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type-II_superconductor
|
In superconductivity, a type-II superconductor is a superconductor that exhibits an intermediate phase of mixed ordinary and superconducting properties at intermediate temperature and fields above the
|
wikipedia_8
|
Josephson effect
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson_effect
|
In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity, with some barrier or restriction between them. The effect is named after the British phys
|
wikipedia_9
|
London equations
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_equations
|
The London equations, developed by brothers Fritz and Heinz London in 1935, are constitutive relations for a superconductor relating its superconducting current to electromagnetic fields in and around
|
wikipedia_10
|
Ginzburg–Landau theory
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginzburg%E2%80%93Landau_theory
|
In physics, Ginzburg–Landau theory, often called Landau–Ginzburg theory, named after Vitaly Ginzburg and Lev Landau, is a mathematical physical theory used to describe superconductivity. In its initi
|
wikipedia_11
|
Coherence length
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence_length
|
In physics, coherence length is the propagation distance over which a coherent wave (e.g. an electromagnetic wave) maintains a specified degree of coherence. Wave interference is strong when the path
|
wikipedia_12
|
Penetration depth
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penetration_depth
|
Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material
|
wikipedia_13
|
Flux pinning
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_pinning
|
Flux pinning is a phenomenon that occurs when flux vortices in a type-II superconductor are prevented from moving within the bulk of the superconductor, so that the magnetic field lines are "pinned" t
|
wikipedia_14
|
Magnetic flux quantum
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_flux_quantum
|
The magnetic flux, represented by the symbol Φ, threading some contour or loop is defined as the magnetic field B multiplied by the loop area S, i.e. Φ = B ⋅ S. Both B and S can be arbitrary, meaning
|
wikipedia_15
|
Abrikosov vortex
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrikosov_vortex
|
In superconductivity, a fluxon (also called an Abrikosov vortex or quantum vortex) is a vortex of supercurrent in a type-II superconductor, used by Soviet physicist Alexei Abrikosov to explain magneti
|
wikipedia_16
|
Phonon
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonon
|
A phonon is a quasiparticle, collective excitation in a periodic, elastic arrangement of atoms or molecules in condensed matter, specifically in solids and some liquids. In the context of optically tr
|
wikipedia_17
|
Critical point (thermodynamics)
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_point_(thermodynamics)
|
In thermodynamics, a critical point (or critical state) is the end point of a phase equilibrium curve. One example is the liquid–vapor critical point, the end point of the pressure–temperature curve t
|
wikipedia_18
|
London penetration depth
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_penetration_depth
|
In superconductors, the London penetration depth (usually denoted as
λ
{\displaystyle \lambda }
or
λ
|
wikipedia_19
|
Little–Parks effect
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%E2%80%93Parks_effect
|
In condensed matter physics, the Little–Parks effect was discovered in 1962 by William A. Little and Ronald D. Parks in experiments with empty and thin-walled superconducting cylinders subjected to a
|
wikipedia_20
|
Proximity effect (superconductivity)
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximity_effect_(superconductivity)
|
Proximity effect or Holm–Meissner effect is a term used in the field of superconductivity to describe phenomena that occur when a superconductor (S) is placed in contact with a "normal" (N) non-superc
|
wikipedia_21
|
Andreev reflection
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreev_reflection
|
Andreev reflection, named after the Russian physicist Alexander F. Andreev, is a type of particle scattering which occurs at interfaces between a superconductor (S) and a normal state material (N). I
|
wikipedia_22
|
Superdiamagnetism
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superdiamagnetism
|
Superdiamagnetism (or perfect diamagnetism) is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures, characterised by the complete absence of magnetic permeability (i.e. a volume magnetic s
|
wikipedia_23
|
Flux pinning
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_pinning
|
Flux pinning is a phenomenon that occurs when flux vortices in a type-II superconductor are prevented from moving within the bulk of the superconductor, so that the magnetic field lines are "pinned" t
|
wikipedia_24
|
Quantum vortex
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_vortex
|
In physics, a quantum vortex represents a quantized flux circulation of some physical quantity. In most cases, quantum vortices are a type of topological defect exhibited in superfluids and supercondu
|
wikipedia_25
|
Diamagnetism
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamagnetism
|
Diamagnetism is the property of materials that are repelled by a magnetic field; an applied magnetic field creates an induced magnetic field in them in the opposite direction, causing a repulsive forc
|
wikipedia_26
|
Cuprate superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuprate_superconductor
|
Cuprate superconductors are a family of high-temperature superconducting materials made of layers of copper oxides (CuO2) alternating with layers of other metal oxides, which act as charge reservoirs.
|
wikipedia_27
|
Yttrium barium copper oxide
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yttrium_barium_copper_oxide
|
Yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) is a family of crystalline chemical compounds that display high-temperature superconductivity; it includes the first material ever discovered to become superconducti
|
wikipedia_28
|
Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bismuth_strontium_calcium_copper_oxide
|
Bismuth strontium calcium copper oxide (BSCCO, pronounced ), is a type of cuprate superconductor having the generalized chemical formula Bi2Sr2Can−1CunO2n+4+x, with n = 2 being the most commonly studi
|
wikipedia_29
|
Iron-based superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-based_superconductor
|
Iron-based superconductors (FeSC) are iron-containing chemical compounds whose superconducting properties were discovered in 2006. The first of such superconducting compounds belong to the group of ox
|
wikipedia_30
|
Carbonaceous sulfur hydride
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaceous_sulfur_hydride
|
Carbonaceous sulfur hydride (CSH) is a potential superconductor that was announced in October 2020 by the lab of Ranga Dias at the University of Rochester, in a Nature paper that was later retracted.
|
wikipedia_31
|
Magnesium diboride
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnesium_diboride
|
Magnesium diboride is the inorganic compound of magnesium and boron with the formula MgB2. It is a dark gray, water-insoluble solid. The compound becomes superconducting at 39 K (−234 °C), which has a
|
wikipedia_32
|
Niobium–titanium
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium%E2%80%93titanium
|
Niobium–titanium (Nb-Ti) is a ductile alloy of niobium and titanium, used industrially as a type II superconductor wire for superconducting magnets, normally as Nb-Ti fibres in an aluminium or copper
|
wikipedia_33
|
Niobium–tin
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium%E2%80%93tin
|
Niobium–tin is an intermetallic compound of niobium (Nb) and tin (Sn), used industrially as a type-II superconductor. This intermetallic compound has a simple structure: A3B. It is more expensive than
|
wikipedia_34
|
Lanthanum decahydride
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum_decahydride
|
Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydrid
|
wikipedia_35
|
Heavy fermion superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_fermion_superconductor
|
Heavy fermion superconductors are a type of unconventional superconductor.
The first heavy fermion superconductor, CeCu2Si2, was discovered by Frank Steglich in 1978.
Since then over 30 heavy fermion
|
wikipedia_36
|
Organic superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_superconductor
|
An organic superconductor is a synthetic organic compound that exhibits superconductivity at low temperatures.
As of 2007 the highest achieved critical temperature for an organic superconductor at sta
|
wikipedia_37
|
Octahedral cluster
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octahedral_cluster
|
Octahedral clusters are inorganic or organometallic cluster compounds composed of six metals in an octahedral array. Many types of compounds are known, but all are synthetic.
== Octahedral chalcoge
|
wikipedia_38
|
A15 phases
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A15_phases
|
The A15 phases (also known as β-W or Cr3Si structure types) are series of intermetallic compounds with the chemical formula A3B (where A is a transition metal and B can be any element) and a specific
|
wikipedia_39
|
Thallium barium calcium copper oxide
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thallium_barium_calcium_copper_oxide
|
Thallium barium calcium copper oxide, or TBCCO (pronounced "tibco"), is a family of high-temperature superconductors having the generalized chemical formula TlmBa2Can−1CunO2n+m+2.
Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3O10 (TBC
|
wikipedia_40
|
Lead
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead
|
Lead ( ) is a chemical element with the symbol Pb (from the Latin plumbum) and atomic number 82. It is a heavy metal, denser than most common materials. Lead is soft, malleable, and has a relatively l
|
wikipedia_41
|
Tin
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin
|
Tin is a chemical element; it has the symbol Sn (from Latin stannum) and atomic number 50. A metallic-gray metal, tin is soft enough to be cut with little force, and a bar of tin can be bent by hand
|
wikipedia_42
|
Aluminium
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium
|
Aluminium (the Commonwealth and preferred IUPAC name) or aluminum (North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. It has a density lower than other common metals
|
wikipedia_43
|
Niobium
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niobium
|
Niobium is a chemical element; it has symbol Nb (formerly columbium, Cb) and atomic number 41. It is a light grey, crystalline, and ductile transition metal. Pure niobium has a Mohs hardness rating si
|
wikipedia_44
|
Vanadium
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanadium
|
Vanadium is a chemical element; it has symbol V and atomic number 23. It is a hard, silvery-grey, malleable transition metal. The elemental metal is rarely found in nature, but once isolated artificia
|
wikipedia_45
|
Technetium
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium
|
Technetium is a chemical element; it has symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive. Technetium and promethium are the only radioactive elements whos
|
wikipedia_46
|
Fullerene
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fullerene
|
A fullerene is an allotrope of carbon whose molecules consist of carbon atoms connected by single and double bonds so as to form a closed or partially closed mesh, with fused rings of five to six atom
|
wikipedia_47
|
Pnictogen
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pnictogen
|
A pnictogen (; from Ancient Greek πνίγω (pnígō) 'to choke' and -gen 'generator') is any of the chemical elements in group 15 of the periodic table. Group 15 is also known as the nitrogen group or ni
|
wikipedia_48
|
Chalcogen
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalcogen
|
The chalcogens ( KAL-kə-jənz) are the chemical elements in group 16 of the periodic table. This group is also known as the oxygen family. Group 16 consists of the elements oxygen (O), sulfur (S), sele
|
wikipedia_49
|
High-temperature superconductivity
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-temperature_superconductivity
|
High-temperature superconductivity (high-Tc or HTS) is superconductivity in materials with a critical temperature (the temperature below which the material behaves as a superconductor) above 77 K (−19
|
wikipedia_50
|
Unconventional superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unconventional_superconductor
|
Unconventional superconductors are materials that display superconductivity which is not explained by the usual BCS theory or its extension, the Eliashberg theory. The pairing in unconventional superc
|
wikipedia_51
|
Pseudogap
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudogap
|
In condensed matter physics, a pseudogap describes a state where the Fermi surface of a material possesses a partial energy gap, for example, a band structure state where the Fermi surface is gapped o
|
wikipedia_52
|
Fermi liquid theory
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermi_liquid_theory
|
Fermi liquid theory (also known as Landau's Fermi-liquid theory) is a theoretical model of interacting fermions that describes the normal state of the conduction electrons in most metals at sufficient
|
wikipedia_53
|
Quantum critical point
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_critical_point
|
A quantum critical point is a point in the phase diagram of a material where a continuous phase transition takes place at absolute zero. A quantum critical point is typically achieved by a continuous
|
wikipedia_54
|
Charge density wave
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_density_wave
|
A charge density wave (CDW) is an ordered quantum fluid of electrons in a linear chain compound or layered crystal. The electrons within a CDW form a standing wave pattern and sometimes collectively c
|
wikipedia_55
|
Josephson effect
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson_effect
|
In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity, with some barrier or restriction between them. The effect is named after the British phys
|
wikipedia_56
|
Superconducting magnet
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_magnet
|
A superconducting magnet is an electromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire. They must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures during operation. In its superconducting state the wire has no elect
|
wikipedia_57
|
SQUID
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SQUID
|
A SQUID (superconducting quantum interference device) is a very sensitive magnetometer used to measure extremely weak magnetic fields, based on superconducting loops containing Josephson junctions.
SQ
|
wikipedia_58
|
Josephson effect
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephson_effect
|
In physics, the Josephson effect is a phenomenon that occurs when two superconductors are placed in proximity, with some barrier or restriction between them. The effect is named after the British phys
|
wikipedia_59
|
Superconducting quantum computing
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_quantum_computing
|
Superconducting quantum computing is a branch of solid state physics and quantum computing that implements superconducting electronic circuits using superconducting qubits as artificial atoms, or qua
|
wikipedia_60
|
Superconducting radio frequency
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_radio_frequency
|
Superconducting radio frequency (SRF) science and technology involves the application of electrical superconductors to radio frequency devices. The ultra-low electrical resistivity of a superconducti
|
wikipedia_61
|
Rapid single flux quantum
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_single_flux_quantum
|
In electronics, rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ) is a digital electronic device that uses superconducting devices, namely Josephson junctions, to process digital signals. In RSFQ logic, information is
|
wikipedia_62
|
Superconducting tunnel junction
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_tunnel_junction
|
The superconducting tunnel junction (STJ) – also known as a superconductor–insulator–superconductor tunnel junction (SIS) – is an electronic device consisting of two superconductors separated by a ver
|
wikipedia_63
|
Superconducting wire
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_wire
|
Superconducting wires are electrical wires made of superconductive material. When cooled below their transition temperatures, they have zero electrical resistance. Most commonly, conventional supercon
|
wikipedia_64
|
Magnetic levitation
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_levitation
|
Magnetic levitation (maglev) or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the grav
|
wikipedia_65
|
Maglev
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maglev
|
Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a system of rail transport whose rolling stock is levitated by electromagnets rather than rolled on wheels, eliminating rolling resistance.
Compared to con
|
wikipedia_66
|
Magnetic resonance imaging
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_resonance_imaging
|
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to generate pictures of the anatomy and the physiological processes inside the body. MRI scanners use strong magnetic
|
wikipedia_67
|
Nuclear magnetic resonance
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_magnetic_resonance
|
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a physical phenomenon in which nuclei in a strong constant magnetic field are disturbed by a weak oscillating magnetic field (in the near field) and respond by prod
|
wikipedia_68
|
Qubit
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qubit
|
In quantum computing, a qubit () or quantum bit is a basic unit of quantum information; a binary qudit – the quantum version of the classic binary bit physically realized with a two-state device. A qu
|
wikipedia_69
|
Particle accelerator
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_accelerator
|
A particle accelerator is a machine that uses electromagnetic fields to propel charged particles to very high speeds and energies to contain them in well-defined beams. Small accelerators are used for
|
wikipedia_70
|
Flux qubit
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flux_qubit
|
In quantum computing, more specifically in superconducting quantum computing, flux qubits (also known as persistent current qubits) are micrometer sized loops of superconducting metal that is interrup
|
wikipedia_71
|
Superconducting electric machine
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superconducting_electric_machine
|
Superconducting electric machines are electromechanical systems that rely on the use of one or more superconducting elements. Since superconductors have no DC resistance, they typically have greater e
|
wikipedia_72
|
Fault current limiter
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fault_current_limiter
|
A fault current limiter (FCL), also known as fault current controller (FCC), is a device which limits the prospective fault current when a fault occurs (e.g. in a power transmission network) without c
|
wikipedia_73
|
Room-temperature superconductor
|
wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Room-temperature_superconductor
|
A room-temperature superconductor is a hypothetical material capable of displaying superconductivity above 0 °C (273 K; 32 °F), operating temperatures which are commonly encountered in everyday settin
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wikipedia_74
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High pressure
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_pressure
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In science and engineering, the study of high pressure examines its effects on materials and the design and construction of devices, such as a diamond anvil cell, which can create high pressure. High
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wikipedia_75
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Diamond anvil cell
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond_anvil_cell
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A diamond anvil cell (DAC) is a high-pressure device used in geology, engineering, and materials science experiments. It permits the compression of a small (sub-millimeter-sized) piece of material to
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wikipedia_76
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Carbonaceous sulfur hydride
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonaceous_sulfur_hydride
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Carbonaceous sulfur hydride (CSH) is a potential superconductor that was announced in October 2020 by the lab of Ranga Dias at the University of Rochester, in a Nature paper that was later retracted.
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wikipedia_77
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Hydrogen sulfide
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_sulfide
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Hydrogen sulfide or hydrogen sulphide (Commonwealth English) is a chemical compound with the formula H2S. It is a colorless hydrogen chalcogenide gas, and is toxic, corrosive, and flammable. Trace amo
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wikipedia_78
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Lanthanum decahydride
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanthanum_decahydride
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Lanthanum decahydride is a polyhydride or superhydride compound of lanthanum and hydrogen (LaH10) that has shown evidence of being a high-temperature superconductor. It was the first metal superhydrid
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wikipedia_79
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Metallic hydrogen
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_hydrogen
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Metallic hydrogen is a phase of hydrogen in which it behaves like an electrical conductor. This phase was predicted in 1935 on theoretical grounds by Eugene Wigner and Hillard Bell Huntington.
At high
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wikipedia_80
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Lithium triethylborohydride
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_triethylborohydride
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Lithium triethylborohydride is the organoboron compound with the formula LiEt3BH. Commonly referred to as LiTEBH or Superhydride, it is a powerful reducing agent used in organometallic and organic che
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wikipedia_81
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Materials informatics
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_informatics
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Materials informatics is a field of study that applies the principles of informatics and data science to materials science and engineering to improve the understanding, use, selection, development, an
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wikipedia_82
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Computational materials science
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_materials_science
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Computational materials science and engineering uses modeling, simulation, theory, and informatics to understand materials. The main goals include discovering new materials, determining material behav
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wikipedia_83
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Density functional theory
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density_functional_theory
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Density functional theory (DFT) is a computational quantum mechanical modelling method used in physics, chemistry and materials science to investigate the electronic structure (or nuclear structure) (
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wikipedia_84
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Machine learning
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_learning
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Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalise to unseen data, and thus
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wikipedia_85
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High-throughput screening
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-throughput_screening
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High-throughput screening (HTS) is a method for scientific discovery especially used in drug discovery and relevant to the fields of biology, materials science and chemistry. Using robotics, data proc
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wikipedia_86
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Ab initio quantum chemistry methods
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ab_initio_quantum_chemistry_methods
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Ab initio quantum chemistry methods are a class of computational chemistry techniques based on quantum chemistry that aim to solve the electronic Schrödinger equation. Ab initio means "from first pri
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wikipedia_87
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Molecular dynamics
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_dynamics
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Molecular dynamics (MD) is a computer simulation method for analyzing the physical movements of atoms and molecules. The atoms and molecules are allowed to interact for a fixed period of time, giving
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wikipedia_88
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Crystal structure prediction
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal_structure_prediction
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Crystal structure prediction (CSP) is the calculation of the crystal structures of solids from first principles. Reliable methods of predicting the crystal structure of a compound, based only on its c
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wikipedia_89
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Materials database
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_database
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A materials database is a database used to store experimental, computational, standards, or design data for materials in such a way that they can be retrieved efficiently by humans or computer program
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wikipedia_90
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John Bardeen
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Bardeen
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John Bardeen (May 23, 1908 – January 30, 1991) was an American condensed matter physicist. He is the only person to be awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics twice: first in 1956 with William Shockley and
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wikipedia_91
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Leon Cooper
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wikipedia
| 0
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leon_Cooper
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Leon N. Cooper (né Kupchik; February 28, 1930 – October 23, 2024) was an American theoretical physicist and neuroscientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his work on superconductivity. Cooper
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wikipedia_92
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John Robert Schrieffer
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Robert_Schrieffer
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John Robert Schrieffer (; May 31, 1931 – July 27, 2019) was an American physicist who, with John Bardeen and Leon Cooper, was a recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physics for developing the BCS theo
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wikipedia_93
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Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heike_Kamerlingh_Onnes
|
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (Dutch: [ˈɦɛikə ˈkaːmərlɪŋ ˈɔnəs]; 21 September 1853 – 21 February 1926) was a Dutch experimental physicist who became the first to liquefy helium, cooling it to near 1.5 kelvin
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wikipedia_94
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Alexei Abrikosov (physicist)
|
wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Abrikosov_(physicist)
|
Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov (Russian: Алексе́й Алексе́евич Абрико́сов; June 25, 1928 – March 29, 2017) was a Soviet, Russian and American theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the fie
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wikipedia_95
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Vitaly Ginzburg
|
wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitaly_Ginzburg
|
Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ForMemRS (Russian: Вита́лий Ла́заревич Ги́нзбург; 4 October [O.S. 21 September] 1916 – 8 November 2009) was a Russian physicist who was honored with the Nobel Prize in Physi
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wikipedia_96
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Lev Landau
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev_Landau
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Lev Davidovich Landau (Russian: Лев Дави́дович Ланда́у; 22 January 1908 – 1 April 1968) was a Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics. He was considere
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wikipedia_97
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Brian Josephson
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wikipedia
| 0
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian_Josephson
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Brian David Josephson (born 4 January 1940) is a British theoretical physicist and emeritus professor at the University of Cambridge. He shared the 1973 Nobel Prize in Physics with Leo Esaki and Ivar
|
arxiv_1408.5938v2
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Ground state, collective mode, phase soliton and vortex in multiband superconductors
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arxiv
| 0
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1408.5938v2
|
This article reviews theoretical and experimental work on the novel physics
in multiband superconductors. Multiband superconductors are characterized by
multiple superconducting energy gaps in differe
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arxiv_1210.1305v1
|
Physics and chemistry review of layered chalcogenide superconductors
|
arxiv
| 0
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1305v1
|
Structural and physical properties of layered chalcogenide superconductors
are summarized. In particular, we review the remarkable properties of the
Fe-chalcogenide superconductors, FeSe and FeTe-base
|
arxiv_1003.2696v1
|
A review of Fe-chalcogenide superconductors: the simplest Fe-based superconductor
|
arxiv
| 0
|
http://arxiv.org/abs/1003.2696v1
|
Here we summarize the physical properties of the newly discovered
Fe-chalcogenide superconductors. The Fe-chalcogenide superconductors attract us
as the simplest Fe-based superconductors. Furthermore,
|
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