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giorni dopo la fine della guerra in Europa. I combattenti furono comandati da Ustashe da Petar Rajkovačić e dai partigiani jugoslavi comandati da Miloš Zekić. La battaglia ebbe luogo nella città bosniaca di Odžak. Gli Ustashe erano un'organizzazione fascista croata. Fu attivo, come un'unica organizzazione, tra il 1929 e il 1945. I suoi membri uccisero centinaia di migliaia di serbi, ebrei e rom, nonché dissidenti politici in Jugoslavia durante la Seconda Guerra Mondiale. I partigiani jugoslavi erano la resistenza guidata dai comunisti alle potenze dell'Asse (principalmente Germania) nella Jugoslavia occupata durante la seconda guerra mondiale. La battaglia fu una vittoria per i partigiani.
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en.wikipedia.orgچهارشنبه ۱۷ آذر ۱۳۹۵
رئالی ها برای بازسازی ورزشگاه قدیمی و تاریخی شان، چیزی نزدیک به ۴۰۰ میلیون یورو هزینه خواهند کرد
عصر آبادان – به نقل از سایت گل: بعد از اینکه رئالی ها اعلام کردند با دو شرکت برای بازسازی سانتیاگو برنابئو به توافق رسیدند، عکس هایی از طرح نهایی ورزشگاه جدید رونمایی شد.
فلورنتینو پرس، رئیس باشگاه رئال مادرید، در یک کنفرانس مطبوعاتی، به خبرنگاران گفت:” در این ورزشگاه، بسیاری از اسطوره های ما به میدان رفتند.
ما به تلاش مان به سمت بزرگ تر و بهتر شدن ادامه می دهیم. ورزشگاه جدید سانتیاگو برنابئو محلی فوق العاده برای ابزا احساسات و جشن های هواداران ما خواهد بود.
ما می خواهیم سانتیاگو برنابئو به بهترین ورزشگاه جهان تبدیل شود؛ با حداکثر آرامش و راحتی؛ نمادی برای معماری مدرن. “Have you ever gone on a blind date? You sit across from each other and neither of you utters a single word. Stressful situation, isn’t it? And how much more […]
Identification label – is used for the purposes of proper identification of products, semi-finished goods, components or warehouse units during production and logistic processes. It is an element of tracking systems, tracking of the product movement at particular stages of production and in the broad supply chain. Identification labels are essential for proper operation of quality and complaint processes. It is possible to withdraw a faulty product batch from the market on their basis. They most commonly appear as permanent foil labels with a printed code and identification number.
- made in compliance with the industry standards.
- they ensure product traceability in the tracking systems
- label as an integral element of production and logistics management systemsGraphs and data have been an area of great confusion in the past.
There was a time when too much information cleared a room. However, there have been significant changes in recent years. With open data, journalism has taken a turn.
Today, journalists are trained on how to understand data. They can browse through data sets and figures and represent them to their readers in a clear way.Today, any brand that wants to be competitive has to have this same skill.
There’s more than one way to achieve this goal. In fact, there are a few simple ways to go about this.What Do You Need to Find?Most of the stories written about current data involves being able to identify specific patterns.
Journalists should be able to see trends or specific behaviors present in a set of data. This isn’t always an easy task.
Join the dots
However, for anyone who can find hidden or overlooked patterns, the story will benefit. Being able to filter through data sets and analyze large amounts of information is a key component.
Next, display the data in a chart or graphic. Interactive graphs are great options and can be used with javscript libraries.
This type of display creates transparency by allowing readers to do their own analysis. While bar charts have a place, they’re less valuable.
More popular formats include sankeys and circle packing.After you have these two steps down, all you need to do is put the story together. There’s no limit to formatting options, but these three are probably the clearest ones to use.
Patterns or TrendsAlso known as cause an effect, find patterns of behaviors over time. See how these behaviors can be connected to other events. One example is how recessions occur when banks stop lending money.
Connections and correlations
This is an easy connection to make. There are other correlations that may be more challenging to find. However, use this advice cautiously. If you look too close, you can find a connection between almost anything.
Remember that the goal is the story and making sure that you tell the story in an interesting and engaging way.Top 50Most people like lists.
Whether your story is about the Top 40 Country singles or Top 10 Businessmen of 2017, this is a good choice. Having a list provides a natural category. Also, by their subjective nature, you can bring up alternate and interesting views.
Like with LikeUse a comparison over time to demonstrate how two things are alike and different. This is a great choice for a graphic and easy to understand. The only drawback is that this option may be weak as a standalone piece.
Additionally, the supporting data needs to be excellent. All three formats can be used to create engaging pieces. Because so many companies struggle to produce engaging, relevant pieces, data is a great choice.
It’s always available and able to be used without any privacy concerns.
There are many ways to illustrate these stories and remember that interactive content is becoming hugely popular today.
The Content Marketing Institute found that greater than 75% of respondents to a survey reported that they would be increasing their efforts in this style of marketing over the next year.Impossible Road 赏析
Impossible Road 是一款极简风格的移动游戏。2013 年于 iOS App Store 发布后长期占据付费游戏榜单席位，至今仍在分类榜 100 名以内。按下载量估计当前月收入在五千美元[1]左右。相比于付费榜单的绝大部分对手，Impossible Road 的简单程度是惊人的。
游戏性
Impossible Road 的灵感可能来自于 luge 这项运动。中文翻译是无舵雪橇。加拿大历来拥有冰雪运动的传统，而游戏作者恰恰就是加拿大人。游戏开始后玩家控制屏幕中央的一个白球沿着轨道下落。轨道每隔一段距离设有递增的数字标线，每次穿过会有一个视觉效果。球可以脱离轨道，如果在很短的时间（固定为几秒钟）内能够回到轨道，则继续，否则游戏结束。最后穿越的标线数字即为游戏分数。背景音乐是有递进层次的鼓点，辅以球着陆和穿过数字标线的音效。
游戏几乎没有关卡设计。轨道从球下方开始无限延伸，其旋转和扭曲方向是随机生成的。分数到达 15 分左右轨道开始出现收窄的部分，超过 50 分后开始出现大角度的剧烈扭曲。就此可认为作者还是设计了三个关卡，为游戏提供了难度上的递进层次。
游戏的极简风格也反映在菜单设计上。首次进入后突出显示全大写的游戏名称 IMPOSSIBLE ROAD，其中 ROAD 的字母 O 中的空白在开始游戏时自然下落，变成受玩家控制的球。这个设计强化了游戏的连续性和整体风格，但是给软件本地化制造了障碍：游戏名没法翻译了。这很可能是 Impossible Road 没有做多语言支持的原因。
技术实现
因为极为简单，Impossible Road 仅需要最基础的 3D 显示技术，能支持镜头的移动和旋转足矣。图像直接根据几何关系生成，没有模型、光照等等。游戏中还需要模拟重力、碰撞和反弹，但也足够简单，甚至不需要用专门的物理引擎。在美术、音乐方面也不需要专业人员的参与，作者一人就能完成。
缺陷
在后续更新中游戏提供了多个主题供切换。切换主题不仅会改变整体配色，还会改变滚动轨道的固有图案。这个图案在玩游戏时能辅助玩家对齐球在轨道上的位置，如果来回切换会产生极大的干扰。况且本作的核心就是极简，提供主题实为败笔。
游戏的碰撞检测代码很可能是开发者自己写的，没有使用成熟的引擎，某些细节处理上有瑕疵。当球的表面接触轨道边缘时，以及在扭曲的轨道上反弹时，会有异常表现，打断游戏的沉浸感。判断「异常」的标准是什么？参考文学理论，一部小说可以有自己的逻辑，小说追求的不是真实，而是真实感。同样，游戏追求的也不是绝对真实。但是，一个想让人留连在下降、飞跃、弹跳、着陆中的游戏世界，在某些地方的物理引擎规则明显不同于真实世界，这就是异常无疑了。它一定是疏漏，而不是作者有意为之[2]。
感想
这个游戏要玩到 100 分，最好到 200 分以上才能完全了解它的魅力。附上我的最高分数截屏：
虽然就内容深度、艺术价值来说 Impossible Road 难入法眼，但仅凭如此低的复杂度达到如此高的完成度，仍然令人赞叹。而且它在市场上的成功源于其内禀的独特风格和游戏性，必然性大于偶然性。这次疫情，很多人待在家里，有的 app 因此突然火了。这就是偶然性。如果没有疫情，这些 app 很可能永远不会流行。
注释
- 此估计的有效数字位数为一位
- 反过来倒可能成立。游戏史上著名的 bug 成为 feature 的案例：Space Invaders 早期版本敌人被消灭数量减少后，因为需要绘制的对象少了，帧与帧的间隔变短，移动速度会变快，这反而提高了游戏性，被保留了下来。Se parliamo di un'artista completa, a tutto tondo, perenne fonte di ispirazione e anticipatrice delle mode e degli stili, mi viene in mente un nome ed è quello di Björk. La cantautrice islandese ha sperimentato più di un genere musicale, dal rock alternativo all'elettronica passando per il jazz, il folk ed il trip hop.
Gli Eurythmics, secondo alcune fondate indiscrezioni, starebbero per tornare insieme per cominciare un tour mondiale con tantissime date. A smuovere Annie Lennox e Dave Stewart sarebbe il vil denaro.
E' appena uscito il trailer dell'attesissimo documentario sui leggendari studi di registrazione di Abbey Road.
Si è spento all'età di 87 anni nella sua casa di Memphis Jerry Lee Lewis, il pianista del diavolo. Con Elvis e Chuck Berry è considerato tra i padri fondatori del rock'n'roll, del quale ha incarnato prima di tutti lo spirito ribelle.
Memo Remigi, durante la puntata di venerdì scorso della trasmissione Rai "Oggi è un altro giorno", ha allungato una mano sui glutei di Jessica Morlacchi. Il gesto, sfuggito ai telespettatori, è stato evidenziato in un servizio di "Striscia la notizia", diventando di dominio pubblico.A Trve Relation and Iovrnall, of the Manner of the Arrivall, and Magnificent Entertainment, Giuen to the High and Mighty Prince Charles, Prince of Great Britaine, by the King of Spaine in His Court at Madrid
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This text is tells of Prince Charles, the son of King James I of Great Britain, and the Lord Marquess of Buckingham (George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham) visiting Madrid, Spain in March 1623. King James and Philip III of Spain, proposed a marriage between Prince Charles and Infanta Maria Anna of Spain. The events detailed in the writing, describe the meeting of the Prince and Infanta. This visit to the Courts in Madrid took place during the height of negotiation for the marriage, despite the fact that the Infanta was opposed to it.
Prince Charles, King James, King James of Great Britain, King James I, the Lord Marquess of Buckingham, George Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham, Madrid, Philip III of Spain, King Philip of Spain, Infanta Maria Anna of Spain, Infanta Maria Anna, royal weddings, royal marriages, the Courts of Madrid, the Earl of Bristol, the King of Spain, the Conde de Gondomar, Sir Walter Aston, Charles I of England, Spanish Match, Anglo-Spanish War, the Parliament of 1614, anti-Spanish, anti-Catholic, Philip IV of Spain, the Habsburg Spanish empire
Charles I, King of England, 1600-1649; James I, King of England, 1566-1625; Buckingham, George Villiers, Duke of, 1592-1628; Philip III, King of Spain, 1578-1621; Maria Anna, consort of Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor, 1606-1646; Royal weddings; Marriages of royalty and nobility; Bristol, John Digby, Earl of, 1580-1654; Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, conde de, 1567-1626; Aston of Forfar, Walter Aston, Baron, 1584-1639; Anglo-Spanish War, 1585-1604; Propaganda, Anti-Spanish; Philip IV, King of Spain, 1605-1665
"A Trve Relation and Iovrnall, of the Manner of the Arrivall, and Magnificent Entertainment, Giuen to the High and Mighty Prince Charles, Prince of Great Britaine, by the King of Spaine in His Court at Madrid" (1623). English Historical Library of Wallace Notestein. 2.
Library Catalog Record
No Copyright - United States. URI: http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/NoC-US/1.0/
The organization that has made the Item available believes that the Item is in the Public Domain under the laws of the United States, but a determination was not made as to its copyright status under the copyright laws of other countries. The Item may not be in the Public Domain under the laws of other countries. Please refer to the organization that has made the Item available for more information.1、热镀锌钢管结构：热镀锌钢管是使熔融金属与铁基体发生反应，生成合金层，使基体与涂层结合。热镀锌钢管先进行酸洗处理。为了去除钢管表面的氧化铁，酸洗后在氯化铵或氯化锌水溶液或氯化铵和氯化锌的混合水溶液槽中清洗，然后送入热浸镀坦克。热镀锌具有镀层均匀、附着力强、使用寿命长等优点。热镀锌钢管的基体与熔融镀液发生复杂的物理化学反应，形成结构致密的耐腐蚀锌铁合金层。合金层与纯锌层和钢管基体融为一体。因此，其耐腐蚀性能强。
2、镀锌钢管结构：镀锌钢管调整了热镀锌管的生产工艺。用于制管的带钢首先进行酸洗。为了去除带钢表面的氧化铁，酸洗后在槽内用氯化铵或氯化锌水溶液或氯化铵与氯化锌的混合水溶液清洗，然后送入热浸镀槽。然后将其风干，然后制成管状。镀层均匀光亮，镀锌量少，低于生产热镀锌管的成本。其耐腐蚀性比热镀锌管稍差！
3、热镀锌钢管与镀锌钢管的区别：
热镀锌管：
（1）热镀锌管的颜色有点发白；
（2）重量：6米长6.5公斤（耐腐蚀性强，使用寿命长，价格略高）；
镀锌钢管：
（1）镀锌钢管颜色有点蓝；
（2）重量：6米长5.5公斤（抗腐蚀性强，稍差，使用寿命比热轧管的使用寿命短浸镀锌钢管，价格低）。
两者的区别：
（1）热镀锌管是雪白的但不发亮不反光，表面有很多雪花，两端有锌粒（凝聚锌）。
（2）镀锌管呈白色，有光泽，反光。雪花很少，两口干净，没有锌瘤。Syria Essential Services (SES)
Southern Syria was at the center of a revolution that has spiraled into a civil war. Despite the challenging security situation and unpredictable nature of the war, USAID’s Syria Essential Services (SES) program provided assistance to stabilize conflict-affected communities in southern Syria. The program worked with local communities and councils to strengthen their ability to organize, administer, maintain, and expand essential services in the country. These essential services included improving public use buildings, water ways, electrical infrastructure, sewage systems, market access, and agricultural infrastructure.
SES involved a variety of strategies, such as leading training for local workers and providing grants to local communities. One main approach was designing and managing engineering solutions tailored to local contexts and actively involving the community in projects. SES sought out innovative technological solutions, such as solar technology, to make these solutions more sustainable. In addition, regular town hall meetings encouraged community participation and gave local councils the support and trust they needed to identify and respond to their communities’ changing needs.Scientists have been trying to find the elixir of memory that helps to forget everything bad. Perhaps you are looking for ways to resurrect the forgotten events after a severe head injury? Study the effect of false memories, which sometimes show during questioning witnesses to a crime. But the brain staunchly protects its secrets so Scientists have carried out experiments to address the frightening memories to see if memory can be rewritten.
And once again, scientists have attempted to penetrate the secrets of memory. This time they decided to test to see if they can edit the brain?
So during one experiment to cure the girl from the fear of dogs, she was shown pictures of different dogs – from the mind of evil and totally harmless. Thus, researchers removed from the archive of remembrance, encouraging the girl to experience again the emotions that she felt at that moment, when frightened by the animal.
After that it was taught to respond to the memory of another. For example, asked for her that the dog had saved her when she was drowning or chased vandals who climbed into her house. That is instilled her portrayal of another dog, dog-mate. At the final stage of the treatment research specialists the edited memories in the brain were fixed with the help of hypnosis.
The same researchers conducted experiments with members of military action, the victims of car accidents and rapes and as a result the volunteers experienced less fear of shocking memories.AL-ARID, Egypt (AP) – A donkey has leapt to fame in a
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سیستم دامنه نوسان پویاست، چرا که در این سیستم حجم مبنا و دامنه نوسان نداریم بلکه دامنه نوسان طبق میزان معاملات صورت گرفته در نماد سهم تغییر خواهد کرد.
اقتصاد آنلاین- هدی بذرافشان؛ شاپور محمدی در پاسخ به سوال خبرنگار بورس اقتصاد آنلاین مبنی بر اینکه سازمان بورس چه تمهیداتی را برای افزایش رشد شاخص آن هم بدون پشتوانه اندیشیده است، گفت: در دنیا حجم مبنا نداریم و به همین علت یکی از خواسته های فعالان بازار برداشتن حجم مبنا است.
وی افزود: سیاست سازمان بورس راه اندازی سیستم دامنه نوسان پویاست از این رو در این سیستم حجم مبنا و دامنه نوسان نداریم بلکه دامنه نوسان طبق میزان معاملات صورت گرفته تغییر خواهد کند.
رییس سازمان بورس در خصوص برنامه های این سازمان جهت افزایش بهره وری و رونق بورس انرژی نیز تصریح کرد: در صورت تصویب هیات دولت تا پایان امسال نفت خام را وارد بورس انرژی خواهیم کرد؛ البته شرایط و ضوابط این لایحه تدوین و به هیات دولت تقدیم شده و منتظر انجام امور پایانی این بازگشایی هستیم.
این مقام مسئول همچنین تصریح کرد: سازمان بورس در تلاش است تا از ظرفیت گاز طبیعی نیز برای رونق بخشی بیشتر به معاملات بازار انرژی استفاده کند؛ در این زمینه نیز دستورالعمل هایی جهت ورود این محصول به بورس انرژی تدوین شده که مراحل پایانی بررسی کارشناسی را می گذراند.
محمدی با تاکید بر اینکه در خصوص برق نیز برنامه هایی جهت بهره برداری هرچه بیشتر از توان تولیدی در این حوزه در دستور کار است، خاطرنشان کرد: امیدواریم تاپایان سال جاری بتوانیم سطح معاملات برق در بورس انرژی را افزایش دهیم که همین موضوع محرک خوبی برای بورس انرژی خواهد بود.[ad_1]
Vaxx Populi: امیدواریم افرادی که در گروه های پرخطر هستند تا اواسط سال 2021 واکسینه شوند ، اما ویروس هنوز هم قابل انتقال است. کارشناسان پیشنهاد می کنند با احتیاط خوش بینانه به جلو حرکت کنند.
دکتر لنورا ساکسینگر ، پزشک بیماری عفونی در ادمونتون گفت: “من برنامه ریزی را شروع می کنم.” مک لین. “من سالن یا هتل را رزرو نخواهم کرد ، اما قطعاً شروع به صف بندی می کنم.” کوین ویلسون ، متخصص اپیدمیولوژی هالیفاکس ، موافق است:برنامه ریزی آن را در ذهن خود شروع کنید ، اما هنوز بلیط خریداری نکنید. “
سوال بزرگ این است چه زمانی.
در این راستا ، کارشناسان توصیه های خود را نادیده می گیرند. ساکسینجر امیدوار است که تا اواسط تابستان تا اواخر تابستان “اکثر افراد مسنی که بیشترین خطر را دارند ، واکسینه شوند ، مگر اینکه اتفاق غیر منتظره ای رخ دهد.” سپس وی یک نکته مهم را اضافه می کند: اتفاق بیفتد یا رخ دهد—- این همه در سال 2020 بود. ”
مرتبط: سویه جدیدی از COVID-19 وجود دارد. آیا واکسن ها علیه آن مثر هستند؟
دکتر رابین لی ، اپیدمیولوژیست بیماری های عفونی در تورنتو ، تمایل بیشتری نشان می دهد. “من واقعاً قصد ندارم برای این تابستان برنامه ریزی کنم ، متأسفانه ، به ویژه برای افراد آسیب پذیر ، “مانند یک پدر و مادر یا پدربزرگ در رده پر خطر وی خاطرنشان کرد که در حالی که آنها باید واکسینه شوند ، “این بدان معنا نیست که همه افراد در خانواده خود به این ویروس مبتلا می شوند. هنوز این خطر وجود دارد. [in] در گروههای بزرگ اجتماع کنید. “این به این دلیل است که هنوز گروههای عظیمی از افراد واکسینه نشده اند که تابستان یا اوایل پاییز واکسینه نشده اند ، زمانی که هوا برای چنین اجتماعات بهتر است. و اگرچه کسانی که واکسینه شده اند تا حد زیادی از COVID-19 محافظت نمی شوند ، هیچ کس محافظت نمی کند. مشخص است که آیا واکسن های جدید باعث متوقف شدن افراد واکسینه شده نیز می شود. از شیوع COVID-19 به دیگران. محققان در حال تلاش برای پاسخ به این سال هستند.
او به من می گوید: “من دوست دارم اشتباه کنم.” “این یک برنامه واکسیناسیون بسیار بزرگ است که دارای قطعات متحرک زیادی است.”
ویلسون همچنین در تعیین زمان مشخص برای یک مهمانی بزرگ خانوادگی محتاط است. “این یک بیماری همه گیر است و برنامه ریزی برای آینده ممکن است هنوز برای مدتی دشوار باشد ، زیرا در ماه مارس گذشته می توانید سفر لغو شده من به اسکاتلند را ببینید.
ساکسینگر می گوید که او برنامه ریزی “بخشی از خانواده دور هم جمع می شود تا تولدهای از دست رفته را جبران کند …”[and] مسافرت برای دیدن خانواده ای که مدتهاست دیگر ندیده ام. من فکر می کنم این بی دلیل نیست ، اما فکر نمی کنم هنوز سپرده گذاری کنم. ”
با آغاز پیچیده ترین پروژه واکسیناسیون کشور تاکنون کانادا ، مک لین هدیه مردم واکس، سریالی در حال انجام که در آن پاتریشیا تریپل بیشترین س questionsالات را درباره واکسن های جدید COVID-19 مطرح می کند. سوالی برای ما ارسال کنید که می خواهید در firstname.lastname@example.org پاسخ دهید. اگر در مورد سلامتی خود س questionsال خاصی دارید ، توصیه می کنیم با پزشک خانواده یا مقام بهداشت محلی در منطقه خود مشورت کنید.
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منبع: green-sky.irDmitriy Soloviev, uno dei pattinatori più importanti della Russia, stava difendendo la sua ragazza.
Poi la medaglia d’oro olimpica è stata aggredita da uomini sconosciuti ed è ora ricoverata in terapia intensiva per una grave lesione cerebrale.
“Le sue condizioni sono ancora critiche”, scrive la sua fidanzata e campionessa europea di curling Anna Sidorova.
La coppia di star è andata in un bar karaoke a Mosca quando qualcuno nella loro cerchia di amici ha chiesto a un gruppo di adolescenti se potevano prendere in prestito un accendino.
All’improvviso l’umore era minaccioso e quando Dmitriy Soloviev stava per difendere la sua ragazza si diceva che fosse stato spinto a terra.
Nel caso, ha sbattuto la testa contro la porta ed è stato preso a calci violentemente.
Soloviev, che ha vinto l’oro olimpico nel pattinaggio di figura a Sochi nel 2014, l’oro ai Campionati Europei l’anno precedente ed è diventato un campione del mondo junior, è stato portato all’ospedale Botkin dove è curato dai neurologi.
“Comunicazione limitata”
Ora, la sua fidanzata Anna Sidorova, giocatrice della nazionale a rete con due ori agli Europei e cinque ai Mondiali, scrive di aver fatto una TAC (radiografia molto dettagliata) e che Soloviev ha avuto un’emorragia cerebrale.
È intensamente curato per il gocciolamento.
“Il contatto con lui è molto limitato. I medici gli vietano di comunicare più di una o due volte al giorno, scrive la fidanzata e continua:
“Sono ancora sotto shock. Ma abbraccio e ringrazio tutti coloro che hanno espresso il loro sostegno e non posso rispondere a tutti”.
“Pluripremiato esperto del web. Incurabile fanatico della cultura pop. Evangelista estremo del cibo. Specialista televisivo. Pioniere della birra.”中国传统耳环种类繁多，既有装饰性又有礼仪性，自古以来就是人们装饰中不可缺少的一部分。
中国 传统耳环的流行
耳环的首次出现可以追溯到新石器时代。
当时，人们的手艺受到一定程度的限制，所以耳环多为带缺口的简单圆环形状，称为“玦”，材质多为玉石，也有骨、石、玛瑙、象牙等材质。 。
后来，随着朝代和文明的发展，耳环的款式更加丰富，有耳环、耳环吊坠等不同款式。
然而，在漫长的历史中，耳环并不总是美丽的象征。在中国古代，女性的地位远远不如男性，于是人们就想出了在女性耳朵上打洞、挂耳环的想法，以提醒她们谨慎行事，以约束她们的行为。
以前，直到女孩十岁，她的母亲或其他长辈都会反复用米粒在女孩的耳垂上磨麻，然后用针尖刺穿，然后戴上一块丝绸。线，随着时间的推移会形成耳洞。
直到唐朝，女性地位高了很多，女性戴耳环的习俗才变得不那么普遍了。
到了宋明时期，耳环被广泛接受，不仅普通女性佩戴，皇后、嫔妃也佩戴耳环，一改以往禁闭的风气，成为女性梳妆台上的配饰而流行。
中国 传统耳环在不同时期的变迁
宋
宋代是一个审美的朝代，女性对耳环美的追求也离不开这个时期。宋代时，妇女的耳环色彩绚丽，雍容华贵。
耳环常常用金银制成花朵的形状，然后在花瓣或叶子上镶嵌各种宝石，甚至在雌蕊中间镶嵌一颗珍珠。
其中一种最夸张、最流行的有用金丝制成“S”形，一端为尖头，一端成片，在片上浮雕花朵的耳环。
也有在金色浮雕上进行点缀，然后将两片复合，然后将两个对称的形状放在耳环的中间。
明代
明朝时期，耳环更为普遍和流行，也是第一个将耳环纳入服饰体系的朝代。其中最受欢迎的款式之一是葫芦形耳环，从皇室到平民，每个人都佩戴这种耳环。
葫芦耳环的流行与明朝皇室信仰道教密切相关。葫芦是道教法宝，又与“福禄”发音相近，因此深受人们的喜爱。
清朝
不过，在众多耳环中，最有特色的要数清代的“一耳三钳”制度了。
众所周知，清廷的统治者是满族，所以为了凸显满族女性的尊严，也为了与汉族区别开来，清朝的统治者要求满族女性，无论是平民还是贵族，遵循“一耳三钱”的佩戴制度。
富裕的妇女会用金、银、玉、玉为钱，而相对贫穷的妇女则会用铜质材料代替。
中国 传统耳环的另一种看法
在所有的珠宝品类中，耳环就像我们耳边那颗若隐若现的星星，陪伴我们跨越千年的修行，创造出别样的风景。
其在不同时代、不同环境下的设计和制作，体现了古人对金、玉、宝石加工、镶嵌的精湛工艺。
作为珠宝，它令人愉悦地美化和装饰女性的生活。作为统治阶级的象征物，它也真实地反映了中国统治阶级文化的变迁、兴衰。虽然它的发展演变过程充满曲折，但仍然抵挡不了人们对它的喜爱。
如今，随着工艺的提高，材质的运用更加考究，人们对耳环的兴趣越来越浓厚，各种款式应运而生，将中国传统的耳环推向了时尚的高度。به گزارش اخبارفلزات به نقل از فولاد ایران، چین بزرگترین بازار صادرات سنگ آهن اوکراین می باشد و در این مدت حدود ۶۱ درصد صادرات اوکراین به چین بوده است. همچنین قابل ذکر است در اوکراین برخی از ذخایر بزرگ سنگ آهن دنیا به ظرفیت ۳۰ میلیارد تن موجود است و ۴٫۵ درصد کل تولید سنگ آهن دنیا را در دست دارد.پاسخ سوال
سلام نازنینم.
در ابتدا باید بدانیم که منظورتان این است که یک بسته و نیم قرص را پشت سر هم مصرف نموده اید؟ اگر بله علت چه بوده؟
اگر دستور پزشکتان بوده پیش از هرکاری باید به خود ایشان اطلاع دهید تا تصمیمیری نمایند.
اما اگر خودسر چنین اقدامی کرده اید، بله باید مصرف قرص را قطع کنید.ماندگاری ۴۰۰ تا ۵۰۰ ساله ظروف یکبار مصرف پلاستیکی در طبیعت و آلوده کردن منابع آبی زیر زمینی و بروز بیماری در انسان ها برخی از مضرات این ظروف است که متاسفانه در چند سال گذشته مصرف آن در کشور به وفور دیده می شود.
در این راستا و با هدف کاهش مصرف ظروف یکبار مصرف پلاستیکی طرح حذف و ساماندهی این ظروف در آیین های مذهبی و ملی در سال ۸۷ از سوی انجمن کوهستان سبز به شورای شهر تهران ارائه و مورد موافقت اعضاء قرار گرفت.
حسین عبیری گلپایگانی مدیر انجمن کوهستان سبز و فعال محیط زیست در این باره به خبرنگار علمی ایرنا گفت: بعد از ارائه این طرح به شورای شهر تهران کمیته ای متشکل از نمایندگان ستاد محیط زیست و توسعه پایدار شهرداری، وزارت بهداشت درمان و آموزش پزشکی، امور مساجد، سازمان تبلیغات اسلامی و دانشگاه های علوم پزشکی تشکیل شد.
وی افزود: در سال اول کار دو منطقه ۱۵ و ۱۹ تهران را به عنوان پایلوت انتخاب و کار اجرایی این طرح را آغاز کردیم و بعد از آن در سالهای بعدی هر جا که مراسمی بود حاضر شده و از افراد درخواست می کردیم از ظروف یکبار مصرف استفاده نکرده یا حداقل کمتر استفاده کنند.
این فعال محیط زیست ادامه داد: ابتدا روی حذف ظروف یکبار مصرف کار می کردیم اما متوجه شدیم که کالای جایگزین مناسبی برای آن وجود ندارد ، اگر هم هست ظروف بر پایه گیاهی است که هم کم و هم گران است و یا ظروف قدیمی ملامین و استیل است که استفاده از آنها برای همه مقدور نیست.
وی با بیان اینکه بعد از آن وارد فاز ساماندهی شدیم گفت: چون پایه ظروف یکبار مصرف از ماده نفتی است از این رو ریختن غذای گرم به ویژه دمای بالاتر از ۳۵ درجه موجب آزاد شدن مواد نفتی می شود و فردی که از آن غذا استفاده می کند این مواد وارد خونش می شود و در طولانی مدت فرد را دچار مشکل می کند.
عبیری افزود: این ظروف مدت ۴۰۰ تا ۵۰۰ سال در طبیعت باقی می مانند که در این مدت خسارات جبران ناپذیری بر طبیعت وارد می کنند، ضمن اینکه پایه اصلی آنها مواد نفتی است و نفت هم ماده ارزشمندی است در حالی که صرف تهیه محصولاتی می شود که در نهایت نیم تا یک ساعت و نیم ماندگاری دارند.
وی ادامه داد: بر این اساس تلاش کردیم تا از ظروف یکبار مصرف کمتر استفاده شود و تاکید ما بیشتر در نذری ها است.
عبیری تاکید کرد: همچنین درکنار آن بر روی نریختن این ظروف به عنوان زباله بر روی زمین هم کار کردیم تا اینکه به نظر می رسد تلاش ها نتیجه داد چون امسال مردم برخورد بسیار مناسب تری داشتند و سعی می کردند زباله کمتری بر روی زمین بریزند، هر چند سال های اول دشوار بود اما اکنون به نظر می رسد این تفکر در حال بلوغ است.
به گفته وی امروزه تعداد زیادی از انجمن های زیست محیطی وارد عمل شده اند و به ما در اجرای این طرح کمک می کنند.
طرح حذف و ساماندهی ظروف یک بار مصرف پلاستیکی در مراسم دینی و ملی توسط انجمن کوشهات سبز انجام شد و در نخستین جشنواره تجربیات موفق سمن های محیط زیستی که چندی پیش در سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست برگزار شد، حائز رتبه شد، در این جشنواره ۳۵ تجربه موفق معرفی شد که این طرح هم جزو برترین ها بود.
علمی ۹۰۱۴** ۱۷۰۱
خبرنگار: کیمیا عبدالله پور* انتشار دهنده: حمید قدیمی
انتهای پیام /*
نوشته طرح حذف و ساماندهی ظروف یکبار مصرف پلاستیکی گامی به جلو اولین بار در وی طب پدیدار شد.March 7, 2017
Three broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) working together in an HIV-positive person may explain how this individual controlled HIV for 30 years without antiretroviral therapy (ART). Almost 90% of HIV strains circulating in this person remained sensitive to at least one of the three bNAbs.
In some people infected with HIV, antibodies that potently neutralize a range of HIV strains develop over time. When passively transferred to mice or monkeys, these bNAbs can treat or prevent HIV infection. But because viral strains infecting an individual and that person's antibodies evolve together, bNAbs that evolve during chronic infection typically do not control HIV in that person. To learn more about this coevolution, researchers from Rockefeller University and colleagues at other centers analyzed antibodies and viral strains in a person who maintained low viral loads for 30 years without ART.
Diagnosed with HIV in 1986, this individual controlled HIV replication well without ART. Researchers first detected HIV-neutralizing activity in this person in 2006, when the viral load lay below 400 copies/mL. That activity increased through 2010 and remained broad and potent in subsequent years. During that time, the investigators detected three different bNAbs -- BG1, BG18 and NC37 -- which neutralize HIV by binding to three nonoverlapping sites of the HIV envelope protein. BG18 is the strongest member of its bNAb class. Individually, BG1 neutralized 37% of HIV isolates in a 118-isolate panel, BG18 neutralized 64% and NC37 neutralized 33%. Combined in a 1:1:1 ratio, the three bNAbs neutralized 81% of the 118 isolates.
Single-genome sequencing of HIV in samples collected from this person over nine years identified a diverse group of 35 circulating viruses. Of these 35 viruses, only four proved resistant to the combined three bNAbs. The other 31 viruses remained sensitive to at least one of the three bNAbs.
Next, the research team tested the three bNAbs against an HIV lab strain used to infect humanized mice. A 1:1:1 combination of the three bNAbs reduced viral loads by an average 1.48 log10 copies/mL (30-fold) soon after bNAb administration. With twice-weekly dosing for three weeks, six of the nine mice had an undetectable viral load after three weeks. The investigators conclude that the combined bNAbs "mediate potent and durable suppression of viremia in humanized mice infected with HIV-1YU2."
The bottom line, the researchers propose, is that a high proportion of viruses
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numerous awards at film festivals, including the Chicago International Film Festival in 2004.
In recent years, as Vietnam's film industry has made efforts to modernize and move beyond the government-backed propaganda films, contemporary Vietnamese filmmakers have gained a wider audience with films such as Buffalo Boy, Bar Girls, The White Silk Dress, and Muoi.
Vietnamese literature is literature, both oral and written, created largely by Vietnamese-speaking people, although Francophone Vietnamese and English-speaking Vietnamese authors in Australia and the United States are counted by many critics as part of the national tradition. For much of its history, Vietnam was dominated by China and as a result much of the written work during this period was in Classical Chinese. Chữ nôm, created around the tenth century, allowed writers to compose in Vietnamese using modified Chinese characters. Although regarded as inferior to Chinese, it gradually grew in prestige. It flourished in the eighteenth century when many notable Vietnamese writers and poets composed their works in chữ nôm and when it briefly became the official written script.
While the quốc ngữ script was created in the seventeenth century, it did not become popular outside of missionary groups until the early twentieth century, when the French colonial administration mandated its use in French Indochina. By the mid-twentieth century, virtually all Vietnamese works of literature were composed in quốc ngữ.
Some defining works of literature include The Tale of Kieu by Nguyen Du, and Luc Van Tien by Nguyen Dinh Chieu.
Legendary female poetess Ho Xuan Huong (born near the end of the eighteenth century) composed much of her poetry in Chu nom, and most of it has been translated into Quoc ngu for modern Vietnamese. Her poetry continues to be widely popular. The works of some poets such as the famous Mandarin official Duong Khue were adapted into songs that are still famous today, such as the Ca trù-genre song "Hồng hồng, tuyết tuyết."
Vietnamese poetry, along with much folk "literature," is primarily an oral tradition, because until the twentieth century literacy was restricted mostly to scholars and the elite.
- ↑ Vietnam Art Books, The creative beginning. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Charles Higham, The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia (Cambridge World Archaeology, 1996, ISBN 0-521-56505-7).
- ↑ Vietnam Art Books, Pottery and ceramics during Chinese rule. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Vietnam.vn, VietNamNet Bridge. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Vietnam Art Books, Pottery and ceramics during Chinese rule. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Ibid.
- ↑ Vietscape, Chua Hong—Perfume Pagoda. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ↑ Asia-Art, Art of Vietnam. Retrieved October 24, 2008.
- ↑ Vietnamese Art Work, Dong Ho Paintings. Retrieved October 23, 2008.
- Hejzlar, Josef, Werner Forman, and Bedřich Forman. The Art of Vietnam. London: Hamlyn, 1973. ISBN 0600391256.
- Higham, Charles. The Bronze Age of Southeast Asia. Cambridge World Archaeology, 1996. ISBN 0-521-56505-7.
- Noppe, Catherine, and Jean-François Hubert. Art of Vietnam. Temporis collection. New York: Parkstone. 2003. ISBN 1859958605.
- Taylor, Nora A. Painters in Hanoi: An Ethnography of Vietnamese art. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 2004. ISBN 0824826132.
- Tran Van Khe/Nguyen Thuyet Phong. "Vietnam, V, vi:Theater." In Sadie, Stanley, and John Tyrrell. The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians. New York: Grove. 2001. ISBN 1561592390.
All links retrieved October 23, 2008.
- Dong Son bronze drums (Photo collection)
- Vietnamese blockwood prints
- Brief history of Vietnamese ceramics and pottery
- Dong Ho painting article and picture collections.
- Brief history
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Note: Some restrictions may apply to use of individual images which are separately licensed.به گزارش اکونگار، شرکت برق و انرژی پیوند گسترپارس در 3 ماهه نخست سال جاری توانست حدود 122 میلیارد تومان از فروش و ارائه آمادگی، فروش انرژی و فروش قراردادهای دو جانبه درآمد کسب کند که نسبت به دوره مشابه سال گذشته 26 درصد رشد داشته است. پس از کسر هزینه بهای تمام شده درآمدها، سود ناخالص 63 میلیارد تومانی برای نماد بورسی بپیوند رقم خورد که رشد 15 درصدی را در فصل بهار گزارش میکند.
برق و انرژی پیوند گسترپارس در بهار سال جاری موفق به ثبت سود عملیاتی 60 میلیارد تومانی شد که در مقایسه با بهار سال قبل 14 درصد رشد را تجربه کرد؛ اما با کسر هزینه های مالی و افزایش سایر درآمدهای سه ماهه نخست به سود عملیاتی، سود فصل بهار شرکت به دست آمد که بر این اساس بپیوند توانست در پایان بهار بالغ بر 51 میلیارد تومان سود خالص شناسایی کند که در مقایسه با سال گذشته حدود 27 درصد افزایش داشته است.
حاشیه سود ناخالص در این دوره 51 درصد، حاشیه سود عملیاتی 49 درصد و حاشیه سود خالص 41 درصد است. البته گفتنی است که حاشیه سود خالص بپیوند نسبت به سال مالی گذشته 5 درصد و حاشیه سود ناخالص نیز 5 درصد کاهش داشتهاند. شرکت برق و انرژی پیوند گسترپارس در بهار سال جاری موفق به تحقق 170 ریال سود خالص به ازای هر سهم شد. سود محقق شده ی هر سهم در بهار 1401 عدد 149 ریال بود که اکنون شاهد رشد 14 درصدی است.Vittorio Feltri: 'Zelensky deve andarsene fuori dai piedi'
Commento di Deborah Fait
A destra: Volodymyr Zelensky
Adesso rincarerò la dose così mi guadagnerò definitivamente l'appellativo di guerrafondaia da tastiera perché parlerò (male) di Vittorio Feltri che da grande vecchio liberale è diventato un pacifinto qualunque. Feltri mi piaceva perché, col suo solito modo burbero, ha detto sempre ciò che pensava fregandosene delle reazioni dei benpensanti spesso scandalizzati dalle sue espressioni poco ortodosse. Tutto mi aspettavo da lui meno che si adattasse al pensiero unico che chiede, paciosamente e vilmente, la resa dell'Ucraina, un'assurdità che nasconde una crudeltà tremenda perché chi vuole la resa, in definitiva, si aspetta che i russi si sentano liberi di massacrare la gente. Su Rete 4, a Stasera Italia, Feltri ha definito Zelensky "un comico e un assassino" replicando cinicamente che morire per dignità o per cancro è esattamente la stessa cosa e , ha continuato, "se Zelensky se ne andasse fuori dai piedi la questione ucraina sarebbe già risolta". Dimostrando di essere fuori dalla realtà, Feltri ha anche ribadito che Putin avrebbe travolto l'esercito "del comicissimo presidente ucraino". Errore, caro Feltri, in realtà i russi hanno subito una bella batosta, hanno trovato una resistenza formidabile che dopo 20 giorni di combattimenti ha provocato notevoli perdite al nemico impedendogli di entrare, almeno per il momento, nella capitale, Kiev.
Vittorio Feltri
"L'esercito ex sovietico, mille volte più forte e aggressivo dei soldati improvvisati e male equipaggiati, avrebbe travolto gli ucraini". Niente da fare, Feltri, altra analisi sbagliatissima, la Russia non sta vincendo e il popolo ucraino è tutto con il suo presidente. Fortunatamente esistono ancora l'amore per la propria terra e il coraggio di arrivare a morire per essa. Molti lo trovano stupido senza rendersi conto che ogni nazione è nata dopo una lotta per la libertà e, purtroppo, dopo tanti morti. A chi mi ha scritto che la pace si fa con la pace ho risposto che la pace si ottiene con la lotta, i fiori nei cannoni vanno bene nelle canzoni non nella realtà dei fatti. Se Israele, all'inizio della sua storia moderna, si fosse arreso durante le guerre di aggressione dei paesi arabi, mille volte più numerosi e meglio armati, sarebbe stato distrutto già nel 1947. Non si è arreso perchè voleva vivere, ha lottato strenuamente e con coraggio, continua a lottare e ad esistere più bello e forte che mai. Feltri mi ha delusa, ero sicura che si sarebbe ribellato alla miseria del pensiero unico che vuole la resa di un intero popolo, ero certa che, dato il suo carattere sempre fuori dagli schemi, avrebbe difeso il coraggio e la ricerca della libertà di un popolo. Costringerlo alla resa significherebbe uccidere la sua anima, il suo onore e la sua dignità, valori che Zelensky e il popolo ucraino dimostrano mille volte di avere. Per chi, sui social, accusa l'Ucraina di nazismo mi permetto di copiare quanto scrive l'amico Daniele Coppin, "In Russia i gruppi neo nazisti sono almeno tredici: Battaglione Sparta, Unità Nazionale Russsa, Esercito Ortodosso Russo, Battaglione Svarozich, Alba Ortodossa, Legione di Santo Stefano, Distaccamento Jovan Sevic, Unione della Gioventù Eurasiatica, Movimento Imperiale Russo, Unione Slava, Battaglione Rusich, Battaglione Ratibor, Interbrigate. Intanto i missili Grad continuano a cadere sui civili ucraini, oggi è stato bombardato il teatro di Mariupol dove più di 1000 persone avevano trovato rifugio, ancora non si conosce il numero delle vittime, si sa però che le truppe russe hanno catturato 500 ostaggi ricoverati nell'ospedale della città martire. Adesso, concludendo, a chi continua a blaterare di set cinematografico ( perché anche questo è stato detto senza nessuna vergogna), di fake news, di propaganda ucraina consiglierei un bel libro di Massimo Parente, il titolo è "Scemocrazia"…buona lettura.
Deborah Fait
"Gerusalemme, capitale unica e indivisibile dello Stato di Israele"Objectives: To determine the prevalence of elevated blood pressure (BP) and potential predictors of SBP and DBP in urban Australian aboriginal children. Methods: The Study of Environment on Aboriginal Resilience and Child Health is a prospective cohort study of urban Aboriginal children attending four Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Services in New South Wales, Australia. Clinical measures included a manual BP measured by research officers using standardized protocols. BP z-scores adjusted for sex, age, and height were used in regression analyses. Hypertension was defined as a BP at least 95th centile and prehypertension at least 90th centile. Factors considered in relation to BP included child (BMI, dietary history, socioeconomic status, sedentary behavior) and caregiver measures (BP and caregiver stress). Results: Overall, data from 657 children, aged 2-17 years and their caregivers, collected from 2008 to 2011, were included. Median child age was 6.3 years (interquartile range: 4.0, 9.9); 15.6% (95% confidence interval 12.2-19.1%) had hypertension and 12.3% (9.2-5.5%) prehypertension. Following adjustment, the strongest predictor of BP was caregiver BP (0.15 increase in systolic z-score per 10 mmHg of caregiver BP, 95% confidence interval 0.07-0.24, P < 0.001); child BMI z-score was significantly related to diastolic [0.08 increase (0.01-0.15) per mg/m 2 BMI increase, P = 0.03] but not SBP [0.08 increase (-0.01 to 0.16) per mg/m 2 BMI increase, P = 0.08]. None of the other factors examined were significantly related to BP. Conclusion: BP is frequently elevated in urban aboriginal children. The strongest predictors of BP were caregiver BP and child BMI. Based on these data, and given the strong community linkages of aboriginal people, we recommend family-based interventions to reduce BP in this high-risk group.What Does Carbon Neutral Mean?
Carbon exists in the earth’s atmosphere, primarily as the gas carbon dioxide (CO2) and plays an important role in supporting life. Trees and plants pull carbon out of the atmosphere to support their growth. Conversely, when they die and rot or are burned, they naturally release the same amount of carbon back into the atmosphere creating what is called a “carbon neutral" process.
Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming
Unlike carbon neutral fuels such as wood, when fossil fuels like coal, petroleum and natural gas are burned, they release old carbon that has been deep in the earth for millions of years, effectively off-setting the carbon equilibrium in the atmosphere. Industry’s rate of fossil fuel emissions or “greenhouse gases" account for the steady rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. It is these greenhouse gasses that are associated with global warming and climate change.
Wood energy does not contribute to global warming because when sustainable harvested wood is burned, it releases the same amount of carbon dioxide that would be released naturally in the forest.
Wood-The Natural Energy Choice for Industry
Choosing to burn wood is a sound economic decision which also supports an environmentally restorative cycle. Energy generated with Biomass fuel in a clean burning combustion system, benefits both industry and the environment. Wood Energy strengthens industry by reducing dependence on greenhouse gas fossil fuels and lessening wood waste’s burden on landfills.Andrew Jackson’s contradictions a reflection of America
- Jackson's complexity and affiliation with democracy bring us back to him as a cultural lodestar.
- Mark R. Cheathem is a professor of history at Cumberland University in Lebanon.
Americans interested in Andrew Jackson’s contributions to our nation’s history should thank the Trump administration for keeping Old Hickory in the headlines.
From the president’s comments about Jackson’s role in avoiding the Civil War to former Trump adviser Steve Bannon’s explicit connection between the seventh and 45th presidents, Jackson has received more attention in the past nine months than he has in a long time.
This attention has led to mixed opinions. Some observers have found renewed reason to focus on Jackson’s populism and his fight against the Washington establishment, government corruption and powerful financial interests. Others have emphasized Jackson’s disregard for racial minorities, expressed most obviously in his ownership of African Americans as slaves and his prosecution of a removal policy for Native Americans.
Unlike the mythology that accompanied the retelling of Old Hickory’s life for many decades after his death, most people now understand that Jackson, like all presidents and like all of us, was a flawed human being, as capable of courageous and self-sacrificial acts as he was repugnant acts that brought condemnation, both then and now.
It is both Jackson’s complexity and his identification with American democracy that continues to bring us back to him as a cultural lodestar. Unlike Thomas Jefferson, Jackson did not write a founding document to which we continue to refer for eternal truths about our nation. Unlike George Washington, Jackson was not a president who seemingly stood above the political fray. And, unlike Abraham Lincoln, Jackson did not attempt to find a way to solve one of our nation’s largest issues, the enslavement of African Americans.
Instead, in words that echo Jackson’s first posthumous biographer, James Parton, Old Hickory was a set of contradictions. He was a wealthy populist, a champion of the common man who built his wealth largely through the exploitation of Native American land and enslaved labor. He was a states’ rights nationalist who championed Georgia’s right to displace Native Americans in the face of a Supreme Court decision that said otherwise, yet he threatened military force when South Carolina refused to enforce a federal tariff law. He was an activist president who believed in the limited power of the national government.
In other words, Jackson was someone who was principled, until he wasn’t.
This paradoxical Jackson is the man with whom we identify. Instead of an unknowable demi-god who founded the nation or a martyr who led the nation through a civil war, Jackson is the America we recognize. We come back to him because we ourselves are a nation of contradictions.
At times, we celebrate our democratic institutions; at other times, we act as if only our socioeconomic class or racial group matters. We embrace immigrants until we perceive that they threaten us. We say that we hate big government, but when we need its benefits, we swallow that criticism.
We continue to pay attention to Jackson because it is in our national DNA. We need to understand him and his inconsistencies in order to understand our own. Jackson often failed to recognize his personal contradictions. We should do better.
Mark R. Cheathem is a professor
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affermano i ricercatori.
Gli scienziati avvertono che la nuova miscela non può essere utilizzata immediatamente. Ciò richiede prima ulteriori ricerche. “Se sei su un aereo, ti piace l’idea che il materiale per impedirti di cadere da grandi altezze sia stato sviluppato solo pochi mesi fa? O vuoi che il materiale venga testato un po’ più a lungo e che Capiamo, ecco perché ci vogliono anni, persino decenni, per applicare i materiali nel mondo reale.26 Ocak 2014 tarihinde gerçekleştirilecek olan 56. Grammy Ödülleri’nde Metallica canlı bir performans sergileyecek. Bu canlı performansta gruba, Lang Lang isimli ünlü piyanist eşlik edecek. 1982 doğumlu piyanist Çin’li olmasına karşı New York’ta yaşıyor ve Amerika’da bir çok orkestraya şeflik yapıyor. Aşağıdaki fotoğraf Metalsucks tarafından hazırlanmış.
Metallica’nın 1992 yılından bu yana Grammy’de ilk defa sahne alacağını belirtmekte fayda var. Black Album ile 1992 yılında Grammy kazanan grup, ilk defa o yıl Grammy sahnesinde performans sergilemişti. O performansı aşağıdan seyredebilirsiniz.Considering the important distinctions between CBD and THC and their preferred origin, it is only fitting to detail the difference between these cannabis types.
Emerging medicinal relevance of CBD combined with efficient extraction and isolation methods mean hemp may be the ideal source for CBD isolates and plant-based (FDA-approved) therapeutics.
Unlike hemp, which can have THC concentrations below 0.3% or lower, marijuana and more specifically Cannabis sativa and Cannabis indica, may possess upwards of 20% THC or more.
The differences extend far beyond the relative concentrations of CBD versus THC and the medical differences between these plants. The distinct structure of the plants, and the locations of cannabinoid concentrations, necessitate specific methods for the cultivation, harvesting, raw material processing, milling, extraction, purification, and testing.
The more recent interest in CBD as a potential therapeutic has expanded the footprint of not only the cannabis growing and processing areas of the industry, but the legal and political aspects as well.فی ترنی، ملوان زن بریتانیایی بازداشت شده توسط جمهوری اسلامی ایران که بیش از ۱۵ ملوان و تفنگدار دريايی دیگر این کشور مورد توجه رسانه های گروهی قرار گرفته است برای اولین مصاحبه خود ۲۰۰ هزار دلار دریافت کرد.
به نوشته روزنامه انگليسی گاردين، تلويزيون غير دولتی آی.تی.وی. و روزنامه سان به طور مشترک برای مصاحبه با فی ترنی، مبلغ ۱۰۰ هزار پوند، ۱۹۷۰۰۰ دلار، به او پرداخته اند که معادل چهار برابر حقوق سالانه اوست.
وی در گفت و گو با روزنامه پر تيراژ «سان» در لندن مي گويد، بازجويان ايرانی از او پرسيده اند که در باره جان فدا کردن برای کشورش چه احساسی دارد؟
فی ترنی مي گوید: در دوران بازداشتش در ايران، بازجويان او را تهديد کرده بودند اگر آنچه را که آنها می خواهند انجام ندهد به عنوان جاسوس سال ها در زندان خواهد ماند.
فی ترنی، ملوان ۲۵ ساله که يک دختر سه ساله دارد در مصاحبه روز دوشنبه، نهم آوريل، با روزنامه سان مي گويد: «هنگامی که ما را گرفتند، هراس داشتم که مورد تجاوز قرار بگيرم.»
وی مي افزايد: در پنج روز نخست پس از دستگيرشدن در آب های خليج فارس در زندان انفرادی بوده است.
ملوان نيروی دريايی بريتانيا همچنين مي گويد: «در بامداد يک روز در نزديکی سلول صدای اره شدن چوب و ضربات چکش بر ميخ را می شنيدم و پس از مدتی يک زن به درون سلول آمد و قد و بالای مرا اندازه گرفت. اين دو موضوع مرا متقاعد کرد که آنها سرگرم ساختن تابوت برای من هستند.»
ملوان نيروی دريايی بريتانيا همچنين مي گويد:«در بامداد يک روز در نزديکی سلول صدای اره شدن چوب و ضربات چکش بر ميخ را می شنيدم و پس از مدتی يک زن به درون سلول آمد و قد و بالای مرا اندازه گرفت. اين دو موضوع مرا متقاعد کرد که آنها سرگرم ساختن تابوت برای من هستند.»
در مدت ۱۳ روزی که ملوانان بريتانيايی در ايران در بازداشت بودند، سه نامه از فی ترنی توسط جمهوری اسلامی منتشر شد که در يکی از آنها نوشته بود، او قربانی سياست های دولت آمريکا و بريتانيا شده است. وی در مصاحبه با روزنامه سان مي گويد که «اين نامه ها را عمداَ به صورتی نوشته است که دوستان و افراد خانواده اش پی ببرند که تحت فشار تن به اين کار داده است.»
۱۵ ملوان و تفنگدار دريايی بريتانيا پنج شنبه گذشته در بازگشت به انگليس ادعا کردند که در دوران بازداشت خود در ايران به آنها چشم بند زده بودند و در سلول انفرادی نگهداری می شدند.
شنبه گذشته وزارت دفاع بريتانيا برای نخستين بار اعلام کرد که اين عده از پرسنل نيروی دريايی مجازند ماجراهای خود در ايران را به رسانه ها بفروشند.
صدور اجازه فروش آنچه که بر ۱۵ ملوان بريتانيايی در ايران گذشته است، از سوی برخی از دولتمردان و نظاميان ارشد انگليسی مورد انتقاد قرار گرفته است.
«ويليام هيگ» نماينده مجلس عوام بريتانيا و سخنگوی امور خارجه حزب محافظه کار مي گويد که اين کار باعث از دست دادن شان و احترام نيروهای مسلح می شود.
سرهنگ «باب استوارت»، فرمانده پيشين نيروهای پاسدار صلح در بوسنی نيز مي گويد: «فروش ماجراهای نظاميان به روزنامه ها اقدامی بي سابقه است اما بازداشت اين ۱۵ نفر موضوعی نيست که در تاريخ نيروی دريايی بريتانيا با شکوه به نظر برسد.什麼是選擇性緘默症?
選擇性緘默症是一種焦慮症，患者雖然可以正常説話，但在特定情境下就說不出口，還可能會衍生出其他焦慮問題，以至影響他們的社交生活和情緒狀態。
他們大部份在家裡都能正常說話，但在學校或陌生地方就會凍著或說不出話，敏感的家長會較易發現選擇性緘默症的孩子的症狀。如發現孩子很怕陌生人，即使到公園玩也怕和其他孩子一起玩，會緊握家長的手不願走近人，外人看來甚至會以為孩子是不會說話甚至語言發展遲緩，但當回到熟悉的環境(如家裡)又可以回復正常。
焦慮症類別, 選擇性緘默症（selective mutism）
《精神疾病診斷與統計手冊》第五版 (DSM 5, 2013)
1. 緘默應一致地發生於需要說話的情境（如教育、工作或社交場合）
2. 該孩童或成人在其他情境可以說話
3. 障礙持續超過一個月（開始上學的第一個月除外）
4. 緘默並非歸因於其他病症，如溝通障礙、自閉症、精神分裂症或其他精神障礙，或者其他因素，例如對於該情境所使用的語言缺乏知識或自信（該孩童或成人可能剛遷移至新的文化環境）。2010 Dünya Kupası Avrupa Elemeleri'nde oynayacağı Ermenistan ve Belçika maçları için İstanbul'da kampa giren A Milli Takımı'mız, hazırlıklarını kapalı kapılar ardında yaptığı antrenmanla sürdürdü.
Dün sabah Ali Sami Yen Stadı'nda çalışan millilerin, bugün ve çarşamba günü yapacakları antrenmanlar ise basına açılacak. 5 Eylül Cuma günü saat 09.30'da özel bir uçakla Ermenistan'ın başkenti Erivan'a gidecek Milli Takım, aynı gün maçın yapılacağı Hrazdan Stadı'nda antrenman yapacak.
Milliler, 6 Eylül Cumartesi günü Ermenistan ile yapacağı maçın ardından İstanbul'a dönerek yine kampa girecek ve Belçika maçının hazırlıklarına başlayacak. Bu arada Milli Takımlar Teknik Direktörü Fatih Terim, 2 Eylül ve 9 Eylül'de Swisotel'de saat 11.00'de, 5 Eylül'de de Erivan'ın Hrazdan Stadı'nda saat 17.30'da basın toplantıları düzenleyecek.
Bu arada İspanya'nın Real Betis takımında ilk resmî maçına çıkan ve 22. dakikada sakatlanan milli futbolcu Mehmet Aurelio'nun durumunun ciddi olmadığı, ancak A Milli Takım'ın Ermenistan ve Belçika ile yapacağı maçlarda yer almayacağı öğrenildi.
Öte yandan 2009 Avrupa Ümitler Futbol Şampiyonası Eleme Grubu'nda Çek Cumhuriyeti ve Ermenistan ile karşılaşacak Ümit Milli Takımı toplandı.
Polat Renaissance Otel'de bir araya gelen Ümit Milli Takım, akşam saatlerinde de Çek Cumhuriyeti ile yapacağı karşılaşma için Bursa'ya gitti. Ümit Milli Takım Teknik Direktörü Hami Mandıralı ise yaptığı açıklamada, "Çek Cumhuriyeti, bizden 1 puan önde. Kazanmamız gereken bir mücadele. Takımda sıkıntı yok. Hepsi formda." diye konuştu. 6 Eylül'de Çek Cumhuriyeti ile karşılaşacak ümitler, bu mücadelenin ardından 7 Eylül Pazar günü Ermenistan mücadelesi için İstanbul'a dönecek.اگر شما یا فرزندتان تا به حال ورزش های گروهی انجام داده اید، میدانید که چقدر برای یادگیری و پیشرفت مفید هستند. عضویت در یک تیم به شما مسئولیت پذیری، اخلاق ورزشی خوب و همکاری برای یک هدف مشترک را می آموزد.
با این حال، هم تیمی خوب بودن همیشه به طور طبیعی به وجود نمی آید. پرورش رفتار خوب هم تیمی در زمانی که فرزندتان ورزش را آغاز می کند، مهم است، زیرا این ویژگی ها فراتر از بازی است و در بسیاری از جنبه های زندگی آنها اعمال می شود. برای آشنایی بیشتر با نحوه آموزش هم تیمی بودن به فرزندتان، ادامه مطلب را بخوانید.
مزایای ورزش تیمی
به گفته امی مورین، روان درمانگر و نویسنده بین المللی، ورزشهای گروهی فواید رشدی فراوانی برای بچهها دارد. اینها شامل آموزش مهارت های حرکتی مانند هماهنگی دست و چشم یا لگد زدن به توپ، مهارت های اجتماعی از طریق تعامل با همسالان و مهارت های ارتباطی لازم برای تمرین کار گروهی است.
علاوه بر مزایای رشد، انجام ورزش های سازمان یافته همچنین به بچه ها می آموزد که چگونه رهبران و پیروان خوبی باشند، به آنها کمک می کند تا یاد بگیرند که چگونه با برد و باخت کنار بیایند، و به آنها در مورد کار سخت، فداکاری و پشتکار می آموزند.
ورزش های گروهی به بچه ها درس های مهمی از زندگی می آموزد، مانند نحوه برخورد با موقعیت ها و نتایجی که ایده آل نیستند.
کودکی که ورزش را دوست دارد ساعت ها به تمرین و تکمیل تکنیک خود می پردازد تا با هر بازی بهتر شود. این سطح از فداکاری و اخلاق کاری یک درس زندگی عالی است که به کودکان کمک می کند تا برای چالش هایی که ممکن است در بزرگسالی با آنها مواجه شوند آماده شوند.
چه چیزی یک هم تیمی خوب را می سازد؟
هم تیمی خوب بودن به معنای داشتن روحیه ورزشی خوب است. این به معنای حمایت از هم تیمیها در زمانی که خوب بازی میکنند، نیست. تشویق همتایان خود پس از به ثمر رساندن گل آسان است. چالش نشان دادن حمایت زمانی است که هم تیمی شما ضربه ای را از دست میدهد.
وقتی همه چیز در یک بازی خوب پیش نمیرود، نگرش و زبان بدن بازیکن روی سایر هم تیمیها تأثیر میگذارد. نحوه برخورد بازیکن با شکست و نیز بر نحوه نگاه مربی به آنها تأثیر می گذارد.داشتن نگرش مثبت، احترام به هم تیمیها و مربی، و همچنین فروتنی، همه ویژگیهایی هستند که یک هم تیمی خوب را میسازند.
چگونه رفتار خوب هم تیمی را در فرزندان خود تقویت کنیم
اگرچه روحیه ورزشی خوب در زمین و از طریق تعاملات تیمی آموخته می شود، والدین نیز می توانند در ترویج رفتار خوب هم تیمی نقش داشته باشند.
ستایش کردن
یکی از راههای تشویق رفتار خوب همتیمی، نحوه تعریف و تمجید والدین است. والدین باید بچههایشان را به خاطر ورزش خوب و تشویق هم تیمیهایشان تحسین کنند، برخلاف تعداد امتیازهایی که در بازی به دست آوردهاند
پرسیدن سوالاتی مانند “امروز زمانی است که واقعاً نشان دادی هم تیمی خوبی هستی؟” و “بهترین هم تیمی در تیم شما کیست و چرا؟” جرقه مکالماتی است که بچه ها را به این فکر می اندازد که چرا هم تیمی خوب بودن مهم است و چگونه خودشان این کار را انجام دهند.
والدین باید به جای اینکه سعی کنند کودک خود را مربیگری کنند و به او بگویند چگونه بازی کند، روی تلاش برای القای نگرش مثبت در فرزندان خود تمرکز کنند. “شما نمی توانید نتیجه بازی را کنترل کنید، اما می توانید نگرش و نحوه واکنش خود را کنترل کنید. اگر انرژی مثبت را به هر بازی وارد کنید، همیشه برتر خواهید بود.”
الگوسازی رفتار خوب هم تیمی
گاهی اوقات بهترین راه برای تشویق فرزندانتان به انجام کاری این است که به آنها نشان دهید. والدین می توانند رفتار خوب هم تیمی خود را در طول زمان بازی الگوبرداری کنند. خواه انجام یک بازی مونوپولی باشد یا یک بازی دوستانه بسکتبال خانوادگی، الگوبرداری از دیدگاه مثبت، حمایت و احترام برای همه، و لطف همراه با باخت یا برد، میتوانید به بچهها نشان دهید که چگونه یک هم تیمی خوب را در زمان واقعی تجسم کنند.
تماشای بازی های ورزشی
راه دیگری که می توانید به کودک خود بیاموزید همبازی خوبی باشد، تماشای بازی های ورزشی با هم است. دفعه بعد که تیم ورزشی مورد علاقه شما در حال بازی کردن است، با فرزند خود هماهنگ شوید و به نمونه های خاصی از اخلاق خوب ورزشی اشاره کنید.
شاید بازیکنان بعد از زدن یک گل مهم به همدیگر امتیازهای بالایی می دهند. یا شاید یکی از بازیکنان بازوی خود را دور دیگری میاندازد که نمایش برنده بازی را از دست داده است تا از آنها دلجویی کند. دیدن این ویژگی های خوب هم تیمی در یک بازی واقعی می تواند در پرورش این ویژگی ها در بچه ها بسیار مفید باشد.
ورزش های گروهی مزایای رشدی و اجتماعی زیادی برای بچه ها دارد، اما عضویت در یک تیم همیشه آسان نیست. مهم است که رفتار خوب هم تیمی را در فرزندان خود تقویت کنید تا بتوانند موفق شوند و شروع به ایجاد روابط کنند. شما می توانید به طرق مختلف به کودک خود بیاموزید که یک هم تیمی خوب باشد، از جمله الگوبرداری از هم تیمی خوب بودن، تعریف و تمجید کردن و تماشای بازی های ورزشی با هم.WPS'den XWD'ye dönüştürücü
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wps
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WPS dosya biçimi DOC biçimine çok benzer, aynı zamanda bir metin belgesi ancak Microsoft Works Sözcük İşlemcisi ile oluşturulmuştur; Ve bir Word belgesinin içerebileceği gelişmiş biçimlendirme seçenekleri ve makroları içermez. Microsoft Word'ün çoğu sürümü, bir WPS dosyası ve Microsoft Publisher'ı açabilir.
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Bu biçim uzak sunucu bakımı için X Windows Sistem kullanıcı arabiriminde sıkıştırılmamış biçimde arka plan görüntüleri depolamak için kullanılır. Bu istemci programının pencere veya arka plan 'dökümü' ya da ekran saklar. Bu XWD dosyası oluşturmak için kullanılan grafik kartı özelliklerine bağlı olarak farklı renklerde içerebilir.By: D Mackenzie
334 pages, B/w illus, tabs
First published in 1957, this book reflects the increased interest in goats and their agricultural potential. This edition brings the original text up-to-date, including new EC regulations and government Codes of Practice, the production of home-grown cashmere and mohair, as well as the new natural fibre, cashgora, obtained from cross-bred goats. Information on the formation of new societies for breeders and farmers of specialist breeds, the expansion of knowledge of nutritional needs of goats, and the increase in the number of large herds with the resulting availability of goat dairy produce in supermarkets is also included.
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Wildlife, science and conservation since 1985If Athens represents the glory that was Greece and the triumph of democracy, we need at this point to consider the antithesis of Athens: Sparta.
Whereas Athens achieved democracy on the back of the economic freedom given to it by money and the market economy, Sparta was the state that rejected money, rejected democracy and became a hugely successful militaristic monstrosity whose successes were much admired by the champagne socialists of classical Athens. Sparta produced a society that was the very opposite of Athens, rigidly organised with a state education system dedicated to training for war, and very successful in producing the
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.The more researchers learn about the effects of alcohol abuse, the more damaging it appears to be to the immune system. For example, alcohol abuse can cause liver inflammation, which can lead to cirrhosis of the liver and liver fibrosis (scarring). Long-term alcohol abuse also can lead to alcoholic cardiomyopathy, a condition in which the heart muscle weakens and fails to pump blood efficiently.
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جلد سخت سیاه و سفید_کتاب Advanced C++ Interview Questions You'll Most Likely Be Asked (Job Interview Questions Series)
منابع کتاب جلد سخت سیاه و سفید_کتاب Advanced C++ Interview Questions You'll Most Likely Be Asked (Job Interview Questions Series)
، یک همراه عالی برای ایستادن بالاتر از بقیه در بازار کار رقابتی امروز است. این کتاب به جای مرور راهنماهای مرجع جامع و به اندازه کتاب درسی، فقط شامل اطلاعاتی است که فوراً برای جستجوی شغلی مداوم برای حرفه فناوری اطلاعات لازم است. این کتاب دارای سوالات مصاحبه کدنویسی و برنامه نویسی است که به شما ایده ای از ماهیت پاسخ های مورد نیاز برای تأثیرگذاری در مصاحبه IT شما می دهد.
کتاب شامل:
این کتاب بخشی از مجموعه سوالات مصاحبه شغلی است که بیش از 75 کتاب به سوالات و پاسخ های مصاحبه فنی برای موضوعات مختلف مصاحبه و موضوعات مرتبط با منابع انسانی اختصاص داده شده است.
این سری از کتاب ها توسط مشاوران با تجربه و کارشناسان موضوعی نوشته شده است. این سوالات مصاحبه برنامه نویسی و کدنویسی که به صورت جلد شومیز و کتاب الکترونیکی نیز موجود است، به متقاضیان شغل کمک می کند تا مصاحبه های خود را انجام دهند و حرفه رویایی خود را شروع کنند.There was a slight chill in the Massachusetts air on the evening of February 13, 1818, which caused frost to gather around the windows of the houses in Quincy. From one window on 1250 Hancock Street, a frail old man could be seen sitting in front of a roaring fire, leaning over a dark cherry wooden writing table. The vigor of youth had long departed him: curly white hair made its way around the back and sides of his head, wrinkles covered his face, his right hand trembled like the world had trembled in his youth, and, according to him, his piercing blue eyes had become rusty.
Every pair of eyes holds a story, but this man’s eyes were filled with them. They proudly watched the proclamation of the American Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. They looked on in wonder at Versailles Palace, the home of the French King Louis XVI. They analyzed Pieterskirk Church’s structure in Leiden, where his Puritan forefathers had once worshiped. And in admiration, they watched George Washington become the first President of the United States of America in 1789. All in the name of patriotism.
This patriotism never left John Adams, and on this cold evening, it flowed from his pen. As he sat before the crackling fire, he lowered his trembling right hand onto the desk and asked Hezekiah Niles, the American publisher, “But what do we mean by the American Revolution? Do we mean the war?” No, Adams concluded. “The revolution was in the minds and hearts of the people; a change in their religious sentiments of their duties” before the war had even taken place.
Adams’s reference to religion implies that it was a significant part of his life. His religion revolved around the idea of human progress and was infused with the Puritan focus on education. Ultimately, Adams’s Revolutionary experience was one dominated by the need to ensure that humanity’s progress continued, which would allow the whole world to live in a place of happiness and liberty.
Adams claimed in 1823 that he was “born and bred in the centre of Theological and Ecclesiastical controversy.” Born in 1735, he was raised during the Enlightenment; a time in which new ideas spread and revolutionized thinking. Such ideas, like John Locke’s tabula rasa theory, made inroads in colonial society, as did ideas that connected morality and humanity. However, the emergence of these new ideas clashed with the First Great Awakening’s resurrection of religious emotionalism and faith in God.
The Awakening divided the colonial Congregational Churches. This period marked a shift in colonial religious thought as many began to move away from the traditional Calvinist doctrine of total depravity, unconditional election, limited atonement, irresistible grace, and the perseverance of the saint. The Awakening established two groups within the Congregational churches: the “New Lights” and “Old Lights.” The former group affirmed their commitment to God through blind faith and continued to subscribe to the traditional Calvinist doctrine. The latter, however, distanced themselves from such inflexible doctrines and started to practice liberal theology, also known as liberal Christianity. The New York Observer and Chronicle perfectly captured liberal theology’s revolutionary dimensions when it explained, “[Liberal theology] never encourages any rigid religious observances or a literal obedience of God’s world. ‘Liberal Christianity’ . . . leaves man to pursue . . . a course of normal and religious disciplines as suits their state.” Essentially, it allowed man to mold his own convictions and life to God’s model. Gary Dorrien argues that the liberal theological preachers, like Jonathon Mayhew and Lemuel Briant, wanted Christianity to incorporate ideas from the Enlightenment, which would then allow Christianity to impact the world in a positive way.
Liberal theology arrived in Adams’s life when he was approximately thirteen years old—a period in life where the human brain is known to be more receptive to new ideas and beliefs—and we can trace a significant shift in his religious thinking after his encounter with the tradition in 1749. It was around this time that he started to distance himself from Calvinism and showed an increasing dislike for dogmatic religion.
Adams listened to Briant preach his 1749 sermon, The Absurdity and Blasphemy of Depreciating Moral Values. The sermon outraged the “Ecclesiastical Councils” since it dismissed traditional Calvinist doctrine, advocated sovereignty over religious thought, and preached the need for humanity’s progression. Adams watched as the “Ecclesiastical Councils” met at his father’s house and, with an air of “Dogmatism and Bigotry,” discussed Briant’s conduct. After witnessing this, Adams feared he could not follow his father into a religious career because he would continually conflict with the council, which would make his “Life miserable without any prospect of doing any good” to humanity.
Adams’s second interaction with liberal theology came in 1750 when Mayhew preached his sermon A Discourse Concerning Unlimited Submission and Obedience to the Higher Powers. For Adams, Mayhew was a “transcendent genius” and one of the “most influential” people of the Revolutionary period. He later told Thomas Jefferson that Mayhew’s sermon “was incorporated into [his] nature and indelibly engraved on [his] memory.”
While Mayhew continued Briant’s theme of freedom of religious thought, he also connected religion and politics, expressing his anxiety over the idea of a combined church and state. Mayhew insisted the people must be vigilant about despotism within the political and religious spheres; the pair could cooperate to enslave the people by making them believe that God had stated they must be obedient to their rulers. To avoid this, Mayhew said, the people had to have supreme control over their religious thought; if they could do this, then they would realize that God had always wanted them to be a free people.He then returned to the principles of the colonists’ Puritan ancestors when he highlighted the colonists’ right to justified rebellion. He argued that if the ruler governed for the good of the public welfare, then the subjects should remain obedient and loyal. However, he claimed, if the ruler was to “rob and ruin the public, instead of being guardians of its peace and welfare, they immediately cease to be the ordinance and ministers of God.” Rebellion, therefore, was not sinful but justified: the ruler had broken their relationship with God by enslaving his people and making them unhappy.
Briant and Mayhew’s sermons shaped Adams’s religious thought. He concluded that man should be allowed to form their opinions about both God and the world. In 1755, he discussed his decision to reject a religious career with his friend Nathan Webb: “I shall have liberty to think for myself without molesting others or being molested [himself].” This liberal stance is even more evident when read alongside Adams’s other early letters and diary entries and discover his anti-Calvinist leanings. His son, John Quincy Adams, and grandson, Charles Francis Adams, later wrote that he detested Calvinism because it was a “domineering and persecuting spirit.”In 1755, Adams labeled Calvinism and John Calvin “frigid” and went on to write to his brother-in-law, Richard Cranch, in 1756, that “the frightful Engines of Ecclesiastical Co[u]ncils . . . and Calvinistical good nature” led him to reject a career in preaching. That same year, Adams dismissed the idea of total depravity in his diary; he could not understand how mankind was punished “by the Supreme being” because of “their own Wickedness and Vice.” In a 1761 letter to his cousin, Samuel Quincy, he proclaimed unconditional election to be “hurtful” and “detestable,” limited atonement to be a “strange religious dogma,” and the perseverance of the saints to be simply outlandish.
His liberal theology developed concurrently with this anti-Calvinist phase. C. Bradley Thompson argues that through the late 1750s and 1760s, Adams established his theory of religion, which revolved around Locke’s theory of tabula rasa. Locke’s thesis rejects the notion of innate ideas, especially the idea of God; instead, it suggests that man should use his experience through the five senses to find God for themselves. Once humans had these experiences, they would then use their rationality, which, Adams argued, God had gifted them to reach a valid conclusion. Once humans had attained enough knowledge and cultivated their rationality, they would then discover why God had put humanity on Earth. Adams explicitly stated this as he wrote in his diary, in 1756, “[God] has given me reason, to find out the truth and the real design of my existence here.” Additionally, he concluded that the “proper Business of Mankind” was not to chase the “Shadows, and empty but glittering Phantoms” of rank and money but the “everlasting Excellences of Piety and Virtue.” God had wanted man to take care of each other and gain God’s favor by doing this and showing continual devotion to God. This ultimately enabled mankind to live a happy life while allowing for human evolution.
This period impacted upon Adams’s revolutionary experience in a significant way; he now found himself with a new belief that, in part, revolved around caring for others. The Revolution, therefore, was seen by Adams as an event that allowed him to help his fellow man.
However, his belief in attaining knowledge to discover his moral duties highlights another aspect of his thought, which also appeared in much of his Revolutionary writings. Adams deeply believed in education and, in turn, his prolonged attachment to some of the Puritan traits prevalent during his childhood.
Adams expressed this belief in his 1765 A Dissertation on Canon and Feudal Law, which he wrote at the height of the Stamp Act crisis and when rumors within the colonies suggested the British would install a bishop in America. Although Adams refers to this piece of writing as “lamentable bagatelle” and historians, like Page Smith and Anne Husted Burleigh, describe it as historically inaccurate, one cannot help but agree with David McCullough’s assertion that Dissertation is one of Adams’s most important works.
His focus on the colonists’ Puritan ancestry—who had moved to the New World to escape persecution in England—meant Dissertationwas an early glimpse into Adams’s patriotic zeal. He claimed the Puritans arrived with traditional British rights and created a society based on “universal liberty, and a hatred, a dread, a horror, of the infernal confederacy” of ecclesiastical and civil tyranny. For Adams, knowledge, which consequently meant education, was what maintained this Utopian society since education provided new experiences for man.
Adams’s strong attachment to knowledge is evident when he insisted in Dissertation that knowledge was an essential defense mechanism against tyranny—his argument as a whole was a carbon copy of Mayhew’s in 1750. He concluded that when “a general knowledge and sensibility have prevailed among the people” tyranny would be nonexistent. In the opening line, he quoted John Tillotson, former Archbishop of Canterbury: “Ignorance and inconsideration are the two greatest causes of the ruin of mankind.” Adams then highlighted how the Puritans established grammar schools and colleges as a means of ensuring people attained knowledge. Elsewhere in Dissertation, he suggested that when people managed to attain a great deal of knowledge, this meant they could act as a balance against the church and the ruler, which would then prevent a “great and detestable system of fraud, violence and usurpation.”
Adams saw tyranny as a real concern. “Timidity,” he claimed, had implemented itself within the American mind: they feared to investigate the natural rights they held, such as liberty. Dissertation was a call to books rather than arms. Adams demanded the colonists attain knowledge as a means of returning to their Puritan roots so that they could oppose tyranny. This demand is evidence of a humanist strand that existed in Adams’s religious thinking: once the colonists had achieved a substantial amount of knowledge, then they, from Adams’s perspective, would realize that their duties were to respect God and one another. This further meant that the colonists had to unite to protect mankind from the tyrannical British Empire.
In 1774 and 1775, Adams continued to explore the ideas that were in Dissertationthrough several essays he produced in reaction to the Tory, Daniel Leonard. Under the pseudonym “Novanglus,” Adams addressed the contemporary constitutional conflict that had now been taking place between the British Parliament and colonies for almost a decade and explained why Parliament had no legislative supremacy over the colonies.
Britain held no legislative right over the colonies, he wrote, because America had been a country before the Puritans had arrived—they bought the land from the natives. Thus, Adams insisted, “America was no more within the allegiance of those princes [King James and Charles], by the common law of England, or by the law of nature, than France and Spain were.” While English law did not extend to America, the ancient English constitution did, for it contained “certain rights of nature” that the Puritans had brought over with them in the 17th century. British Parliament infringed upon these “rights of nature” when it tried to tax the colonists in the 1760s and 1770s directly and without any colonial representation in Parliament. Adams then continued the theme of justified rebellion and denied the colonists were rebelling; authority, he insisted, lay with the colonial assemblies, not Parliament. Therefore, it was colonial “opposition, nay, open, avowed, resistance by arms, against [the British Parliament’s] usurpation and lawless violence.”
Novanglus is even more important than Dissertation; it was through these writings Adams laid bare his concern for the Revolution. He heightened his rhetoric on morality as he wrote: “Liberty can no more exist without virtue . . . than the body can live and move without a soul.” Adams believed morality to be imperative for man’s freedom and, consequently, stressed the need, once again, for education and knowledge; if education were to decline or become nonexistent, then the colonists would also descend into tyranny. His stress upon morality helps to explain why Adams was so against violent resistance and wanted a peaceful end to the dispute between the two warring parties. In a 1774 letter to Abigail Adams, he expressed his distaste for violence, explaining that mob rule was the source “of all kinds of Evils, Vices and Crimes”: swearing, drunkenness, murder and blasphemy were such acts that proved some men were unable to fill their moral duties. Man had to resist peacefully by using knowledge and education to identify where the ruler had overstepped and then negotiate the balance of power. Mob rule, Adams suggested, led to ignorance and “Almost all of mankind have lost their liberties through ignorance.”
Adams’s religious beliefs affected his Revolutionary experience, as he found himself at odds with many colonists who participated in the mobbish rule he detested so much: their actions did not correspond with Adams’s belief in man showing respect for one another. This sort of immoral behavior that mobs exhibited hindered human progress, which then prevented man from living in a society built upon everlasting happiness and liberty. For Adams, the Revolution’s raisin d’être was about maintaining this Utopian society that the Puritans had established in the 17th century. The Massachusetts Constitution of 1780, which Adams wrote, similarly brings out this desire to maintain this Puritan ideal.
Here, it is apparent that Adams wanted a society that resembled that of his Puritan forefathers and he regurgitated themes that were evident in Dissertation and Novanglus. In the opening sentences of the Preamble, Adams reiterated Mayhew and the Whig principle of man being allowed to revolt against arbitrary authority. However, what was perhaps more noteworthy was his assertion that humans agree to a covenant with each other—not God—and that society would work towards humanity’s progress. This was made explicitly clear in one statement that stressed the need for the co-operation of mankind: “It is a social compact, by which the whole people covenants with each citizen, and each citizen with the whole people, that all shall be governed by certain laws for the common good.” The fact that the agreement is between men and not man and God suggests Adams believed man’s mutual respect for each other was just as important as man respecting God. Significantly, it demonstrated the change in duties that man now held, which Adams discussed in 1818: no longer did men see themselves bound to God; instead, they were bound to each other. Nevertheless, Adams also insisted that it was “the right as well as the duty of all men in society . . . to worship the Supream Being,” which stressed his belief that showing obedience to God was a means of ensuring a better afterlife.
Numerous theological historians and Adams biographers stress the fact that Adams strongly believed in human progress. Much of their evidence comes from Adams’s later years when he wrote to his friend Jefferson. On July 16, 1814, Adams wrote to Jefferson, “I have no doubt that the horrors we have experienced for the last forty years, will ultimately terminate in the advancement of civil and religious liberty, and ameliorations in the conditions of mankind.” In 1821, Adams then wrote to Jefferson that he wished “for the splendid improvements in human society, and vast amelioration in the condition of mankind.”
Adams’s belief in the deity of Jesus Christ corresponded with his idea of humankind’s evolution and faith in the unification of humanity. In his diary, Adams refused to reject the miracles and deity of Christ, for Christ’s miracles reconciled man with one another and God. Far too many humans, Adams claimed, had “sunk in to the grossest Opinions and the grossest Practices”; the appearance
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. Sweating can lead to a chill and even hypothermia.
- Watch for signs of frostbite and hypothermia.
If you become stranded:
- Seek shelter to stay dry.
- Cover all exposed parts of the body.
- If no shelter is nearby, prepare a lean-to, windbreak or snow cave for protection from the wind. Build a fire for heat and to attract attention.
- Do not eat snow as it will lower your body temperature. Melt it first.
On The Farm
- Move animals to sheltered areas.
- Haul extra feed to nearby feeding areas.
- Have a water supply available. Most animal deaths in winter storms occur from dehydration.خط سلامت: استفاده روزانه از اینترنت خطر ابتلا به آلزایمر را در میانسالی و سالمندی کاهش می دهد.
به گزارش خط سلامت پژوهش ها نشان می دهد استفاده منظم از اینترنت توسط میانسالان و سالمندان از خطر ابتلا به آلزایمر جلوگیری می کند.
استفاده از اینترنت و کاهش آلزایمر
مطالعه انجام شده توسط گاوون چو از دانشگاه نیویورک، روی افراد ۵۰ ساله نشان داد افرادی که منظم از اینترنت استفاده می کنند ریسک خطر ابتلاء به آلزایمر در آن ها کمتر است.
به گفته او، وقتی صحبت از حفظ مغز سالم میشود، استفاده منظم از اینترنت در دوران پیری اهمیت پیدا می کند.
برای بررسی اینکه چگونه استفاده منظم از اینترنت ممکن است بر خطر ابتلا به آلزایمر تأثیر بگذارد، مطالعه ای روی بیش از ۱۸۰۰۰ بزرگسال آمریکایی در سال ۲۰۰۲ آغاز و به مدت 17 سال با پیگیری 8 ساله در افراد ۵۰ تا ۶۵ سال انجام شد.
پس از انجام ارزیابیهای اولیه سلامت روان، همه شرکتکنندگان هر دو سال یک بار مصاحبه شدند تا عادات استفاده از اینترنت منظم را گزارش کنند.
تقریباً دو سوم از شرکت کنندگان در زمان شروع مطالعه، منظم از اینترنت استفاده کردند، فقط بیش از یک سوم به طور منظم از اینترنت استفاده نکرده بودند.
در پایان، تنها کمتر از ۵ درصد از شرکت کنندگان تا زمان توقف مطالعه دچار آلزایمر شده بودند. حدود ۸ درصد از شرکت کنندگان بدون ابتلاء به آلزایمر مرده بودند، در حالی که بیش از ۸۷ درصد از نظر ذهنی تیز بودند.برای ورود به صفحه ی اینستاگرام کلیک کنید.تمام مطالب سایت اختصاصی و توسط تحریریه خط سلامت تولید شده است، استفاده با ذکر منبع و لینک دهی بلامانع است.İşgalci İsrail ordusu, Gazze'deki sivilleri gözünü kırpmadan katletmeye devam ediyor.
İnsani krizin her geçen an derinleştiği bölgedeki gelişmeleri dünyaya duyurmaya çalışan gazeteciler de hedef alınıyor.
İsrail'in yoğun hava saldırılarında onlarca gazeteci hayatını kaybetti.
İki Filistinli gazeteci daha İsrail güçlerinin Gazze Şeridi'nde sivillere yönelik yoğun saldırılarında öldürüldü.
Öldürülen gazeteci sayısı 49'a çıktı
Saldırıların başladığı 7 Ekim'den bu yana öldürülen toplam gazeteci sayısı 49'a yükseldi.
Gazze merkezli Medya Ofisi, son öldürülen gazetecinin yerel El Aksa Radyosu için çalışan Yahya Abu Mnea olduğunu açıkladı.
Ancak bu açıklamadan kısa bir süre sonra Filistin resmi haber ajansı Wafa, İsrail'in, Gazze'nin batısındaki bir eve saldırdığını, bunun sonucunda başka bir gazeteci Muhammed Ebu Hasira'nın, bazı aile üyeleriyle birlikte öldürüldüğünü duyurdu.
Gazze Şeridi'ne aralıksız saldırılar düzenleniyor
İsrail, Hamas'ın bir ay önceki sınır ötesi saldırısından bu yana Gazze Şeridi'ne aralıksız hava ve kara saldırıları başlattı.
10 binden fazla Filistinlinin öldürüldüğü saldırılarda hayatını kaybedenlerin önemli bir bölümünü kadınlar ve çocuklar oluşturuyor.
Lübnan'da gazetecilerin bulunduğu bölgeyi vurdular
Lübnan resmi ajansı NNA'da yer alan haberde, İsrail'in Lübnan'ın güneyindeki sınır bölgelerine düzenlediği saldırı hakkında bilgi verildi.
İsrail ordusu, Lübnan'ın Yarun beldesinde bulunan ve bölgedeki çatışmaları takip eden bir grup gazetecinin yakınına roketle saldırı düzenledi.
Al Jazeera televizyon kanalının haberine göre kanal bünyesinde görev yapan kameraman İsam Mevasi hafif yaralandı.
Hizbullah'a yakınlığıyla bilinen Al Akhbariya gazetesinin sosyal medya hesabından olay yerine dair fotoğraflar paylaşıldı.
Görüntülerde roketlerin televizyon kanallarına ait canlı yayın araçlarının hemen yanına düştüğü görüldü.Il premier ceco Bohuslav Sobotka ha annunciato oggi la caduta del governo, a causa dell’affaire del vicepremier Andrej Babis, ministro delle finanze, che non ha saputo scongiurare i dubbi sulle transazioni finanziarie della propria impresa agroalimentare Agrofert. Il leader del movimento populista Ano (Alleanza del cittadino scontento), il miliardario Babis, è sospettato di frode fiscali per l’acquisto delle obbligazioni esenti da imposte della Agrofert nel 2012.
Repubblica Ceca: cade governo su scandalo ministro Babis
3Most of us will be familiar with the experience of silently talking to ourselves in our head. Perhaps you’re at the supermarket and realise that you’ve forgotten to pick up something you needed. “Milk!” you might say to yourself. Or maybe you’ve got an important meeting with your boss later in the day, and you’re simulating – silently in your head – how you think the conversation might go, possibly hearing both your own voice and your boss’s voice responding.
This is the phenomenon that psychologists call “inner speech”, and they’ve been trying to study it pretty much since the dawn of psychology as a scientific discipline. In the 1930s, the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky argued that inner speech developed through the internalisation of “external”, out-loud speech. If this is true, does inner speech use the same mechanisms in the brain as when we speak out loud?
We have known for about a century that inner speech is accompanied by tiny muscular movements in the larynx, detectable by a technique known as electromyography. In the 1990s, neuroscientists used functional neuroimaging to demonstrate that areas such as the left inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area), which are active when we speak out loud, are also active during inner speech. Furthermore, disrupting the activity of this region using brain stimulation techniques can interrupt both “outer” and inner speech.
So the evidence that inner speech and speaking out loud share similar brain mechanisms seems pretty convincing. One worry, though, is whether the inner speech we get people to do in experiments is the same as our everyday experience of inner speech. As you might imagine, it’s quite hard to study inner speech in a controlled, scientific manner, because it is an inherently private act.
Typically, studies have required participants to repeat sentences to themselves in their heads, or, sometimes, count the syllables in words presented on a computer screen. These lack both the spontaneity of typical inner experiences and the conversational quality (think of the conversation with your boss) and motivational purposes (“Milk!”) of inner speech. Although the experience is undoubtedly different for everyone (not everyone reports having “conversations” in their head, for example), what does seem clear is that inner speech is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon.
Why does it matter whether we have an accurate understanding of what’s going on in our brains when we use inner speech?
One reason is that understanding typical inner experience may be the key to understanding more unusual inner experiences. For example, psychologists have argued that hearing voices (“auditory verbal hallucinations”) might simply be a form of inner speech that has not been recognised as self-produced (although there are also important competing theories). Neuroscientists have found some evidence in favour of this theory. When they scanned the brains of people who reported hearing voices, they discovered that many of the same areas of the brain are active during both auditory hallucinations and inner speech. Broca’s area, for example, is often active in people when they’re hearing voices.
But if we really want to know what the difference between what happens in the brain during inner speech and voice hearing – and how inner speech might become hearing voices – then first we need to understand what our internal talk is usually like. A recent study by researchers in Finland attempted to address flaws in previous brain-imaging studies of inner speech. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), they studied the difference between activity in the brain when participants experienced an auditory verbal hallucination, and when they deliberately imagined hearing the same voice. In this way, they controlled for aspects of the experience such as the sound and the content of the voice.
They found the main difference between the two conditions was the level of activation in a cortical region known as the supplementary motor area (SMA), which contributes to the control of movement. When participants heard voices, there was significantly less activation in the SMA, which fits with previous hypotheses suggesting that recognising actions as one’s own might rely on signals from motor cortical areas reaching sensory areas of the brain.
Of course, none of this is to say that understanding what happens in the brain is the only, or the most important, aspect of research into hearing voices. We also need to understand what the experience is like, how we can help people who are distressed by it, and when there’s a need for psychiatric care. But to do any of this, we first need to know what typical inner speech is like, and the underlying neuroscience is part of that understanding.
Peter Moseley is a PhD student in the psychology department at Durham University, working with the Hearing the Voice project
The Hearing the Voice project is conducting a survey in collaboration with the Edinburgh International Book Festival to explore the ways readers imagine, hear or even interact with the voices of characters in stories. To take part, click here. Information about voice-hearing in general is available at our project blogMathematician and author Adam Kucharski talks about his new book The Perfect Bet: How Science and Math Are Taking the Luck Out of Gambling (Basic Books, 2016).
Mathematician and author Adam Kucharski talks about his new book The Perfect Bet: How Science and Math Are Taking the Luck Out of Gambling (Basic Books, 2016).
Steve Mirsky: Welcome to Scientific American's Science Talk posted on April 14, 2016. I'm Steve Mirsky. On this episode, "A lot of these games are about information. It's about taking advantage of data and information that are there which other people perhaps haven't spotted." That's Adam Kucharski. He's a mathematician and a science writer, and his new book is called, The Perfect Bet, which is what your March Madness bracket was not. The book's subtitle explains that the book is about, "How science and math are taking the luck out of gambling." Kucharski is based in London but was in New York recently where we talked.
Adam, what is the perfect bet?
Adam Kucharski: In simplest terms, I would probably say the perfect bet is a scientific bet, really looking throughout history at how people have taken on these games and really looked for loopholes and ways to beat the house. There's obviously been a lot of systems or magic formulas and superstitions going around, but really the most successful strategies seem to have a solid basing in science, really tackling those gambling questions as if it's a scientific question and using experiments and analyses accordingly.
Mirsky: So the perfect bet is trying to take the gambling out of gambling.
Kucharski: In a way, yes, exactly. It's trying to separate this element of luck from games which traditionally are entirely viewed as games of chance, so things like roulette or card games which are really seen as complete gambling, and finding ways to bring an element of skill into that.
Mirsky: You talk in the book about the DiCristina case, which caught my eye because our editor-in-chief has married a DiCristina, who I don't think is any relation to the DiCristina who you talk about. But what's fascinating about the DiCristina case, first of all, why don't you talk about what the DiCristina case is.
Kucharski: Sure. So this was back in I think it was 2011 when all this was coming up, and it was a real crackdown on the poker industry in the United States. There had been a huge expansion in playing poker. In New York, there was one case brought against someone who had been running a poker room, and this was seen as a form of gambling and so the case went to court. But, unlike many games where in the law they're specified as gambling, poker isn't, so it was really up for debate as to what element of gambling was involved. Under federal law, gambling is defined as something which is predominantly a game of chance, so you had this fascinating legal case which essentially relied on determining whether poker is predominantly a game of chance or predominantly a game of skill, and you had economists and people with a lot of knowledge of these kind of games of _____ games of chance arguing over whether poker is indeed something that's predominantly by chance. In the end, the judge ruled that there was enough element of skill in the game for it not to be defined as gambling. This was the first time that a judge had ever ruled on whether poker was a game of chance or not.
Mirsky: Although there's a short story by Mark Twain written over, well more than 100 years ago because he's been dead for at least 100 years, that is the exact same scenario. A guy running a poker game is brought in for violating the law because it's a game of a chance, and he says, "No, it's not a game of chance. It's a game of skill," and he demonstrates to the judge by, if I remember it right, the judge tries to play poker against cardsharps and never wins, and so it's clearly a game of skill.
Kucharski: It's fascinating. I think these kind of situations have cropped up a lot, and the judge in the ruling of that poker case mentioned this fascinating case back in the 1920s where someone had stolen an airplane, and they were convicted for grand theft auto. But, at the time, grand theft auto did define vehicles as vehicles running on land, and obviously that didn't cover aircraft. At the time, the ruling made the point of we shouldn't just assume something is the same just because at face value it kind of looks like that. I think it's the same with poker, that just because it resembles other games that are games of chance, we shouldn't just automatically assume it's gambling. I think there's a lot of debate potentially to be had there about what actually constitutes gambling and what is predominantly skill.
Mirsky: Let's talk about the many ways that people have tried to make what appears to the layperson as gambling something that's not gambling. You have many examples in the book. Computer programs, obviously card counting in Black Jack, lots of ways to take the chance out of games of chance.
Kucharski: Exactly, and I think card counting, as you mentioned, is one of the really good examples. Black Jack is this game which on the face of it is random. You've got cards being dealt by the dealer and your objective is to get to 21 and not going over, and then beating the dealer. Back in the '50s, some soldiers actually out at the Aberdeen training ground were looking at these games, and they realized that because the dealer has one card face up, if you account for what the dealer has when you're making your decisions, you can improve your chances at winning. Unfortunately for them, their perfect Black Jack strategy still resulted in a loss over time, so it wasn't beating the house, it was just making the house have a very low edge. But Edward Thorp, who is a mathematician, subsequently found that if you take into account which cards have been dealt before, then actually that could give you an edge because of course card deals aren't random. The cards that appear in a particular round depend on what's come before because the same card can't appear twice in succession. With that system, he showed that that can be a very effective way of gambling.
Mirsky: Basically, the more information you have, the better chance you have to put the odds closer to your favor.
Kucharski: Exactly, and a lot of these games are about information. It's about taking advantage of data and information that are there which other people perhaps haven't spotted as useful as they could be.
Mirsky: The card counting situation, for example, I think the book the example you use is if the dealer's card is a six versus a ten, that completely changes your strategy as the other player.
Kucharski: Exactly, and the dealer has to follow fixed rules in Black Jack. They have to draw up to a certain point and continue, and so if the dealer has a six, they're more likely to have to draw more cards, which will send them over 21 and go bust, but if the dealer potentially starts with quite a strong situation, you don't want to take so many risks against them because there's a stronger chance they'll come out on top. So it's really about adjusting your strategy based on what the other person is doing and what information you're seeing.
Mirsky: So the casinos figured out that some people were really good at this, and they started to institute multi-deck Black Jack games, where there might be five or six decks in play at the same time. I mean this is a famous scene in the movie Rain Man because Dustin Hoffman's autistic character is supposed to be really excellent at remembering all the cards, so even a six-deck shuffle does not perturb him.
Kucharski: I mean perhaps there are some people out there with that level of memory, but I think for the average person, that's incredibly difficult to card count, and of course the more decks there are, the less useful that information you had about past things. But an interesting footnote to this story was a lot of the gamblers realized that they could change their strategy, so if you're dealing with six decks, it makes it much harder to card count, but it also makes it much harder to shuffle those decks properly. At the time, the casinos were doing these riffle shuffles, where you separate it in two and then riffle them together, and they were only doing one riffle shuffle. If you think of a deck
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“Directly in back of the caisson (bearing FDR’s flag-draped casket), a Negro soldier led a riderless horse.” The horse was “draped in black, its head covered in a dark cowl, and a saber bouncing gently off the horse’s belly.” The funeral procession was in Hyde Park, New York, where the late president was buried in a garden on the Roosevelt estate. We will assume the saber was attached to a saddle and bounced gently off the horse’s side.
The year 1963 marked another traumatic time for Americans, particularly the family of President John Fitzgerald Kennedy, who was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 23rd. The riderless horse who took part in JFK’s funeral procession would become the most renowned of them all: Black Jack, who would represent the mount of a fallen leader in the processions for Kennedy, Presidents Herbert Hoover (1964) and Lyndon B. Johnson (1973), as well as General Douglas MacArthur (1964), among other prominent Americans.
The protocol for Black Jack in Kennedy’s funeral procession would set the standard for riderless horses from 1963 to the present day. He was tacked with a black modified English riding saddle and black bridle. Black, spurred cavalry boots faced backward in the stirrups, and a scabbard with sword hung from the rear of the saddle’s right side. Positioned beneath the saddle, a heavy saddle cloth, or saddle blanket, was ornamental in design.
Although he was a military horse named in honor of General of the Armies John J. “Black Jack” Pershing, Black Jack was not born into the service. A dark bay Morgan-Quarterhorse cross with a small star on his forehead, he was foaled on a Kansas farm in 1947 and later purchased by the U.S. Army Quartermaster Corps for remount service, the remount referring to a soldier’s need to replace a mount that had been injured or killed in the days of the U.S. Cavalry. The Army then shipped Black Jack to the Fort Reno, Oklahoma, Remount Depot, where he was raised and trained.
He was not a tall horse – 15 hands, weighing 1,050 pounds – but he had a big personality and was spirited. In fact, his rambunctious spirit was a problem for his handlers when he was transferred in 1952 to Fort Myer, the Army post adjacent to the Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. In his first outing as a riderless horse in a funeral procession to Arlington, he pranced and danced a great deal. Mourners liked his spirited nature, however, and so his unmilitary antics were tolerated. Those antics continued until he was retired in 1973 after participating in several thousand funerals.
When Black Jack passed away in 1976, his remains were cremated and his ashes buried with full military honors. A monument on the parade ground at Fort Myer’s Summerall Field attests to the degree he had been revered. Raven, another dark horse, succeeded Black Jack in his duties as a riderless horse.
Raven made no appearance in the funeral procession of an American president, although he likely participated in more than a thousand funerals of military leaders who were eligible for burial in Arlington National Cemetery. The stately funeral service provided for presidents, who are military commanders-in-chief, is also available to Army and USMC officers having a rank of colonel or higher, and there are many such officers among Arlington’s honored dead.
At this point a mention should be made of President Dwight D. “Ike” Eisenhower, who passed away in March 1969 and was buried in Abilene, Kansas. No horse of record participated in the Kansas funeral ceremonies, but earlier, in Washington, a riderless horse did follow the horse-drawn caisson bearing Eisenhower’s casket from the Washington National Cathedral to the Capitol, where the late president lay in state for public viewing in the Capitol Rotunda.
A video of the procession from the Cathedral to the Capitol shows a riderless horse who is nearly liver chestnut in color with a small star on his forehead, a horse whose prancing and dancing in the procession, and pawing impatiently while standing “at rest,” bear a suspicious resemblance to Black Jack’s behavior. If the fidelity of the color in the video is flawed, and the horse’s coat is indeed nearly black, it could be that BJ, as Black Jack’s grooms and walkers called him, had a connection with the man who was the most popular military commander of World War II and, later, the 34th president of the U.S.
The most recent riderless horse to represent the mount of a deceased American president, and the last on record, followed the caisson bearing the body of Ronald Reagan in 2004. Reagan was later buried in Simi Valley, California, so here again we have something of an Eisenhower situation. The late president’s tan, spurred riding boots were reversed in the stirrups, replacing the black cavalry boots traditionally used. The procession in Washington ended at the Capitol, where a closed casket lay in state for viewing.
The riderless horse in the procession paying tribute to Ronald Reagan was Sergeant York, a dark bay gelding named for the decorated American soldier of World War I, Alvin C. York. Before Sergeant York the horse entered military service, however, he had plied a trade in harness racing for several years under the name Allaboard Jules. A standardbred foaled in 1991, Allaboard Jules became an Army horse with a famous name in 1997.
The military has been referred to many times in this article, which will draw to a close with an explanation for those many references.
In 1948, the Army’s 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment was assigned the responsibility of organizing and conducting the funeral processions of American presidents laid to rest in Arlington National Cemetery, as well as other Americans eligible for burial with military honors in Arlington. The Old Guard, as the 3rd U.S. Infantry Regiment is known, was formed in 1784, is the oldest active unit in the U.S. Army, and is based at Fort Myer, Virginia, adjacent to the nation’s most hallowed cemetery.
The Old Guard’s Caisson Platoon provided the muscle and polish for the formal and elegant funeral procession honoring JFK in 1963, as well as the processions that followed that point of time in this article. The soldiers in the Caisson Platoon are dedicated to tradition, are respectful of the honored dead, respectful of the forty or more horses they provide care for, respectful in their maintenance of the 1918 caissons that bear the caskets to their final resting places with full military tribute.
The riderless horse is also known as the caparisoned horse, the caparison referring to the ornamental design on the horse’s saddle cloth, or saddle blanket. The solider who leads the riderless horse is called the cap walker, and in the case of the spirited Black Jack, the young cap walker handling him in a procession likely had quite a story to tell his comrades in the Caisson Platoon at the end of day.Source: The Wall Street Journal
Christians have lived in these parts since the dawn of their faith. But they have had a rough couple of millennia, preyed on by Persian, Arab, Mongol, Kurdish and Turkish armies. Each group tramped through the rocky highlands that now comprise Turkey's southeastern border with Iraq and Syria.
The current menace is less bellicose but is deemed a threat nonetheless. A group of state land surveyors and Muslim villagers are intent on shrinking the boundaries of an ancient monastery by more than half. The monastery, called Mor Gabriel, is revered by the Syriac Orthodox Church.
Battling to hang on to the monastic lands, Bishop Timotheus Samuel Aktas is fortifying his defenses. He's hired two Turkish lawyers -- one Muslim, one Christian -- and mobilized support from foreign diplomats, clergy and politicians.
Also giving a helping hand, says the bishop, is Saint Gabriel, a predecessor as abbot who died in the seventh century: "We still have four of his fingers." Locked away for safekeeping, the sacred digits are treasured as relics from the past -- and a hex on enemies in the present.
The outcome of the land dispute is now in the hands of a Turkish court. Seated below a bust of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, modern Turkey's secular founding father, a robed judge on Wednesday told the feuding parties that he would issue a ruling after he visits the disputed territory himself next month.7Bacteria / VirusWhat is the difference between a bacterial infection and a viral infection?Chlamydia trachomatis
8Bacteria / Virus No Cure: Just Treatment Cure: Antibiotics Chlamydia trachomatis
9How STDs Spread…Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) are caused by viruses or bacteria that enter the body through tiny cuts or tears.
10You can get infected without having sex… STDs can be passed by:skin-to-skin contactthrough sexual fluidsingesting fecal material
11You can get infected without having sex… skin-to-skin contact (oral, vaginal, or anal sex)through sexual fluids (blood, semen, infected discharge, vaginal fluids)ingesting fecal material (even microscopic amounts!)
17Chlamydia No symptoms 80% of the time! Symptoms for Women: bleeding after sex, lower abdominal pain, discharge from vaginaSymptoms for Men: painful urination, discharge from penis, lower abdominal painBacterial infection (can be cured!!!)
18Chlamydia is most common among year olds, and is more common among Native youth than among other populations.
19Fact: 1 in 10 sexually active teens has chlamydia.
20This woman’s cervix has manifested signs of a erosion and erythema due to chlamydial infection. (1985)
23Gonorrhea Bacterial infection (can be cured!!!) Symptoms for Women: irritation of the cervix, pee often, can cause PID and infertilitySymptoms for Men: painful urination, inflammation, discharge from penis only 50% of the time
24Fact: Chlamydia and gonorrhea rates are highest among 15 to 24year olds.
25This patient presented with a case of gonorrhea with symptoms including cervicitis and vaginal discharge.
26This patient presented with a case of gonorrhea with symptoms including penile discharge.
27This patient presented with a lesion of the right hand due to a disseminated Neisseria gonorrhoeae bacteremia. (1979)Though a sexually transmitted disease, if a Gonorrhea infection is allowed to go untreated, the Neisseria gonorrhea bacteria responsible for the infection can become disseminated throughout the body, forming lesions in extra-genital locations.
30Syphilis Bacterial infection (can be cured) 3 distinct phases: Primary (sores develop then go away)Secondary (4 – 10 weeks after chancres go away)Latent (dormant phase, no signs… all but gone, causes irreversible brain, nerve, and tissue damage)
32These images show chancres on the penile shaft due to a primary syphilitic infection caused by Treponema pallidum bacteria.The primary stage of syphilis is usually marked by the appearance of a single sore called a chancre. The chancre is usually firm, round, small, and painless. It appears at the spot where T. pallidum bacteria entered the body, and lasts 3-6 weeks, healing on its own.
33This syphilis patient presented with symptoms indicative of the secondary stage of the disease, which included multiple lesions located on the penis and scrotum.Secondary syphilis is the most contagious of all the stages, and is characterized by a systemic spread of the Treponema pallidum bacterium. The secondary maculopapular rash usually causes no itching, and can appear as the chancre, or chancres found during the primary stage of syphilis are healing, or several weeks after the chancres have healed.
45This is an illustration comparing the Head Louse, Pediculus humanus, with the Pubic Louse, Phthirus pubis.
46Genital Herpes Can’t be cured…Can be treated! Causes blisters/ulcers on or around genitalsVery contagiousAs many as 80 to 90% of those infected fail to recognize symptoms!50 million Americans have it!
47This patient presented with what was diagnosed as a herpes genitalis outbreak on the penile shaft due to HSV-2. (1978)
52Hepatitis A Inflammation of the liver Hepatitis A heals completely Can’t get it again, lifelong immunityOral-fecal transmissionVaccine preventable
53Hepatitis B Inflammation of the liver Transmission: blood, semen, vaginal secretions, salivaAcute and chronic carriersOver 1 millions Americans have chronic Hepatitis BVaccine preventable
54Hepatitis C Inflammation of the liver Transmitted mainly through blood (IV drug use especially)Like Hepatitis A and B, there is no cure for Hepatitis CCan cause liver failure and cancer.No vaccine available.
55Know the Facts. Know for Sure. If left untreated, STDs can cause infertility, long-term pain, or cancer.
57Preventing STDs…As with many other diseases, prevention is key. It's much easier to prevent STDs than to treat them. The only way to completely prevent STDs is to abstain from all types of sexual contact.
58Preventing STDs…If you decide to have sex, it means you must also take responsibility to protect yourself and your partner from unplanned pregnancy and STDs. Latex condoms are the only form of birth control that lessen your risk of contracting an STD.
59Fact: 1 of every 5 sexually active teen females will get pregnant this year.
62Preventing STDs… What Works: ABSTINENCE. Latex condoms. Sticking to one partner, who has been tested and is uninfected.Good communication about sexual history & STDs.Avoiding alcohol and drugs.
63Know the Facts. Know for Sure. If you have had unprotected sex, you may have an STD and not know it.
64Know the Facts. Know for Sure. If your partner has had unprotected sex, your partner may have an STD and not know it.
65Know the Facts. Know for Sure. If you think you have an STD, there is something you can do about it…The only way to knowfor sure is to be tested.Visit your clinic or call the CDC National STD and AIDS Hotline for more information at (800) , 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
67In many States (including Oregon, Washington, and Idaho), teens age 14 years and above may consent to STD and HIV testing and treatment without parental consent…If you are concerned about this, call the clinic before you go. Ask if you need to bring your parent along for permission and what information the clinic will share with them. This way you know what to expect ahead of time.
68Know your Score, Take the Quiz! Have you talked to your partner about Sexual Health?Do you have sex with a condom or barrier on every occasion?Are you sure your current partner is free of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)?Do you know for sure if any of your past partners have had an STD?Has your partner shown you STD test results?If you answered “No” or “Not Sure” to any of these questions, visit your clinic to receive confidential testing.به گزارش اسپوتنیک، ناظران هوانوردی آمریکایی و انگلیسی در شبکه های اجتماعی گزارش دادند که دو بمب افکن استراتژیک بی-52 که قادر به حمل بمب هسته ای می باشند، یکشنبه پروازی بدون توقف از ایالات متحده به خاورمیانه و به نزدیکی مرزهای ایران انجام دادند و بازگشتند.
گزارش شده است که این ماموریت به وضوح نشان دهنده نمایش قدرت در منطقه خلیج فارس بوده است. این هفتمین پرواز بمب افکن های آمریکایی در نزدیکی مرزهای ایران در چهار ماه گذشته است.
بر اساس اطلاعات بدست آمده دو فروند بمب افکن استراتژیک بی-52 از پایگاه هوایی مینوت (داکوتای شمالی) پروازی را بر فراز اقیانوس اطلس انجام داده و با گذر از جبل الطارق، دریای مدیترانه، اسرائیل، اردن، عربستان سعودی در خلیج فارس و نزدیک مرزهای جنوبی ایران به گشت زنی پرداختند و سپس بازگشتند.
این پرواز طولانی و رفت و برگشت دو بمب افکن از طریق اقیانوس اطلس به خاورمیانه، توسط هواپیماهای سوخت رسان KC-135R و KC-10A آمریکایی پشتیبانی شد و در طول پرواز بر فراز خاورمیانه جنگنده های اف-16 آنها را همراه کردند.Banyo duvarımda tam bir makyaj aynası (70 "x 42") var. Makyaj lambası takmak için biraz delik açmam gerekiyor. Ayna temperli camdan yapılmışsa, üzerinde delmeye çalışırsam tamamen kırılabileceğini fark ettim. Ayna muhtemelen ev 1988 yılında inşa edildiğinde inşa edilen inşaat sınıfındadır.
Bir aynanın temperli camdan yapılmış olup olmadığını, kırmadan ve hiçbir yerde "temperli cam" etiketi olmadığını varsayarak söylemenin bir yolu var mı?Differential Decomposition in Terrestrial, Freshwater, and Saltwater Environments: A Pilot Study
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The study of decomposition is essential for any forensic anthropologist for estimating postmortem interval. While surface rates of decomposition have been studied, especially in certain areas (Mann et al. 1990), the decomposition rate of bodies submerged in water has rarely been studied using controlled experiments (Haglund & Sorg 2002; Sorg et al. 1997). Most forensic anthropologists simply rely on generalizations, such as a body decomposing one week on the surface of the ground is equivalent to a body two weeks in the water (after Mann et al. 1990). In addition, there has not been much investigation into whether a saltwater environment affects decomposition differently than a freshwater environment. This differential decomposition in diverse environments, whether open-air terrestrial or in fresh or saltwater, is important to consider in Texas because there because of an abundance of freshwater lakes and rivers and the proximity of the Gulf of Mexico. This study aimed to address two questions: 1) Does submersion in water affect decomposition in a way that supports the longstanding generalization that a body decomposing one week on the surface of the ground is equivalent to two weeks in the water (after Mann et al. 1990), and 2) Does the type of water (salt or fresh) differentially affect the rate of decomposition of a body submerged in water? Following anecdotal evidence, it was hypothesized that the surface specimens would decompose the fastest, the specimens in freshwater would decompose slower, and specimens in saltwater would decompose the slowest of all. This study took place outdoors at the Forensic Anthropology Research Facility at Texas State University-San Marcos, Texas. Though human remains and pig carcasses do float differently in water (Haglund & Sorg
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found that the avian influenza levels among the ruddy turnstone shorebirds would be very high when there was a climate change alteration. As the birds feed on the horseshoe crabs, they infect local ducks as well as other birds as they make way to the Arctic. These birds spend winter at the warm South America and head to the Arctic for breeding at around May of every month.
In this light, Brown and Rohani set out to find out what would happen if the availability of crabs to feed on by the birds was altered owing to change in climate. The ruddy turnstones have always followed a pattern with a perfect timing. These researchers therefore used their mathematical system which sort to find out what would happen if the ruddy turnstone birds arrived at the bay weeks earlier or weeks later. This model was also used on the resident ducks and specifically; two species were studied. They are the mallards which spend winter at the Delaware Bay and the America black ducks which reside at the bay all year round.
The results were that the prevalence of infection by avian influenza went up. This means that all these birds recorded more infections or a higher level of infection as a result of the changes. According to Brown who is a postdoctoral research fellow at the Center for Study and Complex Systems, if the birds get to the Bay earlier or later, they will encounter higher levels of avian influenza prevalence in the resident ducks. Brown is also a postdoctoral research fellow at the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology.
According to Brown, this works both ways in that, when there is high level of avian flu infections in ruddy turnstone shorebirds, the resident ducks will also see a higher prevalence. The research found that if climate change was to affect the spawning of the horseshoe crabs, the population of birds will decrease at the Delaware Bay owing to lack of food. Consequently, the prevalence of avian flu infection in the birds will also decrease.
The Western Hemisphere Shorebird Network declared Delaware Bay a vital hemispheric site in the mid 1980s. This is because the bay is a potent breeding and nesting ground for over half a million shorebirds every year.La spiaggia di Aselinos
Aselinos e una bella spiaggia di sabbia circondata da piccole scogliere coperte
di verde, non l’abbiamo mai trovata affollata nelle molte volte che l’abbiamo
raggiunta,neanche in estate.
Ha una grande taverna ,- probabilmente perché arrivano i ferry-boat che fanno escursioni giornaliere.
Come il suo nome suggerisce Mikros Aselinos è una versione più piccola del vicino della porta accanto, ha una taverna dove si può mangiare un'insalata e bere una bibita fresca, ci sono poche sedie a noleggio - il mare è particolarmente colorato ed e’molto bello fare il bagno su questa spiaggia.Doğum öncesi ve
sonrası perianal bölgede oluşabilecek şişliklerin, gerginliklerin hafiflemesine,
bu bölgede doğal yoldan bir ferahlık sağlanmasına, nemlendirici özelliği
sayesinde ise de oluşabilecek kurulukların giderilmesine yardımcı
olur.
Banyodan ve tuvalet ihtiyacından sonra kullanılması tavsiye edilir.
Ekstra rahatlık için buzdolabında saklanması tavsiye edilir.
Çalkalayarak kullanınız.
Uyarılar; Haricen kullanılır. Göz çevresine
uygulamayınız.
Toksin içermez, hayvanlar üzerinde denenmemiştir.Watch the short video then to learn all about Project Smartroof 2.0
Plants don't like having hot roots. Read about how the temperature measurements on the hottest day in August show that the blue-green roof system keeps plant roots cool, which enables the plants to function better and helps cool the city!
The public interest in heat stress and the urgent search for solutions to the issue has been highlighted by the letter sent to the Dutch House of Representatives by State Secretary Sharon Dijksma.
If green cities are even important to the virtual world of #SeriousGaming city-building games, then surely we in the real world must soon follow suit?
The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute reported a day temperature of 26 degrees. So, how hot was it on the roof?
We can't 'see' hot and cold. An Infrared thermal imaging camera can!
Rainproof and Rooftop Revolution present a new infographic on Blue-Green roofs
The project explained: Jeffrey Damen interviews Joris Voeten
Construction of a garden during a dry spell. That’s not possible, right?
Finishing touches applied today!
The Dutch Smartroof principle featured on NewsAsia TV in Singapore
Movie of the construction of our Blue-Green roof system in seconds!I consulted today with a patient with a chronic severe neurological condition who asked me to prescribe a drug to help with fatigue and muscle spasm. I am not familiar with the drug but on checking the BNF I see that it is available as a prescription-only medicine, but it is not licensed for use in the patient’s condition. The patient showed me a research paper from America available online on the use of the drug for their condition, which refers to one small study only. The patient said a doctor friend thought the medication could help, and so they asked their regular consultant to prescribe the medication who did not agree to this. I would like to help but am not sure if I should prescribe the medication.
This can be a difficult situation to manage. Doctors want to help their patients as much as possible and in this case the patient has a distressing neurological condition where treatments are limited. However, the doctor is unfamiliar with the medicine in question and wonders how best to proceed.
The General Medical Council (GMC) provides detailed guidance about prescribing unlicensed medications. The GMC defines unlicensed medicines as those that are used outside the terms of their UK licence (off label) or have no licence for use in the UK. The guidance highlights that you should usually prescribe licensed medicines in accordance with the terms of their licence.
However, “you may prescribe unlicensed medicines where, on the basis of an assessment of the individual patient, you conclude, for medical reasons, that it is necessary to do so to meet the specific needs of the patient.” Unlicensed medicines are commonly prescribed in some areas of medicine such as paediatrics, psychiatry and palliative care, but can be used in other areas in certain circumstances.
‘May be necessary’
Such medicines may be necessary where there is no other suitable licensed drug that will meet the patient’s need, or where there is a licensed medicine but it is unavailable, for example because of a temporary shortage. They may also be prescribed as part of a properly approved research project or if the MHRA has temporarily authorised the sale or supply of an unlicensed medicine to address a serious risk to public health.
It is important to follow GMC guidance when prescribing an unlicensed medicine. It states you must:
- be satisfied that there is sufficient evidence or experience of using the medicine to demonstrate its safety and efficacy
- take responsibility for prescribing the medicine and for overseeing the patient’s care, monitoring, and any follow up treatment, or make sure that arrangements are in place for another suitable doctor to do so
- make a clear, accurate and legible record of all medicines prescribed and, where you are not following common practice, your reasons for prescribing an unlicensed medicine.
Making a decision
In the above scenario, it is the patient who has requested the medication, but the doctor is unfamiliar with its use. It may be helpful to consider the following in deciding how you would proceed.
You must prescribe only if it is safe to do so.
You will be taking full responsibility for treatment and follow up, and so must have sufficient knowledge of the medication to be confident that it is appropriate and safe. You will be required to justify your prescribing decision if called upon to do so for any reason.
You should only prescribe medicines when satisfied that the drugs or treatment serve the patient’s needs.
If you are considering prescribing the medication, you should investigate the risks and benefits in detail.
You must only prescribe drugs when you have adequate knowledge of your patient's health.
You must consider whether you have sufficient information to enable you to prescribe safely. As you are not the patient’s regular prescriber, you should ask for the patient’s consent to contact their GP or other treating doctors if you need more information or confirmation of the information you have before prescribing. In a case like this, this may include discussion with the patient’s regular consultant to establish why they declined to prescribe.
Prescribing involves more than signing a script.
You are responsible for ensuring that suitable arrangements are in place for monitoring, follow-up and review for any medication you prescribe, whether once-off or repeats.
You have a duty to work within your own sphere of knowledge and competence.
You must maintain and develop your knowledge and skills in relation to your role and practice, and must consult colleagues where appropriate.
Work in partnership with patients.
Patients (or their parents or carers) must be given sufficient information about the medicine to allow them to make an informed decision. If you decide to prescribe an unlicensed medicine when this is not routine, or if there is a suitably licensed alternative, you must give an explanation of the reasons for doing so.
Evidence your decision making.
You must record in the patient notes the evidence to explain and justify your decision to prescribe an off label medication. As part of the decision-making process, you should encourage your patient to be open about their use of alternative remedies and medicines obtained online or face to face. You should also explore the reasons for their request, their understanding of what it would involve and their expectations about the likely outcome. This will allow you to understand what is significant to the patient and then assess whether providing the medication could serve their needs. You should not prescribe a medicine if you think it would not serve the patient’s needs. You should explain your reasons to the patient and explore other options that might be available, including their right to seek a second opinion.
If you are concerned as to whether a prescription is in accordance with your professional duty, consult with colleagues where appropriate or contact MDDUS to discuss further.
- GMC: Good practice in prescribing and managing medicines and devices and Good medical practice.
- Gov.uk: Off-label or unlicensed use of medicines: prescribers’ responsibilities
- MDDUS (member log-in required): GP toolbox: Prescribing
Dr Greg Dollman is a senior medicolegal adviser at MDDUSKubica: un... punto di vista alternativo di questa F1!
La penalizzazione delle due Alfa Romeo ha permesso al pilota polacco di ereditare il decimo posto conquistando il primo punto della Williams, squadra derelitta che è costretta all'ultima fila. Robert così lascia un segno indelebile in questa F1 a otto anni dal suo rientro.
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Listen to this articleThese four innovations in special-education technology were on display at a special event during the annual ISTE conference in Atlanta
A software program that can boost the memory and attention of students with disabilities, called the “most innovative medical advancement of 2012” by the National Institutes of Health, was among four special-education technologies highlighted during an event at the 2014 ISTE conference in Atlanta.
ISTE stands for the International Society for Technology in Education, and its annual conference is the largest ed-tech trade show in North America.
More than 16,000 educators and administrators gathered in Atlanta for this year’s conference, including a few dozen special-education teachers and administrators who attended a special event on June 30, hosted by the public relations firm C. Blohm & Associates.
For this event, C. Blohm partnered with the Inclusive Learning Network (a special-education focus group affiliated with ISTE), Arc Capital Development, and the Atlanta Braves to showcase four innovations in special-education technology—including a robot with very natural-looking facial expressions that is helping students on the autism spectrum learn social cues.
Also shown during the event was a “cognitive cross-training program” from a company called C8 Sciences, developed by Dr. Bruce Wexler, a neuroscientist at the Yale School of Medicine.
Built on the theory of neuroplasticity—the idea that our brains can change as a result of experience—the program combines computer games and physical exercises to help students with ADHD or other learning disabilities develop eight key areas of “executive functioning” that form the basis for all learning.
The human brain is like a muscle, said Myron Pincomb, an investor in C8 Sciences who was on hand to discuss the program. “If you’re very specific in how you exercise it,” he said, “you’re going to get specific results.”
C8’s ACTIVATE program is being used in some 130 school districts, Pincomb said, including Virginia’s Fairfax County Schools—where about 3,000 students have seen measurable gains in their working memory, sustained attention, and impulse control, while also reducing the time it takes to process information.
(Next page: Three more innovations in special-education technology)bu Yeni ingiltere yurtseverleri serbest oyunculukta hücumlarına biraz ateş gücü eklemeleri gerekiyordu.
Ünlü bir pas yakalayıcıyla anlaşmaya vararak tam da bunu yapabildiler.
Adam Schefter’e göre Patriots, JuJu Smith-Schuster ile bir anlaşma yapmayı kabul etti.
Tazminat güncellemesi: Patriots ve JuJu Smith-Schuster, kaynak başına anlaşmanın ilk iki yılında kazanılan 22,5 milyon $ ile üç yıllık, 33 milyon $’ lık bir anlaşma üzerinde anlaşmaya vardı.
— Adam Schefter (@AdamSchefter) 15 Mart 2023
Smith-Schuster, Kansas City Chiefs ile sağlam bir sezonu geride bırakıyor.
933 yarda 78 resepsiyon ve üç gol attı.
Chiefs’in Super Bowl’u kazanmasında da önemli bir rol oynadı.
Smith-Schuster, gelecek sezonun Kasım ayında 27 yaşına gireceği için hala kariyerinin zirvesinde.
Eski ikinci tur seçimi, pek çok kişinin onun olacağını düşündüğü yıldız çapında bir alıcı haline gelmemiş olsa da, o hala iyi bir oyuncu.
Patriots’un hücumuna yardım edecek ve oyun kurucu Mac Jones onun gelişinden faydalanmalı.
Patriots, serbest oyuncu döneminde Jakobi Meyers’i kaybettiğinde, onun yerini doldurmaları gerektiği ortaya çıktı.
Tam da bunu yapabildiler ve Smith-Schuster’ın Vatanseverlerin kültürüne nasıl uyduğunu görmek ilginç olacak.
Smith-Schuster, zamanının çoğunu sosyal medyada geçirmeyi seviyor ama bu, baş antrenör Bill Belichick’in tercih edeceği bir şey değil.
Bu sezon saha dışı bazı şeyleri gizli tuttuğunu görmek sürpriz olmaz.
Sonuç olarak, geniş alıcı pazarı ucuz gibi görünüyor, bu yüzden Odell Beckham Jr. gibi birinin neye imza atacağını görmek ilginç olacak.
AFC East bu sezon dışında çok daha güçlenirken, Patriots biraz daha hamle yapmaktan çekinmemeli.
SONRAKİ:
Vatanseverler Yeni Bir Hücum Yan hakemiyle İmzalıyor
Kaynak : https://www.thecoldwire.com/the-patriots-are-signing-a-former-chiefs-wr/这个概念属于圣股票，也就是提醒警惕退市风险的股票，虽然圣板块和摘帽的概念是相反的概念，但当圣板块的概念有操作机会和摘帽预期时，它将是上升从历史趋势来看，它一般会成为公布年报前后的市场投资热点，此时公司业绩增长将成为一个确定的投资点。股票，板块：出现的原因主要有两个：一是上市公司经过两个会计年度的净利润为负；第二，最近一个国家的会计师的财务分析报告已经由会计师出具，他们不能表达自己的意见或负面意见。总的来说，投资圣板块股票需要比普通股票，更非凡的洞察力和对股票更细致的研究，所以对这个概念没有投资经验的投资者应该谨慎。
由于圣股票能在摘帽，之后大大增加，如何到达摘帽无疑是企业首脑们关心的问题。当然，这个过程也是投资者需要知道的，以便更详细地掌握圣股票。
圣摘帽怎么样
1、挑*号
股票的收入分为两种情况，一种是正的，也就是通常所说的净利润。如果公司主营业务正常，扣除非经常性损益后的净利润仍为正，则可以是摘帽，但如果公司主营业务不正常或扣除非经常性损益后的净利润为负，则只能去除，不能完全实现摘帽。
2.选择st
从上一段可以看出，ST股份最初是由股票，一星演变而来的。虽然一年的利润已经实现，但是主营业务没有正常化，或者扣除非经常性损益后的净利润为负，所以只能是摘星，但成为st后会继续盈利一年，然后扣除非经常性损益后的净利润为正，这样ST就可以去掉，股票就可以恢复正常。更多关于股票配资关注股票配资平台https://goodmancom.com的知识Viaggio a Lisbona di Cristiano Ronaldo per incontrare gli avvocati che lo difendono dalle accuse di violenza sessuale avanzate nei suoi confronti dalla modella americana Kathryn Mayorga. È quanto riporta il quotidiano portoghese 'Correio da Manhà. La vicenda risale al 2009 e si riferisce a un incontro che il campione portoghese avrebbe avuto con la ragazza in un hotel di Las Vegas.
«È una fake new. Certamente Karima negli ultimi anni non ha fatto alcuna dichiarazione che riguarda Ronaldo». Lo ha affermato l'avvocato Paola Boccardi, legale di Ruby, la marocchina protagonista della vicenda delle feste ad Arcore, a proposito del caso del calciatore della Juve. «L'unica cosa che vien da pensare - ha proseguito - leggendo le notizie dei media - è che facciano riferimento alle dichiarazioni da lei fatte da 17enne in merito alle quali ha già reso smentita nel corso della sua testimonianza dibattimentale 3 anni fa».
Il 2 luglio 2010, Ruby in un verbale davanti ai pm milanesi - nell'inchiesta a carico di Silvio Berlusconi per concussione e prostituzione minorile, finita poi con un'assoluzione in via definitiva - aveva raccontato di aver avuto un rapporto sessuale quando era minorenne con Cristiano Ronaldo, all'epoca al Real Madrid, il quale, a detta della ragazza, l'avrebbe anche pagata 4 mila euro. Fonti giudiziarie, però, già all'epoca avevano precisato che si trattava di parole non riscontrabili, né verificabili. La stessa difesa dell'ex premier, tra l'altro, nella lista dei testimoni del processo al leader di FI aveva anche indicato Ronaldo e proprio sul capitolo della presunta conoscenza tra la ragazza e il campione, stando alle parole di lei messe a verbale. T
estimonianza, però, che non era stata poi ritenuta utile per il dibattimento dai
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: How can we recognize if our child is bullied or, worse, being the bully?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: Sometimes it can be difficult to tell the difference. In general children who are being bullied may seem distant or scared, may be avoiding school, may even avoid their friends or doing social activities. They may have physical complaints, like headaches and stomach aches, and visit the nurse’s office frequently. They may come home without some of their belongings or very hungry because they had their lunch or lunch money taken. They may have anxiety or signs of depression. Many kids that are bullied have low self-esteem.
Kids that have become bullies may also have self-esteem issues, but are taking that out on kids that they feel are weaker than them. Some bullies have no self-esteem issues, but have a disregard for rules and trouble feeling sympathy and empathy for others. You may see impulsivity, and lack of regard for authority figures and rules. They may do poorly in school. They have a history of damaging property and may eventually get in trouble with the law.
The best way to find out if your child is being bullied or could actually be a bully, is to talk to them. Keep the lines of communication open. If you see any of these warning signs don't ignore them—talk to your children and find out what's going on.
Seymor: At what age does bullying start? Can it begin prior to beginning school?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: This is an interesting question. Bullying can start at any age. Usually it begins when a child is old enough to have intent with their actions, which would typically be around school age. So while toddlers may be physically aggressive with each other, it's not until the actions are malicious in nature and involve an imbalance of power, that we would call it bullying. This can be dependent on the maturity level of the particular child, but does not typically happen before school age.
Repeat Cycles of Bullying and Friendship
mtg: My daughter is nine years old. For the past two years my daughter has had issues with another child bullying her. The school has addressed it appropriately. The problem is that my daughter is very trusting and sensitive. There continues to be a cycle where this girl makes up to my daughter and seeks my daughter out to play at recess. My daughter trusts her, but then the girl ends up manipulating and bullying my daughter. She has been downright cruel, but when the school steps in she apologizes and tries to be friends again. I continue to tell my daughter that she can be polite to this girl, but should stay away from her. My daughter continues to get convinced that this time they will really be friends. I have tried explaining what true friendships are and so on, but it doesn't work. I don't want my daughter to think this is how healthy friendships work. What can I do? School has agreed to separate them next year.
Emma_Raizman,_MD: It sounds like both you and the school have been doing all of the right things. The advice that you've been giving your daughter is excellent. This is a hard lesson for any child to learn and, unfortunately, it is likely one that she is going to have to learn on her own. You can continue to help her by giving her examples of friendships that you feel are healthy. Hopefully, you can give her some examples that are in her own life. You can also be there for her to support her with empathy and not say, ‘I told you so,’ when she is inevitably hurt emotionally by this girl yet again. You can encourage her friendships with good influences and providing reinforcement of the great advice you've been giving her with other family members or adults she looks up to.
Bullying in Sibling Relationships
robbockscc: I have two sons in grades six and eight. Sometimes they are inseparable buddies. Sometimes the eldest son is a relentlessly cruel bully toward the younger son. The dynamic is such that the younger son always caves to the eldest son's will. I believe it is beyond what is normal for siblings. I have tried various fruitless approaches to both stop the eldest from bullying, and teach the younger to resist. What advice do you have for a frustrated parent who is worried their eldest son will grow up learning it is o.k. to take advantage of others, and their younger son will grow up learning it is o.k. that others take advantage of him?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: I respect that you want to address this now and raise your sons to appreciate each other and other people. The two issues that need to be addressed here are education and discipline. Although a certain amount of sibling rivalry—and even cruelty—is a normal part of growing up, there is also a time when it is out of control and that sounds like your case. It is important to talk to each child alone about not only what they are doing to and taking from their sibling, but also why they are doing it. Is there peer pressure? Is there insecurity or self-esteem issues? Is there jealousy or looking for attention? When you find out more about the why, then I would work on addressing those specific issues (such as making sure that each one of them gets protected time with you or their father). Then I would also continue to educate each one of them that bullying is not right and will not be tolerated. I would talk to your younger son about self-esteem. Work with him on increasing his self-esteem with positive reinforcement and get him involved in activities that he feels good at. I would also give positive reinforcement to your older son when he acts with compassion.
robbockscc: My girlfriend is a divorced mother of two sons who are 10 and 14 years old. The 14-year-old son regularly bullies the 10-year-old son, including physically hurting the 10-year-old boy. It is so much so that the boys were separated, and the 14-year-old is now in the custody of his father. The father has stated that he does not have a problem with the bullying, and states that the 14-year-old boy is unable to control his actions because of his mother. Due to legal custody arrangements, the 10-year-old son spends every other weekend at his father's home and is subject to bullying during those times. Unfortunately the father sets a questionable example for the 14-year-old boy by verbally abusing the 10-year-old son.
Obviously I cannot change the father's or the older son’s behavior, but what can the mother and I do to help the younger son cope with the bullying from his brother? I am very concerned about long-term issues for the 10-year-old boy.
Emma_Raizman,_MD: I'm very sorry for your situation. Please make sure that the legal system is aware of the current situation because the situation could have implications on visitation and the well-being of the children. If the children are not currently in therapy, I would strongly recommend counseling for each, and especially the youngest. The best thing you can do is to be supportive of the younger son, reminding him that this is not his fault or anything he deserves or did wrong. Let him know that what his brother is doing is not right, but also encourage compassion for his brother rather than aggression. Try to find things to increase your girlfriend’s 10-year-old son's self-esteem. Plan activities that you can do together, he can do with friends, or that he can do alone that will encourage his confidence and feelings of accomplishment. Good luck.
mtg: There has been a lot in the media about online bullying lately. What is your advice for parents?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: Thirty three percent of teenagers report being victims of cyberbullying. It is definitely a topic that needs to be discussed with our children and that parents need to be educated on. I previously discussed this on our Health Hub, so I would direct you to this conversation and hopefully it answers your questions and will provide more information on the subject. You can find this information at
Long-term Effects of Bullying
WG: What are the long-term effects of bullying on an adult who was bullied as a child?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: The effects can be serious or the effects can be vague. Some adults who were bullied can have problems in school and subsequently at work, such as trouble concentrating and trouble keeping a steady job. Some people end up with depression and anxiety, and can suffer with poor self-esteem and subsequent poor decision-making skills related to that. This may result in divorce, problems with drugs and alcohol, and financial instability. Some adults who were bullied as children, especially those with a good support system and counseling, can have minimal to no discernible consequences as adults. Much of the long-term effects are related to how long it went on, were there multiple episodes of bullying, was there a support system, and how the bullying was handled.
Parental Influence on Difference Awareness
Jule: Even though this web chat is focused on kids, a lot of bullying involves anyone who is ‘different’, including people with disabilities and different abilities—visible or not. There are different thought processes on a person's abilities whether based on what a person or bully is taught, generation of beliefs, etc. What's the best way to address this type of assumption from a bully?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: Sometimes educating a bully can be difficult. The place to start is with the parents because a person's belief structure starts in childhood. Parents should set a good example for their children in terms of acceptance of those who may be different from themselves—maybe that difference is a disability, a different look, a different socioeconomic class, etc. Parents should talk to their children about not only accepting children and adults who are different, but also embracing those differences and getting to know people for who they are and not how they look. In addition, teaching children to stand up for children who may be different and may be getting bullied is very important, and will keep their children from becoming bullies.
Prevention and Intervention
Aussie: What can we teach our children to avoid being a target of a bully? Do we teach them to ignore, fight back or simply tell an adult (who may or may not intercede)?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: The best way to avoid being bullied is for your children to know that they should tell an adult. If they are in a situation where they are being bullied, being assertive (i.e., standing up tall and telling the bully to stop what they're doing) will stop many cases of bullying. Assertive is not the same as aggressive. It is not o.k. to fight back. Your child should find the nearest adult and tell him or her what is going on. Teach your child to ‘move in groups’ and to not go places (especially private places like dark hallways and bathrooms) alone. If the appropriate adults are aware of the situation (including teachers, principals and parents) then supervision and patrols can make those ‘private places’ much safer. Probably the most important thing you can teach your child is good self-esteem. Let them know that they are strong, capable children and that it is never o.k. for them to be bullied. Find things they can do to make them feel confident and good about themselves. Encourage friendships with a supportive group of friends. And, always keep the lines of communication open with you.
KadLac: What can we do to get our kids to promote that it is 'not cool to bully someone' message?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: Lead by example. Show your children by your actions and kindness to people that compassion is the appropriate way to treat others. Get a group of other parents together and make a pledge for everyone to talk to their children about acting with kindness and empathy. Kids are very responsive to peer influences, so if their friends are acting appropriately then they are more likely to as well. Also, talk to your children about standing up for others who may be picked on or bullied. Finally, teach your children to embrace differences instead of ridiculing them. To assist talking to your kids about differences this story can be a starting point - http://health.clevelandclinic.org/2013/04/puppy-with-cleft-palate-teaches-kids-tolerance/
memchugh: You say that in schools where there are anti-bullying programs, bullying is reduced by 50 percent. But all anti-bullying programs can't be created equal. What are the recommended programs?
Emma_Raizman,_MD: There are many different anti-bullying programs and you are correct that they are not all created equal, but then again there are also many different types of bullying. The web site www.stopbullying.gov is a wonderful resource. Also, different states have different laws regarding bullying.
Moderator: I am sorry to say that we are at the end of our chat. We appreciate your participation and hope you will join us for other chat topics in the future.
Thank you, Emma Raizman, MD, for sharing your expertise and answering questions today about bullying—how to recognize, prevent and respond to the problem.
Emma_Raizman,_MD: Thank you for your wonderful questions. I appreciate the opportunity to provide you with some information on what is a growing and serious problem in our culture. This question was not asked, but we have seen in the media numerous cases of children hurting or killing themselves or others due at least in part to them being bullied. I cannot stress enough how important it is to talk to your children about tolerance, acceptance and making sure that they feel safe and supported by their school, their friends and their families.
If you suspect that your child may be bullied or have any questions about their actual safety or feelings of safety, do not ignore these signs and signals. Engage the appropriate authorities, whether it be school officials, other parents, police, coaches, your child's pediatrician, or if suicidal thoughts are suspected, possibly the emergency room. No child should have to go through this alone. Your school counselor, teachers, principals, healthcare professionals and mental health professionals are all good resources. There are several online resources that can provide good information as well, such as http://www.stopbullying.gov and http://www.bullyingstatistics.org.Hopefully together and with education we can reverse this trend and keep our kids safe, happy and healthy!
To make an appointment with Emma Raizman, MD or another primary care pediatrician, please call 216.444.KIDS (5437) or toll-free at 800.223.2273, ext. 45437. You can also visit us online to learn more.
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On Cleveland Clinic
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On Cleveland Clinic
As a member of the Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital staff, Emma Raizman, MD is one of more than 50 pediatric primary care physicians who serve the well-being of newborns, infants, children and adolescents at convenient Cleveland Clinic locations throughout northern Ohio. Our pediatric physicians offer comprehensive general and preventive care, as well as care for children with complex or chronic health issues. With access to leading-edge diagnostic and treatment resources, as well as a total commitment to family-centered care, our pediatric professionals are well-equipped to diagnose and treat common, everyday illnesses, as well as serious childhood diseases and conditions like cancer, diabetes and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Cleveland Clinic Children's Hospital and Pediatric Institute provides primary pediatric care at Family Health Centers throughout the community as well as specialized and subspecialty pediatric care for the most complex cases at Cleveland Clinic Main Campus, Hillcrest and Fairview Hospitals. Our team includes board-certified pediatricians, nurses, nurse practitioners, therapists, social workers and other specialists who provide comprehensive, family-centered care for a wide variety of acute, chronic and complex children's illnesses.
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This information is provided by Cleveland Clinic as a convenience service only and is not intended to replace the medical advice of your doctor or health care provider. Please consult your health care provider for advice about a specific medical condition. Please remember that this information, in the absence of a visit with a health care professional, must be considered as an educational service only and is not designed to replace a physician's independent judgment about the appropriateness or risks of a procedure for a given patient. The views and opinions expressed by an individual in this forum are not necessarily the views of the Cleveland Clinic institution or other Cleveland Clinic physicians. ©Copyright 1995-2013. The Cleveland Clinic Foundation. All rights reserved.Forty-nine years ago this week, the highly-classified CIA/Lockheed A-12, with Lockheed Test Pilot Lou Schalk at the controls, took to the air for the first time. The historic flight originated from the U.S. government’s top secret flight test facility at Groom Lake, Nevada.
The high stakes of the Cold War compelled the United States to develop the capability to perform covert surveillance missions via overflight of the Soviet Union. The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) was tasked by the Eisenhower Administration for the job. The CIA partnered with the Lockheed Company to develop a high-flying reconnaissance aircraft known as the U-2.
Outfitted with a suite of high tech cameras and sensors, the U-2 was flown by CIA pilots from 1956 through 1960 to gather vital intelligence data regarding Soviet military capabilities. The aircraft penetrated Soviet territory at altitudes in excess of 70,000 feet and a top speed of about 500 mph. The type’s unrefueled range was more than 5,500 nautical miles. Maximum endurance was 12 hours.
Soon after the U-2 began flying operational missions over the Soviet Union, the U-2 was detected on Soviet radar. Fortunately, Soviet ground-launched missiles were unable to reach the high-flying surveillance aircraft. But the writing was on the wall. It would be only a matter of time before the Soviets improved their defenses to the point that the U-2 would be intercepted. That day occurred on Sunday,
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by 60,000 members of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, packed Madison Square Garden in back-to-back rallies to push Truman to veto Taft-Hartley. Truman issued his veto two weeks later but was quickly overridden by Congress.
Bettmann / Getty
Martin Jay Levitt, who had worked as a consultant t0 companies seeking to stop union drives, wrote in his 1993 memoir Confessions of a Union Buster that Taft-Hartley attacked “unions on almost every front.” He added,“Management always had the upper hand, of course; they had never lost it. But thanks to Taft-Hartley, the bosses could once again wage their war with near impunity.”
Even when Democrats took full control of government, no law came around to replace Taft-Hartley. Not under Lyndon Johnson, who voted for Taft-Hartley in the House and whose Great Society initiatives expanded many areas of the New Deal but did not restore power to unions. And not under Jimmy Carter, Bill Clinton, or Barack Obama. The result—spurred on by additional factors like globalization, deregulation, and increasingly sophisticated anti-union campaigns—is a private-sector unionization rate of 6.3 percent, even though unions remain broadly popular.
The PRO Act would undo key parts of Taft-Hartley by ending right-to-work laws and blocking companies from intimidating workers into voting against unionization with tools like captive audience meetings. But it does more than take the country back to 1946. Employers who fire workers for organizing would face significant financial consequences. Today, they only have to provide back pay minus what the employee earned elsewhere, or even could have earned, after getting fired illegally.
The law would also prevent companies from redefining who gets to vote in union elections. This seemingly minor distinction can be crucial to efforts to defeat union drives. In Bessemer, Amazon raised the bar for organizers to win a majority by successfully pushing for the election to cover nearly 6,000 people, including temporary and seasonal workers, instead of the roughly 1,500 workers the Retail, Wholesale, and Department Store Union initially wanted to unionize. When unions win elections, companies would be forced into arbitration if they don’t accept a collective bargaining agreement within 90 days of negotiating. (More than half of unions don’t have a contract one year after winning an election.)
For now, the PRO Act looks stuck. It won’t get a vote on the Senate floor until all Democrats get behind it. There are three holdouts: Mark Kelly and Kyrsten Sinema of Arizona, and Mark Warner of Virginia. And even if they sign on, there won’t be enough votes to overcome a Republican filibuster. But it may still be possible to enact some parts of the bill through reconciliation with a simple majority vote, such as financial penalties for companies that violate labor law.
There’s reason for unions to be optimistic about where Democrats are headed, after decades of tension. The president of of the International Association of Machinists mockingly called President Carter, who invoked a provision of Taft-Hartley to end a coal strike, the “best Republican president since Herbert Hoover.” Clinton backed NAFTA, which was strongly opposed by unions. Obama pushed through yet another free trade agreement opposed by labor before Donald Trump pulled the United States out of it.
Biden, on the other hand, went off script during his address to Congress last week to name-check the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers. A few minutes later, he called on Congress to pass the PRO Act. Seven decades after Taft-Hartley, a Democratic president was finally pushing for a change.
This article has been updated to correct the number of Senate seats won by Republican candidates in the 1946 national elections.The Xantus's Hummingbird (Hylocharis xantusii) was first collected by Hungarian naturalist John Xántus de Vesey in 1859 and described by George Lawrence (Lawrence 1860), who named it in honor of Xántus. It is a stocky, medium-sized hummingbird with a white postocular-stripe contrasting strongly with a broad, blackish auricular mask; cinnamon belly; mostly rufous tail; and a straight bill. Lamb (Lamb 1925a: 90) described this hummingbird as having a "gentle disposition."
Xantus's Hummingbird is endemic to central and southern Baja California, Mexico, but vagrants have been reported in southern California and British Columbia. Although it is an endemic species with a restricted range, it is fairly common within its range. It can be found in open montane forest, clearings, brushy hillsides, canyons, second growth, gardens, orchards, and arid montane scrub, often near fresh water.
Little is known about the biology and ecology of the Xantus's Hummingbird. A few early studies described the appearance and plumage of the species from various seasons and localities (Bryant 1889, Brewster 1902b, Ridgway 1916); Grinnell (Grinnell 1928b) summarized the distributional records of the time. Lamb's (Lamb 1925a) study provided key information on aspects of behavior, nest-site location, diet, habitat preferences, and especially the breeding of the species. More recently, Arriaga et al. (Arriaga et al. 1990) examined the ecological relationship between the Xantus's Hummingbird and an ericaceous madrone tree (Arbutus peninsularis) that grows on hillsides and canyons of the pine-oak forest and is endemic to Baja California.
The migratory tendencies of the Xantus's Hummingbird are not well known; breeding has been documented in different months for different latitudes. Although nests of the species have been found and a few have even been briefly monitored, descriptions of the actual nest cycle and of the young are lacking. As with other hummingbirds, breeding activities probably vary with the availability of nectar resources, but this has not been directly examined in Xantus's Hummingbird. There are some descriptions of the plants it uses for nec-tar sources, including an endemic madrone that appears to require the hummingbird for pollination (Arriaga et al. 1990). No detailed studies are available, however, measuring mutualisms or coevolutionary interactions between Xantus's Hummingbird and any of its potential nectar resources. Much remains to be learned about the biology of this striking species.هوش هیجانی چیست؟
شاید برای شما سوال ایجاد شده باشد که منظور از هوش هیجانی چه بوده و اهمیت آن در چیست؟ آیا توجه به این موضوع و وقت گذاشتن روی شناخت و تحقیق درباره آن کاری عاقلانه است یا تنها وقت ما تلف خواهد شد؟
شاید با خواندن این مقاله بخشی از این سوالات شما پاسخ داده شود. هوش هیجانی eq قسمتی از هوش است که اهمیت زیادی در روابط اجتماعی داشته و این موضوع بیشتر در تربیت کودک اهمیت پیدا می کند چرا که دوران کودکی دوران مهمی بوده و باور ها و توانایی های هوش هیجانی کودک در آن شکل می گیرد.Slovak tenisçi kötü bir performans gösterdiği ilk seti 6-3 kaybetti. Tie-break’e giden ikinci seti hanesine yazdıran Cibulkova karşılaşmayı final setine taşımayı başardı. Bu sette skor 5-5 iken rakibinin servisini kırarak maç için servis atma hakkı kazanan dünya 20 numarası hata yapmadı ve müsabakadan galibiyetle ayrıldı.
Geçen hafta Linz’de final gören ve Petra Kvitova’ya kaybeden Cibulkova, kariyerinin ilk WTA şampiyonluğuna böylece ulaşmış oldu.the verbal act of naming
"the part he failed was the naming of state capitals"
appointment, assignment, designation, naming(adj)
the act of putting a person into a non-elective position
"the appointment had to be approved by the whole committee"
inclined to or serving for the giving of names
"the appellative faculty of children"; "the appellative function of some primitive rites"
A ritual or ceremony in which a name is given to a person.
The process of giving names to things.
The act of announcing the name of a person, organization etc.
The newspaper has a policy against naming its sources.
Associated with the process of giving a name to a person or thing.
Naming is a procedure in the British House of Commons, Australian House of Representatives and the New Zealand Parliament, whereby the Speaker or one of his deputies proposes a vote on the suspension of a member of the House if the Speaker believes that he has broken the rules of conduct of the House. Usually this is only done if the member has already been ordered to leave the House and refused to do so, or has committed a serious breach of conduct, and carries a suspension of up to five days and the loss of the Member's salary during that period. The Speaker or Deputy Speaker declares "I name", followed by the name of the member, and then puts the question, A division is not normally required since MPs will usually back the speaker's judgement. However, when John McDonnell was named by deputy speaker Alan Haselhurst on 15 January 2009 for manhandling the parliamentary mace a division was called because George Galloway and other members declared themselves with the Noes. A vote on the suspension was not held as the government refused to provide tellers.
The numerical value of naming in Chaldean Numerology is: 1
The numerical value of naming in Pythagorean Numerology is: 4
Examples of naming in a Sentence
Naming Moxy was a four-month process involving a great deal of brainstorming, once we came up with it, we knew we had a name with emotional resonance that hit a global sweet spot.
People very close to him told us that he feared he was pre-dementia, that he had changed. You watch Donald Trump in the late 1980s, even in the 90s, you watch him now, he is completely changed, can we talk about the media again doing their own self-diagnosis of the problem?Like, youre not allowed to make any jokes right now about Jerry Nadler having an issue, but people like Joe Scarborough are allowed to go on national television and say that people have told Joe Scarborough without actually naming anybody, that the president is pre-dementia.
North Korea has usually tried to hide this facility by not naming it, sometimes it is unnamed; in other cases only the name of the plant manager was given.
Perhaps the most difficult issue facing the military council now through its political committee is getting agreement from the political spectrum and the community forces on the naming of a prime minister, the ball is in their court.
There may be a seductive belief that by naming a running mate, you can magically erase political deficits, but at the end of the day, voters select the person on the top of the ticket, not the understudy.
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- English (English)handelsblatt.com 2.9.19
Christian Sewing è dietro la ricostruzione di Deutsche Bank. D’ora in poi, il 15 percento del suo stipendio sarà investito in azioni della banca ogni mese.
Cucito cristiano
Il CEO di Deutsche Bank vuole porre fine alla crisi permanente di Deutsche Bank con un riorientamento fondamentale.(Foto: Reuters)
Il CEO di Deutsche Bank vuole porre fine alla crisi permanente di Deutsche Bank con un riorientamento fondamentale.(Foto: Reuters)
Il capo della banca tedesca di Francoforte Christian Sewingrende vero il suo annuncio e mette nei prossimi anni, gran parte del suo reddito mensile in azioni del gruppo Dax. Da settembre a fine dicembre 2022, quasi il 15% della retribuzione esecutiva netta di Sewing sarà investita in titoli di Deutsche Bank su base mensile .
Gli acquisti vengono effettuati il 22 di ogni mese o il giorno di negoziazione successivo, come evidenziato da un annuncio di borsa obbligatorio pubblicato lunedì. Per un periodo di 40 mesi, una partecipazione complessiva di circa 850.000 euro.
Sewing vuole segnalare che è pienamente dietro la ricostruzione radicale della più grande casa di moneta tedesca. Poco dopo aver presentato i piani all’inizio di luglio, Sewing ha dichiarato di voler “dare il buon esempio”: “Ho deciso di investire una parte significativa del mio stipendio fisso nei prossimi anni”.
Cucire vuole porre fine alla persistente crisi di Deutsche Bank con un riorientamento fondamentale. Il numero di posti di lavoro a tempo pieno dovrebbe essere ridotto di circa 18.000 entro la fine del 2022 a 74.000 in tutto il mondo. L’investment banking, che ha fatto fallire le sanzioni da miliardi di dollari, viene severamente ridotto. La banca vuole aumentare da sola i costi per la riorganizzazione per un importo di circa 7,4 miliardi di euro.袁庚：创造蛇口奇迹的改革先锋
他率先在深圳蛇口打响改革开放“第一炮”，提出“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”的口号；创办培育了我国第一个外向型工业园区——蛇口工业区，成为我国改革开放排头兵。他的勇于探索和改革创新，为我国改革开放提供了宝贵经验，作出了重要历史性贡献。他就是招商局集团原常务副董事长、原蛇口工业区管委会主任袁庚。
袁庚，1917年4月生，广东宝安人，1938年参加革命工作，1939年3月加入中国共产党。曾任广东人民抗日游击队东江纵队军事教员、联络处主任、驻香港办事处主任，第四野战军炮兵团团长。1949年后，曾任中国驻雅加达领事。1978年9月，时任交通部外事局负责人的袁庚被任命为招商局集团常务副董事长。袁庚当时已经61岁，本已准备退休安享晚年生活，但他仍毫不犹豫地服从了组织决定。
创立于晚清洋务运动时期、曾经辉煌一时的招商局在袁庚接手时早已不复往日风光。袁庚调研后向中央请示，大胆提出“立足港澳，背靠国内，面向海外，多种经营，买卖结合，工商结合”的发展方针。随后，经中央批准，选定了当时还是一片荒芜的深圳蛇口作为招商局发展工业的基地。
1979年7月8日，蛇口的基建工作如火如荼地开展起来。在封闭了几十年的中国大地上，蛇口工业区的开工建设打响了改革开放的“第一炮”。
蛇口的系列改革，是从1979年首个工程项目蛇口港工程招投标和对蛇口港工地运泥车司机实行定额超产奖励——“4分钱奖金”开始的。为加快工程进度，袁庚主持制定了运泥车“每超一车奖励4分钱”的定额超产奖励制。这一打破“大锅饭”和平均主义的奖励办法很快提高了工人们的积极性。但不久，这一做法被有关部门叫停。“4分钱奖金”被叫停后，工程进度立即慢了下来。袁庚急了，通过新华社内参向中央反映了这一问题，陈述了改革分配体制、实行奖励机制的必要性。内参引起了中央领导的关注和支持。随后，蛇口工地上的定额超产奖又恢复了，工程进度又一次提速，其直接结果，是这一段码头竣工比原计划提前一个多月，多创产值达130万元。
为了进一步激发建设者的创造力，袁庚有了提炼一种精神口号来激励大家的想法。由此，“时间就是金钱，效率就是生命”的口号应运而生。
在袁庚的努力招商引资下，蛇口先后建立了集装箱厂、铝厂、游艇厂等一批批工厂。蛇口工业区很快兴盛起来，各项改革举措开全国风气之先。袁庚主政下的蛇口创造了率先实行人才公开招聘、分配体制改革、住房商品化、建立社会保障体系等24项“全国第一”。
20世纪80年代，在袁庚的推动下，新中国第一家由企业创办的股份制商业银行——招商银行、新中国第一家由企业创办的商业保险机构——平安保险，先后在蛇口成立。如今，两家企业都已经成长为世界500强企业。
1993年3月，袁庚从招商局集团常务副董事长岗位上离休。在他执掌招商局的14年里，招商局资产从4800万元人民币增至56亿元人民币，翻了近117倍，一个百年老企业重新焕发出了生机。
袁庚在结束媒体采访时，总是喜欢对来访者叮嘱一句：“向前走，莫回头。”而这句话也成为他一生最真切的写照。如今，袁庚已故，但他留下的改革精神，却激励着中国一代又一代的改革者接续前行。Il roster dei Portland Trail Blazers è adesso completo, dopo l’aggiunta
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Change the World through Foster Care
Youth as Decision-Makers — Young people in foster care should have substantial opportunities to make decisions for themselves. Adults should teach children and youth healthy and successful decision-making skills, and facilitate decision-making for every children and youth in foster care to experience personal, group and systemic decision-making, too.
Youth Evaluation — Positioning youth as evaluators can provide meaningful, applicable and real ways to change the world through foster care. Whether evaluating their placements, support services, counselors or other individuals and activities that affect them directly, or integrating them throughout community-wide evaluation activities, young people in foster care can share powerful assessments of their world.
Community Youth Development — In addition to teaching foster youth independent living skills, it is essential they learn how to rely on others throughout their communities in healthy, supportive and empowering ways. Interdependent living skills can be learned through community youth development strategies that are designed to integrate foster children and foster youth throughout their communities, whether geographic, cultural or otherwise.
Things Youth Need to Change the World through Foster Care
Opportunities — Foster care is an adult-driven system with adult-determined goals operated by adults for the benefit of adults, all focused on children and youth. Young people need substantial, relevant and meaningful opportunities to affect the system. These should not be tokenistic, belittling, demeaning, manipulative or otherwise negative. Instead, they should be equitable, geared towards youth/adult partnerships and transformative for everyone involved, including children, youth and adults.
Training — Whether they’re learning how to transform foster care in group homes, in nonprofits, through government programs, with foundations, or through the media, children and youth in foster care should have significant training. Their skills should be developed to ensure successful action, while their knowledge should be shared to encourage meaningful personal development.
Technology — Using every technology available to them, children and youth in foster care can change the world. Texting can increase communication and community building among youth in foster care, while social media can help ensure that foster childrens’ voices are heard. Building websites and forming organizations online can further systemic goals focused on youth engagement, while access to the Internet can be a building block for further action.
- Mockingbird Society
- Represent: The Voice of Youth in Care by Youth Communication
- Youth MOVE National
- Youth Leadership Advisory Team: The Voice for Maine’s Youth in Foster Care
- California Youth Connection
- “Sharing Perspectives: Youth Voices for Change” Voice Magazine by Casey Family Services
- “Mississippi Youth Voice” by the Mississippi Teen Advisory Board for Jim Casey Youth Opportunities Initiative
Other tools are out there, too – share your thoughts in the comments below! For more information about how The Freechild Project can support youth engagement in foster care in your community or organization, contact us.Buti ha scritto::shock: non ci avevo pensato...
dici che potrebbe stare bene??
Buti
però poi da un lato vedrai l'interno della finestra, e dall'altro l'esterno... e poi le finestre, con quello che costano!
A limite fai un telaino con due antine scorrevoli... però alte tanto da non permettere la visuale!以太坊是一个开源的区块链平台，它允许开发者构建和部署智能合约和去中心化应用程序（Dapps）。在以太坊网络上，所有的交互和操作都被记录在一个公共的分布式账本中，这个账本被称为区块链。当我们在以太坊网络上进行交易或执行智能合约时，会产生大量的日志信息，这些日志信息对于开发者来说是非常重要的，因为它们可以帮助开发者调试和分析代码。
以太坊的日志信息通常是以十六进制编码的形式存储的，这使得它们很难被直接阅读和理解。为了能够更好地查看和分析以太坊的日志信息，我们需要使用一些工具和技术来进行解码。
在PHP中，我们可以使用以太坊的PHP库来解码以太坊的日志信息。这个PHP库提供了一些函数和类，可以帮助我们将以太坊的日志信息从十六进制编码解码为可读的格式。
我们需要安装以太坊的PHP库。可以通过Composer来安装，只需要在项目的根目录下创建一个composer.json文件，并添加以下内容：
“`
\”require\”: {
\”ethereum/ethereum\”: \”^0.6.0\”
}
“`
然后，在命令行中执行以下命令来安装PHP库：
“`
composer install
“`
安装完成后，我们就可以在PHP代码中使用以太坊的PHP库了。下面是一个简单的示例代码：
“`php
<?php
require \’vendor/autoload.php\’;
use Ethereum\\Ethereum;
$log = \’0x000000000\’;
$decodedLog = Ethereum::decodeLog($log);
print_r($decodedLog);
“`
在这个示例中，我们首先引入了以太坊的PHP库，并创建了一个以太坊日志的十六进制编码。然后，我们使用Ethereum::decodeLog()函数将日志解码为可读的格式，并将结果打印出来。
通过这个简单的示例，我们可以看到以太坊的PHP库提供了一个方便的方法来解码以太坊的日志信息。我们可以根据需要对日志进行解码，并将解码后的结果用于调试和分析。
以太坊的PHP解码日志查看指南通过使用以太坊的PHP库，我们可以轻松地解码以太坊的日志信息，并将其转换为可读的格式。这对于开发者来说是非常有用的，因为它可以帮助他们更好地调试和分析以太坊的智能合约和Dapps。如果你想要查看和分析以太坊的日志信息，不妨尝试使用以太坊的PHP库来进行解码吧！The charges of cruelty leveled against April are utterly false and without merit. April feels violated by the defamatory comments and would like the bad-mouthing to end. If the cruelty claim were true, it would have been true forever. Instead, we can trace this falsehood to a single source: T. S. Eliot’s The Waste Land.
Published in 1922, this “poem” begins with the assertion “April is the cruellest month.” Eliot goes on to list three offenses: “breeding / Lilacs out of the dead land”; “mixing / Memory and desire”; and “stirring / Dull roots with spring rain.” We see nothing wrong with any of these. Lilacs are pretty. Desire is a good thing. Eliot can spin it all he wants, but the majority of Americans perceive “spring rain” as a positive.
So why “go after” April? We launched an investigation to see if personal motives were driving these attacks. Thomas Stearns Eliot was born in September—coincidentally not the cruelest month—of 1888 and grew up in St. Louis, Missouri, the son of a well-heeled businessman. His elitist lifestyle led him to graduate school at Harvard University in the useless and impractical field of philosophy. He moved to England to study at snobby Oxford, dropped out, denounced his U.S. citizenship, remained a virgin as late as age 26, and had at least one nervous breakdown. Like P.L.O. terrorist Yasser Arafat and racist biologist James Watson, Eliot was awarded a Nobel Prize. He died in January—ironically not the cruelest month—of 1965.
Unstable and un-American, Eliot first espoused his anti-April views in October—also not the cruelest month—of 1922 when he published The Waste Land in The Criterion. This “literary” journal was founded and edited by Eliot, which means nobody else would publish his lies.
The self-published “poet” waged his vicious campaign without providing any real evidence of actual cruelty. In fact, a recent poll conducted by Zogby placed April among the top-five “most enjoyable months”—an astonishing achievement given it has only 30 days. Respondents cited “April Fools’ Day,” “Earth Day,” and “Passover” as highlights. “Tax day” was viewed as a “downside,” but many acknowledged that the hard work of tracking down receipts was done weeks before, making March, perhaps, the cruelest month.
And then there’s Easter, which is normally celebrated in April. Our Lord Jesus Christ rose from his grave in April, but apparently that wasn't enough to impress Eliot, who converted to the Anglican Church, an extreme British cult.
To correct the inaccuracy of this “poem,” we have requested that the Eliot estate amend The Waste Land by rephrasing the first line: “In my opinion / April is the cruellest month …” Better yet, we’d like to see the “poem” begin, “April is the fourth month …” At least that’s accurate.
We look forward to hearing from the estate’s lawyer and, if necessary, proving the absurdity of Eliot’s claims in a court of law.
Nell Scovell is a contributor to Vanity Fair. Her first piece for the magazine appeared 20 years ago this April.On June 5, 1873, in a letter to The Times, Sir Francis Galton, the cousin of Charles Darwin and a distinguished African explorer in his own right, outlined a daring (if by today’s standards utterly offensive) new method to ‘tame’ and colonise what was then known as the Dark Continent.
‘My proposal is to make the encouragement of Chinese settlements of Africa a part of our national policy, in the belief that the Chinese immigrants would not only maintain their position, but that they would multiply and their descendants supplant the inferior Negro race,’ wrote Galton.
‘I should expect that the African seaboard, now sparsely occupied by lazy, palavering savages, might in a few years be tenanted by industrious, order-loving Chinese, living either as a semidetached dependency of China, or else in perfect freedom under their own law.’
Close relations: Chinese President Hu Jintao accompanies Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe to a ceremony in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing
Despite an outcry in Parliament and heated debate in the august salons of the Royal Geographic Society, Galton insisted that ‘the history of the world tells the tale of the continual displacement of populations, each by a worthier successor, and humanity gains thereby’.
A controversial figure, Galton was also the pioneer of eugenics, the theory that was used by Hitler to try to fulfil his mad dreams of a German Master Race.
Eventually, Galton’s grand resettlement plans fizzled out because there were much more exciting things going on in Africa.
But that was more than 100 years ago, and with legendary explorers such as Livingstone, Speke and Burton still battling to find the source of the Nile – and new discoveries of exotic species of birds and animals featuring regularly on newspaper front pages – vast swathes of the continent had not even been ‘discovered’.
Yet Sir Francis Galton, it now appears, was ahead of his time. His vision is coming true – if not in the way he imagined. An astonishing invasion of Africa is now under way.
In the greatest movement of people the world has ever seen, China is secretly working to turn the entire continent into a new colony.
Reminiscent of the West’s imperial push in the 18th and 19th centuries – but on a much more dramatic, determined scale – China’s rulers believe Africa can become a ‘satellite’ state, solving its own problems of over-population and shortage of natural resources at a stroke.
With little fanfare, a staggering 750,000 Chinese have settled in Africa over the past decade. More are on the way.
The strategy has been carefully devised by officials in Beijing, where one expert has estimated that China will eventually need to send 300 million people to Africa to solve the problems of over-population and pollution.
The plans appear on track. Across Africa, the red flag of China is flying.
Lucrative deals are being struck to buy its commodities – oil, platinum, gold and minerals. New embassies and air routes are opening up. The continent’s new Chinese elite can be seen everywhere, shopping at their own expensive boutiques, driving Mercedes and BMW limousines, sending their children to exclusive private schools.
The pot-holed roads are cluttered with Chinese buses, taking people to markets filled with cheap Chinese goods. More than a thousand miles of new Chinese railroads are crisscrossing the continent, carrying billions of tons of illegally-logged timber, diamonds and gold.
The trains are linked to ports dotted around the coast, waiting to carry the goods back to Beijing after unloading cargoes of cheap toys made in China.
Confucius Institutes (state-funded Chinese ‘cultural centres’) have sprung up throughout Africa, as far afield as the tiny land-locked countries of Burundi and Rwanda, teaching baffled local people how to do business in Mandarin and Cantonese.
Massive dams are being built, flooding nature reserves. The land is scarred with giant Chinese mines, with ‘slave’ labourers paid less than £1 a day to extract ore and minerals.
Pristine forests are being destroyed, with China taking up to 70 per cent of all timber from Africa.
All over this great continent, the Chinese presence is swelling into a flood. Angola has its own ‘Chinatown’, as do great African cities such as Dar es Salaam and Nairobi.
Exclusive, gated compounds, serving only Chinese food, and where no blacks are allowed, are being built all over the continent. ‘African cloths’ sold in markets on the continent are now almost always imported, bearing the legend: ‘Made in China’.
From Nigeria in the north, to Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and Angola in the west, across Chad and Sudan in the east, and south through Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique, China has seized a vice-like grip on a continent which officials have decided is crucial to the superpower’s long-term survival.
‘The Chinese are all over the place,’ says Trevor Ncube, a prominent African businessman with publishing interests around the continent. ‘If the British were our masters yesterday, the Chinese have taken their place.’
Likened to one race deciding to adopt a new home on another planet, Beijing has launched its so-called ‘One China In Africa’ policy because of crippling pressure on its own natural resources in a country where the population has almost trebled from 500 million to 1.3 billion in 50 years.
China is hungry – for land, food and energy. While accounting for a fifth of the world’s population, its oil consumption has risen 35-fold in the past decade and Africa is now providing a third of it; imports of steel, copper and aluminium have also shot up, with Beijing devouring 80 per cent of world supplies.
Fuelling its own boom at home, China is also desperate for new markets to sell goods. And Africa, with non-existent health and safety rules to protect against shoddy and dangerous goods, is the perfect destination.
The result of China’s demand for raw materials and its sales of products to Africa is that turnover in trade between Africa and China has risen from £5million annually a decade ago to £6billion today.
However, there is a lethal price to pay. There is a sinister aspect to this invasion. Chinese-made war planes roar through the African sky, bombing opponents. Chinese-made assault rifles and grenades are being used to fuel countless murderous civil wars, often over the materials the Chinese are desperate to buy.
Take, for example, Zimbabwe. Recently, a giant container ship from China was due to deliver its cargo of three million rounds of AK-47 ammunition, 3,000 rocket-propelled grenades and 1,500 mortars to President Robert Mugabe’s regime.
After an international outcry, the vessel, the An Yue Jiang, was forced to return to China, despite Beijing’s insistence that the arms consignment was a ‘normal commercial deal’.
Indeed, the 77-ton arms shipment would have been small beer – a fraction of China’s help to Mugabe. He already has high-tech, Chinese-built helicopter gunships and fighter jets to use against his people.
Ever since the U.S. and Britain imposed sanctions in 2003, Mugabe has courted the Chinese, offering mining concessions for arms and currency.Covid-19 Yayılımı Yaz Aylarında Azalıyor: Harvard Araştırması
Covid-19 yayılımı yaz döneminde daha düşük seviyede. Yeni çalışma, yaz aylarında Covid-19'un yayılma riskinin azaldığını gösteriyor.
Covid-19 yayılımı yaz döneminde daha düşük olabilir. Harvard Üniversitesi ve Çin Tıp Bilimleri Akademisi'ndeki ortak bir ekip tarafından yürütülen son çalışma, ekvatoral bölgelerde Koronavirüs yayılımının azaldığını gösteriyor. Bunun temel sebebi ise güneş ışığı olabilir.
Koronavirüs muhtemelen mevsimsel durumlardan etkilenen bir virüs, ancak yeni yapılan bir çalışma, yaz aylarında yayılma riskinin azaldığını gösteriyor.
ABD'deki Harvard Üniversitesi ve Pekin'deki Çin Tıp Bilimleri Akademisi'nden bir araştırma ekibi, dünya haritalarının görsel bir incelemesini yaptı. Koronavirüs hastalığının ekvatora daha yakın, ısı ve nemin yüksek olduğu ülkelerde daha az yayıldığını fark ettiler.
Scientific Reports dergisinde yayınlanan bulgular, ülkelerin yaz aylarında yeni Covid-19 vakalarında düşüş ve kış aylarında yeniden canlanma görme olasılığının yüksek olduğunu gösterdi.
Harvard Halk Sağlığı Okulu'ndan David E. Bloom'un da aralarında bulunduğu ekibin ortak açıklamasında, "Sonuçlarımız, ısı ve güneş ışığının SARS-CoV-2'nin yayılmasını azalttığı hipotezi ile tutarlıdır" ifadelerine yer verildi.
Ancak sonuçlar, hastalığın yaz aylarında ortadan kalkacağı veya ekvatora yakın ülkeleri etkilemeyeceği anlamına gelmiyor. Araştırmacılar, "Yaz aylarının daha yüksek sıcaklıkları ve daha yoğun UV radyasyonu, halk sağlığı önlemlerini SARS-CoV-2'yi içerecek şekilde alınmalıdır" dedi.
Covid-19 yayılımı yaz döneminde daha düşük
Ekip, pandeminin başlangıcından 9 Ocak 2021'e kadar 117 farklı ülkedeki Covid-19 kaynaklı vaka sayısı ile ülke enlemi arasındaki ilişkiyi inceledi. Bir ülkenin enlemindeki her bir derecelik artış için milyon kişi başına Covid-19 vakalarında yüzde 4,3 artış olduğu bulundu.
Sonuçlar, ekvatora 1.000 km'den yakın olan bir ülkenin milyon kişi başına yüzde 33 daha az vakaya sahip olabileceğini gösteriyor.
Ayrıca geçtiğimiz dönemde İngiliz Tabipler Birliği ve Yale Üniversitesi'nin henüz onaylanmayan yeni çalışması, yüksek irtifida yaşayan bireylerin COVID-19'dan ölme riskinin iki kat daha düşük olduğunu
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می گردد، گفت: فعالیت این سامانه بارشی سبب اختلال در تردد شهری، مه گرفتگی و لغزندگی جاده های کوهستانی می گردد. همچنین احتمال سیلابی شدن مسیل ها و بالا آمدن آب رودخانه ها وجود دارد.
مدیر کل پیش بینی و هشدار سریع سازمان هواشناسی تاکید نمود: با توجه به تعطیلات پیش رو و احتمال افزایش سفرها توصیه می گردد که مسافران و دستگاه های ذی ربط تهمیدات لازم برای جلوگیری از خسارت به عمل آوردند.منبع: همشهری آنلاینStage 1 of Pencil Grip Development
When your child first picks up a crayon they will hold it in the same way as they pick up a knife and fork, other than the crayon tip will be facing downwards.
Through the initial mark making process it is normal for their arm and elbow to stay rigid, with the crayon movement coming from the shoulder.
Stage 2 of Pencil Grip Development
With improved arm and hand control your child will start to hold the crayon in the palm of their hand, with their thumb securing it in their hand. Note that the thumb is now close to the tip and not the end of the crayon. The grasp is similar to that of using a knife and fork to cut food.
The increased arm strength allows the elbow to be slightly away from the body, providing greater flexibility.
Stage 3 of Pencil Grip Development
Your child will hold the pencil with all five fingers resulting in the wrist being off the table. The grip is similar to a darts player holding the dart with all five fingers.
Movement of the crayon now comes from the wrist but as the hand strength improves there will start to be some finger movement.
Stage 4 of Pencil Grip Development
Your child will usually start to use the three finger, or tripod grip, by the age of 6.
Initially the fingers will be held rigidly but, as your child improves their control of the finger muscles, the fingers will start to move the pencil.
Every child is different, developing the skills needed to hold a pencil at a different time to their peers.
There are developmental stages, that your child needs to go through, before they can successfully use a mature tripod grip. They need to work through each stage and as their hand, shoulder and arm strength and mobility increases so does the ability to move to the next developmental stage of the grip.
There are principles of development called “big to small” and “proximal to distal” – basically this means that children develop the larger muscles of the trunk and arms before the smaller muscles of the hands and that the proximal muscles closer to the body centre (shoulder muscles, upper arm muscles) develop before the distal muscles which are further away (hand muscles).
If a toddler is taught how to hold a pencil using the tripod grip before they are physically ready, they are inclined to develop a poor pencil grip which is difficult to change once they are older. These grips can make handwriting difficult and less fluid as well as making writing a very tiring task. It can also turn some children off colouring, drawing and handwriting as they are not pleasurable experiences.
A child may not develop a three finger tripod pencil grip until the age of 5/6. This is considered the most appropriate pencil grip, for right and left handed writers, as it allows the fingers and wrist to work together to provide a more free flowing movement.Qui puoi trovare un vasto assortimento di frasi di esempio per la parola era, o in altre parole frasi che possono aiutarti a imparare come usare era in una frase. Imparare a usare una parola in una frase può essere molto utile, ad esempio quando si tratta di imparare a usare la parola in una frase, in quale contesto la parola può essere usata così come per imparare il vero significato della parola "era".
Era in una frase
Di seguito troverai diverse frasi che illustrano come utilizzare la parola era in una frase.
L'età media era di 20 anni.
L'età media era di 41 anni.
L'età media era di 36 anni.
La giuria era composta da:.
Questo era senz'altro vero.
L'età media era di 32 anni.
L'età media era di 38 anni.
L'età media era di 31 anni.
L'età media era di 21 anni.
Il suo simbolo era il toro.
La corrispondenza tra le divinità non era perfetta.
Il reddito pro capite per la città era di $ 12.808.
Secondo la tradizione Daria era moglie di Nicandro.
Arthur Wellesley, I duca di Wellington era suo zio.
Capoluogo del comitato era la città di Szombathely.
Mentre era alla FGU, ha giocato 66 partite, segnato 6 reti e realizzato 4 assist.
La densità di popolazione era di 1,452.0 persone per miglio quadrato (561.3/km²).
Appiano aggiunge che Lucullo in una circostanza, si era accampato su una collina.
Il mezzo era dotato di due sistemi di freno, differenti a seconda della variante.
Al momento dell'indipendenza, il Botswana era uno dei più poveri Paesi del mondo.
Già il 4 maggio aveva scoperto che il vaiolo che lo affliggeva era arrivato a un punto inarrestabile.
Panzerkorps era rimasto con meno di cento carri armati a disposizione: quarantuno nei ranghi della 6.
Influenzata dalla luce viola dell'amore, era sulla via del perdono verso la sua nemesi: John Stewart.
La versione ufficiale fu che Ottaviano era stato esortato a fuggire in un sogno avuto dal suo medico.
Il cannone era l'evoluzione del modello SMP 3 che era stato imbarcato sulle corvette classe Albatros.
Nel corso del torneo si era imposta su Lucie Šafářová per 6-7 6-4 6-4 e Milagros Sequera per 7-6 6-0.
Fu introdotto da Linneo nel 1735 ma sicuramente tale denominazione era conosciuta fin dall'antichità.
Fra il 1914 e il 1956 la città era servita da una fermata della tranvia Milano-Corsico-Abbiategrasso.
In Occidente l'Imperatore bizantino era definito il rex graecorum (re dei Greci) e non un imperatore.
Fino al secolo XIX, la regione dell'attuale Nova Friburgo era occupata dagli indigeni coroados puris.
La serie originale infatti era stata caricata su Netflix nel 2016 e godeva ancora di ottimi consensi.
Entro la primavera del 1864, il governo confederato nella contea era stato effettivamente rovesciato.
Sua madre era la granduchessa Elena Vladimirovna di Russia, nipote dello zar Alessandro II di Russia.
Punto vulnerabile di Medina era l'angolo nord-est prospiciente la harra (la cosiddetta Harra Wāqim ).
Già per la Fleetwood Brougham, un tettuccio in vinile era considerato un segno distintivo e lussuoso.
La formazione tipo era: Bodoira, Piacentini, Ferrini, Gallea, Ellena, Grezar, Menti, Loik, Gabetto, Mazzola, Ferraris II.
Melanippo (in greco antico Μελάνιππος) o Menalippo era un personaggio della mitologia greca, un tebano, figlio di Astaco.
Tra questi documenti vi era anche il "Minimal Key Lengths for Symmetric Ciphers to Provide Adequate Commercial Security".
Lanciato nel 2005, Logo era originariamente dedicato a programmi di intrattenimento e lifestyle rivolti al pubblico LGBT.
Negli ultimi anni della Repubblica l'attività del teatro languiva, e la qualità degli spettacoli era per lo più scadente.
William, benché ferito, riesce così a compiere la pericolosa missione oltre le linee nemiche che gli era stata assegnata.
Il club era anche noto come Yüksekçıta Koleji prima che nel 2018 fosse rinominato Merkezefendi Belediyesi Denizli Basket.
Nella storia, il prodiere era un marinaio che, assieme ad altri suoi compagni, gestivano interamente le prue delle galee.
Nelle prime sette edizioni la gara era riservata ai dilettanti, mentre a partire dal 1975 venne aperta ai professionisti.
Stenopterygius era un ittiosauro di media taglia che poteva crescere fino ad una lunghezza massima di 4 metri (13 piedi).
Il crollo fu causato dal fatto che la struttura era stata costruita senza permesso nei piani superiori, oltre che progettata per ospitare negozi e uffici, e non fabbriche.
Nel 1986-87 era in Vaticano per realizzare il ritratto di SS Papa Giovanni Paolo II appartenente alle collezioni del Vaticano e conservato nel Palazzo San Callisto a Roma.
L'Imperatrice, che si era nascosta in letargo ai margini dell'universo, si svegliò e usò la società Torchwood per ottenere l'equipaggiamento per creare particelle di huon.
La posizione era stata creata dalla fusione di due cariche: quella di segretario di Stato per le relazioni del Commonwealth e quella di segretario di Stato per le Colonie.
Altri ufficiali erano i komes (capitani) e gli ilarches (tenenti), gli hekatontarches (comandanti di plotone, che fino alla metà del VII secolo era denominato centurione).
Informazioni generali sulle frasi di esempio "era"
Le frasi di esempio per la parola era che presentiamo su questo sito web, derivano da diverse fonti ufficiali. Ad esempio, una delle nostre fonti sono articoli su Wikipedia classificati come almeno articoli Buoni. Ma usiamo anche articoli di notizie, libri e altri testi generici per raccogliere frasi di esempio su come la parola "era" può essere usata in una frase. A destra di ogni frase troverai una freccia di collegamento che ti rimanda alla fonte della frase, dove puoi accedere al testo completo e al contesto per la frase di esempio presentata. Questo può essere utile perché alcune parole a volte possono essere difficili da capire con solo una frase per il contesto, mentre l'articolo o il testo completo può aiutarti a capire come usare la parola "era".زمانی که خبر درگذشت ایمی واینهاوس منتشر شد، یکی از کاربران سایت یوتیوب زیر ویدئویی از یکی از اجراهای زنده این خواننده نوشت: «خدا رحمتت کند ایمی، حالا که رفتی آن دنیا، کرت کوبین با ده کیلو کراک به استقبالت خواهد آمد.»
از راست: ایمی واینهاوس، کرت کوبین، جیمی هندریکس، برایان جونز، جنیس جاپلین، جیم موریسون
خیلیاز طرفداران ایمی واینهاوس این روزها دوست دارند خوانندهی محبوبشان را که به گفتهی پلیس هنوز علت مرگش "نامعلوم" است، در حالی تصور کنند که در آن دنیا در محفلی دوستانه با نامهای مشهوری همچون کرت کوبین (خواننده و بنیانگذار گروه نیروانا)، جیمی هندریکس (خواننده و گیتاریست برجسته آمریکایی)، برایان جونز (گیتاریست و از پایهگذاران گروه رولینگ استونز)، جیم موریسون (خواننده گروه Doors) و جنیس جاپلین (اسطوره راک) در گوشهای دنج همنشین شده است.
بالای سر آنها تابلویی بزرگ به چشم میخورد که روی آن نوشته شده: "کلوب ۲۷".
اعضای این کلوب که ایمی واینهاوس به تازگی به آنها پیوسته همگی در سن ۲۷ سالگی درگذشتند. کرت کوبین خودکشی کرد، جیمی هندریکس در پی مصرف زیاد مشروبات الکلی و تداخل تأثیر آن با قرصهای خوابآور جان باخت، جنیس جاپلین به دلیل تزریق زیاد از حد هروئین مرد، جیم موریسون و برایان جونز نیز بر حسب اتفاق در روز ۳ ژوئیه جان باختند. جسد جونز در سال ۱۹۶۹ در استخر خانهپیدا شد و دو سال بعد در همان روز موریسون به دلیل آنچه "ایست قلبی" نامیده شد، درگذشت. جسد وی هیچگاه کالبد شکافی نشد.
البته کلوب ۲۷ به جز این شش نام شناخته شده، اعضای دیگری هم دارد که همگی آنها در دنیای موسیقی فعالیت داشتهاند و در همین سن مردهاند.
نگاهی به این فهرست، نشان میدهد که "دلایل رسمی" مرگ آنها گستره متنوعی دارد: مرگ به دلیل تصادف اتومبیل، میزان بالای استفاده از مواد مخدر، قتل، مسمومیت ناشی از استنشاق مونوکسید کربن خارج شده از یک بخاری خراب، سقوط از اسب، سقوط هواپیما، خودکشی یا نارسایی کلیه.
و به این اضافه کنید، دراز کشیدن در عقب یک وانت و سپس انحراف ماشین از جاده، افتادن به پایین شکسته شدن گردن و در نهایت مرگ در سن ۲۷ سالگی.
"کلوب لعنتی"
کلوب ۲۷ پس از مرگ جیمی هندریکس، جنیس جاپلین و جیم موریسون شکل گرفت چرا که دو نفر اول در یک سال (۱۹۷۰) و نفر آخر یک سال بعد جان باختند. در آن زمان کرت کوبین خواننده مشهور گروه نیروانا کودکی بیش نبود.
زمانی که کوبین با اعتیاد دست و پنجه نرم میکرد و انگار شهرت فراگیری که برایش دوخته بودند قوارهی تنش نمیشد، مادرش به او هشدار داده بود: «به آن کلوب لعنتی نپیوند!»
البته خواهر کوبین یک بار گفته بود، کرت در زمان جوانی از تمایلش برای وارد شدن به کلوب ۲۷ حرف زده بود. هرچند هیچوقت نمیتوان به قطعیت گفت که کوبین در زمان کشیدن ماشه اسلحهای که زیر چانهاش گذاشت، بیشتر به پیوستن به کلوب ۲۷ میاندیشیده یا آنکه به خیال خودش عاقبت راه آرامش ابدی را یافته بوده است.
جادوی کلوب ۲۷
در بحبوحهی پیامهای تسلیت و آمرزشهایی که از همه طرف روانهی روح ایمی واینهاوس میشد، برخی میگفتند که شاید این خواننده جوان با استعداد که تنها پناه زندگیاش مواد مخدر و الکل بود، تعمدا مرگ در این سن را انتخاب کرده است. پکس پرنتیس، مدیر یک مرکز توانبخشی در آمریکا بر این باور است که ایمی واینهاوس هنوز آمادگی حضور روی صحنه و اساسا حضور میان مردم را نداشت.
ویدئوهایی که از واینهاوس در اجرای تور کنسرتهایش در شهر بلگراد ضبط شده، خوانندهای شکننده را نشان میدهند که به زحمت سعی در به خاطر آوردن متن ترانهاش دارد. پکس پرنتیس که خود نیز در زندگی تجربهی اعتیاد به مواد مخدر را داشته، در گفتگویی دیگر میگوید که ایمی واینهاوس در "جادهای تاریک قدم بر میداشت و شاید این ایده به ذهنش راه یافته که جزیی از این گروه (کلوب ۲۷) شود."
تئوریهای زیادی در باب جادوی کلوب ۲۷ وجود دارد. برخی میکوشند آن را از لحاظ علمی توجیه کنند و برخی دیگر از لحاظ روانشناختی. عدهای نیز بر شعار موسیقی راک انگشت میگذارند که میگوید: «سریع زندگی کن، به شدت عشق بورز و جوان بمیر.»
کلوب ۲۷ شاید در آینده همچنان فعالانه عضوگیری کند و یا به داشتن همین تعداد عضو رضایت دهد. در این میان میمانند طرفدارانی اندوهگین در غم از دست دادن ستارگانی جوانمرگ که اساسا محفل خودمانی همسالانشان را به بودن در این دنیا ترجیح دادهاند.
سمیرا نیک آیین
تحریریه: مهیندخت مصباحRed-headed Woodpecker: Medium-sized woodpecker with black upperparts and tail, and white underparts and rump. The head, throat, and upper breast are dark red. Wings are black with large white patches. Bill, legs and feet are black. This is the only woodpecker in the east with a completely red head.
Range and Habitat
Red-headed Woodpecker: Breeds from Saskatchewan, Manitoba, and Quebec south to Florida and the Gulf Coast; scarce in northeastern states. Spends winters in southern part of breeding range.
The Red-headed Woodpecker has a large range, inhabiting much of the eastern half of the United States. Native to the United States and Canada, this bird prefers temperate, subtropical, or tropical forest and grassland ecosystems as well as savannas and even rural and urban areas. The global population of this bird is not specifically quantified but shows significant and rapid signs of decline that necessitate inclusion on the IUCN Red List. For this reason, the current evaluation status of the Red-headed Woodpecker is Near Threatened.
The Red-headed Woodpecker forages for food rather than excavate holes to find insects.
It is the only woodpecker that covers its cache of food with bark or wood. Grasshoppers are stored alive, wedged so tightly in a crevice escape is impossible.
This bird was featured on a United States Postal Service 2-cent stamp in 1996.
A group of woodpeckers has many collective nouns, including a "descent", "drumming", and "gatling" of woodpeckers.Download a printable practice sheet for the following numbers exercises. You may also use this sheet with tracing paper to trace these letters.
Download a blank printable practice sheet.
The German number 1 almost always has a diagonal stroke coming out of the top left of the main stem. This diagonal stroke may extend as far as the midline or even the baseline.
(Click on the letter to animate it.)
The 2 starts with a downward loop that extends diagonally to the left until the baseline, and then culminates in a curved upward and downward loop in the shape of a horizontal s.
This number, like the letter z, is formed by two loops, one on top of the other. There might be a small loop in the middle where the two big loops connect. To differentiate it from a 5, look for the top loop which always curves to the left.
The German number 4 is formed by an L-shaped stroke over the midline intersecting a main vertical stem. Sometimes the L-shaped stroke goes under the midline and may even almost touch the baseline.
Starting at the top with a backward loop, the 5 extends up to the midline in a straight line and then loops upward and forward until it touches the
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' diye bir ses geldi. Ne olduğunu anlamadım. Ben kız kardeşimin yanından öne gitmişim. Herkes o anda bağırıyordu. Sonra ben kız kardeşimin çocuğunu aldım. Onu hemen arabadan adamların kucağına attım. Sonara bana 'atla atla' dediler. Ben korktum atlayamadım. Sonra bir duman geldi, beni boğdu. Sonra da atladım. Nasıl oldu bilmiyorum. Camlar kırıktı. Kırık olmasaydı kurtulma imkânımız yoktu. Gece otobüs mola verdi. Moladan yarım saat sonra benzinlikte durdu. Benzinlikten benzin alırken arıza yaptı. Daha sonra çalıştırdılar. Sonra biraz yürüdü, yarım saat sonra bir daha arıza yaptı. Sonra devam ettik. Arası yarım saat sürmedi sonra olay yaşandı."
Yaralı Kerime Turan ise kaza anında uyuduğunu, camdan atlayarak kurtulduğunu söyledi.Il Gogmazios è un gigantesco drago anziano con una struttura corporea simile a quella di Gore Magala e Shagaru Magala, ma con delle zampe alari molto più grandi. La testa è enorme, con occhi rossi e con la bocca irta di denti aguzzi. Quando il petto e la bocca si riscaldano, un motivo arancione simile a un volto imbronciato appare sotto il mento, dando l'impressione che abbia due facce. Le zampe alari hanno delle membrane sempre completamente ritratte quando non utilizzate, mentre il corpo è ricoperto da spesse scaglie e un carapace indaco scuro. È sempre ricoperto da una densa e appiccicosa sostanza simile a carbone che usa per immobilizzare le prede; sul suo dorso è inoltre incastrato un antico ammazzadraghi.
Abilità[]
Nonostante le dimensioni, è capace di volare grazie alle potentissime ali e allo scheletro leggero. Può sparare un raggio di olio fuso contro i nemici e usare le proprie dimensioni per schiacciarli.
Comportamento[]
In modo simile al Teostra, la sua dieta è composta da polvere da sparo. Si ciba di questo materiale in grandi quantità ed è noto per attaccare armerie e magazzini, come quelli di Dundorma, per rubarne. È molto aggressivo e tenta di distruggere chiunque gli si opponga.
Habitat[]
Il suo habitat naturale non è conosciuto, ma la Gilda ha teorizzato che provenga dalla palude o dalla palude antica. La sua aggressività lo ha spesso portato ad attaccare la bastia di Dundorma.
Apparizioni[]
Apparizioni in ordine cronologico
Prima apparizione occidentale / Apparizione europea
Ricoperto da uno spesso strato di liquido colloso, questo enorme drago anziano porta in dorso un Ammazzadraghi che non sembra recargli il minimo disturbo. Varie testimonianze suggeriscono che, a dispetto della sua mole, questo colosso sia in grado di volare.
Threat Level (危険度): ★★★★★★
Colonna sonora[]
Il Gogmazios possiede una colonna sonora propria, composta da due temi.
È possibile cavalcarlo sia sul dorso che sull'addome.
Se è sulle quattro zampe quando lo si cavalca, si cavalcherà il dorso. Se è in piedi, si cavalcherà l'addome.
Il corno, gli artigli sulle ali, il torace e il dorso possono essere feriti; la coda può essere prima ferita e poi mozzata.
Il dorso può essere rotto due volte e, quando ciò accade, l'ammazzadraghi lì conficcato cade e può essere usato contro di lui.
Le sue codate non infliggono più il malus da fuoco se essa viene mozzata.
Il suo ruggito richiede Tappi orecchie+ per essere annullato.
Il suo nome proviene da Gog e Magog. Il nome giapponese (Gogumajosu), invece, deriva dall'unione delle parole Geo (Terra in greco) ed Erojon (Erosione in francese).
Monster Hunter 4 Ultimate[]
Quando gli si infliggono abbastanza danni, il tema cambia e il dorso inizia a emettere fumo. Spalanca quindi le ali e spicca il volo, iniziando a sparare il raggio per tutta l'area. È possibile fermarlo con il demolitore o con un bloccante unico, mentre per schivarlo è consigliato fuggire con un lancialontano.
Se viene però fatto vacillare appena prima che ruggisca, l'animazione verrà cancellata e il mostro resterà nella sua prima fase per tutta la durata della missione.
Categorie
I contenuti della comunità sono disponibili sotto la licenza CC-BY-SA a meno che non sia diversamente specificato.İdrarla gebelik testi
Tüm hamile kadınların başvurduğu en pratik test usülü, tüm eczanelerden temin edilebilecek, idrarla yapılan hamilelik testleridir.
- Eczanelerden kolayca temin edilebilen ucuz ve basit bir yöntemdir.
- hCG ismi verilen gebelik hormonunun idrarda tespiti prensibine dayanır.
- hCG düzeyi 20miÜ üzerinde ise pozitif sonuç verir.
- Cinsel birleşmenin ertesi günü yapılması anlamsızdır, hiçbir sonuç vermez.
- Sağlıklı bir sonuç alınması için adet gününün 1-2 gün geçmesi gerekmektedir.
- Kanda yapılan B-HCG testi miktarı tam gösterdiğinden dolayı çok duyarlıdır ve adet günü daha geçmeden sonuç verir.
- Sabah ilk idrar konsantre olduğu için daha sağlıklı sonuç verir.
- Gebelik testini aç veya tok yapmanız fark etmez.
- İdrar testinin yanlış negatif çıkma ihtimali az da olsa mümkün olduğundan dolayı adet gününüzden 1-2 gün sonra yaptığınız test Negatif yani Yok çıkar ise 2-3 gün sonra tekrar edin.
İdrar testinde ;
- Tek çizgi çıkar ise negatif,
- Çift çizgi çıkar ise pozitif,
- İkinci çizgi silik ise şüpheli olarak değerlendirilir. (2-3 gün sonra tekrar et)
- Hatalı negatif test çok erken yapıldığında veya kullanılan testin bozuk veya günü geçtiği durumlarda görülebilir.
- Hatalı pozitif test bazı ilaçların kullanımında veya kimyasal gebelik durumunda ortaya çıkar.Çok nadir görülür.
- Gebelik testinde en küçük bir şüpheniz olduğunda mutlaka doktorunuza başvurun.بررسی وضعیت مصرف انرژی در ایران و پیش بینی آینده
گروه «انرژی» اندیشکده اقتصاد مقاومتی، پژوهشی با عنوان «بررسی وضعیت مصرف انرژی در ایران و پیش بینی آینده» انجام داده است.
فایل این پژوهش، نسخه نهایی نبوده و جهت اطلاع رسانی به کارشناسان و سیاست پژوهان، خلاصه مدیریتی و فهرست آن بارگذاری شده است. در صورت تمایل به دریافت نسخه کامل پژوهش، با اندیشکده تماس حاصل فرمایید.Important Economic Indicators for the euro
Gross Domestic Product – Gross domestic product is the central measure of economic growth in the region. Since Germany is the largest economy in the eurozone, its GDP tends to move the euro the most.
Employment Change – The euro is also sensitive to changes in employment, particularly in the euro zone’s largest economies like Germany and France.
German Industrial Production – This measures the change in the volume of output from Germany’s manufacturing, mining, and quarrying industries. Because of this, it reflects the short-term strength of German industrial activity.
German IFO Business Climate Survey – This is one of the country’s key business surveys. Conducted monthly, this takes into account the current business situation of Germany as well as expectations for future conditions. Budget Deficits – Recall that one of the criteria in the Maastricht Treaty requires that eurozone economies keep their debt-to-GDP ratio below 60% and their deficit less than 3% of their annual GDP. Failure to achieve these targets could result in fiscal instability in the eurozone.
Consumer Price Index – Since one of the goals of the ECB is to maintain price stability, they keep an eye on inflation indicators such as the CPI. If the annual CPI deviates from the central bank target, the ECB could make use of its monetary policy tools to keep inflation in check.
What Moves the EUR
Eurozone Fundamentals Reports of strong economic performance by the eurozone as a whole, or by its member nations, can boost the euro higher. For instance, better-than-expected GDP reports from Germany or France could encourage traders to be bullish on the euro.
Uncle Sam’s Groovy Moves Sudden changes in market sentiment, buoyed mostly by U.S. economic data, tend to have a huge impact on EUR/USD. Being considered the anti-dollar, the euro is also swayed by talks of reserve diversification away from the U.S. dollar. Euro as the new reserve currency, anyone?
Differences in Rates of Return The bond spread between 10-year U.S. government bonds and 10-year Bunds (German bonds) usually indicate the direction of EUR/USD. If the difference between the yields of the U.S. bonds and Bunds widens, EUR/USD moves in favor of the currency with the higher yield.
Similar to bond yields, interest rate differentials also serve as an excellent indicator of the EUR/USD movement. For instance, traders usually compare the Euribor futures rate with the Eurodollar futures rate.Posted on Jul 13, 2015 by Travis Jones
Over the past couple of years vaccinations have been a hot topic all around the world. Some parents may believe that they lead to unwanted and serious side effects, such as autism, in some children. However, the international medical community has largely and resolutely defended vaccines as not only a good way to prevent disease, but necessary to prevent wide spread outbreaks of potentially fatal diseases.
Singapore has access to some of the finest quality medical facilities and doctors the world has to offer, and vaccines are no exception. Just what are the guidelines for vaccinations in the city, though? Where can you go to receive them, and how much might you have to pay? Pacific Prime Singapore delves into the topic here.
To put it plainly, vaccines work by introducing a weakened form of a disease to the body. The body’s own immune system is then able to destroy the weakened pathogen, and essentially learns and remembers how to destroy it if it is reintroduced to the body; even in a non-weakened state. Ever since Edward Jenner’s successful creation of a Smallpox vaccine in the late 18th century, scientists and doctors have been able to use this process of utilizing the body’s own defense systems to prevent infections and save countless lives.
There are a number of diseases that we now have well established vaccines for, including:
- Measles, Mumps and Rubella
- Hepatitis A and B
The above list is of common vaccines that people are likely to receive either as infants, or later on in life. Of course, new vaccines are being developed all the time. There was even recent news of an HIV vaccine that is nearing a human trial.
Beyond these common vaccines for people who lived in a place as developed as Singapore, there are additional vaccines that are recommended for those who will be travelling, especially in lesser developed nations. Vaccines for Typhoid, Yellow Fever, Malaria, Japanese Encephalitis or Rabies may be recommended for you depending on where you plan on travelling. The government of Singapore will actually require people travelling into it from countries at risk for Yellow Fever to have proof of vaccination for the disease before they will be allowed entry, which includes many countries in Africa and Central & South America.
Getting vaccinated in Singapore
For Singapore residents aged 18 and younger, there is a National Immunization Registry (NIR) that keeps track of which immunizations each resident has. By law, it is required that every Singapore resident be immunized against both Measles and Diphtheria. The recommended ages for receiving the first doses of these vaccines are 3 months and 12 months respectively. The whole array of other available vaccines can be administered at parents’ or individuals’ discretion, but a quick discussion on the subject with a family doctor will undoubtedly lead to a recommendation of most being obtained at the ages prescribed by the Singapore Government’s Health Promotion Board.
Fortunately, getting yourself or your children vaccinated in Singapore is easy, as most hospitals and clinics will be happy to administer them. For children in particular, KK Women’s and Children’s Hospital would be a good place to start. Beyond being able to administer vaccines, they have the experience with children to put yours at ease during what can be an intimidating and downright scary process for some.
For adults, simply talk to your family doctor or general practitioner, who will likely be able to take care of vaccinations at their office, or recommend someone they trust to do so. Don’t have a family doctor or GP? Ask friends and family in Singapore to see if they have any trusted doctors that they would recommend, or contact the Ministry of Health for information on qualified medical professionals near you. Additionally, if you are in a hurry to get vaccinated before a trip, the Travel Clinic at Singapore General Hospital may be a good option for you, as they take walk-in appointments and will have a stock of the vaccines you may need.
Are you covered?
For Singaporean nationals, up to S$400 per year can be used, after a 15% co-payment, from an individual’s Medisave account for approved vaccinations. With access to the public health system, covering the costs of vaccinations should not be an issue.
Expatriates in Singapore, however, do not have access to the city-state’s public healthcare system, and will find that vaccinations at private healthcare facilities can be twice as expensive as in the public counterparts. The prices for some vaccinations, such as Influenza, can be as low as $35, but others can be more expensive. (HPV vaccines can cost up to $150 and Shingles can cost up to $400.
This, combined with the risk of more serious and costly medical conditions developing, is a good reason to possess and make use of an international private medical insurance plan, like those available through Pacific Prime Singapore. With comprehensive health insurance coverage, there’s no need to worry about the cost of preventing or treating diseases for your family. Contact our helpful experts today and they can work with you to find a custom tailored insurance plan that perfectly fits your needs, as well as provide you with a free quote.Hepimiz çocuklarımızın güneş koruyucu olmadan güneşte oturmasına izin vermemenin ne kadar önemli olduğunu biliyoruz. Ancak seçtiğimiz losyon türü de önemlidir, böylece çocukların hassas cildi için etkilidir.
En ucuz kremi aramak veya daha pahalı bir ürün aramak iyi mi? Bir annenin çocuğu için ideal güneş korumasını sorduğu sorulardan sadece biridir.
burada Güneş Koruyucu Losyon Satın Almadan Önce Bilmeniz Gereken 6 Şey!
Güneş koruma faktörü
Güneş koruma faktörü (SPF), güneş koruma ürününün etiketinde ilk aradığımız şeydir.
SPF 15 ila 50+ arasındadır, en yüksek değerler güneş radyasyonuna karşı en iyi korumayı sağlayan değerlerdir. Küçüklerin güneş yanığına karşı en iyi korunmaya sahip olması için SPF 30 veya 50 + 'ya sahip losyonlar en uygun olanıdır.
UVA ve UVB ışınları: fark nedir?
Dikkate almamız gereken bir diğer husus, losyonun hem ultraviyole tip B (UVB) ışınlarına, hem güneş yanığı görünümünden hem de cilde derinlemesine nüfuz eden A tipi (UVA) ışınlarına karşı koruma sağlayıp sağlamadığıdır. erken yaşlanmaya yol açar.
Losyon bu çift korumayı sunuyorsa, küçük olanlar için güvenlidir, çünkü geniş spektrumlu bir korumadır.
Suya dayanıklılık
Çoğu çocuk sallanmayı sever, bu nedenle koruyucu faktörü seçerken bu dikkate alınmalıdır. Suya dayanıklı bir losyon seçin, böylece koruma sunduğundan ve küçük olanın serbest kaldığından emin olun. Bununla birlikte, losyonun bebek sudan çıktıktan sonra tekrar uygulanması gerektiğini unutmayın.
Herhangi bir ebeveyn ayrıca her iki saatte bir cilde güneş koruyucu uygulanması gerektiğini bilmelidir.
Paraben yok
Çocukların cildi güneşe maruz kaldıklarında daha hassas hale gelebilir, sadece güneş yanığına değil, aynı zamanda alerjilere de daha yatkın olabilir. Hipoalerjenik güneş kremi bebekler ve çocuklar için idealdir. Losyonda bulunan tüm malzemeleri dikkatlice okuyun ve bileşiminin, çocukların cildi için tehlikeli olan parabenler veya diğer kimyasallar içermediğinden emin olun. Malzemeler ne kadar doğal olursa, bebek alerjilere veya dermatite o kadar az maruz kalır.
Kokular bile güneş koruyucu maddeler listesinde bulunmamalıdır, çünkü alerjik cilt reaksiyonunu tetikleyebilirler.
Titanyum dioksit ve çinko oksit
Koruyucu losyonun etiketine bakarken, bileşene dahil edilmesi gereken bileşenler arasında titanyum dioksit ve çinko oksit olduğunu unutmayın. Küçüklerin cildinin iyi korunmasını sağlayan iki madde vardır, cildin yüzeyinde aktif kalırlar.
Son kullanma tarihi
Son kullanma tarihi geçmiş ambalaj üzerinde bir ürün satın almayın. Birçok güneş koruyucu krem ve losyonun raf ömrü 12-24 aydır, ancak ambalajda açıkça belirtilmelidir.
Güneş kremi sürdüğü andan itibaren kullanılmamalıdır, çünkü koruyucu etkisi olmayacaktır. Aynı zamanda, kabın doğrudan güneş ışığında değil serin yerlerde tutulduğundan emin olmalısınız.
Fiyat gelince, her zaman çok pahalı değil kalite garantisi anlamına gelir. Bu nedenle, kremin maliyeti ne olursa olsun, etikette, malzemeler, koruma derecesi ve aynı zamanda geçerlilik süresi hakkında bilmeniz gereken her şeyi bulduğunuzdan emin olmalısınız.
Ebeveynler, bir güneş koruyucu kullanmanın, radyasyon tehlikesi en yüksek olduğunda, küçüklerin güneşte 11:00 ile 16:00 arasında durabileceği anlamına gelmediğini akılda tutmalıdır. Küçük olanlar da başlarını örtmek için bir şapka giymeli ve yaz giysileri, cildin nefes almasına izin veren kaliteli malzemelerden hafif olmalıdır.
Etiketler Çocuklar için güneşten korunma G
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形成了。但难以令人置信的是，他如此年轻就变得那么坚强、自信。除非他曾在那对于一个倒霉透顶的中国青年缺少同情，甚至不给予支持的陌生世界里，靠他自己的智慧度过了艰难的学校生活，否则他就不会在如此年轻时就具备了这样坚定与自信的个性。从两张照片我们可以看出他的性格变化：第一张是他和邓绍圣在一家照相馆拍的，可能是他们在巴耶中学的时候。照片上的这个男孩身着压皱了的西装，姿态拘谨，面无表情（《邓小平画册》第57页）；第二张，即贴在雷诺广档案卡上的那张、展现的是一位面带坚毅的神情，目光炯炯，嘴角微微上翘的年轻人（弗朗兹：《邓小平》第56页）。他依然身着西装，但风度翩翩。二三十年以后，人们仍然可以辨认出，他就是邓小平。 "——伊文思：《邓小平传》第二章
当读书读到这一段时，我总是从心里生出一股钦佩之情，人总难免碰到各种困难、各种看似不可逾越的障碍，而老一辈的革命家们能经受住磨砺，变得越来越坚强、自信，是我们这些学子成长道路上最好的榜样。
当我和在巴黎法语学校的老师聊天时，谈到邓小平同志，她立刻说，知道，知道，很强大的一个人。她还知道是邓小平同志带领中国走向了改革开放的强大之路。她最早从历史教材中知道的邓小平同志，但她并不知道邓小平同志曾经在巴黎生活和工作过。
邓小平同志经赵世炎和周恩来同志的介绍下于1922年加入了旅欧中国少年共产党。参加政治工作后不久，邓小平同志被安排负责在蜡板上刻写旅欧支部半月刊《赤光》，并且负责油印工作。而他负责刻蜡板的地方就在共青团支部——周恩来同志在巴黎Godefroy街17号（房子现在的门牌号是15号）一家廉价旅馆的的卧室内，这家旅馆位于巴黎南部Italie广场附近。在1997年，来自北京的李先生买下了这家旅馆，经营至今。
周四下午，我走访了这家旅馆。现在，几经变迁，旅馆外观已经发生了很大变化，但基本格局一直没变，仍然对外经营。旅馆外墙上还有周恩来同志的铜像，是1979年邓颖超同志访法时，为了纪念中法建交15周年，在当时的法国总统陪同下参观了这家旅馆，并由法国政府出资修建了铜像，作为中法友谊的见证保留了下来。
李先生向我介绍了周恩来和邓小平同志当年在这里的大致生活和工作情况。周恩来同志曾经居住过的房间很小，只有5平米，作为共青团支部的办公室而言很小，他们开会总得到附近大的餐馆中进行，不过当年邓小平同志就是在这里刻写《赤光》的。他们当时的生活很艰苦，但是工作充满了激情，远大的理想赋予他们直面种种艰辛、危险的勇气。他还告诉我，法国呆了十多年，就他了解，普通法国人知道邓小平和周恩来同志的很多，但还知道邓小平和周恩来同志在法国学习和工作过的人就不多了，这是一件挺可惜的事，正是在法国，邓小平同志成长为一名共产党员。我在这一个月中，和法国人及其他外国学生的交往也证实了这一点。不过通过最近两年的中法——法中文化年，中法人民的相互了解和友谊正在日益加深，这种情况正在向好的方向发展。
让我感到遗憾的是，李先生也没有什么好的文件资料能提供。幸好，下周二，大使馆教育处将会有一个《20年代中国留法勤工俭学运动图片展》，将有上百幅照片展出。
8月24日早上，我来到了位于13区的中国驻法大使馆教育处，戴秘书接待并和我一起参观了位于一楼展厅的《中国留法勤工俭学运动展览》。
1915年，李石曾在法国成立“留法勤工俭学会”，吸引中国的年轻学子来法国勤工俭学。从1915到1920年，前后有1700多人在李石曾先生发起的“法华教育会”的帮助下，从中国来到法国，勤工俭学。留学生们从上海坐船，经香港，过西贡，绕新加坡，跨印度洋，穿红海、地中海，最后从马赛上船，转铁路到巴黎，行程上万里，历时一个半月。周恩来同志曾这样描述当时的情景：“出国去，走东海、南海、红海、地中海，一处处的浪卷涛涌、奔腾浩瀚，送你到那自由故乡的法兰西海岸。……”这个活动在当时声势浩大，对后世也影响甚大。尽管这个活动本身，李石曾先生也仅保留了5年的兴趣，但是通过这个活动，培养了一批人才，对中国上个世纪的历史走向产生了相当作用。
图片展出了大量珍贵的文献，包括向警予、王若飞、周恩来、陈毅、李维汉、李立三、李富春和邓小平等同志，当年他们在法国的照片、文书都有展出。在上一篇文字中提到的邓小平同志1921年在巴耶中学的照片也有展出。另外，陈毅同志在海外写的家书和小平同志当年的工厂证件都是极宝贵的史料。1979年，邓颖超同志访法，在法国总统的陪同下参观周恩来同志故居，人山人海的场面也是值得珍藏、证明中法友谊的宝贵资料。参观完展览后，戴秘书告诉我，现在所收藏的大部分资料都包含在图片展中；此外有组织正在筹划以故居为主题，做一条参观当年旧址的线路，值得期待。
（编辑 魏磊）ERCOLANO (NA) - Il pm presso la Procura della Repubblica di Napoli, Raffaello Falcone, ha chiesto al gip l'archiviazione per il gioielliere che il 7 ottobre del 2015 estrasse la sua calibro nove, legalmente detenuta, uccidendo sul colpo due pregiudicati armati di pistola, poi rivelatasi caricata a salve, che gli intimarono di consegnare i 5mila euro in contanti appena prelevati dalla filiale del Banco di Napoli ad Ercolano, in provincia di Napoli.
Alcune settimane dopo l'episodio, quattro persone furono catturate dai carabinieri perché accusate, a vario titolo, di concorso in rapina.
Oggi il pm si è espresso ritenendo legittimo l'uso dell'arma fatto dall'uomo, per il quale era stato aperto un procedimento per omicidio colposo per eccesso di legittima difesa. Una delle parti offese ha però presentato opposizione al gip circa la richiesta di archiviazione.A wondrous force and might
Doth in these candels lie… — Barnaby Gouge: The Popish Kingdome
In keeping with the policy of the Catholic Church to subsume pagan festivals into Christian feast-days, the Day of Bride became equated with Candlemas on February 2nd, the feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary. At this time, forty days after childbirth, Mary was supposed to have gone to the Temple at Jerusalem to make the traditional offering to purify herself. As she entered the temple, an old man named Simeon recognized the baby as the Messiah of Israel, and a “light to lighten the Gentiles.” So, once again we encounter the archetype of the young Sun or Light come to redeem the darkness, but now in Christian clothing. Certainly, the service most used for this day in the medieval church made much of this symbolism, playing upon images of the appearance of divine light in the darkness of human sin, of renewal and rebirth of light in the dark time of the year, and of the new light of heaven come to transform an old world.
In Britain, Candlemas was celebrated with a festival of lights. In the dark and gloomy days of February, the shadowy recesses of medieval churches twinkled brightly as each member of the congregation carried a lighted candle in procession around the church, to be blessed by the priest. Afterwards, the candles were brought home to be used to keep away storms, demons and other evils. This custom lasted in England until it was banned in the Reformation for promoting the veneration of magical objects. Even so, the symbol of the lighted candles had too strong a hold on the popular imagination to be entirely cast aside. Traces of the festival lingered until quite recently in other areas of the British Isles like little lights that refused to be blown out. In Wales, Candlemas was known as Gwyl Fair y Canhwyllau, Mary’s Festival of the Candles, and was celebrated as late as the 19thcentury by setting a lighted candle in the windows or at the table on this night. Special Candlemas carols were sung by singers who processed from house to house. One of these contains the lines:
Hail reign a fair maid with gold upon your chin,
Open up the East Gate and let the New year in;
The carolers had to undergo a contest of riddles before being allowed to enter (an example of ritual at a liminal place.) When they were allowed in, they might see a young girl with a baby boy on her lap, surrounded by candles, to whom they sang once more and pledged in drink. She of course personified Virgin and Child, but in a country where Catholicism never had a strong hold, it is not difficult to discern a pre-Christian custom similar to the Scottish welcoming of Bride behind the Christian trappings.
In the county of Shropshire, the snowdrop, first flower of spring, took the place of candles, being named, “Candlemas bells,” “Purification flowers” or – with a faint remembrance of Brigid, perhaps – “Fair Maid of February.” And an interesting survival was noted in Cornwall, where until recently in the town of St. Ives, a silver ball was passed around from 10.30 till noon on this day throughout the streets and on the beach. It was started off by the mayor at the parish church, and whoever holds the ball at noon receives a small prize. The significance and history of this unusual and isolated custom is not known. Does the silver ball represent the pale orb of the returning sun?
Finally, traces of the festival of the growing light can even be traced to modern America in the Groundhog Day custom on February 2. If the groundhog sees his shadow on this morning, it means there will be six more weeks of winter. The custom comes directly from Europe, and Scotland in particular, where an old couplet goes:
If Candlemas Day is bright and clear,
there'll be two winters in the year.
A Scottish rhyme about the Feast Day of Bride begins:
This is the day of Bride,
The queen will come from the mound…
In other versions it is a “serpent” that will emerge from a hole, an allusion which Professor Séamus Ó Cáthain has linked to Scandinavian customs regarding the reappearance of the hibernating bear. For this is the time when the animal world begins to stir from its winter sleep in the depths of earth, and life and light is ushered in by Brigid, the Queen.
Happy Imbolc! :DÖncelikle lekeli veya kirli olan kıyafetlerinizi iyice inceleyin ve lekelerin ne tür olduğunu belirleyin. Ardından lekeleri ve kirleri hafifçe ovalayarak çıkarmak için kumaşa sıvı sabun sürün. Daha sonra kıyafetleri ılık suyla yıkayın ve iyice durulayın.
Sonrasında oksijenli su ve beyaz sirkeyi karıştırarak lekeli bölgelere sıkın ve kıyafeti tekrar yıkayın. Bu işlemi yaptıktan sonra kıyafetlerinizi güneşte kurutarak beyazlatma ve dezenfekte etme özelliği olan oksijenli suyun etkisini arttırabilirsiniz.
Sonuç olarak, bu basit yöntemle kıyafetlerinizdeki lekeleri ve kirleri çıkartabilir, kıyafetlerinizi bembeyaz ve yeni gibi yapabilirsiniz. Ayrıca evde kendi imkanlarınızla yapabileceğiniz bu yöntemle kuru temizlemeye harcayacağınız parayı da tasarruf edebilirsiniz.Gonzalo Pérez
Si sa poco della sua vita a causa della scarsità di documenti, ma attraverso alcune opere certe, come il Retablo dei santi Orsola, Martino e Antonio del monastero a Portaceli, oggi nel Museo di Belle Arti di Valencia, si è ricostruito un corpus di opere.
Un'altra opera sicura è il pannello con Santa Marta e San Clemente nel Museo della cattedrale di Valencia, mentre è frutto di attribuzione il San Michele che sconfigge il diavolo della National Gallery of Scotland.
Il suo stile è caratterizzato da figure eteree e quasi sospese nello spazio, con un'attenzione minuta ai dettagli più sfarzosi, che ritraggono le figure sacre come nobili dell'epoca, riccamente abbigliati.Shuttle Flight Control Positions
Flight Director (FLIGHT)
Leads the flight control team. Flight has overall operational responsibility for missions and payload operations and for all decisions regarding safe, expedient mission operations. This person monitors the other Flight Controllers, remaining in constant verbal communication with them via intercom channels called “loops”.
Spacecraft (or “Capsule”) Communicator (CAPCOM)
Generally, only the CAPCOM communicates directly with the crew of a manned space flight. During much of the U.S. manned space program, NASA felt it important for all communication with the astronauts in space to pass through a single individual in the Mission Control Center. That role was designated the Capsule Communicator or CAPCOM and was filled by another astronaut, often one of the backup- or support-crew members. NASA believes that an astronaut is most able to understand the situation in the spacecraft and pass information in the clearest way.
Even though, beginning with the Shuttle Program, spacecraft were no longer “capsules”, the name CAPCOM was retained for both continuity and a continued nod to the history of the program.
The FDO, call sign “Fido,” plans all maneuvers and is responsible for the overall trajectory from launch, on-orbit operations, deorbit, entry, and landing. FDO monitors vehicle performance during the powered flight Ascent phase and assesses abort modes, calculates orbital maneuvers and resulting trajectories, and monitors vehicle flight profile and energy levels during re-entry.
Read more about the Flight Dynamics Officer, including what the FDO was looking at during Space Shuttle Missions.
The Trajectory Officer, callsign “TRAJ”, assists the FDO during missions. A FDO is always certified as a TRAJ in various phases (Ascent, Orbit, Deploy, Rendezvous, and Entry) before ever beginning training towards certification as a FDO. Often times a senior FDO will be assigned as a TRAJ for a first-time FDO in a particular phase for experience and support.
Flight Dynamics MPSR positions
- Abort Support (ascent only) – provided expert support during the powered flight portion of an RTLS or TAL
- ARD Support (ascent only) – maintained the Abort Region Determinator processor which is used to predict trajectory capabilities during powered flight
- Ascent Support team (ascent only) – monitored the winds and weather at the launch site, help compute day-of-launch updates
- Dynamics – maintained the inputs to the Mission Operation Computer for all processors
- Entry Console – provided expert support for entry, approach, and landing
- Entry Support team (ascent and entry) – monitored the winds and weather at the various potential landing sites, prepare trajectory adjustments
- Landing Support Officer (LSO) team – maintained the airspace at any landing site, dispatch Search and Rescue teams if needed, act as first liaison in case of a landing outside the US
- Nav Support team – responsible for maintaining the on-board navigation (telemetry) and the ground navigation (tracking)
- Profile Support (rendezvous only) – assisted the FDO with rendezvous profile evaluation and determination
- Range Safety team (ascent only) – tracked the falling External Tank and Solid Rocket Boosters
- Targeting (ascent only) – provided expert support for Abort to Orbit (ATO) or Abort Once Around (AOA) trajectories
- Track – coordinated tracking site data flow and data requests
- Weather – a member of the Spaceflight Meteorology Group who provided worldwide weather data
Guidance Procedures Officer (GPO)
The GPO, call sign “Guidance,” monitors onboard navigation and onboard guidance computer software. The GPO is a phase-specific position, supporting Ascent, Rendezvous, and Entry phases, with all three requiring vastly different skills and experience. The Ascent/Entry and Rendezvous GPOs were two completely separate teams of Flight Controllers.
Propulsion Engineer (PROP)
PROP monitors and evaluates reaction control thrusters and orbital maneuvering engines during all phases of flight, monitored fuel usage and propellant tank status and other consumables available for maneuvers, and calculated optimal sequences for thruster firings.
Guidance, Navigation, and Controls Systems Engineer (GNC)
GNC monitors all vehicle guidance, navigation and control systems.
Data Processing System Engineer (DPS)
DPS is responsible for the Space Shuttle data processing systems. This included monitoring the onboard General Purpose Computers (GPCs), flight-critical, launch and payload data buses, the Multi-function Electronic Display System (MEDS), Solid-State Mass Memory (SSMM) units, flight critical and payload Multiplexer/De-multiplexer (MDM) units, Master Timing Unit (MTU), Backup Flight Control (BFC) units and system-level software.
Booster Engineer (BOOSTER)
BOOSTER monitors and evaluates Space Shuttle Main Engine, Solid Rocket Booster, and External Tank performance during pre-launch and ascent phases of missions.
Payload Deploy Retrieval (PDRS)
PDRS monitors operation of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), aka the “robot arm” used for satellite and cargo deployment and retrieval.
Extravehicular Activity Officer (EVA)
EVA is responsible for all spacesuit and spacewalking-related tasks, equipment and plans when the EVA took place from the Shuttle.
Electrical, Environmental, Consumables Manager (EECOM)
EECOM is responsible for the atmospheric pressure control and revitalization systems, the cooling systems (air, water, and freon), and the supply/waste water system. EECOM’s critical function was to maintain the systems, such as atmosphere and thermal control, that keep the crew alive.
EECOM MPSR positions
- Life Support – monitored atmospheric pressure control systems, O2/N2/CO2 maintenance and management, air cooling
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. The next one after this is your first natural period.
The contraceptive injection can also affect your cycle. Your periods may change and become irregular, heavier, shorter, lighter or stop altogether. This can carry on for some months after you stop the injections.
If you use the contraceptive implant your fertility will return to normal as soon as it is taken out.
Also Check: 90 Day Probationary Period Form
When To See A Doctor
If your periods suddenly become lighter and you think you may be pregnant, the only way to be sure is to take a pregnancy test. If the light bleeding is due to implantation, taking the test from 2-3 days after the start of the bleeding may show a positive result depending on the sensitivity of the urine test and the amount of hormones present in the body. But if the test is negative, it may still be too early, so wait another week and test again. Every woman is different and while for some the pregnancy test may be positive on the first day of your missed period, for others it may not be positive until up to one month after.
If you are not pregnant, having a noticeably light period from time to time normally isnt the sign of any problem. Sometimes this may be due to temporary disregulation in the menstrual cycle, such as during periods of stress. However, you should see a doctor if you have persistent irregular periods , severe lower abdominal pain, or any other unusual symptoms such as excessive hair growth or weight loss, because these could be indicative of an underlying condition.
Featured image is of menstrual pads scattered against a blue background
One of the first signs of pregnancy can be a light period, and it can be difficult to tell whether it is due to pregnancy or not as the bleed can occur at around the same time of a normal period.
Can I Bleed During Pregnancy
Even though your periods stop, you can still experience bleeding during pregnancy. This happens in almost 1 in 4 women for different reasons. Many women who bleed during pregnancy go on to deliver a healthy baby. However, you should immediately contact your doctor or midwife if you notice bleeding from your vagina at any time during your pregnancy.
In the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, the fertilised egg planting itself in your womb may cause bleeding. This is known as implantation bleeding. It normally only lasts for a few days. However, bleeding during early pregnancy could signal that the fertilised egg has planted itself outside the womb this is called an ectopic pregnancy. It could also signal a miscarriage.
In the later stages of pregnancy, vaginal bleeding can have many different causes.
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Can You Get Pregnant Right Before Or After Your Period
Doctors generally agree that people are not likely to get pregnant in the days leading up to their period. This is especially true if their periods are regular and they have a 28-day menstrual cycle.
However, given the fluid nature of the fertile window, people who do not want to become pregnant should still use contraception at this time.
Sperm cells can only fertilize an egg within a 24-hour window after ovulation. If a person knows when they have ovulated and counts w days from ovulation, they should no longer be able to get pregnant before their next period.
It is, however, possible for a person to get pregnant immediately after their period. This is because sperm can still fertilize eggs for 35 days after sexual intercourse.
If a person with a short cycle has sexual intercourse right after their period and happens to ovulate early, they may ovulate quickly enough for the egg to connect with sperm cells.
Fertility Tracking For Women With Pcos And Irregular Periods
If women are not ovulating or ovulating irregularly, as in the case of polycystic ovary syndrome , they may experience irregular bleeding. Women with PCOS have bleeding that occurs randomly, not in response to a true cycle. As a result, women with PCOS cannot use their period to track their cycle. They would be better suited to discuss alternative methods of tracking fertility with their health care provider.
Similarly, women who experience irregular periods should not count on using their period to track their fertility. An average period cycle lasts 21 to 35 days from the start of one period to the start of the next period. If your periods fall out of this timeframe, then they may be irregular and not associated with ovulation.
Women may experience irregular periods for a variety of reasons like being underweight or constant and intense exercise, Harper said. However, irregular periods may be an indicator of an underlying health issue like PCOS. Speak with your provider if you believe you have an irregular menstrual cycle.
Also Check: 90 Day Probationary Period Policy Examples
Questions You May Be Asked
Bleeding early in pregnancy isn’t normal. But it is common. If youve seen any bleeding, you may be concerned. But keep in mind that bleeding alone doesnt mean something is wrong. Just be sure to call your healthcare provider right away. They may ask you questions like these to help find the cause of your bleeding:
When did your bleeding start?
Is your bleeding very light or is it like a period?
Is the blood bright red or brownish?
Have you had sex recently?
Have you had pain or cramping?
Have you felt dizzy or faint?
Is It Possible To Get Pregnant On The Day Of Ovulation
The menstrual cycle in women is about 6 days and ends on the day of ovulation. However, a fertile window may appear on different days of the cycle. A woman can become pregnant within a few days of her period.
How much do surrogates makeDo surrogates pay taxes? In general, if her salary counts as income, the surrogate must pay federal and state income taxes. However, if the surrogate’s income is not considered income, it will not be taxed and you will not have to pay any federal or state income tax.How much money do surrogate mothers get paid?The amount of this base salary depends on several factors: the average base salary
Also Check: Usaa Insurance Grace Period
Can You Get Pregnant On Your Period
A person can get pregnant during their period, but it is unlikely.
A person is most likely to become pregnant in the middle of their menstrual cycle, which is when the ovary releases an egg in a process called ovulation.
The egg then travels to the uterus, where a sperm cell can fertilize it.
According to the Office on Womens Health , the average menstrual cycle is 28 days. The menstrual cycle is the time between the first day of one period and the first day of the next period. Ovulation usually occurs 719 days after a persons period ends.
The egg can only survive for 1224 hours after ovulation. For this reason, it must meet a sperm cell in this time for pregnancy to occur.
A person is most likely to get pregnant if they have sexual intercourse in the 3 days before and up to the day of ovulation.
Since a person with 28-day cycles typically does not ovulate until around a week after they stop bleeding, they cannot usually get pregnant during their period.
However, it is not quite as simple as this due to three main factors:
- a persons menstrual cycle length
- monthly differences in the timing of ovulation
- how long sperm stays alive inside the female body
Menstrual cycles are still normal if the period comes every 2438 days, so cycle length varies significantly between people. People with shorter menstrual cycles may ovulate closer to their period than people with longer cycles.
So, although it is possible to become pregnant during the period, it is unlikely.
What Are The Causes Of Abdominal And Back Pain
Some of the aches and pains experienced during pregnancy are thought to be due to hormonal changes. Large amounts of the hormone progesterone are produced, which are needed to sustain pregnancy. In addition to this, progesterone acts on the muscles, ligaments and joints causing them to become slacker and more flexible. This hormonal effect is thought to be responsible for some of the stitch like pains that some women experience in the lower part of the tummy and in some cases this can be quite severe. The same hormones can be responsible for constipation during pregnancy this can also cause abdominal pain.
The enlarging womb is made up of layers of muscles and is held in place in the pelvis by supporting ligaments. As the womb expands to accommodate the developing baby, it can pull on the ligaments and muscles, to cause these growing pains.
The backache that some women get in early pregnancy is also thought to be due to a hormonal effect, and the supporting muscles are softer.
Abdominal and/or backache can also be a sign of a urine infection. This may also cause burning or stinging when passing urine and the need to pass urine more frequently. You must inform your doctor of these symptoms, so that a urine test can be obtained and treatment given if needed.
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Pregnancy With A Period: Is It Possible
While some people may experience intermittent vaginal bleeding while they are pregnant, it isnt possible to have a period. Menstruation only takes place in the absence of pregnancy.
Each month, ovulation occurs when your ovary releases an egg to be fertilized by the sperm. The uterine lining thickens in anticipation of a fertilized egg being implanted, which then results in pregnancy. If an egg isnt fertilized and implanted, both the egg and the uterine lining are shed through the vagina as menstrual blood.
So, can you have a period while youre pregnant? The short answer is no. Since you dont ovulate or release an egg during pregnancy, you will not get your monthly period.
What Type Of Scan Will I Have
A vaginal scan is the best method in early pregnancy as it gives us a more accurate result at an earlier stage in pregnancy than an abdominal scan. It may be a little uncomfortable but it is safe to be done, you do not need a full bladder when having a vaginal scan. If you have concerns about a vaginal scan, please let the nurse, midwife doctor know.
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You Can Get Pregnant During Your Period
Have you ever told a partner, “We don’t have to use any birth control this time, I’m on my period?” Well, please STOP IT FOREVER. Because you absolutely can get pregnant on your period. Also, the decay of our bodies as we age is inevitable, 99.9 percent of all species that have ever lived on Earth are now extinct, and you will never be able to afford to live in an enormous apartment in New York City with your best friend Monica while you work as a waitress, no matter how many adorable chunky highlights you get in your hair. EVERYTHING IS AWFUL! SORRY!
So how exactly can you get pregnant during your period? This is primarily a risk for people with shorter cycles. Ovulation typically comes at the mid-point of your cycle â so, if you have a 30-day cycle, you’d ovulate 15 days in. The egg only survives for 24 hours following ovulation, so in this scenario, becoming pregnant during your period is not a major risk.
However, if you have a shorter cycle â one that lasts for, say, 21 days â the risk increases. This is because ejaculated sperm can live inside the human body for several days. Because of this, according to the American Pregnancy Association, if you have a short cycle, having unprotected sex towards the end of your period could mean that live sperm are still hanging around a few days later, when you ovulate.
How Soon After Giving Birth Can You Get Pregnant
Whether you’ve had a vaginal delivery or a cesarean section, your body can get pregnant shortly after delivery. You can ovulate before your first postpartum period and you can get pregnant right after ovulation. While it is not recommended to have sex before the six-week exam, it does occur.I migliori Corsi di laurea di primo livello negli Ilorin in Nigeria 2019/2020
Bachelor gradi da istituti accreditati e le università possono essere importanti pietre miliari verso una carriera di successo.Il più comune tipo di corso di laurea è una laurea 's, di solito assegnato dopo quattro anni di studio di successo
Nigeria, ufficialmente Repubblica Federale della Nigeria, è una repubblica costituzionale federale comprendente 36 stati e il suo Capital Federal Territory, Abuja.
Confronta le Lauree negli Ilorin in Nigeria 2019/2020
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La Facoltà di Giurisprudenza, l'Università di Ilorin è una delle più importanti facoltà di giurisprudenza in Nigeria. La facoltà è stata inizialmente fondata nel 1983 come unità nel Dipartimento di Business Administration, sotto la direzione del professor Eyitayo Lambo.
Facoltà di Scienze della Vita
Dopo la costituzione dell'Università di Ilorin come Collegio Universitario dell'Università di Ibadan dal governo federale della Nigeria nel settembre del 1975, la Facoltà di Scienze era una delle tre facoltà di fondazione che hanno iniziato l'attività accademica il 23 ottobre 1976.
La Facoltà di Ingegneria e Tecnologia ha iniziato nel 1978 con un totale di circa 51 studenti, tre staff accademici, tre amministratori, un messaggero / pulitore e un autista. Inizialmente ci sono stati tre Dipartimenti (ingegneria civile, ingegneria elettrica e ingegneria meccanica).
La Facoltà di Istruzione, che è un pacesetter in termini di qualità del personale accademico, dell'infrastruttura, del programma di istruzione degli insegnanti e dei suoi studenti disciplinati, è stata una delle tre Facoltà pioniere (Arti, Educazione e Scienza) all'istituzione dell'Università Nel 1976.A French team of experts has found that a cable car system for Kathmandu and Patan is feasible
Cable cars are modern means of transport that use cables or wires to transport both goods and people. But ancient paintings found in caves of China show that people have been using ropes or cables to travel or transport goods starting 250 BC.
Particularly after the availability of steel cables after 1834, the cable car became a regular means of transport and it has since seen continuous global expansion.
Over 30,000 cable cars built by different companies are in operation right now around the world. Today cable cars are helping tens of thousands of people to travel fast and safely.
With increasing urbanization, the number of vehicles in mega cities is increasing and so are accidents. Kathmandu and New Delhi are already among the most polluted cities in Asia. And getting stuck in traffic jams for hours has become a routine affair for city-dwellers. One reason behind these jams is that our roads are narrower compared to the roads of other international cities. Only a few roads in Patan and Kathmandu have been developed into two, three or four lanes.
Considering this, the Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport has already commissioned a feasibility study on a metro rail system in Kathmandu, at an expenditure of Rs 70 million. Meanwhile, the ministry is preparing another feasibility study on metro and monorail systems in Kathmandu. A study five years ago had estimated the cost of a metro rail in Kathmandu at around Rs 330 billion. Today, the range will be around Rs 450 to Rs 500 billion.
Therefore, metro and mono rails are not feasible, considering our government’s limited financing capacity and as limited technical expertise. The country’s small economy, people’s low purchasing power and heavy investment requirements make metro rail unattractive for foreign investors.
There are other limiting factors. Kathmandu was a big lake 10,000 years ago. The lake dried up to leave fertile alluvial soil on top. Geologists also claim that the ground beneath Kathmandu is semi-liquid and made of water, sands and weak soil. Therefore building deep foundation for metro or mono rail is almost impossible here.
But as we can also see traffic in the narrow roads of Kathmandu has gone haywire while laying Melamchi pipes. A metro system will involve 10-40 times more digging as compared to similar work on Melamchi project. Structures for mono rail might be less complex compared to metro rail. However, it will not be easy to build big pillars for it in the narrow roads of Kathmandu. Traffic may be halted for months, even years, to lay concrete bridges on the pillars over our narrow roads. Also, acquiring private land for such a mega project will be prohibitively expensive. Cost of such mono rail is estimated at somewhere above Rs 6 billion. Some monorail projects in other countries have been stopped halfway and existing mono rail projects have been shut down.
Line 1 of the Mumbai’s mono rail project was started in 2009 and was completed in 2014, after five deadline extensions, and at a whopping cost of IRs 2.4 billion. The local government has since decided not to build any other mono rails, which have been deemed both costly and highly complex. Another mono rail built in Sydney in 1998 was shut down in 2013.
Mono rail projects also require building of stations, which requires a large space.
Kathmandu valley has an estimated 4 to 5 million people but feasibility studies suggest few people in Kathmandu are expected to take metro or mono rail for their daily commute as a large section of people in Kathmandu is still engaged in agriculture and household chores. This will lead to low utilization of either metro or mono rail systems.
On the other hand, a cable car system can carry 2,500 to 3,000 people every hour and suits the needs of today’s Kathmandu. This will also help ease current traffics, particularly from buses, micro buses and tempos.
Cable cars built in cities like Ankara, Caracas, Bogotá, Medellin, La Paz, Mexico City and Lima now not only transport a great number of people but also boost local tourism. People have saved 30 to 40 percent of their traveling time and air and noise pollution has also been cut in these cities. Cable cars are also cheaper to build, costing Rs 1.5 billion to Rs 2 billion per kilometer.
A cable car system in Kathmandu will increase people’s mobility, reduce travel time, ease traffic congestion and minimize air pollution. There will also be fewer concrete structures compared to mono rail and metro systems. It also can help promote tourism as tourists can use cable cars for sightseeing. Therefore, it is high time that we started using the sky to travel in the city, considering the sorry state of our roads.
Interestingly, the French government had appointed a team of experts to conduct a feasibility study on a cable car system for Kathmandu and Patan. The team’s final report indicates that a cable car system in Kathmandu and Patan is feasible. So what are we waiting for?
The author is Chairman of Nepal-French Chamber of Commerce and IndustryKardeşim yan odadaydı ve ben arkeoloji ile ilgili bir kitap okuyordum, ne ara cinsellikle ilgili bir satıra geldim ve ne ara elimi siyah dantelli (ve çok seksi) iç çamaşırımdan içeri ittim bilmiyorum. tüylüydü biraz, pürüzsüz değildi bu defa. tüyleri araladım, okşamaya başladım, okşadım, okş
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landiya, İrlanda, İspanya, İtalya, Kamboçya, Laos, Libya, Macaristan, Nepal, Portekiz, Romanya, Sri Lanka, Ürdün.
1956 yılında; Japonya, Fas, Sudan, Tunus.
1957 yılında; Gana, Malezya.
1958 yılında; Gine.
1960 yılında; Benin (Dahomey), Burkina Faso (Yukarı Volta), Çad, Fildişi Kıyısı, Gabon, Kamerun, Kıbrıs, Kongo, Madagaskar, Mali, Nijer, Nijerya, Senegal, Somali, Togo, Zaire.
1961 yılında; Moritanya, Moğolistan, Sierra Leone, Tanzanya (Tanganika ile 1963te Birleşmiş Milletlere üye olan Zengibar ile 1964 yılında birleşti).
1962 yılında; Burundi, Cezayir, Jamaika, Raunda, Trinidad ve Tobago, Uganda.
1963 yılında; Kenya, Kuveyt.
1964 yılında; Malavi, Malta, Zambiya.
1965 yılında; Gambiya, Maldivler, Singapur.
1966 yılında; Barbados, Botsvana, Guyana, Lesotho.
1967 yılında; Yemen Demokratik Halk Cumhuriyeti (Güney Yemen 1990da Yemen Arap Cumhuriyeti ile birşleşti).
1968 yılında; Ekvator Ginesi, Mauritius, Svaziland.
1970 yılında; Fiji.
1971 yılında; Bahreyn, Bhutan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Katar.
1973 yılında; Bahamalar.
1974 yılında; Bangladeş, GineBissau, Grenada.
1975 yılında; Cabo Verde, Komorolar, Mozambik, Papua Yeni Gine, Sao Tome ve Prıncipe, Surinam.
1976 yılında; Angola, Batı Samoa, Seyşeller.
1977 yılında; Cibuti, Vietnam
1978 yılında; Solomon Adaları.
1979 yılında; Dominika, St. Lucia.
1980 yılında; St. Vincet ve Gren adinler, Zimbabwe.
1981 yılında; Antigua ve Barbuda, Belize, Vanuatu.
1983 yılında; St. Cristopher ve Nevis.
1984 yılında; Brunei.
1990 yılında; Liechtenstein, Namibia.
1991 yılında; Estonya, Güney Kore, Kuzey Kore, Letonya, Litvanya, Marshall Adaları, Mikronezya.
1992 yılında; Azerbaycan, Bosna Hersek, Ermenistan, Hırvatistan, Kırgızistan, Moldova, Özbekistan, San Marino, Slovenya, Tacikistan, Türkmenistan.
2006 yılında; Karadağ.
Birleşmiş Milletler bünyesine katılmıştır. Şuan 192 üye ülke bünyesinde bulunmaktadır.
BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLERE YÖNELİK ELEŞTİRİLER:
Birleşmiş Milletler Güvenlik Konseyindeki daimi üyelik ve veto sistemi hiyerarşik bir dünya tasavvurunun izlerini taşıdığı, dolayısıyla devletlerin egemen eşitliği prensibiyle çeliştiği gerekçesiyle eleştirilmektedir. Uluslararası sisteme ve hukuka güç parametreleri açısından yaklaşanlar ise Güvenlik Konseyindeki daimi üyeliklerin İkinci Dünya Savaşı sonrası dönemin güç dengelerini yansıttığını, aradan geçen dönemde değişik özellikleriyle dikkate alınması gereken güçler haline gelen Japonya, Almanya, Hindistan gibi ülkelerin daimi üyelik statüsüne sahip olamamaları açısından bir istikrarsızlık potansiyeli oluşturduğunu söylemektedirler.
Özellikle Amerika Birleşik Devletlerinin Birleşmiş Milletler karşısındaki tavrı da değişiklikler arz etmektedir. Amerika Birleşik Devletleri bir yandan Birleşmiş Milletler bütçesinin %25e yakın tek başına sağlayıp, Birleşmiş Milletler sistemi içerisinde yer alan IMF (Uluslararası Para Fonu) ve Dünya Bankası gibi finans kuruluşlarındaki ağırlıyla bu örgütleri milli çıkarları doğrultusunda yönlendirme imkanını elinde tutarken, diğer yandan da sistemi krize sokabilecek tavırlar sergilemekten de çekinmemektedir. Bu ülke Birleşmiş Milletler sisteminin kurulmasında en etkili rolü oynayan ülke olmasına rağmen, egemenliğine sınırlama getirecek, Birleşmiş Milletler eylemlerine hemen her zaman karşı çıkmıştır. Bu tavrın son örnekleri Uluslararası Savaş Suçları Mahkemesinin kurulması ve Irak Savaşı sırasında sergilemiştir.
TÜRKİYE VE BİRLEŞMİŞ MİLLETLER:
Özellikle Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Türkiyenin Birleşmiş Milletlerdeki rolünün önem kazandığında bahsetmek mümkündür.
Orta Asya Türk Cumhuriyetleri ve Kafkas ülkelerinin Birleşmiş Milletlere üye olmasıyla etkinliği artan Türkiye tarihi, kültürel ve jeopolitik özelliklerinden kaynaklanan uluslararası kriz yaşanan birçok bölgede aktif görevler üstlenmiştir.
1993-1994 yıllarında Somaliye gönderilen ikinci barış gücü UNOSOM-IIye (Birleşmiş Milletler Somali Operasyonu), Bosna Hersekte Dayton Barış Antlaşmasının uygulanmasına yardımcı olmak ve barış sürecinde toplumsal düzenin sağlanmasında katkıda bulunmak üzere kurulan ″Birleşmiş Milletler Uluslararası Polis Gücünde (UNIPTF)″ Mart 1996 ile Aralık 2002 arasında Türkiyeden 101 personel görev yapmıştır. Türkiye 1 Ocak 2003ten itibaren görevi devralan Avrupa Birliği Polis Gücüne de katlım sağlamaktadır.
Türkiye Kosovadaki Çok Uluslu Barış Gücüne 994 askerden oluşan bir taburla katılmıştır. Ayrıca Kosovada görev yapmakta olan UNMIK Polis Gücünde (UNMIK-CIVPOL) ülkemiz 120 polisle temsil edilmektedir. Türkiye, Kosova krizinin başlangıcından itibaren yaptığı yoğun insani ve ekonomik yardımların yanı sıra, son olarak beş milyon dolarlık bir bağışla Kosovadaki sosyal ve kültürel projeleri desteklemiştir.
Ayrıca Türkiye Arnavutluka yapılan insani yardımların bu ülkeye süratli ve güvenli bir şekilde ulaştırılması amacıyla oluşturulan Çok Uluslu Koruma Gücüne 779 kişiden oluşan bir birlikle katılmıştır.
Son olarak Türkiye, Haziran 2002 Şubat 2003 tarihleri arasında Afganistandaki ISAF-IFye (Uluslararası Güvenlik ve Yardım Kuvveti) aktif olarak katılarak uluslararası gücün komutanlığını sekiz ay süreyle yürütmüştür. ISAF-IIIe ise halen 229 personel ile destek vermeye devam etmektedir.
Ayrıca, 25 Mart 2002 tarihi itibari ile Birleşmiş Milletler Sekretaryasında on sekizi yönetici düzeyinde olmak üzere toplam otuz beş görevli çalışmaktadır.
İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİ
10 ARALIK 1948
İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİ
10 ARALIK 1948
İnsanlık ailesinin bütün üyelerinin doğal yapısındaki onuru ile eşit ve devredilemez haklarını tanımanın dünyada özgürlük, adalet ve barışın temeli olduğunu, insan haklarını göz ardı etmenin ve hor görmenin, insanlığın vicdanında infial uyandıran barbarca eylemlere yol açtığını, insanların korku ve yoksulluktan kurtulması, konuşma ve inanma özgürlüğüne sahip olacağı bir dünyanın ortaya çıkmasının sıradan insanların en yüksek özlemi olarak ilan edilmiştir. İnsanın zorbalık ve baskıya karşı son çare olarak başkaldırmak zorunda kalmaması için, insan haklarının hukukun egemenliği ile korunmasının önemli olduğunu, uluslararasında dostça ilişkiler geliştirmenin önemli olduğunu, Birleşmiş Milletler halklarının, Birleşmiş Milletler Kuruluş Belgesinde, temel insan haklarına, kişinin onuruna ve değerine, erkekler ile kadınların hak eşitliğine olan inançlarını teyit ettiklerini ve daha geniş özgürlük içinde toplumsal gelişme ve daha iyi bir yaşam düzeyini sağlamaya kararlı olduklarını, üye devletlerin, Birleşmiş Milletlerle işbirliği içinde, insan haklarının ve temel ve temel özgürlüklerin evrensel olarak saygı görmesi ve gözetilmesini sağlamayı taahhüt ettiklerini, bu hak ve özgürlüklerde ortak bir anlayışa sahip olmanın, bu taahhüdün tam olarak gerçekleşmesi için büyük önem taşıdığını göz önüne alarak, Genel Kurul bütün halklar ve uluslar için bir ortak başarı ölçüsü olarak bu İnsan Hakları Evrensel bildirgesini ilan eder. Öyle ki her birey ve toplumun her organı bu bildirgeyi daima göz önünde bulundurarak bu hak ve özgürlüklere saygının yerleşmesini amaçlayan eğitim ve öğretim yoluyla hem üye devletlerin halkalarına hm egemenlikleri altındaki altında ki halkalarda bu hak ve özgürlüklerin evrensel ve etkin olarak tanınmasını ve gözetilmesini amaçlayan ulusal ve uluslararası tedrici önlemler alarak çaba göstersinler.
İNSAN HAKLARI EVRENSEL BİLDİRGESİNİN MADDELERİ;
MADDE 1:
Bütün insanlar özgür, onur ve haklar bakımından eşit doğarlar. Akıl ve vicdanla donatılmışlardır. Birbirlerine kardeşlik anlayışı ile davranmalıdırlar.
MADDE 2:
Herkes ırk, renk, cinsiyet, dil, din, siyasal ya da başka türden kanaat, ulusal ya da toplumsal köken, mülkiyet, doğuş veya başka türden statü gibi herhangi bir ayrım gözetilmeksizin, bu bildirgede belirtilen bütün hak ve özgürlüklere sahiptir.
Ayrıca, bağımsız, vesayet altında ya da kendi kendini yönetemeyen ya da egemenliği başka yollardan sınırlanmış bir ülke olsun ya da olsun olmasın, bir kişinin uyruğu olduğu ülke ya da memleketin siyasal, hukuksal ya da uluslararası statüsüne dayanarak hiçbir ayrım yapılmaz.
MADDE 3:
Herkesin yaşama hakkı ile kişi özgürlüğü ve güvenliğine hakkı vardır.
MADDE 4:
Hiç kimse, kölelik ya da kulluk altında tutulamaz; her türlü kölelik ve köle ticareti yasaktır.
MADDE 5:
Hiç kimseye işkence ya da zalimce, insanlık dışı, aşağılayıcı muamele ve ceza uygulanmaz.
MADDE 6:
Herkesin nerde olursa olsun yasa önünde bir kişi olarak tanınma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 7:
Herkes yasa önünde eşittir ve ayrım gözetilmeksizin yasa tarafından eşit korunmaya hakkı vardır. Herkes, bu bildirgeye aykırı herhangi bir ayrımcılığa ve ayrımcı kışkırtmalara karşı eşit korunma hakkına sahiptir.
MADDE 8:
Herkesin anayasa ya da yasayla tanınmış temel haklarını ihlal eden eylemlere karşı yetkili ulusal mahkemeler eliyle etkin bir yargı yolundan yararlanma hakkı vardır
MADDE 9:
Hiç kimse keyfi olarak yakalanamaz, tutuklanamaz ve sürgün edilemez.
MADDE 10:
Herkesin, hak ve yükümlülüklerinin belirlenmesinde ve kendisine herhangi bir suç isnadında bağımsı ve yansız bir mahkeme tarafından tam bir eşitlikle, hakça ve kamuya açık olarak yargılanmaya hakkı vardır.
MADDE 11:
Kendisine cezai bir suç yüklenen herkesin, savunması için gerekli olan tüm güvencelerin tanındığı, kamuya açık bir yargılama sonucunda suçluluğu yasaya göre kanıtlanıncaya kadar suçsuz sayılma hakkı vardır.
Hiç kimse, işlendiği sırada ulusal ya da uluslararası hukuka göre suç oluşturmayan herhangi bir fiil yapmak ya da yapmamaktan dolayı suçlu sayılmaz. Kimseye, suçun işlendiği sırada yasalarda öngörülen cezadan daha ağır bir ceza verilmez.
MADDE 12:
Hiç kimsenin özel yaşamına, ailesine, evine ya da yazışmasına keyfi olarak karşılamaz, onuruna ve adına saldırmaz. Herkesin, bu gibi müdahale ya da saldırılara karşı yasa tarafından korunma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 13:
Herkesin, her devletin sınırları içinde seyahat ve oturma özgürlüğü hakkı vardır.
Herkes kendi ülkesi de dâhil, herhangi bir ülkeden ayrılma ve o ülkeye dönme hakkına sahiptir.
MADDE 14:
Herkesin, sürekli baskı altında tutulduğunda, başka ülkelere sığınma ve kabul edilme hakkı vardır.
Gerçekten siyasal nitelik taşıyan suçlardan kaynaklanan ya da Birleşmiş Milletlerin amaç ve ilkelerine aykırı fiillerden kaynaklanan kovuşturma durumunda, bu hak ileri sürülmez.
MADDE 15:
Herkesin bir ülkenin yurttaşı olmaya hakkı vardır.
Hiç kimse keyfi olarak uyrukluğundan yoksun bırakılmaz, kimsenin uyrukluğunu değiştirme hakkı yadsınamaz.
MADDE 16:
Yetişkin erkeklerle kadınların, ırk, uyrukluk ya da din bakımından herhangi bir sınırlama yapılmaksızın, evlenmeye ve bir aile kurmaya hakkı vardır. Elenmede, evlilikte ve evliliğin bozulmasında hakları eşittir.
Evlilik, ancak evlenmeye niyetlenen eşlerin özgür ve tam oluruyla yapılır.
Aile, toplumun doğal ve temel birimidir; toplum ve devlet tarafından korunur.
MADDE 17:
Herkesin, tek başına ya da başkalarıyla oraklık içinde, mülkiyet hakkı vardır.
Kimse mülkiyetinden keyfi olarak yoksun bırakılamaz.
MADDE 18:
Herkesin düşünce, vicdan ve din özgürlüğüne hakkı vardır; bu hak, din veya inancını
Değiştirme özgürlüğünü, din veya inancını tek başına veya topluca ve kamuya açık veya özel olarak öğretme, uygulama, ibadet ve uyma yoluyla açıklama serbestliğini de kapsar.
MADDE 19:
Herkesin kanaat ve ifade özgürlüğüne hakkı vardır; bu hak, müdahale olmaksızın kanaat taşıma ve herhangi bir yoldan ve ülke sınırlarını gözetmeksizin bilgi ve fikirlere ulaşmaya çalışma, onları edinme ve yayma serbestliğini de kapsar.
MADDE 20:
Herkes, barış içinde toplama ve örgütlenme hakkına sahiptir.
Hiç kimse, bir örgüte üye olmaya zorlanamaz.
MADDE 21:
Herkes, doğrudan ya da serbestçe seçilmiş temsilcileri aracılığı ile ülkesinin yönetimine katılma hakkına sahiptir.
Herkesin, ülkesinde kamu hizmetlerinden eşit yararlanma hakkı vardır.
Halk iradesi, otoritesinin temelini oluşturulmalıdır; bu irade, genel ve eşit oy hakkı ile gizli ve serbest oylama yoluyla, belirli aralıklarla yapılan dürüst seçimlerle belirtilir.
MADDE 22:
Herkesin, toplumun bir üyesi olarak, toplumsal güvenliğe hakkı vardır; ulusal çabalarla, uluslararası işbirliği yoluyla her devletin örgütlenme ve kaynaklarına göre herkes insan onuru ve kişiliğin özgür gelişmesi bakımından vazgeçilmez olan ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel haklarının gerçekleştirilmesi hakkına sahiptir.
MADDE 23:
Herkesin çalışma, işini özgürce seçme, adil ve elverişli koşullarda çalışma ve işsizliğe karşı korunma hakkı vardır.
Herkesin, herhangi bir ayrım gözetilmeksizin, eşit iş için eşit ücrete hakkı vardır.
Çalışan herkesin, kendisi ve ailesi için insan onuruna yaraşır bir yaşam sağlayacak düzeyde, adil ve elverişli ücretlendirmeye hakkı vardır; bu, gerekirse başka toplumsal korunma yollarıyla desteklenmelidir.
Herkesin, çıkarını korumak için sendika kurma ya da sendikaya üye olma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 24:
Herkesin, dinlenme ve boş zamana hakkı vardır. Bu iş saatlerinin makul ölçüde sınırlandırılması ve belirli aralıklarla ücretli tatil yapma hakkı vardır.
MADDE 25:
Herkesin kendisinin, ailesinin sağlığı ve iyi yaşama için yeterli yaşama standartlarına hakkı vardır. Bu hak, beslenme, giyim, konut, tıbbi bakım ile gerekli toplumsal hizmetleri; işsizlik, hastalık, sakatlık, dulluk, yaşlılık ya da kendi denetiminin dışındaki koşullardan kaynaklanan başka geçimini sağlayamama durumlarında güvenlik hakkını da kapsar.
Anne ve çocukların, özel bakıma ve yardıma hakları vardır
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به شاخص های کلیدی عملکرد مشاهده می شوند. یکی از علت های این اتفاق )محدودشدن تحلیل داده های منابع انسانی صرفا به فرم های شاخص های کلیدی عملکرد(، سهولت اندازه گیری این سنجه ها و یا اقبال عمومی است که در شرکتهای دیگر نسبت به استفاده از این سنجه ها وجود دارد. این در حالی است که در دوران حاضر، سنجه های منحصر به فرد و ارزشمندی فراوانی وجود دارد که ضمن همراه داشتن بینش های تجاری مهم، اثرات چشمگیری را نیز بر عملکرد و نتایج سازمان ها به همراه داشته است.
هدف از بیان مطالب بالا این نیست که تیم های منابع انسانی دیگر نباید انسان محور باشند و یا دغدغه نیروی کار را نداشته باشند، بلکه به دنبال تأکید بر نقش های در حال تغییر واحدهای منابع انسانی در دوران معاصر هستیم. به بیان دیگر، در عصر حاضر که با دوره مکانیزه یا خودکارسازی،” روبات ها و هوش مصنوعی” روبه رو هستیم، نیروی انسانی همانند گذشته باز هم به عنوان محرک اصلی موفقیت سازمان ها مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. انتظار می رود تا تیم های منابع انسانی با کسب قابلیت و توانایی گردآوری و تجزیه و تحلیل حجم روزافزونی از داده های مرتبط با افراد، قادر به ارزش آفرینی و ارائه پیشنهادهایی ارزشمند در راستای دستیابی به اهداف راهبردی و استراتژیک سازمان ها شوند، به عبارت دیگر، این تیم ها باید به سوی داده محور شدن حرکت کنند.
ظهور منابع انسانی داده محور یا منابع انسانی هوشمند
در دنیای امروزی همه چیز به سرعت در حال تغییر است و جهان پیرامون ما هر روز هوشمندتر از گذشته می شود. در عصر حاضر، بیشتر فعالیت هایی که ما در محیط کارمان انجام میدهیم از فعالیت های روزمره کارکنان، میزان تمرکز بر کار، نشاط و رفاه کارکنان تا فعالیت های کلان تری که شرکت ها درگیر آن هستند، قابل اندازه گیری شده اند. این حجم کلان از داده ها (انفجار داده) سبب شده است تا داده های بیشتری در اختیار تیم های منابع انسانی قرار بگیرد و به صورت بالقوه قابلیت بینش افزایی بیشتری در مقایسه با گذشته داشته باشند.
مفهوم منابع انسانی داده محور چیست؟
منابع انسانی داده محور یا منابع انسانی هوشمند عبارت است از بهره مندی از حجم عظیم داده ها به روش های هوشمندانه برای استخراج بینش هایی که نه تنها عملکرد افراد را در سازمان ها (که شامل تیم منابع انسانی نیز می شود) ارتقا میدهد؛ بلکه موفقیت های کلان تری را نیز برای سازمان ها به همراه دارد. تیم های منابع انسانی می توانند داده ها را به منظور تصمیم گیری بهتر در حوزه منابع انسانی، ارزیابی دقیق تر و درک عمیق تر از تأثیرات تجاری منابع انسانی و همچنین، بهبود تصمیم گیری رهبران در موضوعاتی که به کارکنان مرتبط هستند، به کار بگیرند. از سوی دیگر، واحدهای منابع انسانی می توانند از داده های اشاره شده برای بهبود فرایندها و عملیات خود و در راستای افزایش کارایی و اثربخشی، توسعه شادابی، سرزندگی و اثربخشی نیروی کار استفاده کنند. تا در نهایت، تأثیرات معنی داری بر قابلیت ها و توانمندی شرکت ها به منظور دستیابی به اهداف راهبردی خود داشته باشند. اکنون، علی رغم آنکه ایده منابع انسانی داده محور به سرعت در حال رشد است؛ ولی در بیشتر شرکت ها (به استثنای برخی از شرکت های بزرگ و یا شرکت های بسیار نوآور)، اثر آن دیده نمی شود. واحدهای منابع انسانی و به عبارت کلی تر، مدیریت افراد در سازمان ها با انقلابی مواجه شده که شروع آن با موجی از داده ها و تجزیه و تحلیل آنها همراه بوده است. با در نظر داشتن فلسفه وجودی این بخش از سازمان ها (واحدهای منابع انسانی) که به صورت سنتی بر موضوعاتی نرم همچون افراد، فرهنگ، یادگیری و توسعه، مشارکت (درگیر کردن) کارکنان متمرکز است؛ متوجه خواهیم شد که واحدهای منابع انسانی به صورت روزافزون و به شدت، به داده و تجزیه و تحلیل آن وابسته می شوند. واحدهای منابع انسانی در سازمان ها، از جمله واحدهایی هستند که مجموعه ای از فعالیت های غنی از داده را در بردارند. به عنوان نمونه کارفرمایان از دیرباز این داده ها و تحلیل های مربوط به آنها را در راستای برنامه های توسعه ای سازمان ها و یا برای فهم بهتر سنجه هایی همچون رضایت شغلی کارکنان استفاده می کردند. این در حالی است که ظهور داده های کلان در این دوران از یک سو به تسهیل فعالیت های مورد اشاره منجر شده است و از سوی دیگر، هدایتگر سازمانها به سوی افق های (مسیر های) جذاب جدید شده است.
به حداکثر رساندن ارزش افزایی
در نظر داشتن مفهوم هوشمندی،مهم ترین اولویت مدیریت منابع انسانی داده محور، خلق ارزش افزوده برای سازمان با راه های هوشمندانه ای است که به کارگیری همه ابزارهای در دسترس تیم منابع انسانی از جمله داده، حسگرها، تحلیل ها، یادگیری ماشین و هوش مصنوعی منجر می شود. تیم های منابع انسانی با بهره گیری از داده به روشی هوشمندانه و همچنین، با به کار گیری ابزارهای تحلیلی مناسب برای تبدیل این داده ها به بینش های اساسی موردنیاز برای کسب و کار خود، فواید چشمگیری را نصیب سازمان ها خواهند کرد. به عنوان نمونه، می توان به روش مدیریت شرکت گوگل اشاره کرد که به کارکنان خود وعده های غذایی رایگان، کمک هزینه های قابل توجه برای تعطیلات، فراهم ساختن فضای استراحت کوتاه مدت روزانه و مهیا ساختن فضای خاصی برای فعالیت های مفرحی مانند پرورش میوه و سبزیجات در محیط کار اختصاص می دهد، در نتیجه چنین سیاست گذاری هایی است (البته نه فقط این دسته از سیاست ها) که اکنون در گروه راهبری گوگل شاهد تعداد زیادی نیروی انسانی باهوش و شیفته شرکت هستیم، بدون شک، اتخاذ چنین تصمیماتی (فراهم آوردن چنین تسهیلاتی برای کارکنان) بر پایه داده (و تحلیل های ارزشمند) بوده که به ارائه پیشنهادهایی از این دست برای افزایش رضایت کارکنان در این شرکت منجر شده است.
رویکرد گوگل به افزایش رضایتمندی کارکنان، دنیای فناوری را به شدت تحت تأثیر قرار داده است به طوری که دیدگاه کارفرمایان سیلیکون ولی (silicon valley) را در خصوص قدرت و توانایی کارکنان تغییر داده و سبب شده است از شرکت های بزرگ تا شرکت های کوچک استارت آپی، به دنبال پیاده سازی رویکرد شرکت گوگل در محیط کاری خود باشند. همین امر سبب شده است تا علی رغم وجود نرخ جابه جایی قابل تأمل نیروی کار در دنیای فناوری، شرکت گوگل در ایالات متحده امریکا، به صورت پی در پی به عنوان برترین شرکت برای کار کردن از سوی مجله فورچون انتخاب شود
آیا منابع انسانی در جایگاه مناسب با مقاصدش ایستاده است؟
واحدهای منابع انسانی باید به دو تیم مجزا تقسیم شوند: تیم اول با محوریت حمایت افراد و تیم دیگر با محوریت تحلیل داده های منابع انسانی، مسئولیت اصلی تیم نخست )حمایت نیروی انسانی( همان طوری که از عنوان این تیم مشخص است، رسیدگی به امورات کارکنان سازمان در سطوح متفاوت آن اعم از کارکنان سطوح عملیاتی تا رهبران ارشد است. از جمله وظایف این تیم کمک کردن به کارکنان برای توسعه فردی، نظارت و تقویت تعلق شغلی کارکنان، رسیدگی به موضوعات فرهنگی سازمان و به طور کلی، پیگیری تمامی موضوعاتی است که به رفاه کارکنان ارتباط پیدا می کند. از سوی دیگر، تیم تحلیل افراد به عنوان تیم دوم واحد منابع انسانی، برخلاف وظایف تیم نخست اکه بیشتر بر جنبه های نرم و انسانی مدیریت نیروی کار در سازمان متمرکز بود، با اتخاذ روش های علمی و تحلیلی، به مقوله منابع انسانی در سازمان می پردازد و به دنبال آن است تا در نهایت، عملکرد سازمان را با ارائه بینش هایی کلیدی برای کسب و کار بهبود بخشد. نقش اصلی تیم تحلیل منابع انسانی یافتن پاسخی برای سؤالاتی از این دست است
شکاف استعدادی ما چیست؟ (با در نظر داشتن اهداف سازمان، به چه استعدادهایی نیاز داریم که اکنون در سازمان وجود ندارند؟
چه چیزی یک نیروی کار را به کارمندی (عضو تیم) خوب برای شرکت مبدل می سازد؟
چطور می توان به بهترین شکل ممکن، این افراد )استعدادهای موردنیاز و کارکنان خوب آینده( را جذب کرد؟
پیش بینی خروج نیروی انسانی را در سازمان چگونه می توان انجام داد؟
حتما پاسخ به سؤالاتی این چنین صرفا از راه تأکید بر شهود و یا تنها با تقلید محض از تلاش های دیگر شرکت ها میسر نیست و نیازمند داده او تحلیل ارزشمند آنها است. هنوز هم بر این عقیده هستم که تیم های منابع انسانی در سازمان های معاصر ناگزیر به چنین دسته بندی در نظر گرفتن دو دسته تیم در واحد منابع انسانی، تیم حمایت از منابع انسانی و تیم تجزیه و تحلیل داده های منابع انسانی هستند تا به کمک آنها از داده ها مستمره بهره برد و به بیانی دیگر، پایه های هوشمندی و داده محور بودن را در واحدهای منابع انسانی خود پایه گذاری کنند. ممکن است شما با این دسته بندی که معرفی کردم، مخالف و یا موافق باشید؛ اما در هر دو حالت باید به این نکته توجه داشته باشید که سرعت تغییرات در دنیای کسب و کار امروز بسیار زیاد است و انتظار می رود تا واحدهای منابع انسانی به فکر ارزش آفرینی بیشتر برای سازمان ها باشند که این مهم از راه تمرکز بر داده ها میسر خواهد شد.
همراستایی با اهداف شرکت
علاوه بر آنکه داده ها در واحد منابع انسانی (به عبارتی دیگر، در سطح واحدهای سازمانی به عنوان منبعی ارزشمند مورد توجه قرار می گیرند، در سطحی بالاتر (سطح کلان سازمان) نیز، نقش کلیدی در رسیدن شرکتها به اهداف و همچنین، در پیاده سازی استراتژی هایشان ایفا می کند. به دفعات، در همکاری خود با سازمان های متفاوت مشاهده کرده ام که این سازمان ها استراتژی خود را به صورتی موجز و قابل فهم در قالبی با عنوان «برنامه تک صفحه ای » تهیه می کنند. بخشی در بالای این صفحه وجود دارد که اهداف اصلی شرکت، چشم انداز و مأموریت آن را شامل می شود. مشابه همین برنامه یک صفحه ای که برای کل سازمان طراحی شده است ، در واحد منابع انسانی نیز برای بهره مندی هرچه مناسب تر از داده ها، استراتژی های مربوط به داده طراحی می شود. هدف اصلی شرکت )همانند آنچه در برنامه یک صفحه ای راجع به اهداف کلی سازمان وجود دارد( در این استراتژی ها )استراتژی داده ها در واحد منابع انسانی( به عنوان چراغ راه و هدایتگر استراتژی های مربوط به داده ها در واحد منابع انسانی مدنظر قرار می گیرد. به عبارت دیگر، در طراحی استراتژی های واحد منابع انسانی (از جمله استراتژی های مربوط به داده) اهداف شرکت باید به عنوان هدایتگر و راهبر ایفای نقش کند و براین اساس، استراتژی، تصمیمات و اقدامات مربوطه در این واحد واحد منابع انسان نیز باید در راستای اهداف سازمان طراحی و پیاده سازی شوند. در چنین شرایطی است که واحد منابع انسانی ضمن برنامه ریزی برای تحقق اهداف خود، در راستای اهداف کلان سازمان نیز گام بر می دارد و به عبارت دیگر، به ارزش آفرینی در سازمان دست می یابد.
نحوه استفاده هوشمندانه از داده در واحد منابع انسانی
علی رغم آنکه راه های بی شماری برای استفاده شرکت ها از داده وجود دارد؛ ولی در کل می توان این بهره مندی ها را در قالب چهار دسته زیر طبقه بندی کرد که در ادامه تشریح می شود.
تصمیم گیری بهتر
همان طوری که پیش تر نیز اشاره شد، ایده اصلی منابع انسانی داده محور، هوشمندسازی واحد منابع انسانی از هر راه ممکن و همچنین، تصمیم گیری هایی هوشمندانه در این واحد سازمانی است. داده علاوه بر اینکه می تواند به متخصصان واحد منابع انسانی در تصمیم گیری بهتر در محدوده فعالیت های این واحد (همچون استخدام و ارزیابی های عملکرد هوشمندانه تر) یاری رساند، به شکل گیری گزارش های بخش های دیگر شرکت نیز کمک می کند و در حالت کلی، به حمایت و پشتیبانی از تصمیمات شرکت منجر می شود. علاوه بر آن، داده های منابع انسانی با فراهم آوردن بینش هایی ارزشمند در خصوص متغیرهای مربوط به کارکنان می توانند در فرایند تصمیم گیری تیم راهبری سازمان ها نقش بسزایی ایفا کند. در همین راستا، واحد منابع انسانی هوشمند نیز می تواند با فراهم آوردن داده های موردنیاز، نقش کلیدی در این فرایند ایفا کند. اکنون، بیشتر داده های منابع انسانی در سازمان ها یا به صورت موقتی (برای نمونه، برای یک موضوع خاص) و یا به شیوه هایی غیر کارا (همچون انجام نظرسنجی از کارکنان که با هزینه های سنگین همراه است) استفاده می شوند.
بهبود عملیات
دومین دسته از کاربردهای داده در سازمان ها به بهبود فرایندها و عملیات های سازمانی مربوط می شود که در واحد منابع انسانی نیز همچون سایر بخش های سازمان، نقشی حیاتی را در بهبود فعالیت های این واحد دارد. داده ها به متخصصان منابع انسانی کمک می کند تا نگاه ویژه ای به فعالیت های این واحد همچون ایمنی، رفاه کارکنان و فرایند جذب داشته باشند و در پاسخ به سؤالاتی چون: «بیشترین اقدامات و تلاش های واحد منابع انسانی از لحاظ زمان و میزان تلاش، صرف چه کارهایی می شوند؟ چطور می توان به ساده سازی و بهبود کارها در این واحد اقدام کرد؟» جواب های مشخصی را ارائه می دهد. تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها به متخصصان منابع انسانی این قابلیت را میدهد تا ضمن شناسایی حوزه هایی برای بهبود و توسعه، به خودکارسازی فرایندهای این واحد برای کاراتر کردن آنها اقدام کنند.
شناخت مشتریان
شناخت مشتریان بزرگ ترین و بارزترین حوزه استفاده از داده های کلان در دنیای امروزی است. کسب و کارهای امروزی از داده های کلان برای شناخت بهتر مشتریان که شامل فهم بهتر در خصوص رفتار، عملکرد و سطح رضایتمندی شان است، استفاده می کنند. بهره مندی از داده ها در فضای کسب و کار این قدرت را به شرکت ها می بخشد تا درک جامع تری از مشتریانشان داشته باشند و پاسخ های مناسبی برای سؤالاتی مثل «چه چیزی سبب می شود تا مشتریان سازمان آنها را انتخاب کنند؟ و یا اقدام بعدی مشتریان چه خواهد بود؟ چه شاخص هایی سبب می شود تا مشتریان شرکت آنها را به دیگران معرفی کنند؟» داشته باشند. سازمان ها با تحلیل بازخوردهای مشتریان می توانند تعامل بهتری با ایشان برقرار سازند. این نکته به تعالی بخشی به محصولات و خدمات ارائه شده توسط این سازمان ها منجر می شود. اگر شما فکر می کنید که این دسته از کاربرد داده ها (فهمیدن مشتریان) فقط مطلوب واحد فروش و بازاریابی سازمان شماست، از شما تقاضا می کنم تا تأملی دوباره داشته باشید و در دیدگاه خود بازنگری کنید. با فرض اینکه شما یک متخصص منابع انسانی هستید، کارکنان شرکت به عنوان مشتریان شما محسوب می شوند. این به معنای آن است که شما می توانید از بیشتر روش های مورداستفاده یک تیم بازاریابی در خصوص داده ها برای فهم بیشتر مشتریان و تعامل سازنده تر با مشتریان در واحد منابع انسانی نیز بهره مند شوید.
درآمدزایی از داده
دسته چهارم از کاربرد داده ها، موضوع درآمدزایی از داده ها (نگاه اقتصادی به داده) را شامل می شود که در حوزه کسب و کار بسیار رایج است. شرکت های بی شماری در دنیای معاصر در تلاش هستند تا از طریق داده، بر میزان درآمد خود بیفزایند و یا به عبارت دیگر، از طریق داده ها در آمدزایی داشته باشند. شرکت «جائبون» یکی از مثال های موفق در این خصوص است. جائیون شرکت تولید کننده مچ بندهای ورزشی هوشمند است که با داشتن میلیون ها مشتری در سطح جهانی شناخته شده است. بعد از گذشت مدتی از فعالیت و جذب روزافزون مشتریان در این شرکت، مدیران جائبون دریافتند که داده های عظیمی که از مشتریان خود به دست می آورند، در مقایسه با صرفا فروش مچ بند، سودآوری بیشتری را برای شرکت دارد. تحلیل داده های کاربران این مچ بندها، علاوه بر آنکه برای مشتریان بینش ایجاد می کند با ارائه گزارش های تحلیلی مخصوص تک تک مشتریان از داده های گردآوری شده، به آگاهی بخشی بیشتر ایشان در خصوص وضعیت سلامتی شان منجر می شود، برای شرکت های دیگر همچون شرکت های ارائه دهنده مکمل های غذایی، شرکت های ارائه دهنده خدمات لاغری و…) نیز جذاب بوده و این اقدامات به کسب سود سرشاری برای شرکت جائبون منجر شده است. اکنون، شرکت جائبون هنوز به تولید مچ بندهای یادشده ادامه می دهد؛ ولی دیگر نه به عنوان هدف اصلی شرکت؛ بلکه به عنوان وسیله ای برای دستیابی به داده های کاربران که اکنون به عنوان اصلی ترین تمرکز و هدف شرکت محسوب می شوند.
باوجود آنکه موضوع کسب درآمد از داده ها در واحد منابع انسانی با در نظر گرفتن حساسیت بالای داده های این واحد (همچون داده های فیش حقوقی، نتایج ارزیابی عملکرد و….) و یا به علت وجود خط قرمزهای اخلاقی (همچون حفظ حریم خصوصی افراد) بعید است که همچون مثال فوق موضوعیت داشته باشد؛ ولی ارزش آن را دارد تا متخصصان واحد منابع انسانی به استفاده هوشمندانه تر از این داده ها روی بیاروند. برای نمونه، فرض کنید شرکت شما قصد دارد (همانند نمونه یادشده) تا از داده های خود در بخش های دیگر (همچون داده مشتریان و یا محصولات) کسب درآمد کند و این رویکرد در آینده ای نه چندان دور، به استراتژی فراگیر شرکت شما تبدیل شود. در چنین شرایطی، واحد منابع انسانی شرکت شما موظف خواهد بود تا در فرایندهای جذب (به ویژه مهارت های موردنیاز متقاضیان جذب) تغییراتی را اعمال کند تا به بهترین وجه ممکن به نقش ارزش آفرینی خود در تغییرات استراتژی سازمان پایبند باشد.
نقش داده در ایجاد تحول بنیادی در وظایف واحد منابع انسانی
با نگاهی به وظایف اصلی واحد منابع انسانی به این نکته پی خواهیم بود که نمونه ها و شواهد فراوانی در دنیای واقعی می توان یافت که گواه از اهمیت یافتن نقش داده ها در منابع انسانی و به عبارت دیگر، داده محورشدن منابع انسانی دارد.
منبع ” کتاب : منابع انسانی داده محور، نویسنده : برنارد مر ، ترجمه : دکتر علی پیران نژاد – وحید فرجی جبه دار”به گزارش ایسنا، هابیل درویش صبح امروز در آیین افتتاح ایستگاه مترو شهید قدوسی با بیان اینکه امروز صدوچهارمین ایستگاه مترو از خط ۳ مترو مورد بهرهبرداری قرار میگیرد، گفت: چهاردهم شهریورماه سالگرد شهادت شهید قدوسی بوده و به همین علت افتتاح این ایستگاه را در دستور کار قرار دادیم.
وی در تشریح تاسیسات این ایستگاه گفت: این ایستگاه ۳ پست برق، ۱۲ پله
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’s limited working memory freeing it up for thinking. We call all this “maths fluency” and you can see it in children who have learned to calculate quickly and accurately without much mental effort. Educational research has shown maths fluency at primary level to be the key indicator for future success in maths at secondary level and beyond.
The good news is maths fluency is not something you’re either born with or not. It can be developed by all children through practice - ideally early on between ages 5 and 9. Acquiring it involves extra practice, but not hours and hours of any old practice, rather regular, short sessions targeted to the child’s needs. It certainly doesn't take Malcolm Gladwell's 10,000 hours to develop - some learners using Komodo maths reach fluency in around 30 hours broken into short little and often sessions. The great news is maths fluency isn’t hard to develop, it stays for life and acquiring it can actually be made fun.
As a maths teacher and parent I say there’s no substitute for maths fluency! It's a great way to equip your kids for the future, whatever it may hold.
About Komodo - Komodo is a fun and effective way to boost primary maths skills. Designed for 5 to 11 year olds to use in the home, Komodo uses a little and often approach to learning maths (15 minutes, 3 to 5 times per week) that fits into the busy routine. Komodo users develop fluency and confidence in maths - without keeping them at the screen for long.Acute and Chronic Ear Infections
Ear infections, also known as otitis media, are one of the most common childhood medical problems. Ear infections are the most frequent cause of doctor visits for children. In fact, three out of four children in the United States will have at least one ear infection by the time they reach the age of three.
Causes of Ear Infections
While ear infections can occur in any of the three parts of the ear, they most commonly develop in the middle ear. Ear infections are caused when fluid builds up behind the eardrum in the Eustachian tubes, the tubes that connect the ears to the nose. This moist environment is conducive to the rapid growth of bacteria which result in the infection. Occasionally, although ear infections are usually caused by bacteria, viruses or allergies may be the underlying factor.
Since children's Eustachian tubes are narrower and shorter than those of adults, children are more likely to develop ear infections. In fact, ear infections are relatively rare in adults.
Risk Factors for Ear Infections
Certain individuals are predisposed to ear infections by heredity or anatomy. Feeding position can also be a risk factor as babies who are bottle-fed tend to develop more ear infections than breastfed babies. Children in group child care may be more likely to develop ear infections simply because they are exposed to more children who may be sick. Children exposed to secondhand smoke are also more likely to develop ear infections, as are children with weakened immune systems or allergies or those who use a pacifier.
Ear, nose and throat (ENT) allergies, like other types of allergies, are extremely common. Allergic reactions of all kinds are triggered by an abnormal response of the immune system when it mistakes an innocuous substance for a serious threat. While most allergic symptoms of this type are relatively mild, untreated ear, nose and throat allergies should not be ignored because they may lead to more significant medical problems.
Causes of ENT Allergies
ENT-allergy sufferers, although seemingly reacting to allergens, are actually being attacked by their own immune systems. When an allergic individual is exposed to an allergen, her or his body produces antibodies and releases a variety of chemicals, including histamine. Histamine is the chief precipitating cause of allergic response. In many cases, an allergic response to the allergen will not occur immediately upon exposure, but only after a certain threshold of exposure is reached. While the underlying causes of allergies are unknown, they are known to be hereditary.
Common allergens responsible for ENT allergies are present in the air, and may include dust, mold, animal dander and pollen. Allergies to plant pollens and mold can be seasonal, occurring only when certain plants or trees are in bloom, or when mold is produced by rotting leaves. Such allergies are also affected by weather conditions, particularly humidity and wind, and are commonly referred to as hay fever.
Symptoms of ENT Allergies
Most allergies of the ear, nose and throat result in mild symptoms, which may, nonetheless, interfere with normal activities. Nasal rhinitis may result in sneezing, nasal congestion or a runny nose. Individuals with ear, nose and throat allergies may also suffer from headaches, and itching and soreness in the throat and ears. More severe reactions to ear, nose and throat allergies, including anaphylaxis, are far less common but may be life-threatening.
A balance disorder is a complex condition that causes unsteadiness and dizziness, and sensations of spinning, moving or floating. Part of the inner ear known as the labyrinth interacts with other body systems, including those of the eyes, bones and joints, to maintain balance. The part of the inner ear that is involved with balance is called the vestibular system, and balance disorders associated with the ear are referred to as vestibular disorders. Problems within the ear, brain or nervous system cause balance problems that affect more than two million people each year.
Symptoms of Balance Disorders
Symptoms of a balance disorders may come and go, or be constant. They may cause anxiety or panic when they occur, and may include:
- Motion sickness
- Blurry vision
Vomiting, diarrhea, and increased heart rate or blood pressure may also accompany the symptoms listed above.
Types of Balance Disorders
Identifying the underlying cause and the type of balance disorder are both important for successful treatment. When a cause for the balance disorder is determined, a specific treatment plan can be created. Balance disorders are commonly characterized by their symptoms or causes. There are several types of common balance disorders.
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
Also known as BPPV, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo is a condition that causes feelings of vertigo after specific position changes of the head. BPPV may be caused by an infection or inflammation of the ear that causes the calcium particles to shift, resulting in balance problems and vertigo. Patients who suffer from BPPV may have brief periods of vertigo that come and go.
Labyrinthitis results in dizziness and a loss of balance. It is usually caused by an infection or inflammation of the inner ear that is the result of an upper-respiratory infection. Labyrinthitis is frequently a result of chronic, untreated middle-ear infections. Symptoms of labyrinthitis usually subside when the infection clears up.
Meniere's disease symptoms, which are caused by an imbalance of fluid in the inner ear, include vertigo, hearing loss and ringing in the ears. Symptoms of Meniere's disease may vary in both frequency and intensity. Some patients experience many symptoms within a short period of time, followed by months or years without them.
Also known as vestibular neuritis, vestibular neuronitis is the swelling of the vestibular nerve, which is responsible for sending balance signals from the inner ear to the brain. This condition usually causes vertigo. Vestibular neuronitis often follows a cold or other viral infection, although by the time symptoms arise, the viral infection is usually long gone.
Perilymph fistula is the leakage, caused by a physical injury or exertion, of inner-ear fluid. The symptoms of perilymph fistula may include dizziness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting. Some patients experience ringing or fullness in the ears, and many notice hearing loss. Symptoms may get worse when there is a change in altitude or air pressure.Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull has announced a series of measures to help end domestic violence. He says it will aim to:
… improve frontline support and services, leverage innovative technologies to keep women safe, and provide education resources to help change community attitudes to violence and abuse.
But has the discussion been framed correctly? Is it excluding other victims of domestic violence? Will the package make a difference, and why are we seemingly so reluctant to recognise family violence for the serious issue it is?
Framing the discussion correctly
While the initiatives contained in Turnbull’s announcement were positive, it was disappointing to see the use of gender to frame the issue. Yes, statistics tell us that women are the most prominent victims. But it almost seemed that Turnbull was talking specifically to domestic violence between intimate partners to the exclusion of other forms of family violence.
For this article I take domestic violence to include all forms of family violence and to include all types of family relationships.
Since its recognition in Australia in the 1980s, the concept of domestic violence and its associated harms has evolved into a complex criminal justice issue. From its basic origin of being physical violence between married couples, the definition of relationships covered is now wide and varied.
I disagree with the comments of domestic violence campaigner and Australian of the Year Rosie Batty when she said society has to “acknowledge this is a gender issue”. As former prime minister Tony Abbott said when announcing the award for Batty:
… family violence can happen to anyone.
The notion that domestic violence is limited to physical violence committed only between a male and female in an intimate relationship marginalises many other forms and victims of domestic violence – such as elder abuse, child victims and same-sex relationships.
In Victoria, children form the single largest category of protected persons in domestic violence matters. There has been a 295.4% increase in children being named in matters between 2004-05 and 2011-12. In 2014, an Australian Institute of Criminology study found that 2% of intimate partner homicides were committed in same-sex relationships.
This is why framing the discussion purely in terms of gender is not productive. It is not a case of absolutes when talking about perpetrators and victims of domestic violence. As a detective, I investigated domestic homicides involving the wife killing the husband, the husband killing the wife, the parent killing the child and the child killing the parent.
The moment you make it a gender issue you run the risk of alienating many of the gender you are targeting with a broad brush. A much more productive and inclusive discussion would be had by framing the issue in terms of victims and perpetrators, and what is appropriate behaviour for anyone, regardless of gender.
The scope of the threat
There is no doubt that domestic violence crime is increasing, and has been doing so for years. The problem is not new.
But do we see it as a core crime-fighting issue? Or does it only become this when a victim of domestic violence dies or is seriously injured? In response to three recent deaths of women in Queensland, the state government announced measures that seemed to tinker around the edges of the problem.
Compare this to when bikie gang members brawled on the Gold Coast in 2013. Within days Queensland enacted new laws and assigned 200 police to investigate nothing but bikie crime, with a budget that went to millions of dollars. New criminal offences were created with lengthy prison terms attached to them.
In addressing bikie crime, the reaction was instant and overwhelming. But on domestic violence, action could be described as marginal.
Data obtained from the Queensland government under Right to Information shows that bikie gang members were found guilty of 4323 criminal charges between April 2008 and April 2014. This means that bikie gang members were found guilty of 0.17% of reported Queensland offences.
In the same period there were some 65,994 breaches of domestic violence orders. This equates to 2.6% of reported crime for the period. This figure does not account for the thousands of associated criminal charges that would no doubt be linked to the breaches of domestic violence orders.
In the same six-year period, bikies were found guilty of three murders in Queensland. Yet for a similar six-year period, Queensland alone had more than 140 domestic homicides. Domestic violence costs the community billions of dollars a year, a level similar to that estimated for the cost of organised crime.
Despite this, there is still the perception that Australia’s courts do not treat breaches of domestic violence orders seriously. In 2011, Legal Aid NSW noted that, in many cases, the criminal matter associated with the breach of a restraining order – for example, an assault – received a greater penalty than the breach, thus not reflecting the breach’s seriousness.
Recent moves in Queensland to increase the maximum penalty for a breach of a domestic violence order from two years jail to three hardly seems to reflect the gravity of the situation.
What we really need to be doing
We need to ensure that the culture of frontline responders, especially the police, is one that treats domestic violence as the serious crime threat it is. Queensland’s Domestic Violence Taskforce noted this in its report:
… the taskforce heard many stories about the shortcomings of police responses. Many of these shortcomings stem from processes and procedures that inhibit police responses, but many also come from a culture in some areas that does not give sufficient weight to what is seen as “just a domestic”.
Former Victoria Police chief commissioner Ken Lay has echoed this.
Australia needs a National Domestic Homicide Review Panel to break down cross-jurisdictional boundaries and identify best practice and failings in the protection of victims. It needs a national intelligence centre, similar to the Australian Gangs Intelligence Co-ordination Centre, to provide timely intelligence and co-ordination in relation to serious and recidivist domestic violence offenders.
In other words, Australia needs to treat and respond to domestic violence as a serious crime threat with risk-mitigation and crime-management strategies. It should create dedicated taskforces in each state to investigate domestic violence-related crime. If Australia can do it for drug crime, why can’t it do it for domestic violence?
Victoria has shown the way in this regard – it created a Family Violence Command in its police service.
Australia should also be seriously considering a national domestic violence order system that means a victim does not have to be concerned by jurisdictional boundaries.
The package the Turnbull government announced this week is a step in the right direction. But Australia needs more than a culture shift and training – much, much more.
The National Sexual Assault, Family & Domestic Violence Counselling Line – 1800 RESPECT (1800 737 732) – is available 24 hours a day, seven days a week for any Australian who has experienced, or is at risk of, family and domestic violence and/or sexual assault.Although tomatoes are often closely associated with Italian cuisine, they are actually originally native to the western side of South America, in the region occupied by Columbia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and the western half of Bolivia. The Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador are also believed to be part of tomatoes’ native area. The first type of tomato grown is thought to have more resembled the smaller-sized cherry tomato than the larger varieties.
The humble vegetable has grabbed the attention of millions of health seekers for its incredible phyto-chemical properties. Interestingly, it has more health-benefiting properties than that in an apple!
Botanically, it belongs to Solanaceae or nightshade family of common vegetables, which also includes chili peppers, potato,eggplant, etc. Its scientific name is Lycopersicon esculentum. This exotic vegetable of all seasons is native to the Central America and was cultivated by the Aztecs centuries before the Spanish explorers introduced it to all over the world.
There are more than 4,000 varieties of tomatoes, ranging from the small, marble-size cherry tomato to the giant Ponderosa that can weigh more than 3 pounds.
Only the fruits of this plant are eaten since the leaves often contain potentially problematic concentrations of certain alkaloids. Tomatoes have fleshy internal segments filled with slippery seeds surrounded by a watery matrix. They can be red, pink, yellow, orange/tangerine, green, purple, brown, or black in color.
Although tomatoes are fruits in a botanical sense, they don’t have the dessert quality sweetness of other fruits. Instead they have a subtle sweetness that is complemented by a slightly bitter and acidic taste. They are prepared and served like other vegetables, which is why they are often categorized as such. Cooking tempers the acid and bitter qualities in tomatoes and brings out their warm, rich sweetness.
Health benefits of Tomatoes
- Are one of the low-calorie vegetables containing just 18 calories per 100 g.
- Are very low in any fat contents and have zero cholesterol levels.
- Are excellent sources of antioxidants, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins. Because of their all-round qualities, nutritionists often recommend them to be included in cholesterol controlling and weight reduction programs.
- The antioxidants present in tomatoes are scientifically found to be protective of cancers, including colon, prostate, breast, lung, and pancreatic tumors.
- Lycopene, a flavonoid antioxidant, is the unique phytochemical present in the tomatoes. Red varieties are especially concentrated in this antioxidant. Together with carotenoids, it can protect cells and other structures in the body from harmful oxygen-free radicals. Studies have shown that lycopeneprevents skin damage from ultra-violet (UV) rays and offers protection from skin cancer.
- Zea-xanthin is another flavonoid compound present abundantly in this vegetable. Zea-xanthin (another flavonoid compound present ) helps protect eyes from “age-related macular disease” (ARMD) in the elderly persons by filtering harmful ultra-violet rays.
- Contains very good levels of vitamin A, and flavonoid anti-oxidants such as α and ß-carotenes, xanthins and lutein. Altogether, these pigment compounds are found to have antioxidant properties and take part in vision, maintain healthy mucus membranes and skin, and bone health.
- They are good source of antioxidant vitamin-C (provide 21% of recommended daily levels per 100 g); consumption of foods rich in vitamin C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful free radicals.
- Fresh tomato is very rich in potassium. 100 g contain 237 mg of potassium and just 5 mg of sodium. Potassium is an important component of cell and body fluids that helps controlling heart rate and blood pressure caused by sodium.
- They contain moderate levels of vital B-complex vitamins such as folates, thiamin, niacin, riboflavin as well some essential minerals like iron, calcium, manganese and other trace elements.
Select and Store
Choose tomatoes that have rich colors. Tomatoes of all colors provide outstanding nutrient benefits. Tomatoes should be well shaped and smooth skinned with no wrinkles, cracks, bruises, or soft spots. They should not have a puffy appearance since that characteristic is often associated with inferior flavor and may also result in excess waste during preparation. Ripe tomatoes will yield to slight pressure and will have a noticeably sweet fragrance.
Fragrance is a better indicator of a good tomato than color. Use your nose and smell the stem end. The stem should retain the garden aroma of the plant itself – if it doesn’t, your tomato will lack flavor and will be good only for decoration.
Since tomatoes are sensitive to cold, and it will impede their ripening process, store them at room temperature and out of direct exposure to sunlight. They will keep for up to a week, depending upon how ripe they are when purchased. Whole tomatoes, chopped tomatoes and tomato sauce freeze well for future use in cooked dishes. Sun-dried tomatoes should be stored in an airtight container, with or without olive
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also reported less physical activity and increased screen time. In addition, the adolescents with shorter sleep routines reported less physical activity and more screen time.
In the short term, poor sleep impairs daytime function.
"It can affect (your) learning, it can affect (your) memory," Narang added.
Parents concerned about their child's sleep can intervene in several ways.
McCrindle suggests trying to minimize media use in the bedroom.
"Do (the adolescents) really need to have a TV, a computer, all their video games in the bedroom?" he asked.
Instead, ensure kids have down time before bedtime.
Narang feels consumption of high-energy caffeine drinks may largely be to blame.
But the big picture, she says?
"Everybody involved in the health care of a child - a nurse, a physician, a teacher - needs to promote well sleep, and that would involve a certain number of hours a sleep and routine of sleep," Narang said.
The routine would keep them on the same sleep schedule all week long, she added.
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January 26th, 2015
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As data security and secure communication are becoming increasingly important, quantum communication is a promising approach to achieve highest possible security. Quantum states are used to generate keys and copying an unknown quantum state is forbidden due to fundamental physical laws. Without the possibility to make a copy, a possible eavesdropper cannot learn about the transmitted key without interfering with the signal and thus can easily be detected.
However, due to transmission losses in the optical fiber, the sent information must be reamplified after some tens of kilometers. In classical telecommunication a repeater measures the information and amplifies the signal. In other words, it is making a copy. Since it is forbidden to make a copy of quantum states without interfering with the data, for a quantum network the repeater has to be replaced by a quantum repeater that uses quantum states to store information, without ever measuring them.
Here, at the University of Würzburg, we are researching on a quantum repeater segment based on semiconductor quantum dots in micropillar cavities.İnsan tarih boyunca hem savaştı hem de savaştırdı. Büyük İskender’i Hindistan’a atlar taşıdı. Ama onun büyük seferini Hindistan’da durduran ise filler oldu. Şarap içirilmiş, tepeden tırnağa silahlı 200 fil “vadhavadha” komutuyla Büyük İskender’in askerlerini ve atları çiğnedi, hortumuyla yakalayıp ağaçlara vurdu. Filler insanların savaşlarına M.Ö. 3000 yılından beri katıldılar. Kaçı madalya veya terfi aldı, bilinmiyor.
Hayvanlar sadece tarihin çok eski ve karanlık dönemlerinde değil, her zaman savaşa dâhil oldular. Hatta kanaryalar bile… Zehirli gazların, çeşitli kimyasal silahların kullanıldığı Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda kanaryalar gaz saldırısının tespiti için kullanıldı. Gazlara karşı çok hassas olan kanaryanın bu özelliği çok işe yaradı. Kafesteki kanaryanın tünekten aniden düşmesinin tek anlamı vardı; Herkes gaz maskesi takmalıydı. Ölen kanarya ise kayıtlara dahi girmedi, kısacası zayi kabul edildi.
Birinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Alman ordusu Wehrmacht 120.000 güvercini askeri amaçla kullandı. Almanlar askere aldıkları güvercinleri çoğu zaman posta güvercini olarak kullandılar. Bazısı ise üzerine yapıştırılan kameralarla düşman bölgelerinin görüntülerini elde etmek için kullanıldı. Birkaç ekmek kırıntısı karşılığında başarı birer hizmetti. Devamını oku “Savaşlar ve Hayvanlar”→
İnsanlar bir dünya rekoru kırabilmek için her türlü tuhaf şeyi yapabiliyorlar.
Dünyanın en büyük pizzası. En uzun tırnak. Dişleriyle bir treni çekebilen adam. En gürültülü rock konseri. Vesaire, vesaire…
Yine de kimsenin kırmak istemeyeceğinden emin olduğum bir dünya rekoru daha var.
Rekoru elinde tutan kişi Poon Lim adlı bir adam. Atlantik okyanusunun güneyinde, bir cankurtaran botunun içinde tam 133 gün boyunca hayatta kalmayı başardı.
Öncelikle Poon hakkında biraz bilgi. Çin’in güney kıyısı açıklarındaki Hainan Adası’nda doğdu. Yirmi beş yaşına geldiğinde, İngiliz Ticaret Filosu’nun yardımcı kamarotu olarak S. S. Benlomond’da çalışmaya başladı. Güney Afrika’daki Cape Town’dan yola çıkıp Güney Amerika’daki Alman Ginesi’ne (Surinam) giden geminin elli beş kişilik ekibinin parçasıydı.
Şu ana kadar anlattıklarımda olağandışı bir şey yok, bütün bunların İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın en civcivli günlerinde geçiyor olması haricinde. Atlantik okyanusu Alman Nazi denizaltıları kaynıyordu. Kaçınılmaz olarak, 23 Kasım 1942 tarihinde, bir denizaltı Benlomond’u Brezilya’nın kuzey kıyısı açıklarında tespit etti ve üzerine bir torpido gönderdi. Devamını oku “Poon Lim”→
Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nin, Japon şehirleri Hiroshima ve Nagasaki’ye atom bombası atmasının ardından İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nın kısa bir sürede sona erdiğini biliyorsunuzdur. Geçenlerde, Amerika’nın o dönemde üzerinde çalıştığı alternatif bir silahtan haberdar oldum. Bu silah, nükleer silahların sebep olduğu can kaybına da yol açmadan Japonların boyun eğmesini sağlayabilecekti. Yarasalardan bahsediyorum. Canlı, nefes alan, memeli yarasalardan.
Sizi göremesem de kafanızın karıştığından eminim.
Savaşı kazanmak için yarasaları kullanma fikri, Lytle S. Adams adlı Pennsylvanialı bir diş doktorunun parlak buluşuydu. Anlayacağınız, Doktor Adams boş zamanlarını bir tür mucit olarak değerlendirirdi. En başarılı icadının savaşı kazanmakla hiçbir ilgisi yoktu. 1930’larda tasarladığı hava posta sistemi, uçakların postayı teslim almak için yere inmesini gereksiz kılmıştı. Ortağı Richard du Pont ile birlikte kurdukları Tri-State Havacılık şirketi, Federal Express’in 1930’lardaki karşılığıydı. Yıllar içinde, Tri-State Havacılık birçok isim değişikliği geçirdi. Sonunda da ismini muhtemelen duymuş olduğunuz dev bir kuruluşa dönüştü: US Airways.
Bir alçaklık olarak tarihe geçmiş olan 7 Aralık 1941 tarihinde, New Mexico’daki Carlsbad Mağaraları’nı ziyaretten dönen Adams, Japonların Pearl Harbor’ı bombaladığını arabasında öğrendi. Doktorun beynindeki sinirler derhal ateşlendi. Tutukluk yaptı demek daha doğru olur aslında. Aklına, Carlsbad Mağaraları’ndaki milyonlarca yarasa gelen doktor, savaşı bu şekilde kazanabilecekleri sonucuna vardı. Devamını oku “Yarasa Bombaları”→Rusya Dışişleri Sözcüsü Mariya Zaharova, Bloomberg’in Çin lideri Şi Cinping’in Rusya Devlet Başkanı Vladimir Putin’i arayarak Olimpiyatlar sırasında ‘Ukrayna’ya saldırmamasını’ rica ettiği yönündeki iddiaları üzerine Telegram kanalından açıklama yaparak, Rusya’nın 4-20 Şubat tarihlerinde yapılacak olan Pekin Kış Olimpiyatları öncesinde ABD ve Ukrayna’dan enformasyon alanında ve askeri alanda kışkırtıcı eylemler beklediğini ifade etti.
Ajansın iddialarının ‘sahte haber değil, ilgili Amerikan istihbarat servislerinin enformasyon alanında özel operasyonu’ olduğuna dikkat çeken Zaharova, sözlerini şöyle sürdürdü:
"O zamanlar Amerikan demokrasisine yürekten inananlar için Tiflis'ten 9-10 Temmuz 2008 tarihli bir haber yayınlıyorum (https://www.vesti.ru/article/2172930). Çin'deki Olimpiyatların başlamasından tam bir ay önce yapılan bir haber. Bir yıl sonra, Avrupa Birliği (AB) tarafından çatışmanın nedenlerinin uluslararası araştırılması için eski BM Gürcistan Temsilcisi Heidi Tagliavini öncülüğünde 2008’de oluşturulan Güney Kafkasya'daki Savaşın Koşullarını Araştırma Uluslararası Komisyonu, 30 Eylül 2009 tarihli raporunda, savaşı başlatan tarafın Gürcistan olduğu kararını verdi. Bu nedenle ABD'den ve onların önderliğindeki Kiev rejiminden hem enformasyon alanında, hem de dışlanamayacak askeri alanda provokasyonlar bekliyoruz. Onlardan her şey beklenebilir, kaldı ki bu konuda zengin deneyime sahipler.”Ay boşverin virüsü, ekmek pişirmeyi de bana bi cevap verin.
Sorum şu ki. İmam nikahı hangi şartlarda düşer? Yada mesela eşler arasında belirli bir süre cinsel münasebet olmazsa nikahı düşer mi? Düşerse ne yapmak gerekir. Kimine göre 3 ay kimine göre 6 ay ilişki olmazsa düşüyor diyor. Kimisi öyle bişi yok düşmez asla diyo. Bilen var mı??August 21, 2012
Typhoon Tembin Forms Fast In Philippines Seen By NASA Satellite
NASA's Terra satellite captured the newest Typhoon in the western North Pacific Ocean, Tembin, as it moves parallel to Luzon, Philippines. Warm waters were the trigger in rapid intensification of the typhoon.
Typhoon Tembin grew from the fifteenth tropical depression over the weekend of August 18-19, and by Monday, August 20 was a powerful typhoon. At 5 a.m. EDT on August 20, forecasters at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center noted that Tembin "rapidly intensified over the past 24 hours" going from a 35-knot (40.2 mph/64.8 kmh) intensity on August 19 at 2 a.m. EDT to 95 knots (109.3 mph/175.9 kmh) on August 20 at 2 a.m. EDT.When NASA's Terra satellite flew over Typhoon Tembin early on August 20, 2012 at 0235 UTC (10:35 a.m. local time Manila, Philippines/Aug. 19 10:35 p.m. EDT) the MODIS instrument (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) captured a visible image of the storm. The 25 nautical-mile-wide (28.7 mile/46.3 km) eye was very clear and cloud free in the visible image.
The Joint Typhoon Warning Center noted that Tembin has maximum sustained winds near 95 knots (109.3 mph/175.9 kmh). At 0900 UTC (5 a.m. EDT/5 p.m. local time, Manila), Tembin was located 320 nm (368.2 miles/592.6 km) northeast of Manila, Philippines, near 18.7 North latitude and 124.9 East longitude. Tembin is moving slowly to the north-northeast at 4 knots (4.6 mph/7.4 kmh). It is expected to track north and then turn west, and head across Taiwan by August 23.
On The Net:博鱼体育NBA：詹姆斯前队友生涯有多坎坷？因养孩子多次乞讨
在詹姆斯身边打球，意味着你的职业生涯将不愁钱花了，JR、香波特、莫兹葛夫都拿到了大合同，如果他们不在勒布朗身边，是绝对无法得到这些的。然而这并不意味着詹姆斯所有的前队友都衣食无忧，在詹姆斯众多的前队友当中也有个异类，那就是德隆蒂-韦斯特。在骑士1.0时期，韦斯特可以说是詹姆斯身边的帮手之一，给小皇帝扔过不少的空接，生涯辗转过凯尔特人、骑士、独行侠，甚至在CBA的福建队打过球。
尽管韦斯特的职业生涯赚了足足有1623.25万美金，可是这近亿的人民币都被韦斯特给弄光了。然而人们眼中的这样一个富翁，却多次流落街头沿街乞讨。而且德隆蒂-韦斯特之前还患有精神疾病，一度被警方给逮捕，不过当时达拉斯独行侠的老板库班担保把他赎了出来，而且还资助他积极康复。韦斯特有一段时间一度得到了BIG3联盟的邀请，为了重回职业联赛，韦斯特前往大学校园里训练。ABD'de, Rus haber ajansı Sputnik'in Beyaz Saray eski muhabiri Andrew Feinberg'in, Federal Soruşturma Bürosu (FBI) yetkilileri tarafından sorgulandığı iddia edildi.
Amerikan Yahoo News haber sitesinde yer alan habere göre, FBI yetkililerinin 1 Eylül'de Andrew Feinberg'i yaklaşık iki saat sorguladığı kaydedildi.
Soruşturmanın, devam eden Rusya soruşturmasıyla doğrudan ilgili olup olmadığının bilinmediği vurgulanan haberde, Feinberg'in, "Amerikan yasalarını ihlal edecek şekilde Rus hükümeti için lobi faaliyetinde bulunup bulunmadığının" araştırıldığı öne sürüldü.
FBI ile görüşmesinin ardından Feinberg'in Sputnik e-postaları da dahil çok sayıda bilgi ve belgeyi içeren bir taşınır belleği yetkililere verdiği de ifade edildi.
ABD Adalet Bakanlığı ve FBI ise konuyla ilgili henüz bir açıklama yapmadı.
Rusya soruşturmasını yürüten özel yetkili savcı Robert Mueller'in ofisi, Feinberg'in geçirdiği soruşturmanın kendi soruşturmalarının bir parçası olduğu yönündeki iddiaları doğrulamadı. Sputnik'in Washington ofisinden Mindia Gavasheli ise Yahoo News'e yaptığı açıklamada olayı "histeri" şeklinde tanımladı.
ABD'de Kongrenin yanı sıra özel yetkili savcı Mueller de "Rusya'nın 8 Kasım 2016'daki Amerikan başkanlık seçimlerine siber saldırı yoluyla müdahale ettiği iddialarını" araştırıyor.
AAرئیس هیئت مدیره و مدیرعامل شرکت فرودگاه ها و ناوبری هوایی ایران گفت: دولت با اصلاح آیین نامه اجرایی قانون وصول بخشی از درآمدهای دولت و مصرف آن در موارد معین موافقت کرده است.
به گزارش تین نیوز، سیاوش امیرمکری پنجم آبان ماه امسال افزود: هیئت وزیران با پیشنهاد وزارت راه و شهرسازی مبنی بر اصلاح «آیین نامه اجرایی ماده (۶۳) قانون وصول بخشی از درآمدهای دولت و مصرف آن در موارد معین» موضوع تعرفه خدمات در پاویون، تعرفه های خدمات ناوبری و فرودگاهی موافقت کرد.
وی با اعلام این خبر به تسنیم، تاکید کرد: به دنبال این موافقت، تعرفه ها در بخش هوانوردی عمومی در فرودگاه های تحت مالکیت شرکت
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After 10 m, they entered a passage some 6 m high and the same wide. Before them, it extended to the SW and obviously increased rapidly in size. They followed this, soon scrambling down over breakdown boulders, as the ceiling rose higher above them; to reach the floor of a passage as large as anything they had seen in the “Old Cave”. Further ahead, the passage grew larger. They carried on, and on, through passages, chambers, the discovery of which must have surpassed their greatest hopes. Above them, and around them, flew thousands of bats, their spectacular home seeing its first human visit. After hundreds of meters, a junction was reached. Enormous passages extended both left and right. To the right, they found more of these grand galleries that eventually led to avens. To the left they eventually reached a series of drops that led into a lower, continuing passage. What they had found this day was a “New Cave”, many times vaster than that which they had entered from, and that still presented opportunities for further exploration. Further work was done on repeat visits, but a close reading of their notes shows that the potential for new discoveries still remains.
Following in the footsteps of the JCC, we began to move ahead along this route. It was soon apparent that the bat numbers in this cave were massive. The sound of them in flight, disturbed by our presence and lights, was like that of a flowing river. I had been deceived by this at Home Away Cave in 2001, and thought that there was indeed a river ahead, but I now knew that this was not water, but bats in great numbers. This great sound of bats would persist for virtually the entire rest of the cave. In total numbers, the bat population in the New Cave far exceeds any that I have seen in other caves. It is comparable in density to the main roosting chamber at Windsor, but covers, at least, 10 times as much area. At Geneva Mountain Cave, at Dolphin Head, the density was greater, but Thatchfield is many times greater in size. Bristol, with most of the bats now eliminated, would not have compared when it was still intact. To date, Thatchfield Great Cave has the greatest numbers of bats that I have seen in a Jamaican cave, by far.
Before I go further, I must note two observations that indicate the possibility of another entrance to the cave, perhaps in the area of the avens. When we were in the crawl to the New Cave, there was a strong inward flow of air. The vast numbers of bats that roost in the New Cave are not flying though the crawl on their way in and out. There is apparently an additional undiscovered way into the New Cave. It is at least large enough for great numbers of bats to fly through. The inward flow of air at the crawl shows that an opening to the surface exists at a higher level than the crawl. At a guess, I’d say it’s at the avens. The JCC made partial ascents of the two avens and were unable to reach the top of either. They encountered steeply sloped flowstone. Flowstone shows that water was entering the cave from above. To push these routes would probably require bolts. This is an issue of etiquette more than anything else. It certainly is inviting… this is a matter that should be well discussed with all concerned before a decision is made.
Soon after the crawl, a gully is seen running through the chambers ahead. In truth, the gully begins before the crawl, but becomes more obvious as one proceeds further into the New Cave. Its route is easily traced the entire way, until it empties its seasonal waters into the series of drops at the west end of the cave. This gully is what remains of the giant river that originally carved out this system. It now flows in a channel of about 1 – 2 m width along the floor of the cave, on an irregular basis. We followed this gully, it offering in many places the best footing, until we reached the great junction where to the right are found the avens, and to the left, the drops. Centered in the middle of this junction is a stalagmite of about 2.5 m height that I flagged as a matter of form rather than necessity. There was not much chance of getting lost in this cave, the JCC map imprinted in my mind, and also printed and stored in a zip lock bag in my pack, but for the sake of appearances I tied a temporary flag on it anyway.
We turned left at this great junction, wanting to reach the verticals, downstream, which is the route that leads to the furthest known point of the cave. The passage began to diminish in height somewhat now. We soon reached what would normally be seen as the end of a distinct chamber, the first such encountered since the crawl. There hung here a spectacular upside-down forest of stalactites, close packed in the hundreds. Passing these to the right, we moved through an opening of 10 m width and 5 height into a passage that again became larger and also much muddier. The dimensions of it were reduced to some 25% of what we had left behind, the elevation steadily lowered, and the waters that reach this point had been gathered into a narrower passage and had deposited deep deposits of mud and silt. We began to run into sections that were tricky to walk through, one’s feet disappearing knee-deep into the mud. A series of 1 – 2 meter drops began and finally ended in a more serious drop of about 10 m, closely followed by another the same. These were the verticals that lead down to the lowest levels of the cave. Unfortunately, time was growing late, and there was no way we could rig this drop, have several of us descend, and return to Entrance 1 by sunset. Ivor and I had a good look to see how we would rig this drop in the future, and then we had to turn back. We will soon return to this point and carry on.
We retraced our route back out, gathering all the flagging tape that had been set on the way in. Seeing this grand passage for the second time, it enabled us to more closely look at the geomorphology of the system. The cross-section of this ancient passage is very particular; it is dome-like until it reaches to about 4 meters above the floor, and then a terrace occurs on both sides, that extends several meters into the passage. Upon this terrace there are many thin stalagmites about 1 – 1.5 m in height. There seems to have been several erosional epochs in the development of the system. The original passage was carved by a large underground river that flowed for a very long time. This was followed by a dry period represented by the terraces which were the floor of the passage. Water flow through the cave then increased again, but not to the original extent. The old, large passage was now carved lower, but by less water and thusly has a narrower cross-section. Upon the terraces, stals formed by percolation from above. Today, a narrow gully runs through it, flowing only during times of heavy rain, but perhaps awaiting another period of increased flow to begin growing again.
Biologically, this cave is of tremendous value. Invertebrates, unfamiliar to us from other caves, were noted but not identified. In particular, a beetle, and a spider, both species previously unobserved by us, (though probably not terribly rare), were present in great numbers.
This cave supplies one of the most important bat roosts on the island. This cannot be overstated.
Surprisingly, the system has not been invaded by American Roaches. This means that our cursory observations of inverts are merely the tip of the iceberg. If there are no, or few, Roaches, and there is an enormous bat population supplying food resources, then there are many more invert species lurking in there than what we observed.
The cave has been protected from the ravages of guano miners by its difficult access. No one taking rat bat dung would enter via the Lighthole. The route in from Entrance 2 is not possible for this activity. The route in from Entrance 1 is too much work. The New Cave, as a result, remains pristine.
My own personal opinion is that this cave is one of the most important on the island. If tourism were to take place, it would do great damage. We cannot recommend too strongly that this cave receive the greatest degree of protection possible.
Our return to Entrance 1 went well, but slowly. Mark Bellinger, with his offer to carry more of the gear and rope than he should of, did yeoman’s duty this day. The birthday gentleman, whose name shall be listed in these notes soon, was a great help in the speedy location of the cave and we are glad that he enjoyed the experience of seeing parts of the system that he didn’t know existed. Sarah McCall was a great help during this visit, and Ivor Conolley was his ever-dependable, observant self. A G Fincham (1997) Jamaica Underground (ISBN 976-640-055-5) The Press – University of the West Indies
Next: Part IV
In the final installment, Part IV, of this series, we will offer suggestions for those who wish to actually visit Jamaican caves. In addition to descriptions and details of Showcaves, the JCO will recommend experienced guides who can be of assistance for those who are very adventurous.Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Acronyms, Wikipedia.
Katar(both: kŭ`tər, gŭ–, kətär`), officially State of Qatar, independent emirate (2016 est. pop. 2,260,000), c.4,400 sq mi (11,400 sq km), E Arabia, coextensive with the Qatar peninsula, which projects into the Persian Gulf. The capital and largest city is DohaDoha
, city (1994 est. pop. 361,500), capital of Qatar, SE Arabia, on the Persian Gulf. Doha was a small fishing and pearling village until oil production in Qatar began in 1949. Since then it has become a modern city, with a deepwater port and an international airport.
..... Click the link for more information. .
Land and People
Qatar is largely barren, flat desert. Water is scarce, and agriculture is minimal. Once a nomadic society, Qatar now has little rural population. Doha, the main urban center, is on the eastern coast of the peninsula. Most native Qataris, who make up about 10% to 15% of the population, are Sunni Arabs of the WahhabiWahhabi
, reform movement in Islam, originating in Arabia; adherents of the movement usually refer to themselves as Muwahhidun [unitarians]. It was founded by Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahab (c.
..... Click the link for more information. sect of Islam. Most of the nonnative population are foreign workers, including South Asians, Iranians, and Palestinians. Overall roughly three fourths of the population are Muslim; there are Christian, Hindu, and other minorities. Arabic is the official language, although English is widely used.
Qatar imports the majority of its food. Agriculture is limited to fruits, vegetables, and livestock, and there is some fishing. Oil and natural gas, the mainstays of the economy, account for roughly 85% of the country's export earnings. Although total oil reserves are somewhat modest in comparison to other Persian Gulf countries, Qatar is one of the largest natural-gas producers in the world. The vast North Field gas reserve, an underwater field northeast of the Qatar peninsula, began production in the 1990s. Natural gas, crude oil, refined petroleum, and petrochemicals are produced, and ammonia, fertilizers, and steel are some of Qatar's developing diversified industries. The country has also become a regional banking center. Native Qataris have one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, but foreign workers have been subject to labor laws that gave their Qatari employers excessive control over foreign employees, often amounting to forced labor, especially in construction industries. Under foreign pressure, labor reforms were enacted in 2016. In addition to petroleum and liquefied natural gas, steel and fertilizer are exported, while machinery, transportation equipment, food, and chemicals are imported. Japan, South Korea, France, and the United States are the major trading partners.
Qatar is a traditional monarchy headed by the emir, who is the head of state. The government is headed by the prime minister, who is appointed by the emir. A new constitution came into force in 2005, providing for a 45-seat consultative council, two thirds of whose members would be elected and one third appointed by the emir, but it has not yet been established. The previous provisional constitution (1972) called for elections to the 35-seat advisory council (Shura), but none were held. Council members, appointed by the ruling family, have had their terms extended since 2005; elections for the new council are slated for 2013. Administratively, the country is divided into ten municipalities.
The area occupied by Qatar has been settled since the Stone Age. After the rise of Islam in the 7th cent. A.D. it became part of the Arab caliphate, and later of the Ottoman EmpireOttoman Empire
, vast state founded in the late 13th cent. by Turkish tribes in Anatolia and ruled by the descendants of Osman I until its dissolution in 1918. Modern Turkey formed only part of the empire, but the terms "Turkey" and "Ottoman Empire" were often used
..... Click the link for more information. . In the late 18th cent. it became subject to Wahhabis from the region of present-day Saudi Arabia; they were later supplanted by the Al Thani dynasty. During the Turkish occupation from 1871 to 1913, senior members of the Al Thani family were named deputy governors; subsequently, Qatar became a British protectorate, with Abdullah bin Jassim al-Thani recognized as emir. In 1971, Qatar became independent of Great Britain. In 1972 the reigning emir, Ahmad bin Ali al-Thani, was deposed by his cousin Khalifa bin Hamad al-ThaniKhalifa bin Hamad al-Thani,
1932–2016, emir of Qatar (1972–95). Khalifa was the son of Hamad bin Abdullah al-Thani, the second emir's heir apparent, but Hamad died (1948) before the emir.
..... Click the link for more information. . He in turn was deposed in June, 1995, by his son and heir, Hamad bin Khalifa al-ThaniHamad bin Khalifa al-Thani,
1952–, emir of Qatar (1995–2013). The son of Emir Khalifa bin Hamad al-Thani, Hamad is credited with having turned a country of desert nomads into a modern, industrialized nation.
..... Click the link for more information. , who as crown prince was credited with having launched a major industrial modernization program.
In 1981, Qatar joined neighboring countries in the formation of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to strengthen economic relations among the participating nations. The country's stability was threatened by the Iran-Iraq WarIran-Iraq War,
1980–88, protracted military conflict between Iran and Iraq. It officially began on Sept. 22, 1980, with an Iraqi land and air invasion of western Iran, although Iraqi spokespersons maintained that Iran had been engaging in artillery attacks on Iraqi towns
..... Click the link for more information. throughout the 1980s. Territorial disputes with Bahrain over the Hawar Islands and gas fields in the separating sea erupted in 1986, and there were armed clashes with Saudi Arabia in 1992 over their common border. These disputes were not completely settled until 2008.
During the Persian Gulf WarPersian Gulf Wars,
two conflicts involving Iraq and U.S.-led coalitions in the late 20th and early 21st cent.
The First Persian Gulf War, also known as the Gulf War, Jan.–Feb.
..... Click the link for more information. (1991), international coalition forces were deployed on Qatari soil. Palestinians were expelled from Qatar in retaliation for the pro-Iraqi stance of the Palestine Liberation OrganizationPalestine Liberation Organization
(PLO), coordinating council for Palestinian organizations, founded (1964) by Egypt and the Arab League and initially controlled by Egypt.
..... Click the link for more information. (PLO), but since the war relations with the Palestinians have returned to normal. After the Persian Gulf War, Iraq was still regarded as a threat to Qatar's oil interests; Qatar signed a defense pact with the United States but also restored relations with Iraq.
Adopting a moderate course of action, Emir Hamad in the late 1990s eased press censorship and sought improved relations with Iran and Israel; his government worked to mediate a number of international conflicts. He also moved steadily to democratize the nation's government and institute elections. In 2003 voters approved a constitution establishing a largely elected advisory council with the power to pass laws, subject to the emir's approval; women have the right to vote and hold office. The constitution was endorsed by the emir in 2004 and came into force in 2005, but the elections for the council, scheduled for 2013, have since been postponed. The Al Udeid air base, in S central Qatar, has been used by the United States military since late 2001, and is the site of the U.S. Combined Air and Space Operations Center. The U.S. Central Command established forward headquarters in Qatar prior to the 2003 invasion of Iraq.
During the Arab SpringArab Spring,
in modern North African and Middle Eastern history, antigovernment demonstrations and uprisings that, from late 2010, swept many of the regions' Arab nations.
..... Click the link for more information. Qatar was supportive of uprisings in Libya, Egypt, and Syria, and was seen as politically allied with Muslim BrotherhoodMuslim Brotherhood,
officially Jamiat al-Ikhwan al-Muslimun [Arab.,=Society of Muslim Brothers], religious and political organization founded (1928) in Egypt by Hasan al-Banna.
..... Click the link for more information. groups in number of Arab nations. Sheikh Hamad abdicated as emir in 2013 and was succeeded by his son Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad al-ThaniTamim bin Hamad al-Thani,
1980–, emir of Qatar (2013–). The fourth son of Emir Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, he became heir apparent when his older brother Jasmin renounced his claim to the throne in 2003.
..... Click the link for more information. ; the father, however, remained a powerful figure behind the scenes. Preparations for the 2022 World Cup, to be hosted by Qatar, threw light on the country'
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anne ve bebeğin sağlığının korunması için dikkat ve özen gerektiren bir dönemdir. Adet benzeri kanamalar gibi durumlar, bazen normal olabilirken bazen de daha ciddi bir sorunun belirtisi olabilir. Bu nedenle, hamilelik sürecindeki değişiklikleri dikkatle takip etmek ve doktorunuzla iletişim halinde olmak önemlidir.
Sağlıklı bir hamilelik geçirmek için düzenli kontrolleri takip etmek, sağlıklı beslenmek, uygun egzersiz yapmak ve stresten uzak durmak önemlidir. Kendinize iyi bakın ve sağlık uzmanınızın yönlendirmelerini dikkate alarak hamilelik sürecini en iyi şekilde yönetin.If you are in need of a new heating system, this time of year offers you the perfect window for a new heating installation in Hartford, CT. There are a lot of choices available to homeowners, and one system you may want to consider is a geothermal system. Geothermal systems offer some benefits other systems cannot, including the ability to both heat and cool your home. The installation of a geothermal system has to be handled with a specific level of knowledge and expertise, so it’s important to hire trained professionals, like the ones at Dynamic Mechanical Heating & Air Conditioning.
How Does a Geothermal System Work?
A geothermal system harnesses the natural thermal temperature of the Earth below the frost line to both heat and cool your home. Many people don’t know this, but below the frost line, the ground stays a steady temperature year-round, no matter the location; this temperature is between 55-61 degrees. During the winter, the liquid in the ground loop absorbs the heat of the ground and transfers it to the heat exchanger in the indoor heat pump, where heat is then transferred into your home. During the summer, heat is removed from your home and “sunk” back into the ground surrounding the ground loop. The reversing valve on the heat pump allows the system to both heat and cool.
What Are the Components of a Geothermal System?
There are three main components to a geothermal system: the ground loop, the heat pump (usually indoors) and the air delivery system (either ductwork or indoor blowers).
What Are the Benefits of a Geothermal System?
There are several great benefits of a geothermal system worth considering:
- Extremely energy efficient – geothermal systems are very energy efficient. According to Energy.gov, a geothermal system reaches efficiency levels of 300-400% on the coldest winter nights.
- Very green – geothermal systems do not use any fossil fuels at all, and the heat pump uses a fraction of the electricity of a traditional HVAC system.
- Very even heating and cooling – geothermal systems provide a continuous, low energy supply of air, which helps keep the heating or cooling distribution in your home even.
- Good humidity control – as with above, the lower cycling of a geothermal system keeps humidity levels in your home well-balanced.
- Long lifespan – the average lifespan of a geothermal ground loop is 25-50 years, and the lifespan of the heat pump is 20-25 years.
A geothermal system can provide incredible energy efficiency, heat and cooling, and comfort for your home for years to come. If you are considering a geothermal system for your new heating installation in Hartford, CT call Dynamic Mechanical Heating & Air Conditioning today and schedule an appointment with one of our experts.İmparatoriçe Ki nin Gerçek Hikayesi - Empress Ki Tarihte Kimdir
İmparatoriçe Ki Kimdir Tarihte
Tarihte İmparatoriçe Ki adıyla bilinen ve 13. Yüzyılda Cengiz Han’ın Çin’de kurduğu Yuan Hanedanlığına cariye olarak gönderildikten sonra Togon Kağan'ın eşi olarak Çin’i 37 yıl demir yumrukla yönetmiş Ki-Sung Nyong demir leydi lakaplı Çin İmparatoriçesidir.
İmparatoriçe Ki yani asıl adı Ki-Sung Nyong (1315-1369) aslen Kore yarımadasında Goryeo’nun (Koryo) aristokrat ailelerinden birine mensuptu. Babası kayıp olup zor bir çocukluk geçirdikten sonra Yuan İmparatorluğuna Togon Kağan’a cariye olarak gönderilir. Goryeo yani Kore, Moğollar tarafından istila edildiğinden, her yıl belirli sayıda genç kızı sarayda hizmet etmesi için göndermek zorundaydı. İşte tarihe İmparatoriçe Ki (yada İmparatoriçe Gi) adıyla geçecek olan Ki-Sung Nyong, Koyro Krallığı tarafından Yuan hanedanlığına 1320 yılların sonlarında bu şekilde gelmişti. Cengiz Han Çin’i fethedip ülkenin başına Kubilay Han’ı bırakır. Daha sonra sırayla Yuan hanedanın başına Cengiz’in torunları sırayla geçmeye başlamıştır. 14. Yüzyıla gelindiğinden ise Cengiz Han’ın torununun torunlarından Togoy Han (Togay Kaan) 1333 yılında başa geçer.
Toğan Kağan, (Toghon Temür yada Togon Timur) Çin’deki Moğol İmparatorluğunun son Kağanı olarak bilinmektedir. Soyunun ismi Börçigin’dir. Toğan Timur (Toğan Kağan 1320-1370) Babası Ksala öldükten sonra sürgüne gönderilmiştir. Üvey kardeşi ilk olarak Yuan hanedanı imparatoru olsa da tahtı fiili olarak El Temur elinde tutuyordu. El Temür, tahta Toğan Kağan’ın kuzeni El Tegüs’ü geçirmek ister. Ancak Togoy Timur 1333 yılında El Temür’un ölümünün ardından tahta çıkar. Aynı yıl El Temür’un oğlu Tang Ki-se isyan çıkarsa da Toğan Kağan bu isyanı bastırıp ülke içinde temizlik yapmıştır. 1333 yılında Toğan Kağan hayatının aşkı, sonradan imparatoriçe olacak Ki-Sung Nyong ile tanışır. Ona duyduğu aşk öyle büyüktür ki Moğol hanedanların da ikinci eş alım standartlarına aykırı olsa da Kore asıllı güzel Ki-Sung Nyong’u karısı yapar. (1340)
Toğan Kağan 13 yaşında İmparator olmuş ve devlet işleri ile pek ilgilenmemiştir. Onun yerine devlet yönetimi Bayan isimli yöneticide olmuştur. Bayan, Moğollar’ın Çin kültürü içerisinde kaybolmasını istemediğinden baskıcı ve ırkçı bir politika izlemiş, bu yönetim şekli Yuan Hanedanı hükümdarlığının bozulmasına sebep olmuştur. Bayan’ın kötü yönetiminin üzerine 1339 yılında görevden alınıp uygulamalarından vazgeçilse de kapanmayan yaralar oluşmuştur.
Bu tarihten itibaren ülkede isyanlar ve huzursuzluk başlar. Ülkede tuz ticareti Hanedanın elindeydi. Bundan rahatsız olan yasa dışı tuz tüccarları, 1348 yılında Yuan İmparatorluğunun pek çok bölgesinde isyana başlar. Artan huzursuzluklarla birlikte 1351 yılında Kızıl Türban İsyanına (yada Kızıl Türkistan isyanı) dönüşmüştür. Yuan hanedanına karşı başlatılan bu isyan sonucunda Çin’de Yuan hanedanı dönemi bitmiş ve Ming Hanedanı yönetimi devraldıktan sonra Zhu Yuanzhang’ı kendilerine önder seçmişlerdir.
Kızıl Türban isyanı döneminde ve hanedanın içerinde yaşanan çekişmelerde İmparatoriçe Ki güçlenmeye başlamıştır. İlk başlarda Moğol Noyanları Kore asıllı Ki-Sung Nyong’u ve ondan doğacak varisi kabul etmek istemeseler de İmparatoriçe Gi, Togoy Kaan’ın varisi Biligtü Kaan’ı dünyaya getirir ve kabul ettirir.(1338)
1353 yılında Lady Ki, kocası Togay’a yerine bir varis seçmesi için baskı yapar ve Biligtü Kaan varis seçilir. Hatta Biligtü Kağan hanedan sarayı içerisinde, Budist rahipler ile hadım ağalarının güçlenmesinden korktuğu için babasına karşı bir darbe girişiminde bulunsa da başaramaz. Biligtü Kağan, Yuan hanedanının devrilmesinin ardından 1372 yılında Moğolistan’a giderek Moğol Kağan'ı olmuştur.
Nihayetinde Toğan Kağan 1365 yılında, hayatının aşkı Empress Ki’yi saltanat varisi yani kendisinden sonra tahta geçecek kişi olarak ilan eder. Böylelikle tarihe İmparatoriçe Ki olarak geçen Ki-Sung Nyong, Temür Kağan’ın 1333 yılında karısı olmasından, öldüğü 1370 yılına kadar ülkenin yönetiminde 37 yıl süreyle fiili olarak bulunmuştur. İmparatoriçe Ki taht varisi oğlunu dünyaya getirdikten sonra Yuan hanedanı sarayı içerisinde entrikalar, zehirlemeler ve ihtiras dolu bir mücadeleyle geçen hayatı olmuştur. Empress Ki' nin gerçek hikayesi aslında zorluklar karşısında yılmamış bir İmparatoriçe olarak görülmektedir. İmparatoriçe Ki popüler kültürde Empress Ki adıyla 2013 yılında Kore dizisi olarak hayatı anlatılmış olup Togay Timur, Huizong ismiyle dizide geçmektedir.
1368 yılında Zhu Yuanzhang’ın başkenti ele geçirmeye başlaması ile Togay Kağan, Orta Asya içlerine kaçmış ve Yuan hanedanı yıkılmıştır.
İmparatoriçe Ki nin Gerçek Hikayesi - Empress Ki Tarihte Kimdir Reviewed by Tarihi Gerçekler ve Komplo Teorileri on 12:36 Rating:The source of climate-active organic aerosol particles has been discovered by researchers. These particles are extremely low-volatile organic compounds consisting of relatively large molecules which contain an almost equal number of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms.
The scientists present a plausible explanation supported by numerous experimental findings of how these vapours are formed almost immediately when plant emissions (e.g. monoterpenes) are released into the air.
The vapours can then condense on small aerosol particles (starting from clusters of only a few nanometres in diameter) suspended in the air, causing them to grow to around 100 nanometres - at which size they can reflect incoming sunlight and act as condensation nuclei for cloud formation in the atmosphere.
The researchers' findings have bridged a major gap in knowledge in atmospheric and climate research.
"Thanks to our much improved understanding of the role that naturally occurring substances in the atmosphere play in the formation of organic aerosol particles, we will in future be able to make more reliable assessments of their impact on cloud formation and sunlight scattering, and thus on climate," Dr. Thomas F. Mentel from Julich's Institute of Energy and Climate Research- Troposphere, said.
The study was published in the journal Nature.یوونتوس 1-0 اینتر: هدیه بزرگ برای آقای رئیس
یوونتوس در حساس ترین دیدار این هفته سری آ موفق شد با نتیجه 1-0 اینتر را شکست داده و فاصله اش در صدر جدول با دیگر مدعیان را افزایش بدهد.
به گزارش "ورزش سه"، شاگردان مکس آلگری که در رقابت های این فصل سری آ تنها در یک دیدار با تساوی متوقف شده بودند، موفق شدند امشب به چهاردهمین پیروزی شان برسند و یک هدیه تولد خوب به آندره آ آنیلی، رئیس باشگاه، بدهند.
دو تیم بازی را متعادل آغاز کردند و در دقایق ابتدایی بازی بیشتر در میانه زمین در جریان بود اما یوونتوسی ها خیلی زود ابتکار عمل را در دست گرفتند و در دقیقه 8، حرکت خوب کریس رونالدو و ارسال او، می توانست با ضربه سر پائولو دیبالا به گل اول بازی تبدیل شود اما توپ از بالای دروازه اینتر به بیرون رفت.
دو دقیقه بعد یوونتوسی ها صاحب یک موقعیت خوب دیگر شدند اما این بار هم ضربه دیبالا با واکنش سمیر هاندانوویچ به بیرون رفت.
در حالی که تیم میزبان همچنان ابتکار عمل را در دست گرفت، در دقیقه 17 اینتر صاحب یک موقعیت خوب شد اما حضور به موقع جورجو کیه لینی، مانع از این شد که مائورو ایکاردی، ارسال ایوان پریشیچ را تبدیل به گل کند.
در ادامه بازی متعادل تر شد و اینتری ها هم موقعیت های نصفه و نیمه ای روی دروازه یووه ایجاد کردند تا اینکه در دقیقه 30 تا آستانه باز کردن دروازه میزبان پیش رفتند اما ضربه گالیاردینی بعد از عبور از وویژک شزنی، به تیر دروازه برخورد کرد و در نهایت توسط دروازه بان یووه مهار شد تا بهترین موقعیت اینتر از دست برود.
پس از این بازی برای دقایقی از تب و تاب افتاد، یوونتوسی ها بین دقایق 35 تا 40، صاحب یه موقعیت خوب شدند اما واکنش های خوب هاندانوویچ مانع از گلزنی بازیکنان یووه شد.
در دقایق پایانی این نیمه هم اتفاقی رخ نداد و در نهایت دو تیم با تساوی بدون گل به رختکن رفتند.
در نیمه دوم اینتر شروع بهتری داشت و اشتباه بلیز ماتوئیدی، یک موقعیت خوب را در دقیقه 47 نصیب پولیتانو کرد اما او نتوانست از این فرصت استفاده کند.
برتری اینتری ها در دقایق ابتدایی ادامه داشت اما پس از سپری شدن این دقایق، بازیکنان میزبان توپ و میدان را در اختیار گرفتند و یکی دو موقعیت نصفه و نیمه روی دروازه هاندانوویچ ایجاد کردند اما در گلزنی توفیقی نداشتند.
بازی با همین روند ادامه داشت و بازیکنان یوونتوس که تیم برتر میدان بودند، سرانجام در دقیقه 66 به گل رسیدند. پاس بلند ماتوئیدی، پشت مدافعان اینتر به ژوائو کانسلو رسید و ارسال او به دهانه دروازه اینتر را ماریو مانژوکیچ با ضربه سر تبدیل به گل کرد.
بعد از این گل، اسپالتی که دیگر چیزی برای از دست دادن نداشت، با فرستادن کیتا بالده و لائوتارو مارتینز، تلاش کرد تا جان تازه ای به حملات تیمش بدهد. اما باز هم این یوونتوسی ها بودند که بیشتر توپ و میدان را در اختیار داشتند و اگرچه موقعیت چندان خطرناکی روی دروازه اینتر ایجاد نشد اما اجازه ایجاد خطر روی دروازه خودی را هم گرفتند.
در دقایق پایانی بازی تا اندازه ای به خشونت کشیده شد اما در نهایت توپ دیگری از خط دروازه ها عبور نکرد و بازی با همان یک گل به سود یووه به پایان رسید.Evitare rifiuti
Le tazze riutilizzabili sono più ecologiche delle tazze usa e getta
Miliardi di tazze riutilizzabili invadono le città, un vero spreco di risorse. È chiaro che ai clienti finali manca una valida offerta di soluzioni riutilizzabili. Sempre più città e fornitori di soluzioni iniziano ad affrontare questo vuoto.
Sulla tematica dei rifiuti e su come evitarne la produzione, gli utilizzatori sono sensibilizzati. Visto l'incredibile numero di tazze riutilizzabili che vengono usate anno per anno in Germania, anche Michael Andresen ritiene che la pressione sia ormai così alta da rendere imminenti dei cambiamenti: "L'anno prossimo vedremo che l'offerta e la richiesta di una soluzione per le tazze riutilizzabili nel settore del Coffee-to-go giungeranno a un risultato. Se le soluzioni di tazze riutilizzabili vengono sviluppate in maniera corretta, gli utilizzatori non faranno a meno di usarle."
Il fondatore e titolare dell'azienda tedesca "cup&more – Logistica di riutilizzabili Andresen" sa di cosa sta parlando. Come fornitore di servizi nel settore della logistica di prodotti riutilizzabili nel settore del Non-Food-Catering si era candidato anche lui fra l'altro per i campionati mondiali di calcio a Stoccarda, dove lavò 1,5 milioni di tazze riutilizzabili. Inoltre, Andresen ha già presentato un concetto di come potrebbe essere la soluzione per le tazze riutilizzabili per i panifici.
Il concetto prevede due procedure: i panifici possono offrire ai loro clienti una tazza con cauzione oppure vendere loro la loro "tazza preferita". "Naturalmente comprendo i timori in fatto di igiene, se il cliente porge la sua tazza da caffè per farsela riempire", afferma Michael Andresen. Ma i timori sono sfumati. Il riempimento di tazze al bancone del bar è permesso. Michael Andresen ha già dato risposta ai quesiti ancora irrisolti come quello di come compensare la cauzione, del riacquisto, del lavaggio centralizzato, ecc. sviluppando valide soluzioni. "Volentieri assistiamo nel Point of Sale i panifici interessati con sistemi di stoviglie riutilizzabili, consulenza e coaching con un sistema di controlling per il calcolo centralizzato della cauzione, con il nostro pool di idee e con la disponibilità a trasferire il nostro know-how." Che lui e il suo team ne siano capaci è dimostrato dal fatto che la sua azienda era nominata nel 2017 per un premio sulla sostenibilità.
Ormai, cup&more tratta anche a livello comunale: "Di solito è l'ufficio addetto ai rifiuti che mette in moto il meccanismo. La raccolta delle tazze gettate via e il loro smaltimento costa molti soldi." Effettivamente, alcuni comuni hanno la loro propria tazza, come ad esempio la città di Friburgo. Qui è possibile acquistare la "Tazza di Friburgo". Quattro mesi dopo l'introduzione della cauzione sulle tazze da caffè, l'ufficio rifiuti e l'azienda dei netturbini hanno tirato insieme all'amministrazione cittadina una somma positiva: a settembre 2018 circolavano 27.000 tazze, mentre dagli iniziali 14 caffè e filiali di panifici che hanno partecipato al progetto si è passati agli attu
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recipes, a spice powder called Rasam powder and a few tablespoons of steamed lentils is also used.
- The rasam in Tamil Nadu is different in taste, texture and flavour from the saaru in Karnataka or the chaaru in Andhra Pradesh.
- It is known for its medicinal effects as an appetizer and a digestive beverage due to the use of tamarind as its base. It is a good antidote for common cough and cold, lack of appetite, headache and tastelessness in the mouth due to fever or digestive problems.
Ingredients of rasam: Steamed lentils(optional), tempering spices, vegetables, tamarind extract, black pepper, red chilli powder, garlic, coriander leaves, turmeric, asafoetida, rock salt, rasam powder, water and curry leaves.
Rasam varieties: Rasam with rasam powder, Mysore rasam, Black pepper-cumin rasam, Tomato rasam, Fruit rasam-pine apple, apple and orange, Tamarind rasam, drumstick rasam, Ginger-garlic rasam, Ulava chaaru or horse gram rasam, majjiga charu or buttermilk rasam, gottu or instant rasam etc.
c. Kuzhambu or Kulambu
Cuisine: Tamil Nadu
- Kuzhambu is a stew of vegetables and tamarind extract without lentils as a base. Tamarind and fenugreek seeds are the distinct ingredients in a Kuzhambu as they pair well.
- The consistency lies between lentil based stews and rasam that means thinner than lentil based stews and thicker than rasam.
- The name of a Kuzhambu dish is as per the main ingredient that is used in that dish and there are more than 20 varieties of Kuzhambus in Tamil cuisine.
- Milagu or Black pepper Kuzhambu
- Kara Kuzhambu or vegetables-shallots, ladies finger, brinjal, drum sticks Kuzhambu
- Mor or buttermilk Kuzhambu
- Poondu or garlic Kuzhambu
- Thakkali or tomato Kuzhambu
- Mambazha or mango Kuzhambu
- Paruppu undrai or lentil balls Kuzhambu
- Varutha or dried turkey berry Kuzhambu
Cuisine: Andhra Pradesh
- Pulusu is also a vegetable stew that has tamarind extract as a distinct ingredient.
- It is similar to Kuzhambu but varies slightly in the cooking process and ingredients.
- The consistency is thin like rasam.
- There are vegetarian and non-vegetarian pulusu in Andhra cuisine.
Ingredients: Tamarind extract, tomatoes, mangoes, chillies, onions, vegetables like ladies finger, brinjal, colocasia, yam, etc., jaggery, tempering spices, fish, chicken, and eggs.
- Bendakaya or ladies finger pulusu
- Dappalam or pumpkin, ash gourd pulusu
- Kalagura or mukkala pulusu or mixed vegetable pulusu
- Vatti pulusu or onion pulusu
- Vankaya or brinjal pulusu
- Pachi pulusu or uncooked pulusu
- Kodi guddu or egg pulusu
- Kodi or chicken pulusu
- Chepala or fish pulusu
e. Coconut based stews
- Kerala stews are mainly coconut-based, using freshly grated coconut and coconut milk. They are the best side dish for appam and rice.
- Non-vegetarian and vegetable stews are present in Kerala cuisine.
Ingredients: Vegetables like drum sticks, raw banana, beans, carrot, pumpkin, ash gourd, potato, ivy gourd, yam and snake gourd, shallots, green chillis, ginger, curry leaves, cardamom, cinnamon, cloves, black pepper, coconut oil and coconut milk.
- Malabar Ishtu or potato stew
- Kappa or tapioca or cassava stew
- Chicken Ishtu
- Mutton Ishtu
- Mappas or chicken stew
- Meen molee or fish stew
- Nadan beef stew or Kerala beef stew
Enjoy your breakfast and meals with different South Indian stews.
© 2021 Mallika Lotus
Mallika Lotus (author) from Hyderabad, India on May 25, 2021:
Thank you @Rozlin and Mr Bhatt.
Rozlin from UAE on May 24, 2021:
What a wonderful compilation of stews, Mallika. My favorite stew is sambhar. Thanks for sharing a hub on delicious South Indian stews. Have a good day
Umesh Chandra Bhatt from Kharghar, Navi Mumbai, India on May 24, 2021:Eggs are one of the healthiest foods you can consume as they can provide numerous benefits for your health since they are high in important minerals and vitamins.
Here are some of the most important health benefits of eggs:
Eggs are rich in choline, as one large egg can provide 35 % of the daily choline needs. This important nutrient promotes brain health, as well as other nutrients which can delay Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
According to a study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition which was conducted on 1,391 volunteers aging from 36 to 83, the elevated levels of dietary choline is related to improved cognitive function, as well as verbal and visual memory.
Also, a British Journal of Nutrition study which included over 2,000 adults in their 70s showed that increased choline leads to improved performances on cognitive tests of cognition, sensory motor speed, perception speed, and executive function.
Prevent Breast Cancer and Heart Disease
The Department of Nutrition at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill conducted a study which discovered that choline is also beneficial for the health of the heart, and may prevent breast cancer.
These findings were published in the November 2009 edition of the Nutrition Reviews journal and provided evidence for the positive effects of the consumption of eggs.
Even though some people are afraid of the high content of fat on eggs, eggs can actually aid in the weight loss process. Eggs are one of the best foods which help in burning belly fat, and they can help you lose 88 pounds annually.
The Journal of the American College of Nutrition published a study which showed that individuals who consume protein-rich eggs for breakfast could control their cravings for food more while trying to lose weight, as they provide satiety. Also, this group ate fewer calories during the day.
Bone and Muscle Strength
Eggs are one of the rare natural sources of vitamin D, which in combination with calcium, strengthens the bones and prevents osteoporosis.
Eggs have proteins which are balanced and perfect for building strong muscles, and they renew the tissue of the muscles and boost muscle mass.
Great for Your Eye Health
Egg yolks contain mighty antioxidants, lutein and zeaxanthin, both of which protect vision and provide optimal eye health. They are associated with a decreased risk of macular degeneration and cataracts, known as the major contributors to blindness and vision impairment in elderly.
According to a study that was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, participants who ate 1.3 egg yolks every day for a month had their zeaxanthin and lutein blood levels increased by 114-142% and 28-50% respectively.Ünlü Formula 1 pilotu ve Lauda Havayolları’nın kurucusu olan Avustralyalı Niki Lauda hayatını kaybetti.
Ailesi tarafından yapılan açıklamada, 70 yaşındaki Lauda’nın pazartesi günü huzur içerisinde hayatını kaybettiği belirtildi.
Motor sporlarının en tanınmış isimleri arasında yer alan Lauda, Ferrari ile 1975 ve 1977’de, McLaren ile 1984’te Formula 1 şampiyonluğu yaşadı.
Lauda, F1 kariyerinden sonra havacılık sektörüne yönelmiş ve ilk olarak Lauda Air’i kurarak sektöre girmişti.
Sonrasına havayolu şirketini Avusturya Havayolları’na satan Lauda, son olarak ise Laudamotion Havayolları’nı kurarak tekrardan havacılık sektöründe adından söz ettirmişti.4 Regole Alimentari Aumentare la Massa Muscolare, Bruciare Grasso e Alzare il Testosterone
Se il vostro scopo è quello di costruire massa muscolare, bruciare il grasso corporeo e aumentare il testosterone, vi consigliamo di seguire le seguenti quattro regole:
Mangiare la Giusta Quantità di Grassi
Le diete a basso contenuto di grassi non vi consentiranno di ottenere risultati - in realtà, possono fare il contrario. Le diete a basso contenuto di grassi hanno dimostrato di far ottenere un girovita più grande e meno massa magra rispetto alle diete con una percentuale più elevata di proteine e grassi. Il grasso è un fattore critico quando si tratta di produzione di ormoni. Infatti, gli uomini che seguono diete con più alte percentuali di grasso hanno livelli più elevati di testosterone libero rispetto ai loro omologhi che seguono diete a basso tenore di grassi. Il testosterone è l'ormone maschile chiave per la costruzione muscolare, la forza e anche per bruciare grasso. Quindi, se il vostro obiettivo è quello di perdere grasso corporeo e di aumentare la massa muscolare, è necessario assicurarsi di ottenere un'adeguata quantità di grassi nella vostra dieta. La vostra scelta dovrebbe ricadere tra i grassi con la maggior quantità di grassi monoinsaturi o grassi polinsaturi come quello presente nei pesci grassi come salmone e tonno, avocado, noci, anacardi, uova intere e semi di zucca.
Mangiare Una Quantità Di Cibo Adeguata Alle Calorie Bruciate
La maggior parte dei ragazzi pensa di aver bisogno di seguire una dieta ipocalorica (a basse calorie) per lunghi periodi di tempo per poter ottenere i risultati a cui ambiscono come muscoli e definizione. Ma questo è semplicemente sbagliato. Se vi state allenando duramente in palestra e quindi state bruciando molte calorie, dovete mangiare per ricostituire i muscoli e aiutarli a recuperare. Infatti, le diete a basso contenuto calorico seguite per lunghi periodi di tempo hanno dimostrato di aumentare il cortisolo catabolico - l'ormone che scompone il muscolo. In questo modo, non ottenendo abbastanza calorie si potrebbe finire per favorire l'accumulo di grasso invece di dimagrire e perdere massa muscolare. La ricerca ha anche dimostrato che seguire diete a basso contenuto calorico per periodi prolungati provocherebbe un rallentamento metabolico e un aumento di peso rispetto alla perdita di peso raggiunta attraverso una restrizione più moderata con l'assunzione di maggiori calorie. Anche se è vero che è necessario mangiare meno e allenarsi di più per creare un deficit energetico finalizzato alla perdita di peso, mangiare troppo poche calorie e allenarsi troppo può provocare più danno che benefici. L'obiettivo è di un creare un deficit di circa 300/500 calorie al giorno, che può essere raggiunto con meno calorie e più allenamento, ma calcolate bene quello che spendete!
I Giusti Macronutrienti
Se volete davvero vedere la differenza nel vostro fisico, bisogna mettere in cima ai vostri nutrienti i carboidrati poi le proteine e i grassi. I carboidrati servono in molte funzioni per il rilascio di ormoni che servono per la costruzione muscolare. Le proteine sono i mattoni del muscolo, e quando se ne mangiano abbastanza, non solo riescono a mantenervi più asciutti, ma metterete su anche più massa muscolare! Ci sono molte prove che dimostrano che seguire una dieta ad alta percentuale di proteine produce un cambiamento nella composizione corporea con maggiore massa magra e meno massa grassa, unitamente ad ad una maggiore perdita di peso. Uno studio ha dimostrato che gli atleti che hanno consumato fino a 2,6 g di proteine per chilogrammo di peso corporeo al giorno hanno mantenuto la maggior parte della loro massa muscolare magra durante un periodo di dieta restrittiva e con l'allenamento pesi, oltre che a perdere grasso corporeo. Un obiettivo potrebbe essere quello di ottenere dalla vostra dieta circa da circa 1 a 2 g di proteine per kg di peso corporeo giornaliero ( a seconda del vostro obiettivo e fase di allenamento).
Non Seguire Un Regime Calorico Ristretto Per Lunghi Periodi Di Tempo
Non state a "dieta" per lunghi periodi di tempo. Con la parola dieta intendiamo attenersi ad un piano alimentare a basso contenuto calorico che non fornisce i macronutrienti necessari al vostro corpo per poter recuperare e rimanere metabolico. Tuttavia, come appena discusso, seguire per un lungo periodo una dieta restrittiva può provocare un rallentamento metabolico. Quindi cambiare i rapporti calorici ogni poche settimane per causare un salto del metabolismo.
Riferimenti:
Hemmingsson E, et al. Effects of anti-obesity drugs, diet and exercise on weight-loss maintenance after a very low calorie diet or low calorie diet: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 2013.
Helms E, et al. A systematic review of dietary protein during caloric restriction in resistance trained lean athletes: a case for higher intakes. Int J of Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2014. 24: 127-38.
Tomiyama AJ, et al. Low Calorie Dieting Increases Cortisol. Psychosom Med. 2010. 72(4): 357-64.
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Primo di un'articolo diviso in due parti, progettato per aiutare i principianti che stanno iniziando ad imparare come costruire massa muscolare. Conoscere quante calorie si ha bisogno.Quindi, iniziamo a lavorare con il BMR ( metabolismo basale ) più le calorie che usiamo per la nostra attività fisica, poi aggiungiamo il 10% per il TEF (effetto termico del cibo).
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Avere un buon Maestro per i propri allenamenti vuol dire evitare una serie di errori e perdite di tempo che tarderebbero l'arrivo dei risultati sperati. Infatti, nel mondo del fitness e dell'allenamento in generale e come nella vita il fallimento è alla base del processo di apprendimento: è impossibile apprendere bene una cosa senza prima averla affrontata in tutte le sue forme incluse quelle più dolorose.
Come Allenare Tutto il Corpo in Solo 30 Minuti per una Definizione da Urlo
Le routine in fullbody sono dure, durissime ma hanno dimostrato di bruciare più grasso corporeo rispetto alle routine dove il corpo é diviso in varie parti. Questi allenamenti in set giganti per tutto il corpo, possono essere eseguiti in qualsiasi luogo, a seconda degli attrezzi a disposizione, con una frequenza settimanale minima di 3 giorni sino ad un massimo di 5 giorni a settimana.Vienna, Austria, March 7, 2013 / B3C newswire / - The European Medicines Agency recently awarded the Austrian biotech company Activartis an Orphan Drug Designation for its innovative Cancer Immune Therapy AV0113. The Orphan Drug Designation applies specifically to the use of AV0113 for the treatment of glioma, a type of brain tumour, which afflicts around one in 10.000 people in the EU. The term Orphan Disease refers to rare diseases which do not attract much interest in the way of research and development and thus for which there are no appropriate treatments available.
Activartis’ AV0113 Cancer Immune Therapy can basically be used to fight every type of cancer. The therapeutic technology is based on a patented procedure in which a cancer patient’s immune system is primed to fight the tumour and eventually control its growth. This is based on the use of Dendritic Cells, the key regulatory elements of the immune system, that are just as the tumour tissue derived from the patient.
Active cancer immune therapy based on Dendritic Cells
AV0113 activates the patient’s immune system, with tumour cells being identified on the basis of their antigens and destroyed. The therapy makes use of elements and mechanisms of the immune system and gets to work where these fail. As tumour cells are the body’s own tissue, the immune system normally doesn’t identify them as dangerous. Activartis’ AV0113 Cancer Immune Therapy “tricks” Dendritic Cells, and consequently a cancer patient’s immune system, into doing the right thing, i.e. to perceive the tumour as a threat and to trigger adequate defence mechanisms.
The Dendritic Cells are charged with tumour-derived antigens, determinants that distinguish a tumour cell from a normal cell. These antigens are processed by the Dendritic Cell and shuttled to the cell surface in order to present them to T-cells. This, however, is not sufficient to prime an immune response against the tumour antigens. The “trick” referred to above is contacting Dendritic Cells with a microbial danger signal. Certain molecules, that are present in microorganisms but not in higher organisms signal the Dendritic Cell the presence of a microorganism in its surroundings and hence danger to the organism.
As tumour cells originate from a cancer patient’s normal cells, they do not provide such danger molecules for recognition by the Dendritic Cell. The critical and unique part of Activartis’ AV0113 technology is exposing tumour antigen-charged Dendritic Cells to one of these danger molecules: Lipopolysaccharides, the bacterial endotoxins. This causes the Dendritic Cell to assume a potently immune stimulatory and pro-inflammatory mode of action. Upon returning these Dendritic Cells to the patient they activate tumour-specific T-cells, most importantly the so-called Cytotoxic T-cells, which become enabled to recognise and destroy tumour cells.
EMA: First proof of efficacy expected
In order to award an orphan drug designation, the EMA requires preliminary indications that the medicine concerned may be effective – but yet not any definitive proof. Activartis has now been able to provide such indications in the case of patients with a particularly aggressive type of glioma, Glioblastoma multiforme. Every year about 50.000 people around the world are diagnosed with this aggressive type of brain tumour. Patients afflicted by Glioblastoma do not live much longer than one year on average. More than 90% of patients die within a five-year period. The classic forms of cancer therapy – surgery, irradiation and chemotherapy – only extend the lives of patients by a few months.
The director of the team that developed this new form of Cancer Immune Therapy, Thomas Felzmann, who is now CEO of Activartis, says: “Acquiring orphan drug designation is an important milestone
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夏即将到期，皇马尚未同意与否与其续约。
即便至明年夏天，卡瓦略便并令未满34岁了。不过卡瓦略并不缺少追求者，据《阿斯报》透漏，土耳其豪门费内巴切便为他送出了790万欧元的报价。
在去年夏天皇马全面收购卡瓦略时，便为其花掉了800万欧元。如果崭新战舰愿在冬季出售卡瓦略的话，白衣军团并令基本归还在他身上的投资。
考虑到卡瓦略明夏有可能民主自由引援离队，皇马确实存有冬季并令其清仓的可能性。 在这个冬天，皇马基本确认可以丧失一名中卫。
瓦拉内和佩佩的存有，使卡瓦略和阿尔比奥尔的出场机会都会被放大。卡瓦略有可能因年龄问题被出售，阿尔比奥尔亦须要多打比赛以集训欧洲杯。
阿尔比奥尔此前已明晰表态，他可以在12月份同意自己的未来。如果穆里尼奥挑选遗留下卡瓦略的话，阿尔比奥尔便相当有可能加盟马拉加。 由于擅自返回国家队集训营，并且侮辱主帅本塞，卡瓦略被国家队禁赛1年，他并令无缘明夏的欧洲杯。
日前卡瓦略表态“搞好了重回葡萄牙队的准备工作”，葡萄牙足协主席马代尔还表明并令为他网开一面：“如果主教练和足协官员普遍认可的话，我指出禁赛可以换一种更加保守的方式。卡瓦略为葡萄牙队贡献了很多，我很讨厌他，讨厌他的性格和谦虚。谁不能期望具有卡瓦略这种球员呢?他就是世界上最差的中卫之一。”除非卡瓦略禁赛期暴增，他便依然存有机会出席欧洲杯。
本文来源：头头竞技体育-www.247diary.comThis blog post is part of a biomonitoring series.
Can analyzing our household or workplace dust help scientists predict the levels of potentially dangerous chemicals inside our bodies?
In a world where furniture, carpets, curtains and electronics are treated with potent flame-retardant chemicals, we are exposed continuously to novel chemical substances upon which little research has been conducted. The use of flame retardants has become necessary due to changing types of materials used in our household goods.
“Think of your living room and all the synthetic materials used in the furnishings and curtains,” said Myrto Petreas, PhD, MPH, from the California Department of Toxic Substances Control. “Now compare that to what was in your grandmother’s living room. Her furniture was probably made with horsehair and wool, and was inherently not prone to fire. With synthetic fabric, there is more fire danger.”
The concern about flame retardants, she said, is that very little is known about these chemicals or what levels, if any, are safe for humans.
Around the time polychlorinated biphenyls, more commonly known as PCBs, were banned in 1979 due to human carcinogenic effects, chemists began creating new flame-retardant chemicals. Fifteen years ago, Petreas and her staff encountered one of the newer ones for the first time. “We were measuring chemicals in a study of breast cancer and looking at the body fat, levels of PCBs, etc. I went to a meeting in Sweden in 1998, where a researcher presented on these new chemicals, PBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers), found in high levels in human breast milk. Back at the lab, I wondered, ‘Can we see it here?’ The levels were so high, I thought it was a mistake.”
Pausing, Petreas added, “The levels are 30 times higher in California now than they were in Sweden then.”
While researchers do not know for sure that the brominated flame retardants, especially the PBDEs, are carcinogens, they are structurally similar to the banned PCBs. They also assimilate into our fat. PCBs, although banned 35 years ago, are still found commonly in people, said Petreas, “because they are in the food web now.” Banning a chemical cannot eradicate it from the population, she explained, but “PBDEs are placed on purpose in our products. We are exposed through dust more than diet. After they are banned, 20 years from now, those PBDEs will be in the food web too, in birds and cows. They stay a long time in the body.”
PBDEs are endocrine disruptors that compete with the thyroid’s hormones, potentially affecting development and cognitive abilities. “In animals,” said Petreas, “they are carcinogens; in humans, we can now look and see but do not have the answers yet.”
The question about whether chemical levels found in dust can help predict the levels in our bodies is an interesting one to biomonitoring scientists who study chemical levels in the human body. “What you see in the dust takes many steps to reach your body,” said Petreas. Just because the chemical is in the air or dust does not mean that your body will absorb it. Also, it is possible that chemicals may be dangerous in combinations rather than alone. Genetics also likely influence susceptibility. Biomonitoring is a sufficiently new science that many questions remain unanswered.
However, it is feasible that scientists could get a good idea of exposure merely by studying the contents of a household’s vacuum cleaner.
Petreas’ lab has worked on two dust studies. One, the California Childhood Leukemia Study, with UC Berkeley, is looking for correlations between childhood leukemia and chemical exposures found in the home. The study is not complete but after looking at the dust samples, Petreas said, “we have seen differences among homes and geography. There is a socio-economic factor: there are higher levels of PBDEs in house dust among lower income households and people of color.”
They also found a high correlation in results from dust tests repeated 3-8 years apart on the same home, showing that the chemical levels were not declining much over time.
The second study, the Firehouse Dust Study that compared levels of pollutants in the blood of firefighters and in the dust of the firehouses, was a side-study of the Firefighters’ Occupational Exposures (FOX) study, conducted by Biomonitoring California with UC Irvine.
“In this pilot study, we tested the blood and urine of 99 men and 2 women,” said Petreas. “We had questionnaires about their work: do they work with forest fires or structural fires? What kind of protective gear do they have and is it used? Later, we wanted to combine the environmental measure with this earlier biological measure. We took samples of dust from the station’s vacuum cleaners. This gives an overall integrated measurement to what the firefighters have been exposed to over time in the firehouse.”
They discovered, perhaps unsurprisingly, that firefighters did have much higher levels of flame retardants in their blood than an average person. Researchers are still trying to identify the main sources of exposure.
Actually, PBDE levels in Californians are higher than in most Americans, largely because of the state’s unique flammability requirements. Petreas pointed out that because the California market is so large, many corporations are designing products to meet the state’s stringent flammability standards and then selling them across North America. As a result, PBDE levels in North Americans are much higher than in Europeans or Asians.
“[Researchers] are always a few levels behind the marketplace,” said Petreas. “We measure the PBDEs now, but already there are different chemicals being used and we don’t know what they are. We can see these chemicals in our samples, but we haven’t studied them yet.”
An important factor in launching these studies has been the creation of Biomonitoring California, a legislatively mandated program that aims to determine baseline levels of environmental contaminants in Californians, study chemical trends over time, and advise regulatory programs. Biomonitoring California is a collaborative effort between the California Department of Public Health, the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, and the Department of Toxic Substances Control.
“What else is out there that we don’t know about and haven’t looked for?” Petreas asked, echoing a concern that led to the creation of Biomonitoring California.
To reduce exposure to potentially dangerous chemicals, whether from dust or other sources, Petreas said, “Wash your hands before you eat. Just like your mother told you. Never eat at your computer. Leave your shoes outside. These things help with most public health concerns, whether avian flu or chemicals.”
Without biomonitoring, public health practitioners face challenges in understanding whether environmental contaminants are actually being absorbed into people’s bodies. Given improvements in technology, the capabilities and expertise that exist in public health laboratories, and the increasing demand from the public for more information about chemical exposures, biomonitoring is poised to become an integral component of public health practice.
To learn more about biomonitoring, check out some of APHL’s Biomonitoring Resources:
- Biomonitoring: An Integral Component Of Public Health Practice
- Examples of Biomonitoring in Public Health
- APHL’s Guidance for Laboratory Biomonitoring Programs
- National Biomonitoring Plan for Public Health Laboratories: A Five-Year Plan
- Biomonitoring Toolkit (login required)
- Biomonitoring Capabilities List (login required)
Stay tuned for our soon-to-be-unveiled Meeting Community Needs page and of course, let us know if you have any feedback or suggestions.İstanbul Üniversitesi Arşivlerde Belge Yönetim-2 Vize Soruları 2012
Niyazi Çiçek
1. Başbakanlık Standart Dosya Planı’nın yapısını açıklayıp kaç alana ayrıldığını ve kurallarını yazınız.
2. Dosya bütünlüğü nedir? Açıklayınız.
3. Oluşturulan bir dosya planında 300 eğitim, 301 okula kayıt, 302 kayıt parası olup daha önceden devam etmektedir ve bizim de daha önce olmayan Erasmus yani yurtdışı
hizmetlerine hangi numarayı vermemiz gerekir yazınız.A Walk to Remember (2002)
2013-03-21 14:37:36 +0200
yabann Landon Carter (Shane West) yörenin en zengin ailelerinden birinin oğludur. Aynı zamanda çevrenin en sevilen ve tanınan gençlerindendir. Bir gün içinde bulunduğu grubun başı belaya girince, ceza olarak okulda sahnelenecek olan tiyatro oyununda görev almasına karar verilir.
Burada karşılaşacağı sessiz ve çekingen bir kız olan Jamie'ye (Mandy Moore) aşık olması ikisininde hayatını değiştirecektir.
Interesting content shared about A Walk to Rememberماده 320:اقامه قسامه یا مطالبه آن از متهم، باید حسب مورد، توسط صاحب حق قصاص یا دیه، یا ولی یا وکیل آنها باشد. همچنین است اقامه قسامه برای برائت متهم که حسب مورد به وسیله متهم یا ولی او یا وکیل آنها صورت می گیرد. اتیان سوگند به وسیله افراد قابل توکیل نیست.Anti-venoms were first produced over a century ago. It was discovered that it was possible to “hyper-immunize” an animal against snakebite by gradually increasing the dosage of venom on a regular basis. It was also discovered that an envenomed animal could be saved if the serum of the immunized creature was injected into the envenomed animal.
The principle of modern antivenom production is to this day conducted in basically the same way, although certain modifications have been implemented such as neutralizing the venom with formaldehyde prior to using it on animals which reduces the suffering of immunized animals.
The animal used in the production of antivenom in SA is the horse. Increased dosage of venom is injected into the horse until the horse becomes ‘hyper immunized” upon which the blood is drawn and the serum removed. The rest of the blood is transfused back into the horse. The serum obtained then passes through various testing and refinement until it is able to be used in humans with the same results.
The basis of the serum contains immunoglobulins, and these are digested by pepsin to isolate the antigen that in turn neutralizes the venom.
Initially in South Africa the antivenom production was limited to the venoms of the Puff Adder and the Cape Cobra. A bivalent antivenom was later produced for the venoms of both snake. A trivalent antivenom was also produced for the three Mamba species found in southern Africa. During the 1970’s all the antivenoms (Bivalent, trivalent and monovalent) were integrated to form one polyvalent antivenom which is effective against most venoms with the exception of the Boomslang, and the Saw-scaled Viper.
These antivenoms are very safe, but being an animal protein derivative a small percentage of people may display dangerous allergic reactions to the antivenom. This hyper-allergic reaction may lead to what is known as anaphylactic shock which can be more serious than the venom itself and possibly lead to death.
There are two types of antivenom available:
– Polyvalent : This contains antibodies from several snake species and is effective against most venoms. Polyvalent antivenom can be used for all our South African venomous snakes with the exception of Boomslang (Dispholidus typus), Vine snake (Thelotornis capensis) and Yellow bellied sea snake (Pelamis plantura).
– Monovalent : This contains the antibodies from one strain of a single species. In South Africa this is the Boomslang (Dispholidus typus).GE照明引领悉尼绿色照明变革为Bicentennial公园首创LED照明先例
GE照明与澳大利亚合作伙伴UGL公司目前已在悉尼格利贝Bicentennial公园合作安装了新型GE LED灯，这是总价值为700万澳元的悉尼市街道和公园照明系统改造项目的一部分。与传统的街道和公园照明相比，新型LED灯更加节能，散发出更白亮的照明效果。 位于格利贝的Bicentennial公园目前成为澳大利亚悉尼首个安装新型GE LED灯的公园。GE照明与澳大利亚合作伙伴UGL公司于今年年初共同获得了总额为700万澳元的照明系统改造项目，计划在未来3年内替换悉尼市内6450条街道和公园的照明系统。与传统的街道和公园照明相比，由GE照明生产，UGL公司安装的LED灯可以带来更白、更亮的照明效果。 照明技术的变革已席卷悉尼市中心，在为其提供更加明亮的公园和街道照明效果的同时大幅减少电费开支和温室气体排放量。 LED灯由一组光源或二极管组成，可以更好地引导灯光的方向，因为没有传统灯的灯丝，意味着LED灯不会发热，而且更节能，使用寿命可延长三倍甚至更长，大大节省了维护成本。 迄今为止，GE照明已为悉尼市内的大桥街、伊丽莎白街、马丁广场、圣詹姆斯路、学院街、巴瑟斯特街、乔治街、达令赫斯特路、泰勒广场、威廉街、卡斯尔雷大街、菲利普街、公园街、中央商务区的市场街、斯特兰的卡蒂格大道，皮尔蒙特的Quarry Masters Drive路及桑德大街成功更换了1400多盏LED灯。 更换6450盏传统照明设施每年可以节省近80万澳元的电费和维修费，悉尼城市运营主管Gary Harding说道，悉尼将紧随柏林、巴塞罗那、旧金山等其它大都市的脚步，顺应以LED灯替代传统照明设施的趋势，并成为澳大利亚首个大规模进行城市道路与公园LED照明系统改造的城市。 悉尼市的亚历山大公园、国王十字、马丁广场和环形码头都成功更换了LED路灯系统并相继通过18个月的试用期。在一项公众意见调查中显示，超过90％的人群发现新的照明路灯更舒适，其中四分之三人表示照明效果有明显改善。 GE照明澳大利亚及新西兰区总经理Nathan Dunn表示：正如我们所知，新型LED照明技术将引领照明变革，带来更明亮、更长寿、更节能的灯！与白炽灯相比，LED科技节约了75%的能源，并且使用寿命是白炽灯的25倍。我们很高兴看到悉尼市能够引领澳大利亚的照明革命。 增进节能效益，减少气体排放 悉尼政府是澳大利亚的首个碳中和计划城市，其目标是在2030年前减少排放70%的温室气体。目前，悉尼市全市共有22,000盏路灯，是澳大利亚新南威尔士州道路照明的最大用户之一。全市的公共照明用电量占全市总量的三分之一，并占据整个城市30%的温室气体排放量。 在启用GE 的LED照明系统以后，预计全市一年节省的电费和路灯维护费将达80万澳元，而且新型LED灯还将帮助悉尼减少温室气体排放量达40％，即每年减少2581公吨的排放量，约等于道路上940辆汽车的排放量。
产品信息： GE LED R250 GE LED R250拥有独特的模块化设计，能提供完善的路灯照明方案。它使用了1-4个模块组件，提供从2600lm到17800lm不等的光通量输出。由于灯具功率密度的降低，大大促进了道路照明的节能。均匀的光学分布还有效提高了道路监控的摄像质量，安全性得到了大大的提高。它适用于包括公路、机动车专用道、人行道、住宅区、大型商业区和工业中心等室外照明场合。 GE LED Duna GE LED Duna是采用锥形截面外壳设计的LED灯具，拥有对称和非对称分布的光型，可达到88W的功率。 该产品使用寿命长，使用高功率高亮度LED，拥有5600k和4100k的色温可供选择。LED Duna适用于停车场、公园、广场、住宅区和人行道照明等多种照明场合。 GE LED Modular Area Light GE LED Modular Area Light是一种新型LED照明系统，它可以为广场照明、区域照明和一般照明提供卓越的照明环境。通过更换模块组合，它可实现从3130lm 到14800lm不等的光通量输出。它拥有优化的光学分布和可选择的暖色温光源，并采用大功率高亮度LED，有4000K和5700K不同色温可供选择。该系统可完美应用
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，向卡卡飞过来，吓得卡卡“扑通”一屁股坐在地上。没想到火龙落下来，熄灭了身上的火焰，对卡卡说：“小朋友，别怕，我不是坏人，我是在这里守护圣火的。刚才那颗冰凉爽口的糖果是你扔下来的吧？”卡卡不好意思地点点头。火龙说：“我好久都没吃到这么好吃的东西了，谢谢你呀！你来这里干什么呀？”卡卡说：“我是来取火种的，要重新点燃魔法圣焰，拯救魔法世界，现在我已经拿到了，正要赶回去。”火龙赞赏地说：“小朋友，你真是太勇敢了，可是魔法之都离这这么远，我看还是让我送你回去吧！”卡卡听了高兴地跳了起来，他爬上火龙的背，向魔法之都飞去。卡卡看着底下，人鱼乐园，星星峡谷，蓝月亮湖，神鹿原，四季城堡，一个接一个从身下掠过。卡卡的心里有种复杂的感觉，有点感伤，又有一点自豪，他觉得自己一下子长大了很多。
不一会，卡卡已经到了魔法之都，这里已经完全变了样，黑暗已经侵蚀了这里的一切，只剩下一片荒凉，宝塔上面的圣焰已经熄灭了，大家都在焦急地等着卡卡。精灵女王看见卡卡，激动地说：“卡卡，你真是个勇敢的孩子，快去点燃圣火。”卡卡点点头，骑着大火龙飞到宝塔上面，他把火种扔向宝塔，冲天的火焰重新燃烧了起来，熊熊的火苗照亮了天空，天上的乌云退去了，黑色的毒气慢慢消散，枯萎的花草重新恢复了生机，老树长出了新叶，河水重新流淌起来，鸟儿重新唱起了歌，魔法世界的一切都在慢慢复苏。精灵女王也恢复了法力，现在她要帮卡卡去救他的弟弟了。
魔法世界重新有了光明，逼得黑暗魔王逃到了他的黑玫瑰花园里。卡卡和精灵女王骑着火龙向黑暗魔王的花园飞去。到了黑玫瑰花园，黑暗魔王的手下——一群大黄蜂形成一道“蜂墙”堵在面前，每只大黄蜂屁股上的刺都竖起来，准备发动进攻。这时，大火龙飞过去，对着大黄蜂喷出一道大火，黄蜂们一下就被烧焦了，像下雨一样“唰唰唰”落到地上。女王用魔杖对着花园念了一句咒语，黑玫瑰花渐渐变成了红色，长出了绿叶。又黑又长的玫瑰刺也不见了。卡卡迫不及待地跑过去救弟弟，嘟嘟看着两个哥哥，傻傻地站在那里不知所措。这时候假卡卡轻轻一转身，变回了蝴蝶精灵。蝴蝶精灵把事情的经过告诉了嘟嘟，嘟嘟这才明白是怎么回事，抱着卡卡激动地哭了起来，卡卡也高兴地流起了眼泪。
回了弟弟，可黑暗魔王跑到哪去了，卡卡不解地问女王。女王笑了笑，指着玫瑰园中一个黑色的花骨朵说：“他就藏在那里！”女王双手举起魔杖，嘴里念着咒语，魔杖上的宝石汇聚了太阳的光芒，女王把光射向那朵黑色的花，只听见黑暗魔王一声惨叫，就跟着那朵黑色的花就灰飞烟灭了。
黑暗魔王被消灭了，女王带着卡卡和嘟嘟飞回了魔法之都。魔法世界到处都在庆祝，精灵们高兴地唱啊跳啊。蝴蝶精灵们在天空飞舞，她们一会围成一个圈，一会儿变成一朵花，不停地变换着图案；鸟儿在枝头高兴地唱着欢乐地歌曲，花儿为它们伴舞；柳树又重新飘起了美丽的柳絮，风儿在弹琴，流淌的小河伴奏，鱼儿吐出五颜六色的泡泡，还不停地跃出水面，小动物们在草地上打滚，追赶，嬉闹，龟精灵高兴地又蹦又跳。精灵们又回到了以前快乐的生活
女王问卡卡和嘟嘟有什么愿望，淘气的嘟嘟大声地说：“我想要飞，像鸟儿一样。”卡卡看了看嘟嘟，向女王点点头。女王笑着用魔杖在他们头上轻轻一点，卡卡和嘟嘟就慢慢地飘了起来，和各种各样美丽的鸟儿，兴奋地在天上飞来飞去，天上充满了卡卡和嘟嘟欢乐的笑声。飞累了他们停在五彩云端，卡卡顺手从天上抓了一把云，凑到鼻子跟前闻了一下，好像是棉花糖，送到嘴里一吃，比棉花糖还要好吃呢。卡卡和嘟嘟大口大口吃起来，结果把云越吃越薄，突然云上出现了一个大洞，卡卡和嘟嘟一起掉了下去，慌乱之中他们忘了怎么飞，吓得大喊救命。突然觉得有人在拍他们，他们睁开眼睛，原来是奶奶，奶奶心疼地对他们说：“傻孩子，怎么躺在石头后面睡觉呀？赶快回家吧。”卡卡和嘟嘟对视着一笑，蹦蹦跳跳地跟奶奶向家里走去。
在卡卡和嘟嘟心里埋下了一个永远的秘密，他们知道这不仅仅是一个梦。Skip to Main Content
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- Found only in the central portion of Democratic Republic of the Congo (Congo Basin), south of the Congo river. The common chimpanzee has much larger range.
- Small populations within the Congo Basin are separated by rivers.
- Potential range is estimated at approximately 500,000 km sq. (193,051 mi sq)
- Range is discontinuous. Species absent or rare in many areas. Southern part of Congo Basin not well surveyed.
- Few field studies prior to 1970s. Studies in 1980s confirmed populations near towns of Befale, Djolu, Bokungu and Ikela and a 3,000 sq. km. area between the Yekokora and Lomako Rivers.
- Based on evidence of nest building individuals, population densities of around 0.4/sq km (0.15/ sq mi) are estimated for Salonga National Park which may be similar to overall densities for all their range; some study area have higher estimates.
- As late as 17th century this species may have ranged into northwestern Angola and as far south as the Quanza River.
- Found in lowland rain forest - both primary and secondary "regrowth" forests, but also in mosaic forest with savannas where they may even feed on grasses; recent studies show them entering swamp forests where they wade in waist-deep streams.
- Share many ecological traits with common chimpanzees. Both are terrestrial and arboreal. Can utilize many plant resources.
SDZWA Library Links
Fact Sheet Index
Fact sheet index, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library
Home page, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance Library
Email the librarians at email@example.comIdentity on the Line (I-ON) is a large-scale cooperation project between six cultural history museums and one university, working together to explore the long-term consequences of different migration processes, forced or voluntary, which took place in Europe over the last 100 years.
Through the collection and dissemination of experiences from former migrants and their descendants, summarized and placed in factual historical contexts, we will unfold and transmit common features of migration from past to future generations. Our priority is to reinforce the sense of belonging to a common European space to contemporary migrants, to those who have settled and their hosting communities.
Transnational cooperation, the circulation of cultural works and players, is assured by a broad cooperation between museums in Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Poland, Lithuania, Slovenia and Croatia. Starting with similar approaches and using the same methods, each museum will work on one important migration process in its country by collecting and facilitating sensitive narratives in local exhibitions and uncovering challenges which have not been addressed before. The main findings and common features will be summarized and made available as a joint travel exhibition within Europe and a digital package, free to download. The working process initiates interaction between partners and other professionals, aiming at skill transfer, the anchoring of successful methods among colleagues, as well as developing toolkits and school packages.
Audience development will be provided through extended cooperation with and dissemination to defined target groups, including children, young people and under-represented groups, which former migrants are a part of. Using comprehensive dissemination methods on local, national and international levels, the project will contribute to increased mutual understanding among people in Europe with similar experiences regardless of time, place or event. Hereby, the importance and urgency of a positive and effective social integration of migrants will be demonstrated.
The partner institutions, subprojects and project managers
Lead partner for the overall project: Vest-Agder Museum; project manager: Dr. Kathrin Pabst
Each partner institution is responsible for a separate subproject in their respective countries. Below is a short overview of the seven projects, included the responsible museum and project manager.
P1: Norway, Vest-Agder Museum; project manager Kathrin Pabst and Gunhild Aaby (exhibition)
Migration process: German occupants and their counterparts in the Kristiansand area, Southern Norway
Period migration: World War II, 1940-1945 and subsequent generations
Informants • Children of war, their parents and families •
P2: Denmark, The House of Knud Rasmussen; project manager Søren la Cour Jensen
Migration process: Greenlanders within the Danish society • The identities of Greenlanders living in Denmark. Both the selfpercieved identity of the informants and the foisted identity of the surrounding danish society. The effect on the informants and within their families.
Period migration: from the 1950’s until today.
Informants: Greenlandic migrants and their descendants
P3: Sweden, Ájtte – principal museum of Sami culture and the mountain region; project manager Elina Nygård
Migration process: Migration within Sápmi. Reindeer herding Sámi families from Northern Sweden migrated to Sámi areas further south in Sweden.
Period Migration 1919-1939 and subsequent generations
Informants • Descendants of migrants • Descendants of representatives from hosting communities
P4: Poland, The Museum of Middle Pomerania in Slupsk; project manager Marzenna Mazur
Migration process: Pomerania has a complex political history in terms of political affiliation, and due to the changing frontiers in the aftermath of World War II, the demographic structure was radically changed.
• Many German inhabitants were forced to leave • Internally displaced Polish inhabitants from different places and backgrounds who now settled and rebuild the cities. Period Aftermath of World War II, 1945 and onwards
Informants • Settlers and inhabitants of Pomerania born after 1945 • Contemporary Polish schoolchildren in Pomerania
P5: Lithuania, The University of Vilnius; project manager Neringa Latvyte-Gustaitiene
Migration process: Totalitarian regime and anti-Semitic policy of the Soviet Union after the war, persecutions, public intolerance especially towards Lithuanian Jews and Poles forced them to leave the country
Period Aftermath of World war II, 1945 and onwards
Informants • Jewish emigrants and their descendants, Polish soldiers and their descendants
P6: Slovenia, National Museum for Contemporary History; project manager Dr. Kaja Širok
Migration process: Migrants from ex-Yugoslav republics migrating to Slovenia, and their reinvention of identity after the Slovenian independence.
• After 1991 the «erased affair» happened when 18.000 people were removed from the registry of Permanent Residence in February 1992, losing all social, civil and political rights.Period 1945 and aftermath, culminating in the 1970s.
Informants • Immigrants to Slovenia from ex-Yugoslav republics, and their descendants generally, and those hit by the “Erased affair” especially.
P7: Croatia, The Ethnographic Museum of Istria; project manager Dr. Lidija Nikočević
Migration process The complex political history of the Istrian peninsula and its inhabitants involves a complex multi-ethnic population and history of 200 000 emigrants after World War II.
• Second and third generation migrated Istrians are searching for their roots and identitiesPeriod After World war II, 1945 and onwards
Informants • Italians who had to emigrate from Istria, some of whom returned to Istria and others who did not, and their descendants.
Needs and challenges I-ON intends to tackle
To “safeguard, develop and promote cultural and linguistic diversity and Europe’s cultural heritage” is a general policy objective of the Creative Europe program. This has a trans- and international dimension, which requests dynamic cooperation, capacity and skills in the cultural sector.
Museums can make a difference in the lives of the people and communities, by being an arena for participation, intercultural dialogue, and by catalysing personal processes of identification and belonging to a community. Experiencing that one is not alone with one’s experiences and discover ways in which they are related to social processes such as migration, for example, can change a person’s lifeworld. Relating to and learning from other people, who have experienced and conquered similar experiences as oneself, can foster community and empower the individual by giving hope and affirmation that one is not alone. The parallels between former and newer migration processes can be engaged as bridges between the current and future common cultural heritage in Europe. To facilitate this, museums must work in participation with audiences locally, as well as reaching beyond the local and national level. This is a challenging order, which will be pursued through thorough cooperation.
Enhancing cultural dialogue and raising the awareness of common history and values and thereby reinforcing a sense of belonging, is the focus of all actions in this project. As museums with access to a uniquely tangible and intangible cultural heritage, we have chosen E. Legacy of the European Year of Cultural Heritage 2018 as our main priority. Nevertheless, as one will find below, in the description of the activities, I-ON relates in some way or another to all the main objectives. Among the concrete outcomes of this project, one finds the testing of innovative approaches to audience development, the organization of cultural activities on several geographical levels and the development and transfer of skills, competencies, and know-how.
This project will raise awareness of common history and values through the collection and dissemination of experiences from seven former migration processes in Europe. We will unfold and transmit common features of migration in European history from past to future generations, involving former migrants and their descendants in the collection and dissemination of experiences from factual historical contexts. Hereby, we aim to reinforce the sense of belonging to a common European space to contemporary migrants, as well as to those who have settled and to the hosting communities.
I-ON does so by:
- • Facilitating objects and memories to safeguard, supplement and develop cultural heritage as a source identity and belonging for all inhabitants in Europe.
• Following an inclusive and participatory approach.
• Giving people a voice to present narratives and experiences which are normally overlooked and not acknowledged.
• Summing up main aspects and similarities from seven exhibitions in a joint exhibition which will be circulated and shown internationally.
• Strengthening the interaction between the cultural heritage sector and other sectors.
• Facilitating the use of school-packages for teachers, with the aim of engaging children and young people in intercultural dialogue and reinforce their sense of belonging.
• Strengthening the intercultural, international and interprofessional exchange of knowledge, ideas and working methods.
• Transferring fellow professionals.
In sum, the project aims to assist inhabitants to take up and sustain a European identity and a diversified common cultural heritage by bridging historical and contemporary experiences of migration in Europe.
Together, the partners will focus on the following eight activities:
ACTIVITY 1 – Project Management and Quality Control
ACTIVITY 2 – Promotional Activities and Materials
ACTIVITY 3 – Cooperation with new audiences in the local exhibition projects
ACTIVITY 4 – Training and education for professionals
ACTIVITY 5 – Guided Visits of Places of Remembrance and/or Museums
ACTIVITY 6 – Joint Exhibition: Travel exhibition and Digital Package
ACTIVITY 7 – Development and distribution of school packages
ACTIVITY 8 – Evaluation Processes and Implementation of Long-term Perspectives
For further questions, please contact the project managers in the respective countries or Kathrin Pabst here.previous tutorial |
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For the antiquarians in the audience, we have older versions of this tutorial, using:
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Strata StudioPro 2.5 |
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Before beginning the project
- If you are working in the ACG Lab
click to read these important notes before you start the tutorial.
This section of the directions contains information that pertains specifically to the way the ACG Lab operates. It may not apply if you work on the project elsewhere.
- If you need to get for yourself the programs mentioned in this tutorial:
- Art of Illusion is an open source program, freely downloadable at www.artofillusion.org.
This program will run on a variety of other computers besides Macintoshes.
Since the 3D software marketplace is very fragmented, there is no single industry standard for 3D programs.
Art of Illusion is an ideal training tool because it provides a broad cross-section of the features shared by all the major players.
At the same time, it preserves a clean, standardized interface, unlike commercial programs which resort to quirky gadgets--making it hard to reuse what you have learned when you approach a new program.
While the program is simple to use, it is not simplistic. It can be used for serious work, as it has all the capabilities required for the complete 3D workflow:
modeling, rendering, and animation.
In this first phase of our 3D project, we will use the most common modeling tools: we will start from flat 2D shapes, converting them to 3D using two techniques generally available in all 3D programs: extruding and lathing. Later we will work directly with basic 3D shapes called primitives, combining them using boolean operations and reshaping them through mesh editing.
After some initial setup, we can proceed to create the elements in our scene:
- Reset the program to factory defaults by removing the file '.aoiprefs' (if found) from the Preferences folder inside System Folder.
Double-click the Art of Illusion application icon to start the program
- A blank document window appears. It shows four views (Front, Left, Top, and the perspective from Camera 1) of your virtual workspace.
- A blank document window can also be created (when the program is already running) using the File-->New command.
- Save the new document: File-->Save As, enter any filename you want (
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la prima volta, dovresti consultare il tuo medico e avere consigli individuali.
Dosaggio di Prozac per la bulimia nervosa:
Ai pazienti adulti viene prescritta 1 compressa di Prozac da 60 mg una volta al giorno al mattino.
In assenza di controindicazioni, ai bambini vengono prescritti 10 mg (1 compressa) al giorno e, in base ai risultati, la dose può essere aumentata a 20 mg o 40 mg.
Dosaggio di Prozac per la depressione:
La dose standard per gli adulti è 1 compressa di Prozac 20 mg una volta al giorno al mattino. Il dosaggio viene regolato secondo necessità.
Ai bambini di età pari o superiore agli 8 anni viene prescritto Prozac 10 mg o Prozac 20 mg una volta al giorno al mattino.
Dosaggio di Prozac per il disturbo ossessivo-compulsivo:
La dose iniziale è di 20 mg una volta al giorno. La dose massima giornaliera è di 80 mg (divisa in 4 dosi).
Per i bambini di età pari o superiore ai 7 anni, la dose iniziale di Prozac è di 10 mg una volta al giorno al mattino. Ai bambini non è raccomandato di assumere più di 60 mg al giorno.
Dosaggio di Prozac per gli attacchi di panico:
La dose iniziale di Prozac per gli adulti è di 10 mg una volta al giorno al mattino.
Consigli per l'uso
L’effetto terapeutico completo del Prozac si ottiene entro poche settimane dall’utilizzo. La maggior parte dei dottori prescrive Prozac per almeno sei mesi. Per la depressione clinica grave, puoi assumere Fluoxetina per più di 1 anno, sotto la supervisione di un operatore sanitario.
Dovresti iniziare il trattamento con la dose più bassa raccomandata. Ogni 2 settimane è necessario effettuare un esame e valutare le dinamiche della terapia. In assenza di risultati positivi, la dose viene aumentata.
Non è consigliabile assumere più di 80 mg di Prozac al giorno, perché questo può provocare un sovradosaggio.
Dopo aver raggiunto il risultato, il paziente viene trasferito a una dose di mantenimento di 20 mg al giorno. La riduzione della dose di solito dura 4 settimane, ma il medico può consigliare di ridurre la dose gradualmente nell'arco di 6-8 settimane per ridurre il rischio di sindrome da astinenza.
Dose saltata
Se a volte dimentichi di assumere il farmaco, non preoccuparti. Assumi la dose successiva del farmaco il giorno successivo alla solita ora. Non assumere il medicinale due volte al giorno per compensare la dose dimenticata.
Precauzioni
INFORMAZIONE IMPORTANTE!
Ci sono diverse malattie croniche, in cui l'assunzione di Prozac (Fluoxetina) è controindicata:
- Cirrosi epatica;
- Problemi con la minzione;
- Diabete;
- Insufficienza renale;
- Malattie cardiovascolari gravi;
- Glaucoma;
- Convulsioni o epilessia;
- Disturbo bipolare (depressione maniacale);
- Abuso di sostanze stupefacenti o comportamento suicida.
Secondo gli studi, nei pazienti anziani Prozac può causare l’iponatriemia (ritenzione di liquidi nell'organismo, che porta a una forte diminuzione del volume di sodio nel sangue al livello critico, inferiore a 135 mmol/l).
A sua volta, ciò può causare gonfiore, nausea e altri effetti collaterali pericolosi. Per questo motivo, i pazienti anziani possono richiedere un cambiamento della dose e un controllo particolare da parte di un medico. In caso di gonfiore, interrompere l'assunzione delle compresse
Uso di Prozac in gravidanza
Se rimani incinta mentre assumi Prozac, informa il medico. L’assunzione di Fluoxetina può essere legata a un aumento del rischio di sviluppo del feto. Quindi dovresti smettere di assumere il farmaco.
Durante gli studi clinici, è stato scoperto che la Fluoxetina viene espulsa con il latte materno. Per questo motivo, quando si assume il farmaco durante l'allattamento, è necessario far passare il bambino all'alimentazione artificiale.
Possibili effetti collaterali
La Fluoxetina è uno degli antidepressivi più sicuri nella pratica medica moderna. Raramente provoca effetti collaterali a causa dell'azione selettiva. Nonostante ciò, in rari casi, i pazienti avvertono sintomi indesiderati.
L’elenco degli effetti collaterali comuni durante l'assunzione di Prozac include:
- Insonnia o sonnolenza;
- Mal di testa e vertigini;
- Ansia o nervosismo, stanchezza;
- Vertigini o coscienza offuscata;
- Mal di stomaco, perdita di appetito, nausea, vomito, diarrea;
- Bocca secca, sudorazione;
- Cambiamento di peso o appetito;
Molto spesso, gli effetti collaterali lievi non richiedono assistenza medica. Ma se ti danno fastidio, consulta un operatore sanitario.
Prozac: interazione con altri farmaci
Prozac può causare fluidificazione del sangue o lividi se viene assunto con farmaci antinfiammatori non steroidei, come ad esempio:
- Aspirina;
- Ibuprofene;
- Naprossene;
- Celebrex;
- Diclofenac e altri medicinali.
Potrebbe essere necessario modificare il dosaggio di Fluoxetina, se assumi medicinali da questi gruppi di farmaci:
- Farmaci per il trattamento del disturbo da deficit di attenzione e iperattività;
- Farmaci per il trattamento di disturbi e malattie mentali;
- Farmaci per il trattamento della narcolessia;
- Farmaci per il mal di testa ed l’emicrania;
- Antidolorifici narcotici.
Non dovresti usare Prozac se assumi farmaci antipsicotici, come Orap (Pimozide) o Tioridazina.
Conservazione
Conservare fuori dalla portata dei bambini ad una temperatura dai +15 °C ai +30 °С.
La migliore offerta per acquistare Prozac online sul mercato
La nostra farmacia online aiuta migliaia di persone a ottenere generici economici e medicinali di marca originali da fornitori di fama mondiale e affidabili.
Il lavoro dei nostri specialisti migliori ha l’obiettivo di fornirti una consegna veloce, conveniente e riservata del Prozac in tutto il mondo.
Vantaggi della nostra farmacia online
Prodotti originali certificati. Selezioniamo solo fornitori affidabili e farmaci accuratamente testati.
Servizio veloce e di qualità. L’unica cosa che devi fare è effettuare un ordine sul nostro sito web, che è facile e veloce.
Prezzo adeguato e possibilità di risparmio con le nostre offerte speciali.
Se hai domande sulla nostra farmacia, puoi scriverci e i nostri specialisti ti forniranno tutte le informazioni necessarie sul suo funzionamento e sull'origine dei medicinali.Geleceği tahmin zordur, ancak mevcut tahmin daha kolaydır.
Gözlemsel verilerle araştırmacılar tarafından kullanılan ikinci temel strateji öngörüyor. Geleceği tahmin çok zordur, ama onlar şirketler veya hükümetler çalışmak ister o, karar vericiler için inanılmaz derecede önemli olabilir.
Kleinberg et al. (2015) belirli politika sorunları için tahmin önemini açıklamak iki katlı sunmaktadır. bir politika yapıcı hayal, bir kuraklık karşı karşıya olduğu ve yağmur şansını artırmak için bir yağmur dansı yapmak için bir şaman işe karar vermeniz gerekir onu Anna, arayacağım. Başka bir politika yapıcı, eve giderken ıslanmasını önlemek için çalışmak için bir şemsiye almaya karar vermeniz gerekir, Bob onu arayacağım. onlar hava anlamak Anna ve Bob Hem daha iyi bir karar, ancak bunlar farklı şeyler bilmek gerekir. Anna yağmur dansı yağmur neden olup olmadığını anlamak gerekir. Bob, diğer taraftan, azalan hakkında bir şey anlamak gerek yoktur; o sadece doğru bir tahmin ihtiyacı var. Sosyal araştırmacılar genellikle neyin odaklanmak Kleinberg et al. (2015) "yağmur dansı gibi" politika sorunları-o odaklanmak nedensellik-ve tahmin odaklı "şemsiye gibi" politika sorunları görmezden diyoruz.
Ben "şimdi" birleştiren ve türetilen -a vadeli tahmin olarak adlandırılan Anlık Hava Tahmini özel bir tür, ancak, odaklanmak istiyorum "tahmin". Aksine geleceği tahmin yerine, bugünü tahmin etmek girişimleri Anlık Hava Tahmini (Choi and Varian 2012) . Diğer bir deyişle, Anlık Hava Tahmini ölçüm sorunlar için tahmin yöntemleri kullanır. Bunun gibi, kendi ülkelerinde ilgili zamanında ve doğru tedbirleri gerektiren hükümetlerin özellikle yararlı olacaktır. Anlık Hava Tahmini Google Grip Trendleri örneği ile en net gösterilebilir.
Bir arama motoruna "grip ilaçları" yazarsanız böylece hava altında biraz duygu düşünün, yanıt bağlantılarının bulunduğu bir sayfa almak ve daha sonra bir yardımcı web sayfasına bunlardan birini izleyin. Şimdi bu etkinlik arama motoru perspektifinden dışarı çalınan düşünün. Her an, sorgularının dünyada milyonlarca gelme ve sorguları-ne bu akım Battelle (2006) "niyetlerin veritabanı" çağrısında bulundu - kollektif küresel bilince sürekli güncellenen pencere sağlar. Ancak, grip yaygınlığı bir ölçüme Bu bilgi akışı dönüm zordur. Basitçe "grip ilaçları" için sorgu sayısını sayan iyi işe yaramayabilir. grip ilaçları için arama yapan grip grip grip ilaçları arar ve herkes sahip değil herkes.
Google Grip Trendleri arkasında önemli ve zeki hüner bir tahmin sorun haline ölçüm sorunu çevirmek oldu. Hastalık Kontrol ve Önleme Merkezleri (CDC) ülke çapında doktorlardan bilgi toplayan bir grip izleme sistemi vardır. Ancak, bu CDC sistemi ile bir sorun bir iki haftalık raporlama gecikme olmasıdır; o doktorlardan gelen veriler için gereken zaman, temizlenmiş işlenmiş ve yayımlanacak. gelişmekte olan bir salgın tutarken Fakat, halk sağlığı ofisleri iki hafta önce oldu ne kadar grip bilmek istemiyorum; Şu anda orada ne kadar grip onlar bilmek istiyorum. Aslında, sosyal verilerin diğer birçok geleneksel kaynaklarda, veri toplama dalgaları ve raporlama gecikme arasındaki boşluklar vardır. En büyük bir veri kaynakları, diğer yandan, her zaman açık (Bölüm 22.214.171.124) 'dir.
Bu nedenle, Jeremy Ginsberg ve arkadaşları (2009) Google arama verilerinden CDC grip verilerini tahmin etmeye çalıştı. Bu araştırmacılar şimdiki ölçme CDC, gelecek verilerden gelecek verilerin tahmin ederek orada şimdi ne kadar grip ölçmek için çalışıyorlardı çünkü "mevcut tahmin" bir örnektir. Makine öğrenimi kullanarak, CDC grip verilerinin en prediktif olduğunu görmek için 50 milyon farklı arama terimleri arandı. Sonuçta, onlar en prediktif görünüyordu 45 farklı sorgular bir dizi buldum ve sonuçlar oldukça iyiydi: onlar CDC verileri tahmin etmek arama verilerini kullanabilirsiniz. Nature dergisinde yayınlanan bu yazıda, kısmen dayanarak, Google Grip Trendleri büyük verinin gücünü sık sık tekrarlanan bir başarı öyküsü oldu.
Orada iki önemli uyarılar ancak bu bariz başarısı için, ve bu uyarılar anlamak, değerlendirmek ve tahmin ve Anlık Hava Tahmini yapacağız. İlk olarak, Google Grip Trendleri performansı aslında grip prevalansı son iki ölçümlerden doğrusal ekstrapolasyon dayalı grip miktarını tahmin basit bir modele göre çok iyi değildi (Goel et al. 2010) . Ve, bazı dönemler boyunca Google Grip Trendleri bu basit bir yaklaşım aslında daha kötüydü (Lazer et al. 2014) . Diğer bir deyişle, tüm veriler, makine öğrenmesi ve güçlü bilgisayar ile Google Grip Trendleri dramatik sezgisel anlamak için basit ve kolay daha iyi performans vermedi. Bu, herhangi bir tahmini değerlendirirken ya da nowcast zaman bir başlangıca karşı karşılaştırmak için önemli olduğunu göstermektedir.
Google Grip Trendleri hakkında ikinci önemli uyarı CDC grip verilerini tahmin kabiliyeti kısa süreli arıza nedeniyle sürüklenme ve algoritmik Etki karışımı uzun vadeli çürümeye eğilimli olmasıdır. Örneğin, 2009 Domuz Gribi salgını Google Grip Trendleri sırasında dramatik insanlar küresel pandemi yaygın korku yanıt olarak kendi arama davranışlarını değiştirmek eğiliminde muhtemelen çünkü grip miktarını fazla tahmin (Cook et al. 2011; Olson et al. 2013) . Bu kısa vadeli sorunlara ek olarak, performans zamanla çürümüş. Bu uzun vadeli çürüme nedenlerini Teşhis Google arama algoritmaları tescilli çünkü zordur, ama o (o da görünüyor insanlar "ateş" ve "öksürük" gibi belirtiler için arama yaparken 2011 yılında Google ile ilgili arama terimlerini öneririm değişiklikler yaptı görünür Bu özellik) artık aktif olduğunu söyledi. Bu özelliği ekleyerek bir arama motoru iş çalıştırıyorsanız yapmak için tamamen makul bir şeydir, ve daha sağlıkla ilgili aramalar üreten etkisi vardı. Bu muhtemelen iş için bir başarı, ama aşırı tahmin gribi yaygınlığı Google Grip Trendleri neden (Lazer et al. 2014) .
Neyse ki, Google Grip Trendleri ile bu sorunlar düzeltilebilir. Aslında, dikkat yöntemler kullanılarak Lazer et al. (2014) ve Yang, Santillana, and Kou (2015) daha iyi sonuçlar elde etmek mümkün. İleriye dönük olarak, ben araştırmacı ile büyük veri birleştiren Anlık Hava Tahmini çalışmalar verileri-Michelangelo tarzı ile Duchamp tarzı Readymades birleştirir Custommades-olacak hızlı ve daha doğru, mevcut ölçümleri ve geleceğin öngörüleri üretmek için politika yapıcılar olanak toplanan bekliyoruz.L'aritmia oggi è determinata in molte persone, poiché raramente una persona moderna non è soggetta a situazioni stressanti, stress emotivo e psicologico. Esistono forme di disturbi del ritmo, come l'aritmia sinusale, che non sono pericolose per l'uomo; quando vengono rilevati, raramente è richiesto un trattamento specifico. Ma altre condizioni aritmiche non sono così innocue..
Perché la fibrillazione atriale è pericolosa? Prima di tutto, possibile arresto cardiaco, poiché con l'aumento della contrattilità atriale, anche l'attività ventricolare soffre. Pertanto, è importante sapere in quali casi può essere necessaria l'assistenza medica a causa della condizione patologica che si è manifestata..
Descrizione della fibrillazione atriale
La fibrillazione dovrebbe essere intesa come attività contrattile frequente, quando tutto il cuore o le sue singole parti sono eccitate da impulsi caotici e scoordinati. La fibrillazione atriale (FA) è la definizione di una frequenza cardiaca superiore a 150 al minuto, mentre il focus patologico dell'eccitazione è negli atri. In questi casi, la tachicardia sopraventricolare è di 250-700 battiti al minuto e la tachicardia ventricolare è leggermente inferiore - 250-400 battiti al minuto.
La fibrillazione atriale si basa sulla trasmissione ciclica degli impulsi. A causa dell'influenza di vari fattori (infarto, ischemia, infezione)
nel tessuto muscolare del cuore si formano aree con un sistema di conduzione disturbato. Più ce ne sono, maggiore è il rischio di sviluppare fibrillazione. Se un impulso arriva in un tale sito, non può essere trasmesso ulteriormente, quindi ritorna e porta alla contrattilità dei cardiomiociti già passati.
Trasmissione normale degli impulsi
In alcuni casi, i focolai patologici vengono creati dalle cellule del cuore, che a loro volta iniziano a generare un impulso. Se ci sono molti di questi punti focali, il lavoro del cuore diventa scoordinato e caotico. Indipendentemente dal modo in cui gli impulsi patologici vengono creati negli atri, non raggiungono completamente i ventricoli, quindi questi ultimi non si contraggono velocemente come la parte atriale delle fibre.
Sintomi di fibrillazione atriale
Il quadro clinico dipende in gran parte dalla gravità dei disturbi emodinamici. In loro assenza, il decorso della malattia può essere asintomatico. Manifestazioni gravi possono causare conseguenze irreversibili che portano a insufficienza cardiaca.
Gli episodi di fibrillazione atriale, espressi in parossismi, possono essere accompagnati da:
- dolore al petto;
- battito cardiaco frequente;
- minzione frequente.
Il verificarsi di mancanza di respiro, vertigini, debolezza indica un'insufficienza cardiaca in via di sviluppo. Nei casi più gravi, ci sono condizioni di semi-svenimento e svenimento.
La carenza di polso è una delle caratteristiche della fibrillazione. Se si sente un battito cardiaco accelerato all'apice del cuore, quando viene confrontato con il polso al polso, viene determinata una mancanza di pulsazione. Ciò è dovuto a un'insufficiente emissione di sangue dal ventricolo sinistro, nonostante un battito cardiaco frequente..
Il tromboembolismo, che è più spesso espresso come ictus, può essere il primo segno di fibrillazione atriale in quei pazienti che non hanno presentato reclami o hanno subito rari attacchi di parossismo.
Cause di fibrillazione atriale
Nella maggior parte dei casi, la FA
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percent were reported to authorities for purposes of locating them.
Of the total runaway/thrownaway youth, an estimated 1,190,900 (71
percent) could have been endangered during their runaway/thrownaway
episode by virtue of factors such as substance dependency, use of hard
drugs, sexual or physical abuse, presence in a place where criminal
activity was occurring, or extremely young age (13 years old or younger).
Youth ages 1517 made up two-thirds of the youth with runaway/thrownaway
episodes during the study year.
There is suggestive evidence that the runaway problem may have been
smaller in 1999 than it was in 1988.A step by step tutorial teaching you how to create your own chat client and chat server easily in C#, for local networks or the Internet.
A C# tutorial showing you how to make use of WMI to extract information on disk drives, such as model, capacity, sectors and serial number.
This tutorial will teach you how to calculate the shipping cost based on the weight, height, length and depth of the box, the distance and the UPS service type.
What is the difference between the int and Int32 datatype, or String and string (lowercase)?
On Saturday, May 14th 2005 at 03:35 AM
By Andrew Pociu (View Profile)
(Rated 3.6 with 9 votes)
The same applies for String (uppercase S) which is System.String, while string (lowercase S) is an alias for System.String.
So basically int is the same thing as Int32, and string is the same thing as Int32. It's down to user's preference which one to use but most prefer to use int and string as they are easier to type and more familiar among C++ programmers.
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C# Job SearchThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that 1 in 12 America adults suffer from asthma. In 2008, this resulted in 14.2 million missed days of work that cost the U.S. $56 billion in health care costs and lost productivity.
A recent study found that a 2.5 million deaths worldwide can be attributed to pollution and poor air quality. Ozone contributed to the death of 470,000 people. Some 2.1 million deaths resulted from fine particulate matter in the air.
How Nature Helps
While there is no cure for asthma, one of its main triggers is air pollution. Planting more trees is proven to lessen air pollution and improve air quality, which in turn contributes to healthier air, lungs, and residents.
|ASLA 2010 Professional Landmark Award, Bryant Park, NYC. OLIN / Image credit: Peter Mauss, Esto
|ASLA 2007 Professional General Design Honor Award, The Red Ribbon — Tanghe River Park, Turenscape (Beijing Turen Design Institute) and Peking University Graduate School of Landscape Architecture / Image credit: Kongjian Yu, Cao Yang
"Modeled PM2.5 Removal by Trees in Ten US Cities and Associated Health Effects" Environmental Pollution, 2013
"The Relationship between Trees and Human Health: Evidence from the Spread of the Emerald Ash Borer" American Journal of Preventative Medicine, 2013
"Sustaining America's Urban Trees and Forests," U.S. Forest Service, 2010
Urban Forests = Cooler, Cleaner Air, ASLA
"Parks are Part of Our Healthcare System," The Dirt blog
How Cities Use Parks to Improve Public Health, American Planning Association
In Mexico City, a City's Scar Becomes its Most Prized Park, The Atlantic Cities
One Million Trees NYC
Chicago Trees Initiative
Million Trees LA
Role of the Landscape Architect
Adding more trees to the built environment is critical in combating air pollution, and landscape architects did just that in projects like Bryant Park in New York City, which provides ample tree cover as well as cleaner, cooler air.
Large-scale naturalistic parks in cities, like Tanghe River Park in Qinhuangdao City, China, work hard to scrub the air of pollution created by cars and industry.
Landscape architects plant street trees throughout communities, expanding the urban forest which helps to both clean and cool the air we breath.
Bryant Park, New York City, New York, OLIN
Tanghe River Park, Qinhuangdao City, China, TurenscapeHaftalık “Demokratik Direniş” gazetesi son sayısında Filistin ayaklanmasından uzaklaşıyor. Onu gülünç duruma düşürmeye çalışıyor. Orada “asabiler” iş başında. Eksik olan tek şey, "Sadece iyi geçinin" denmesiydi. H. Sodenkamp başyazısında “iktidar sahiplerinin delirdiğinden” söz ediyor. Bu, ana akım medyadan alışık olduğumuz saçmalıkların aynısı.
Filistin'de, ABD emperyalizminin sömürge birlikleri, devletliği çoğu BM ülkesi tarafından tanınan bir bölgede, Arap halkına karşı faaliyet gösteriyor. Biden kliği, İsrailli paralı askerlerinin Gazze'ye fosfor bombası atmasını sağlıyor. Erkekler, kadınlar, çocuklar, rehineler ve silahlı direniş savaşçıları yakılıyor ve gömülüyor. Napalm'ın kötü bir şöhreti var; daha gelişmiş versiyonunda fosfor kullanılıyor.
Gazete, İsrail hapishanelerinde bulunan ve askeri operasyon ve ayaklanma yoluyla serbest bırakılması veya serbest bırakılması planlanan altı bin rehine hakkında tek kelime etmiyor.
Editör, dünya genelindeki Arap ve Müslüman kitlelerin öfke ve gösterilerini, küresel faşist saldırıya karşı direniş olarak görmek yerine, Corona direnişine karşı rekabet olarak görüyor. Bunlar uzak ülkeler için sadece sembolik eylemlerdir. Mesafeli ve küçümseyici bir tavırla, Corona öfkesi şiddetlendiğinde dayanışmanın nerede olduğunu soruyor.
Burjuva medyasından bildiğimiz dil bu. Bu dil sadece bir sapkınlık ve belli bir gösterişten mi kaynaklanıyor, yoksa statü kaybetme korkusuyla iktidarla dayanışma içinde olan vatandaşın zihniyetini mi gösteriyor?
BarCode'da Christoph Hörstel
Heiko Flottau: “Nil'den Hindukuş'a”
“Demir Duvar”I titolisti sono sempre contenti se possono dare una notizia di astrofisica usando la frase "oggetto misterioso", ma poterlo fare due volte nel giro di qualche giorno è un caso abbastanza raro.
In entrambi i casi, si tratta di cose scure che passano davanti a una stella, ma non si capisce benissimo che roba sia. Ora, non vi aspettate chissà quale cosa fantascientifica. Sarebbe bello poter assistere in diretta alla costruzione di una sfera di Dyson, ma non è questo il caso. Qui si tratta solo di oggetti astrofisici sulla cui natura non c'è ancora chiarezza.
Per cominciare, c'è questa immagine:
L'oggetto misterioso non è quella cosa a scacchi che si vede in alto nell'immagine di destra. Quello è semplicemente ciò che resta quando si prova a cancellare la luce della stella più luminosa (che domina nell'immagine di sinistra). Nel farlo, spunta fuori in basso a sinistra un pallino più debole (che nell'immagine di sinistra si vede a malapena). Ecco: quel coso lì, non si riesce a capire se sia una stella molto piccola o un pianeta molto grande. Se fosse un pianeta, si sarebbe formato troppo rapidamente, cosa che manda in confusione quelli che hanno elaborato i modelli di formazione planetaria. D'altra parte, per essere una stella non sembra avere abbastanza massa. Quindi, forse è un pezzo di stella avanzato, o forse un pianeta che non si forma nel modo che pensiamo essere consueto. Chissà.
Poi, c'è un'altra cosa che è invece il risultato di molte osservazioni a distanza di tempo, sicché se ne può fare un filmatino:
Si sapeva da almeno 175 anni che c'è qualcosa che gira lì intorno con un periodo di 27 anni. Ma ora si vede piuttosto bene che la cosa che impalla la luce della stella è una specie di disco schiacciato. Cosa sarà? Una nube o un disco di polveri, probabilmente. In attesa di chiarire la questione, la cosa straordinaria è essere riusciti a ottenere un'immagine così chiara.The number of significant genetic associations with common complex traits is constantly increasing. However, most of these associations have not been understood at molecular level. One of the mechanisms mediating the effect of DNA variants on phenotypes is gene expression, which has been shown to be particularly relevant for complex traits1.
This method tests in a cellular context the effect of specific DNA sequences on gene expression. The principle is to measure the relative abundance of transcripts arising from the two alleles of a gene, analysing cells which carry one copy of the DNA sequences associated with disease (the risk variants)2,3. Therefore, the cells used for this method should meet two fundamental genotypic requirements: they have to be heterozygous both for DNA risk variants and for DNA markers, typically coding polymorphisms, which can distinguish transcripts based on their chromosomal origin (Figure 1). DNA risk variants and DNA markers do not need to have the same allele frequency but the phase (haplotypic) relationship of the genetic markers needs to be understood. It is also important to choose cell types which express the gene of interest. This protocol refers specifically to the procedure adopted to extract nucleic acids from fibroblasts but the method is equally applicable to other cells types including primary cells.
DNA and RNA are extracted from the selected cell lines and cDNA is generated. DNA and cDNA are analysed with a primer extension assay, designed to target the coding DNA markers4. The primer extension assay is carried out using the MassARRAY (Sequenom)5 platform according to the manufacturer's specifications. Primer extension products are then analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS). Because the selected markers are heterozygous they will generate two peaks on the MS profiles. The area of each peak is proportional to the transcript abundance and can be measured with a function of the MassARRAY Typer software to generate an allelic ratio (allele 1: allele 2) calculation. The allelic ratio obtained for cDNA is normalized using that measured from genomic DNA, where the allelic ratio is expected to be 1:1 to correct for technical artifacts. Markers with a normalised allelic ratio significantly different to 1 indicate that the amount of transcript generated from the two chromosomes in the same cell is different, suggesting that the DNA variants associated with the phenotype have an effect on gene expression. Experimental controls should be used to confirm the results.
21 Related JoVE Articles!
Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining
Institutions: CNRS UMR 5534, Université de Lyon 1, LabEX DEVweCAN, CNRS UPR 3296, CNRS UMR 5286.
Single cell codetection of a gene, its RNA product and cellular regulatory proteins is critical to study gene expression regulation. This is a challenge in the field of virology; in particular for nuclear-replicating persistent DNA viruses that involve animal models for their study. Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) establishes a life-long latent infection in peripheral neurons. Latent virus serves as reservoir, from which it reactivates and induces a new herpetic episode. The cell biology of HSV-1 latency remains poorly understood, in part due to the lack of methods to detect HSV-1 genomes in situ
in animal models. We describe a DNA-fluorescent in situ
hybridization (FISH) approach efficiently detecting low-copy viral genomes within sections of neuronal tissues from infected animal models. The method relies on heat-based antigen unmasking, and directly labeled home-made DNA probes, or commercially available probes. We developed a triple staining approach, combining DNA-FISH with RNA-FISH and immunofluorescence, using peroxidase based signal amplification to accommodate each staining requirement. A major improvement is the ability to obtain, within 10 µm tissue sections, low-background signals that can be imaged at high resolution by confocal microscopy and wide-field conventional epifluorescence. Additionally, the triple staining worked with a wide range of antibodies directed against cellular and viral proteins. The complete protocol takes 2.5 days to accommodate antibody and probe penetration within the tissue.
Neuroscience, Issue 83, Life Sciences (General), Virology, Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV), Latency, In situ hybridization, Nuclear organization, Gene expression, Microscopy
Infinium Assay for Large-scale SNP Genotyping Applications
Institutions: Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation.
Genotyping variants in the human genome has proven to be an efficient method to identify genetic associations with phenotypes. The distribution of variants within families or populations can facilitate identification of the genetic factors of disease. Illumina's panel of genotyping BeadChips allows investigators to genotype thousands or millions of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or to analyze other genomic variants, such as copy number, across a large number of DNA samples. These SNPs can be spread throughout the genome or targeted in specific regions in order to maximize potential discovery. The Infinium assay has been optimized to yield high-quality, accurate results quickly. With proper setup, a single technician can process from a few hundred to over a thousand DNA samples per week, depending on the type of array. This assay guides users through every step, starting with genomic DNA and ending with the scanning of the array. Using propriety reagents, samples are amplified, fragmented, precipitated, resuspended, hybridized to the chip, extended by a single base, stained, and scanned on either an iScan or Hi Scan high-resolution optical imaging system. One overnight step is required to amplify the DNA. The DNA is denatured and isothermally amplified by whole-genome amplification; therefore, no PCR is required. Samples are hybridized to the arrays during a second overnight step. By the third day, the samples are ready to be scanned and analyzed. Amplified DNA may be stockpiled in large quantities, allowing bead arrays to be processed every day of the week, thereby maximizing throughput.
Basic Protocol, Issue 81, genomics, SNP, Genotyping, Infinium, iScan, HiScan, Illumina
P50 Sensory Gating in Infants
Institutions: University of Colorado School of Medicine, Colorado State University.
Attentional deficits are common in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder, autism, bipolar mood disorder, and schizophrenia. There has been increasing interest in the neurodevelopmental components of these attentional deficits; neurodevelopmental meaning that while the deficits become clinically prominent in childhood or adulthood, the deficits are the results of problems in brain development that begin in infancy or even prenatally. Despite this interest, there are few methods for assessing attention very early in infancy. This report focuses on one method, infant auditory P50 sensory gating.
Attention has several components. One of the earliest components of attention, termed sensory gating, allows the brain to tune out repetitive, noninformative sensory information. Auditory P50 sensory gating refers to one task designed to measure sensory gating using changes in EEG. When identical auditory stimuli are presented 500 ms apart, the evoked response (change in the EEG associated with the processing of the click) to the second stimulus is generally reduced relative to the response to the first stimulus (i.e.
the response is "gated"). When response to the second stimulus is not reduced, this is considered a poor sensory gating, is reflective of impaired cerebral inhibition, and is correlated with attentional deficits.
Because the auditory P50 sensory gating task is passive, it is of potential utility in the study of young infants and may provide a window into the developmental time course of attentional deficits in a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. The goal of this presentation is to describe the methodology for assessing infant auditory P50 sensory gating, a methodology adapted from those used in studies of adult populations.
Behavior, Issue 82, Child Development, Psychophysiology, Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Evoked Potentials, Auditory, auditory evoked potential, sensory gating, infant, attention, electrophysiology, infants, sensory gating, endophenotype, attention, P50
Isolation of Normal and Cancer-associated Fibroblasts from Fresh Tissues by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)
Institutions: Tel Aviv University.
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most prominent cell type within the tumor stroma of many cancers, in particular breast carcinoma, and their prominent presence is often associated with poor prognosis1,2
. CAFs are an activated subpopulation of stromal fibroblasts, many of which express the myofibroblast marker α-SMA3
. CAFs originate from local tissue fibroblasts as well as from bone marrow-derived cells recruited into the developing tumor and adopt a CAF phenotype under the influence of the tumor microenvironment4
. CAFs were shown to facilitate tumor initiation, growth and progression through signaling that promotes tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and invasion5-8
. We demonstrated that CAFs enhance tumor growth by mediating tumor-promoting inflammation, starting at the earliest pre-neoplastic stages9
. Despite increasing evidence of the key role CAFs play in facilitating tumor growth, studying CAFs has been an on-going challenge due to the lack of CAF-specific markers and the vast heterogeneity of these cells, with many subtypes co-existing in the tumor microenvironment10
. Moreover, studying fibroblasts in vitro
is hindered by the fact that their gene expression profile is often altered in tissue culture11,12
. To address this problem and to allow unbiased gene expression profiling of fibroblasts from fresh mouse and human tissues, we developed a method based on previous protocols for Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS)13,14
. Our approach relies on utilizing PDGFRα as a surface marker to isolate fibroblasts from fresh mouse and human tissue. PDGFRα is abundantly expressed by both normal fibroblasts and CAFs9,15
. This method allows isolation of pure populations of normal fibroblasts and CAFs, including, but not restricted to α-SMA+ activated myofibroblasts. Isolated fibroblasts can then be used for characterization and comparison of the evolution of gene expression that occurs in CAFs during tumorigenesis. Indeed, we and others reported expression profiling of fibroblasts isolated by cell sorting16
. This protocol was successfully performed to isolate and profile highly enriched populations of fibroblasts from skin, mammary, pancreas and lung tissues. Moreover, our method also allows culturing of sorted
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satışa sunulan 180 milyon kupon anlamına gelir.
Böyle Ocak ayında "del Nino" gibi diğer oyunların, durumunda, bu sayı Ocak 2017 örneğin, mevcut basılı kuponların 40 setleri satın almak için, bir yere arasında yer almaktadır.
kuponlar Her 10 parça ayrılmıştır, tüm bu kuponu (10 parçalar) veya kupon onda birini, ya da başka herhangi bir kombinasyonu satın seçeneği sunar.
, ElGordo aylık piyango çekmek sırasında 2 davul vardır. İlk davul 100.000 küçük topları içerir ve ikinci tambur mevcut ödül sayısına eşit topların sayısını içerir.
piyango çekiliş sırasında, kazananları belirlemek için, beş basamaklı bir sayı ile öncelikle top kazanan numara üzerine basılan ilk tamburdan rastgele seçilir. Sonra ikinci top üzerinde basılı ödül miktarı ile ikinci tambur arasından seçilir.
Her iki topları eşleştirerek bu numaraya atanmış bir kazanan numara ve ödül var.
Biz bu kısa makalede soruya bir cevap verdi umut:
El Gordo İspanyol piyango farklı varyasyonları nelerdir?Mass Violence and Atrocities | Selected Article
Half the Peace
The Fear Challenge and the Case for Promoting Peace
January’s report from UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Peacebuilding and Sustaining Peace, outlines different initiatives taken over the past two years in implementing sustainable peace resolutions, drawing on a variety of countries’ examples of joint analysis and planning, effective partnerships, and innovative approaches to financing. But although progress has been made, there are obstacles in the road ahead.
I am an outsider to the United Nations—an academic who leads a multidisciplinary research team at Columbia University studying and modeling the dynamics of sustainably peaceful societies. Our review of the UN approach to sustaining peace has identified a few major challenges to its success—a central one being what may be called the “fear challenge.” An appreciation of this challenge can strengthen the capacity of the United Nations to support member states in sustaining peace.
The Fear Challenge
Research has long shown that humans have two fundamentally different ways of viewing the world: as a place with problems to be prevented and as a place with opportunities to be achieved. These two distinct lenses lead to profound differences in how we see, think, feel, act, and lead. Because problems are usually experienced as threats and instill fear, they have long been prioritized over opportunities in human decision making and institutions. This is evident in the dominant focus in medicine on preventing and treating illness and pathology rather than on promoting wellness and human thriving.
Similarly, much of our thinking on international relations has long been dominated by a prevention mind-set based on the Hobbesian, realist assumptions that humans and their groups are intrinsically selfish, competitive, territorial warmongers who simply need to be prevented from killing one another.1 This basic belief was salient at the birth of the United Nations, which was formed in the wake of the horrors of World War II, Nazi death camps, and the nuclear nightmares in Hiroshima and Nagasaki. So it is logical that the United Nations’ orientation to its world peace mandate has long been focused on addressing crises and preventing problems like war and genocide—the crises are often urgent, and the problems are many and too often intractable.
But there is a problem with focusing solely on preventing problems. Researchers in many areas—including medicine, psychology, education, and economics—have found that the treatment and prevention of problems like disease, ignorance, and poverty, albeit critical, are often insufficient to promoting positive states of well-being. Our group has also found this in our research on peacebuilding. In over 20 studies conducted in Israel-Palestine, we found that the motives that drive people to want to end the conflict are fundamentally distinct from those that drive people to want to work to promote peace.2 They are not opposites—they are qualitatively different causes.
This essentially means that those of us who have spent our careers trying to study and promote peace have been missing half the story. This is evidenced by the fact that the vast majority of published research on peace focuses on negative peace or the elimination of overt forms of violence. Yes, preventing crises and addressing the root causes of conflict can reduce distrust, enmity, hostility, and violence within and between communities. But alone it will not promote trust, cooperation, common bonds, harmony, and peace. So the United Nations’ proposed transition toward preventing rather than reacting to conflict alone—while an important step—is not enough to achieve the goal of sustaining peace.
What is also needed is the promotion, measurement, and tracking of those factors that foster peacefulness in societies—the positive elements. However, positive measures of intergroup trust, harmony, cooperation, and social integration are simply much less common, and it is harder to find existing state-level data. It is also true that states of positive peace are harder to measure than incidents of conflict, violence, and war, because they are more nuanced, multidimensional, and less salient, and therefore less observable at any point in time. In other words, it is easier to see acts of violence and war than states of positive peace.
Nevertheless, we do know what to measure. As our research has shown, the study of peaceful societies teaches us that a few basic factors are associated with sustaining peace, including an overarching identity that unites groups across their differences; interconnections among subgroups through trade, intermarriage, sports teams, or associations; cooperative forms of interdependence due to mutual ecological or economic dependencies or common security interests; socialization of nonwarring values and taboos against violence in homes, schools, and communities; symbolism and ceremonies that reinforce and celebrate peace; and the physical safety of women, which is a better predictor of state peacefulness than levels of democracy, wealth, or religious fundamentalism. At the international level, research suggests that the emergence of territorial norms against conquest and violent succession, and supporting peaceful decolonization, combined with an increase in the availability and use of conflict-management processes like mediation, are associated with the movement of many bilateral state relationships in the direction of positive peace. So the positive indicators are increasingly clear.
Nonetheless, our capacities to formulate policies that are conflict sensitive and peace promotive, to conduct conflict analyses and peace opportunity assessments on the ground, and to develop measures of and collect data on factors mitigating destructive conflict and promoting positive peace are sorely lacking. For example, the Global Peace Index (GPI), produced by the Institute for Economics and Peace, was launched in 2007 as an attempt to measure and rank the relative positions of member states’ levels of peacefulness. Once the developers of the scale realized it only measured negative peace, they launched a Positive Peace Index (PPI) to measure the factors that can improve a country’s positive peacefulness. However, even the PPI primarily measures the absence of problems. Our recent analysis of the 2017 PPI suggests that 57 percent of the current indices measure the presence or absence of problems such as discrimination, crime, intergroup disparities, civil disorder, and riots. This is also true for most indices used to measure UN Sustainable Development Goal 16 on promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions, which currently evidence a 3-to-1 ratio of problems to solutions.3
This suggests that even with a growing evidence base of the factors that promote positive peace, our narrow, negative view of what constitutes societal and international peace continues to constrain our capacity to build more-robust and therefore sustainable combinations of positive and negative peace. Accordingly, the systematic development and implementation of positive peace practices, goals, and indices should be a priority of the international community. Without them we will continue to focus on only “half the peace.”
What Does This Mean for the United Nations?
In light of this challenge, the United Nations should incentivize and support the systematic study of sustainably peaceful societies and international peace systems. Doing so would further develop the evidence base for promoting sustainable peace. Furthermore, it should take measures that will develop its capacities to formulate policies that are conflict sensitive and peace promotive, to conduct conflict analyses and peace opportunity assessments on the ground, and to develop measures of and collect data on factors mitigating destructive conflict and promoting positive peace.
A version of this article originally was published March 19, 2018, in the International Peace Institute’s Global Observatory.
1 This myth has been roundly refuted by archaeological evidence finding that war is a relatively new invention and humans lived in peace for millions of years prior to the onset of the scourge of war. Archaeologist Jonathan Haas sums up the situation: “There is negligible evidence for any kind of warfare anywhere in the world before about 10,000 years ago.” J. Haas, The Anthropology of War (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1990).
2 P. T. Coleman, H. Moskowitz, T. Harel-Marian, N. El Zohm, J. Kaminskaia, S. Onufrey, and M. Braun, “Mining the Motives for Peace: Investigating Distinct Mind Types for Promoting Peace in Israel-Palestine (working paper).
3 The recent development of indices such as the Gross National Happiness Index and the Harmony Index speak to the potential to better understand the conditions promoting positive relations.
Mass Violence and AtrocitiesHalf the Peace
Mass Violence and AtrocitiesPutting Environmental Stress (Back) on the Mass Atrocities Agenda
Mass Violence and AtrocitiesDeveloping a Global Mechanism for Atrocity Forecasting and Prevention
June 30, 2021Confronting Identity-Based Mass Violence: Bridging Expertise on Urban Violence and Atrocity Prevention
March 9-11, 2016UN Issues Conference: Developing a Global Mechanism for Atrocity Forecasting and PreventionEsrarengiz Samanyolu X'in ilk resmi
Devasa X şeklindeki yapı galaktik tarihe ipuçları veriyorYüksek sesle okuma
Samanyolu Merkezinde bir X: ilk kez gökbilimciler, Samanyolu'nun kalbindeki gizemli X yapısını doğrudan tasvir edebildiler. Böylelikle şimdiye kadar yalnızca dolaylı olarak kapatabilecek böyle bir X-şekilli yıldız yoğunluğunun arttığı bir bölge vardır. Fakat şimdi WISE kızılötesi teleskopundan elde edilen verilerden ortaya çıkan bir resim onu görünür hale getirdi - varlığıyla ilgili şüpheleri ortadan kaldırdı. Aynı zamanda, bu aynı zamanda galaksimizin merkezi kabarmasının bir zamanlar nasıl ortaya çıktığını açıklamaya yardımcı olur.
Samanyolu, tipik bir çubuk şeklinde sarmaldır - merkezi kısmı düz bir kirişe uzanan sarmal bir gökadadır. Ama hepsi bu kadar değil, Zaten birkaç yıl önce, gökbilimciler galaksinin merkezindeki yıldızların garip bir x şeklinde yapı oluşturduğuna dair kanıt buldular. Bununla birlikte, bu yapının doğrudan bir görüntüsü eksikti.
Toz bulutlarının arkasına bak
Bu şimdi Toronto Üniversitesi'nden gökbilimci zahmetli çalışmaları sayesinde değişti. Mayıs 2015'te NASA'nın WISE uydusundan ücretsiz elde edilebilecek verilerden Samanyolu ve merkezinin bir resmini derleyip yayınladı. “Ben bu WISE görüntüsüne 150 gigapiksel eklemenin ne kadar sürdüğünü kabul etmek istemiyorum” diye yazdı.
Çıkıntı genellikle kalın toz bulutları ile kaplandığından, alttaki yapıları görünür kılmak için bunun gibi kızılötesi görüntülere ihtiyaç vardır. Bununla birlikte, önceki WISE görüntüleri yıldızlar gibi iyi ışık kaynakları göstermek için tasarlanırken, Lang, verileri daha büyük ölçekli yapıların daha iyi görülebilmesi için değerlendirdi.
Kutudan X'e
Heidelberg'deki Max Planck Astronomi Enstitüsü'nden Melisssa Ness, Long tarafından derlenen WISE fotoğrafını gördüğünde, Samanyolu'nun şişmesi için açık bir kutu yapısının görülebildiğini fark etti. Bu uzun zamandır aranan X yapısını gizleyebilir mi? Öğrenmek için Ness ve Lang, WISE atışını işlemeye devam ettiler ve ince X şeklini görselleştirmeyi başardılar. ekranBu resimde Samanyolu'nun şişkinliğindeki yıldızların X şeklinde dağılımı özellikle açıktır. Resimde merkezi 30 derece galaktik enlem ve galaktik uzunluk gösterilmektedir ve NASA'nın WISE uydusundaki verilere dayanmaktadır. Lang Dustin Lang / Dunlap Enstitüsü
İlk defa, galaksimizin kalbindeki devasa X, astronomik bir görüntüde doğrudan görülebilir. Bu görüntü ile, X-yapısının varlığından artık şüphe edilemez. Araştırmacılar, “Samanyolu şişkinliğinin bu WISE görüntüsü, X şeklindeki yapının bariz ve tartışılmaz olduğunu gösteriyor” dedi.
Birleşme yok
Heyecan verici, galaksimizin kalbindeki X'tir, ancak sıra dışı şekli nedeniyle değildir. Ayrıca, galaktik diskin merkezi kalınlaşmasının bir zamanlar nasıl ortaya çıktığı hakkında değerli bilgiler de sağlar. Şimdiye kadar iki rakip teori var. Birincisi galaksimiz diğer küçük galaksilerle birleştiğinde, yeni yıldızlar ve madde kazanırken ortaya çıkan şişkinlikti.
Öte yandan, alternatif model, şişliği, galaksimizin zaten var olan yıldızlarının evriminden dışardan yardım almadan ortaya çıkan dinamik bir yapı olarak görüyor. Yıldızların yörüngeleri, kirişin etrafında çubuk kraker benzeri halkalar oluşturur, bu da şişkinliğe açısal bir görünüm kazandırır - veya bazen bir X'e benzer. Yeni WISE görüntüsünde şimdi görünen X yapısı bu ikinci senaryoyu desteklemektedir. Ness, “Bu, şişkinliğin gerçekten de galaksimizin yıldız dağılımının evrimsel süreçleri tarafından yaratıldığını gösteriyor” diyor.
Gelecekteki gözlemler, şişkinlikteki yıldızların dinamiklerini ve özelliklerini daha fazla araştıracak ve onların oluşumlarının ayrıntıları hakkında sonuçlar çıkaracaktır. Her neyse, cevapların bulunduğu yer açıkça X ile işaretlenmiş. (Astronomik Dergisi, 2016; doi: 10.3847 / 0004-6256 / 152/1/14)
(Max Planck Astronomi Enstitüsü, 20.07.2016 - NPO)Likya’nın başkenti olan bu bölge, özellikle mezar sanatı konusunda, Likya geleneğinin Helen etkisiyle harmanlanmasını göstermektedir. Kitabeleri, Likyalıların tarihini ve Hint-Avrupa dil ailesine mensup dillerini anlamamız açısından çok önemlidir.
Nasıl bir program istediğinizi söyleyin, size hayallerinizdeki geziyi tasarlayalım, siz dünyayı nasıl görmek isterseniz öyle bir rotayla; herkes için değil sizin tercihleriniz, sizin hayalleriniz, sizin maceranız içinActivity 1: Facilitating Interfaith Dialogue
Activity time: 40 minutes
Materials for Activity
- Newsprint, markers, and tape
- Leader Resource 1, Tough Comment Cards
- Handout 1, Facilitator's Tools for Shared Value of Service Discussion
- Handout 2, Texts on the Shared Value of Service
- Group covenant created in Workshop 1 and modified in Workshop 4
- Timepiece (minutes)
- Bell or chime
Preparation for Activity
- Print one or two copies of Leader Resource 1, preferably on card stock. Cut the quotations apart.
- Post the group covenant.
- Post blank newsprint.
Description of Activity
Participants role-play tough situations in interfaith dialogue and practice facilitating interfaith dialogue.
Say, in your own words:
For our upcoming service event, being able to facilitate dialogue among people of different beliefs and backgrounds is a critical skill. The only way to get good at dialogue facilitation is to practice. So, today you will do some role playing. This will give you a chance to recognize what you like when you take part in a facilitated dialogue. But first, because this can be hard to talk about, I would like to re-set the safe space we established with our covenant.
Review the group covenant with participants. Ask, "Is there anything you would like to add or take away from this list to ensure that everyone feels safe and can be honest during this dialogue?"
Once the group has agreed on safe space guidelines, go to the blank newsprint and say:
All of you have been a part of facilitated dialogues, maybe here in the congregation, at school, or elsewhere. What have you seen work well, and what does not work, in a facilitated dialogue?
Take five to ten minutes to solicit and discuss participants' ideas. On newsprint, briefly note ideas you can frame as positive guidelines for facilitated dialogue. Then, say:
This is a great list! You all are very close to being interfaith dialogue leaders already. Now, let's take some time to consider one type of interfaith discussion-there are many-and practice the skills you just listed.
Distribute Handouts 1 and 2. Take a few minutes to walk through both handouts:
- Point out the dialogue format provided on Handout 1. Note that it leads a group from safe space to text discussion to storytelling and back to closing thoughts.
- Point out the texts on Handout 2. Read them together, aloud or silently.
Say, in your own words:
I am going to give you Tough Comments related to this exact dialogue for you to respond to in small groups. You will each have a turn at facilitating your small group.
As an interfaith leader, your goal is always to build religious pluralism and relationships. Remember: Your assignment is to facilitate conversation in the group. That might mean you choose not to speak but to listen as others respond to the comment. A facilitator is different from a teacher. For example, if you think there is an error in someone's "tough comment," you might choose not to correct them, but instead to ask questions to that person or to the group as a whole. Consider what you say carefully, because it will set the tone of safety and appropriateness for everyone involved.
Form groups of four. Give each group some of the Tough Comment cards (Leader Resource 1). Invite groups to choose one member to practice facilitation first and one to read their Tough Comment card, and see where it goes. Tell them you will ring the bell every few minutes; then, each small group should debrief what has happened, try and come up with improvements, and then move on to give someone new a turn at facilitation.
Listen to the small groups and comment, if needed. Note when participant-facilitators teach or scold; move them toward affirming, storytelling, and asking questions. If you feel it will be helpful, you might say:
Getting into an argument
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eviren: Umut Can Yıldız)There is a long lineup of scientists who have made groundbreaking discoveries and useful contributions to science, but not many have made the cut to be a special, annual holiday. Back in 1993, Dr. Robert Stephens saw it fit to give that honor to Charles Darwin, the naturalist and geologist whose theories in the origins of modern life have impacted the way humans understand their existence and connection with the rest of the world.
An admirer of Charles Darwin, Dr. Robert Stephens is a cell and molecular biologist who is ardent about inspiring compassion through science. And it all traces back to Charles Darwin. In an interview with the International Darwin Day Foundation, Dr. Stephens described Darwin as “a gentile and companionate man with extraordinary skills of observation and reason,” and, along with Darwin’s wife, “exemplified the ethical and moral values as described in “Humanism and its Aspirations.”
And so, in November 1993, Dr. Stephens pitched the idea of Darwin Day in front of the Humanist Community at Stanford University. Needless to say, the members present at the meeting were receptive to the idea—and soon started oiling the wheels to make the event a success. The preparations included everything from obtaining funds from supportive organizations to getting in touch with influential speakers for the first event, which was then held on April 22, 1995.
Eventually, Dr. Stephens worked with key persons abroad—educators, thought leaders, and scientists—to bring Darwin Day to an international audience. All efforts proved to be fruitful, as Darwin Day now gets celebrated worldwide every February 12—the birthday of Darwin himself.
More than an appreciation of Darwin’s contributions to modern biology, Darwin Day ought to emphasize Darwin’s impact on philosophy. According to Dr. Stephens, Darwin’s life and work lend much to the “fundamental values of Humanism.” Indeed, Darwin’s theories removed the idea of a higher purpose and, in effect, offered a much more sensible approach to human ethics and morals.
As for what humanists, freethinkers, and atheists can do? Dr. Stephen urges everyone to utilize the natural selection and modern scientific methods to reframe mindsets—the same way Dr. Stephen employed science to be the pragmatic humanist he is today. “I was a farm boy, but wouldn’t have been interested in Darwin if it wasn’t for my education.”
Charles Darwin has, indeed, catalyzed developments in science, health, and philosophy, and continuously inspires us to be more aware of our place in the world. On Darwin Day, it is our turn to carry on his legacy and inspire others to think critically, seek answers methodically, and act ethically in relation to our communities.Lavatoio di Via A. Manzoni (fino al 1924)
Il primo lavatoio di Oneglia, sorse su progetto del 1854 all'interno dei vasti giardini pubblici esitenti alla foce del torrente Impero. L'acqua avrebbe dovuto essere portata nella vasca tramite una sorta di mulino a vento (una noria per la precisione) a partire da una risorgiva locale detta "sorgente dell'acqua calda". Il progetto prevedeva la costruzione di un serbatoio centrale che avrebbe alimentato a cascata le vasche, per una capienza complessiva di 60 posti. Tuttavia fin dall'inizio sorsero grossi problemi con le pale della noria e con l'impermeabilizzazione della vasca-serbatoio e per l'alimentazione in pratica ci si dovette arrangiare con soluzioni di ripiego, determinando così un declino inarrestabile nell'uso del lavatoio. Inoltre l'uso delle vasche era soggetto ad un piccolo pagamento, fattore che ne scoraggiò ulteriormente l'uso da parte delle lavandaie. La sua storia finì nel 1924, quando venne demolito per la costruzione dei nuovi stabilimenti iderurgici.
Lavatoio di Piazza Unità Nazionale (demolito 1984)
Il lavatoio di Piazza Unità Nazionale (presso la stazione di Imperia Oneglia) venne edificato nel 1924 a seguito della demolizione dei giardini e del lavatoio collocati alla foce del torrente Impero per realizzare lo stabilimento siderurgico. Pur mantenendo le stesse dimensioni del precedente (60 posti), fu concepito molto diversamente, seguendo il modello dei lavatoi milanesi. L'alimentazione avveniva tramite l'acquedotto civico e, cosa più importante, l'acqua non si riversava tra le vasche per gravità, ma ogni vasca era dotata di un proprio rubinetto e di un proprio scarico. Inoltre era composto da vasche alternate: una per risciacquare e una per insaponare. La copertura era in cemento armato, così come tutto l'edificio, che mantenne la propria funzionalità fino agli inizi del 1984, quando il comune decise di trasformarlo per altri scopi. Attualmente l'edificio esiste ancora, ma è sede di Imperia Servizi,
Lavatoio di Piazza dell'Olmo (demolito 1961)
Il lavatoio di Piazza dell'Olmo venne realizzato tra il 1902 e il 1904 come struttura "complementare" al lavatoio più grande alla Foce. Il progetto risale più precisamente al maggio del 1902, mentre i lavori sono finiti solo due anni più tardi. Si componeva di dieci vasche in cemento, dotate di copertura a due falde in lamiera. Nei pressi, secondo testimonianze orali, esisteva un piccolo negozio dove poter acquistare sapone e altro materiale da lavaggio. Ormai in disuso e in stato di degrado, nel 1961 il lavatoio venne abbattuto dietro insistenza degli abitanti della piazza. Oggi il suo posto è occupato da un posteggio e una fontanella in ghisa.
Lavatoio di via F.R. Carli (demolito 1980)
Il lavatoio della zona Cascine, venne dificato nel secondo dopoguerra per far fronte all'insufficienza degli altri lavatoi cittadini. Si decise di collocarlo in via Roncati Carli, proprio adiacente alla vasca dell'acquedotto, da cui avrebbe preso acqua. Si componeva di due vasche prefabbricate, coperte da una semplice tettoia di cemento, in uno stile molto dozzinale, privo di qualunque finitura di rilievo. Nel 1980, data l'inutilità della struttura venne demolito per allargare gli impianti dell'acquedotto.
Lavatoi in salita Garmella (privati)
Oltre ai lavatoi pubblici, nel tessuto urbano cittadino esistevano (ed esistono ancora oggi) alcuni lavatoi privati. Nella foto due trogoli a servizio di due abitazioni private nella zona di via XXV aprile.
Lavatoio in salita Monti (privato)
Lavatoio privato a due vasche (risciacquo e lavaggio) collocato in zona centrale a Oneglia. I piani di lavoro sono in pietra e l'alimentazione avviene tramite il pubblico acquedotto.
Lavatoio di via argine destro 271 (privato, demolito 2004)
Lungo gli argini sul torrente a Imperia Oneglia esistevano numerosi giardini coltivati fino a non molti anni fa. In uno di questi si collocava una sorgente in discesa dal monte Bardellino che veniva sfruttata dagli abitanti del luogo attraverso un grande pozzo. Parte di quest'acqua veniva poi riversata tramite rubinetto in una grande vasca-lavatoio interamente in cemento armato. La struttura era molto semplice, essendo formata da una semplice vasca senza ripartizioni e priva di alcuna copertura. Il piano di lavoro principale era collocato sul lato più corto. Purtroppo i lavori per lo spostamento a monte della vecchia ferrovia a binario unico hanno portato all'espropriazione dell'intera area, oggi divenuta sede della nuova stazione unica di Imperia, con conseguente demolizione del pozzo e del lavatoio.Installing and Configuring DHCP
If you have worked with Windows NT at all, you are probably familiar with Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) — a server service that enables the server to dynamically assign IP addresses to network clients. Because Windows 2000 networking has TCP/IP as its foundation, DHCP also plays an important role in Windows 2000 networks.
For the exam, you need to know how to install and configure DHCP on a Windows 2000 server, as well as how to manage its operations.
What is DHCP, anyway?
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a server service that dynamically assigns, or leases, IP addresses and related IP information to network clients. At first glance, this may not seem like an important task. However, you have to remember that, on a TCP/IP network, each network client must have a unique IP address and an appropriate subnet mask. Without these items, a client cannot communicate on the network. For example, if two clients have the same IP address, neither will be able to communicate on the network.
Back in its early days, TCP/IP gained the reputation of being a high-overhead protocol — it required more configuration than other networking protocols. The prospect of having to visit each client machine and manually enter a correct IP address and subnet mask without making a duplication error was enough to give network administrators severe panic attacks.
DHCP handles all this work automatically. Each client gets a unique IP address, subnet mask, and other IP information such as default gateways and the IP addresses of WINS (Windows Internet Name Service) and DNS (Domain Name System) servers. DHCP makes certain that no clients have duplicate addresses, and this entire process is invisible to network administrators and network users. As you can see, DHCP is very important, and the exam expects you to know how to install and configure it.
How does DHCP work?
DHCP works by leasing IP addresses and IP information to network clients for a period of time. For the lease to happen, the following negotiation process occurs:
1. During the boot process, a client computer that is configured as a DHCP client sends out a broadcast packet called DHCPDISCOVER. This Discover packet contains the client's computer name and Media Access Control (MAC) address so the DHCP servers can respond to it. Basically, the Discover packet says, "I'm looking for a DHCP server who can lease an IP address."
2. DHCP servers on the network respond to the broadcast with a DHCPOFFER. In essence, the DHCPOFFER says, "I am a DHCP server and I have a lease for you." If several DHCP servers respond to the request, the client accepts the first offer that it receives.
3. The client responds via a broadcast message called a DHCPREQUEST. This message basically says, "I accept your lease offer and would like an IP address." If other DHCP servers made offers, they also see their lease offers were not accepted by the broadcast message, so they rescind their offers. (They must not like getting snubbed by a client computer.)
4. The DHCP server whose offer was accepted responds with a DHCPACK message, which acknowledges the lease acceptance and contains the client's IP address lease as well as other IP addressing information that you configure the server to provide. The client is now a TCP/IP client and can participate on the network.
Keep in mind that a lease is for a period of time. Typically, a client can keep its IP address for several days (or whatever you configure). When half the lease time expires, the client attempts to renew its lease for the IP address. After a client obtains the lease for an IP address, it attempts to keep the lease by renewing it over and over. If unsuccessful, the client simply must get a new IP address lease.
Reviewing important DHCP terms
You should memorize the DHCP terms listed in Table 1, because you need to know them for the exam.
Table 1: Important DHCP Terms
What It Means
A full range of IP addresses that can be leased from a particular DHCP server.
A grouping of scopes used to support logical IP subnets that exist on one physical IP subnet (called a multinet).
A scope that contains multicast IP addresses, which treat multicast clients as a group. Multicast is an extension of DHCP and uses a multicast address range of 22.214.171.124 to 126.96.36.199.
The IP addresses in a scope that are available for lease.
A group of IP address in the scope that are excluded from leasing. Excluded addresses are normally used to give hardware devices, such as routers, a static IP address.
A means for assigning a permanent IP address to a particular client, server, or hardware device. Reservations are typically made for servers or hardware devices that need a static IP address.
The amount of time that a client may use an IP address before the client must re-lease the IP address or request another one.
As with other networking components in Windows 2000 Server, you can install DHCP in either of two ways:
- Using Add/Remove Programs in the Control Panel
- Using the Configure Your Server tool
Like most other Windows 2000 components, DHCP functions as a Microsoft Management Console (MMC) snap-in. After you install DHCP, you must configure the service for operation.
To open the DHCP Manager, click Start --> Programs --> Administrative Tools --> DHCP. The right pane within the snap-in tells you that you must configure the service.
DHCP does not begin leasing IP addresses and it is not functional until an administrator configures it.به گزارش میز نفت ، وزیر انرژی قطر گفت، اوپک و متحدانش باید محدودیت های عرضه نفت را حفظ کنند تا تداوم قیمت نفت در سطح قابل قبول خود را که موجب افزایش سرمایه گذاری در صنعت نفت و جلوگیری از وقوع شوک عرضه و قیمت در دراز مدت خواهد شد تضمین نمایند.
محمد السدا، وزیر انرژی قطر گفت، وی نیز از ایده ایجاد یک چهارچوب دائمی برای همکاری های اوپک با روسیه بعد از خاتمه دوره فعلی کاهش تولید نفت حمایت می کند.
وی افزود: «به وضوح شاهد ترمیم قیمت نفت هستیم... اما این مسئله با افزایش سرمایه گذاری ها همراه نبوده است... سرمایه گذاری در صنع نفت بسیار پایین بوده است. نگرانی من این است که در میان مدت تا بلند مدت تقاضا به شکل مطلوبی پاسخ داده شود... سرمایه گذاران همچنان محتاط و بیش از حد محافظه کار هستند.»
سدا افزود، تقاضای جهانی برای نفت امسال حداقل 1.5 میلیون بشکه در روز یا 1.5 درصد افزایش خواهد یافت. اما سرمایه گذاری جهانی حدودا 400 میلیارد دلاری همچنان به اندازه کافی بالا نیست که بتواند جایگزین تولید از میادین قدیمی شود و پروژه های جدید را راه اندازی نماید.
«از نظر من ضرورت دارد که روند (همکاری های اوپک) حفظ شود... ما باید سرمایه گذاری ها را مجددا احیا کنیم. این ماه ها طول می کشد.»
به گفته وزیر انرژی قطر، کاهش تولید های اوپک کمک کرده تا میزان ذخایر نفتی جهان در کشورهای صنعتی از 350 میلیون بشکه بالاتر از متوسط 5 ساله به رقم 50 میلیون بشکه بالاتر از این میزان پایین بیاید.
السدا تصریح کرد، حتی با وجود نفت شیل بازار در حال حرکت به سمت توازن است.
منبع : تسنیم
شنبه ۱۸ فروردين ۱۳۹۷ ساعت ۰۹:۵۲Originally published in 1742, Observations upon Liberal Education is a significant contribution to the Scottish Enlightenment and the moral-sense school of Scottish philosophy.
In Observations, Turnbull applies the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment to the education of youth. He shows how a liberal education fosters true “inward liberty” and moral strength and thus prepares us for responsible and happy lives in a free society.
George Turnbull (1698–1748) taught at Marischal College, Aberdeen.
Terrence O. Moore, Jr., is Principal of Ridgeview Classical Schools in Fort Collins, Colorado, and was formerly Assistant Professor of History at Ashland University in Ohio.Please note: This title is available as an ebook for purchase on Amazon, Barnes and Noble, and iTunes.Classification / Names
Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes (gen., sp.) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) > Perciformes
(Perch-likes) > Gobiidae
(Gobies) > Gobionellinae
Etymology: Brachygobius: Greek, brachys, eia = short + Latin, gobius = gudgeon (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Freshwater; brackish; demersal. Tropical; 25°C - ? (Ref. 2059)
Asia: northeastern Borneo (Ref. 7050) and Mekong delta, upstream as far as Cambodia (Ref. 12693).
Size / Weight / Age
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 1.8 cm SL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12693)
Inhabits fresh and brackish waters, in areas of aquatic vegetation, including mangrove roots (Ref. 12693). Feeds on zooplankton (Ref. 12693). Not seen in markets (Ref. 12693).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Maturity | Reproduction | Spawning | Eggs | Fecundity | Larvae
Larson, H.K., 2001. A revision of the gobiid fish genus Mugilogobius (Teleostei: Gobioidei), and its systematic placement. Rec. West. Aust. Mus. (Suppl. No. 62):1-233. (Ref. 43716)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 115185)
CITES (Ref. 115941)
Threat to humans
Fisheries: of no interest
Common namesSynonymsMetabolismPredatorsEcotoxicologyReproductionMaturitySpawningFecundityEggsEgg development
ReferencesAquacultureAquaculture profileStrainsGeneticsAllele frequenciesHeritabilityDiseasesProcessingMass conversion
Estimates of some properties based on models
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82805
= 0.5020 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00871 (0.00392 - 0.01936), b=3.06 (2.87 - 3.25), in cm Total Length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245
Trophic Level (Ref. 69278
):
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tunnel. These trips use the same electric tugs as are used to tow private boats through the tunnel, in this case pushing a passenger carying barge.
The visitors centre is situated about half a mile (0.8 km) to the west of Marsden railway station and can easily be reached from the station by walking along the towpath of the Huddersfield Narrow Canal, which runs adjacent to the station. Adjacent to the station is the headquarters of the National Trust's Marsden Moor Estate, which includes a public exhibition, Welcome to Marsden, that gives an overview of the area and its transport history.I pavoni possono essere un po’ un enigma nel Nuovo Mondo.
La quantità di animali e altre creature che i giocatori possono trovare in New World può essere in qualche modo schiacciante. È una scommessa solida che alcuni giocatori non conoscano nemmeno l’intera portata della fauna selvatica che è sparsa nelle molte regioni di Aeternum. Ad esempio, alcuni giocatori potrebbero non avere idea che ci siano pavoni che vagano per le terre.
Tuttavia, altri giocatori devono trovare disperatamente i pavoni per completare una ricerca per la loro città o un NPC o anche trovare gli uccelli semplicemente per i materiali che lasciano cadere. Se sei un giocatore che sta cercando i maestosi uccelli nel Nuovo Mondo ma non ha trovato fortuna, allora sei nel posto giusto.
Questa guida mostrerà ai giocatori esattamente dove possono trovare tutti i pavoni nel Nuovo Mondo.
Trovare pavoni nel Nuovo Mondo
Per prima cosa, devi conoscere le regioni in cui sono disponibili i pavoni. New World tende a disperdere le creature di Aeternum in regioni specifiche in modo che i giocatori siano incoraggiati ad avventurarsi fuori dal luogo in cui hanno iniziato il loro viaggio.
A partire da ora, ecco tutte le regioni in cui i pavoni possono essere trovati nel Nuovo Mondo:
-
Portata Scaglia d’Ebano
Esatto, solo Ebsonscale Reach contiene gli uccelli semi-incapaci di volare. Per i giocatori che desiderano completare una missione specifica, questa è la regione in cui dovrai recarti se vuoi cacciare un pavone.
All’interno di Ebonscale Reach, i punti di incontro per i pavoni sono piuttosto grandi. Possono essere trovati in tutta la regione, ma principalmente nelle parti nord-orientali e sud/sud-orientali della regione. Il lato occidentale di Ebonscale Reach è piuttosto spoglio quando si tratta di pavoni. Quindi, se vuoi dare la caccia agli uccelli, restare sul lato est della regione è la strada da percorrere.
Puoi tenere traccia dei pavoni se la tua abilità commerciale di monitoraggio e scuoiatura è abbastanza alta, il che rende il processo molto più semplice. Da qui, si tratta di girovagare e avere la fortuna di imbattersi in uno degli uccelli nel Nuovo Mondo.
-
Per saperne di più: Nuovo mondo – Come completare la missione Reliquie della torre
Non dimenticare di controllare la nostra sezione dedicata al Nuovo Mondo per le ultime notizie, aggiornamenti, guide, fughe di notizie e altro ancora.
Immagine in primo piano per gentile concessione di Amazon Games.美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）近日批准了一种阿片激动剂Olinvyk（oliceridine），用于治疗成人中度至重度急性疼痛，具体为：疼痛严重到需要静脉注射阿片类药物、替代疗法又不能充分控制疼痛的患者。
Olinvyk是Trevena公司开发的一款急性疼痛治疗药物，该药适用于：在医院或其他受控临床环境中的短期静脉使用，例如在住院和门诊过程中。该药不适用于家庭环境中使用。
Olinvyk的活性药物成分为oliceridine，这是一种首创的（first-in-class）静脉镇痛药。oliceridine是首个G蛋白选择性激动剂，与静脉注射吗啡相比，镇痛效果更好。oliceridine以μ阿片受体为靶点，通过一种优化作用机制（MOA），优先参与负责疗效的信号通路，减少引起不良反应的信号通路的激活。
Olinvyk具有独特的、差异化的药代动力学（PK）特征：（1）起效迅速且疗效持久，大多数患者在给药后2-5分钟就感到疼痛缓解、疗效持续约3小时。（2）没有已知的活性代谢；（3）在老年患者或肾功能受损的患者中，无需剂量调整，将为有风险的患者提供一个新的选择。
FDA药物评价及研究中心负责监管项目的副主任Douglas Throckmorton表示：“解决阿片类药物危机仍然是FDA的首要任务。我们将继续尽我们所能，通过一系列跨机构的举措，减少对阿片类药物上瘾的美国人的数量，并降低新上瘾率。重要的是，在经过严格审查评估风险和效益并最终确定数据支持安全性和有效性，FDA将只批准新药申请，包括阿片类药物的申请。值得注意的是，这种特殊的药物仅用于受控的临床环境，即在医疗监督下使用，而不能用于带回家的处方。”
在对照试验和开放标签试验中，共有1535例中度至重度急性疼痛患者接受了Olinvyk治疗。Olinvyk的安全性和有效性是通过在随机对照研究中与安慰剂比较确定的，这些研究在接受Bunion手术或腹部手术的患者中开展。数据显示，与安慰剂组相比，口服Olinvyk的患者在批准的剂量下疼痛有效减轻。
Olinvyk的安全性与其他阿片类药物相似。与其他阿片类药物相似，Olinvyk最常见的副作用是恶心、呕吐、头晕、头痛和便秘。患有严重呼吸抑制、无监护或无复苏设备的急性或严重支气管哮喘、已知或疑似胃肠道阻塞或对药物过敏的患者不应使用Olinvyk。孕期长期使用阿片类镇痛药可导致新生儿阿片样戒断综合征。
Olinvyk带有一个黑框警告，关于：成瘾、滥用和误用，危及生命的呼吸抑制，新生儿阿片类戒断综合征，以及与苯二氮卓类药物或其他中枢神经系统抑制剂联合使用的风险。与静脉给药的其他阿片类药物不同，Olinvyk推荐的最大每日剂量限制为27毫克。
原文出处：FDA approves New Opioid for Intravenous Use in Hospitals, Other Controlled Clinical Settings
本文来源自生物谷，更多资讯请下载生物谷APP(http://www.bioon.com/m/)Definition of signalment
: description by peculiar, appropriate, or characteristic marks; specifically : the systematic description of a person for purposes of identification
Origin and Etymology of signalment
French signalement, from signaler
First Known Use: 1778See Words from the same year
Seen and Heard
What made you want to look up signalment? Please tell us where you read or heard it (including the quote, if possible).Per questo pranzo di Pasqua abbiamo fatto un pò di Satsang.
Se non sai di che si tratta, te lo spiego subito:
il Satsang è la pratica di frequentare persone "positive" e trarre un beneficio energetico da questa compagnia.
I discepoli cercano di stare a più stretto contatto possibile col loro maestro spirituale per questo motivo:Detaylar
Diğer Adları:Grandma
Senaryo:Paul Weitz
Ödüller:1 Golden Globe Adaylığı. Diğer 5 ödül & 12 adaylık.
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Biblographic citation: Food Protection Trends, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 161-169, May 2017
Volume 37, Issue 3: Pages 161–169
This study was conducted to explore what constitutes an effective food recall within the Canadian context. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were created based on the literature and the pretesting of questions. Nine interviews were conducted by telephone or Skype video call, and all were tape-recorded, transcribed, and analyzed with the NVivo 11 Pro software. The research findings — a collection of personal opinions and experiences — represent the perceived strengths and shortcomings of various aspects of the Canadian and industry-specific food recall systems, as well as suggestions for improvement. All participants expressed overall confidence in Canada’s food recall system and reiterated the importance of factors that lead to recall effectiveness, such as preparation (training, mock recalls, updated documentation), clear roles and responsibilities of the core recall team, implementing of recall tools and systems, fostering a food safety culture, building communication systems, and educating the consumer. Limitations and suggestions for improving the current recall system include improved transparency and knowledge mobilization among manufacturers, suppliers, and regulators, specifically regarding risk assessments and traceability systems.
Subscribe to the Journal of Food Protection® and Food Protection Trends to stay up to date on the information you need, including scientific research and articles reporting on a variety of food safety and quality topics.
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This link will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center where you can submit a request to reuse IAFP’s content found in our publications. Please note that no part of any publications may be reproduced or transmitted in any form without prior permission from IAFP.دومین نشست شورای فنی فدراسیون بدنسازی و پرورش اندام با حضور محمد تقی امیری خراسانی سرپرست فدراسیون و اعضای این شورا برگزار شد.
به گزارش سایت رسمی فدراسیون بدنسازی و پرورش اندام؛ شورای فنی فدراسیون طی مصوباتی سلامتی ورزشکاران را در اولیت دانست و اعلام کرد که تیم ملی ایران به مسابقات جهانی اسپانیا اعزام نخواهد شد.
دومین نشست شورای فنی فدراسیون در حالی برگزار شد که پس از اولین نشست همه اعضا دیدگاه ها و نظرات خود مبنی بر عدم برگزاری و یا برگزاری مسابقات را به سرپرست فدراسیون ارسال کرده بودند.
در این نشست پس از بررسی شرایط و جوانب توسط اعضای شورای فنی فدراسیون تصمیم بر این شد با توجه به شرایطی که ویروس منحوس کرونا در دنیا به وجود آورده، تیم ملی جمهوری اسلامی ایران به دلیل سلامتی ورزشکاران و خانواده آنها به مسابقات جهانی اسپانیا اعزام نشود.
قابل ذکر است مسابقات جهانی قرار است در آبانماه سال جاری در شهر بنیدروم اسپانیا برگزار شود و این در حالی است که طبق اخبار، کشور اسپانیا از خط قرمز هم عبور کرده و در وضعیت نابسامانی قرار دارد.
گفتنی است، وضعیت هشدار دهنده و قرمز شیوع ویروس کرونا در ایران و محدودیت در برگزاری مسابقات به دلیل حضور همراهان ورزشکار جهت آماده سازی وی، که باعث تجمیع شده و حمل و نقل آنها و حضور در محل مسابقه با پروتکل های بهداشتی منافات دارد یکی از دلایل شورای فنی مبنی بر عدم آماده سازی تیم ملی برای مسابقات جهانی است.
تعطیلی باشگاه ها در دوران قرنطینه شهرها، و همچنین با توجه به کم بودن بازه زمانی تا مسابقات جهانی، موجب می شود فشار تمرینی ورزشکار از حد معمول بالاتر رفته که همین امر باعث کاهش ایمنی بدن شده و درصد ابتلا به کرونا بالا خواهد رفت.
محدودیت بازه زمانی جهت انتخاب اعضای تیم ملی و همچنین ارسال اسامی و دریافت ویزا یکی دیگر از دلایل شورای فنی است.
احتمال قرنطینه کردن ورزشکار در کشور میزبان از یک تا چهارده روز وجود دارد که این نکته هم توسط شورای فنی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
با توجه به قرنطینه شدن چندین شهر در کشور اسپانیا به دلیل شیوع ویروس کرونا، احتمال کنسل شدن مسابقات نیز وجود دارد.
شورای فنی در پایان اعلام کرد که به هرکدام از دلایلی که عنوان شد، ورزشکار نتواند به این مسابقات اعزام شود، در این وضعیت نا به سامان اقتصادی هزینه های سنگینی را متحمل خواهد شد.
قابل ذکر است با توجه به برگزاری مسابقات آسیایی در سال 2021، مسابقات قهرمانی کشور و انتخابی تیم ملی در بهمن ماه سال جاری بر اساس شرایط وقت یا به صورت مسابقه ای و یا به صورت انتخابی برگزار خواهد شد. از این روی ورزشکاران می توانند با برنامه ریزی بهتر خود را برای این هدف آماده کنند.Lunedì 1º giugno 2009 alle ore 02.14, un aereo della compagnia aerea Air France, in volo da Rio de Janeiro a Parigi, cadde nell’oceano Atlantico, più o meno a metà strada tra Sud America ed Africa. A bordo c’erano 228 persone che morirono tutte, probabilmente nello stesso istante in cui l’aereo si schiantò sulla superficie dell’acqua. Sin dal principio l’evento apparve anomalo: sia perché gli incidenti aerei sono rari, sia perché è ancor più raro che accadano durante la fase di crociera ed infine perché l’aeromobile in questione, un Airbus A330, era ed è un mezzo estremamente sicuro.
In particolare, l’aereo di Air France era dotato di un sistema computerizzato di pilotaggio automatico altamente sofisticato che funziona da “intermediario” tra il pilota e l’aeromobile, con l’obiettivo di correggere eventuali errori umani e rendere più corrette e dolci le manovre. In pratica, durante la fase di crociera, il computer di bordo fa volare l’aereo e i piloti devono solo controllare che tutto sia a posto. E anche se decidessero di eseguire qualche operazione sbagliata, il computer ne impedirebbe l’esecuzione. Eppure…eppure quella notte di giugno l’aereo con il suo computer finì in fondo all’oceano, precipitando misteriosamente da 10000 metri nel giro di poco più di 4 minuti. Oggi, dopo lunghe indagini, è abbastanza chiaro cosa accadde. E si tratta di una storia emblematica e tragicamente paradossale.
Circa un’ora dopo aver cominciato ad attraversare l’oceano Atlantico, l’aereo incontra condizioni climatiche avverse. Ai comandi ci sono i due primi ufficiali e non il capitano, che è andato a dormire pochi minuti prima, dal momento che il giorno precedente aveva fatto baldoria a Rio con una hostess. Per evitare pericolose formazioni di ghiaccio sull’aereo, i piloti azionano il sistema anti-ghiaccio. Tuttavia, proprio a causa del ghiaccio, il sensore di velocità va fuori uso. A quel punto il computer di bordo, non disponendo di sufficienti informazioni, si disattiva parzialmente e “passa i comandi” ai piloti. Il computer non è più in grado di assisterli, adesso tocca a loro. Da quel momento in poi comincia il caos ed una serie di errori pazzeschi che condurranno alla tragedia. Per prima cosa i piloti probabilmente non si rendono ben conto delle implicazioni della disattivazione del computer (non hanno quasi mai pilotato un aereo da soli, se non nelle fasi di decollo ed atterraggio) o forse addirittura nemmeno comprendono bene che il computer si è disattivato. Probabilmente perché non concepiscono nemmeno che ciò possa accadere.
Appena il computer si disattiva, l’aereo comincia a ballare. I piloti, impauriti, reagiscono istintivamente spingendo il muso all’insù. La manovra è estremamente sbagliata perché, per potere volare, l’aereo deve “galleggiare” sull’aria e non avere un’inclinazione eccessiva che causa uno “stallo”, ossia l’incapacità dell’aereo di “stare su”. È proprio ciò che accade sopra l’Atlantico: l’aereo comincia a perdere velocità e a cadere. Il sistema di emergenza lo segnala immediatamente con forti allarmi sonori che vengono ignorati dai piloti, che – probabilmente – li fraintendono credendo che il computer di bordo stia adoperandosi per rimediare allo stallo oppure pensano che sia semplicemente impossibile che l’aereo stia cadendo, dal momento che il computer lo impedirebbe. Quello che, infatti, i piloti dovrebbero fare è esattamente l’opposto: abbassare il muso dell’aereo lasciando che perda quota per un po’ per poi rimetterlo in orizzontale, facendogli recuperare portanza, ossia la capacità di “galleggiare” sull’aria. Ma non lo fanno. Il computer non li assiste più e loro sono completamente perduti. Incredibilmente le loro conversazioni dimostrano che non riescono neanche a capire se stanno salendo o stanno scendendo: hanno il muso su e quindi, instintivamente, pensano di stare alzandosi, ma invece, proprio per questo motivo, stanno cadendo. Non si rendono neanche bene conto di chi tra i due piloti abbia effettivamente i comandi e se stanno andando troppo piano o troppo veloce: ad un certo momento azionano i freni, quando, invece, stanno decelerando a causa della perdita di portanza dovuta all’inclinazione eccessiva dell
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esame ginecologico, un'ecografia (ultrasuono). Inoltre, per chiarire il grado di danno, si raccomanda la risonanza magnetica, l'endoscopia (laparoscoria, cistoscopia, colposcopia).
Diagnostica - isterosalpingografia ed ultrasuoni
Qualsiasi stadio della malattia richiede un trattamento immediato, soprattutto se la donna prevede di avere figli. I principali metodi di trattamento sono farmaci (ormonali, antinfiammatori, analgesici) e chirurgici.
È possibile rimanere incinta se le ovaie vengono rimosse durante l'endometriosi? Le moderne tecniche offrono a questi pazienti di provare la gioia della maternità e di sottoporsi a una procedura di fecondazione in vitro.
La gravidanza con questa patologia potrebbe non verificarsi. cause:
insufficienza ormonale che impedisce l'ovulazione, la fecondazione, l'impianto (attaccamento dell'ovulo alla parete uterina;
microspasmi persistenti che portano ad un trasporto alterato dell'uovo nella cavità uterina.
Prima del concepimento pianificato, è necessario visitare un ginecologo per determinare se vi è una mancanza di patologie degli organi riproduttivi. L'endometriosi identificata o altre patologie devono essere curate. Se dopo il trattamento entro sei mesi non ci sono ricadute, puoi pianificare il concepimento, la nascita di un bambino.
Concetti come la gravidanza e l'endometriosi sono compatibili? I medici ritengono che siano compatibili, ma solo nelle prime fasi della malattia: in primo luogo, lo strato uterino che contiene il feto in crescita non è ancora coinvolto nel processo; in secondo luogo, l'assenza di mestruazioni inibisce la crescita dei fuochi dell'endometrio, che influenza positivamente le condizioni dell'utero e può fermare lo sviluppo della malattia.
Se si verifica una gravidanza, devi essere serio sulla tua salute e sulla salute del bambino in via di sviluppo, visitare regolarmente un ginecologo e completare tutti gli appuntamenti. Non rifiutare il ricovero durante il periodo di minaccia al feto o prima della data prevista di nascita.
Anche con l'inizio della gravidanza, la probabilità di aborto spontaneo e parto prematuro è alta. L'embrione si attacca spesso alla parte inferiore dell'utero (bassa placentazione), il che porta alla minaccia dell'aborto spontaneo.
Olga: ho 35 anni, mi sono sposata tardi. Abbiamo deciso con mio marito di diventare genitori. Letteralmente dalle prime settimane di gravidanza, è stata registrata. E dal medico ho sentito una diagnosi che mi ha spaventato: endometriosi dell'utero di primo grado. C'erano lacrime e paura. Ma grazie al nostro ginecologo, al trattamento adeguato e al costante monitoraggio del corso della gravidanza, la nostra famiglia ha allevato un bambino carino Maxim per il secondo anno. Sebbene il medico affermi che non ci sono più focolai patologici nell'utero, vado a fare un esame ogni sei mesi.
Maria: ho 29 anni. Non andavo dai dottori per molto tempo - non ho mai fatto male a niente, mi sono sentito benissimo. Ma recentemente ho notato che l'addome inferiore ha iniziato a ferire, le mestruazioni erano sconvolte, sono diventate più abbondanti. Sono andato da un ginecologo privato, ho scoperto di avere un'endometriosi avanzata. Ora c'è un trattamento a lungo termine con farmaci ormonali, laparoscopia. Spero che in futuro potrò diventare madre.
Victoria: Vivo in un villaggio, lontano dalla città, quindi raramente ho consultato un ginecologo. E così ho deciso di rimanere incinta. Stavo per andare a fare un esame: ho superato i test, fatto un'ecografia e il dottore mi ha scioccato con notizie deludenti. Si è scoperto che avevo già sviluppato endometriosi di grado II. Sono stato sottoposto a trattamento per 4 mesi. Ho dovuto dimenticare la nascita del bambino. Bene, perché sono così stupido, perché non ho ascoltato il medico locale, che devo sottopormi a un esame di routine dal ginecologo ogni anno? Ora dico a tutti i miei amici che i medici, in particolare le donne, dovrebbero essere consultati in tempo. Spero che dopo il trattamento possa dare alla luce un bambino.
Nastasya: Per 4 anni ho cercato di dare alla luce un bambino. Ma non succede nulla, ci sono stati diversi aborti spontanei, una gravidanza congelata. Mi dispiace di non essere andato dal ginecologo in tempo. Recentemente ho avuto una laparoscopia, sto prendendo medicine. Spero che dopo il trattamento abbia dato alla luce almeno un bambino.
La gravidanza e l'endometriosi possono coesistere solo nella prima fase della patologia. Ma questo non significa che lo sviluppo del bambino procederà senza intoppi, senza complicazioni. Pertanto, è meglio iniziare un esame da un ginecologo prima del concepimento. E se la gravidanza è già iniziata, dovrebbe procedere sotto la costante supervisione di specialisti. Con tutte le raccomandazioni del medico, aumenta la probabilità di un portamento favorevole e la nascita di un bambino sano.
La domanda sembra solo ridicola, la gravidanza non può davvero essere notata, questo non è così raro. L'ostetrico-ginecologo si trova di fronte a situazioni in cui una donna scopre di essere incinta solo dopo aver sentito la prima agitazione del feto, che è 20-22 settimane di gestazione nelle donne primipare e 17-19 settimane in multiparo.
Abbastanza spesso, i giovani genitori si chiedono come trattare la gola con l'allattamento..Poiché l'immunità di una donna dopo il parto è ridotta, le madri che allattano sono spesso attaccate da vari virus e infezioni che causano più malattie del rinofaringe.
A 32 settimane di gestazione, le donne devono essere il più responsabili possibile. Questo periodo è caratterizzato non solo da cambiamenti significativi nel peso e nell'altezza del bambino, ma dal suo sviluppo attivo.
6 minuti, pubblicato da Irina Bredikhina 344Dal momento in cui una donna scopre che una nuova vita è nata in lei, sarebbe giusto che lei andasse alla clinica prenatale e si registrasse.Herding Breeds Breaking Barriers with Autism
We’re all familiar with service dogs – they’ve been around for quite a while. But did you know that dogs are now being trained to aid families with autistic children? And herding dogs have just the right temperament and instincts to fit the bill.
No one knows exactly what causes autism, but it affects about one in every 150 children. Characterized by a developmental disability, it can be especially hard for families to handle when their toddlers suddenly withdraw into their own bubble. It often becomes difficult for them to communicate and socialize with others – making the right dog a godsend.To continue reading, please login or signup.Punturina
Una scena che ha quasi ricordato uno di quei film catastrofici dove le metropoli vengono invase da insetti assassini. Per fortuna questa volta si è trattato solo di semplici api. Ma erano oltre 30mila quelle che, a New York, si sono sistemate a Times Square proprio nel punto in cui, a Capodanno, viene fatta cadere la sfera luminosa. È dovuto intervenire un noto apicoltore locale, Andrew Coté, che ha risucchiato gli insetti con un apposito tubo per poi portarli in uno degli alveari pubblici del Bryant Park mantenuti dall'associazione degli apicoltori di New York City fondata dallo stesso Coté.
i più lettiعلی اکبر شعبان پور روز جمعه در نشست خبری در حاشیه برگزاری بیستمین نمایشگاه بین المللی صنعت نفت با اعلام این رشد در تولید گاز، افزود: این شرکت، برنامه افزایش تولید از فازهای ۱۲، ۱۵، ۱۶، ۱۷ و ۱۸ را در اولویت فعالیت های خود در سال جاری دارد.
به گزارش اژانس خبری انرژی،مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس با بیان این که با تکمیل فاز ۱۲، ظرفیت تولید ۲٫۵ میلیارد فوت مکعبی این فاز محقق می شود، افزود: همچنین با بهره برداری کامل از فازهای ۱۵ و ۱۶ میزان تولید به ظرفیت ۲ میلیارد فوت مکعب خواهد رسید.
شعبانپور گفت: با بهره برداری کامل از فازهای ۱۲، ۱۵، ۱۶ و بخش هایی از فازهای ۱۷ و ۱۸ حدود ۶ میلیارد فوت مکعب و با بهره برداری از بخش هایی از فاز ۱۹ نیز یک میلیارد فوت مکعب دیگر به ظرفیت تولید گاز اضافه خواهد شد.
وی با بیان این که تا پایان سال جاری، مجموعا ۷ میلیارد فوت مکعب به ظرفیت تولید گاز اضافه می شود، افزود: با بهره برداری از طرح های فوق، وعده وزیر نفت برای افزایش تولید ۲۰۰ میلیون مترمکعبی گاز در طی سال های ۹۳ و ۹۴ محقق می شود.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس اضافه کرد: پس از تکمیل این فازهای اولویت دار و تامین منابع مالی به سراغ فازهای اولویت دوم پارس جنوبی خواهیم رفت.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس در خصوص سرنوشت فاز ۱۱ پارس جنوبی نیز گفت: قرار بود که این فاز در کنفرانس لندن معرفی شود، اما اخیرا یک شرکت داخلی اعلام کرده است که آمادگی دارد در بخشی از این فاز مشارکت داشته باشد، بنابراین در حال مذاکره با این شرکت در بخش حفاری این شرکت هستیم.
شعبانپور با بیان این که امیدواریم که تا پایان خردادماه ، قرارداد با این شرکت امضا شود، خاطر نشان کرد: برای بخش های بعدی این فاز نیز برخی شرکت ها اعلام آمادگی کرده اند.
وی درخصوص افت فشار فازهای پارس جنوبی نیز گفت: طبیعی است که میادین پس از مدتی دچار افت فشار شوند، اما نرسیدن به ظرفیت اسمی تولید در فازهای جدید پارس جنوبی به دلیل افت فشار نیست، بلکه ناشی از لزوم تکمیل عملیات حفاری و اسیدکاری در سال اول بهره برداری است.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس در خصوص جذب منابع مالی پارس جنوبی از طریق صندوق توسعه ملی نیز اظهار داشت: سال گذشته قرارداد فاز ۱۳ فعال شده و بنابراین می توانیم از طریق بانک عامل، بودجه لازم را تامین کنیم.
شعبانپور افزود: محل دیگر تامین منابع مالی از محل بند (ق) تبصره ۲ قانون بودجه است که بر این اساس قرار شده ۱۸ میلیارد دلار برای پارس جنوبی اختصاص داده شود.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس اضافه کرد: بند ‘ل’ بودجه نیز ۱۴ تا ۱۵ میلیارد دلار برای میادین مشترک اختصاص داده که که ۲ میلیارد دلار از آن در پارس جنوبی هزینه خواهد شد.
شعبانپور در بخش دیگری با اشاره به ملاک های اولویت بندی فازهای پارس جنوبی ادامه داد: اولویت بندی این فازها بر اساس میزان پیشرفت، مرزی بودن و آمادگی زنجیره تولید انجام می شود.
وی افزود: در حال حاضر فازهای ۱۹، ۲۰ و ۲۱ از فازهای موسوم به ۳۵ ماهه در اولویت کاری قرار گرفته اند.
مدیر عامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس خاطر نشان کرد: فازهای ۱۳ ، ۲۳ و ۲۴ به علت مرزی نبودن و عقب ماندگی بخش دریایی جزو اولویت های شرکت نفت و گاز پارس نیستند. دو سکوی a 17 و a 18 نیز آماده شده اند، اما کار بر روی دو سکوی دیگر در حال انجام است.
شعبانپور افزود: حفاری ۱۱ حلقه چاه یکی از سکوها به اتمام می رسد اما سکوی دیگر به اواخر سال می رسد، بنابراین فازهای ۱۸ و ۱۹ با ظرفیت تولید ۱٫۵ میلیارد فوت مکعب در سال جاری فعالیت خواهند کرد.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس در خصوص احتمال حضور خارجی در پارس جنوبی گفت: همه فازهای پارس جنوبی به جز فاز ۱۴ بیش از ۷۵ درصد پیشرفت دارند بنابراین نیازی به توسعه آن ها توسط شرکت های خارجی نیست.
شعبانپور خاطر نشان کرد: البته آمدن شرکت های خارجی می تواند در بالابردن دانش فنی و بهره وری کارها نقش داشته باشد.
وی در خصوص مذاکره با شرکت های خارجی گفت: شرکت نفت و گاز پارس به طور مستقیم در ایام نمایشگاه مذاکره با شرکت های خارجی برای جذب سرمایه نداشته و در واقع، این وظیفه شرکت ملی نفت و معاونت جذب سرمایه این شرکت است.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس در خصوص فاصله ایران و قطر در تولید گاز از پارس جنوبی گفت: تا پایان سال میزان تولید به ۴۷۰ میلیون مترمکعب خواهد رسید.
شعبانپور با بیان اینکه قطری ها هم اکنون روزانه ۲۱ میلیارد فوت مکعب گاز از این میدان برداشت می کنند، افزود: با بهره برداری از فازهای جدید فاصله ایران و قطر در پارس جنوبی کاهش می یابد.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس در بخش دیگری از این نشست خبری با اشاره به برخورد کشتی با سکوی فاز ۱۳ گفت: در بامداد روز دوم فروردین ماه یک فروند کشتی نروژی با پرچم سنگاپور با پایه سکوی فاز ۱۳ برخورد کرد که بلافاصله کارگروه اچ. اس. ای برای پیگیری موضوع تشکیل شد.
شعبانپور افزود: یک حلقه چاه آزمایشی در این سکو حفر شده بود که به محض برخورد سامانه های امنیتی آن فعال شده و حادثه ناگواری رخ نداد.
وی با بیان این که مجوز توقیف کشتی اخذ شده است، گفت: مالکان کشتی، تقصیر خود در این حادثه را پذیرفته اند و درحال حاضر در مرحله اقدامات حقوقی و بیمه ای قرار داریم.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس اضافه کرد: برآورد اولیه خسارات وارده بر اساس میزان کار انجام شده حدود ۳۰۰ میلیارد دلار است اما باید منتظر نظر هیات کارشناسی بود.
وی در خصوص لایه نفتی پارس جنوبی گفت: سکوی این لایه نفتی بارگیری شده و به زودی نصب خواهد شد.
مدیرعامل شرکت نفت و گاز پارس با بیان این که فاز اول این لایه نفتی به ظرفیت ۳۵ هزار بشکه در سال ۹۵ به بهره برداری می رسد، افزود: اکتشاف فاز دوم این میدان نیز آغاز شده است.FIA e FOTA hanno raggiunto un accordo sul contenimento dei costi nel meeting avvenuto ieri a Ginevra.
Così sentenzia la dichiarazione congiunta: “L’incontro a Ginevra ha prodotto significative misure di risparmio per gli anni 2009 e 2010. La FOTA sta lavorando urgentemente su ulteriori proposte per il 2010 e oltre.”
Tuttavia, anche se la dichiarazione congiunta non fornisca alcun dettaglio sui provvedimenti raggiunti, secondo autosport.com Luca di Montezemolo e Max Mosley, presidenti di FOTA e FIA, si sarebbero accordati per aumentare la vita dei motori (da 2 a 3 gare per motore) e per standardizzare la costruzione di 25 motori per team con un tetto massimo di spesa pari a 10 milioni di Euro per il 2009.
E’ previsto quindi un ulteriore meeting in Brasile tra i membri della FOTA per determinare i chilometri di test per il prossimo anno e, soprattutto, per stipulare un nuovo accordo per l’introduzione del KERS per il 2010 e 2011.
Dopo il GP del Brasile, FOTA e FIA si rincontreranno per discutere ulteriori misure di riduzione dei costi per quanto riguarda lo sviluppo del telaio.
Per il momento, è quindi rinviato l’arrivo del motore unico. Non sarà forse stata una mossa per avvicinare i team ad un accordo?
Francesco ParrottaDiscover the cosmos! Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer.
2010 January 15
Explanation: The stars of a summer night on the left and the winter night sky on the right are the same stars. In fact, both pictures were taken in late December and have similar fields of view. The left panel shows a scene from a beach on Bruny Island off the coast of Tasmania, Australia, while the right panel features the sky over the snowy Alborz Mountains of northern Iran. But if the sky on one side still looks unfamiliar to you, just put your cursor over the image to see an alternate version. The alternate image will trace the outlines of the familiar constellation of Orion, as seen from the southern and northern hemispheres of planet Earth.
Authors & editors:
Jerry Bonnell (UMCP)
NASA Official: Phillip Newman Specific rights apply.
A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC
& Michigan Tech. U.“工欲善其事，必先利其器。”工具是人类文明进步的标志。自20世纪末期以来，现代制造技术与机械制造工艺自动化都有了长足的发展。但工具（含夹具、刀具、量具与辅具等）在不断的革新中，其功能仍然十分显著。机床夹具对零件加工的质量、生产率和产品成本都有着直接的影响。因此，无论在传统制造还是现代制造系统中，夹具都是重要的工艺装备。
本站使用凡科建站搭建|管理登录早在之前，关于自己的8号球衣，朱芳雨就曾说过这么一段采访趣话，其也许意思可总结为以下3点： 第1点是这个球衣号码太棒了，先...
下周日是利云特出征毕尔包的日子，同日亦是西班牙议会选举的投票日，本地划定，票站事变人员会由 *** 委派市民出任，利云特首席门将艾度费兰迪斯（Aitor Fernandez）下周日恰是被委派出任票站事变人员的个中一人，基于此缘由，他将无缘为利云特披甲上阵对毕尔包，利云特早前特意为他请求免役，但就为 *** 所拒，天空体育指出，为了争夺让费兰迪斯如常把关，利云特将会再度提出宽免请求。
请求是不是胜利是未知之数，只管上阵成疑，
【利城战‧论战篇】高普：有趣的比赛但费兰迪斯仍同心专心为竞赛作好准备：「球会正在勤奋，因而，我下周日料不须要到此（票站），我只想晓得事变的希望，我会完整专注于竞赛，一定本身将会上阵，如真的须要服役，我会在家中睡觉，然后到票站事变，以后再单独驾车到球场竞赛。」
【NowSports-体育】利物浦主帅高普认为，下周日来犯的曼城绝对恶气十足，将会跟红军上演一场大战，能跟曼城构成大战足证红军实力非凡，他又形容是役为有趣的比赛。利物浦领队高普（
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down barriers for parents who might be feeling overwhelmed.
“We can be that bridge for connecting parents who might feel marginalized, or they might feel that there’s a stigma about attending programs at the library,” Skeen said “We want everybody to feel welcome at the library.”
Children ages three to 10 with ASD or other types of developmental differences are welcome to join. The next six-week session starts Nov. 6. Children must be registered in order to attend, but families do not need a library card to register. For more information, visit airdriepubliclibrary.ca18 yaşından küçük olduğunuz için video gizlenmiştir.
İlgili Platform Sayfamıza Git
Merry Little Batman Film Konusu
Noel arifesinde, genç Damian Wayne, Wayne Malikanesi'nde tek başına kalır. Gotham Şehri'nin karanlık sokaklarında, tatil sezonunu felakete sürüklemeye kararlı suçlular ve süper kötülerle yüzleşmek zorundadır. Bu kritik anlarda, genç Wayne, "Küçük Batman" olarak hem kendi evini hem de Gotham'ı tehlikeden korumak için savaşmaya karar verir.پایگاه خبری فولاد ایران - سرمقاله های روزنامه های اصلی ژاپن در روز سال نو معمولاً درباره آینده خوش بین هستند. امسال نیز از این قاعده مستثنی نیست. اما در گزارشات امسال، روزنامه های ژاپن سه خطر عمده برای سال 2022، «شکست کووید صفر» در چین، «دنیای تکنوپلار» و «ایالات متحده» را عنوان می کنند که نمی توان پیش بینی مشخصی برای هریک از این سه مورد مطرح کرد. اما به نظر، جدیترین خطر امسال «ترکیب اشتباه» در سیاستگذاری است. بهترین دفاع در برابر اجتناب از این اشتباه، داشتن یک استراتژی درست است، نه دنبال کردن موفقیت میکروسکوپی خاص. این سیستم به ویژه در مورد برخورد با روس ها، چینی ها و حتی بیماری همه گیر صادق است.
فومیو کیشیدا نخست وزیر ژاپن، در بیانیهای به مناسبت سال نو میلادی گفت که تمرکز دوبارهای در عرصه سیاست خارجی خواهد داشت و متعهد شد که سال 2022 را به سال دیپلماسی برای کشور ژاپن تبدیل کند. کیشیدا گفت: باتوجه به اینکه شرایط بینالملل پیرامون ما دشوارتر و پیچیده تر میشود، رسیدگی ماهرانه به موضوعات امنیتی و دیپلماتیک و ایجاد یک مدیریت پایدار حیاتی است.
به گزارش فولاد ایران، کیشیدا اظهار داشت وقتی کشور در مبارزه با کووید-19 پیروز شد، باید برای تحقق شکل جدیدی از سرمایه داری تلاش کند که در آن، به جای واگذاری همه چیز به بازار و رقابت، هر دو بخش دولتی و خصوصی باید با هم نقش خود را ایفا کنند.
منبع:Japan Times网飞动画《终末的女武神》官方今日正式宣布：本作将推出第二季，正式上线时间待定。
除此之外，《终末的女武神》还将于10月1日起在TOKYO MX、BS11、MBS等电视台的动漫频道放送。
《终末的女武神》改编自梅村真也原作，アジチカ作画、フクイタクミ负责脚本的同名漫画作品。故事讲述1000年一次的创造主们的会议上决定让人类灭亡，也给了人类最后的机会与神进行一对一对决，如果胜利则被允许生存。于是在女武神布伦希尔德的帮助下，双方展开了决定人类存亡的13场对决。
原文链接：https://acg.gamersky.com/news/202108/1416403.shtml
本站声明:网站内容来源于网络,如有侵权,请联系我们,我们将及时处理。Current trends like Fitbit and Apple Watch are already having a significant impact on our lives. Whether these devices are helping us be healthier or more efficient, they are all considered wearable devices, and experts are predicting a sizable boom in this market in the coming years. Here are five ways wearable devices will change personal health:
Source. Edited transcript:
Gartner Inc. has forecast that 274.6 million wearable devices will be sold worldwide in 2016. If the current market trends are any indication, then the majority of those devices will be designed to transform personal health. Here are five examples of how wearable devices will do just that:
5. Monitoring Diabetes: Researchers from the Institute for Basic Science in Seoul, South Korea, have created a dual patch to help diabetics monitor their blood glucose levels. The device replaces the need for diabetics to prick their fingers to test their blood’s glucose level. Instead, it monitors the wearer’s glucose levels by analyzing sweat. If high levels of glucose are detected, the patch releases a drug to help lower it, giving diabetics an easy, pain-free way to monitor their health.
4. Brain Wearables: EEGs or Electroencephalograms are wearable devices designed to detect and measure brain activity. They are usually deployed to measure frequencies during specific times like sleep or stressful events. These wearable devices will help doctors “read” your mind.
3. Monitoring the heart: ECGs are Electrocardiograms; these devices record electronic activity in the heart via external electrodes placed on the skin. Many also believe that in the future, the heartbeat profile of the user can be used as a biometric password through a sensor placed in a smart watch or other devices. This could do away with credit cards, keys, and tickets, providing new meaning to having a key to someone’s heart.
2. Nanosensors: Scripps Health is currently working on a nanosensor that can be injected into the bloodstream, which will provide a live glucose reading and transmit them wirelessly to a smartphone app. This is just one of the many ways that nanosensors could be deployed to monitor a person’s health.
1. Wearable Circuit Board Tattoos: Tech tats are peel-and-play biometric wearables that utilize special conductive ink and biosensors to monitor a person’s vital signs. This information can be sent to directly to a user’s smartphone or health care professional.
There is no doubt that the next major evolution of smart technology will come in the form of devices like these. However, the future of wearable device technology is dependent on the number of qualified electrical engineers available to help with development. To learn more about how you can impact the future through an exciting career in electrical engineering fill out the form below.La vostra vita è la tela e il vostro cervello i colori.
Ora si tratta di dare a voi stessi il permesso di decidere
dove volete andare e cosa volete dipingere.
Questa è l'arte della libertà.
(Richard Bandler)
La Programmazione NeuroLinguistica (PNL) è il processo grazie al quale scopriamo come pensiamo, come comunichiamo e come agiamo e si occupa di studiare come modificare (programmazione) il modo in cui rappresentiamo le esperienze nella nostra mente (neuro) così da comunicare più efficacemente con noi stessi e con gli altri (linguistica) allo scopo di aumentare la qualità della vita.
Non è nè una filosofia nè un'ideologia e tantomeno una religione.
Si tratta, invece, di un atteggiamento e di un insieme di strumenti utili.
Alla base delle tecniche di PNL vi sono le scoperte delle neuroscienze che ci hanno mostrato come il cervello "crea" la mente attraverso processi di selezione delle informazioni provenienti dai sensi, tramite i processi di cancellazione (cervello reticente), deformazione (cervello distorcente), riempimento (cervello creativo).
Questo continuo scambio di informazioni in arrivo (segnali provenienti dai sensi) e congetture prodotte dal cervello (credenze e schemi a priori) genera quella che la PNL chiama "esperienza soggettiva": ciascuno di noi, cioè, fa esperienza della "realtà" e la rappresenta mentalmente in modo totalmente personale; viceversa, ciascun vissuto o rappresentazione mentale è per ciascuno di noi "la realtà". Non esiste un'interpretazione giusta o sbagliata, ma solo rappresentazioni mentali soggettive.
La PNL si prefigge, quindi, lo studio della struttura dell'esperienza soggettiva, allo scopo di aiutare ciascuna persona a conoscersi meglio, relativizzare il proprio punto di vista, allargare le mappe soggettive e acquisire maggiori informazioni per avere maggiore possibilità di scelta (libertà).
La Programmazione NeuroLinguistica ci aiuta, quindi, ad avere maggiore consapevolezza dei processi mentali (programmi) così da individuare alcuni ricorrenti schemi mentali o sequenze procedurali abituali (pattern) che determinano le nostre scelte. In seguito, grazie a un ventaglio di tecniche estrapolate (modellate) da professionisti e terapeuti di successo (quali Milton Erickson, Virginia Satir e tanti altri) la PNL offre la possibilità di prendere in mano le redini della tua mente e diventare attori della propria vita.Oggi negli USA si celebra il Thanksgiving Day, una delle feste più sentite oltreoceano.
Il Giorno del Ringraziamento cade ogni ultimo giovedì di novembre, e viene festeggiato con pranzi tra amici e parenti e parate per le strade.
Ma cosa c’entra Jingle Bells col Ringraziamento? E perché si mangia il tacchino?
1. Giorno del Ringraziamento: le origini
Le origini delle celebrazioni del Ringraziamento risalgono al 1621.
E’ incerto quando i pellegrini tennero il primo festeggiamento, ma gli storici ritengono che la giornata sia stata probabilmente celebrata tra il 21 settembre e l’11 novembre nel 1621.
Quando 53 pellegrini si riunirono a Plymouth per celebrare la riuscita del loro primo raccolto nel Nuovo Mondo, invitarono 90 nativi americani Wampanoag a banchettare con loro.
Nel 1863 Abraham Lincoln proclamò l’ultimo giovedì di novembre come giornata nazionale del ringraziamento, rendendo ufficialmente la tradizione una vacanza annuale.
2. Perché si mangia il tacchino?
In realtà, il tacchino non era sul menù del primo Ringraziamento. Tra i piatti serviti vi erano cervi, mais, merluzzi, e altri pesci.
Tuttavia, il tacchino divenne gradualmente la portata principale grazie, in parte, a Sarah Josepha Hale, una scrittrice del 19° secolo.
Nel suo romanzo del 1827 “Northwood, A Tale of New England”, Hale parlò del menu ideale del Ringraziamento, dove un posto d’onore spettava al tacchino, considerandolo “un pasto signorile”.
Ogni anno il Presidente degli USA concede la “grazia” ad un tacchino, in un evento in diretta su tutte le televisioni del Paese.
3. Il tacchino simbolo degli USA
Benjamin Franklin voleva fosse il tacchino l’uccello ufficiale degli Stati Uniti, pensando fosse più americano dell’aquila e “più rispettabile”. Se si fosse realizzata la volontà di Franklin, oggi il simbolo degli USA sarebbe un tacchino…
4. Jingle Bells!
Quando fu composta nel 1857 da James Pierpoint, Jingle Bells aveva il titolo di “One Horse Open Sleigh”, ed era pensata per i bambini che festeggiavano il Ringraziamento.
Il successo fu tale che la canzone venne cantata di nuovo a Natale. Di lì in poi, il brano fu associato alla stagione natalizia.
Così due anni dopo, nel 1859, il titolo è stato ufficialmente cambiato in Jingle Bells, diventando il brano simbolo del Natale in tutto il mondo.
5. La parata annuale
Uno degli appuntamenti più importanti del Giorno del Ringraziamento, oltre alle tavolate con gli amici e il football, è senza dubbio la famosa parata dei grandi magazzini Macy’s a New York.
La prima “Thanksgiving Day Parade” ha avuto luogo nel 1914, quando i dipendenti di Macy’s, vestiti con vivaci costumi, cominciarono a marciare sulla 34esima strada.
Inizialmente si utilizzavano carri per la sfilata al posto dei palloncini, e la parata era caratterizzata da scimmie, orsi, cammelli ed elefanti presi in prestito dallo zoo di Central Park.
Fu chiamata originariamente Macy’s Christmas Parade, ma è stata rinominata Macy’s Thanksgiving Day Parade nel 1927.Care amiche di SegretoDonna, un caro saluto da Giuseppe Messina. Oggi con uno dei suoi doodle Google celebra Vera Gedroits, la prima professoressa russa di chirurgia e la prima a operare in guerra, e anche noi volevamo ricordarla per il suo 150mo compleanno. Vera Gedroits
La sua notorietà è dovuta sopratutto agli studi e alle innovazioni portate nella chirurgia militare in tempo di guerra, grazie alle quali innumerevoli vite umane sono state salvate.
Vera Ignatievna Gedroits era nata a Slobodishche il 19 aprile 1870. Figlia del principe Ignatiy Ignatievich Gedroits, di discendenza lituana, era la terza di cinque fratelli e sorelle ed era apertamente lesbica.
Gedroits nacque , più o meno a metà strada tra Mosca e Kiev.
I suoi studi di medicina iniziaronno a San Pietroburgo e nel 1894 sposò per convenienza l’amico Nikolai Belozerov, riuscendo così a ottenere un passaporto per continuare a proseguire gli studi all’estero, in Svizzera: divenne assistente del professore César Roux all’Università di Losanna e nel 1898 si laureò col massimo dei voti.
Rientrata nel Paese natale due anni dopo per dare assistenza medica alla madre, che soffriva di crisi depressive, e fu subito assunta come medica di un cementificio non lontano da dove era nata, dove curava e operava sia i dipendenti sia le loro famiglie.
Quando scoppiò la guerra russo-giapponese nel 1904, Gedroits si offrì volontaria come chirurgo su un treno ospedaliero della Croce Rossa. Sotto la minaccia del fuoco nemico, eseguì complesse operazioni addominali in un vagone ferroviario convertito con un successo in sala operatoria: un fatto senza precedenti che – visto il successo – venne adottato come nuovo standard dal governo russo.
Dopo il suo servizio sul campo di battaglia, Gedroits ha lavorato come chirurgo per la famiglia reale russa prima del suo ritorno a casa a Kiev, dove divenne professore di chirurgia presso l’Università di Kiev nel 1929.
Oltre ad aver scritto numerosi articoli scientifici, Gedroits si era dedicata anche alla scrittura utilizzando lo pseudonimo di Sergie Gedroits, dal nome di un suo fratello morto in giovane età: ha anche pubblicato diverse raccolte di poesie e diversi lavori di saggistica, tra cui il libro di memorie del 1931 intitolato semplicemente “Life”, che raccontava la storia del suo viaggio personale che ha portato al servizio in prima linea nel 1904.
Gedroits fu colpita da un tumore all’utero e morì nel 1932 nella sua Kiev, dove è sepolta. Vera GedroitsAikido, müsabakası olmayan, rekabete dayanmayan geleneksel bir Japon savaş sanatıdır. Partnerle çalışılır,
bir kişi saldıran rolündeyken diğeri savunan rolündedir. Aikido tekniklerinden birini kullanarak saldırıdan
kurtulmak, saldıranı etkisiz hale getirmek amaçlanır. Kurucusunun dünya görüşü ve felsefesi, aikido sanatını
fiziksel ve ilkesel olarak oldukça etkilemiştir. Kurucunun “Masakatsu agatsu” (Gerçek zafer,
kişinin kendine karşı zaferidir) sözü, onun aikido vasıtasıyla yaymak istediği mesajı ortaya koymaktadır.
Aikido hem kişinin kendini fiziksel olarak savunmayı öğrenmesini hem de kendini geliştirmesini, egosunu
yenmesini, serinkanlı ve barışçıl olmasını amaçlar.发布时间：2020-06-01 11:28:30
?律师在刑事案件中的主要工作是什么？由于种种原因，大多数人对律师在刑事案件中的工作和作用并不了解，甚至很多人对律师的作用产生了怀疑。但事实上，刑事案件中律师的工作很多，他们所扮演的角色毋庸置疑。
律师在刑事案件中的主要工作是什么？由于种种原因，大多数人对律师在刑事案件中的工作和作用并不了解，甚至很多人对律师的作用产生了怀疑。但事实上，刑事案件中律师的工作很多，他们所扮演的角色毋庸置疑。
1、 调查阶段
侦查阶段是刑事案件的开始。当当事人被逮捕，人身自由受到限制时，意味着案件已进入侦查阶段。从这个阶段开始，当事人开始与外界失去联系，律师的工作也开始了。
大多数当事人对法律不太了解，也不知道自己行为的后果。此时，律师可以申请与当事人见面，为当事人提供全面的法律咨询，使其对自己的行为、所处的环境、未来的趋势有一个全面正确的认识，使当事人心底有底，不再害怕身处封闭的环境。
从该党被捕之时起，它将与外界失去联系。这时，党的大多数亲朋好友对案件的细节都不太了解，像无头苍蝇一样浪费时间。但此时，这些问题将在律师的帮助下得到解决。律师通过会见当事人，可以充分了解案件的真实情况，与当事人核实案件的详细情况，根据案件真实可靠的事实，为当事人提供全面有效的法律服务。
恢复其人身自由的***有效办法是在法院正式宣布一方无罪或中止审判之前，在现阶段获得一名等待审判的担保人。律师可以根据法律和事实依据，分析案件的具体情况，形成详细的书面申请，适时申请保释，及时恢复当事人的人身自由。
在讯问过程中，刑讯逼供的现象依然存在。虽然这种行为是法律所不允许的，但由于这种现象不易被发现，当事人只能默默承受。有了律师的参与，这一现象完全可以避免。律师会见委托人时，委托人可以及时向律师说明受到的不公平待遇，律师可以根据犯罪嫌疑人的供述起诉相关责任人，有效监督侦查人员的审判行为。一旦罪名成立，原供述可能因非法收集证据而完全失效。这样一来，当事人就可以为今后的审判打下良好的基础。
2、 审查起诉阶段
侦查阶段一结束，侦查机关将依法对需要追究刑事责任的犯罪嫌疑人向检察机关提起公诉。这是本案
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were to stop funding these organizations, millions of people would either die or be forced to join the ranks of Boko Haram.
As one of the richest countries in the world, the U.S. has a moral obligation to intervene in these types of situations. As José Graziano da Silva, director of the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization, warned: ”There will be no sustainable peace if people continue to be left behind.”
Part of the issue is this idea that the U.S. cannot afford to provide foreign aid. But as journalist William Lambers points out, it’s not so much an issue of affordability as it is an issue of prioritization.
“The U.S. and the international community need to do more to help the world’s poor,” Lambers writes. “Instead of misplaced budget priorities focused on excessive military spending or building giant border walls, the focus should be more on foreign aid and development.”Uova di quaglia non è molto simile al pollo noto. Esternamente, è alcuni ciottoli screziati. Tuttavia, è molto uova vere, non inferiore a l'utilità di pollo e addirittura superare! Inoltre, questo prodotto è estremamente importante … gli uomini! Perché? Impariamo!
Uova di quaglia per gli uomini
Manutenzione del livello di potenza e ridurre il rischio esistente di cosiddetta disfunzione erettile negli uomini – è il compito principale di uova di quaglia contro il sesso forte. Immaginate uova di quaglia per gli uomini e le donne sono prodotto più utile di pollo perché molte volte superiori a loro!
Quali sono i loro vantaggi?
Proprietà medicinali e utili di questo prodotto sono stati menzionati anche nei manoscritti antichi papiri egiziani. La prima nazione ad addomesticare quaglie selvatiche, erano cinesi. Mentre la corte era IX secolo. Nel 13 ° secolo, i giapponesi sono stati attivamente riprodursi.
Quando non era noto a tutti la tragedia di Hiroshima e Nagasaki, gli scienziati giapponesi hanno consigliato di utilizzarlo uova di quaglia. Per gli uomini che vogliono evitare il rischio di disfunzione erettile, che non hanno dimostrato perché è il loro effetto di miracolo è stato scoperto qualche tempo dopo. Ma sono molto rimuove attivamente radionuclidi dal corpo umano, che ha visitato la zona radioattiva.
Inoltre, i giapponesi hanno scoperto che queste uova sono molto male attiva capacità mentali del bambino. Non stupisce che il governo giapponese in una delle sue leggi per fare una correzione sulle uova di quaglia: per gli uomini e per i bambini – questo è un prodotto obbligatoria! gli scienziati bulgari in generale credo che questo prodotto è superiore nella sua efficacia per tutto il ben noto Viagra. In questo caso, la causa dell'effetto miracolo sta nella unicità delle uova di quaglia.
Come usarli?
Oggi, ci sono tanti modi e ricette di come bere uova di quaglia. Per esempio, molti uomini tedeschi (probabilmente non gli automobilisti) iniziare una nuova giornata con la colazione obbligatoria, che consiste di 4 uova di quaglia crude e un cucchiaio di vodka! Bulgari sono generalmente aggiunti al prodotto, là e dappertutto: in chips, nel guazzabuglio, cotti in torte e così via … uova di quaglia possono essere consumati crudi, bolliti, fritti o in salamoia. Essi sono attivamente utilizzati in cucina molti della cucina nazionale.
Altre proprietà utili di uova di quaglia
proprietà medicinali
scienziati americani hanno condotto uno studio dettagliato del tempo, durante il quale è stato rivelato che il prodotto è utile e anche mostrato nelle seguenti patologie:
- gastrite;
- pancreatite;
- diabete;
- disturbi del sistema nervoso;
- malattie dello stomaco;
- asma e altri.
proprietà cosmetiche
uova di quaglia, recensioni delle quali in cosmetica è solo positivo, è ora ampiamente utilizzato nel campo. Il fatto che il loro estratto (tirosina) molto spesso utilizzato nella fabbricazione di maschere o creme progettati per la persona che dà una bella e sana tonalità.And not just because of better sniff tests
Good news for people who live in perpetual fear of their milk going bad: Scientists at Purdue University and the University of Tennessee announced earlier this week that they have created a new way to improve milk shelf life without chemical additives or preservatives. Researchers claim that their new pasteurization process can keep milk from spoiling for over 60 days, a vast improvement over existing practices which get two or three weeks of freshness from a carton of milk. And, of course, this goes well beyond you opening a carton, smelling it, and praying that curdled milk doesn’t come out onto your cereal.
The secret lies in a “rapid, low-temperature process” that raises the temperature of milk by ten degrees for less than a second. This process kills 99 percent of the microorganisms present in milk, increasing its shelf life dramatically. Pasteurization, the typical process for killing bacteria in milk and other foods, relies on heating milk to anywhere from 145 to 161 degrees Fahrenheit, depending on the procedure. But this process allows for a significantly larger number of bacteria to survive after heating, which results in milk’s shelf life being around two to three weeks.
For this experiment, scientists introduced Lactobacillus and Pseudomonas—two common bacterias found in milk—into a batch of pasteurized moo juice. They then pushed tiny milk droplets into a heated, pressurized chamber while quickly raising and lowering the temperature. At its hottest, the milk still never neared pasteurization temperatures, but was still able to kill of most bacteria due to the sudden temperature changes.
Bruce Applegate, Associate Professor at Purdue University’s Department of Food Science, said, “With the treatment, you’re taking out almost everything. Whatever does survive is at such a low level that it takes much longer for it to multiply to a point at which it damages the quality of the milk.”
And although the research appears promising, don’t expect milk shelf life to change quite yet while you’re digging for the freshest carton in the dairy aisle. Researchers caution that the technology isn’t quite ready for full adoption. So far, only one dairy farm in Ohio has implemented the process, and it still doesn’t tout the extended shelf life in its labeling. But either way, the technology could help reduce waste and allow milk to travel to more far-flung locales, which would normally suffer from shorter shelf life times by way of pasteurization. Whether or not this means you’ll remember to clean out your fridge before it starts to smell funky, however, is up to you.Vasca di deprivazione sensoriale
|Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento Neuroscienze non cita le fonti necessarie o quelle presenti sono insufficienti.|
|Questa voce o sezione sull'argomento neuroscienze è ritenuta da controllare.
Motivo: La voce contiene numerose informazioni ambigue, poco chiare e alcune probabili bufale, tutto ovviamente senza fonti. Andrebbe ripulita dalla fuffa e dalle impressioni soggettive lasciando solo i dati oggettivi e misurabili
La vasca di deprivazione sensoriale, chiamata anche vasca di isolamento o vasca di galleggiamento, è uno strumento inventato dal Dr. John Lilly [1]alla fine degli anni cinquanta per lo studio della deprivazione sensoriale.
Lavorando nei laboratori del National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), il Dr. Lilly trovò una grande vasca usata durante la seconda guerra mondiale per lo studio sui sommozzatori. Decise di adattarla ai suoi scopi al fine di studiare meglio gli effetti della deprivazione sensoriale sul cervello umano e sugli stati alterati di coscienza. Il dibattito scientifico a quell'epoca verteva sulla possibilità che il cervello umano smettesse di funzionare in assenza di stimoli sensoriali. Per investigare su questa possibilità, John Lilly cercò di trasformare questa vasca in uno strumento in grado di ridurre al minimo gli stimoli esterni.
Originariamente la vasca permetteva allo sperimentatore di restare in una posizione verticale, ma successivamente gli studi proseguirono su una ad assetto orizzontale. La vasca era piena di acqua satura di sale solfato di magnesio, mantenuta costantemente a temperatura corporea in modo da eliminare la sensazione tattile. Il corpo dello sperimentatore si trovava così a galleggiare in assenza di gravità in un liquido isotermico. L'assenza degli altri stimoli veniva garantita isolando la vasca da luce e rumori esterni.
John Lilly sperimentò in segreto la vasca su se stesso, portando il suo organismo in assenza di stimoli per molte ore di seguito.[2] Da queste esperienze capì che non solo il cervello non smetteva di funzionare, anzi il galleggiamento gli aveva conferito la sensazione di riposo più profonda che avesse mai provato. Inoltre in assenza di stimoli esterni il cervello tendeva a indurre uno stato onirico profondo, in cui a volte si manifestavano anche allucinazioni.[2] Successivamente ai suoi studi la vasca di deprivazione sensoriale divenne uno strumento diffuso per raggiungere rilassamento, benessere e introspezione interiore.[3] Sulla vasca è stato anche prodotto un film ispirato alla vita di John Lilly che mostra la sua intensa ricerca su se stesso, Stati di allucinazione (vedi sotto).
Indice
Come funziona[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
La vasca consiste in un guscio di vetroresina che accoglie al suo interno una soluzione ipersatura di solfato di magnesio, mantenuta costantemente alla temperatura di 34,8 °C. Una volta preso posto all'interno, il corpo umano inizia a galleggiare sulla superficie del liquido che ha una profondità di soli 20 cm. All'interno della vasca si ricreano il buio e il silenzio assoluti, in modo da annullare tutti gli stimoli esterni. Dopo circa mezz'ora di sospensione nel liquido, si iniziano ad avvertire i primi segnali che qualcosa di insolito sta accadendo all'organismo.[3] La percezione dei confini corporei in genere svanisce, per cui la persona che vi è immersa non sente più di possedere un corpo che la confina. La sensazione di profondo rilassamento indotta da questo stato induce quella che viene chiamata "risposta parasimpatica". L'organismo si trova ad essere defaticato dall'impegno costante di monitorare la temperatura corporea e l'assetto gravitazionale (che occupano il 90% delle risorse) [3], e inizia a produrre sostanze associate al benessere come le endorfine. Dopo un'ora di permanenza in questo stato, tutte le tensioni corporee sono eliminate, e anche lo stress psicologico accumulato viene rilasciato.[3]
Applicazioni[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
La vasca di deprivazione sensoriale è uno strumento la cui diffusione in tutto il mondo iniziò negli anni '70, per migliorare lo stato di benessere psicofisico e le performance sportive. Alcune società sportive internazionali la usano per il recupero dei loro atleti. Vanta fra i suoi utilizzatori numerose personalità del mondo della scienza, della letteratura e dell'arte, grazie alla capacità di introspezione, visualizzazione e chiarezza mentale che fornisce. Lo stato particolare che si raggiunge al suo interno è paragonabile allo stato di profonda meditazione dei monaci buddhisti, come si è visto monitorando l'attività cerebrale delle persone immerse. Le onde cerebrali che vengono prodotte in maggioranza sono quelle theta, associate a visioni ipnagogiche, fantastiche, tipiche dello stato di dormiveglia.[3]
Filmografia[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
In numerosi film viene riportata l'idea della vasca. Primo fra tutti Stati di allucinazione (Altered States), un film del 1980 che racconta la storia di Lilly romanzata con un finale fantascientifico. Uno scienziato alla ricerca di un non meglio definito "Sé Originario" utilizza la vasca per amplificare gli effetti psicotropici di una miscela di funghi allucinogeni messicani. Ciò che scopre è che l'effetto potenziato di quella sostanza è in grado di modificare, oltre che il suo vissuto soggettivo, anche la realtà oggettiva. In questo modo, attraversando vari stadi di regressione allo stato primordiale di sé, lo scienziato si trova a percorrere a ritroso le tappe dell'evoluzione umana. Passa dal regredire allo stato di pitecantropo e poi ad una forma di vita intimamente correlata alla natura primordiale dell'universo, rischiando di divenire la causa dell'annichilimento dello stesso.
Nel film Minority Report, una vasca di tipo simile viene usata dai Precog, esseri con poteri di chiaroveggenza, per indagare sui delitti che verranno commessi. In questa vasca questi esseri vengono mantenuti in vita sospesi nel liquido che ne annulla le percezioni fisiche.
Nel film Daredevil il supereroe protagonista, rimasto cieco ma con la capacità di vedere grazie al suo udito supersviluppato, trova riposo in una specie di vasca-sarcofago entro cui è protetto dai rumori esterni.
Nel film giapponese ISOLA - La tredicesima personalità, una donna in una vasca di isolamento rimane uccisa a causa del terremoto. Poiché stava sperimentando un'esperienza extracorporea, il suo spirito privato del corpo va a dimorare nel corpo di una ragazzina con personalità multiple, difendendola ogni volta che questa viene molestata.
Possiamo anche trovare un riferimento alla funzione della vasca di privazione sensoriale nella prima stagione della serie TV Fringe, dove la protagonista la sfrutta, attraverso altri apparecchi riconducibili alla Pseudoscienza, per leggere ricordi a lei inaccessibili.
La vasca è stata anche utilizzata in uno degli episodi della serie Gli investigatori dell'occulto, dove due degli scienziati si immergono in alcune vasche di deprivazione sensoriale e, dopo ciò, dicono di aver percepito la presenza dei loro familiari morti. Uno di essi ha espressamente dichiarato di aver percepito un "abbraccio" mandatogli dai suoi nonni.
La vasca ha un ruolo chiave anche nella serie tv Stranger Things, essa consente infatti alla protagonista "11" di esprimere al massimo i suoi poteri mentali.
Note[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Bibliografia[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Una vasca simile è nominata anche nel romanzo di Dan Brown Il simbolo perduto, dove però la vasca viene usata come strumento di tortura in abbinamento ad un liquido respirabile per far credere alla persona immersa in essa di morire affogata.
Voci correlate[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Altri progetti[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Altri progetti进行任何旅行都可以使您充满期待或乐趣。您可以采取一些措施来改善旅途。本文中的以下提示可以帮助确保航行成功。
旅行时将所有有价值的贵重物品留在家中。
失去孩子可能会非常令人恐惧。
当心告诉您他们是陌生城市中的警察或政府官员的人。永远不要给别人您的真实护照。不要与您不认识的当地人一起骑车。
如果您将与蹒跚学步的孩子一起旅行，请确保他们有东西要占据。带上玩具以避免压力和麻烦。您可能需要购买一些新玩具来吸引他的注意力。
尝试在飞行前进行一些体育锻炼。这将帮助您避免长时间飞行的单调现象。长时间坐在一个位置可能会导致腿部和背部。
无论离家有多远，旅行都可能导致您希望随身携带一小块家。将自己限制在必要的舒适感上，让自己简短列出一整天使用的东西，这些东西离不开生活。打包那些确实必要的文件。
将旅行必备品存放在一个地方。避免浪费时间一起搜索所有旅行必需品。购买可以容纳所有旅行物品的塑料垃圾桶。可以藏在床底下的容器非常适合存放许多不同的物品。
随时随地从您的酒店携带名片。这对于不懂该语言的人很有用。
通常，在出发日预订机票会更加昂贵。
与孩子一起开车时每隔几个小时休息一下。间歇可能会给您时间来伸展和使用浴室。偶尔让小孩下车可以帮助他们避免晕车，虽然时间更长，但压力不会那么大。
您也可以在镜子上写字。您可以使用干擦标记笔，并且只需一点薄纸就可以轻松擦拭镜子。
即使租车代理商可能会尝试向您出售更多产品，您也可能不需要额外的保险。车辆保险单通常具有基本的第三方责任险。
如果没有精心计划，您的假期可能会立即以错误的脚开始。在网上阅读过其他人的评论。他们的经验可以帮助您避免住在危险的城镇或肮脏的旅馆里。
如果您在计划中遇到问题，您会感到沮丧。您可能会遇到航班延误的情况。可以解决这些问题的唯一两个人是您和一名可能没有犯错的员工。一开始，你们俩都想解决这个问题，但是您可能会发脾气。保持冷静并保持礼貌。这样您可以取得更大的成就，从而减少旅途压力。
尽量不要过多考虑旅途中可能发生的事情。规划行程时，请参考本文中的建议。给自己一些时间来学习计划出色旅行所需的一切。Documentary heritage reflects the diversity of languages, peoples and cultures. It is the mirror of the world and its memory. But this memory is fragile. Every day, irreplaceable parts of this memory disappear for ever.
The first and most urgent need is to ensure the preservation, by the most appropriate means, of documentary heritage that has world significance. It is also important to make this heritage accessible to as many people as possible, using the most appropriate technology, both inside and outside the countries in which it is located. Therefore UNESCO takes actions aimed at safeguarding documentary and audiovisual heritage.
Open Thematic Debate on “Preservation of information”
3 April 2007 (9.30 a.m. – 1 p.m.), French National Library in Paris (Room of the Belvédère, Tour des Lois)
Organized by the Bureau of the Intergovernmental Council for the Information for All Programme (IFAP) within the framework of its 12th session, the Debate will seek to develop a better understanding of what preservation of information entails today, to demonstrate its importance and to discuss the issues raised by the challenges and imperatives of preservation.
>> 12th meeting of the IFAP Bureau
Memory of the World Programme
UNESCO has launched the Memory of the World Programme to guard against collective amnesia calling upon the preservation of the valuable archive holdings and library collections all over the world ensuring their wide dissemination. >> Read more
UNESCO/Jikji Memory of the World Prize
In April 2004 UNESCO’s Executive Board approved the establishment of a Memory of the World Prize to further promote the objectives of the Memory
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of their actions. Professional correctional staff or treatment and education providers can all be trained to work with offenders in cognitive behavioral training programs, and reinforce the concepts in day to day encounters.
|What is the Cognitive Behavioral Training
Several years ago senior staff of the NC DOC (NC Department of Correction) attended a conference that focused on what method works best for the rehabilitation of offenders. At this conference and subsequent meetings, various DOC staff were presented with research on the effectiveness of the cognitive behavioral approach in working with offenders. By this time the Criminal Justice Partnership Program was also aware of these efforts and organized a series of workshops on using cognitive behavioral interventions to treat offenders.
As interest grew within the NCDOC regarding the cognitive behavioral approach, the Office of Research and Planning formed a task force of various department representatives. The Cognitive Behavioral Training Task Force was formed and began meeting in April 1997. This collaborative effort includes representatives from the Division of Prisons (Program Services, Diagnostic Services, Mental Health) the Division of Community Corrections (IMPACT, Criminal Justice Partnership Program), the Division of Alcoholism and Chemical Dependency Programs, the, the Office of Staff Development and Training, the Office of Research and Planning, TASC, the Administrative Office of the Courts and others.
The mission of the CBT Task Force is to provide information about the Cognitive Behavioral Interventions concept and help others to apply it in their offender rehabilitation efforts. Resulting from the efforts of this task force is:
|The Office of Research and Planning, NC Department of Correction, received a federal grant to initiate a Cognitive Behavioral Interventions Program for North Carolina. The grant will provide technical assistance and training to enable DOC staff to create pilot CBI programs in several areas of the state as part of their rehabilitative effort for offenders. The goal for CBI training is to equip offenders with the means to change their thoughts, attitudes and expectations that contribute to their criminal behavior, thus aiding them to become more productive citizens. Cognitive Behavioral Interventions has been adopted as a cornerstone philosophy in the rehabilitative programs within the NC Department of Correction.|Tango Tarihi
Tango tarihi: 19. yüzyılın son yıllarında Avrupa savaşlar, kıtlık ve ekonomik belirsizliklerle harap oldu. Gelecek için çok az umut ve anavatanlarında düzenli bir yaşam için çok az umutla, birçok genç erkek yeni bir hayata başlamak için Güney Amerika ülkelerine göç etti. Yüzbinlercesi Rio de la Plata üzerinde Arjantin'in başkenti Buenos Aires'e gitti.
Tango tarihi_ "Tango" kelimesinin Afrika kökenli olduğu düşünülmektedir.
ve tango "buluşma yeri" veya "özel yer" anlamına gelir. Ancak bu, Tango'nun da Afrika kökenli olduğu anlamına gelmez. Küba'da Habanera, İspanya'da Contradanza ve bir Afrika-Arjantin dansı olan Candombe, Tango'nun doğuşunda etkili oldu; ancak bu dansların hiçbiri Tango'yu Milonga kadar etkilemedi.
Milonga “parti” veya “fiesta” anlamına gelir.
ve Milonga müziği canlı, heyecan verici ve iyimser. Elimizdeki bilgi, Compadritos'un Afrika-Arjantin kökenli danslarla ilgili olduğu ve bu danslardan bazı figürleri Milonga'ya uyarlamış olabileceği yönünde.
Avrupa kökenli yeni Arjantinliler ortak bir kaderi paylaştılar,
yine de çoğu zaman umutsuzluk ve hayal kırıklığı içindeydiler. Bu gençler genellikle akademilerde ve pregundies'de, dans etmek için garsonların tutulabileceği eski püskü kafelerde vakit geçirirdi. Genç erkeklerin kadınları etkilemek için çok iyi dansçı olmaları gerekiyordu, bu yüzden dans onlar için çok önemli hale geldi.
Profesyonel dans akademileri olmadığı için,
erkekler, kafelerde kadınları baştan çıkarmadan önce sırayla erkek ve kadın adımlarını atarak ve bu şekilde pratik yaparak birbirlerine tango öğretmeye başladılar. Artık Avrupa dansının katı kurallarına bağlı olmadıklarından, erkekler danslarında kadınlara hakim olmak için çok pratik ve genellikle tamamen yeni yollar bulmaya başladılar.
Kerem Elena Tango. tangopera.comİçindekiler
Çocuğumun ne kadar yiyeceğe ihtiyacı var?
Küçük çocukların iştahları bir günden diğerine değişebilir. Ebeveyn veya bakıcı olarak aşağıdakilere karar verirsiniz:
- hangi yiyecekler sunulmaktadır;
- yemek ve atıştırmalıklar ne zaman servis edilir; ve
- nerede yemek ve atıştırmalıklar servis edilir.
Çocuğunuz aşağıdakilere karar verir:
- sunulanlardan hangi yiyecekleri yenir; ve
- ne kadar yemek.
Çocuğunuza az miktarda yiyecek sunarak başlayın ve daha fazlasını isteyin. Çocuğunuz aç veya dolu olduğunda size gösterecektir.
Bazen çocuğunuz aç olacak ve çok yemek yiyecektir. Diğer zamanlarda çok fazla yemek yemezler. Bu normal. Artık aç olmamaları durumunda çocuğunuza yemek yemesi veya bir yemeği bitirmesi için baskı uygulamayın veya rüşvet vermeyin.
Çocuğunuzun büyümesi veya iştahı hakkında sorularınız varsa, sağlık uzmanınızla konuşun.
Çocuğuma ne tür yiyecekler sunuyorum?
Çocuğunuza sizin ve ailenizin geri kalanının tadını çıkardığı sağlıklı yiyecekleri sunun. Çocuğunuza 4 farklı gıda grubundan farklı tatlar ve dokularla yiyecekler verin. 4 gıda grubu:
- Sebzeler ve meyve
- Tahıl ürünleri
- Süt ve alternatifler
- Et ve alternatifler
Sunduğunuz yiyeceklerin az tuz veya şeker eklenerek hazırlandığından emin olun. Somon, avokado, peynir ve fındık ezmesi gibi yağda daha yüksek olan sağlıklı yiyecekleri ekleyin.
Çocuğuma ne içmesini öneririm?
Su, çocuğunuz susadığında en iyi içecektir. Yemekler ve atıştırmalıklar arasında su verin.
Çocuğunuz 2 yaşına veya daha uzun olana kadar anne sütü sunmaya devam edebilirsiniz.
Çocuğunuz yemeklerde ve atıştırmalıklarda pastörize edilmiş (pas-churize) tam inek sütü ( %3.25 süt yağı) içebilir. Çocuğunuz artık emzirmiyorsa her gün 500 mL (2 bardak) sunun.
Sütü her gün en fazla 750 mL (3 bardak) ile sınırlayın. Çok fazla süt içmek çocuğunuzun karnını doldurur. Bu, demir gibi önemli besinleri olan gıdalara daha az yer bırakır – et, baklagiller, bebek tahıl veya pişmiş tofu gibi gıdalar.
Düşük yağlı sütler (yağsız, %1, %2), güçlendirilmiş soya içecekleri, pirinç ve bademli içecekler çocuğunuz 2 yaşından önce önerilmez. Çocuğunuzun ihtiyaç duyduğu yağ ve diğer besin maddeleri bakımından çok düşüktür. Çocuğunuz tam yağlı inek sütü içmiyorsa, neler sunabileceğiniz hakkında sağlık uzmanınızla konuşun.
Çocukların meyve suyu veya şekerli içeceklere ihtiyacı yoktur. Bunlar arasında pop, sporcu içecekleri, meyve içecekleri ve toz veya kristallerden yapılmış meyve aromalı içecekler sayılabilir. Çocuğunuza meyve suyu verirseniz, günde 125 mL’den (1/2 bardak) %100 meyve suyundan fazlasını sunmayın. Diş sağlığı için, sadece yemeklerle meyve suyu almak daha iyidir.
Çocuğunuza kafein veya yapay tatlandırıcılar içeren içecekler vermeyin.
Çocuğunuza bir içki verirken “sippy” fincan veya şişe yerine açık bir bardak kullanın. Açık bir fincan çocuğunuzun içmeyi öğrenmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Ayrıca diş çürümesi riskini azaltır.
Çocuğuma ne zaman yemek servisi yapmalıyım?
Çocuğunuza gün içinde en fazla 3 küçük öğün ve 1-2 atıştırmalık verin. Yemek ve atıştırmalıkları her gün yaklaşık aynı saatte servis etmeye çalışın. Bir yemek ve atıştırmalık programı, çocuğunuzun sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıkları geliştirmesine yardımcı olabilir.
Çocuğunuzun yemek sizden daha uzun sürebilir. Onlara yemeyi bitirmek için zaman tanıyın. Çocuğunuz size yemekle oynayarak yemeğin bittiğini gösteriyorsa, bir kitap veya oyuncağın tadını çıkarmak için masayı terk etmesine izin verin.
Ya çocuğum yemek istemiyorsa?
Çocuğunuzun ne kadar yemek istediği şunlardan etkilenir:
- ruh hali (yorgun, üzgün veya heyecanlı);
- sağlıkları;
- günün zamanı;
- sunulan yiyecek türü; ve
- ne kadar aktif olduklarını.
Çocuğunuz bazen çok az yemek yemiyor veya çok yemek yiyorsa sorun olmaz. Atlanan bir yemek veya atıştırmalık sağlıklı bir çocuğa zarar vermez. “Hayır” demek aynı zamanda çocuğunuzun seçim ve özgürlüğe sahip olma yoludur.
Çocuğunuz yemek için oturamazsa, yemek veya atıştırmalıktan önce biraz sessiz zaman planlayın. Yemek saatlerini sakin tutun ve TV, cep telefonları, tabletler ve bilgisayarları kapatın.
Tatlı ya da favori bir yemeği yemek için ödül olarak kullanmak gerekli değildir. Çocuğunuz bir yiyeceği sevmiyorsa veya yemek istemiyorsa, yiyeceği çıkarın ve 1-2 saat sonra sağlıklı bir atıştırmalık sunun.
Çocuğumun iyi yemesine yardımcı olmak için ne yapabilirim?
Oturun ve çocuğunuzla birlikte yiyin.
Çocuğunuza sağlıklı beslenmenin nasıl bir şey olduğunu gösterin. Siz çocuğunuzun en iyi rol modelisiniz. Yaptıklarınızı izleyerek yeni yiyecekler yemeyi ve keşfetmeyi öğrenecekler.
Birçok kez yeni yiyecekler sunun.
Çocuklar genellikle bir yiyeceği tatmadan önce birçok kez görmeli, koklamalı ve dokunmalıdır. Çocuğunuzun bir yiyeceği yemeden önce birçok kez tatması gerekebilir. Yeni yiyecekler sunmaya devam edin ve çocuğunuzun geçmişte reddettiği yiyecekleri ekleyin.
Çocuğunuza yemek için yeterli zaman tanıyın.
Küçük çocuklar dokunarak, koklayarak ve yiyeceklere bakarak öğrenirler. Çocuğunuza sunduğunuz yiyecekleri öğrenmesi için zaman tanıyın. Kaşık ve çatal kullanmayı öğrenmek de zaman alır. Çocuğunuzla birlikte oturup yavaş yemek yiyin. Bir karmaşa da nasıl yenileceğini öğrenmenin bir parçasıdır.
Aynı yemeği farklı şekillerde sunmayı deneyin.
Sabırlı ol. Çocuğunuza farklı şekillerde yapılmış yiyecekler vermeye devam edin: çiğ, pişmiş (buğulanmış, kavrulmuş), güveç, çorba ve soslarda. Çocuğunuz belirli bir şekilde pişirilmiş sebzeleri seviyorsa, onlara aynı şekilde yapılan diğer sebzeleri verin.
Çocuğunuzun zaten sevdiği yiyeceklerle yeni yiyecekler sunun.
Sık sık yeni yiyecekler sunun ve çocuğunuzun sevdiği en az 1 yiyecekle servis yapın. Çocuğunuz yemek istemiyorsa veya bir öğünde çok az yiyorsa, 1 ila 2 saat sonra sağlıklı bir atıştırmalık sunun. Çocuğunuz için farklı bir yemek yapmak, onların sağlıklı bir yiyici olmasına yardımcı olmaz. Bazen küçük çocuklar sadece aynı yiyecekleri tekrar tekrar yemek isterler. Bu normaldir ve birkaç hafta veya ay sürebilir. “Favori” yiyecek sağlıklıysa, çeşitli diğer sağlıklı yiyeceklerle birlikte sunmaya devam edin. “Favori” yiyecekler daha az sağlıklı bir seçenekse, çocuğunuza daha az verin.
Alerjiler
Gıda alerjileri hakkında sorularınız veya endişeleriniz varsa, çocuğunuzun doktoru, çocuk doktoru, kayıtlı bir diyetisyen veya bir halk sağlığı hemşiresi ile konuşun.Next: Cosmic Repeater Hypothesis
Up: Long Delayed Echoes
Previous: 138ms Periodicity Theory
- Hypothesis: Plasma clouds ejected by the sun reflect the
- Plasma clouds typically travel at 1000 km/s, so any reflections
would entail significant Doppler shift.
- Such clouds would produce substantial QRN on the HF bands, which
has never correlated to reported LDEs.
- The geometry would have to be just right to avoid Doppler shift.
Ken Harker WM5R email@example.com
Last updated: 26 August 2002Small midges start in the kitchen not only in the summer because of the large amount of fruit on the table. Insects can appear in cereals, flour, vegetables, even in winter. How to get rid of small midges in the kitchen? This question constantly arises among many housewives. There is a solution!
Where do gnats come from in the kitchen
Sometimes it’s so difficult to determine where the midges come from, it all comes down to fighting insects themselves. Most of our compatriots share all kitchen gnats on flies (green, brown, black) and Drosophila. The problem is that the small domestic vulture is much more diverse. Initially, you should decide where the midges come from in the kitchen. Sources can be very diverse:
- Ripe and rotten fruits, berries and vegetables. Individuals lay eggs on ripe fruits that begin to rot. When they get into the room, favorable conditions are created for the development of a new generation of insects. It doesn’t matter where the product is stored - in the refrigerator or on the table.
- A garbage bin and rubbish where the vacuum cleaner or a mop does not get. The apple core under the cabinet is attractive for midges, as is the fresh fruit. A dirty bucket, a container, a bottle attract them no less.
- Drain in the sink. Most housewives believe that their sink is washed perfectly, but in the depths of the drain a large amount of waste constantly accumulates. Over time, if pipe cleaning products are not used, nutritive rot forms for the development of insects.
- Neighbors. Man is a social being, and different people live in an apartment building: neat and not very. Even when one apartment is perfectly clean, you can see insects that have flown through the ventilation from less clean owners.
- Indoor flowers (land for them). Small earthen bugs can even start in apartments on the upper floors. They are attracted by high humidity, and they easily settle in the soil for plants.
How to get rid of fruit midges
Fruit midges or fruit flies cannot tolerate cleanrooms. This figurative definition suggests that before you take up detergents and dichlorvos, you need to clean up the kitchen. You can do it with folk remedies, but a few simple tips will help get rid of fruit midges without undue effort and avoid the appearance of new insects:
- You should find the source where insects wound up and destroy.
- Clean the kitchen thoroughly - especially if there are pets or children in the house.
- Garbage should be taken out daily and the garbage bin should be washed regularly.
- All food should be refrigerated or stored in airtight containers.
- The area near the sink must be kept clean.
How to get rid of onion midges
Onion midges start up in onions. This happens due to improper storage of vegetables in bags or sealed packaging, where they begin to dry and rot. If insects started to fly out of them, then you need to sort out the products and throw out all the spoiled ones. You can get rid of onion midges, which tend to multiply quickly, with the help of needles or fleece soaked in essential oil, which must be left next to vegetables. If there are too many insects, then it is worth using household traps for flies and midges.
How to get rid of midges in cereals
How to get rid of midges in the kitchen if they settled in flour or cereal? Larvae and eggs of brown bugs get into the packaging even at the packaging stage by the manufacturer or, if a weighted item was purchased, in a store or on the market. Just as in the fight against fruit flies, you need to sort out all possible sources of infection and get rid of the damaged ones. It will not work to sort and clean them, because insect eggs are extremely difficult to notice.
Storage areas for infected cereals where insects are wound: boxes, containers, bags - all this needs to be disinfected for disinfection and poison the discovered larvae. To prevent subsequent infection, put a bay leaf or a clove of garlic in a container. As an alternative way, you can send food for 2-3 days in the freezer. But getting rid of midges in cereals is almost impossible.
The remedy for midges
You can get rid of midges with the help of store funds. Most industrial products can be purchased in stores, but they have a chemical base and their use is undesirable - allergic reactions are possible (they are poisonous to humans and animals) and more serious consequences. The most popular, common aerosols are Reid, Dichlorvos. To etch insects in flower pots, Aktaru or Thunder-2 is used.
Instead of buying expensive and not always effective household chemicals, you can make do-it-yourself traps for midges. The creation process does not require special technical skills, and the devices themselves are absolutely safe for homeowners and pets. Here are the three simplest recipes for getting rid of annoying insects in the kitchen:
- For use, a jar or a bottle with a wide neck is suitable. Inside, you need to pour a little apple cider vinegar (you can add a little banana for the bait), and close the neck with a lid with small holes so that the nest can get inside. The bait helps to catch insects, and they die in vinegar.
- The plastic bottle is cut so that the top does not reach the middle of the resulting container. The neck is fixed upside down with tape. Wine vinegar or stewed fruit, which began to sour, with a small amount of liquid soap, is poured into the bottom of the bottle itself. You need to set traps throughout the house.
- How to deal with midges in the kitchen, what to do if there are no
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The vicissitudes of the israeli-palestinian peace process since 1967 are analyzed using attitudes and related con cepts where relevant the 1967 war returned. Additionally, arab and muslim aggression towards the jewish state since its founding in 1948 is a leading contributor to hindrances in any peace process. Daniel polisar of shalem college in jerusalem shook the debate over palestinian-israeli relations in november 2015 with his essay, “what do. Free essays from bartleby | hatred between israelis and the palestinians the in order to fully understand the enmity that keeps causing peace talks to break.
The primary focus of efforts to achieve peace in the israeli-palestinian conflict this goal has been the basis of peace talks for decades. Sometimes called oslo after the 1993 oslo accords that kicked it off, the peace process is an ongoing american-mediated effort to broker a peace treaty. Palestine/israel conflict have been the center of debate between pro-israel and pro- palestine could only live in peace if they re-captured the land of israel employment in israel would be denied and states that “both the process of.
The peace process in the israeli–palestinian conflict refers to intermittent discussions held one possible idea by this essay is to agree ahead of time that following attainment of a final status agreement there will be a negotiated detailed and. Obama's record on israeli-palestinian peace recognition that palestinians would eventually have to play a role in the peace process a few.کابل -- دفتر ریاست جمهوری افغانستان در یک خبرنامه گفت که رئیس جمهور اشرف غنی بروز پنجشنبه (۱۳ ثور) روند توزیع تذکره های الکترونیکی را شروع کرد.
رولا غنی، بانوی نخست افغانستان، در یک مراسم در کابل رئیس جمهور را برای دریافت تذکره های الکترونیکی همراهی کرد.
رییس جمهور غنی اشاره کرد که توزیع [این تذکره های الکترونیکی] بخاطر حملات تروریستی اخیر در کابل انجام می گیرد.
غنی با اشاره به یک حمله بر کابل که سبب کشته شدن حد اقل ۲۵ نفر، به شمول ۹ ژورنالیست شد، گفت: «بم گذار انتحاری روز دوشنبه [۱۰ ثور] به احتمال بسیار زیاد تذکره تقلبی داشته است.» داعش مسؤولیت آن حمله را بر دوش گرفته است.
وی افزود: «بنابرین، امنیت افغان ها برای من مهم است ... ما باید بدانیم که چه کسی افغان است و بیومتریک می تواند به ما نشان دهد که فرد از کجا آمده و سابقه او چیست؟»Wounded Knee Massacre – Mass grave for the dead Lakota after the conflict at Wounded Knee Creek; December 29th, 1890
The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890, near Wounded Knee Creek (Lakota: Čhaŋkpé Ópi Wakpála) on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in the U.S. state of South Dakota. On the day before, a detachment of the U.S. 7th Cavalry Regiment commanded by Major Samuel M. Whitsideintercepted Spotted Elk’s band of Miniconjou Lakota and 38 Hunkpapa Lakota near Porcupine Butte and escorted them five miles westward (8 km) to Wounded Knee Creek, where they made camp.
The remainder of the 7th Cavalry Regiment arrived, led by Colonel James W. Forsyth and surrounded the encampment supported by four Hotchkiss mountain guns.
On the morning of December 29, the troops went into the camp to disarm the Lakota. One version of events claims that during the process of disarming the Lakota, a deaf tribesman named Black Coyote was reluctant to give up his rifle, claiming he had paid a lot for it.A scuffle over Black Coyote’s rifle escalated and a shot was fired which resulted in the 7th Cavalry’s opening fire indiscriminately from all sides, killing men, women, and children, as well as some of their own fellow soldiers. The Lakota warriors who still had weapons began shooting back at the attacking soldiers, who quickly suppressed the Lakota fire. The surviving Lakota fled, but U.S. cavalrymen pursued and killed many who were unarmed.
By the time it was over, more than 200 men, women, and children of the Lakota had been killed and 51 were wounded (4 men, 47 women and children, some of whom died later); some estimates placed the number of dead at 300. Twenty-five soldiers also died, and 39 were wounded (6 of the wounded would later die).
“In the late 19th century, shortly after the patent of the telephone, the race was on to connect everyone to the phone grid. However, due to technical limitations of the earliest phone lines, every telephone required its own physical line strung between a house or business to a phone exchange where the call was manually connected by a live operator. The somewhat quixotic result of so many individual lines was the construction of elaborate and unsightly towers that carried hundreds to thousands of phone lines through the air.
In Stockholm, Sweden, the central telephone exchange was the Telefontornet, a giant tower designed around 1890 that connected some 5,000 lines which sprawled in every direction across the city. Just by looking at historical photos it’s easy to recognize the absurdity and danger of the whole endeavor, especially during the winter months. Everything that could possibly go wrong did. From high winds to ice storms and fires, the network was extremely vulnerable to the elements. Luckily, phone networks evolved so rapidly that by 1913 the Telefontornet was completely decommissioned in favor of much simpler technology. The remaining shell stood as a landmark until it too caught fire in 1953 and was torn down.”Nel 1973 lo psicologo David Rosenhan decise di eseguire un esperimento per provare al mondo l’arbitrarietà delle diagnosi in ambito psichiatrico e l’altissima probabilità di incorrere in errori di valutazione.
Lo studio fu pubblicato sulla rivista Science con il titolo On being sane in insane places (Sull’esser sani in luoghi folli) e scosse profondamente il mondo della medicina dell’epoca.
Lo studio si svolse in due fasi diverse, con risultati simili.
Fase 1: internamento di pazienti sani
Lo stesso Rosenhan e sette collaboratori mentalmente sani (uno studente, due psicologi, un pediatra, uno psichiatra, un pittore e una casalinga) chiamarono delle cliniche psichiatriche dichiarando di avere allucinazioni uditive con alcune parole ricorrenti. Le loro biografie furono modificate eliminando le connessioni con l’ambito della psicologia, mentre il resto fu lasciato come era.
Dopo alcuni controlli, tutti vennero ricoverati: da quel momento avevano ricevuto istruzioni di comportarsi normalmente e di dichiarare le loro allucinazioni scomparse.
Nonostante avessero gli stessi sintomi, a 7 fu diagnosticata la schizofrenia, ad uno la psicosi maniaco-depressiva. La loro permanenza variò da 7 a 52 giorni, e tutti furono dimessi con una diagnosi di “schizofrenia in remissione” (uno stigma che li avrebbe seguiti – ingiustamente – per tutta la vita).
Gli pseudopazienti prendevano nota continuamente di ciò che accadeva in ospedale, ma questo non destò sospetti negli operatori. Anzi, molti di loro tendevano a considerare questo comportamento come un’ulteriore prova di malessere mentale, come una vera e propria patologia. I pazienti delle strutture invece non si lasciarono ingannare: 35 di essi, su un totale di 118, espressero il sospetto che gli pseudopazienti fossero sani; alcuni ipotizzarono addirittura che fossero ricercatori o giornalisti.
Gli pseudopazienti dovevano aspettare di essere dimessi spontaneamente dagli ospedali, ma questo non avvenne molto velocemente. Per poter lasciare l’ospedale, nonostante il comportamento normalissimo, dovettero ammettere di essere malati e fingere di prendere farmaci antipsicotici (che gettavano regolarmente nella toilette).
In generale, tutti i partecipanti lamentarono un enorme senso di disumanizzazione; riportarono di abusi verbali e fisici e di essere stati trattati come animali, senza privacy né diritti di alcun tipo.
Fase 2: i falsi impostori
Dopo aver appreso dell’esperimento, una struttura ospedaliera lanciò una sfida al dottor Rosenhan: certi che nel proprio centro gli errori di valutazione fossero impossibili, gli operatori invitarono il medico ad inviare nell’arco di tre mesi uno o più pseudopazienti, che si sarebbero impegnati a riconoscere prontamente.
Su 193 pazienti ricoverati, 41 furono considerati impostori e 42 furono dichiarati sospetti. Immaginate la sorpresa della comunità medica nello scoprire che in quella struttura Rosenhan non aveva inviato alcun impostore…
Conclusioni
Nonostante nei decenni successivi la diagnosi delle malattie mentali sia diventata sempre più evoluta e abbia consolidato sempre più le sue basi scientifiche, l’esperimento di Rosenhan fu fondamentale per mettere in luce l’arbitrarietà con cui alcune strutture tendevano ad attribuire uno stigma ai loro pazienti; la presunzione di malattia finiva troppo facilmente per diventare una certezza, distorcendo e interpretando a piacimento anche i comportamenti più “sani” e naturali.
via Curioctopus怎么降低论文查重率小技巧
1、避免使用相同的措辞：如果你不小心将其他人的文献中使用的精确语句、措辞或表达复制到你的论文中，那么查重率将会大大提高。因此，在准备写作时要注意避免使用相同的措辞和表述方式。
2、多看审稿人意见：向审稿人寻求帮助时，仔细阅读审稿人所提出的意见。根据这些意见修正文章内容，对于减少文章重要性有很大好处。
3、申请查重工具：可以使用一些专业的查重工具来测试论文中有无相似性，如paperpass等。这些工具可以帮助你避免复制别人的文字或内容而造成重复和相似性问题。
4、准备不同版本的文章：当然，最好是为你的文章准备不同版本。当你在保存不同版本的文章时（例如PDF和Word格式），这能有效地减少两份文章之间相似度并提高独特性。
怎么降低论文的查重率
1. 添加论文参考文献：添加相关的参考文献能够增加论文的原创性，降低查重率。
2. 改变论文的表述方式：改用不同的词语、句式或是写作手法来表述相同的意思，这样也能够降低论文的查重率。
3. 考虑使用图形和表格：在写作论文时，考虑使用图形、表格等其他形式来展示信息和数据，也会有助于降低论文的查重率。
怎样写论文才能查重率低啊
1.准备写论文前，一定要熟悉你的专业的相关背景知识，以及这个领域的有关学者和著作。
2.尽量避免将整段引用直接复制进文章中，因为直接引用可能会被归类是“复制品”，对你的论文造成非常大的影响。
3.使用不同的语法写句子，避免重复使用英语表达方式。此外，努力去理解原始文章中表达的思想并尝试以不同的方式来表达你所理解的内容。
4.一定要做好参考文献管理工作，使用正确标准化样式来标注你所引用、参考或者使用过的文本或图片，以便于他人在检测时能正常地识别出来。
5.如有必要，在最后对整个文章进行一次审阅并检查是否存在遗漏现象或者重复使用问题。
怎样在知网上查重论文
1. 在知网首页，点击“专业检索”，进入“中国学术文献库”，在左侧的菜单栏中选择“抄袭检测”。
2. 将你想要进行查重的文章以word格式上传。
3. 点击右侧的“开始查重”，就可以使用百度学术的反抄袭功能了。روابط دوستانه قوی دوره نوجوانی سلامت روان را تقویت می کند
محققان می گویند که داشتن رابطه دوستی قوی و صمیمی در دوران نوجوانی به بهبود برخی جنبه های سلامت روان مانند اضطراب، پذیرش اجتماعی، ارزش به خود و علائم افسردگی کمک می کند.
محققان دانشگاه ویرجینیا به بررسی یک نمونه آماری متشکل از 169 نوجوان بالای 10 سال پرداختند و آنها را از سن 15 سالگی تا 25 سالگی تحت نظر داشتند.
راشل نار، سرپرست تیم تحقیق، در این باره می گوید: «تحقیقات ما نشان داد که کیفیت دوستی در دوران نوجوانی به طور مستقیم جنبه های سلامت روانی و عاطفی طولانی مدت را پیش بینی می کند.»
وی در ادامه می افزاید: «دانش آموزان دبیرستانی دارای بهترین روابط دوستانه به مرور زمان از لحاظ چند جنبه از سلامت روان بهبود یافتند، در حالیکه نوجوانانی که در میان همسالانشان در طول دبیرستان محبوب بودند، بیشتر در معرض اضطراب اجتماعی در زندگی در سنین بالاتر قرار داشتند.»
نوجوانان سالانه مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند و به سؤالاتی درباره نزدیکترین دوستان خود پاسخ می دادند، و در مورد روابط دوستی و شرکت در مصاحبه ها و ارزیابی هایی که از جمله مربوط به احساساتی نظیر اضطراب، پذیرش اجتماعی، ارزش به خود و علائم افسردگی بود، گزارش می دادند.
محققان دریافتند نوجوانانی که در سن 15 سالگی دوستی های خود را اولویت بندی کردند، تا رسیدن به سن 25 سالگی در مقایسه با همسن و سال های خود اضطراب اجتماعی پایین تر، افزایش حس ارزش به خود و علائم افسردگی کمتری داشتند.
محققان عنوان می کنند که شاید این رابطه به این دلیل باشد که تجارب مثبت با دوستان باعث تقویت احساسات مثبت در مورد خود در مرحله ای از زندگی می شود که هویت فردی در حال شکل گیری است.
منبع: mehrnewsJohann Jakob Schudt
Schudt was born and died in Frankfort-on-the-Main. He studied theology at Wittenberg, and went to Hamburg in 1684 to study Orientalia under Ezra Edzardi. He then settled in his native city as teacher in the gymnasium in which he had been educated, and of which he became rector in 1717.
He devoted himself especially to Jewish history and antiquities, beginning with the publication of a Compendium Historiæ Judaieæ (1700). His greatest work was his Jüdische Merkwürdigkeiten, of which three parts appeared in 1714, and a supplementary part in 1717.
Up to that time he had been on friendly terms with the Jews of Frankfurt, writing a preface to Grünhut's edition of David Ḳimḥi's Commentary on the Psalms, 1712, while in 1716 he published the Purim play of the Frankfurt and Prague Jews with a High German translation. He had, however, previously published Judæus Christicida, attempting to prove that Jews deserved corporal as well as spiritual punishment for the crucifixion.
His "Jüdische Merkwürdigkeiten" is full of prejudice, and repeats many of the fables and ridiculous items published by Johann Andreas Eisenmenger; but it contains also details of contemporary Jewish life, a source for the history of the Jews, particularly those of Frankfurt.
Schudt also contributed to Ugolini's "Thesaurus" (vol. xxxii.) a dissertation on the singers of the Temple.
- Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie.Psikoloji nedir?
Psikoloji nedir?
Psikoloji, zihin ve davranış arasındaki bağlantıların incelenmesidir. Şu gibi sorulara yanıtlar sağlamaya çalışır: İnsanlar neden yaptıkları gibi davranırlar? İnsanları mutlu ya da mutsuz eden nedir? Zihin ve beyin arasındaki ilişkiler nelerdir?
Pek çok uluslararası öğrenci merak edebilir: Neden psikoloji okuyorsunuz? Pek çok ilginç soruya cevap vermenin yanı sıra, psikoloji okumak heyecan verici kariyer fırsatlarına yol açabilir. Psikolojinin ilgi çekici alanına daha yakından bakalım.
Psikolojide Araştırma Alanları
Psikolojide Araştırma Alanları
"Psikoloji nedir?" Sorusuna cevap vermenin bir yolu yok. Alandaki ilgi çekici birçok konuyu tanıtmadan. Bu tür heyecan verici konular arasında öğrenme ve hafıza, duyu ve algı, duygu ve motivasyon, gelişim ve bozukluklar ve diğerleri yer alır. İnsan davranışıyla ilgili sorulacak ilginç bir soru varsa, kesinlikle incelenmeye değer bir araştırma grubu vardır. Öyleyse, cevaplamak için: psikoloji nedir? Psikoloji, zihnin belirli işlevlerini ve işlev bozukluklarını daha yakından incelemek için parçalayan geniş bir zihin bilimidir.
Deneysel ve Klinik Psikoloji
Deneysel ve Klinik Psikoloji
Uluslararası öğrenciler, ABD'de psikoloji çalışmalarına yönelik iki farklı yaklaşım olduğunun farkında olmalıdır. Bu iki yaklaşım tamamen farklı değildir, ancak önemli farklılıklar vardır. İlk yaklaşım olan deneysel psikoloji, insan aklı ve davranışları hakkındaki gerçekleri keşfetmek için araştırma ve deneylere vurgu yapar. Bu yolu seçen öğrencilerin, kontrollü deneyler yapmak için temel bilimsel yöntemi ve verileri yorumlamak için istatistiklerin kullanımını anlamaları beklenecektir. İkinci yaklaşım olan klinik psikoloji de insan psikolojisini anlamaya çalışır, ancak aynı zamanda insanlara psikolojik iyilik hallerinde yardımcı olmayı amaçlar. Bu yolu seçen öğrencilerden yine de zihni anlamaları beklenecek, ancak aynı zamanda bir doktorun bir hastayla nasıl etkileşimde bulunduğuna benzer bir şekilde bireylerle etkileşim kurmayı öğrenecekler. Bu psikoloji alanındaki uzmanlar bazen danışmanlık, terapi ve hatta bazen reçeteli ilaçlar bile uygulamaktadır. Öğrencilerin psikolojideki ilgi alanlarının ne olduğuna karar verirken bu iki ayrı yaklaşımı akıllarında tutmaları önemlidir.
Kariyer fırsatları
Kariyer fırsatları
"Neden psikoloji okuyorsunuz?" Sorusunun yanıtlarından biri. Bunu yapanlar için çok çeşitli kariyer fırsatlarının olması. Psikoloji ile ilgili sorularla en çok ilgilenenler kendi iyilikleri için araştırmacı, öğretmen veya profesör olmak isteyebilir. İnsanlara yardım etmek isteyenler,
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also notes that other powerful X-ray lasers are now operating or under construction around the globe, and states that a "grand goal" is to push X-ray imaging techniques to their "ultimate limit and use an X-ray laser to decipher a protein structure by zapping individual molecules ... some researchers say the new result suggests that objective may not be too far out of reach."
"We are very excited about these results and this recognition," said Uwe Bergmann, LCLS deputy director. "Our congratulations go to the research team and to the SLAC staff who made this possible. After many efforts in understanding and demonstrating how the laser works, we are now starting to answer important questions. Structural biology is one example, and there are other areas taking advantage of the unique capabilities provided by the LCLS."
The recognition for LCLS's groundbreaking structural biology research is not the only achievement cited by Science in which SLAC scientists played a part. Science's top choice, the announced discovery of a Higgs-like particle, benefited from SLAC's contributions: some SLAC researchers presently participate in the ATLAS Experiment, and their historic contributions include measurements at the SLAC Large Detector and important theoretical contributions.
A separate Top 10 list from Physics World recognized the first direct observation of a time reversal violation – a measurement in the time it takes for a particle to flip from one quantum state into another vs. the time it takes to flip back again – based on data from SLAC's BaBar experiment, which ran from 1999 to 2008.
Explore further: FLASH Imaging Redux: Nano-Cinema is Born- نویسنده : راجر مور
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- ترجمه : راضیه خضری
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- منبع : مووی نِیشِن
ترنس فلچر، بابی نايتی باتوم به دست است، مرد ستمگر و زورگوی برنامه گروه جاز کنسرواتوار باشکوه شافر نيويورک. به عنوان گردن کلفتی دمدمی مزاج، او تنها به اين دليل از ديگران تعريف و تمجيد میکند تا بتواند آنهایی که ازشان تعريف کرده است - شامل نوازنده های ترومپت، بونز، باس و درام- را با زشتترين کلمات و وحشيگری غيرقابل تصور خرد و تخريب کند. جی. کی. سيمونز، کسی است که توانسته نقش ترنس فلچر، به عنوان فردی با علايم بيماری جنون دوشخصيتی، را با مهارت هر چه تمام از طريق تغير حالت، لحن و حجم صدا در فيلم «ویپلش» ايفا نمايد.
«ویپلش» درباره گردن کلفتِ يک گروه موسيقی و آخرين هدفش، نوازنده درامی است که آنقدر مشتاق حضور در ميان بهترينهای موسيقی جاز است که حاضر است آنقدر بنوازد تا خون از سرِ انگشتان دردناکش به روی درام بپاشد. مايلز تلر، بازيگر «اکنونِ فوق العاده» حسن نيت خود را در صحنه ای در ابتدای فيلم، که در آن صحنه مشغول تمرين است، به بيننده ثابت میکند. او میتواند بنوازد. و در بقيه مدت زمان فيلم، تلر رفتار مناسبی را با سيمونز در نبردِ جذاب آرزوها، در نزول موسيقی به وادی جنون، با هدف رسيدن به کمال حفظ میکند. فلچر با اين جمله خود را به اندرو (تلر) معرفی میکند: "می دونی من کیام؟" فلچر بيرون از اتاقهای تمرين گروه های رده پايين خيلی سر به زير است، اما سايه تهديدگر وی را میتوان از شيشه بخار گرفته درب اتاق تمرين حس کرد. "می دونی من دنبال نوازندهها هستم؟ اندرو لبخند میزند و به علامت تاييد سر تکان میدهد. اما در اين جلسه خطری احساس میشود، نوعی عدم صميميت و تهديد ناشی از آنچه از خدعهها و تستهای فلچر ممکن است نصيب اين بچه شود. فلچر، تلر را با گفتن اين که "چرا وايستادی؟" میزند و بعد با گفتن "من گفتم دوباره بزنی (بنوازی)؟" دوباره او را میزند.
فیلمنامه «ویپلش» در ابتدا توسط کارگردان و نويسنده اين اثر، ديمين شزل، برای فيلم کوتاهی به نام «پيانوی بزرگ» نوشته شده بود. «ویپلش» ما را با دنيای دشوار و اعصاب خُرد کن جلسات تمرين گروه های بزرگ کلاسيک، برای مثال «کاروان» و گروه «ویپلش »، آشنا میکند. تمام نوازنده های جوان عصبی و دستپاچه هستند. از دست رفتن موقعيت گروه در جدول پرفروشها و محبوبهای هفتگی میتواند منجر به از دست دادن کنترل اين باسيست يا آن درامر شود. چون آنها میدانند که فلچرِ عصبانی و باهوش از کوره در خواهد رفت. اندرو به تدریج متوجه اين قضيه میشود، او به عنوان جايگزين درامر اصلی وارد گروه میشود، البته با هدف ترساندن و تهديد و تحریک درامر اصلی. فلچر افراد را با اردنگی بيرون میکند تا تنها يک پيام را مخابره کند. او مرتب وسط تمرينات چک میکند که چه کسی "خارج" میزند. او چيز، آن هم نه چيزهای سبک، به سمت بچهها پرت میکند.
و بيشترين سختگيری را در مورد درامرها به کار میبرد. قبل از تجزيه گروه «ویپلش»، سه نفر از اعضای گروه را از پا میاندازد، با فرياد میگويد که دوست دارد چه نتهایی را بشنود، از آنها میخواهد با سرعت بيشتری بنوازند، بارها و بارها با گفتن اين جمله نااميد کننده که "اين گامِ مورد نظر من نيست" به نوازندهها توهين میکند. پدر مطلقه ی اندرو (پل رایزر)، که نويسنده ای بی فروغ است، از پسرش حمايت میکند. اما از اين عليه او استفاده میشود. تلر در سينمای نمايش دهنده فيلمهای کلاسيک منهتن، که پاتوق او و پدر عشق فيلمش است، عاشق دختر بانمکی (مليسا بنويست) میشود. دختر چگونه خود را با اتفاقات سادومازوخيستی که هر روز در جلسات تمرين رُخ میدهند، وفق خواهد داد؟
شزل گام و تنش صحنهها را با کاتهای سريع و کلوزآپ های دقيق از فلوتهای خيس، ترومپتهای خالی و درامهای کوک شده بالا میبرد. او هرگز به نوازندهها اجازه نمیدهد تا احساس راحتی کنند يا با نوازنده ديگر صحبت کنند. اين فيلم مانند تمام فيلمهای ديگر اين ژانر پارانوييدی است و اندروی جيغ جيغو (پسر جديده) تنها استخوان ديگری برای دندانهای تيز فلچر است. فيلمنامه و سيمونز، که به خاطر نقشش در سريال «نزديک تر» و نقش سردبیر بدخلق، جی جوناه جيمسون، در «مرد عنکبوتی» به يادش میآوريم، از فلچر هيولایی ساختهاند و بعد به دنبال راهی برای توضيح او میگردند. از فلچر همچنين نيمه احساساتی و خوش مشربی نيز میبينيم. سيمونز فرد جذابی است، و به همين دليل هم به او آگهیهای تلويزيونی بيمه داده میشود. اما «ویپلش» يادمان میدهد که ديگر هرگز به او اعتماد نکنيم. بازی مایلز تلر فوقالعاده است و به بيننده اندک اميدی میدهد که پوست اين پسرک آنقدر دوام میآورد تا زير ضربات فلچر پينه ببندد. البته اگر اشتياقش برای مقبول واقع شدن قبلاً ديوانهاش نکند.Ev sahibi olmak ve yeni bir yaklaşıma mı ihtiyacınız var? Bolca tecrübeye ve etkileyici tasarımlara sahip bir İtalyan şirketi olan Siller merdivenlerinden muhteşem bir merdiven koleksiyonu sergilemek istiyoruz. Klasik ve klas ahşaptan, daha modern bir cama kadar, aşağıdaki merdivenlerin hepsi bir vitrinin zarafeti ve özgünlüğü. Bazıları fütüristik bir görünüme sahiptir, bir ekseni çevreleyen merdivenlerle, diğerleri sadece şıktır. Modellerin çoğu özel olarak üretilmiştir. Ürünün şekli ve büyüklüğü ile tasarımı ile ilgili sahiplerinin sahibi olabilir. Bunun şirketin en güçlü özelliği olduğunu düşünüyoruz - tüketiciyle olan bağlantısı. Duygu mu ilham ettin?A Reforestation project enforcing the Filipino community to plant indigenous trees and propagate seedlings
One of the serious threats to our country's natural ecosystems is the invasion of alien tree species. It is a great concern especially for biodiversity conservation. The problem, if not properly addressed, may result to the domination of these foreign species and may eventually annihilate the countries' native tree species, severely damaging our forest ecosystems that serve as habitats to a great diversity of plant and animal life.
Get updates about new products directly to your inboxDigital Schoolhouse together with Nintendo UK, uses play-based learning to engage pupils and teachers with Computing. The programme is delivered by games trade body Ukie and is backed by the creative digital industries and government. Sponsors include PlayStation®, SEGA, Ubisoft and Outright Games.
Our ingenious computing workshops are aimed at local primary schools across the UK. Delivered by our expert network of Schoolhouses and lead teachers, you can experience our unique approach to play-based learning through innovative activities and free adaptable resources. Underpinned by evidence-based research and combined the programme successfully bridges the gap between education and industry.
Since 2019 we have been a certified Digital Schoolhouse providing workshops on Computer Programming and Computational Thinking to students from the local primary schools. Students have been introduced to a range of programming concepts and practical activities in Scratch and Python.سید عزیزالله علوی زاده روز شنبه در گفت و گو با ایرنا افزود: پس از بررسی های زیرساخت استان بوشهر از سوی هیات شنا، شیرجه و واترپلو استان بوشهر درخواست میزبانی مسابقه های کشوری به فدراسیون شنا اعلام شد.
وی بیان کرد: به دنبال پیگیری های فراوانی که در این زمینه صورت گرفت فدراسیون شنا، شیرجه و واتر پلو نیز موافقت خود را با میزبانی بوشهری برای برگزاری مسابقه های کشوری و همچنین میزبانی اردوهای تیم ملی اعلام کرد.
علوی زاده با اشاره به حمایت های موثر اداره کل ورزش و جوانان برای گرفتن موافقت میزبانی مسابقات شنا گفت: مسابقه های شنا در رده سنی 11 تا 14 سال و مسابقه های شنا رده سنی 15 تا 17 سال(بصورت قهرمانی کشوری در شهریورماه سال جاری) از جمله بخش هایی است که فدراسیون میزبانی آن را به بوشهر واگذار کرد.
وی با تقدیر از نگرش مثبت محسن رضوانی رئیس فدراسیون شنا، شیرجه و واترپلو برای دادن میزبانی مسابقه های شنا به بوشهر ادامه داد: مسابقه های آب های آزاد (کشوری - بین المللی)، برپایی اردوهای تیم ملی شنا در رده های سنی نوجوانان، جوانان و بزرگسالان و آب های های آزاد در مهرماه سال جاری، برگزاری کلینیک های تخصصی مربیان شناگران در سطوح عالی از دیگر بخش هایی است که فدراسیون شنا، شیرجه و واترپلو آمادگی خود برای دادن میزبان آن به بوشهر اعلام کرده است.
وی با بیان اینکه تلاش برای میزبانی مسابقه های کشور تنها با هدف ارتقا ورزش شنا در استان بوشهر است گفت: استان بوشهر ظرفیت لازم برای تبدیل به یکی از قطب های ورزش شنا در کشور را دارا بوده واز این رو در این زمینه از هیچ تلاشی دریغ نخواهیم کرد.
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انتهای پیام /*
برای نمایش تمام اخبار مرتبط با عنوان «موافقت فدراسیون شنا با میزبانی بوشهر برای مسابقه های کشوری و بین المللی» اینجا کلیک کنید. شفاف سازی:
خبر فوق در سایت ایرنا-ورزشی منتشر شده و صرفا در این سایت بازنشر شده است. چنانچه به خبر فوق اعتراض دارید برای حذف آن روی این قسمت کلیک کنید.Washington State K–12 Learning Standards and Guidelines
WA.7.4. HISTORY - The student understands and applies knowledge of historical thinking, chronology, eras, turning points, major ideas, individuals, and themes of local, Washington State, tribal, United States, and world history in order to evaluate how history shapes the present and future.
7.4.2. Understands and analyzes causal factors that have shaped major events in history.
220.127.116.11. Understands and analyzes how individuals and movements have shaped Washington State or world history.
7.4.3. Understands that there are multiple perspectives and interpretations of historical events.
18.104.22.168. Analyzes multiple causal factors that shape major events in Washington State or world history.
WA.RH.6-8. Reading Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies
Craft and Structure
RH.6-8.4. Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary specific to domains related to history/social studies.
RH.6-8.5. Describe how a text presents information (e.g., sequentially, comparatively, causally).
Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity
RH.6-8.10. By the end of grade 8, read and comprehend history/social studies texts in the grades 6-8 text complexity band independently and proficiently.آغاز عملیات لایروبی و ساماندهی رودخانه کلات در خراسان رضوی
"محمد علایی" افزود: امسال بر اساس بررسیهای کارشناسی ضروری بود که مجدد برخی از قسمتهای رودخانه لایروبی، ساماندهی و دیوارکشی شود تا شاهد تخریب منازل و خطرات جانی در این شهرستان نباشیم.
وی تصریح کرد: بهمنظور عملیات تکمیلی لایروبی بستر رودخانه کلات 2.5 میلیارد ریال اعتبار پیش بینی شده که از این مبلغ 900 میلیون تومان در سال جاری تخصیص یافته است.
مدیرعامل شرکت آب منطقهای خراسان رضوی یادآور شد: بر اساس گزارش مشاوران شهرداری، معاون عمرانی شهرداری، امور آب و فرمانداری کلات تعداد پنج منطقه حساس این شهرستان شناسایی و در این راستا تمهیدات لازم و ضروری اتخاذ شد.
وی با اشاره به طبیعت منحصر بهفرد منطقه کلات گفت: جذب سرمایه گذار برای ایجاد اشتغال جوانان منطقه و توسعه اقتصاد آن باید با تهیه مدل مالی با بررسی تمامی جوانب انجام گیرد که اولویت واگذاری برای سرمایهگذاری در سدهای منطقه با مردم شهرستان کلات خواهد بود.
مدیرعامل شرکت آب منطقهای خراسان رضوی افزود: 11 سد در سطح استان از طریق فراخوان عمومی جهت جذب سرمایهگذار در برنامه واگذاری قرار دارد که پس از طی تشریفات قانونی سدها جهت بحثهای گردشگری، تفریحی، ماهیگیری، قایق سواری، ساخت مجموعه اقامتی و رفاهی واگذار خواهد شد.
علایی اظهار امیدواری کرد با رونق اقتصادی در بخش آب شاهد راهاندازی بازار آب در سطح استان به عنوان اولین شرکت در سطح کشور باشیم که خود بهرهبرداران بتوانند آب مازاد از نیاز خود در پروانه بهرهبرداری را در یک فضای عادلانه مبادله کنند.Nel luglio del 2023, GlobeCore ha lanciato con successo l’unità di degassificazione CMM-6/7 presso Siemens Energy B.V. nei Paesi Bassi. Questo progetto è stato realizzato con la partecipazione di Wolfgang Seifert, rappresentante di GlobeCore in Germania.
L’unità CMM-6/7 fornisce un’efficiente lavorazione dell’olio con un range di prestazione fino a 6 m³/ora per le modalità di degassificazione, asciugatura e filtrazione, e fino a 7 m³/ora per le modalità di riscaldamento e filtrazione. L’attrezzatura è progettata per riscaldare, pompare e trattare l’olio utilizzato in apparecchiature elettriche, inclusi trasformatori e interruttori ad alta tensione. Il processo completo di trattamento dell’olio comporta la rimozione efficiente di particelle solide, gas e acqua.
Inoltre, il CMM-6/7 rimuove efficacemente aria e gas dai serbatoi dei trasformatori, specialmente durante la loro manutenzione o assistenza. L’unità si adatta facilmente alla modalità operativa selezionata, garantendo un’efficienza ottimale in un’ampia gamma di applicazioni.Zika infections in Puerto Rico appear to be increasing rapidly, top U.S. health officials said on Friday, June 17, raising concerns for dozens if not hundreds of cases of microcephaly.
Puerto Rican health officials on Friday reported that 1,726 people in the U.S. commonwealth have been infected with Zika, including a total of 191 pregnant women. That is up from a total of 1,501 total infections and 182 infections in pregnant women for the previous week.
The numbers reflect the total number of confirmed Zika cases since the start of the outbreak late last year, a number that reflects largely symptomatic cases of Zika.
In new data released by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on Friday, health officials have also seen a sharp rise in the frequency in which Zika is detected in blood donations.
The numbers are based on the use of a test from Swiss drugmaker Roche Holding AG in use since April 3 to screen blood donations for Zika.
“This is a test that measures actual Zika virus in the blood. It’s highly sensitive and highly specific,” CDC Director Dr. Thomas Frieden told reporters in a conference call on Friday.
As of April 3, 68 out of 12,777 blood donations have tested positive for Zika, and the proportion of positive tests “has steadily increased,” Dr. Frieden said.
Testing in the most recent week ended June 11 showed 1.1 percent of donated blood was infected with Zika, the highest proportion seen yet in Puerto Rico, Dr. Frieden said.
Although the blood donor population is not representative of the general population, Dr. Frieden said the increasing prevalence of Zika in blood donations likely reflects increases in the population at large.
The Zika virus only remains present in the blood for about
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che nel contesto del tempo era un vero pavé nello stagno, da un punto di vista alla moda, sanitario e economico.
Tuttavia, la signora Touraine ha deciso diversamente e aveva chiesto il divieto del suo marketing anche prima della sua esposizione.
Infine, i due boss di Kanavap furono convocati nel 2017 prima della corte correttiva di Marsiglia.
Caso numero 2:
Xavier Petitbagnard, gestisce il negozio "Weed Paradise" a Montbard (Côte-d'or), un negozio specializzato nella vendita di prodotti di cannabidiol (CBD), un componente di canapa attivo.
Nel contesto dei procedimenti legali, tutti i suoi prodotti sono stati analizzati dai Gendarmerie come molti altri negozi in tutto il francese. A settembre 2019, il suo negozio è stato cercato e sigillato dal Gendarmerie, con decisione del procuratore della Repubblica di Digione, Éric MathAis.
Caso numero 3:
Su Digione, Ludovic Morel gestisce "la Pot Company", un negozio specializzato nella vendita di prodotti dalla canapa arricchita al CBD, cannabidiolo. Il suo negozio è stato oggetto di diverse ricerche.
II ° °) CBD VS THC:
Nel Il suo giudizio, il CGEU invoca "la libera circolazione dei beni" nell'UE che "si oppone alle normative nazionali" come quella della Francia ", poiché il CBD in questione [...] non può essere considerato"sorprendentePer adattarsi al campo della salute pubblica. Tuttavia, la Corte osserva che "secondo lo stato attuale della conoscenza scientifica, che è necessario tenere in considerazione, a differenza del tetraidrocannabinolo (THC) Un altro cannabinoide della canapa, il CBD in questione non ha un effetto psicotropico o un effetto dannoso sulla salute umana. " Tuttavia, la Corte ritiene che "il giudice nazionale debba valutare i dati scientifici disponibili per garantire che il rischio effettivo sostenuto per la salute pubblica non sembra essere basato su considerazioni puramente ipotetiche. "." Il divieto di commercializzazione del CBD può essere adottato solo se questo rischio sembra essere sufficientemente stabilito. ", Dice di nuovo il cjeu.
III °) Il verdetto
La giustizia europea autorizza la commercializzazione del CBD
"Uno Stato membro non può proibire la commercializzazione del cannabidiool legalmente prodotto in un altro Stato membro", scrive https://caria.europa.eu/jcms/upload/docs/application/pdf/2020-201 / CP200141en.pdf..
Questa posizione del CJUE su Cannabidiol dovrebbe servire come base giuridica in Francia. Ma sul suo marketing, la giustizia francese rimane silenziosa.
La Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea (CGE) dichiara ufficialmente illegale il divieto della commercializzazione dei prodotti di cannabidiol (CBD) in Francia. Una decisione importante nella misura in cui per 6 anni le informazioni legislative sono rimaste sfocate. Un'apertura alla legalizzazione del CBD in Francia sarebbe possibile?
Un residpole della politica repressiva francese sulla cannabis?
Promemoria semplice:
THC è la molecola psicoattiva della cannabis responsabile della dipendenza come segue con gli effetti eufornanti che produce, a differenza dei CBD con le sue proprietà rilassanti e terapeutiche. Il CJEU ha affermato che questo divieto "può essere adottato solo se questo rischio appare come sufficientemente stabilito. "
Buone notizie per i commercianti di CBD e principalmente quelli ancora in prova.
La Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea ha reso il suo divieto in Francia illegale. Il Forum europeo ritiene che la molecola non abbia effetto psicotropico, nessun effetto dannoso sulla salute umana.
In breve, nel modo di una birra non alcolica che può essere considerata come una soda, il CBD senza THC superiore allo 0,2% è ora giudicato come un prodotto non sorprendente da un punto di vista giuridico. Questa cannabis legale è ora classificata come "erba aromatica non destinata al consumo immediato"
IV °) Cosa sono diventati commercianti?
Oggi, ciascuno dei commercianti nominati in questo articolo ha avuto successo e può quindi commercializzare nuovamente i loro prodotti. Un viaggio dal combattente che è durato 4 anni per alcune persone, e per una buona ragione, la sfocatura legislativa attorno al soggetto e i confronti tra le leggi francese ed europee.
Testimonianza delle vittime e degli avvocati:
"Finora, non abbiamo avuto il diritto di estrarre la canapa e una sfocatura regolamentare regnata. Lì, l'Europa ha chiarito la regola. "
"Questa decisione è uno schiaffo per la Francia. Ci è stato detto per due anni che la legislazione dovrebbe essere applicata restrittivamente. Centinaia di negozi sono stati chiusi, dozzine di giovani imprenditori imprigionati. Siamo trasferiti perché oggi, la Corte di giustizia dell'Unione europea conferma la nostra lettura della legge "
Becher Saket, vicepresidente di L630, l'organizzazione di avvocati e avvocati che hanno accompagnato molti negozi CBD.
"Concretamente, questa sentenza ha un'opinione favorevole per tutti i prodotti scelti, vale a dire che convalida la presenza di THC al tasso dello 0,2% e l'estrazione del CBD dell'intera pianta"
“Questo verdetto è un passo importante per garantire la sicurezza dei consumatori basati su CBD "芭比娃娃：永远的公主梦
对小朋友来说，每年最开心的日子莫过于六一儿童节，因为能够收到新玩具。娃娃几乎是每个女孩都喜欢的玩具，尤其是芭比娃娃。“1959年最新玩具芭比娃娃，外形娇好，流行少女模样，售价3美金。”这是1959 年3月9日，美国芭比娃娃上市的广告词。正是这样一个身高28厘米，有着成人体态的时尚玩偶，自问世以来，在大半个世纪里成为玩具世界的常青树，而同时又引来争议不断。
从古到今，不知出现过多少玩具娃娃，而在上世纪50年代末，一个名叫“芭比”的玩偶在全美玩具市场横空出世，而后又像风一样迅速风靡全球，至今火爆了半个多世纪。
世界上很少有哪个品牌像芭比娃娃那样，成为时装、文化和灵感的折射。“芭比”已远远超越了作为一个玩偶的实际意义，她不仅是“地道美国”的一个文化符号，而且在全世界150个国家的玩具市场占据一席之地。
芭比娃娃是美女塑料质娃娃，由美国美泰公司露丝汉德勒发明。“早期的娃娃大部分都是用布或纸做成，而芭比娃娃则是较早以塑料制做的。”南开大学历史学院副教授敖堃在向《中国科学报》记者介绍芭比娃娃的诞生过程时说，那时，露丝看到自己的女儿喜欢玩当时流行的纸娃娃，兴致盎然地给她们换衣服、换皮包，于是她就想到给孩子们设计一款立体的塑料娃娃。
上世纪50年代，露丝在一次赴欧洲考察时，无意间发现了产自德国身高11.5英寸（29.21厘米），三围391833的娃娃“莉莉”。“长长的头发扎成马尾拖至脑后，身穿华丽的衣裙。身材无可挑剔，女性的各种体征应有尽有，而且穿着非常暴露。正是这个娃娃激发了灵感，露丝于是买下了三个莉莉带回美国。”
露丝对莉莉的形象加以改造，让她成为一个“长大了的”但却“不暴露”的玩偶，并赋予了她玛丽莲梦露一般性感迷人的气质，同时用露丝最爱的小女儿芭芭拉（Barbara Millicent Roberts）的昵称“芭比”（Barbie）给这只娃娃命名。1959年3月9日，专门为女孩子设计的身高28厘米、三围38厘米28厘米34厘米的金发美女玩偶诞生了。
迄今为止，芭比足迹遍布全球150个国家，已有10亿多个娃娃被售出，也曾创下每秒钟售出3个的纪录。进入21世纪，虽然也有资料显示玩芭比的儿童正“童年缩短”，但无论怎样，“小女孩喜欢过家家是她们的天性，而芭比娃娃是过家家的最好道具”，敖堃说。
值得一提的是，今年是“芭比妈妈”露丝诞辰一百周年，这位1916年出于美国科罗拉多州首府丹佛市的女性以自己独特的创造力在玩具的历史上增添了一笔亮色，像魔术一般赋予芭比以生命，成为女孩们永恒的梦想。
芭比娃娃生于二战后的美国，甫一出生，就给人以深刻的印象：大大的眼睛，甜美的脸庞，光彩的倩影以及曼妙的身材。
从她“首秀”时“身着黑白条纹泳装，戴着太阳镜、脚踩高跟鞋”开始到现在，半个多世纪来，美泰公司对保持、改进和创新芭比形象的脚步从未停歇，他们平均每年推出90组系列娃娃，为使她更加人性化，美泰专门为她设计了朋友、家人，甚至还有一个名叫肯的男友。
在芭比众多的同伴中，最被熟知的就是她的男友肯以及他们之间分分合合的故事。肯出生于1961年，小芭比两岁。同芭比一样，肯也是使用了露丝的儿子的名字。
在芭比的社交圈中，与她往来的其他不同种族的朋友还有泰瑞莎、非裔美籍人克里斯蒂以及克里斯蒂的男友史蒂芬
芭比从事的职业各种各样，她当过摇滚歌星、运动员、大学生、教师、工程师、兽医，甚至总统候选人。50多年来，芭比被设计过500多次，拥有将近50个国籍，同时，“丰富的工作经历”给了她身穿不同国籍、不同款式时尚服装的机会。
“每个女孩都怀有盼望长大的青春梦，身穿不同职业装的芭比正是女孩渴望长大的心理折射，所以女孩子喜欢芭比，芭比也给了她们未来之梦。”敖堃告诉记者，自问世以来，芭比和她的伙伴们一共穿过近10亿件衣服，这些迷人的形象征服了全世界的女孩子。
上世纪60年代，“上班女郎”芭比身穿红色商务套装，手拿公文包，干练洒脱；而70年代的芭比，穿上了“最畅销套装”，并和肯首次度假旅行，这时芭比的肤色被“晒”出了健康的小麦色；进入21世纪，收藏芭比的热潮达到空前高涨，最酷的收藏版当属哈雷摩托系列，这时的芭比和肯都穿起哈雷摩托服，成为摩托车上的摇滚少年。
“一路走来，芭比并不寂寞，陪伴她的还有鹦鹉、熊猫、小狗、狮子等43个宠物，在她周围形成了一个玫瑰色的梦想国，袖珍而庞大。”敖堃说。
不过，芭比的流行过程也一直伴随着争议，正如美国文化评论家M.G.罗德在《永远的芭比》一书中所说：“有一个热情向女儿推荐芭比的母亲，就有一个试图禁止芭比进门的母亲。”这一切正缘于从来没有一个玩具娃娃拥有芭比这样的大胸脯、姣好的容貌和傲人的身材，也从没有一个玩具娃娃能表达出女性内心对成长的渴望与恐惧，“这折射出女儿与母亲、男人与女人的关系。这些是她风行世界五十多年的原因，也是广受争议的焦点。换句话说，芭比自诞生之日起，就集宠爱、嫉妒、鄙夷和仇视于一身，饱受争议。”敖堃指出。
有人说，芭比娃娃是现代的蒙娜丽莎。其实，她的神秘并不仅仅在于她天使般的微笑，还在于她诞生半个多世纪以来历久而弥新的魔力。
在现实中，一些女孩子因对芭比的爱而痴迷于童话世界无法自拔，自认为是真人版的芭比娃娃；还有一些女孩子经过多次整容手术，把自己“做”成皮肤白、好身材、高颜值的芭比美女，从而迷失了自己。
今年26岁的乌克兰模特瓦莱里娅露可安诺娃有“线年，她因借助整容变成“真人版芭比娃娃”而被热议。据亲历者的描述，这位 “真人芭比”拥有纤细的腰围、骨感的手臂、迷茫的神情，堪称“能呼吸的芭比娃娃”。
无独有偶，26岁的俄罗斯模特安瑟莉卡肯诺娃，因长相、身形和妆容都与芭比娃娃非常相似，也被称为真人版芭比。虽然长相美得惊为天人，但是她本人却否认整过容。
既然有真人版的“芭比”，那么就会有真人版的“芭比男友”。据媒体报道，在去年，时年20岁的巴西圣保罗市小伙塞尔索也是“肯娃娃”的疯狂粉丝，为了能让自己和心目中的偶像更像，他在过去4年中狂砸3万英镑接受多次整形手术，将自己整成了一个真人版的“芭比男友”。但就在他终于实现梦想之际，塞尔索却因患上了白血病于去年6月不幸离世。
不论你是讨厌还是喜欢，芭比都作为美国的文化象征，在历史上占据一席之地芭比娃娃连同她的魔力已被收入“时间胶囊”中，与其他标志着20世纪对美国具有重要影响力的物品一并保存至未来。Drawing on Kenaf
Young scholars explore kenaf, a tree-free paper. In this environmental issues instructional activity, students draw pictures following a presentation about the origin and "eco-friendly" nature of kenaf.
1st - 5th Visual & Performing Arts 3 Views 1 Download
Conserving Natural Resources
Trying to plan an engaging elementary science unit on natural resources? Conserve your energy! This five-part series of lessons and hands-on activities has exactly what you need to teach young scholars about the importance of conservation.
K - 3rd Science CCSS: Adaptable
Have your physical scientists try some engineering origami by examining how the folding of materials can have practical and beneficial applications. Teams use their convoluted cortexes to collaborate on constructing a solar panel that is...
3rd - 12th Technology & Engineering CCSS: Adaptable
Nature Journaling: Experience the Outdoors Through Writing and Drawing
Step into the great outdoors and develop young scientists' skills of observation with a nature journaling lesson. Given a specific focus or goal, children practice making and recording observations of nature through written descriptions...
2nd - 5th Science CCSS: Adaptable
Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle: Sorting Through Personal Choices
Raise children's awareness about the importance of conservation with this hands-on science lesson. Start by breaking the class into groups and having them collect trash from around the school or local park. Students then use the provided...
2nd - 6th Science CCSS: Adaptable
New Review Knowing the Essential Elements of a Habitat
To gain insight into the many different types of habitats, individuals must first get to know their own. Here, scholars explore their school environment, draw a map, compare and contrast their surroundings to larger ones. They then write...
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Discovering Plants and Animals
Exploring the backyard, the school yard, the gardens, and the Internet, small children discover the world around them. The bugs, animals, and plants are alive, but is the lawn mower? An engaging activity that will help them understand...
Pre-K - 1st Science CCSS: Adaptable随着乐视债务危机的持续爆发，乐视19.3亿元(人民币，下同)的私人债务将到期。Letv.com新任董事长孙宏斌表示，他将全额支付。
视点房地产(Views Real Estate)8月2日援引香港媒体的话说，乐视的两份总额为19.3亿元的私募债券将于8月3日和9月23日回购。相关消息人士表示，由于参与了公开市场债券市场，交易所即将回购的这部分私募债券需要按时支付，乐视新控制人孙宏斌表示将按时支付。
据悉，上述私人债务为2015年8月发行的总额为10亿元、利率为8.5%的15台乐视01，以及2015年9月发行的总额为9.3亿元、利率为7.5%的15台乐视02。
由于这两项都是私人债务，具体投资者尚未公布，但第二轮私人债务公告的结果披露，共有4名认购者，包括证券公司和商业银行。
据新快报8月3日报道，关于乐视两笔私募债券的还款，乐视内部人士2日下午表示，用于回购“15乐视01”私募债券的资金已经筹集，并已转入“中亚丁”专用账户，将于8月3日支付给选择按期回购的投资者。
此外，公司通常还会推动与公司债券第二阶段相关的工作，这些工作将由公司自己的资金解决。
报告显示，乐视2017年第一季度报告显示，该公司短期借款21.78亿元，一年内到期的非流动负债为19.8亿元。
由此可见，乐视一年内的国内偿债需求至少为41.58亿元。
截至2017年第一季度末，乐视账户中有36.58亿元人民币。乐视自己的资金不足以支付当前的欠款。
此外，乐视集团欠在吉林省大安市中奖的银行、供应商和海外投资者100多亿元。
从7月3日开始，乐视债务危机持续爆发。从7月3日起，乐视的债务危机继续爆发。
前董事长贾月婷通过乐视集团直接持有的乐视股份99.06%被冻结，其妻子和乐视三家公司的资产被冻结在12.37亿元。
7月6日，贾月
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farmland and into their drinking water supplies.
Both on the saris themselves and in separate journals, the women told stories in Bengali of how it’s becoming harder to grow their crops, like rice, lentils, and sweet potatoes, and of their struggle to fish due to the warmer, rougher waters. A study published in June predicts that for every 1 degree Celsius that the oceans warm, we’ll see a 5 percent loss in marine biodiversity. This is a crisis that will hit tropical countries like Bangladesh the hardest. Already, as fishermen bring in smaller and smaller catches, their wives must supplement the family’s income. For instance Salma, one of the dozen participants in Bose’s project, grows vegetables and raises fish on a local community farm.
On the saris, you can also find the names of local rivers, like the Darchira, which frequently floods after cyclones slam the coast. Hasina, a project participant who moved to Katakhali from a neighboring village, lost her home from the particularly catastrophic Cyclone Sidr in 2007. That was the same year she lost her baby during childbirth, due in part to inadequate local health care.
“I fear the storms,” one woman wrote on her sari. But where there is sorrow and anxiety, there is strength, too. Another sari reads: “Women’s solidarity.”
“I really got to know them personally,” Bose says. “Because my grandmother, mother, and aunts grew up in that village and everyone knows them, they took me in as family. I didn’t expect that.” Bose’s grandmother Johora Begum, died in 1993, but her home continues to be used by the Katakhali Project, a local cooperative that provides services like free healthcare and literacy classes for residents.
Bose has featured the saris in art exhibitions, such as the public installation “Bus Stop Bangladesh” in which the 18-foot-long saris hung on the exterior of Mt. Rainier City Hall in Maryland, just outside Washington, D.C. She’s also taken these saris around the world—to those living in countries contributing more than their share of greenhouse gases.
At community gatherings that Bose calls “climate art actions” in cities like Paris, Miami, Athens, and New York, she has inspired hundreds of people to make climate commitments and express them on saris—commitments like riding a bike to work, taking shorter showers, and eating less meat. Bose then brings the garments to Bangladesh for the Katakhali women to wear.
“They love to read the stories,” says Bose, who helps translate the writing and explains what it means to “take the Metro instead of driving” or to use less hot water. “Some of them have never even been to the capital city,” she says, and so aren’t very familiar with cars, or even showers.
The cultural exchange acts as a poignant bridge—between those who’ve helped cause the climate crisis and those who are starting to suffer from its effects first. That link, Bose hopes, will engender more empathy and action from those in countries with outsize carbon emissions.
The artist has begun working with the Indian-American filmmaker Leena Jayaswal on a documentary on the women, their saris, and climate change to help bring attention to the plight of communities like Katahkali.
Because when the storms come, and the waters rise, and the crops die, and the fish are nowhere to be found, not everyone can just pick up and leave. “These are people who have had generations on that island,” says Bose. “They’re connected. They were born there. Their ancestors are buried there. The land is part of their heritage, and we need to help protect it.”
onEarth provides reporting and analysis about environmental science, policy, and culture. All opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the policies or positions of NRDC. Learn more or follow us on Facebook and Twitter.
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Familiare puede actuar como un sustantivo y un adjetivo.
El nombre o sustantivo es aquel tipo de palabras cuyo significado determina la realidad. Los sustantivos nombran todas las cosas: personas, objetos, sensaciones, sentimientos, etc.
El adjetivo es la palabra que acompaña al nombre para determinarlo o calificarlo.
QUÉ SIGNIFICA FAMILIARE EN ITALIANO
Pulsa para ver la definición original de «familiare» en el diccionario italiano.
Pulsa para ver la traducción automática de la definición en español.
familia
Familiare
La familia, también llamada giardinetta, es un tipo de carrocería de automóvil, normalmente derivada de un modelo de sedán correspondiente, del que se reanuda el frente y el centro de la carrocería, mientras que la espalda es más larga y aumentada en volumen, combinando la maletero con el habitáculo, con el fin de crear más espacio para el equipaje, mercancías, o más. La familiare, anche chiamata giardinetta, è un tipo di carrozzeria d'autovettura, generalmente derivata da un corrispondente modello berlina, da cui riprende la parte anteriore e centrale del corpo vettura, mentre la parte posteriore è più lunga e aumentata in volume, unendo il baule con l'abitacolo, in modo da creare maggior spazio a disposizione per caricare bagagli, merci o altro.
definición de familiare en el diccionario italiano
La primera definición de familia en el diccionario es de la familia: eventos familiares; vida f. asignaciones familiares. Se conoce otra definición de familia, íntima, habitual, habitual: un lugar f. una cara f., una expresión f. Familiar también es simple, franco, confidencial: conversación f. un tono, una actitud f.
La prima definizione di familiare nel dizionario è della famiglia: vicende familiari; la vita f.; assegni familiari. Altra definizione di familiare è noto, intimo, consueto, abituale: un luogo f.; un viso f., un'espressione f.Familiare è anche semplice, schietto, confidenziale: conversazione f.; un tono, un atteggiamento f.
Pulsa para ver la definición original de «familiare» en el diccionario italiano.
Pulsa para ver la traducción automática de la definición en español.
Listado de las príncipales búsquedas realizadas por los usuarios para acceder a nuestro diccionario de italiano en línea y expresiones más usadas con la palabra «familiare».
FRECUENCIA DE USO DEL TÉRMINO «FAMILIARE» A LO LARGO DEL TIEMPO
El gráfico expresa la evolución anual de la frecuencia de uso de la palabra «familiare» en los últimos 500 años. Su implementación se basa en el análisis de la frecuencia de aparición del término «familiare» en las fuentes impresas digitalizadas del italiano publicadas desde el año 1500 hasta la actualidad.
Citas, bibliografía en italiano y actualidad sobre familiare
EJEMPLOS DE USO
10 CITAS EN ITALIANO CON «FAMILIARE»
Citas y frases célebres con la palabra familiare.
1
Marcel Aymé
L'ingiustizia sociale è una questione così familiare, ed è d'una costituzione così robusta, che sembra facilmente naturale a quelle stesse persone che ne sono vittima.
2
Kate Chopin
Si sentì come una creatura appena nata che apriva gli occhi in un mondo che le era familiare e che non aveva mai visto.
3
Michael Douglas
Niente spinge una persona a rivalutare la sua vita come una crisi familiare, specialmente un divorzio.
4
Cornelia Caroline Funke
Non è strano come un libro diventi più spesso se viene letto e riletto di continuo? Come se, ogni volta, fra le pagine rimanesse attaccato qualcosa: sensazioni, pensieri, rumori, odori. E quando a distanza di anni lo riapri, ritrovi te stesso, un po’ più giovane, un po’ diverso, quasi il libro ti avesse conservato come un fiore, fatto seccare fra le pagine, un po’ estraneo e un po’ familiare.
5
Edward Gibbon
Così familiare, come se fosse così naturale per l'uomo, è la pratica della violenza, che la nostra tendenza a indulgere considera la più lieve provocazione, il diritto più discutibile, come ragione sufficiente per la nostra ostilità nazionale.
6
Vivian Gornick
Essere una casalinga è una professione illegittima. La scelta di servire ed essere protetta, e di pianificare una vita familiare è una scelta che non dovrebbe esistere. Il cuore del femminismo radicale è di cambiare tutto ciò.
7
Alice Christiana Meynell
Se c'è uno sguardo negli occhi umani che racconta della solitudine eterna, allora ci sarà anche uno sguardo familiare che è il segno della moltitudine eterna.
8
Antonio Mingote
La televisione ha terminato col cinema, il teatro, gli incontri e la lettura. Molti canali ora terminano con il nucleo familiare.
9
Reinhold Niebuhr
La vita familiare è troppo intima per essere salvaguardata dallo spirito della giustizia. Può essere sostenuta dallo spirito dell’amore che va oltre la giustizia.
10
Willy Pasini
Un buon litigio, sia in ambito professionale che familiare, spesso significa evitare l’insabbiamento delle emozioni e l’insabbiarsi del rapporto.
10 LIBROS DEL ITALIANO RELACIONADOS CON «FAMILIARE»
Descubre el uso de familiare en la siguiente selección bibliográfica. Libros relacionados con familiare y pequeños extractos de los mismos para contextualizar su uso en la literatura.
1
La felicità familiare
È difficile dire se quella narrata da Tolstoj in questo romanzo sia l’evoluzione fisiologica di ogni amore coniugale; di certo il sentimento forte che lega Masa, la giovane protagonista, all’adorato Sergej si trasforma, attraverso il ...
Lev Nikolaevic Tolstoj, 2011
2
Intorno all'abuso. Il maltrattamento familiare tra terapia e ...
Il maltrattamento familiare costituisce una tematica di dolorosa attualità.
Dopo aver esaminato la disciplina giuridica dell'impresa familiare, vogliamo in
questa sede analizzare i principali istituti della gestione economica di tale
particolare azienda. A tale proposito, è bene precisare sin dall'inizio che siamo in
ogni ...
Domenico Lamanna Di Salvo, 2005
4
La metafora nella comunicazione familiare e gruppale
Alberto Zatti. Capitolo secondo METAFORA E COMUNICAZIONE La matrice
dialogica della comunicazione L'analisi che si sta preparando non sarà eseguita
su delle metafore prese di per sé, decontestualizzate dal resto del discorso e dal
...
Alberto Zatti, 1993
5
Impresa familiare
Sottolineare che, dal punto di vista sistematico, l'impresa familiare va considerata
un istituto striato sensu di diritto di famiglia non è, ovviamente, privo di riflessi
pratici, derivandone che l'attività di lavoro da esso regolato deve essere ...
Francesco Prosperi, 2006
6
Il diritto degli stranieri alla unità familiare
Capitolo I GENESI, NATURA E COMUNITARIZZAZIONE DEL DIRITTO AL
RICONGIUNGIMENTO FAMILIARE l. La genesi del diritto al ricongiungimento
familiare nell'ambito del diritto inter.W~N .°°>'.°' 'r"PE"NÌ“ a s=««> nazionale e ...
Guido Sirianni, 2006
7
Attività d'impresa e rapporti familiari
Infine, sulla scorta delle considerazioni svolte in merito all'essenza del rapporto
di impresa familiare, deve senz'altro escludersi che i familiari possano escludere
il titolare (35). A differenza di quanto accade nelle società, ove l'esclusione può ...
Luigi Balestra, 2009
8
La valutazione in terapia familiare. Rassegna degli studi e ...
Abbiamo già avuto modo di sottolineare come i presupposti teorici dei terapeuti e
dei ricercatori concorrano in modo significativo alla determinazione dell'oggetto
da indagare, cioè alla definizione della terapia familiare. È opportuno, a questo ...
Giancarlo Tamanza, 1991
9
Il diritto al ricongiungimento familiare e la sua tutela ...
An important part of this work is dedicated to the right of family reunification in the national law, namely to protect the family unit in Italy in accordance with the Consolidated immigration no. 296/98.
Erjona Canaj, Sokol Bana, 2014
10
Dove va l'accoglienza dei minori? Limiti e prospettive ...
Hanno collaborato alla realizzazione del presente testo: Elena Carotenuto,
sociologa, esperta in affidamento familiare. Dal 2000 collabora con l'
Associazione Progetto Famiglia svolgendo funzioni di coordinamento e
segreteria della rete delle ...
Associazione Progetto Famiglia, Fondazione Affido Onlus, Marco Giordano, 2009
10 NOTICIAS EN LAS QUE SE INCLUYE EL TÉRMINO «FAMILIARE»
Conoce de qué se habla en los medios de comunicación nacionales e internacionales y cómo se emplea el término familiare en el contexto de las siguientes noticias.
1
Cassazione, no alla terapia familiare | Italy Journal
Cassazione, no alla terapia familiare. — 20 luglio 2015. Quando la coppia scoppia in modo burrascoso a farne le spese sono i figli. Difenderli sembra quasi ... «http://www.italyjournal.it/, Jul 15»
2
Lutto familiare per Grava, il cordoglio del Napoli | SpazioNapoli
Con una nota apparsa sul proprio sito, il Napoli manifesta il suo cordoglio per Gianluca Grava, colpito da un lutto familiare: “Il Presidente ... «SpazioNapoli, Jul 15»
3
Ostia, chiama il 113 per una lite familiare e viene arrestata perché …
Gli Agenti della Polizia di Stato sono intervenuti ieri pomeriggio nella zona di Acilia nell'abitazione di G.A.G, 30enne di nazionalità rumena, ... «Il Corriere della Città, Jul 15»
4
Sardegna, Sindacopoli continua. Un Paese a gestione familiare
Ci risiamo. Continua in Sardegna lo scandalo Sindacopoli. Una nuova indagine portata avanti dalla Procura della Repubblica di Oristano, ... «Il Fatto Quotidiano, Jul 15»
5
Basilea, Kuzmanovic: "Qui c'è un ambiente familiare, non come all …
... di quanto abbia fatto in due anni e mezzo coi tecnici dell'Inter. L'ambiente nel club meneghino non era così familiare", riporta Fcinternews.it. «TUTTO mercato WEB, Jul 15»
6
Rissa in famiglia, rumeno si ubriaca e manda familiare in ospedale
Aversa – Si ubriaca, scatena una rissa in famiglia e manda un familiare in ospedale. I carabinieri di Aversa sono intervenuti in via Tiziano, nella ... «PUPIA, Jul 15»
7
Dramma familiare a Napoli, uccide moglie e figlio poi si toglie la vita
Una notizia che ha lasciato tutti senza parole quella arrivata ieri in tarda serata da Napoli e che questa mattina si arricchisce di dettagli ... «Ultime Notizie Flash, Jul 15»
8
Chiedono 4mila euro per scarcerare un familiare, tentata truffa ai …
Iniziavano tutte così le telefonate, annunciando che un familiare aveva avuto un incidente stradale e aveva bisogno di soldi liquidi, perché ... «AnconaToday, Jul 15»
9
Violava gli obblighi di assistenza familiare:rintracciato dalla Polizia …
L'uomo dovrà espiare una pena di 11 mesi di reclusione per il reato di "violazione degli obblighi di assistenza familiare" risalente al maggio ... «Radiogold, Jul 15»
10
Come inserire la fede nel lavoro e nella vita familiare
Come integriamo la nostra fede nel nostro lavoro? Se ci pensate, molti di noi trascorrono la maggior parte della propria vita adulta (da svegli) ... «Aleteia IT, Jul 15»Kalıp Yargıların Başlıca Özellikleri Nelerdir?
- Bir kültürün tüm mensupları tarafından paylaşıldığı varsayılan özellikleri içine alır.
- Bu özellikler sayesinde insanlar belirli kategorilere konulur.
- Bu kategorilere dâhil edilen insanların yeteneklerine, kişilik özelliklerine, niteliklerine ve davranışlarına ilişkin beklentiler içerir.
- İlk kez karşılaşılan ve tam olarak bilinmeyen durumlarda hızlı ve basit bir bilgilendirme yapar.
- Gerçeği tam olarak yansıtma peşinde olmadan başka insanlar hakkında olumlu veya olumsuz bir nitelemede bulunur.
- Genelleştirme veya özelleştirme yoluyla oluşur.Rockland Lake and the Hudson Valley Ice Industry
Before refrigerators and freezers, the Hudson Valley, particularly Rockland Lake, supported a thriving ice industry
(page 2 of 2)
Filling the Ice House, painted in 1934 by artist Harry Gottlieb, depicts an icehouse near the artist’s Woodstock home
Painting courtesy of Smithsonian American Art Museum
Rockland Lake was the biggest — but by no means the only — ice company in the Valley. The area around Castleton and Schodack, in Rensselaer County, was another
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likely they all perished while on that unfortunate and luckless expedition.
For more than a hundred years the Catholic church made no effort to reach this territory again and preach the Gospel to the Indians. In 1673 the Catholic priest again is seen in Mississippi; the famous Father Marquette came down from the Great Lakes and explored the Mississippi river as far down as the Arkansas river. But his voyage was more a trip of discovery and preparation; it is not likely that he made any serious effort to communicate with the Indian tribes of this State.
After the return of Father Marquette to Canada the Bishop of Quebec and many zealous priests were certainly anxious to reach the newly discovered regions and preach Christianity to those pagan nations. But the diocese of Quebec extended from Canada way down to the mouth of the Mississippi. Millions of pagans inhabited that territory. In Canada the missionaries were at work already; also in the territory north of the Ohio river. It is no wonder that after only twenty-five years, in 1698, the Bishop succeeded in making arrangements to evangelize the southern part of the Mississippi valley.
At that time the seminary of foreign missions at Paris in France had established a branch in Quebec, in order to train missionaries for the New World.
By letters of July 14, 1698, Bishop Saint Vallier entrusted the new southern missions to the priests of this seminary. Father Francis Jolliet de Montigny was appointed superior. Revs. Anthony Davion and Francis Buisson de Saint Cosme were his companions.
Father Montigny settled among the Taensas, a tribe allied to the Natchez. During the first year he baptized 85 children. Later he resided among the Natchez Indians, but attended still to the Taensas.
Father Davion built his chapel in the extreme southern part of our State, in what is now known as Wilkinson county. The spot where he settled now bears the name of Fort Adams. On a high rock he planted a cross; this rock was later called Loftus’ Height, but went for a long time by the name of Davion’s Rock. This father visited also the Yazoo Indians.
Father Saint Cosme began a mission at Tamarois. Later he took Father Montigny’s place among the Natchez.
As was to be expected, those priests suffered at first terribly with fever; but they did not abandon their charges. The following year their number was increased by the arrival of Revs. Berzier Bouteville and Saint Cosme, a younger brother of the Father Saint Cosme mentioned above.
In 1699 the French took possession of another point of Mississippi. On the shore of Biloxi Bay, near to where Ocean Springs is situated, a fort was built by them. Rev. Father Bordenave was the chaplain of the garrison; according to the testimony of the military commander his life was exemplary; every day he said mass for the French settlers and was untiring in his zeal for the salvation of their souls. But we do not read that he attempted the conversion of the Indians.
The year 1702 witnessed the first massacre of a Catholic priest on the soil of Mississippi. Father Nic. Foncault, of the seminary of foreign missions, had been laboring for two years among the Arkansas Indians. He set out on a trip to Mobile with his servant and two Frenchmen. But they were all murdered by their Indian guides; robbery was the incentive of the assassination. Father Davion, coming up the river, discovered their remains on the bank, and gave them Christian burial. The place of interment is not known.
Five years later the mission lost again two priests. Father Saint Cosme, the elder, who had worked so faithfully among the Natchez, was forced by sickness to go to Mobile. While sleeping one night on the banks of the river, he was foully murdered by the Sitimachas, near the present site of Donaldsonville. The very Rev. Father Berzier started about the same time for Mobile from his Tamarois mission. He reached that point safely, and brought the sad news of the death of Father Saint Cosme. He returned to his missions, but soon after that he fell sick and died on November 9, 1707.
In 1708 Father Davion was, at the instigation of the English, so harassed by hostile Indians, that he was forced to leave his mission in Mississippi. He went to Mobile.
The difficulties in the Mississippi mission were great, and the laborers few; the work of the Quebec priests had produced but little result. An effort was made to revive the missions. The seminary of foreign missions at Paris selected the Rev. Dominic Mary Varlet, a very able and energetic man, to make a visitation of all those missions. He began his visitation at Quebec, where the Bishop appointed him his vicar-general with full powers. He spent six years in the missions, and returned to France in 1717. But history does not mention the good his visitation did to the missions.
But soon a change would take place in the management of the missions. The Duke of Orleans, regent of France for King Louis XV., who was not of age yet, gave letters patent to a trading company called “The Company of the West,” of which the notorious John Law was the head, at least for a few years. In article 53 of the contract the company obligated itself “to build at its expense churches at the places where settlements were formed to maintain there the necessary number of approved ecclesiastics, in order to preach the holy Gospel there, perform divine service and administer the sacraments.” In 1722 the company took up the matter. The year before the Jesuit Father Charlevoix had traveled through the French colonies in North America (he officiated also at Natchez) and after his return in France had told of the great spiritual destitution of the colony. In consequence of his report the following measures were taken by the company: The Jesuit fathers and the priests of the seminary of foreign missions would withdraw from the southern part of the Mississippi valley and confine their labors to the territory north of the Ohio. The Bishop of Quebec would remain the Bishop of the entire French colony, but would be given a coadjutor bishop, who, as vicar-general of the diocese of Quebec, would take special care of the extreme southern missions. Rev. Louis Francis Duplessis de Mornay, a Capuchin monk, was appointed coadjutor bishop of Quebec, and he invited the Capuchin fathers of the Province of Champagne in France to take charge of the missions of Louisiana, of which Mississippi formed a part. They accepted, and some Capuchin fathers arrived in Louisiana; but their number was small, and soon they found out that they did not have a sufficient number of subjects to take proper care of the missions. The company made a new arrangement: The Capuchin fathers would take charge only of the French settlements, and Jesuit fathers from France would be entrusted with the missions among the Indians.
As far as Mississippi is concerned the following appointments were made:
The Capuchin Father Philibert was assigned to duty at Natchez.
The Jesuit fathers were sent to the Indian missions: Father Matturin le Petit to the Choctaws; Father Souel to the Yazoos; Father Bandouin to the Chickasaws. Later Father le Petit was recalled to New Orleans, and Father Baudouin took his place among the Choctaws, where he labored for 18 years, assisted for some time by Father Lefevre.
Those fathers worked very zealously in their different missions. A naval officer of this period says of them:
“I cannot help doing the justice due to the Jesuit fathers in regard to their missions. Nothing is more edifying for religion than their conduct and the unwearied zeal with which they labor for the conversion of these nations. Picture to yourself a Jesuit, four hundred leagues away in the woods, with no conveniences, no provisions, and most frequently with no resource but the liberality of people who know not God, compelled to live like them, to pass whole years without receiving any tidings, with savages who have only the countenance of human beings, among whom, instead of finding society or relief in sickness, he is only exposed to perish and be massacred. This is done daily by these Fathers in Louisiana and Canada.”
In the year 1729 a great calamity happened to the missions. The French commander at Fort Rosalie (Natchez) did not treat the Natchez Indians fairly. They became dissatisfied and angry and entered into a conspiracy with the Yazoo Indians to exterminate all the French in the country. On the 26th of November the horrible massacre of Fort Rosalie took place; all the men, soldiers and settlers, were killed, the women and children carried off in captivity. The priest Father Philibert happened to be away from home. But the Jesuit Father du Poisson was stopping at Natchez; he was on his way from his mission in Arkansas to New Orleans. On Sunday he said mass for the Natchez people and preached to them. He was prevailed on to stay a day longer, because some Catholic was in danger of dying. On Monday after mass he started out for the house of the sick person, to give him the last sacraments. On the way he was assaulted by a powerful Indian, hurled to the ground, and his head was severed from his body.
The Yazoo Indians did their part. On December 11 Father Seoul came home from some trip. The Indians ambushed themselves, and when he appeared riddled his body with bullets, killing him on the spot. The following day they surprised and massacred the garrison of the French post. Another priest, Father Doutrelou, was shot at by the Yazoos and severely wounded, but he made his escape.
This insurrection was of course followed by wars between the whites and Indians. The Natchez tribe was punished and exterminated. In 1736 an expedition against the Chickasaws was set on foot. French divisions would march from north and south and after meeting attack the Chickasaws. The arrangement miscarried. The northern division tried by itself to fight the whole force of the Chickasaws; they lost the battle and were annihilated.
Father Lenat, a Jesuit, accompanied the army as chaplain. He could have escaped, but the commander and other officers had been taken prisoners, and he would not abandon them in their last hour. He remained to give them his spiritual assistance in their agony, and he perished with them at the stake. This probably happened in what is now Lee county.
But the misfortunes of the missions were not yet at an end. In 1763 they received another terrible blow. In France itself the government was in the hands of men, Catholics in name, but Voltaireans and infidels at heart. They began to persecute the Catholic church, and as usual, the Jesuit fathers were the first victims. Their order was suppressed in 1761. Two years later the supreme council of the province of Louisiana thought they had to follow the example given in France: All the Jesuit missionaries were hunted down, carried to New Orleans as criminals and shipped to France. All their churches and chapels were leveled to the ground, and of course all that was valuable in church or house was confiscated. And the missions were left bereft of their zealous shepherds.
In the meantime war had been going on between England and France. France lost all her colonies in North America, New Orleans and surrounding territory excepted. Mississippi was now a part of the English province of West Florida, and the missions, tried already so sorely, had no chance of being revived under the rule of that nation, who still enforced the penal laws against Catholics in the old country. By special treaty France ceded New Orleans to Spain.
During the glorious war of the thirteen American colonies against England, France materially assisted the Americans in their struggle for liberty. For this reason England declared war against France; and Spain, wanting to assist France, declared war against England. At that time Bernardo de Galvez was Governor of New Orleans, and began to fight England in the West Florida province. His success was complete; in 1781 the English commander surrendered the whole province to Spain. After peace was concluded though, the United States claimed the province as territory ceded by England to them. In 1795, October 27, by treaty between the United States and Spain, the province of West Florida, and with it Mississippi, became a part of the Union.
As might be expected, as soon as Spain had conquered West Florida, measures were taken to reestablish the Catholic religion, though the government granted liberty of conscience. Claiborne states:
“There was in fact more toleration and freedom for Protestantism in the Natchez district, than for Catholics and dissenters either in Old or New England.”
The Bishop of Salamanca was instructed to send missionaries to the new colony. Four Irish priests were selected for the work: Revs. Wm. Savage, Gregory White, Constantine McKenna and Michael Lamport. They arrived in Natchez before 1790, but when the province was ceded to the United States they returned to Spain; and once more the Catholic church in Mississippi was left without priests.
This brings us to the end of the colonial times. For nearly a century missionaries had labored in Mississippi, and, it is sad to say, nothing had been accomplished. The reasons for this failure are many.
The instruction and conversion of Indians are difficult tasks, even under favorable circumstances. But during all that time the country was continually in an unsettled condition. Three European powers, England, France and Spain, were always fighting to get the mastery in the American colonies. They sought and obtained the help of the different Indian tribes, and were the cause of fierce quarrels and petty wars among the natives. Moreover, France, especially, followed the rule that anything was good enough for the Louisiana colony. Soldiers were needed, settlers wanted, but inmates of workhouses, criminals, worthless women, all who were low and vicious, were shipped to the colonies; those people remained in the colonies what they had been in France, and by their wicked and vicious lives undid all the work the missionaries had accomplished. Another cause of failure was this: The southern part of the French colonies always was under the jurisdiction of a Bishop living thousands of miles away. Nobody is to blame if these missions were more or less neglected, and the few scattered missionaries had not the proper moral support of the church authorities. All those things taken together made the work of the missionaries a failure. But if we cannot exult on account of great successes, we certainly are bound to admire those devoted men who, for a hundred years, kept up a heroic and hopeless struggle to establish Christianity in our State.
Back to: Mississippi HistoryJorge Sampaoli lo aveva detto che MauroIcardi non era al massimo e in effetti non è partito da titolare nella partita con il Perù. Sia l'interista che Dybala sono in panchina e in campo da titolari ci sono in attacco ci sono Messi, Papu Gomez e l'attaccante del Boca Juniors, Dario Benedetto. A dargli una mano anche Angel Di Maria. Titolare l'ex nerazzurro Banega.Nasıl vanilya ve fındık gibi tatlar kahve almak
Vanilya, kahve yerel bir kahve dükkanında bugün oldu ve ben ilk defa fark ettim. Henüz hiç vanilya aromaları kahve görmediğim gibi bu beni şaşırttı, ve o gelene kadar aklıma geldi. Herkes bu konuda bana yardımcı olabilir mi?
Homebrewing mağazalarında satışa Guinness mix "ya da" bira gaz "önceden doldurulmuş şişeler için" bakarak konuştum. Bu saf %100 bir karışım olmasa da, yüzde 75'e 25 veya 70/30 ve genellikle tedarikçi, onlar için karışık demektir. Tedarikçileri bir fequently bira büyük gaz tedarikçisi ile teslimat programı için kaydolmak için bu biraz zor olabilir, küçük toplu siparişler, yaptığı homebrew tedarikçileri kazma bir sürü sonra, buldum.
Gaz tedarikçisi ismini caydırmak "bularak ve gıda/tıp sınıf soruyor endüstri" sakın bir endüstriyel kaynak ve gaz kaynağı mağaza ... ... vardır. Bu endüstriyel tedarikçi de gıda sınıfı tankı değişimi var.
Damla kahve bir pot sahibiyim:
ve bir diğer şey satın alabilirsiniz bir ince ağızlı su ısıtıcısı hangisi kullanılır dökülen su bir zemin.
Teori bunun arkasında ne var?
Sadece daha iyi bir şekilde kahve/su süspansiyonu karıştırın su dağıtım/akış oranı nedir?
Ayrıca çok kahve dükkanlarında kullanılan bu öğeler gerçekten bu konuda uzman bir özeti gibi görüyorum.
İlgili sorular
İlgili sorular
En iyi günlük kullanım için buldum oldukça güvenli bir yöntem. Sonuç olarak, tat, onlar reasonabe bir espresso ayırt kadarıyla. Krem presso makineden, daha uzun tutmak için daha küçük bardak kullanın daha hızlı yok olmaya başlar.
- Kahve seçim olur, ama en önemli faktör kızarmış taze tutmak ve daha eğlenceli ve krem için bazı Panama'da üretilen ekleyerek azaltılabilir.
- Kaliteli su sağlar. İlginçtir, krem miktarı, kalitesi ve saklama benzer değişkenler bira (daha fazla bira için konu ile ilgili literatür hariç) suda çözünmüş daha uzun, polar olmayan moleküller, daha iyi olduğu gibi azaltılabilir. (Örneğin mineraller, tuzlar, basit şekerler) daha kısa polar moleküller, daha az krem. Deterjan eser miktarda krem için çok kötü.
- 1 ekstra ince eziyet kepçe kullanıyorum
- brew olmayan ters, ince çelik filtre ile:
- Sabotaj biler için bir kompakt, üniforma cin. Mümkün olduğunca sabit. Bu yardımcı olur: http://www.thingiverse.com/thing:1523667
- Su 1 "aeropress birimi" etrafında ekleyin, doğru su ısıtıcısı kaynar. 1 su bardağı su yavaş yavaş üzerinden bir bükülmüş kaşık, bu yüzden değil etki alanları ile çok fazla güç ve kahve cin kalır&tutar birlikte. Bazı insanlar gerekçesiyle ekstra kağıt filtre kullanın, ama boşa filtresi dışında) anlamlı bir fark göremedim. Kaşık biraz aşağı kaynar su soğur ve daha fazla sıcaklık ayarı hiçbir gelişme buldum.
- Ben (hayır Demleme var) bekleyin ve tüm gücü ile basın yok. Sadece gerekçesiyle sıkma önce durdurun. Bütün basmak ~20s almalıdır. Eğer basarak çok hızlı gider, yavaş; Eğer çok yavaş veya sıkışmış İse, kullanmak kaba öğütmek için (yerine daha az kuvvet) ince öğütme veya daha fazla kahve kullanın, her zaman maksimum kuvvet uygulamak.
EDİT: eklenen su kalite faktörleri.
aeropress im bir fan.. ancak farklı oranlarda deneyin, karşılaştırın, (tane büyüklüğü,Demleme süresi) bu Ayarlamalar ve en önemlisi su sıcaklığı yapmak, öneririm ama evet Cars'ın deneyin ve farkı görün,
Çaylak sorusu bakmayın ama kahve
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ور انقلاب، مبارزه با استکبار و منافع ملی) به وضوح قابل مشاهده بوده و نیز آنکه آنچه عراق را به آغازگر جنگ مبدل ساخت، تصور مقامات آن کشور از شرایط بی ثبات سیاسی ایران در آن زمان و تضاد گفتمان مقابل با گفتمان خود بود.
۹.
در اندیشه و نگرش امام خمینی که نشأت گرفته از آیین حنیف و توحیدی اسلام است، مؤمنین هم امتی واحده محسوب می شوند و هم بر مبنای اقتضائات با توجه به سرنوشت مشترک خویش در چارچوب مرزهای اعتباری جغرافیایی (ملی) برای تحقق این سرنوشت مشترک، به جهت گیری اعتقادی، سیاسی و عملی واحدی نیاز دارند. با وجود چنین جهت گیری است که آنان با اعتصام به حبل الله می توانند به مقام خلافت الهی در زمین نائل شوند. بر این مبنا ما در این نوشتار در پی بررسی این مسئله هستیم که نگرش امام خمینی(ره) به وحدت ملی از چه بنیادهای سیاسی - عقلانی برخوردار است. با بررسی تحلیلی اندیشه های امام خمینی(ره) درمی یابیم که مسئله وحدت و انسجام ملی نیز چونان سایر گونه های وحدت و همبستگی بر مبنای الزامات سیاسی و اقتضائات محیطی، ضرورتی است که هم مبتنی بر شواهد و براهین عقلی است و هم مبتنی بر براهین شرعی است. در نتیجه امام خمینی نگاهی دو بعدی - عقلانی و وحیانی - به امر وحدت دارد. اما آنچه مورد بحث این نوشتار است، دلایل و براهین سیاسی - عقلانی وحدت و انسجام ملی در اندیشه بنیان گذار جمهوری اسلامی ایران است. در این عرصه امام خمینی(ره) بر بداهت عقلی وحدت، اقتضای عقل سیاسی، وجود دشمن مشترک، توسعه فرهنگی، سیاسی و اجتماعی، اصل حفظ و تداوم انقلاب اسلامی و ارزش هایش و در نهایت طرح وحدت و انسجام ملی به مثابه یک راهبرد برای دست یافتن به آزادی، رهایی و پیروزی تأکید دارد.
یکی از مهم ترین مفاهیم فلسفی و عرفانی که «احمد فردید»، نظریه پردازی درباره آن را با عنوان حکمت تاریخ یا «حکمت اُنسی» مطرح کرده است، مفهوم «حقیقت» است. اندیشه حقیقت برای فردید آن قدر مهم و اساسی است که کل فضای فکری و اندیشگی او را درباره تمامی موضوعات از هستی شناسی تا معرفت شناسی و انسان شناسی در برمی گیرد. به بیان دیگر، محوری ترین موضوع برای ورود در ساحت اندیشه ورزی فلسفی، عرفانی و سیاسی در نزد فردید، دستیابی به حقیقت است. از طرف دیگر فردید هر چند به صورت مشخص فیلسوف سیاسی محسوب نمی شود، دیدگاه های او درباره تاریخ می تواند نتایج سیاسی داشته باشد. از این رو مسائل مربوط به اجتماع و سیاست نیز تا آنجایی که بتوانند با حقیقت ارتباط پیدا کنند، ارزشمند و اخلاقی و در خور توجه می گردند و چنانچه فلسفه سیاسی یا اندیشه ورزی سیاسی نتواند به حقیقت موضوع مورد بررسی نزدیک شود، سزاوار نقد و انتقاد و در برخی موارد، رد و نفی قرار می گیرد. فردید در نظریه پردازی حکمت تاریخ، ارتباط پیچیده و ناگسستنی میان حقیقت و سیاست برقرار می کند و شناخت امر سیاسی را مشروط به درک حقیقت می کند. بدین ترتیب او معنای جدیدی از سیاست ارائه می کند که در علم سیاست و اندیشه سیاسی، کمتر مورد توجه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است. مهم ترین تضمن سیاسی حقیقت محوری در نظریه حکمت انسی فردید، نادیده گرفتن و بی توجهی به مقوله کنش سیاسی است که باعث تغییر ماهیت و مفهوم امر سیاسی و دگرگونی و تبدیل کنش سیاسی به کنش عرفانی و سلوک نفسانی می شود. نوشته حاضر ضمن توصیف و تحلیل اندیشه فردید در باب حقیقت، چگونگی ارتباط و تأثیرگذاری این مفهوم کلیدی را در نظریه حکمت انسی و تاریخ معنوی فردید بر امر سیاسی و کنش سیاسی بررسی و تحلیل می کند.24 ore a Siviglia
24 ore a Siviglia possono non essere molte, ma sono abbastanza per capire perché così tante persone amano questa città spagnola. Qui troverai palazzi reali, un'imponente chiesa cattolica e splendidi parchi accanto a moderni negozi, ristoranti e bar. Siviglia è facilmente raggiungibile in treno dalla capitale spagnola Madrid, e questo la rende una tappa ideale di tutti i viaggi Interrail.In case of emergencies the population in danger should be alarmed so individuals can take action to get or remain out of danger. For alarming the population the means available are limited. Many countries have outdoor sirens. They operability however is limited since the siren has only one implicit instruction to the population. This instruction should moreover be known. The Safety Science Group has been involved in studying the potential effectiveness of alarming and informing the population via mobile phone messages since 2004 in national and EU context. In the course of 2012 this technology will come available for citizens’ alarming in The Netherlands. This paper discusses the field of citizens’ alarming and the type of technologies available to communicate to the population. This framework is relevant for understanding how one should asses a new technology from a safety point of view. One of the challenges for the new alarming service is the composition of a short message to alarm the population via their mobile phone, which is complete, relevant and correct for situation. This is new field which is recently being explored. We explain amongst others how the not yet known disaster is dominant for the message content and explain how a message can be composed. Results from workshop with experts from the emergency rescue services are discussed. We rounds off arguing dilemmas in order to get to effective citizens’ alarming via the new service.《英雄联盟：双城之战》是英雄联盟官方动画剧集，讲述的是在充满蒸汽朋克气息的乌托邦-皮尔特沃夫和由化学品驱动的地下城-祖安中，蔚和金克丝两姐妹，她们在一场激烈的冲突后发现两个人站在了彼此的对立面。她们从此分开，走上不同的道路，朝着不同的命运终点走去，但心中的羁绊又无时不刻地让姐妹二人想要破镜重圆。……
carry you，带领你们走向胜利
LOL里的团灭用英语怎么说？
ACE[eis]ACE在网络游戏《英雄联盟》中代表的意思是本方团队或者敌方团队队员全部阵亡，即“团灭”。要不要其他的例如超神之类的Hawthorn Trees - Crataegus
Crataegus trees, also known as Hawthron trees, are widely planted for their delightful flowers which are often scented and appear in spring. The flowers are double or single and range from white to pink to red; they smother the branches and add a real burst of floral interest to your garden. The leaves of this species vary in shape and size, but most have lobed leaves and come from thorny branches.
One of the most distinctive features of this species comes with the fruits - named ‘haws’ - and these are small, often rounded, and contain several seeds inside. The fruits can be utilised in cooking and can be made into a jelly or a home-made wine. If left on the tree, the fruits will be enjoyed by the birds; this also plays an important role with ecology as the birds disperse the seeds.
You can plant Hawthorn trees in full sun or partial shade positions and they can tolerate a range of conditions including exposed sites and salt-laden air. These trees make great specimens due to their attractive flowers and bright autumn leaf colour, but they also work well as security trees due to their spiny branches.
Crataegus - Hawthorn Trees
Home & Garden > Plants > Trees那四股势力，都是西北诸域的顶尖势力。
单凭站在几艘神舰上空的强者们，便可见一斑。
虽只有寥寥数人，却都是上位神王，实力底蕴颇为深厚。
四股势力都想进攻、霸占噬星洞天，却又在深渊中对峙...
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看了那么久，可能你有话说。我有故事，你有想法吗？Detroit River revival
Construction to begin in October at the Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge.
The Detroit River International Wildlife Refuge, administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, is the only International wildlife refuge in North America. It includes nearly 6,000 acres of islands, coastal wetlands, marshes, shoals, and waterfront lands along 48 miles of Detroit River and Western Lake Erie shorelines.
Central to the future of the refuge are 44 acres located on the banks of the Detroit River in Trenton, Michigan, comprising the Refuge Gateway property. It is just north of the Humbug Marsh complex – the last mile of natural shoreline on the U.S. side of the Detroit River. The Humbug Marsh, itself, is Michigan’s only Wetland of International Importance, and is sheltered behind Humbug Island.
Beginning in 1946, the Refuge Gateway property was operated by Chrysler Corporation as a manufacturing facility. It was deactivated in 1990, and in 2002 the property was purchased by Wayne County to become the gateway to the international wildlife refuge and the future home of the Refuge Visitor Center.
Over the past six years, the Refuge Gateway has undergone a dramatic transformation from former industrial site to restored wildlife habitat. The goal is to restore quality coastal habitat, including wetland, prairie, and forest ecosystems, and build roads, parking, and trails required for full public access. Areas not receiving restored habitat or infrastructure will be used to construct the visitor center for the refuge.
As part of the master plan for the Refuge Gateway, a boat dock and fishing pier will provide accessible, shore-based fishing opportunities on the Detroit River. The project, open to the public and anglers of all skill levels, includes a boardwalk, fishing pier, floating dock, restroom facilities, seating areas, shade structures, and interpretive signage.
Construction of the boat dock, which will be made available for the Great Lakes Education Program and Summer Discovery Cruises – both sponsored by Michigan State University Extension and Michigan Sea Grant – will begin this coming October. This good news was shared by the refuge’s manager, Dr. John Hartig, who was the special guest presenter for our recent Detroit River Revival Summer Discovery Cruise. On this cruise, John shared his insights on the incredible revival of the Detroit River, including its habitats, wildlife and fishery resources. Cruise participants learned how this revival has been accomplished, who has contributed, and what’s in store for the future. The cruise offers a great opportunity to celebrate the progress made while visiting Humbug Island and other gems of the “new” Detroit River.
Michigan Sea Grant Extension looks forward to expanding our partnership with the refuge as construction on our future vessel-based education dock moves forward. Stay tuned for more information about the future of the Refuge Gateway!影评网站烂番茄（Rotten Tomatoes）正在采取额外措施，以确认观众在进行评分和评论前真的看过了电影。
该网站的 “大众评分”（Audience Scores）——有别于基于专业影评人评价的 “新鲜度”（Tomatometer）——已经成为喷子进行评论轰炸的重灾区。这个问题在那些以女性或有色人种为主角的影视作品身上尤为明显，比如《惊奇队长》（Captain Marvel）、《黑豹》（Black Panther）以及《星球大战：吉祥坊的绝地武士》（Star Wars: The Last Jedi）。（吉祥坊被喷的不行，但上述影片的全球票房都超过了 10 亿美元。）
今年早些时候，烂番茄宣布，用户在一部电影上映前将无法发表有关它的评论。不过，这项措施只是推迟了讨论的时间——如果喷子想在没有看过电影的情况下就开喷，他（或她）只需要多等上一些时间。
因此，从周四开始，烂番茄开始对自身具备的一项优势加以利用，即自己的母公司是票务服务 Fandango（后者则隶属于康卡斯特和华纳媒体）。对于今后上映的所有新电影，如果用户想要进行评分或评论，烂番茄将要求对他们通过 Fandango 购买的电影票进行验证。
需要说清楚的是，即使没有验证电影票，你仍然可以在烂番茄留下影评，但那些经过验证的评论将被清楚地标记出来，而且大众评分将只计入这些经过验证的评论。
此外，烂番茄的 “大众评分” 也将取代 Fandango 的用户评分系统，后者将提示购票者在观影结束后到烂番茄发表评论。
Fandango 产品副总裁格雷格·费里斯（Greg Ferris）说：“由于 Fandango 带来的规模效应，我们预计看到大量经过验证的影评马上涌现出来。”
他补充说，烂番茄还跟 AMC Theatres、Regal 以及 Cinemark Theatres 达成合作，在今年晚些时候，通过这些连锁院线购票的用户也可以进行验证操作。
除此之外，烂番茄还在探索方法，以确认你通过流媒体服务或在电视机上看完了电影。而且，费里斯表示，虽然该系统目前仅支持对一票一影评进行验证，但他正在研究如何实现对团购票用户发表多篇影评的支持。
图片来源：Niklas Storm / EyeEm / Getty Images
翻译：王灿均（@何无鱼）Internal Combustion Engine for Fishing Boats (IV) Lubrication and Cooling
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The present textbook contains the fourth set of lectures on internal combustion engine, prepared for the trainees of the Marine Engineering course at the SEAFDEC Training Department during 1983-85. The first volume in this series is a general introduction to the basic principles of the internal combustion engine. In the second volume I have dealt more specifically with the main parts of diesel engines, particularly the four-stroke cycle engine which have a wide marine application in the Southeast Asian Region.
- Marine EngineeringA long time ago, in a galaxy not so far away, there lived a terrible beast. The creature was tall and sinewy, wielding razor sharp claws. It had the agility of a spider monkey, but the stealth of a drunken rhinoceros. The fiend was blessed with piercing blue eyes and silky hair, no doubt a result of fine breeding… but perhaps the most notable features were its incredibly thick, seemingly impenetrable skull, and constant defensive stance. The creature was the American Inobut (pronounced eye-know-butt).
These creatures often lurked in the shadows, and tried to detach themselves from their parents at a relatively young age. However, they possessed an insatiable appetite, and could be found attempting to suck the teat dry nearly every waking hour.
Over time, the American Inobut could be trained to complete rudimentary tasks. They could carry items from one area to another, communicate by scratching lines in the dirt, and even had some amount of vocalization.
Unfortunately, when attempting to teach the Inobut more sophisticated tasks, or perhaps just more efficient ways of completing the rudimentary tasks, the Inobut would bare it’s teeth and proceed to repeatedly bang it’s head on the nearest object… often its parent or elder.
When the Inobut was in this state, the best course of action was near inaction. Speaking in low tones had no effect. Appealing to their limited sense of reason had no effect. Yelling had no effect. Repeated beatings had no effect. A soothing touch had no effect. The only remedy was what scientists of the day called “the hard way.” Given a long enough period of time, and repeated doses, “the hard way” would eventually placate the beast.
Despite scientists believing that the monster has gone extinct, legend has it that the beast can still be found today.دو نمایشنامه تک پرده ای مدرن
کتاب دو نمايشنامه تک پرده اي مدرن/ کلبه کوچک و تفريحي کنار دريا. مرد زن نشسته اند. زن مشغول بافتن است و مرد مطالعه مي کند. ميز تحرير و صندلي گردان نامه ها و مدارکي که روي ميز ولو شده اند. دري در سمت راست انتهاي صحنه که پرده اي آن را پوشانده است. سه پنجره مشبک روي ديوار انتهايي تعبيه شده است. يک عصر تابستاني و نواي ارگ از دور. خدمتکار زن وارد مي شود.ربات کشاورز: توسط بانک سلول های انسانی و جانوری مرکز ملی ذخایر ژنتیکی و زیستی منشاء اولیه مواد استفاده شده در محصولات لبنی جهت بررسی تقلب غذایی شناسایی می شود.
به گزارش ربات کشاورز به نقل از ایسنا، دکتر سید مجید تولیت، سرپرست مرکز ملی ذخایر ژنتیکی و زیستی ایران اظهار داشت: شناسایی و تفکیک منشا مواد غذایی برمبنای مواد اولیه تشکیل دهنده آنها از مسایل بسیار مهم و کلیدی صنایع غذایی به شمار می آید که در امتداد امنیت و سلامت غذایی جامعه است. بدین سبب تشخیص و نظارت بر عدم تعـویض و جـایگزینی در ترکیبات محصـولات غذایی و بالطبع آن، جلوگیری از تقلب غذایی می تواند برای آگاهی رسانی و انتخاب مطمئن و متناسب با رژیم غذایی مصرف کننده به کار رود و در مقابل معضل تقلبات غذایی تضمینی برای سلامت و تامین نظر مصرف کنندگان به وجود آورد.
وی ادامه داد: در زمینه فرآورده های لبنی، به سبب تفاوت قیمت در شیر گونه های مختلف دامی، همین طور در دسترس نبودن شیر همه حیوانات در تمام فصول، افراد سودجو در پروسه تولید یا عرضه محصولات لبنی شامل شیر، پنیر، ماست و دوغ تقلباتی نظیر مخلوط کردن مقداری از شیر گاو با شیر گوسفند، بز و یا شتر انجام می دهند. البته تولیـد کننـدگان فرآورده های لبنی ملزم به اعلام نوع شیر مصرفی در تولید مواد لبنی هستند. با این وجود تابحال ظرفیت تشخیص و آزمایش الزامی موارد ذکر شده در کشور عملیاتی نشده است و همواره با چالش هایی رو به رو بوده است.
تولیت اشاره کرد: بتازگی روش شناسایی منشا اولیه مواد استفاده شده در محصولات لبنی توسط پژوهشگران این مرکز در بانک سلول های انسانی و جانوری با موفقیت به راه افتاده است. در این روش با استفاده از تشخیص مولکولی که از حساسیت شناسایی بسیار بالایی برخوردار است، منشا اولیه شیر استفاده شده در تولید فرآورده های لبنی از جمله: شیر، پنیر، ماست و دوغ، بین گونه های مختلف جانداران مانند گوسفند، گاو، بز و شتر قابل تفکیک است.
بنا بر اعلام روابط عمومی جهاد دانشگاهی، در سال های گذشته، خدمات بررسی تقلبات مربوط به فرآورده های گوشتی نیز
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hafızları Ordusu Hava-Uzay Kuvvetleri tarafından Umman Körfezi'ne kıyısı olan Hürmüzgan eyaletine bağlı Kuhmubarek şehri sahilinde ABD Hava Kuvvetleri'ne ait Global Hawk tipi İHA'nın vurularak düşürüldüğü bildirildi.
Olaydan saatler sonra adı açıklanmayan ABD'li bir görevli basına yaptığı açıklamada iddiaları doğruladı.
Son Dakika Dünya Haberleri için aşağı kaydırın.Avustralya Akademik Yolculuğunuza Ekim Ayında Başlayın
Akademik yolculuğunuza bu Ekim ayında Avustralya'da başlamak isteyen uluslararası bir öğrenci misiniz? Avustralya'daki RMIT Üniversitesi*'nden başka bir yere bakmayın. İşletme Lisansı, Bilgi Teknolojisi Lisansı ve Mühendislik Lisansı (Sürdürülebilir Sistem Mühendisliği) (Başarılar) dahil olmak üzere çok çeşitli kurslar ile RMIT, kaliteli bir eğitim arayan öğrenciler için mükemmel bir seçimdir.
RMIT'de eğitim almanın en önemli faydalarından biri, uygulamalı öğrenmeye verdiği önemdir. Pek çok kurs, öğrencilere işverenler tarafından çok değer verilen gerçek dünya becerileri kazandırarak stajlar ve işe yerleştirmeler yoluyla pratik deneyim sunar. Örneğin, Çevre Bilimleri Lisansı, öğrencilerin çevresel izleme ve değerlendirme konusunda deneyim kazanabilecekleri saha çalışması fırsatlarını içerir.
RMIT'de okumanın bir başka avantajı da mükemmel tesisleridir. Üniversite, bilim ve mühendislik öğrencileri için son teknoloji laboratuvar ve ekipmanların yanı sıra tüm disiplinler için modern kütüphaneler ve çalışma alanlarına sahiptir. Öğrenciler ayrıca veritabanları ve e-kitaplar gibi çevrimiçi kaynaklara da erişebilirler. Ancak bu sadece akademisyenlerle ilgili değil – RMIT aynı zamanda öğrencilerin dahil olabileceği pek çok aktivite ve etkinlikle canlı bir kampüs hayatı sunuyor. Spor kulüplerinden kültürel topluluklara herkes için bir şeyler var. Ayrıca, RMIT'in bulunduğu Melbourne, canlı sanat ortamı, lezzetli yemek seçenekleri ve güzel parklarıyla tanınır.
Bu nedenle, Bilgisayar Bilimi veya Gıda Teknolojisi ve Beslenme alanında derece yapmakla ilgileniyorsanız, RMIT'de ilgi alanlarınıza uygun bir kurs vardır. Pratik öğrenime, birinci sınıf tesislere ve canlı kampüs hayatına odaklanmasıyla, RMIT University'de uluslararası bir öğrenci olarak unutulmaz bir deneyim yaşayacağınızdan emin olabilirsiniz.
Ekim kursları:
- BP343 İşletme Lisansı
- BP162P23 Bilgi Teknolojisi Lisansı
- BP094P23 Bilgisayar Bilimleri Lisansı
- BP192P23 Çevre Bilimleri Lisansı
- BP199P23 Gıda Teknolojisi ve Beslenme Lisansı
- BP350 Bilim Lisansı
- BP154P23 Psikoloji Lisansı
- BP311P23 Farmasötik Bilimler Lisansı
- BP231P23 Biyomedikal Bilim Lisansı
- BH076P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Sürdürülebilir Sistem Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH070P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Makine Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH080P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Çevre Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH075P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Elektrik Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH073P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Elektronik ve Bilgisayar Sistemleri Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH077P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (İnşaat ve Altyapı) (Başarılar)
- BH079P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Kimya Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH069P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Biyomedikal Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH078P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (Havacılık ve Uzay Mühendisliği) (Başarılar)
- BH068P23 Mühendislik Lisansı (İleri Üretim ve Mekatronik) (Başarılar)
NCUK ile, RMIT Üniversitesi'nin yanı sıra New South Wales Üniversitesi, Batı Avustralya Üniversitesi, Güney Avustralya Üniversitesi gibi en iyi Avustralya üniversitelerinde eğitim alma hayallerinizi gerçekleştirmek için ilk adımı atabilirsiniz. İster orta öğretiminiz ile üniversite dereceniz arasındaki boşluğu kapatmak istiyor olun, ister giriş koşullarını zaten karşılıyor olun, NCUK başarılı olmanıza yardımcı olacak çok çeşitli eğitim programları ve hizmetleri sunar.
Daha da iyisi, Avustralya üniversitelerinin uluslararası öğrenciler ve NCUK yeterliliğini tamamlayanlar için cömert burslar sunmasıdır. Böylece, yalnızca birinci sınıf eğitime erişiminiz olmayacak, aynı zamanda bunun gerçekleşmesi için mali desteğe de sahip olacaksınız. Hiçbir şeyin sizi akademik hedeflerinize ulaşmaktan alıkoymasına izin vermeyin.
Yolculuğunuza bugün NCUK ile başlayın. Tıklamak okuyun daha fazlasını öğrenmek ve daha parlak bir geleceğe ilk adımı atmak için.
*RMIT Üniversitesi, CRICOS 00122ABAE, aşı olması koşuluyla kapılarını turistlere açıyor
Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri (BAE), koronavirüs önlemleri kapsamında ülkeye girişi yasaklanan ziyaretçilere aşı olmaları halinde kapılarını yeniden açacağını duyurdu.
Açıklamada, ülke ekonomisinin iyileştirilmesi ve halk sağlığı çıkarları için BAE’ye seyahat etmek isteyen turistlere aşı olmaları halinde vize verileceği belirtildi. Açıklamada, kararın 30 Ağustos itibariyle geçerli olduğu belirtildi.-->
Frederiksplein è una piazza al centro di Amsterdam dove si passa più volte al giorno ma pochi vi prestano attenzione: complice uno dei semafori ciclabili più estenuanti in città, non è strano che l’occhio cada sui palazzi circostanti.
Al piano terra dell’edifico all’angolo tra Frederiksplein e Weteringschans da qualche anno è stata inaugurata la sede olandese di The School of Life – un centro che, a quanto promette, svela segreti esistenziali dietro pagamento di un cospicuo contributo.
La porzione inferiore dell’edificio è stata progettata dall’architetto Anton Hamaker nel 1927 ma non l’intero palazzo. Guardando in alto sulla cornice del sottotetto, c’è scritto in uno pseudo latino: Negotia in otio gerimus bene (gestiamo bene gli affari nell’ozio/gli affari rilassati sono i migliori). Un motto poco, o forse al contrario, troppo olandese.
Al civico 34, in un edificio gemello di proprietà della Nederlandsche Bouw Maatschappij, a partire la seconda guerra mondiale si sono avvicendate aste di pellicce, lo showroom di una ditta di carta da parati e uno sportello della Rabobank. In base ai documenti anagrafaci sappiamo che nello stabile abitavano i coniugi van Rozenburg dalla fine dell’ottocento. Prima della sua morte nel 1879, il signor Jacob Rutgers è stato commissario del Paleis voor Volksvlijt – il Palazzo dell’operosità popolare – la cui costruzione aspettava con ansia.
Ma cos’è un Palazzo dell’operosità popolare? Dal nome sembrerebbe riecheggiare la sobrietà di un monumento sovietico o il Palazzo della Repubblica a Berlino Est. E invece no.
Het Paleis voor Volksvlijt
Sul lato sud della piazza, al posto dell’odierna banca nazionale, il Paleis voor Volksvlijt, capolavoro dell’urbanista Samuel Sarphati e dell’architetto Cornelis Outshoorn, fu progettato e costruito a metà ottocento.
Sarphati aveva ammirato il Crystal Palace all’Esposizione Universale di Londra nel 1851 e voleva erigere un edificio simile ad Amsterdam. Tornato in città, l’urbanista fondò un’ambiziosa associazione e chiese al comune il permesso per la costruzione del nuovo palazzo.
Il progetto urbanistico prevedeva inoltre la costruzione di un nuovo quartiere su entrambi i lati dell’Amstel. È così che nasce quello che oggi è conosciuto come De Pijp.
Nel 1856 venne bandita una gara per il miglior progetto ma nessuno la vinse. La costruzione vera e propria iniziò nel 1858 alla presenza del re Guglielmo III. Il Palazzo fu completato nel 1864.
L’edificio, largo 126 metri, era costruito principalmente in ghisa e vetro, per un’altezza massima di 64 metri. La grande sala centrale misurava 112 per 31 metri. Quattro erano le stanze laterali su entrambi i lati. Sul retro il Palazzo era separato dal Singelgracht tramite un giardino.
Il palazzo era coronato da una statua di zinco dorato con una Vittoria alata che simboleggiava tutto ciò che il palazzo doveva rappresentare. Nella mano sinistra aveva una corona di alloro per ricordare l’arte e l’industriosità del popolo olandese. Nella mano destra recava invece la fiaccola dell’Illuminismo.
Presto, oltre alle mostre, furono organizzati anche concerti. Nel 1883, intorno al giardino fu costruita una galleria commerciale, progettata da Dolf van Gendt, per coprire le spese di gestione del Palazzo. A partire dal 1865, il Palazzo ospitò concerti settimanali della propria Orchestra diretta da Johannes Meinardus Coenenen. Il famoso costruttore francese di organi, Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, mise in funzione un grande organo da concerto nel 1875. L’organo fu suonato da Alexandre Guilmant il 26 ottobre 1875.
La notte tra il 18 e il 19 aprile 1929, accadde qualcosa di drammatico: il Palazzo infatti andò a fuoco. L’incendio fu probabilmente causato da un corto circuito. La costruzione in ghisa non poteva resistere al calore scaturito, così l’edificio implose completamente. Solo la galleria rimase intatta ma fu demolita nel 1960 per far posto all’attuale Nederlandsche Bank.Attaccamento disorganizzato: cos'è e come influisce sull'età adulta
Quando i bambini attraversano un’esperienza che provoca paura, angoscia o frustrazione, si rivolgono ai genitori per ricevere sostegno. La loro risposta a questa ricerca aiuta a costruire il tipo di attaccamento che i piccoli mostrano verso di loro e verso gli altri. Una risposta affettiva e tempestiva genera un attaccamento sicuro; mentre una risposta fredda e sgradita può portare ad un tipo di attaccamento detto “disorganizzato”.
L’attaccamento disorganizzato è un quarto tipo di attaccamento proposto da Main e Solomon durante gli anni 80. Esso integra altri tipi di attaccamento, come il già citato attaccamento sicuro, evitante e ansioso. Come prevedibile, questo stile di attaccamento ha molteplici implicazioni nella vita adulta, quindi li esaminiamo mano nella mano con i loro tratti e le possibili cause.
Caratteristiche dell’attaccamento disorganizzato
L’attaccamento disorganizzato, noto anche come “attaccamento disorientato”, è stato proposto valutando le reazioni dei bambini a una situazione di temporaneo abbandono e poi ritorno dai genitori in un contesto controllato (noto come “Ainsworth Strange Situation Procedure”). Gli esperti descrivono 7 tratti caratteristici di questo tipo di attaccamento di fronte a detto esperimento:
- Manifestazioni sequenziali di comportamenti contraddittori.
- Visualizzazione simultanea di comportamenti contraddittori.
- Movimenti non diretti, mal indirizzati o direttamente incompleti.
- Movimenti involontari, al momento sbagliato e posture anomale.
- Congelamento o immobilità quando si vede il genitore o il caregiver.
- Esibizione apprensiva del genitore o del caregiver.
- Segni evidenti di disorientamento o disorganizzazione dopo il rientro.
Cioè i piccoli reagiscono in modo disorganizzato, disorientato e anche dubbioso dopo il ritorno dei genitori dopo un abbandono controllato. Ciò ha spinto i ricercatori Mary Main e Solomon Judith a proporre un nuovo tipo di stile di attaccamento.
Per tutto questo, e come hanno postulato in un articolo dei primi anni ’90, la caratteristica distintiva dell’attaccamento disorganizzato è l’assenza di una strategia coerente per rispondere a un caregiver nei momenti di stress.
È uno stile di attaccamento molto irregolare, poiché sia le sue cause che le sue conseguenze nella vita adulta possono essere molto varie.
Cause di attaccamento disorganizzato
L’ipotesi iniziale sullo sviluppo dell’attaccamento disorganizzato era che fosse una conseguenza di esperienze di abuso, violenza, trauma e così via durante la prima infanzia. Per questo i piccoli esprimono un dubbio quando vanno da loro in una situazione che genera angoscia o paura.
Vedono in questi una figura che fornisce loro sicurezza e conforto; ma anche come uno che può ferirli. Questo genera quell’ambiguità di avvicinamento e fuga.
Tuttavia, in un articolo pubblicato nel 1999 su Psychoanalytic Inquiry, gli autori hanno proposto un secondo modo per spiegare questo stile di attaccamento: genitori o caregiver che hanno avuto esperienze traumatiche o perdite irrisolte.
Sebbene non vi siano espliciti abusi e violenze fisiche o psicologiche, i suoi atteggiamenti o comportamenti minacciosi allarmano il bambino e lo portano a manifestare un attaccamento disorganizzato (avvicinarsi a lui e allo stesso tempo voler fuggire).
Sebbene questo tipo di attaccamento possa manifestarsi in contesti di nonviolenza esplicita, la verità è che è più comune in questi contesti.
I bambini che hanno subito abusi fisici o psicologici, hanno assistito a eventi traumatici da parte dei genitori, sono cresciuti in una famiglia disfunzionale, hanno dovuto affrontare litigi e conflitti hanno maggiori probabilità di sviluppare un attaccamento disorganizzato.
Conseguenze dell’attaccamento disorganizzato nella vita adulta
Come previsto, lo stile di attaccamento ha molteplici implicazioni per una vita funzionale. Evidenziamo alcuni modi in cui può interrompere la salute emotiva e sociale di un soggetto.
Rischio di sviluppare disturbi della personalità
È stato suggerito che gli attaccamenti insicuri siano un fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di disturbi della personalità. Infatti, alcuni esperti lo hanno proposto come possibile spiegazione per il disturbo borderline di personalità.
Inoltre, le persone con questo stile di attaccamento hanno un rischio maggiore di sviluppare disturbo evitante di personalità, disturbo narcisistico di personalità, disturbo antisociale di personalità e altri.
Alterazioni nella percezione del tatto
Uno studio pubblicato su Scientific Reports nel 2020 ha rilevato che le persone con attaccamento disorganizzato assimilano il tocco affettivo (carezze, abbracci e così via) come più sgradevole delle persone con attaccamento sicuro. Questa percezione alterata può farli rifuggire da questo tipo di contatto, così come evitare di manifestarlo da soli.
scarso adattamento sociale
Ci sono anche prove che questo stile di attaccamento porta a uno scarso adattamento sociale dei soggetti. Hanno problemi a inserirsi nella società, fare amicizia, mantenere una relazione stabile, avere un lavoro e così via.
Questo può portarli a scommettere su uno stile di vita chiuso e lontano dal contatto sociale, che a sua volta può portare ad altre complicazioni (depressione e altro).
Rischio di manifestare sintomi dissociativi
Alcuni esperti hanno messo in guardia sulla manifestazione di sintomi dissociativi come conseguenza dell’attaccamento disorganizzato. La perdita della memoria, l’assunzione di un’interpretazione confusa della realtà, la percezione che coloro che fanno parte del cerchio siano irreali e la sensazione di essere separati dal proprio corpo e dalle proprie emozioni sono alcune caratteristiche della dissociazione.
Non sorprende che una persona con questo stile di attaccamento possa favorire lo sviluppo del proprio figlio durante la genitorialità. Date le conseguenze che ha nella vita adulta, quando ci sono drastiche interferenze nella vita quotidiana, dovrebbe essere presa in considerazione la ricerca di un aiuto professionale.
Nello specifico, la terapia psicologica può essere la risposta agli effetti che le esperienze della prima infanzia hanno avuto su atteggiamenti, pensieri e comportamenti in età adulta.Potrebbe interessarti ...
- Duschinsky R. DISORGANIZATION, FEAR AND ATTACHMENT: WORKING TOWARDS CLARIFICATION. Infant Ment Health J. 2018 Jan;39(1):17-29.
- Hesse, E., & Main, M. Second-generation effects of unresolved trauma in nonmaltreating parents: Dissociated, frightened, and threatening parental behavior. Psychoanalytic Inquiry. 1999; 19(4): 481–540.
- Levy KN. The implications of attachment theory and research for understanding borderline personality disorder. Dev Psychopathol. 2005 Fall;17(4):959-86.
- Lyons-Ruth K, Dutra L, Schuder MR, Bianchi I. From infant attachment disorganization to adult dissociation: relational adaptations or traumatic experiences? Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2006 Mar;29(1):63-86, viii.
- Main, M., & Solomon, J. (1986). Discovery of an
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L’istinto a restare nel mucchio si era rimesso al lavoro, il fatto poi di appartenere al mucchio di punta – il più ambito e meno composito – mi aiutava ad accettarne con un minimo di irritazione, sempre transitoria, le caratteristiche sostanziali.
Quando al caffè Platti gli argomenti dei maschi erano il calcio e le partite di poker io cercavo spazi di dialogo con le femmine, sempre tutte attente a non lasciarsi sfuggire un sorriso naturale, un gesto istintivo di simpatia.
Trovavo tutto intollerabile ma inspiegabilmente desideravo essere come loro, o meglio, desideravo che mi apprezzassero.
Finii persino allo stadio, senza sapere bene per chi tifare, disorientato dalla rivalità feroce che si insinuava come un automatismo robotico nei comportamenti di persone che sapevo normalmente amiche, e che fuori dalla tenzone calcistica tornavano ad esserlo.
Tendevano fin dall’adolescenza a costituire coppie più o meno fisse, con intrecci senza fantasia, come dettati da una specie di propedeutica al matrimonio combinato, senza eccessivi batticuori per i maschi, con batticuori addomesticati per le femmine, che palpitavano e si davano il tormento più per un cognome o per un patrimonio che per il viso o il carattere del rampollo che deteneva i primi due con altezzosità e senza merito.
Con l’ingenuità propria di quell’età, che tende a non considerare gli ostacoli – ma ci si inciampa, non si cura della ferita, procede con spavalda noncuranza e pagherà, più avanti, con postumi di cui non si sa dar ragione – tentai persino di portarne alcuni dalla mia parte.
Nella libreria di mia madre avevo trovato “Il giovane Holden”. Nel 1967 era un libro sconosciuto ai più.
Per anni – quelli dei mondadoriani “Libri del pavone” che divennero poi gli Oscar – le mie scelte erano state determinate dai disegni sulle copertine.
Gli illustratori di allora, di cui malauguratamente non so nulla ma cui sarò per sempre riconoscente, padroneggiavano l’arte suprema di saper condensare in un’immagine il filo della trama e quello delle emozioni che ne sarebbero derivate. Non così per le copertine delle collane non economiche. In quel caso un certo sussiego culturale spingeva a scelte più criptiche, che più che suggerire qualcosa a proposito del contenuto ammiccavano all’agilità associativa degli eventuali lettori.
Coralli e Super Coralli Einaudi ne erano gli esempi più sofisticati.
Il ragazzino con gelato disegnato da Ben Shahn, che campeggiava sulla sovracopertina della prima edizione italiana del libro di Salinger, mi aveva spinto ad un avvicinamento circospetto. Poi, come credo sia accaduto a chiunque l’abbia letto, l’avevo divorato e definitivamente collocato in politeistica compagnia sull’altar maggiore del mio empireo letterario.
Con imbarazzante e incongruente determinazione decisi che se ne doveva trarre un film e che potevamo realizzarlo noi.
Così, per qualche giorno, riuscii ad accaparrarmi blande attenzioni da parte di quelle ragazze e quei ragazzi che desideravo attrarre nel vortice di entusiasmi più articolati, senza tener conto che non erano equipaggiati per affrontarli, o meglio, erano già, ormai, perfettamente equipaggiati per resistervi.
Dopo pochi giorni tornarono, le une a non tener conto del mondo al di là del loro, e gli altri a sfoggiare atteggiamenti di misurata spregiudicatezza, perdendo ad un tavolo di poker l’equivalente di uno stipendio operaio o investendolo in cumulative gite in bordelli clandestini, dove espletare pratiche sessuali minimaliste che neppure si sognavano di tentare con le fidanzatine.
La puttana più frequentata da quel manipolo d’adolescenti già prigionieri di un cinismo mutilante, rispondeva all’esotico nome di Gertrud Knirim.
Il fratello di Virginia, un tipo molto formale con un cospicuo birignao, miope e mollemente corpulento, era un saltuario cliente di questa Gertrud, più per dovere di gruppo che per autentica urgenza erotica.
Virginia, con gli occhi luccicanti di ammirata eccitazione, mi aveva raccontato che lei – Gertrud – una sera non aveva smesso di masturbare suo fratello coi piedi nudi senza interrompere una telefonata con un cliente.
Non capivo se quell’ammirazione che percepivo nel suo racconto dipendesse dalla considerazione per l’agilità prensile dei piedi di Gertrud, e se quell’eccitazione che non riusciva, o non voleva, mascherare dipendesse dall’ambizione di saper fare, magari dopo dovizioso esercizio, altrettanto.
Virginia non era come le altre ragazze della sua età. Neppure le frequentava.
Era curiosa, provocatoria, genuinamente eccentrica. Scrutava da sotto in su con occhi da cerbiatto e non sapevi mai che cosa ti avrebbero riservato le parole che stava per dire.
Ero finito in casa sua portato dai fratelli Matta che tutti credevano gemelli anche se non lo erano.
Lei, pur senza avere più di sedici anni, ci stava asserragliata, in quel periodo con un braccio ingessato, amministrandone gli spazi come quelli di un salotto del Fauburg St. Germain durante il Secondo Impero.
Virginia
E la sua bellezza pareva anch’essa d’altri tempi, incantevole ma datata, impegnativa.
Ma se nel corpo echeggiava figure proustiane la sua spregiudicatezza, perlomeno verbale, speculativa, apparteneva a tempi di là da venire.
Credetti di innamorarmene e a lei accadde altrettanto. Non era difficile per due figure già in esilio nel proprio stesso mondo, non ancora diciottenni, confondere certe affinità con l’amore.
I pomeriggi invernali, nel salone di corso Duca degli Abruzzi, erano confortevoli ma pieni di trappole.
Lei si accoccolava su un divanetto protetto in una nicchia della parete e lì mi accoglieva, calciando via i mocassini e compiacendosi per quella perenne atmosfera di ricevimento informale che aleggiava attorno.
Non ricordo di altre ragazze, ma andavano e venivano Carlo Buzzi, Gustavo De Pas e gli amici del fratello, in particolare due: Simone Maggiora e Alain Elkan.
Diversissimi tra loro ma affratellati dal sussiego, inconsapevolmente caricaturali. Simone con una gran testa di capelli crespi e biondicci, una bocca piena di denti che sembravano cacciati dentro alla rinfusa e in sovrannumero, e una fiducia illimitata nel proprio talento pianistico. Alain esile, occhialuto, con la cadenza verbale blesa del cicisbeo, concentrato in modo maniacale sui propri programmi di conseguimento del successo, che poi, con successo, è riuscito a perseguire.
Diversissimi tra loro ma affratellati dal sussiego, inconsapevolmente caricaturali. Simone con una gran testa di capelli crespi e biondicci, una bocca piena di denti che sembravano cacciati dentro alla rinfusa e in sovrannumero, e una fiducia illimitata nel proprio talento pianistico. Alain esile, occhialuto, con la cadenza verbale blesa del cicisbeo, concentrato in modo maniacale sui propri programmi di conseguimento del successo, che poi, con successo, è riuscito a perseguire.
I loro arrivi inaspettati mutilavano regolarmente le mie manovre sul divano nella nicchia.
Virginia sollecitava l’impressione di essere pronta e disponibile ad arrivare fino in fondo, ma in realtà giochicchiava sul bordo, forse appagata da quelle estenuanti tergiversazioni erotiche, dalle sospensioni dettate dall’immancabile arrivo di ospiti, dal misurare la sua intima padronanza con i miei affanni maldestri.
Simone, scarmigliato dietro il pianoforte a coda, componeva la colonna sonora di un film che lui e Alain intendevano scrivere, realizzare e con il quale, ovviamente, raggiungere una celebrità sovranazionale. Perché partissero dalla colonna sonora non era chiaro, ma - per me che di cinema non sapevo nulla, che ancora entravo in sala a film ampiamente iniziato secondo un’inveterata abitudine acquisita nell’infanzia - neppure significativo.
Non ascoltavo i loro discorsi, non mi erano simpatici ma non mi ispiravano una vera e propria ostilità se non quando interferivano con i miei progetti sessuali con Virginia.
E’ curioso che pochi mesi dopo tentassi anch’io, col Giovane Holden, la carta del “facciamo un film”, con le stesse abissali incompetenze e la stessa incongruente presunzione di quei due.
La stagione d’amore con Virginia fu breve, accoccolata in una coda d’inverno piovoso. Con l’arrivo della primavera i pomeriggi nel salone di corso Duca improvvisamente mi parvero interminabili.
Abbandonai definitivamente il campo dopo un pranzo a cui ero stato invitato dalla madre.
L’educazione borghese cui si veniva sottoposti allora presupponeva una buona padronanza del galateo. Sapevo come impugnare le posate, quando come e se sedermi o alzarmi, sostenere – malgrado la timidezza – una conversazione che compiacesse il mondo adulto senza insospettirlo, ma l’applicazione di queste competenze quel giorno mi parve estenuante.
Volevo scorazzare in motorino con gli amici, essere stupido e sguaiato, riprendere il mio posto sui sedili felpati dell’Appia terza serie che Carlo Boggio Marzet si era comprata usata e che guidava senza patente.
Avrei poi avuto nostalgia di Virginia, ma quel giorno uscii dalla sua casa consapevole che non ci sarei più tornato.
I fratelli Matta ebbero a quel punto a che fare con la mia conoscenza di Chita.
Enrica Severini detta Chita era più adatta alla primavera.
Come Virginia viveva, con un fratello più grande e una madre vedova, in una grande casa elegante di corso Galileo Ferraris, a poca distanza da quella di Virginia, ma le analogie finivano lì.
Chita era bionda, allegra, cameratesca.
Ci si baciava in una grande stanza seminterrata che era il suo rifugio, accoccolati in un’ampia e un po’ sfondata poltrona scozzese, ma non c’erano affanni ad andare oltre. Lei metteva su un disco, ballavamo, si rideva, era come un amico.
Chita Severini
Ci si baciava in una grande stanza seminterrata che era il suo rifugio, accoccolati in un’ampia e un po’ sfondata poltrona scozzese, ma non c’erano affanni ad andare oltre. Lei metteva su un disco, ballavamo, si rideva, era come un amico.
Chita
Mi piaceva sentirla seduta dietro di me, sul Sei Giorni: immaginavo i suoi capelli turbinare alle nostre spalle come la coda di un Palomino.
Poi Loredana Bragotti, davanti a Platti, mi rivolse un inatteso gesto d’attenzione.
Lei, con poche altre, rappresentava il vertice della femminilità ambita in quel mondo piccino che a noi pareva tutto il mondo.
Loredana Bragotti
In genere la maggior parte delle ragazze di quel gruppo ricopriva un ruolo evanescente, che consisteva essenzialmente nell’organizzare feste nelle ville in collina, aprire le piscine di casa con la fine delle scuole, tenersi in disparte.
E poi c’erano quelle poche che parevano potersi permettere di stare alla pari con i maschi. Tra loro la più carina era Loredana.
Corteggiata, apprezzata dalla frangia più elitaria, costituita da ragazzi grandi che facevano a gara per ospitarla sulle loro Triumph, MG, Austin Healey, non saprò mai perché, e non ricordo come, accettò la mia corte maldestra e prese posto sulla sella della Sei Giorni, senza curarsi del fatto che a volte ci lasciasse a piedi.
Persino le sue amiche sembravano sconcertate, seppure con discrezione.
Loredana e Pit in una foto pubblicitaria
per i neonati Ciao e Lui.
Loredana aveva un paio d’anni più di me, godeva di una libertà che io neppure potevo sognarmi, non era vincolata da impegni scolastici, viveva in una casa di corso Galileo Ferraris con un fratello più grande e una madre sola. Come Virginia e Chita.
E mi stupisco a riflettere, solo ora che ne scrivo - a distanza di più di trentacinque anni – sul fatto che quelle tre adolescenti entrate una dopo l’altra, nell’arco di pochi mesi, nel mio mondo emotivo, fino a connotare indelebilmente il mio modo di intendere e intraprendere e subire l’amore, vivessero allora, senza conoscersi, se non forse di nome, ad una distanza che, in linea d’aria, superava di poco un tiro di fionda.
Che quelle tre ragazze, che oggi hanno superato la mezza età, che non è improbabile che siano già nonne ma che per me stanno ancora guardando alla vita con gli occhi d’allora, avessero già perso il padre. Avessero già fatto i conti con un dolore senza rimedio, e tutte e tre avessero un fratello più grande e un po’ assente e una madre dura, capace di tenere la posizione in quel quadrato elitario del quartiere più esclusivo della città, con i mobili antichi nella penombra delle abath-jours, i tappeti persiani che felpavano i passi o evocavano quelli di un uomo che non c’era più, che un mistero indecente aveva sottratto al loro bisogno di sentirsi figlie. Tre orfane. Tre amori a cui oggi credo che finirei forse col chiedere scusa, chissà perché. Anche se c’è sempre un perché.
Insomma, Bragotti.
Così la chiamavo parlando di lei, in una specie d’accettazione inconscia del mio esserle subalterno.
Con l’arrivo dell’estate partì con la madre per la Riviera.
La raggiunsi qualche tempo dopo a Ospedaletti, per un paio di giorni, in compagnia di Augusto, un tipo simpatico, piuttosto ansioso, sulla sua cinquecento gialla.
La seconda sera, in una baleretta che si atteggiava a discoteca, non lontana dalla spiaggia, io e lei esagerammo con i Tom Collins.
Augusto fungeva da preoccupato chaperon, intrattenendo una cugina di Loredana, scandalizzata dal nostro comportamento.
Pomiciammo senza freni su un divanetto addossato ad una parete rivestita di canne, in semioscurità.
B. indossava dei pantaloni bianchi a vita bassa e una camicia annodata sotto il seno, in stile Saint Tropez.
Potevo vagare in libertà su quell’ampia ed eccitantissima porzione di nudità, che mi faceva girare la testa quanto i Tom Collins.
Il fatto che lei non solo mi lasciasse fare, ma addirittura inarcasse le reni mugolando, in un impensabile atteggiamento d’offerta un poco mi metteva in apprensione, ma l’alcool e la tempesta ormonale ebbero il sopravvento e ci spinsero fino alla spiaggia.
Qui tutto si consumò rapidamente e miseramente.
Io, sopra di lei, mi dibattei freneticamente in una confusa simulazione di coito ed eiaculai nei pantaloni, per poi addormentarmi all’istante.
Il sonno, più simile ad una forma di svenimento, non durò che pochi minuti.
Al mio risveglio Bragotti sedeva accanto a me, con le gambe raccolte e le ginocchia sotto il mento. Muta e furiosa. Non ricordo esattamente cosa mi rinfacciò, ma mi pare fosse indistinguibile l’accusa d’averle usato violenza da quella di non essere stato capace di usargliela.
Io ero innamoratissimo di lei, non più ubriaco come prima ma certo non sobrio, ancora ottenebrato dal piacere esplosivo e precipitoso di quell’orgasmo tapino.
Trovarmela accanto a fissare la linea bianca dell’onda che spumeggiava nell’oscurità mentre le sue parole mi muovevano accuse impietose mi mise alle corde.
Feci l’unica cosa che mi pareva sufficientemente significativa perché lei capisse.
Mi tuffai in mare completamente vestito e nuotai a bracciate furiose nell’oscurità, singhiozzando.
Era una cosa stupida e patetica, ma la presero tutti sul serio.
Augusto, che mi pare non sapesse nuotare, entrò nell’acqua fino alle ginocchia chiamandomi a gran voce, Bragotti si tuffò anche lei.
Io non avevo annunciato nessun proposito, mi ero buttato e basta, ma l’insieme aveva assunto una sua connotazione melodrammatica che conferiva al mio gesto una vaga intenzione suicida. Persino la cugina pareva impressionata.
Tornai a riva sfiatato. Mi trascinarono sulla sabbia. Non so come io e Augusto si sia rientrati, bagnati fradici, alla pensione dove alloggiavamo. Lui mi teneva d’occhio con un misto d’apprensione e ammirazione.
Il giorno successivo restammo un poco con le ragazze.
Seduti su certi scogli sul mare, a far finta di nulla.
Bragotti indossava dei pantaloni rosa e delle Saxone nere, senza calze.
Per camminare sulla roccia se le era tolte, ed è curioso come di quei momenti inutili d’attesa mi siano rimasti impressi nella memoria soprattutto i segni che i mocassini le avevano lasciato sui piedi, stingendo un poco sui talloni.
Io e Augusto tornammo in città.
Trascorse l’estate e a settembre le telefonai per sentirmi dire che tra noi era finita.
Avrei dovuto essere preparato a qualcosa del genere, ma in realtà non lo
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A simple request, right? Without the assistance of the VP (who was taking some comp time), I delved into my references. Hah. The expression has been in use since the late 1700s, but here's the rub. There are a number of possibilities for its origin.
I'll list several; take your pick.
No. 1: English children learning to write their alphabet were told to "mind their p's and q's" so as not to reverse the loops on the letters and make the p's look like q's and vice versa. This begs the question, "What about b's and d's?"
No. 2: A similar theory addresses the issue with apprentice printers who must choose between the two types while viewing them upside down. Oops, the reverse of a p isn't a q, it's a d.
No. 3: British tavernkeepers served up their ales in pints and quarts and were cautioned when computing a nightly beer bill not to confuse their pints and quarts (as if the imbiber could remember).
No. 4: In the 17th and 18th centuries, young gentlemen frequently wore their hair in queues. French dancing masters instructing their charges in the intricacies of the minuet told the dancers to "mind their pieds and queues" (feet and pigtails) to avoid loss of balance and to keep the hair from bobbing over the head.
No. 5: Men of that day wore "pea coats" so now the phrase could have come from the wives admonishing their men to avoid soiling the jacket from the grease or flour on the queue or pigtail.
Whew! There you have a few of the most reasonable explanations. Pick your favorite.
Personally, I lean toward the English pub keepers origin, especially after serving the dinner group.
- Yevgeny Zamyatin offered an outlook for us: "A human being is like a novel: until the last page you don't know how it will end. Or it wouldn't be worth reading."
- Check your Carfax carefully. The 1982 film "The Junkman" featured the most destructive car chase ever filmed; 150 cars lost their lives.
- The rest just didn't make the cut. Only 50 species of the known 80,000 species of plants are cultivated regularly.
- One of our California resort neighbors will attest to this, 40 percent of car theft victims left their keys in the ignition. He left the keys in the ignition of his golf cart while retrieving his mail from the office. A woman hopped in and drove the cart out of the gated complex.
- For those organizations that have fixed hours, here are the top five reasons for being late to work: traffic, oversleeping, procrastination, household chores and car problems.
- Darn, missed by a year (late). A survey from 2005 found that the average American kid receives his or her first romantic kiss at the tender age of 14.
Jim Willard, a Loveland resident since 1967, retired from Hewlett-Packard after 33 years to focus on less trivial things. He calls Twoey, his bichon frisé-Maltese dog, vice president of research for his column.Click on a thumbnail to go to Google Books.
A History of Christianity (1995)
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Amazon.com Product Description (ISBN 0312138075, Hardcover)A beautifully illustrated history of the Christian faith discusses its origins as a Jewish sect, spread throughout the world, monasticism, the turmoil of the Reformation, the faith's artistic and cultural expression, and the changing role of the Church in the community.
(retrieved from Amazon Mon, 30 Sep 2013 14:02:46 -0400)
Presents a history of the Christian faith, from its beginning as a Jewish sect to the impact of twentieth-century issues such as birth control, Muslim fundamentalism, and Nazi racism.
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Become a LibraryThing Author.Gastrin Terimi Hakkında Bilgiler
Biyoloji Terimi Olarak Gastrin:
Mide özsuyunun salgılanmasını uyaran ve mideden salgılanan bir peptit hormonu.
Fen Bilimleri Terimi Olarak Gastrin:
Mide suyunun salgılanmasını uyaran ve mideden salgılanan bir peptit hormonu.
Benzer Biyoloji Terimleri:
Eşik Sinyali: Bir sinir hücresinde uyarının zarda değişiklik yapması için gereken minimum potansiyel farkı.
Dermis: Omurgalı hayvanlarda derinin alt tabakasına verilen ad.
Poligen: Aynı ırkı eklemeli olarak etkileyen iki ya da daha çok gen çifti.
Homozigot (Arı döl): 1-Yavruda karakteri oluşturan 2 geninde aynı şekil ve özellikte olmasıdır. (AA, aa, BB, bb...) 2-Homolog kromozomların karşılıklı lokuslarında beli
Epitel doku: Hayvanlarda organizmanın vücut dışını, iç organların içini ve vücut boşluklarını astarlayan doku.
Kolloblast: Ktenoforlar'da avı yakalamak için kullanılan yapışkan hücre.
Miyopluk: Göz yuvarlağının görme ekseni boyunca uzaması sonucu oluşur. Görüntü ağ tabakanın önünde oluşur. Bu durumda yakındaki cisimler net görünür ama uzaktak
Parturisyon: Çocuk doğurma olayı.What do we learn from communication?
Studying Communication can improve how we see others as communication is the way we meet others, develop and manage relationships and work effectively with others. Studying Communication develops important life skills. critical thinking, problem solving, conflict resolution, team building, public speaking.
What do you learn in interpersonal communication class?
Courses in Interpersonal Communication offer insight into: how to become a better listener, how to work effectively in small groups, how to build, maintain, and even end relationships in a healthy and productive manner, among many others.
What are 5 interpersonal skills?
Interpersonal Skillsverbal communication,non-verbal communication,listening skills,negotiation,problem solving,decision-making,assertiveness,patience,
What are 4 interpersonal skills?
Most interpersonal skills can be grouped under one of four main forms of communication: verbal, listening, written and non-verbal communication. Some skills such as recognition of stress and attitude are important to all forms of interpersonal communication.Il Vaticano indignato con Obama: "Sull’aborto fatta la peggior scelta"25 Gennaio 2009 - 08:55
La reintroduzione delle sovvenzioni governative alle interruzioni volontarie di gravidanza criticata all’unisono dalla Santa Sede e dai vescovi americani
Il Vaticano non ha gradito, i movimenti cristiani del partito repubblicano nemmeno e Obama si è trovato per la prima volta sotto il fuoco incrociato delle critiche, su un tema molto delicato, quello dell'aborto.
I fatti, innanzitutto: come ampiamente annunciato il presidente degli Stati Uniti ha revocato la legge che vieta di finanziare le Organizzazioni non governative impegnate nella pianificazione personale, che prevedano l'aborto tra le misure per il controllo delle nascite. La volle Reagan negli anni Ottanta, Bush padre la confermò, Clinton appena vinte le elezioni la revocò, Bush junior la reintrodusse e ora Obama l'ha abrogata. Insomma, è un simbolo che viene usato da ogni presidente per galvanizzare le basi dei rispettivi partiti, fermamente contraria all'interruzione della gravidanza quella repubblicana, decisamente favorevole quella democratica.
Barack ha rispettato la tradizione, ma probabilmente non si aspettava la durissima reazione della Santa sede. «Tra le tante cose buone che poteva fare, Barack Obama ha scelto la peggiore», quella di non fermare «la strage di innocenti» nel mondo, ha dichiarato nella notte il presidente emerito della Pontificia accademia della vita, mons. Elio Sgreccia.
Poche ore dopo l'Osservatore romano ha pubblicato un commento in prima pagina in cui giudica «molto deludente la decisione» e, ricordando la posizione dei vescovi statunitensi, la bolla come «un errore sulla strada della difesa della vita umana e della dignità di ogni persona».
Obama è un cristiano e in campagna elettorale era stato molto prudente sul tema, ma evidentemente non ha potuto, e probabilmente nemmeno voluto, sottrarsi alle pressioni dei militanti. Nella dichiarazione che ha rilasciato subito dopo aver firmato il decreto di abrogazione della norma, nota con il nome di Mexico Policy Act, proclama che è «giunto il momento di smettere di politicizzare questo argomento». I vincoli erano «ingiustificatamente ampi e negli ultimi otto anni hanno minato gli sforzi di promuovere una pianificazione famigliare sicura ed efficace nel Paesi in via di sviluppo». «Per troppo tempo l'assistenza internazionale della pianificazione familiare è stata usata come un tema politico - ha proseguito - che è servito solo a dividerci. Non ho intenzione di continuare questo dibattito stantio e infruttuoso».
Il capo della Casa Bianca è persuaso di poter elaborare una politica bipartisan e di poter promuovere riforme adeguate per ridurre le gravidanze indesiderate. Ma è molto difficile che il suo appello venga accolto. Un'associazione cattolica molto vicina ai repubblicani, CatholicVote.org, ha reagito pubblicando su You Tube un video di 40 secondi di grande effetto, in cui lo stesso Obama è usato come testimonial per il diritto alla vita. Inizia mostrando un feto durante un'ecografia. «Il futuro di questo bambino - è la scritta che appare sullo schermo - è una casa a pezzi. Sarà abbandonato da suo padre. La sua mamma single avrà vita dura a crescerlo». Il feto aumenta di dimensioni e alla fine appare la foto di Obama in trionfo dopo le elezioni: «Nonostante tutte le difficoltà a cui andrà incontro - afferma il messaggio - questo bambino diverrà il primo presidente afroamericano». In poche ore il video è stato visto da mezzo milione di persone. Emozionate, indignate. E determinate a resistere.
http://blog.ilgiornale.it/foaNinive era una città molto grande, larga tre giornate di cammino
Tre giornate di cammino, in un periodo dove il principale mezzo personale di locomozione erano i piedi doveva dare l'impressione di una città sterminata, una Los Angeles dell'epoca. Almeno 15 km giorno, significa un'estensione di almeno 45 km. Eccessivo.
Cercando in wikipedia Ninive, ho scoperto che Ninive era la capitale degli assiri, e nel periodo degli scritti di Giona, era al suo massimo splendore con mura di 12 km e territorio di 750 ettari.I popoli extra-europei (con gli americani in primis) hanno una visione della storia profondamente diversa da noi, me ne rendo conto spesso non solo dai videogames ma anche leggendo saggi o guardano qualche documentario storico sui canali satellitari.
C'è come una sorta di mercificazione che a me da un po' fastidio, si tende a privilegiare l'aspetto dinamico degli eventi storici (guerre, conflitti, gesta di grandi personalità) a scapito della parte riflessiva ed educativa che le vicende storiche dovrebbero avere su di noi, riducendo il tutto a prevedibili sceneggiature.
A titolo di esempio io credo che la detonazione atomica di Hiroshima entra nella storia non perché apre una nuovo ordine tecnologico e mondiale, ma perché è un monito alla follia umana.
Credo che la Persia in quanto entità storica meritasse qualcosa in più che babbucce e turbanti, una scimitarra e due palme incrociate, anche se si tratta solo di un gioco.به گزارش گروه بینالملل پایگاه خبری رکساپ به نقل از رویترز، مقامات ویتنامی از شناسایی گونه جدید و خطرناکی از ویروس کرونا که ترکیبی از گونه هندی و بریتانیایی کووید-۱۹ است و به سادگی در هوا منتشر می شود خبر دادند.
پس از کنترل موفقیت آمیز ویروس در اکثر سال گذشته، ویتنام درگیر شیوع این ویروس از آوریل گذشته است که نیمی از ۶۸۵۶ مورد ثبت شده مربوط به این بازه زمانی است. تاکنون ویروس مرگبار کرونا جان ۴۷ نفر را در این کشور گرفته است.
انگوین تان، وزیر بهداشت ویتنام با بیان اینکه ویروس جدید ترکیبی از دو گونه شناخته شده است گفت: در ویتنام گونه جدیدی از کووید-۱۹ را شناسایی کرده که ترکیبی از ویژگیهای دو گونه موجود که اولین بار در هند و بریتانیا شناسایی شده در ویتنام مشاهده شده است.
او در یک جلسه دولتی گفت: گونه جدید یک ویروس هندی با تغییراتی است که ریشه آن مربوط به کرونای انگلیسی است و بسیار خطرناک است.
هرچند کشورهای مختلف در تلاش برای مهار ویروس کرونا هستند و با تولید واکسن انتظار می رود سرعت انتشار این ویروس رفته رفته کاهش پیدا کند اما یکی از نگرانی های کارشناسان بهداشتی مربوط به گونه های چهش یافته کرونا است؛ اتفاقی که این بار در ویتنام رخ داده و باید منتظر کارایی و اثربخشی واکسن های کرونا در برابر آن بود.
پایان خبر/Diyabetli vajinadaki kaşıntıyı gidermek için krem
Genellikle bir fitil ve bir krem reçete edilmektedir. · Vajinal kandidiyazis tedavisinde; en etkin tedavi intra vajinal krem ya da supozituvar olarak imidazolün (mikanazol, klotrimazol, butokanozol, tiokanozol vb) veya triazollerin (terkonazol) birVücudunuzun herhangi bir yerinde oluşan bu problem; stres, mantar, alerji, diyabet, kanser, böcek sokmaları, kan hastalıkları ve ya ilaçların yan etkisi Vajina kaşıntısı genital bölgedeki rahatsız edici şikayetlerden biridir. Ağır mantar enfeksiyonlarda ağızdan alınan kapsüllerde tedaviye eklenir. Vajinal mantar krem tedavisi çoğu zaman gün içindeBasit mantar enfeksiyonları (vajina kaşıntısı ilaç ve krem) için, doktorunuz genellikle 1 ila 3 günlük bir antifungal krem, merhem, kapsül ve fitil reçete edecektir. Vajina kaşıntısına yol açan Feb 7, Bu arada, iltihabı azaltmak ve rahatsızlığı hafifletmek için steroid kremleri veya losyonları uygulayabilirsiniz. Bununla birlikte, bu kremleri Vajinal mantar enfeksiyonu çoğu zaman vajinal kaşıntı, kızarıklık ve yanma batma hissine sebep olur. Israrcı mantar enfeksiyonlarda Kaşıntının vajinal mantar dahil birçok nedeni vardır.
Durum daha da kötüleşmeden bu semptomlarla mücadele etmek için aşağıda bahsedeceğimiz yöntemleri comitatocentroadda.itdaki Kaşıntıyı Azaltmak İçin 5 Doğal Tedavi · Menopoz kaynaklı yanma ve kaşıntılar östrojen kremi, tableti veya vajinal yüzük takımı ile tedavi edilir. Bu arada, iltihabı azaltmak ve rahatsızlığı hafifletmek için steroid kremleri veya losyonları uygulayabilirsiniz Eğer vajinal yanma için geleneksel tedavi formlarını seçerseniz, tedavinin yan etkilerinin farkında olmanızı öneririm · Menopozla ilişkili kaşıntı, östrojen kremi, tabletler veya vajinal halka parçası ile tedavi edilebilir. Fazla akıntı veya kuruluktan muzdarip misiniz? Diğer vajinal kaşıntı ve iritasyon türleri genellikle kendi başına berraktır. Diğer sebepler için steroid krem ve losyonlar inflamasyonları azaltmak için kullanılırlar. Genital bölgenizde can sıkıcı bir kaşıntı hissediyor musunuz?Genellikle belirtilerin hafifletilmesi veya ortadan Bunlar kremler, merhemler veya haplar dahil olmak üzere çeşitli formlarda gelir Apr 1, Jinekoloğa gelene kadar vajinal mantar ya da enfeksiyona bağlı kaşıntılarda vajen asiditesini arttırmaya yönelik sirkeli su ile yıkama Sep 25, Vajinal Kremler: Vajinal mantar kremleri en sık başvurulan tedavi yöntemlerinden biridir. Hastaların vajina kaşıntısı probleminden kurtulması için özel olarak formüle edilen vajinal kremler kullanılabilir. Bu kremler mutlaka doktor tarafından Doktorunuz vajinal mantar enfeksiyonlarını antifungal ilaçlarla tedavi edebilir.9- Probiyotik Gıdalar. Ketoral % 2 40 Gr Krem. Aloe Vera ve E Vitamini. Bu durum vajina ve bağırsak sağlığı için önemli vajinadaki kaşıntı için krem, vajinal kaşıntı ve mantar ile ilgili bilgilerin yer aldığı Detaylar için TIKLAYIN comitatocentroadda.it Vajinada kaşıntı için krem Vajinal mantar kremi mantar enfeksiyonu oluşan bölgeye uygulanarak rahatlama sağlar tüp şeklinde eczanelerde satılır. Pruzon Krem. Vajinal Kaşıntı İlaç İsimleri Kaşıntıyı azaltır ve rahatlatır. Probiyotik içeren gıdalar tüketmek vajinadaki ve bağırsaklardaki sağlıklı bakterilerin gelişimini sağlar. Aloe vera ve E vitamini ile yapılan doğal bir krem, özel bölgenizi nemlendirmeye ve aşırı kuruluktan kaynaklanan kaşıntıyı azaltmaya yardımcı olur. Aloe Vera ve E Vitamini. Vajinada mantar tedavileri bilindiği gibi oral bölgede hap veya fitil olarak kullanılır Aloe vera jelini E vitamini ile karıştırın. Vajinal Kaşıntı Kremi İsimleri. Aloe vera jelini E vitamini ile karıştırın. Feb 24, · 5. Gyno-trosyd Vajinal Krem. Kortizon kremi asla vajina içine uygulanmamalı ancak tüylerin olduğu dış bölgelere uygulanabilir. Zalain %2 20 Gr Krem. Bu karışımı vajinanın dış kısmına sürün ve rahatsızlık hissettiğiniz bölgelere nazikçe masaj Kaşınt
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ıklarında bir alt makamdaki hâlleri için istiğfar ederler. Hazreti Peygamber (asm)'in günde yüz defa tövbe etmesini tasavvuf âlimleri, onun manevi terakkisi ile bir önceki makamını kâfi görmeyip, tövbe ve istiğfar ettiğini ifade etmişlerdir.
Gafletin çok dereceleri var, küfür mutlak bir gaflet olduğu gibi ibadetlerdeki noksanlıklar da bir gaflettir. Bu yüzden gaflet sadece küfür ve fısk ile sınırlı değildir. Marifetin zirvesinde olan asfiyalar bile gafletten şikâyet edip o hâllerine tövbe etmişler.
Hatta Allah’ın kemalini hakkıyla idrak etme noktasında, bütün mahlukat -peygamberler de dâhil- hepsi mutlak bir gaflet içindedir. Nitekim akıl ve marifette en ileri, esma-i ilahiyenin en mükemmel aynası, saltanat-ı ilahiyenin en büyük dellalı olan Habib-i Kibriya Efendimiz (asm.), miraç vasıtasıyla ferşten arşa yükseldi, yedi kat semayı geçerek Sidretü'l-Müntehaya ve kâbe kavseyne, yani imkân ve vücub arası olan ilahi visalin en mahrem bucağına erişti, cenneti ve cehennemi gördü, sonsuz sırlara vakıf oldu, oradaki harika eserleri ve nice âlemleri okudu, buna rağmen “Subhâneke maarefnake hakkamarifetike ya maruf” / "Seni noksan sıfatlardan tenzih ederim. Ben seni tam bir marifetle bilemedim." diyerek acziyetini ifade etti.
Selam ve dua ile...
Sorularla Risale EditörüIt's called bump shift because rather than shifting smoothly down through the gears as you roll to a stop, one of the lower gears engages harshly. Rather than a normal downshift, it almost feels like someone has lightly bumped the back of your car.
The gear ratio
of a gear train, also known as its speed ratio
, is the ratio of the angular velocity of the input gear to the angular velocity of the output gear. The gear ratio can be calculated directly from the numbers of teeth on the gears in the gear train. The torque ratio of the gear train, also known as its mechanical advantage, is determined by the gear ratio. The speed ratio and mechanical advantage are defined so they yield the same number in an ideal linkage.
In a gear train, the input gear
, or drive gear
, transmits power to the output gear
, also known as the driven gear
. The input gear, which is usually connected to a power source, such as a motor or engine, transmits power through any other gears that may be in the gear train to the output gear.
The simplest gear train is a pair of meshing gears in which the input gear drives the output gear. The gear teeth are designed so that the pitch circles of the two gears roll on each other without slipping. The velocity, represented by v
, of the points of contact of the two pitch circles are the same. If the input gear GA
has the radius rA
and angular velocity
, and meshes with output gear GB
of radius rB
and angular velocity
The number of teeth on a gear is proportional to the radius of its pitch circle, which means that the ratios of the gears' angular velocities, radii, and number of teeth are equal. Where NA
is the number of teeth on the input gear and NB
is the number of teeth on the output gear, the following equation is formed:
This shows that a simple gear train with two gears has the gear ratio R
This equation shows that if the number of teeth on the output gear GB
is larger than the number of teeth on the input gear GA
, then the input gear GA
must rotate faster than the output gear GB
The teeth of a gear are distributed on the circumference of the pitch circle so that the thickness of each tooth t
and the space between two teeth are the same. The pitch p
of a gear, which is the distance between the equivalent points on two teeth, is equal to twice the thickness of a tooth,
The pitch of a gear GA
can be computed from the number of teeth NA
and the radius rA
of its pitch circle
In order to mesh smoothly two gears GA
must have the same sized teeth and therefore they must have the same pitch p
, which means
This equation shows that the ratio of the circumference, the diameters and the radii of two meshing gears is equal to the ratio of their number of teeth,
The speed ratio of two gears rolling without slipping on their pitch circles is given by,
In other words, the gear ratio, or speed ratio, is inversely proportional to ratio of the radii of the pitch circles and the number of teeth of the two gears.
A gear train can be analyzed using the principle of virtual work to show that its torque ratio, which is the ratio of its output torque to its input torque, is equal to the gear ratio, or speed ratio, of the gear train.
This means that the input torque TA
applied to the input gear GA
and the output torque TB" on the output gear
GB are related by the ratio
is the gear ratio of the gear train.
The torque ratio of a gear train is also known as its mechanical advantage, thus
In a sequence of gears chained together, the ratio depends only on the number of teeth on the first and last gear. The intermediate gears, regardless of their size, do not alter the overall gear ratio of the chain. However, the addition of each intermediate gear reverses the direction of rotation of the final gear.
An intermediate gear which does not drive a shaft to perform any work is called an idler gear. Sometimes, a single idler gear is used to reverse the direction, in which case it may be referred to as a reverse idler
. For instance, the typical automobile manual transmission engages reverse gear by means of inserting a reverse idler between two gears.
Idler gears can also transmit rotation among distant shafts in situations where it would be impractical to simply make the distant gears larger to bring them together. Not only do larger gears occupy more space, the mass and rotational inertia (moment of inertia) of a gear is proportional to the square of its radius. Instead of idler gears, a toothed belt or chain can be used to transmit torque over distance.
If a simple gear train has three gears, such that the input gear GA
meshes with an intermediate gear GI
which in turn meshes with the output gear GB
, then the pitch circle of the intermediate gear rolls without slipping on both the pitch circles of the input and output gears. This yields the two relations
The speed ratio of this gear train is obtained by multiplying these two equations to obtain
Notice that this gear ratio is exactly the same as for the case when the gears GA
engaged directly. The intermediate gear provides spacing but does not affect the gear ratio. For this reason it is called an idler
gear. The same gear ratio is obtained for a sequence of idler gears and hence an idler gear is used to provide the same direction to rotate the driver and driven gear, if the driver gear moves in clockwise direction, then the driven gear also moves in the clockwise direction with the help of the idler gear.
Assuming that in the photo the smallest gear is connected to the motor, it is the driver gear. The somewhat larger gear on the upper left is called an idler gear. It is not connected directly to either the motor or the output shaft and only transmits power between the input and output gears. There is a third gear in the upper-right corner of the photo. Assuming that that gear is connected to the machine's output shaft, it is the output or driven gear.
The input gear in this gear train has 13 teeth and the idler gear has 21 teeth. Considering only these gears, the gear ratio between the idler and the input gear can be calculated as if the idler gear was the output gear. Therefore, the gear ratio is driven/driver = 21/13 = ~1.62 or 1.62:1.
This ratio means that the driver gear must make 1.62 revolutions to turn the driven gear once. It also means that for every one revolution of the driver, the driven gear has made 1/1.62, or 0.62, revolutions. Essentially, the larger gear turns more slowly.
The third gear in the picture has 42 teeth. The gear ratio between the idler and third gear is thus 42/21, or 2:1, and hence the final gear ratio is 1.62x2=~3.23. For every 3.23 revolutions of the smallest gear, the largest gear turns one revolution, or for every one revolution of the smallest gear, the largest gear turns 0.31 (1/3.23) revolution, a total reduction of about 1:3.23 (Gear Reduction Ratio (GRR) = 1/Gear Ratio (GR)).
Since the idler gear contacts directly both the smaller and the larger gear, it can be removed from the calculation, also giving a ratio of 42/13 = ~3.23.
Belts can have teeth in them also and be coupled to gear-like pulleys. Special gears called sprockets can be coupled together with chains, as on bicycles and some motorcycles. Again, exact accounting of teeth and revolutions can be applied with these machines.
For example, a belt with teeth, called the timing belt, is used in some internal combustion engines to synchronize the movement of the camshaft with that of the crankshaft, so that the valves open and close at the top of each cylinder at exactly the right time relative to the movement of each piston. A chain, called a timing chain, is used on some automobiles for this purpose, while in others, the camshaft and crankshaft are coupled directly together through meshed gears. Regardless of which form of drive is employed, the crankshaft to camshaft gear ratio is always 2:1 on four-stroke engines, which means that for every two revolutions of the crankshaft the camshaft will rotate once.
Automobile drivetrains generally have two or more major areas where gearing is used. Gearing is employed in the transmission, which contains a number of different sets of gears that can be changed to allow a wide range of vehicle speeds, and also in the differential, which contains the final drive to provide further speed reduction at the wheels. In addition, the differential contains further gearing that splits torque equally between the two wheels while permitting them to have different speeds when travelling in a curved path. The transmission and final drive might be separate and connected by a driveshaft, or they might be combined into one unit called a transaxle. The gear ratios in transmission and final drive are important because different gear ratios will change the characteristics of a vehicle's performance.]
A 2004 Chevrolet Corvette C5 Z06 with a six-speed manual transmission has the following gear ratios in the transmission:
In 1st gear, the engine makes 2.97 revolutions for every revolution of the transmission’s output. In 4th gear, the gear ratio of 1:1 means that the engine and the transmission's output rotate at the same speed. 5th and 6th gears are known as overdrive gears, in which the output of the transmission is revolving faster than the engine's output.
The Corvette above has a differential ratio of 3.42:1, meaning that for every 3.42 revolutions of the transmission’s output, the wheels make one revolution. The differential ratio multiplies with the transmission ratio, so in 1st gear, the engine makes 10.16 revolutions for every revolution of the wheels.
The car’s tires can almost be thought of as a third type of gearing. This car is equipped with 295/35-18 tires, which have a circumference of 82.1 inches. This means that for every complete revolution of the wheel, the car travels 82.1 inches (209 cm). If the Corvette had larger tires, it would travel farther with each revolution of the wheel, which would be like a higher gear. If the car had smaller tires, it would be like a lower gear.
With the gear ratios of the transmission and differential, and the size of the tires, it becomes possible to calculate the speed of the car for a particular gear at a particular engine RPM.
For example, it is possible to determine the distance the car will travel for one revolution of the engine by dividing the circumference of the tire by the combined gear ratio of the transmission and differential.
It is also possible to determine a car's speed from the engine speed by multiplying the circumference of the tire by the engine speed and dividing by the combined gear ratio.
A close-ratio transmission is a transmission in which there is a relatively little difference between the gear ratios of the gears. For example, a transmission with an engine shaft to drive shaft ratio of 4:1 in first gear and 2:1 in second gear would be considered wide-ratio when compared to another transmission with a ratio of 4:1 in first and 3:1 in second. This is because the close-ratio transmission has less of a progression between gears. For the wide-ratio transmission, the first gear ratio is 4:1 or 4, and in second gear it is 2:1 or 2, so the progression is equal to 4/2 = 2 (or 200%). For the close-ratio transmission, first gear has a 4:1 ratio or 4, and second gear has a ratio of 3:1 or 3, so the progression between gears is 4/3, or 133%. Since 133% is less than 200%, the transmission with the smaller progression between gears is considered close-ratio. However, the difference between a close-ratio and wide-ratio transmission is subjective and relative.
Close-ratio transmissions are generally offered in sports cars, sport bikes, and especially in race vehicles, where the engine is tuned for maximum power in a narrow range of operating speeds, and the driver or rider can be expected to shift often to keep the engine in its power band.
Factory 4-speed or 5-speed transmission ratios generally have a greater difference between gear ratios and tend to be effective for ordinary driving and moderate performance use. Wider gaps between ratios allow a higher 1st gear ratio for better manners in traffic, but cause engine speed to decrease more when shifting. Narrowing the gaps will increase acceleration at speed, and potentially improve top speed under certain conditions, but acceleration from a stopped position and operation in daily driving will suffer.
is the torque multiplication difference between 1st and 4th gears; wider-ratio gear-sets have more, typically between 2.8 and 3.2. This is the single most important determinant of low-speed acceleration from stopped.
is the reduction or decay in the percentage drop in engine speed in the next gear, for example after shifting from 1st to 2nd gear. Most transmissions have some degree of progression in that the RPM drop on the 1-2 shift is larger than the RPM drop on the 2-3 shift, which is in turn larger than the RPM drop on the 3-4 shift. The progression may not be linear (continuously reduced) or done in proportionate stages for various reasons, including a special need for a gear to reach a specific speed or RPM for passing, racing and so on, or simply economic necessity that the parts were available.
Range and progression are not mutually exclusive, but each limits the number of options for the other. A wide range, which gives a strong torque multiplication in 1st gear for excellent manners in low-speed traffic, especially with a smaller motor, heavy vehicle, or numerically low axle ratio such as 2.50, means that the progression percentages must be high. The amount of engine speed, and therefore power, lost on each up-shift is geater than would be the case in a transmission with less range, but less power in 1st gear. A numerically low 1st gear, such as 2:1, reduces available torque in 1st gear, but allows more choices of progression.
There is no optimal choice of transmission gear ratios or a final drive ratio for best performance at all speeds, as gear ratios are compromises, and not necessarily better than the original ratios for certain purposes.
In modern usage, a torque converter
is generally a type of fluid coupling (but also being able to multiply torque) that is used to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, such as an internal combustion engine or electric motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter normally takes the place of a mechanical clutch in a vehicle with an automatic transmission, allowing the load to be separated from the power source. It is usually located between the engine's flexplate and the transmission.
The key characteristic of a torque converter is its ability to multiply torque when there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed, thus providing the equivalent of a reduction gear. Some of these devices are also equipped with a temporary locking mechanism which rigidly binds the engine to the transmission when their speeds are nearly equal, to avoid slippage and a resulting loss of efficiency.
By far the most common form of torque converter in automobile transmissions is the device described here. However, in the 1920s there was also the pendulum-based Constantinesco torque converter. There are also mechanical designs for continuously variable transmissions and these also have the ability to multiply torque, e.g. the Variomatic with expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
A fluid coupling is a two element drive that is incapable of multiplying torque, while a torque converter has at least one extra element—the stator—which alters the drive's characteristics during periods of high slippage, producing an increase in output torque.
In a torque converter there are at least three rotating elements: the impeller, which is mechanically driven by the prime mover; the turbine, which drives the load; and the stator, which is interposed between the impeller and turbine so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. The classic torque converter design dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under any condition, hence the term stator
. In practice, however, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch, which prevents the stator from counter-rotating with respect to the prime mover but allows forward rotation.
Modifications to the basic three element design have been periodically incorporated, especially in applications where higher than normal torque multiplication is required. Most commonly, these have taken the form of multiple turbines and stators, each set being designed to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. For example, the Buick Dynaflow automatic transmission was a non-shifting design and, under normal conditions, relied solely upon the converter to multiply torque. The Dynaflow used a five element converter to produce the wide range of torque multiplication needed to propel a heavy vehicle.
Although not strictly a part of classic torque converter design, many automotive converters include a lock-up clutch to improve cruising power transmission efficiency and reduce heat.
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Samsara (birth, death, and rebirth). Therefore, they are a symbol of ultimate freedom. (Picture from Samseongam Hermitage in Changnyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do).
Magpie: A magpie is thought to bring good luck. In Hanja, the character for “joyful” is included in this character. Magpie and Tiger paintings were especially popular during the Joseon Dynasty, as they juxtaposed authority and the aristocratic yangban in the form of the tiger with the dignified magpie representing the common man. These paintings are known as Ggachi-Horangi Minhwa. (Picture from inside the Myeongbu-jeon Hall at Tongdosa Temple in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do).
Butterflies: The butterfly is depicted as flying gracefully and with brilliant colours, so the butterfly is meant to symbolize the idea of grace. (Picture from Gwanryongsa Temple in Changnyeong, Gyeongsangnam-do).
C: Byeoljihwa Animals and Fish
White Elephant: White elephants are a sign of good luck, as the Korean pronunciation of the character for elephant (sang) also means “lucky omen.” (Picture from Pyochungsa Temple in Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do).
Tiger: A tiger’s ferocity was believed to be a force for warding off evil spirits. They were also used during New Years pictures and objects. So the tiger is used as a symbol for repelling evil spirits and inviting good fortune. (Picture from the Sanshin-gak Hall at Gakwonsa Temple in Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do).
Fish: Typically, animals are not allowed to grow on temple grounds with the exception of carp/Koi. These fish grow in lotus ponds. As a result, fish are associated with freedom. (Picture from Mireuksa Temple in Geumjeong-gu, Busan).
Turtles: Much like the Dragon Ship of Wisdom, the turtle is believed to transport the dead across Samsara to the Pure Land. (Picture from Bohyeonsa Temple in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do).
Dragons: A dragon is a guardian that wards off evil spirits. Originally, a dragon was a Naga. When the Naga traveled to China, it became a dragon; and thus, the symbolic meaning of the dragon traveled onward to the Korean peninsula. (Picture from Cheongryeonam Hermitage in Geumjeong-gu, Busan).
6. Hare: The hare is depicted as a clever creature. Its smart character allowed it to frustrate the tiger in Korean folktales. Also, it’s considered to be free of evil influences, and its long ears are a sign of long life.
D: Byeoljihwa Guardians and Spirits
Bicheon (Flying Heavenly Deities): Bicheon are heavenly figures that praise the Buddha while flying around in the sky in the rarefied air of the Buddhist heavens. They can either be dancing, playing a musical instrument, or sprinkling flowers. They wear fluttering robes and are typically female. (Picture from Heungbuam Hermitage in Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do).
Kalaviṅka (or “Gareungbinga – 가릉빈가” in Korean): They are a fantastical creature in Buddhism that has a human head and a bird’s body with a long flowing tail. They are said to dwell in the Western Pure Land and teach the Dharma with its beautiful voice. (Picture from Gwaneumsa Temple in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do).
Gwimyeon (Monster Mask): They can have facial hair, whiskers, horns, be crossed eyed, and have large teeth. They can also hold a wisdom pearl, fish, or flowers in their mouth or simply nothing at all. Above all else, they are guardians. If they are alone, their eyes usually only point straight ahead. If they are in a group, they stare in different directions to ward off as many evil spirits as possible. (Picture from Seokbulsa Temple in Buk-gu, Busan).
E: Byeoljihwa Other
Eight Buddhist Treasures: The Eight Buddhist Treasures are the Dharma wheel, conch shell, precious umbrella, white canopy, lotus blossom, precious vase, goldfish, and an endless knot. These items are purportedly at the bottom of the Buddha’s foot. They are all objects of veneration. The Taoist and Buddhist treasures are interchangeably used, pointing towards a simple lack of understanding on the part of the artists. (Picture from Songnimsa Temple in Chilgok, Gyeongsangbuk-do).
Eight Taoist Treasures: The Eight Taoist Treasures are the pearl, lozenge, hand bell, water buffalo horn, brass coin, two books tied, wormwood leaf, and a mirror. Here’s what each symbolizes: The Pearl (beauty); Lozenge (victory over nature); Hand Bell (celebration, happiness); Water buffalo horn (good luck); Brass coin (controlling even spirits); Books (auspiciousness); Leaf (good luck, bountiful farming, and drive away disease).
Manja (Swastika): The Manja is a reference to good luck or auspiciousness. (Picture from Jangansa Temple in Gijang-gun, Busan).
Yin-Yang (Supreme Ultimate): There are two types. There’s the triple comma version, and there’s the dual comma version which appears on the Korean flag. The dual comma version symbolizes the yin and yang force. The two forces are separated in a circle but are dependent upon each other, so they are fused together. They are coloured red and blue. The triple comma version, on the other hand, represents the three powers (heaven, earth, humans) and are coloured red, blue, and yellow. The biggest reason that this symbol appears at Korean temples is that it embraces the belief of the interconnectedness of existence. (Picture from the Bulimun Gate at Tongdosa Temple in Yangsan, Gyeongsangnam-do).
The Five Elements Theory: The Five Elements Theory is a Chinese philosophy that discusses the relationships between things. The five elements are wood, fire, earth, metal, and water. It’s believed that these five fundamental elements are the basis for all interactions in the universe.
Musicians: They are symbols of praise, offerings, and reverence.
Stylized Chinese Characters: They are symbols for long life and good fortune.
It’s amazing that something that can appear so simple can be quite sublime. Dancheong can also be beautiful in its wonderful complexity of colour and style. It’s packed with highly symbolic meaning from the colour, to the design, and onto more elaborate motifs and murals. So the next time you’re at a Korean Buddhist temple, have a closer look at the world of colours around you. You might just be surprised with what you see and what it all means.
The tiger us a force for good that can ward off evil spirits. The hare us a clever creature that can out smart or frustrate the tiger but is also a force for good. Why would the hare, a force for good be frustrating the tiger who is also a force for good?
Fun to read and see these photos and descriptions.
I should have been more specific in the article because content and context matter. If a tiger is alone or with Sanshin it’s thought of as warding off evil spirits. However, if the tiger is with a hare or magpie it’s meant to represent aristocratcy and the yangban like in the Magpie and tiger paintings that were famous during the Joseon Dynasty. Hope that makes more sense.不能认定为工伤的情形一共有三种：一是故意犯罪的二是醉酒或者吸毒的三是自残或者自杀的。为了进一步分清是否属于工伤保险的保障范围，请下拉案例解读~
PS：即使是符合《工伤保险条例》第十四条、第十五条的规定认定工伤的情形，只要存在上述情形之一，也不能认定为工伤和视同工伤。
//////////履行工作职责被猫咬可算工伤
2018年6月7日，一只野猫突然蹿到南宁市古城路某冲印店里，为了不惊扰到店里的顾客，店员鲁先生在抓猫的过程中左手中指被咬了一口，出了很多血。
南宁市人社局工伤保险科科长潘荣华表示，鲁先生的遭遇，已经被认定为工伤。
《工伤保险条例》（2010年修订）第十四条第一项（以下简称第十四条第一项）规定，“在工作时间和工作场所内，因履行工作职责受到暴力等意外伤害的”，应当认定为工伤。
鲁先生是在上班时间、在店里、为了保护顾客安全受伤的，属于履行工作职责。
南宁市住房公积金管理中心江南营业部的工作人员，在工作时间、工作场所被虫子咬伤，与鲁先生遭遇的情况类似，符合第十四条第一项规定，可以认定为工伤。此外，如果办公室正在上班的人被跑进来的流浪猫咬伤或抓伤，也算工伤。
被狗咬伤，具体情况不同认定结果也不同
去年，南宁市人社局还接到一个被狗咬伤后，申请认定工伤的案例：2018年7月10日，某通信工程公司的职工邱先生，在钦州市一个村庄进行检修工作时，被当地的狗咬伤。潘荣华说，邱先生在南宁市参加工伤保险，他的受伤情况符合第十四条第一项的条件，已经被认定为工伤，但并不是所有被狗咬伤的情形都算工伤，不同情况会有不同认定结果。
“比如，上下班途中被狗咬伤就不算工伤。”潘荣华说，《工伤保险条例》第十四条第六项规定，“在上下班途中，受到非本人主要责任的交通事故或城市轨道交通、客运轮渡、火车事故伤害的”，应当认定为工伤。上下班途中被狗咬伤，不符合“交通事故”的条件。但如果职工在骑车上下班途中，因突然蹿出来的动物而摔倒受伤的，属交通事故。这种情况下，经交警认定非本人主要责任的，凭交通事故认定书可认定为工伤。
被马蜂蜇伤住院获多项工伤待遇
梁女士是南宁市某劳务派遣公司派往另一家公司绿化养护岗的员工。2018年8月13日，她在一次绿化工作中被马蜂蜇了两针，因此住院治疗了三天。潘荣华说，梁女士的情况，符合十四条第一项条件，已经被认定为工伤。她因马蜂蜇伤而产生的医疗费，享受工伤医疗待遇。除此之外，职工住院治疗工伤期间的伙食补助费，以及经过医疗机构出具证明、报经办机构同意，工伤职工到统筹地区以外就医所需的交通、食宿费，也可以由工伤保险基金予以报销。如果职工因工伤需要暂停工作接受工伤医疗，可以停工留薪。停工留薪期间，原工资福利待遇不变，由所在单位按月支付。职工被猫猫狗狗虫子等咬伤，可以向人社部门申请工伤认定。在认定结果出具后，他们可以携带治疗的有关单据，到人社部门申请报销有关费用。如果已经刷医保支付的，将退还这部分费用到医保基金中。
因为一些特殊原因受到的伤害也可视作工伤，希望大家能进一步认知工伤的保障范围，维护好自己的权益哦~اینتر دات آی آر _ نگاهی به نکات آماری منتشر شده توسط اینتر و اپتا از بازی شب گذشته مقابل ساسولو:
- اینتر پس از تساوی در آخرین بازی دور رفت سری آ برابر اودینزه، تمام 10 بازی خود در نیم فصل دوم را (از بنونتو تا ساسولو) با پیروزی پشت سر گذاشته است. اینتر اولین تیمی است که از زمان 3 امتیازی شدن هر برد در فوتبال، با شروع دور برگشت سری آ موفق به کسب 10 برد متوالی می شود.
- از زمان شروع جمع آوری داده ها توسط اپتا (فصل 2004/05) اینتر شب گذشته کمترین میزان مالکیت توپ خود در سری آ را ثبت کرد (30 درصد).
- اینتر فقط در فصل 2006/07 موفق شده بیشتر از 10 برد متوالی کسب کند (در آن فصل 17 برد پی در پی به دست آورد). در آن فصل نراتزوری پس از 29 بازی 74 امتیاز کسب کرد که فقط 3 امتیاز بیشتر از امتیازات کسب شده توسط اینتر کونته در فصل جاری است (71 امتیاز).
- اینتر در بازی شب گذشته فقط 2 شوت داخل چارچوب زد که هر دو توسط زوج لولا به گل تبدیل شد. برای هشتمین بار در این فصل یکی از آنها برای دیگری پاس گل فراهم کرد (گل دوم توسط مارتینز که پاسش را لوکاکو داد).
- لوکاکو شب گذشته گل شماره 21 خود و مارتینز نیز گل شماره 15 خود را به ثمر رساندند تا زوج 36 گله در سری آ شوند. آنها در فصل قبل در مجموع 37 گل به ثمر رساندند (23 گل لوکاکو و 14 گل مارتینز).
- لوکاکو برای اولین بار در این فصل از سری آ با ضربه سر گلزنی کرد (او در کوپا ایتالیا برابر فیورنتینا نیز با سر گل زده بود). همچنین لوکاکو در 11 بازی از 14 مسابقه خانگی اینتر در این فصل دروازه رقبا را باز کرده است.
- لوکاکو 28 بازی در این فصل برای اینتر انجام داده (21 گل) و حداقل یک گل در 17 بازی زده است. اینتر در 16 بازی که لوکاکو در آن گل زده برنده شده است.
- لائوتارو مارتینز شب گذشته در زمینه گلزنی در یک فصل یک رکورد شخصی ثبت کرد (او در فصل قبل 14 گل زد و تا اینجای فصل جاری 15 گل زده است). در حالی که او در فصل قبل در نیمه اول بازی ها میل به گلزنی داشت، در این فصل 11 گل از 14 گل آخرش را در نیمه دوم به ثمر رسانده است.Developer Guide - Events, Signals and Time
(Relevant reading: generator.h)
There are two kinds of event commonly used in gAlan - GDK/GTK events, dealing with the user interface, and audio-events or (commonly in this developer guide) simply events. I will not deal with GDK/GTK events here - the GTK Tutorial (combined with judicious header-file-reading) deals with that topic nicely.
Audio events are mostly used for setting parameters associated with Generators - they are used to send numeric values along the edges of the vertical directed graph the user draws on the main sheet, and are also emitted by Controls when their values are changed. Audio events (from here on AEvents, to avoid confusion with GDK/GTK events) are also used to signal to interested Generators that real-time has elapsed. These two uses are reflected in the different values for AEvent.kind: AE_NUMBER for parameter-setting and general typeless communication, and AE_REALTIME for notifications of real-time events.
Each AEvent has associated with it an item of variable data stored in AEvent.d. AE_NUMBER events always use AEvent.d.number, and AE_REALTIME and AE_MASTER_PLAY events always use AEvent.d.integer. Use the macro GEN_DOUBLE_TO_INT to convert AEvent.d.number to an integer.
Items from generator.h useful when dealing with AEvents:
Signals are the actual audio data that is manipulated by the various generators. A signal is represented in gAlan only indirectly - as the buffer and buflen arguments to a callback function. Signals are mostly used to represent straight audio data, but they have interesting other uses as well - as signals are just a stream (at sample-resolution) of double-precision floating-point numbers, they also make an ideal time-varying control source. For instance, using a signal-to-event adaptor, you can convert a signal stream to a series of AEvents. This is useful to implement a low-frequency oscillator as a control device for some other generator, among other things.
When a generator needs a buffer-full of audio data to process, it calls gen_read_realtime_input or gen_read_randomaccess_input (depending on the way the generator wants to process its input) with the buffer to fill with the input audio signal. The callback that was configured by the call to gen_new_generatorclass is called, which may either fill the buffer on its own (if it's a "sample source"), or read its own inputs in turn, processing the result before handing it back to the caller.
The two kinds of signal output that a generator can produce reflect the two different access methods - random-access and realtime. Random-access can be useful in situations such as
Time is dealt with in gAlan with the concept of a "master clock". Each generator in the system has the opportunity to register a clock (with gen_register_clock()) that may be selected by the user as the master clock for use in providing accurate information about the passing of time. The master clock's job is to accurately schedule calls to gen_mainloop_once(), gen_send_realtime_fns() and gen_advance_clock(). Examples of clocks registered by plugins include:
Currently the program keeps track of realtime in a global variable, gen_current_sampletime. Note that you should not access this variable directly - use gen_get_sampletime() instead.
The program's idea of realtime is updated every time gen_advance_clock() is called. This is usually when an AE_REALTIME event has been sent to all the realtime-functions, in order to retrieve an audio snippet for playback.Konu 'Coğrafya 11. Sınıf' bölümünde yonca tarafından paylaşıldı.
Hidroelektrik santralde yer seçiminde neler önemli?
bu linke bi gözat istersen hidroelektirikle ilgili slaythttp://www.cografyaokulu.net/dosyala...pt#261,3,Slayt 3
kolay gelsin
doğru anladım mı bilmiyorum ama şunlar olmalı;
* yükselti fazla olmalı
* suyu biriktirecek bir çanak olmalı
* yerleşim yeri ve şelale gibi doğa güzellikleri sular altında kalmamalı
bu mu bilmiyorum
1. Tesis teknik olarak yapılabilir olmalıdır,
2. T
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16%, or more, available chlorine by weight, in a caustic soda solution, which releases chlorine when added to pool water.
Impeller - The bladed member of the rotating assembly of the pump which applies the principal force to the liquid being pumped.
Influent - The inflow or entering water to a filter or other device.
Inlet - The fitting through which the filtered water passes to the pool (filtered water inlet), or the fitting through which raw water passes to the pool (raw water inlet).
Inorganic Contaminants - Mineral-based compounds such as metals, nitrates, and asbestos. These contaminants are naturally-occurring in some water, but can also get into water through farming, chemical manufacturing, and other human activities. EPA has set legal limits on 15 inorganic contaminants.
Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) – solid state devices used to switch the DC bus on and off at specific intervals.
Insulator - A material that does not allow a very good movement of electrons; rubber & paper
Inverter - A circuit that inverts DC voltage back to AC.
Iodine - An element related to chlorine and bromine used as a disinfectant, both in its natural solid form and in iodide compounds. When iodides are used, chlorine is normally employed to free the elemental iodine.
Ion - An atom or molecule having either a positive or negative electrical charge. Positively charged ions are referred to as cations and ions having a negative charge are termed anions.
Ion Exchange - A process by which certain ionized chemicals present in water are replaced with other ionized chemicals temporarily attached to resin particles. The exchange process is made only for ions having the same charge.
Iron - A very common element often present in ground water in amounts ranging from 0.01 to 10.0 ppm(mg/l). Iron may be found in three forms: in soluble forms such as in ferrous bicarbonate; bound with a soluble organic compound; or as suspended ferric iron particles. Iron above 0.3 mg/l is objectionable to water because of staining of laundry and plumbing fixtures.
Iron Bacteria - Bacteria which thrive on iron and are able to actually use ferrous iron (as found in water or steel pipes) in their metabolic processes to incorporate ferric iron in their cell structure and to deposit gelatinous ferric hydroxide iron compounds in their life processes.
Jet Package - An accessory kit sold with jet pumps. Can consist of ejector, extra nozzles and venturis, bushings and reducers, pipe adapters and foot valves, and packing leathers. Also known as Ejector package or Injector package.
Jet Pump - a centrifugal pump with a jet (venturi) attached, either at the pump (shallow well) or in the well (deep well). While the centrifugal part of the pump uses centrifugal force and the atmosphere to work, the jet uses hydraulics and the atmosphere. The jet has no moving parts. jet pumps primary function is to increase pressure (shallow or deep well), or help draw water from a deeper depth (deep well only).
JTU (Jackson Turbidity Unit) - A visual means of measuring water clarity based upon the amount of light passing through a tube of water.
Jump Board - A mechanism that has a coil spring, leaf spring or comparable device located beneath the board which is activated by the force exerted in jumping on the board.
Kingsbury Type Bearing – a type of thrust bearing that floats on a cushion of lubricant; used in submersible pump motors; requires that the motor be up to a minimum speed (typically 1800 RPM) within one second to sustain cooling.
Ladder, Double Access - A ladder that straddles the pool wall of an aboveground pool and provides pool ingress and egress.
Ladder, Limited Access - Any ladder with provision for making entry inaccessible when a pool, spa or hot tube is not in use (i.e., swing-up, slide-up or equivalent).
Lag Float - A panel float that activates an alarm in a simplex system or the alarm and lag pump in duplex systems.
Laminar - Non-turbulent fluid flow. Associated with fluid dynamics and designs of fluid tubing and pipelines.
Langelier Saturation Index - A calculated number used to predict the calcium carbonate (CaCO3) stability of a water; whether a water will precipitate, dissolve, or be in equilibrium with, calcium carbonate. It is sometimes erroneously assumed that any water that tends to dissolve calcium carbonate is automatically corrosive. Langelier saturation index = pH - pH, where pH = actual pH of the water, and pH, = pH at which the water having the same alkalinity and calcium content is just saturated with calcium carbonate.
Laws Of Nature - if you want something, you have to pay for it.
Leach Field - A subsurface land area with relatively permeable soil designed to receive pretreated wastewater from a septic tank or intermediate treatment unit. The soil further treats the wastewater by filtration, absorption, and microbiological degradation before the water is discharged to ground water.
Lead Float - A panel float that activates a pump in a simplex system or the lead pump in a duplex system.
Lift - associated with the suction side of a pump.
Lift-Out Guide Rail System - a device used to move heavier pumps up and down in a pit or basin.
Lignin - A polysaccharide found in the cell walls of plants; a breakdown product of decaying vegetation, which may be present in surface water supplies.
Liner - A membrane that acts as a container for the water.
Liner, Expandable - A liner that is constructed of a material that has the capability of stretching into a greater depth of irregular shape other than the original construction dimensions.
Liner, Hooper - The liner that is used to obtain greater depth by geometrical pattern construction on the liner bottom or floor to fit a predetermined size and shape.
Liquid End - a series of impellers and diffusers stacked together and mated to an electric motor to form a submersible pump.
Liquid Horsepower - The energy added by the spinning impeller.
Load - An area where electrical energy is used or consumed (converted). Load is what is doing the work we want: a light bulb, power saw, or pump motor.
Lopes or Loping - A condition where a diesel engine fires rapidly at top dead center (tdc), so piston, rod, and crank accelerate rapidly. As the piston moves away from the combustion, it slows down until it reaches tdc and fires again. Then it accelerates and repeats the cycle. A diesel engine requires the use of a rubber coupling.
Low-Pressure Pipe LPP Distribution Systems - a private sewage system that requires a pump. An Effluent Pump lifts a predetermined volume of collected septic overflow and distributes it throughout the absorption area at a uniform pressure. The advantage of flexibility in locating the absorption field is inherent. In addition, the uniform distribution minimizes plugging and is significantly more effective in hard soils and high water tables. LPP distribution fields may be smaller in area than those used in other types of septic systems. Absorption fields can be located on sloping ground or on uneven terrain that would be unsuitable for gravity flow systems
Lower Distribution System (Underdrain) - Those devices used in the bottom of a permanent medium filter to collect the water during the filtering and to distribute the water during the backwashing.
Magnetic Starters – a system or device required with three phase motors for motor control.
Main Outlet - The outlet fitting at the bottom of a swimming pool through which water passes to the recirculating pump (often erroneously referred to as the “main drain”.
Make-Up Water - Fresh water used to fill or refill the pool, spa, hot tub, or potable water system.
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) - The highest level of a contaminant that EPA allows in drinking water. MCLs ensure that drinking water does not pose either a short-term or long-term health risk. EPA sets MCLs at levels that are economically and technologically feasible. Some states set MCLs which are more strict than EPA's.
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) - The level of a contaminant at which there would be no risk to human health. This goal is not always economically or technologically feasible, and the goal is not legally enforceable.
Mechanical Shaft Seal - A type of shaft seal used to prevent leakage of fluid, such as water or steam, between sliding or turning parts of machine elements and is able to be replaced in the field.
Mechanically Operated Centrifugal Switch - An electric switch that operates using the centrifugal force created from a rotating shaft. The switch is designed to activate or de-activate as a function of the rotational speed of the shaft. In single-phase, split-phase induction motors, the switch is used to disconnect the starting winding of the motor once the motor approaches its normal operating speed. The centrifugal switch consists of weights mounted to the shaft of the motor and held near the shaft by spring force. At rest, levers attached to the weights press a low-friction, non-conductive plate against a set of electrical contacts mounted to the motor housing, closing the contacts and connecting the starting winding to the power source. When the motor approaches its normal operating speed, centrifugal force overcomes the spring force and the weights swing out, raising the plate away from the electrical contacts. This allows the contacts to open and disconnects the starting winding from the power source; the motor then continues operating solely using its running winding. Motors using such a centrifugal switch make a distinct clicking noise when starting and stopping as the centrifugal switch opens and closes.
Membranes - Thin films constructed of cellulosic or synthetic materials, which are designed to provide selective transport of solutes. Widely used for hemodialysis, micro filtration, ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis, membranes may be either homogeneous or asymmetric. Homogeneous membranes have a uniform structure or cross-section while asymmetric membranes have a dense "skin" which overlays a porous substructure.
Methemoglobinemia - The presence in blood of methemoglobin, a substance related to normal oxyhemoglobin, but having no oxygen-carrying capabilities and induced by exposure of blood to certain toxic chemicals, such as nitrites.
Mg/l - Milligrams per liter - A measure of concentration of a dissolved substance in a liquid. A concentration of one mg/l means that one milligram of a substance is dissolved in each liter of water. For practical purposes, this unit is equal to parts per million (ppm) since one liter of water is equal in weight to one million milligrams. Thus, a liter of water containing 10 milligrams of calcium has 10 parts of calcium per one million parts of water or 10 parts per million (10 ppm).
Micro Filtration - The separation or removal from a liquid of particulates and micro-organisms in the size range of 0.1 to 2 microns in diameter.
Micro Porous - In the context of water purification, membranes having an average pore size, which is between 0.1 and 1.0 micron in diameter.
Microfarad - A measurement of capacitance (electrical storage capability). Capacitors or condensers have a range listed on the casing (15-22 MFD, example) showing the capacity it can handle. They will also show the maximum voltage they can handle (370V, example).
Microhm - A measurement of electrical resistance equal to one millionth of an ohm. The unit of measurement for testing the electrical resistance of water to determine its purity. The closer water comes to absolute purity, the greater its resistance to conduction of an electrical current. Absolute pure water has a specific resistance over 18 million ohms (megohms) across one centimeter of water at a temperature of 78 degrees Fahrenheit.
Micron - A unit of linear measure. It is one millionth of a meter, or one thousandth of a millimeter. The smallest particle than can be distinguished by the naked eye would be about 40 microns across.
Micron Rating - A measurement applied to filters or filter media to indicate the particle size at which a substantial percentage of suspended solids above that size will be removed. As used in the water treatment industry standards, this may be an absolute rating or a nominal rating.
Microorganisms - Tiny living organisms such as bacteria, algae, diatoms, parasites, plankton, and fungi, which can be seen only with the aid of a microscope. Some microorganisms can cause acute health problems when consumed in drinking water. Also known as microbes.
Microwatt-Seconds Per Square Centimeter - A unit of measurement of intensity and retention, or contact time in the operation of ultraviolet (U/V) systems.
Milliliters/Minute - A common measurement for the flow rate of small RO systems. Usually measured with a graduate cylinder. One thousandth of a liter per minute. Milliliters/min x.38 = gal/day.
Minimum Basin Size - The minimum size for a sewage basin to prevent the pump from cycling on and off too frequently. Minimum pump run time should be between 15 seconds and 2 minutes. The longer the pump runs the better for the pump.
Minimum Flow - The amount of flow required to keep solids in suspension in a piping system. When moving sewage or effluent water with solids, bigger piping is not better. Pipe that is too large will cause the flow velocity to slow down and the solids will settle out in the pipe.
Mixed Bed - The intermixing of two or more filter or ion exchange products in the same vessel during a service run. The most common use is in ion exchange systems having a 40/60 percent cation to anion resin bed such as that for a deionization polisher system. In filtration, there may be an intermixing of two or more media in a single tank with each stratified into separate layers.
mixed flow pump - functions as a compromise between radial and axial flow pumps, the fluid experiences both radial acceleration and lift and exits the impeller somewhere between 0-90 degrees from the axial direction. As a consequence mixed flow pumps operate at higher pressures than axial flow pumps while delivering higher discharges than radial flow pumps. The exit angle of the flow dictates the pressure head-discharge characteristic in relation to radial and mixed flow.
Mod Media - Short for Modular Media, a type of filtration system. Consists of filters within filters - interchangeable and replaceable.
Model Number - Identification nomenclature for a product. Also called Model or Catalog Number or Product Number or Material Number.
Monitoring - Testing that water system operators must perform to detect and measure contaminants. A water system that does not follow EPA's monitoring methodology or schedule is in violation, and may be subject to legal action.
Monovalent Ion - A cation or anion having a single electrical charge.
Motor Canopy - the protective wrapper surrounding the electrical elements of a motor.
Motor Pad - A rubber or other resilient material placed underneath an electric motor. The pad cushions the motor to reduce noise and vibration transmission to the mounting surface.
MSDS - Material Safety Data Sheet - Required by law for products with potential for pollution or health risks(examples = paint, petroleum products).
MTBE - Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether - A volatile organic chemical (VOC) used as an octane-enhancing lead substitute and more recently as an oxygenating agent in gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions from automobiles. MTBE is volatile, flammable and highly soluble in water. During refueling and gasoline production, MTBE is volatilized to the atmosphere where it dissolves into the atmospheric moisture and returns to earth as precipitation, polluting our water supplies. Since MTBE does not adsorb well with organic matter in soils it is easily washed away. In surface water, MTBE volatilizes into the air. While in ground water, MTBE persists and moves freely. MTBE occurrences in ground water above 40 ppb have so far been attributed to point source contamination such as underground gasoline tank leaks, overflows, etc. EPA has tentatively classified MTBE as a potential human carcinogen.
Multiple Filter Control Valve - A multi-port valve with at least four positions for various filter operations, which combines in one unit the function of two or more single direct flow valves (Dial Selector Valve).
Multistage Pump - all the pumps or stages use a common shaft instead of individual motors (like a submersible turbine or a line shaft turbine)
Muriatic Acid - A commercial name for hydrochloric acid. Used for lowering the pH and alkalinity of pool water.
Nanofiltration - A membrane treatment process, which falls between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration on the filtration/separation spectrum. The nanofiltration process can pass more water at lower pressure operations than reverse osmosis, can remove particles in the 300 to 1,000 molecular weight range such as humic acid and organic color bodies present in water, and can reject selected (typically polyvalent) salts. Nanofiltration may be used for selective removal of hardness ions in a process known as membrane softening.
NCAA - National Collegiate Athletic Association – The governing body for intercollegiate competition and the recording agent for college swimming records.
NEC - National Electric Code - A document listing various codes and regulations that counties and townships work off of to set their standards. Also used by NEMA.
NEMA - National Electric Manufacturers Association - Sets standards that must be adhere to by a manufacture if they want this rating. Some of the standards are bolt hole pattern, shaft length, bell housing size, etc.
Net Positive Suction Head - NPSH - static pressure on the suction side of a pump, must be high enough to prevent the water entering the impeller from boiling. There are two types of NPSH - NPSHR and NPSHA.
Net Positive Suction Head Available - NPSHA - the amount of head available to the pump to overcome the NPSHR. NPSHA should be a larger number than NPSHR. NPSHA is affected by atmospheric pressure changes, altitude, pipe and fitting sizes, and elevation to the liquid being pumped.
Net Positive Suction Head Required - NPSHR - the amount of head required by the pump to keep the liquid being pumped in a liquid state. The only way NPSHR can be changed is by changing the pumps' rotational speed or its impeller diameter.
Neutralization - The addition of either an acid to a base or a base to an acid to produce a more nearly neutral solution. The use of alkaline or basic materials to neutralize acidity of some water is common practice in water processing to prevent corrosion of metallic home plumbing.
Neutrons - a component of an atom. Neutrons have no charge at all.
Nitrate - An anion comprised of one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. Nitrates are considered toxic in hemodialysis water and are also harmful to infants when consumed orally. Plant nutrient and fertilizer that enters water supply sources from fertilizers, animal feed lots, manures, sewage, septic systems, industrial wastewaters, sanitary landfills, and garbage dumps are nitrates.
Nominal Filter Rating - Filter rating indicating the approximate size particle, the majority of which will not pass through the filter. It is generally interpreted as meaning 85 percent of the particles of the size equal to the nominal filter rating will be retained by the filter.
Non-Transient, Non-Community Water System - A water system which supplies water to 25 or more of the same people at least six months per year in places other than their residences. Some examples are schools, factories, office buildings, and hospitals which have their own water systems.
Nonswimming Area - Any portion of a pool, spa or hot tub where water depth, offset ledges or similar irregularities would prevent normal swimming activities.
Nozzle - An ejector part/device that increases the velocity of the liquid flowing through it by creating a partial vacuum at it's throat. Atmospheric pressure causes the increase in velocity.
NPS Discharge - Nonpoint Source pollution: nutrients,. sediments, toxic substances, and pathogens that degrade waterways. NPS occurs mainly through storm water runoff.
NSF - National Science
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ısal dönüş veya ikinci ilerleme hızı Y - Y eksenine paralel ana hareket F – İlerleme hızı Z - Z eksenine paralel ana hareket G – Hazırlık işlemleri NUL - Boş H - (Kullanılmaz) BS - Geri alama I – X ekseni aradeğerbulma değişkeni TAB - Çizelgeleme J - Y ekseni aradeğerbulma değişkeni LF - Satır ilerleme K - Z ekseni aradeğerbulma değişkeni CR - Satırbaşı L - (Kullanılmaz) SP - Boşluk (sözcük ayırma) M – Yardımcı işlevler %- Program başlangıç karakteri (Programdaki ilk satır) N – Sıra numarası ( - Kontrol komutu dışı bilgi girişi başlangıcı O - (Kullanılmaz) ) - Kontrol komutu dışı bilgi girişi sonu P – X eksenine paralel üçüncü hareket + - artı işareti Q - Y eksenine paralel üçüncü hareket - - eksi işareti R - Z eksenine paralel üçüncü hareket veya Z ekseninde hızlı ilerleme koordinatı ./ - Blok atlama S - Ana mil hızı : - T- Takım işlevi DEL - Silme (Geri alma ve silme) Blok başlangıç noktası* Sıra Numarası Sözcüğü Sıra numarası sözcük adresi ‘N’ ile tanımlanır. Sıra numarası sözcüğü program bloğu içinde ilk sözcüktür ve parça programı içinde blokları tanımlamak için kullanılır. Adresi izleyen numaralar küçükten büyüğe doğru olmalıdır ancak ardışık olması zorunlu değildir. Hazırlık İşlemleri Sözcükleri Hazırlık işlemleri sözcük adresi ‘G’ ile tanımlanır. Genel olarak iki basamaklı bir sayıdan oluşur ve Tezgah Kontrol Birimine yapılacak işleri bildirir. Örneğin, G01 gibi bir sözcük kontrol birimine doğrusal ara değerleme yapılması istenildiğini bildirirken, G02 sözcüğü ise dairesel ara değerleme yapılması istenildiğini bildiriri. Hazırlık işlemleri blok içindeki boyutsal komutlardan önce uygulanmalıdır. G00 RAPID TRAVERSE G01 LINEAR INTERPOLATION (STRAIGHT LINE MOVEMENT) G02 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION (CLOCKWISE) G03 CIRCULAR INTERPOLATION (COUNTERCLOCKWISE Koordinat Sözcükleri Koordinat sözcükleri hazırlık işlemleri sözcüğünü izler. Bu sözcükte verilen koordinatlar mutlak veya artımlı olabilir. Koordinat sözcükleri şu sıra ile verilmelidir: X, Y, Z, U, V, W, P, Q, R, A, B, C, D, E İlerleme Hızı Sözcüğü İlerleme hız sözcüğünde tanımlanan hız, kendisinden önceki ilk koordinat sözcüğü adresindeki eksende uygulanır. Bir blok içinde birden fazla eksende uygulanması istenilen hız, uygulanacak koordinat sözcüklerinden sonraki sözcükte tanımlanır. Eksenlerde farklı hızlar kullanılmak isteniyorsa, her bir eksen için ayrı bir blok kullanılır. Örneğin, Z ekseni için X ve Y eksenlerindeki hızlardan farklı bir hız isteniyorsa, bir blokta X ve Y koordinatları ve istenilen ilerleme hız sözcüğü, ikinci blokta ise Z koordinatı ve istenilen hız ayrı belirtilir. Bu durumda Z eksenindeki hareket X ve Y eksenlerindeki hareket tamamlandıktan sonra gerçekleşir. N005 G01 X123.4 Y-100.0 F1000.0 Ana Mil Hız Sözcüğü Ana mil hız sözcüğü tüm koordinat sözcükleri ve ilerleme hızı sözcüklerinden sonra kullanılır. Ana mil hız sözcüğü ‘S’ adresi ve ilerleme hızı sözcüğünde olduğu gibi ana milin hızı ile ilişkili bir sayıdan oluşur. Kesici takımın veya iş parçasının zımni birimi dev/dak dır. Takım İşlemi Sözcüğü Takım işlemi sözcüğü, kullanılacak kesici takımların ve bu takımların takım magazinlerindeki yerlerinin kontrol birimlerine bildirmek ve takımları sırayla çağırmak amacıyla kullanılır. Bu işlemler kendiliğinden yapılabilineceği gibi, tezgah işletmenine bilgi verilerek ve gerektiğinde onayı alınarak da gerçekleştirilebilinir. Takım işlemi sözcüğü ana mil sözcüğünün arkasından gelir. Takım işlemi sözcüğü ‘T’ adresi ve, anlamları ve işlevleri tezgah kontrol biriminin kataloglarında ayrıntılarıyla açıklanan sayılardan oluşur. Yardımcı İşlemler Yardımcı işlemler sözcüğü talaş kaldırma hareketleri ile doğrudan ilişkisi olmayan, ana milin durdurulup çalıştırılması, kesme sıvısının açılıp kapanması, bağlama düzeneklerinin çalıştırılıp çalıştırılması, takım ve iş parçasının değiştirilmesi için ilgili hazırlıkların yapılması gibi işlemlerin kontrol birimine bildirilmesi amacıyla kullanılır. M03 DIRECTION OF ROTATION (CLOCKWISE) M04 DIRECTION OF ROTATION (COUNTERCLOCKWISE) M06 TOOL CHANGE WITH AUTOMATIC RETRACTION M30 END OF PROGRAM AND RETURN TO BEGINNING OF PROGRAM R = Reference point (maximum travel of machine) M = Machine zero point (X0,Y0,Z0) of machine coordinate system. W = Part zero point workpiece coordinate system.GreenRoom: January 2010
Clean air is often taken for granted – you can’t see it until it’s gone. By then the federal government may be punishing you for fouling it, which is what happened in the late ’90s, when Atlanta’s failure to meet standards prescribed by the Clean Air Act froze federal transportation funding, which makes up nearly half of all such funding in Georgia.
Under new air quality standards, Athens, Macon, Augusta, Columbus and Rome, in addition to Atlanta, could be designated “non-attainment” areas for air quality in the next two years. These regions could lose out on significant grants if they aren’t trying to take cars off the road even as new roads are built.
The new standards are hard to argue with – they are based on eight hours of measurement instead of one. Accord-ing to the Environmental Protection Agency, vehicle emissions were found to account for 62 percent of the air pollution that forms ground-level ozone in the Athens-Clarke County region; 67 percent in the Chatta-hoochee Valley region; 52 percent in Houston County; and 53 percent in Atlanta.
Atlanta has benefited from the efforts of the Clean Air Campaign (CAC) to instill a commute-option culture into the corporate climate.
“Some believe our air has gotten worse, but it’s actually better than it was 20 years ago,” says CAC Executive Director Kevin Green.
“While we ought to celebrate our successes, we are also learning more about how air quality impacts public health and that concentrations [even] at lower amounts can have adverse affects on our most vulnerable citizens: the elderly, children and those with respiratory challenges,” says Green.
“There are unprecedented things in play. Traditionally things were happening at baby-step, incremental speed; now we are seeing large, sweeping changes,” says Green. “Some of these changes in air quality standards were initiated under the Bush Administration, but the Obama Administration has taken things to warp speed, and state regulatory agencies are struggling to keep up. It is estimated that in the United States, we currently regulate some 300 million tons of criteria pollutants. Under new proposals to regulate greenhouse gas emissions, it is estimated that this will go up to 7 billion tons.”
The Clean Air Campaign is opening offices in Athens, Augusta, Columbus, Macon and Rome. “Some of these areas are where Atlanta was 15 years ago,” says Green. “There is a dawning awareness that air quality may have been taken for granted. The new standards are bringing new strategies to control it to the forefront.”
The Clean Air Campaign has won national awards for its common-sense strategies such as idle reduction and telecommuting, used by some of the state’s biggest companies, incuding UPS.
“Our plans often just hadn’t been thought of before. With new emissions technology, if you idle more than 30 seconds, it makes more sense to turn [the engine] off and restart. That was not the case 15 years ago,” Green says. CAC received a grant from UPS Foundation last year to implement a no-idle program with private and public sector fleets and shipping operations, as well as expand school no-idling programs.
“Commute options, however, are the bread and butter of what we do,” says Green. These options include any alternative to driving alone: ridesharing (carpool/vanpool), peak alternatives (flexible work hours), cycling or walking, telework, transit and compressed workweeks. Now they will include emerging strategies like High Occupancy Toll lanes as well. “People are doing peak alternatives as an adaptive strategy anyway, and telework is huge,” says Green.
In Metro Atlanta, nearly 300,000 workers telecommute one day a week.
“It’s not a right or a worker benefit,” says Green, “it’s a business strategy. Teleworking is becoming more recognized as a business continuity strategy in response to a potential flu pandemic, or flooding, road construction – you don’t have continuity without telework. And if you’re waiting for a disaster to start, then it’s too late.”
There is also a telework tax credit available in Georgia now to offset $20,000 worth of expenses to start up telework. But there is no magic bullet, says Green, and the key to CAC’s success is adapting flexible strategies tailored to specific solutions. “We’re offering nationally recognized services and expertise at no expense. Across the board, productivity goes up; and we have proven cases,” says Green.
“The biggest strength of what we do is that it has an immediate impact with a multiple range of benefits.”سری Globe and Mail، "Unfounded"، در مورد چگونگی ادعاهای اتهامات جنسی علیه پلیس، نمونه ای از چگونگی رسانه ها می تواند منجر به تغییر اجتماعی شود. (مکالمه کانادا), CC BY-SA
در حالی که نقد زیادی در مورد رسانه های خبری در این عصر «حقیقت پس از واقعیت» وجود دارد در چشم انداز تحت سلطه تعدادی از کنگلومرا رسانه ها، ما باید مطبوعات را برای پاسخگویی رهبران و نهادهای ما نیاز داریم.
محلی، زمانی که مناسبت خواستار آن است، ما باید مطبوعات را تحسین کنیم. این جهان و پست الکترونیکیسریال ناشناخته یکی از این موارد است
قدرت مطبوعات را نمی توان از نظر تاثیر مثبت و منفی پوشش خبری، دست کم گرفت. این زمینسری های ناشناخته کار کرده اند به روش مترقی برای مطرح کردن مسائل گزارش شده به نور. با تمرکز بر موارد حمله جنسی گزارش شده اما پلیس آن را رد می کند، نامشخص قدرت مطبوعات را به تأثیر گذاردن تغییر اجتماعی نشان می دهد.
بر اساس یک تحقیق ماهانه 20 در مورد پرونده های پلیس موارد بی اساس، مجموعه ای که توسط روزنامه نگار رابین داولیتل رهبری می شود، نشان داد که یکی از پنج مورد از پرونده های مربوط به تجاوز جنسی به پلیس، مستند و محروم شده است. Doolittle توانست پس از ارسال صدها درخواست آزادی اطلاعات به قضات پلیس در سراسر کشور، این اطلاعات را جمع آوری کند. چیزی که او ایجاد کرده است بیش از یک نمایه تکان دهنده ای از چنین مواردی است.
داده ها + داستان های شخصی = ترکیب قدرتمند
سری، که اخیرا جایزه روزنامه نگاری داده 2017 را به دست آورد برای "استفاده از داده ها برای نشان دادن نارسایی سیستمیک"، نشان دهنده یک نمونه ستاره ای از روزنامه نگاری تحقیقی است. Doolittle تجزیه و تحلیل آماری را با داستان هایی که او به طور مستقیم از زنان جمع آوری کرد چه کسی مورد حمله قرار گرفته و شکایات پلیس را رد کرد.
با این وجود گزارش این مجموعه و ارائه آن در ماههای پس از تحقیق است که قابل توجه است. به جای اینکه داستان را در صفحات عقب پنهان کنید، جهان آن را در صفحه اول، نه یک بار بلکه به طور مرتب، در سرتاسر سریال قرار داد.
من مدت زیادی هستم محقق رسانه های کانادایی و من اعتقاد دارم که این کاملا مخالف با گزارش معمول داستان های قابل توجه است. به طور کلی آنها یک یا دو بار ظاهر می شوند یا در پوشش قرار می گیرند. آنها نه تنها از روزنامه بلکه از خاطره جمعی خوانندگان ناپدید می شوند. تکرار در این مورد، تلاش کرد تا داستان را در تخیل عمومی و همچنین در ذهن سیاستگذاران حفظ کند.
به این اضافه شد جهان زاویه قانع کننده و شخصی را برای گزارش دادن وارد کرده است. به طور روزانه، یک داستان شخصی از یک زن که پرونده او توسط پلیس بی اساس است، منتشر شده است. این درج برای انسانی داستان کار کرد. بیش از آن، انتشار این داستانها، به صورت تدریجی، روزانه نیز به کار گرفته شد تا این داستان را زنده نگه داشته و در ذهن مخاطب قرار گیرد.
آخرین مطالب را از InnerSelf دریافت کنید
بنابراین، زاویه ساختاری (آمار)، همراه با داستان های خود، هم به صورت جمعی و هم به صورت جداگانه، همراه با یک برنامه چاپی منظم، پیچیدگی و تفاوت های ظاهری را به نحوی که بسیار موثر بود، گرفت.
سیاست گذاران توجه داشته اند
تعجب آور نبود که تغییرات ناپایدار پس از انتشار این مجموعه رخ دهد. نیروهای پلیس نه تنها متعهد به بازبینی پرونده های ناعادلانه در پرونده های خود هستند، بلکه آمار کانادا همچنین متعهد به جمع آوری داده ها از مناطق مختلف کشور است. سیاستمداران همچنین وعده داده اند که برای خشونت مبتنی بر جنسیت بیشتر مالیات داده شود و یک استراتژی سازگار را برای مقابله با موارد تجاوز جنسی مورد حمایت قرار دهد.
اخیرا پلیس اتاوا بر اساس اطلاعاتی که در سریال نامعلوم منتشر شده است دستگیر شد.
قدرت روزنامه نگاری تحقیقاتی
گلوب است سری های نامشخص نشان دهنده قدرت روزنامه نگاری تحقیقی است. این سریال در حال حاضر در مورد سوء استفاده پزشکان از سیستم پزشکی از طریق وعده های دوقطبی به همان اندازه وحشیانه است و امیدوارم بازی تغییر کند. اگر جهان با توجه به این سبک نوآورانه روزنامه نگاری، مسائل مربوط به نژاد پرستی، اسلام هراسی و دیگر اشکال خشونت را مورد نقد قرار می دهد که نقش مناسب اخبار را برای اطلاع رسانی و آموزش شهروندان به رسمیت می شناسد.
با این حال، نمی توان از واقعیت چشم انداز رسانه های معاصر فرار کرد. با توجه به شیوع روزافزون رسانه های اجتماعی به عنوان کانال که بیشترین اخبار مصرف می شود، سری هایی مانند Unfounded اغلب زمان هوا را که سزاوار آن هستند، دریافت نمی کنند. در عوض، قطعه های اندازه گیری نان فشرده، روز به روز بر جای می گذارند و روزنامه نگاری طولانی مدت چندین بار باقی می ماند.
درباره نویسنده
یاسمین جویانی، استاد مطالعات ارتباطات دانشگاه کنکوردیا
کتاب های مرتبط
{amazonWS: searchindex = کتابها؛ کلید واژه ها = روزنامه نگاری تحقیقی؛ maxresults = 3}Starsky & Hutch: in sviluppo un reboot al femminile
Ecco tutti i dettagli sul reboot al femminile di Starsky & Hutch che è entrato in produzione alla Fox.
Secondo quanto riportato dal The Hollywood Reporter, la Fox starebbe sviluppando una nuova serie legata a Starsky & Hutch, utilizzando però un cast di protagonisti tutto al femminile. Sam Sklaver (Prodigal Son) e Elizabeth Peterson (The Resident) scriveranno la serie.
Nel progetto in sviluppo Sasha Starsky e Nicole Hutchinson saranno chiamate a risolvere i crimini della città di Desert City, ma allo stesso tempo rafforzeranno la loro amicizia, cercando nel sottofondo delle varie situazioni che si succederanno, di trovare una soluzione al caso che ha portato i loro padri a finire in prigione quindici anni prima, senza che avessero commesso alcun crimine.
Ricordiamo che la serie su Starsky & Hutch ha avuto come protagonisti David Soul e Paul Michael Glaser, ed è stata mandata in onda negli anni Settanta, arrivando a totalizzare 70 episodi complessivi. Nel 2004 è stato realizzato un film con Ben Stiller and Owen Wilson, che ha incassato 170 milioni di dollari.
Il regista James Gunn ha anche rivelato di aver realizzato una storia sequel su Starsky & Hutch, che però non è mai andata in produzione. Vi proponiamo qui sotto un filmato della serie classica ed il trailer del film reboot del 2004.
- ‘Starsky & Hutch’ Remake in the Works at Fox (Exclusive) (hollywoodreporter.com)看了这个引擎，我终于指导中国，为什么加强互联网管制了
编译打包这一步怎么操作。
mysql,jdk,maven 环境都已配置好
实在搞不懂
mvn package 编译打包，这一步如何操作？
maven,JDK 环境已配置好
【2021 年 11 月 21 日 周日】白八拉
@88250 能加我微信吗？咨询下系统的事
有网站吗Her hafta Emniyet Müdürlüğü tarafından açıklanan verilere göre Sakarya'da polis sorumluluk bölgesinde yine 214 kişi kısıtlama kurallarına uymayarak yasak olmasına rağmen sokağa çıktığı gerekçesiyle para cezasına çarptırıldı.
22:00 - 05:00 saatleri arasında uygulanan hafta içi kısıtlamalarında 173 Sakaryalı sokağa çıkma kısıtlamasını ihlal etti. Pazar günü uygulanan ve Cumartesi 22:00'da başlayıp Pazartesi sabah 05:00'a kadar devam eden kısıtlamalarda ise 41 kişi sokakta yakalandı.
Sakarya'da bu hafta 214 kişi hakkında kısıtlama kuralları gereği işlem uygulanırken şahıslara 192 bin 600 TL para cezası uygulandı.The History of
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çırpınarak can verdi. O günden beri Irak iflah olmadı, parçalara ayrıldı, ölümler her yerde kol geziyor. "Pardon" dediler... Evet Başkan Bush'un deyimiyle "Haçlı seferi" sonrası söylenen tek söz bu oldu. Bir "Pardon"a milyonlarca insan feda edildi. Irak'a "Haçlı seferi" ilan eden ABD'nin kucağındaki CIA elemanı FETÖ de yüzlerce insanımızı öldürerek binlercesini de yaralayarak, bu ülkede darbe yapmaya kalktı.
Ve şimdi yeni bir videosu çıktı ortaya. Ruhunu CIA'ya satan hain FETÖ o videoda bakın ne diyor; "Haçlı'nın ülkemizi işgal etmesi çok tehlikeli değildir. Bir kere onlar sizin kadınınıza, kızınıza, mabedinize ilişmezler" diyordu. Eleman Haçlı seferlerinin merkezinde, CIA korumasında ve çiftlikte ağırlanıyor. Ve ilginç bir açıklama; "CIA yöneticisi Graham Fuller ve George Fidas, FETÖ'nün kaçışını organize etti. Gülen, Eski CIA müdürü George Tenet, Amerikalı Arcbishop Demetrios gibi isimlerle son derece yakın ilişkiler içinde. Darbe girişimi CIA'nınyardımıyla yapıldı." Bu sözler Arthur Hughes'a ait. Adam manav veya bakkal değil.ABD'nin Yemen eski büyükelçisi.
Eğer darbe başarılı olsaydı, HAÇLI-SİYONİST ittifakı NEOCONLARIN hazırladığı işgal ve iç savaşla parçalama planları FETÖCÜ hainlerin eliyle hayata geçirilecekti. PKK bir yandan, DAEŞ diğer yandan Türkiye topraklarına girecekti. "Batının emrindeyim, beni koruyun" diye yalvaran FETÖ, PKK ve DAEŞ ile ortak çalışıyor, ayrıca İsrail'i de çok seviyor, toz kondurmuyordu. İsrail'de devlet stratejilerini belirleyen Begin-Sedat Stratejik Araştırmalar Merkezi'nin direktörü Prof. Efraim İnbar da "DAEŞ'in bitirilmesi stratejik hatadır" başlığıyla bir makale yayınlıyordu. İsrailli Profesör "DAEŞ ne de güzel Müslümanları birbirine düşürüyor" diyordu. Kimlerin kimlerle kirli ittifaklar kurduğu, kimlerin kimleri koruyup çok sevdiği artık günümüz dünyasında saklanamıyor. Her şey su yüzüne çıkıyor.
Türkiye, darbeyi bertaraf ederek, tanklarıyla Suriye'ye girerek tüm OYUNLARI bozdu.
Ve gelinen noktada Obama, Çin'de Erdoğan ile görüşecek. Öncelikli olarak görüşme talebinin Beyaz Saray'dan gelmesi, başkan yardımcısı Joe Biden'in Türkiye ziyaretinde hüsran yaşanması nedeniyle.
Joe Biden, ABD'nin gücünü hissettirmek için Türkiye'ye geldi. Ancak Erdoğan'dan ummadığı tepkiyi aldı. Bu tepki karşısında, ABD ve Türkiye'nin çıkarları için birlikte strateji belirlemesi gerektiğini söyledi. Ancak Türk Cumhurbaşkanı, 15 Temmuz'un arkasında ABD'nin, FETÖ'nünse kullanılan bir piyon olduğunu Biden'a söyleyince görüşmenin ABD olarak mağlubiyetle tamamlandığı kesinleşti. Biden, ABD'ye dönmeden görüşmenin analizi yapıldı. 25 Temmuz'da, Başkan Obama'nın Erdoğan'la yüz yüze görüşmesi kararlaştırıldı. 17 Eylül'de gerçekleştirilecek olan Birleşmiş Milletler 71'inci Genel Kurulu'nda Obama ve Erdoğan'ın görüşmesi için hazırlıklar yapılırken, ABD "Bu tarih çok geç olacak" diye panik yaptı. Tarih hemen Çin'deki G-20 Zirvesi'ne çekildi. Obama, Erdoğan'a ABD adına ödünler vermek
zorunda. Bu durum en çok FETÖ'yü rahatsız ediyor. Çünkü masadaki ilk konu Pensilvanya olacak... Joe Biden ziyareti ve Obama-Erdoğan buluşması ile ilgili tüm bu ANALİZLER dün Amerikan medyasında yapıldı. Ve dün bir açıklama da Kremlin'den geldi. Obama'dan bir gün önce de Putin, Erdoğan ile randevulaştı. Pekin'de bile her yol Ankara'ya çıkıyor. Küresel güçlerle NEOCONLARIN tetikçisi medya baronu İsrailsever Murdoch'ın gazetesi Wall Street Journal dün "Türkiye Suriye'ye ABD Özel Kuvvetleri ile birlikte girecekti.
Ancak Türkler erken daldı. Bu durum Washington'da endişeye yol açtı. ABD Suriye'de güçlü bir Türkiye'yi asla istemez" diye ağlıyor. Ağlayan ağlayacak!..
Pensilvanya'daki o piyon buraya gelecek. Ve Menbiç'teki teröristler oradan gidecek. Dahası, artık Ankara'ya yalan söylenmeyecek. Ne diyor BBC'ye açıklama yapan ABD Ankara eski büyükelçisi James Jeffrey? "Türklere yalan söyleyen çabucak pişman olur." Evet aynen öyle!.. PARDON!..
Bekir Hazar/Takvim--31 Ağustos 2016
İngiliz istihbaratı YALAN rapor hazırladı. "Irak'ta kimyasal silah var" diye.The Book of Mormon describes the migration of three colonies from the Old World to the New. Two of these were small Israelite groups that migrated to an American land of promise around 600 B.C. Many Latter-day Saint scholars interpret the Book of Mormon as a record of events that occurred in a relatively restricted region of ancient Mesoamerica. During and after those events, according to this view, peoples from this area–including some descendants of Book of Mormon peoples–may have spread to other parts of the Americas, carrying with them some elements of Mesoamerican culture. These Latter-day Saint scholars also believe that pre-Columbian populations of the Americas include within their ancestry many groups other than those small colonies mentioned in the Book of Mormon.1
A recent critic of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has complained that “some LDS scholars, especially those associated with FARMS, …reinterpret Lamanite identity in the later part of the twentieth century”2 and thereby “implicitly reject long-standing popular Mormon beliefs, including those held by Joseph Smith, about Lamanites being the ancestors of today’s American Indians.”3 Of course, popular beliefs, longstanding or otherwise, are not crucial to the foundations of the faith of Latter-day Saints, which are based on revealed scripture.4 In regard to the ancestry of the Amerindians, the central issue for Latter-day Saints is not whether Native Americans are in some measure descendants of Israel but whether their ancestors are exclusively Israelite. Latter-day scriptures speak of a remnant of those people described in the Book of Mormon and of their prophetic destiny, suggesting that this remnant may be found among Native American groups known perhaps to Joseph Smith and others. While these revelations affirm an Israelite component to Native American ancestry, they never claim that all the Native Americans’ ancestors were Israelite, nor do they deny the presence of other peoples in pre-Columbian America.
In 1993, Elder Dallin H. Oaks of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles made the following statement:
Speaking for a moment as one whose profession is advocacy, I suggest that if one is willing to acknowledge the importance of faith and the reality of a realm beyond human understanding, the case for the Book of Mormon is the stronger case to argue. The case against the historicity of the Book of Mormon has to prove a negative. You do not prove a negative by prevailing on one debater’s point or by establishing some subsidiary arguments.
For me, this obvious insight goes back over forty years to the first class I took on the Book of Mormon at Brigham Young University. …Here I was introduced to the idea that the Book of Mormon is not a history of all of the people who have lived on the continents of North and South America in all ages of the earth. Up to that time I had assumed that it was. If that were the claim of the Book of Mormon, any piece of historical, archaeological, or linguistic evidence to the contrary would weigh in against the Book of Mormon, and those who rely exclusively on scholarship would have a promising position to argue.
In contrast, if the Book of Mormon only purports to be an account of a few peoples who inhabited a portion of the Americas during a few millennia in the past, the burden of argument changes drastically. It is no longer a question of all versus none; it is a question of some versus none. In other words, in the circumstance I describe, the opponents of historicity must prove that the Book of Mormon has no historical validity for any peoples who lived in the Americas in a particular time frame, a notoriously difficult exercise. One does not prevail on that proposition by proving that a particular…culture represents migrations from Asia. The opponents of the historicity of the Book of Mormon must prove that the people whose religious life it records did not live anywhere in the Americas.5
Elder Oaks’s observations, though made more than a decade ago, underscore a fatal weakness in some recent arguments against the Book of Mormon. Critics assume that genetic evidence–any genetic evidence–taken from any Native American population must be shown to be Israelite, or the Book of Mormon’s claims are false. But there is no good reason to assume that Native American lineages and ancestors must be exclusively Israelite. In regard to the nature and identity of Lehi’s people, Latter-day Saints have held a variety of opinions and expressed several interpretations historically, but whether some Native Americans, or many Native Americans, or even all Native Americans have Lehi as an ancestor, it does not follow that they did not have others.6
Although a few statements made by Joseph Smith are sometimes used to justify the critics’ complaints, they are not inconsistent with the idea that other people came to the Americas in pre-Columbian times. Also, a review of the development of Latter-day Saint ideas about pre-Columbian peoples as they relate to the Book of Mormon makes it clear that the idea that others resided in Lehi’s promised land is not a recent revisionist conclusion or a ploy to deflect recent criticism. While not the only view, it is, in fact, an interpretation that has been discussed and entertained in Latter-day Saint literature in both the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The very few scripturally based potential objections that critics have raised against this interpretation are overwhelmed by the countering scriptural evidence presented below, all of which, I am persuaded, makes the best sense under the assumption that there were other pre-Columbian peoples in the American land of promise.
Joseph Smith and Indian Ancestry
In 1833 Joseph Smith penned a letter to the editor of the American Revivalist and Rochester Observer in which he described the Book of Mormon as follows:
The Book of Mormon is a record of the forefathers of our western tribes of Indians; having been found through the ministration of an holy Angel, translated into our own language by the gift and power of God, after having been hid up in the earth for the last fourteen hundred years, containing the word of God which was delivered unto them. By it, we learn that our western tribes of Indians, are descendants from that Joseph that was sold into Egypt, and that the land of America is a promised land unto them.7
The Book of Mormon may indeed be said to be a record of the forefathers of the American Indians, but Joseph Smith never claimed that it was the only one, nor need we believe from this statement that the Book of Mormon accounts for all the ancestors of Native Americans.
In another statement made in 1835, Joseph Smith described the visit of an angel to him twelve years earlier: “He told me of a sacred record which was written on plates of gold. I saw in the vision the place where they were deposited. He said the Indians were the literal descendants of Abraham.”8 This statement affirms the claim that Native Americans are descendants of Abraham, but it does not follow that this is the whole story. My great-great-grandfather is John Whetten, but it would not be reasonable to assume that in making this statement I am declaring that I have no other ancestors. Joseph Smith’s statement plainly allows for Abraham to be one ancestor among many others.
In his 1838 account of Moroni’s visit, the Prophet recounted: “He said there was a book deposited, written upon gold plates, giving an account of the former inhabitants of this continent, and the source from whence they sprang; he also said that the fulness of the everlasting Gospel was contained in it, as delivered by the Savior to the ancient inhabitants” (Joseph Smith–History 1:34). Does this mean that the Book of Mormon tells us everything about Native American history and ancestry? Certainly not. While helping my family to move recently, I found a book giving an account of my ancestors who formerly inhabited this land and telling me where they came from. This book, which I had never seen before, gives an account of John Whetten, his family, and the Whetten line in my ancestry, but it says very little about my other ancestors: the Ropers, Mellors, Smiths, Van Wagonens, Gillespies, Hamblins, and so forth. While significant, that book tells only a small part of my family history. Similarly, one can accept Joseph Smith’s description of the Book of Mormon as an account of the ancient inhabitants of the promised land without insisting that it tells about all of them.
In 1842, at the request of John Wentworth, Joseph Smith prepared a brief outline of the events surrounding the early history of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. As part of this account, the Prophet described the visit of the angel Moroni in 1823.
I was also informed concerning the aboriginal inhabitants of this country, and shown who they were, and from whence they came; a brief sketch of their origin, progress, civilization, laws, governments, of their righteousness and iniquity, and the blessings of God being finally withdrawn from them as a people was made known to me.9
Neither the Wentworth letter nor any other Joseph Smith account gives us a transcription of Moroni’s actual words to Joseph Smith. Since Moroni offered Joseph Smith only a “brief sketch,” it is unlikely that he revealed to Joseph a comprehensive knowledge of Native American origins. Within the context of introducing the plates, a more likely interpretation is that Moroni simply gave Joseph Smith a general description of the Book of Mormon story of Lehi’s people who came from the land of Jerusalem. There is no need to read into this statement any more than this.
After giving an account of the visitation of Moroni, the Prophet provided a description of the Book of Mormon as follows:
In this important and interesting book the history of ancient America is unfolded, from its first settlement by a colony that came from the tower of Babel, at the confusion of languages to the beginning of the fifth century of the Christian era. We are informed by these records that America in ancient times has been inhabited by two distinct races of people. The first were called Jaredites and came directly from the tower of Babel. The second race came directly from the city of Jerusalem, about six hundred years before Christ. They were principally Israelites, of the descendants of Joseph. The Jaredites were destroyed about the time that the Israelites came from Jerusalem, who succeeded them in the inheritance of the country. The principal nation of the second race fell in battle towards the close of the fourth century. The remnant are the Indians that now inhabit this country. …For a more particular account I would refer to the Book of Mormon.10
Does this statement discredit the idea of other people coming to the Americas because Joseph Smith only mentions two groups? Since Joseph Smith refers to the Jaredite colony as the “first settlement” of ancient America, are Latter-day Saints required to believe that no other people came to the Americas before that time? First, it is important to note that in the Wentworth letter, Joseph Smith starts with what the angel told him and then provides his own description of the Book of Mormon narrative for the press. Consequently, his words about the Jaredite and Israelite migrations do not come from the angel Moroni. In fact, this wording, for the most part, did not even originate with Joseph Smith but is essentially adapted from Orson Pratt’s 1840 pamphlet on the Book of Mormon,11 as this comparison shows:
|Pratt 1840||Wentworth Letter 1842|
|In this important and most interesting book, we can read the history of ancient America, from its early settlement by a colony who came from the tower of Babel, at the confusion of languages, to the beginning of the fifth century of the Christian era.||In this important and interesting book the history of ancient America is unfolded, from its first settlement by a colony that came from the tower of Babel, at the confusion of languages to the beginning of the fifth century of the Christian era.|
|By these Records we are informed, that America, in ancient times, has been inhabited by two distinct races of people. The first, or more ancient race, came directly from the great tower, being called Jaredites.||We are informed by these records that America in ancient times has been inhabited by two distinct races of people. The first were called Jaredites and came directly from the tower of Babel.|
|The second race came directly from the city of Jerusalem, about six-hundred years before Christ, being Israelites, principally the descendants of Joseph.||The second race came directly from the city of Jerusalem, about six hundred years before Christ. They were principally Israelites, of the descendants of Joseph.|
|The first nation, or Jaredites, were destroyed about the time that the Israelites came from Jerusalem, who succeeded them in the inheritance of the country.||The Jaredites were destroyed about the time that the Israelites came from Jerusalem, who succeeded them in the inheritance of the country.|
|The principal nation of the second race, fell in battle towards the close of the fourth century.||The principal nation of the second race fell in battle towards the close of the fourth century.|
|The remaining remnant, having dwindled into an uncivilized state, still continue to inhabit the land, although divided into a “multitude of nations,” and are called by Europeans the “American Indians.”||The remnant are the Indians that now inhabit this country.|
Second, the Jaredite migration is the earliest migration to America mentioned in the Book of Mormon, but the Book of Mormon itself does not claim that the Jaredites were the first human beings in the New World. When Joseph Smith’s statement is read within its context of the Wentworth letter, it is clear that he was actually, at that point, offering a general description of the time span of the book, indicating that the Book of Mormon narrative stretches from the Jaredite settlement to the beginning of the fifth century a.d. In so doing, he was not necessarily designating the Jaredite settlement as the oldest in the land, but merely as the oldest mentioned
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promote healthy growth.
Do Philodendrons need full sun?
Philodendrons are plants that can vary greatly in their needs for light and water, but they typically do best if given at least six hours of direct sunlight per day. If your philodendron is getting too little light, you can try moving it to a brighter location or giving it more water. If the leaves are curling up, this may be caused by too much shade. Check to make sure the plant is getting enough water and sunlight, and if not, take some steps to fix the problem.Mars Rover to Fire Rock-Zapping Laser Ahead of 1st Drive
by Mike Wall, SPACE.com Senior Writer
Date: 17 August 2012 Time: 04:01 PM ET
This mosaic image shows
the first rock target (N165 circled) NASA's Curiosity rover aims to zap
with its Chemistry and Camera (ChemCam) laser. The rock is off to the
right of the rover. Image taken Aug. 8, 2012. Released Aug. 17.
NASA's Mars rover Curiosity is slated to fire its rock-vaporizing laser for the first time this weekend, shortly before the 1-ton robot's maiden drive on the Red Planet.
Scientists plan to blast a Martian rock called N165 with Curiosity's laser, which is part of the rover's remote-sampling ChemCam instrument. The 3-inch-wide (7.6 centimeters) stone sits just 9 feet (2.7 meters) from Curiosity, well within ChemCam's 25-foot (7.6 m) range, scientists said.
"Our team has waited eight long years to get to this date, and we're happy that everything is looking good so far," ChemCam principal investigator Roger Wiens, of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, told reporters today (Aug. 17). "Hopefully we'll be back early next week and be able to talk about how Curiosity's first laser shots went."
Sources: Space.com, Jet Propulsion Laboratory/NASA.
Glenn A. Walsh, Project Director,
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* cable-car railway, Pittsburgh:
* Public Transit:野生动物麋鹿图片(6张)
abby 2015年4月10日上传
麋鹿（学名：Elaphurus davidianus）又名“四不象”，是世界珍稀动物，属于鹿科。因为它头脸像马、角像鹿、颈像骆驼、尾像驴，因此得名四不像，原产于中国长江中下游沼泽地带，以青草和水草为食物。性好合群，善游泳，喜欢以嫩草和水生植物为食。求偶发情始于6月底，持续6周左右。曾经广布于东亚地区。后来由于自然气候变化和人为因素，在汉朝末年就近乎绝种。元朝时，为了以供游猎，残余的麋鹿被捕捉运到皇家猎苑内饲养。到19世纪时，只剩在北京南海子皇家猎苑内一群。在西方发现后不久被八国联军捕捉并从此在中国消失。直到1898年被英国购买并繁殖到255头，并在1983年将部分个体送回中国。之后有更多的麋鹿回归家乡，并有部分被放生野外。On Premises Cabling
Computer networks began long before PCs, going back to the 1960s when mainframes were common and minicomputers were first introduced. The goal of networking was, of course, sharing data among users. Then as now, networking requires each user to have a unique "address," a protocol for data to be formatted to make sharing easy and a means of transferring data. Sharing data between computers and users over cables originally required high speed cables, usually coax but also shielded twisted pair.
For many years, networks were mostly proprietary, that is they worked only among computers made by one company such as IBM, Wang or DEC (Digital Equipment Corp.). In the 1970s, multiplatform networks like ARCnet and Ethernet were developed to allow different computer types to network and in the 1980s, networking took off with the introduction of the inexpensive PC.
Computer Network Architectures
The first networks like Ethernet, Arcnet, WangNet and DecNet used coax cable for as a transmission medium because it offered the highest bandwidth. Coax was used as a data bus, with network attachments connected along the cable. Thus every network device received all data transmitted but ignored any that were not addressed to it.
The original Ethernet Bus network on coax with taps
Other networks, primarily IBM's Token Ring, used shielded twisted pair cable connected into a ring. In a ring, every network attachment is a repeater, receiving data from the network, filtering out messages for itself and passing others along. The same architecture was adopted for Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) which was the first all fiber high speed network. FDDI, shown here, used a dual ring architecture to allow the network to survive failure of either a cable segment or a network station. Sone FDDI stations connected to the counter-rotating ring backbone (dual-attached stations (DAS) or dual-attached concentrators (DAC) which could also connect single-attached stations (SAS) onto one ring.
A ring network used by IBM Token Ring and FDDI
UTP (unshielded twisted pair) cabling became a standard primarily to support the two most popular computer networks, Ethernet and IBM Token Ring. Although Ethernet was originally developed as a "bus" network using taps on coax cable and Token Ring used a "ring" architecture on shielded twisted pair cables, both were easily adapted to UTP cabling. The development of balanced transmission techniques for UTP cable provided a lower cost cabling alternative to both networks. Ethernet, because of its higher performance and lower cost became the preferred network for PCs and Token Ring fell into obsolescence.
As computer networking grew in popularity, net types of cables were developed to handle the multi-megabit data rates needed by computer networks. Fiber optics was used for the higher speed networks but at that time was much more expensive than copper cabling. A new method of using twisted pair cable, similar to phone wire but made to higher standards, was developed. Twisted pair cable was cheaper and easier to install so it be came the most popular cable type for computer networks very quickly.
The change from coax to UTP required a change in architecture for Ethernet. Ethernet originally used taps on the original thick coax cable or a "T" in smaller RG-58 cable called ThinNet. UTP cable could only be used as a direct link from electronics to electronics, from the Network Interface Card (NIC) in a PC to a hub or switch that connects to the network backbone. When UTP was adopted, it required electronics to connect the links and create what is called a "star" network where PCs are connected to hubs or switches and hubs/switches are connected to the backbone. Even wireless antennas, called "access points," require cabling connections into the network.
In order to convert the bus structure of Ethernet to UTP with a star architecture, an electronic repeater called a hub was used. Any signal transmitted into a hub would be repeated and sent to all equipment, either PCs or other hubs, attached to the hub. Each attached device was responsible for decoding addresses to pick up the messages being sent to it. Later, switches were adopted, since they directed messages only to the device being addressed, opening up additional bandwidth on the network.
Star network used by Ethernet
With the acceptance of structured cabling, the cable plant architecture adopted the "star" architecture used in business phone systems along with many of the specifications and nomenclature developed primarily by AT&T before divestiture. Initially, copper cabling was used for both the backbone and horizontal connections. As networks became bigger and faster, backbone traffic increased to a point that most users migrated to optical fiber for the backbone to take advantage of its higher bandwidth. Large data users like engineering and graphics used fiber directly to the desktop using a centralized fiber architecture that has been adopted as a part of cabling standards. The diagram below illustrates how computer networks are connected over structured cabling.
A more recent development in LAN architecture is the passive optical LAN (POL) based on fiber to the home (FTTH) technology. The FTTH GPON (Gigabit Passive Optical Network) is like a tree and branch architecture, a variation of star architecture, using fiber optic passive splitters instead of electronic network switches. Not having electronic switches in the telecom closets, just passive components like patch panels and/or splitters, POLs offer large savings in cost of installation and operational costs. They operate only on singlemode fiber but the PON architecture uses much less fiber, fewer connections and are often installed using prefabricated cabling components.
Residential, Industrial and Other Uses For Structured Cabling
While structured cabling is primarily though of as cabling for enterprise computer networks, it is actually used from other purposes. Residential networks, security systems, industrial controls, building management systems and other systems developed for running on other cable types now offer UTP versions.
Many security systems now offer versions that can operate on standard structured cabling, not just for alarms or entry systems, but even for video. Most of these systems operated on some kind of twisted pair cable anyway, so converting to the standardized category-rated UTP was simple. Although video cameras generally run on coax, they can use UTP by converting the signals using a simple passive device called a balun or to fiber using an appropriate media converter.
Industrial applications of structured cabling are widespread. Most machines today are computer controlled and are connected to a network to receive programming instructions and upload manufacturing data. Industrial robots, especially, are controlled by network data and often even include plastic optical fibers inside the unit itself for control circuits because of fiber's flexibility and immunity to electrical noise.
Residential networks have grown rapidly as homes are connected to faster and faster internet connections to keep up with the growing numbers of PCs in the home and demands for more data over the Internet, digital video downloads and IPTV (Internet Protocol TV.) More homes are now connected with optical fiber or DSL over copper at multimegabit speeds. Inside the home, most already have coax cables for TV, but some homes are now built with UTP cabling for digital networks. Wireless and MOCA, a network that connects PCs over the CATV coax, are also used.
TIA in the US has standards covering residential (TIA 570) and industrial (TIA 1005) structured cabling. TIA 570 allows the usual UTP versions plus video (CATV or Satellite TV) on coax. Although some consumer electronics use inexpensive plastic optical fiber (POF) for TOSLINK or FireWire (IEEE 1394) links, these are not considered part of TIA 570 because they are not permanently installed cabling but only local connections between devices.
Data centers are one of the fastest growing applications for computers and storage to support the growth of new applications using the Internet, like IPTV (Internet Protocol TV.) Data centers need extremely high speed connections so they generally use either Cat 6A, special coax cables or optical fiber at 10 Gb/s or above. The electronics to drive UTP cable at these speeds takes considerably more power than fiber or coax (5-10X), primarily for the sophisticated digital signal processing to reduce signal distortion on twisted pairs. A new UTP cable, Cat 8, has been developed for short (30m) links at 10G or above for server/switch connections but has not been widely supported.
More on Data Centers
UTP Cabling For Networks
The standard UTP cable used to connect networks has 4 pairs of wires. The first generation of networks using UTP needed only two pairs, one transmitting in each direction, and Fast Ethernet managed to work on two pairs on the higher performance of Category 5 cable with 100 MHz bandwidth. But when Gigabit Ethernet was developed, it was necessary to use all four pairs simultaneously in both directions, as well as requiring a further development of Cat 5 specifications. 10G Ethernet went even further, requiring additional development of Cat 6 cable to 500 MHz bandwidth and even tighter specifications, to work even when using all 4 pairs.
There are two other cables used also. ISO Class F and FA are sometimes called Cat 7 by manufacturers offering a US version of this shielded cable. in the US standards, there is no Cat 7 cable. It can be used in place of lower rated cables including unshielded cables. Cat 8 is a special shielded cable for use in short links in data centers, up to 30 meters, for example connecting servers and switches in the same rack.
Some applications that do not require high bandwidth or crosstalk isolation can use splitters to allow two systems to share one cable. A typical application is two 10 Base-T links or an Ethernet link and a phone line.
All networks have versions that operate over optical fiber as well as UTP. Fiber is generally the medium of choice for network backbones at speeds of Gb/s or higher. Most premises networks use multimode fiber but now some installations use designs similar to fiber to the home (FTTH) passive optical network (PON) systems that run over singlemode cabling.
Home networks have been developed that operate over power lines and CATV coax. These options are generally used when a home is connected to broadband and cabling that supports PC networks is needed inside the home, but the owner does not want to install new cabling.
Power Over Ethernet
The IEEE 802.3 Ethernet committee created a standard for powering network devices such as wireless access points, VoIP phones and surveillance cameras off the spare pairs in a 4-pair UTP cable. The standard was developed when it was realized that there were two unused pairs in the UTP cable at that time. Ethernet up to 100Base-TX, used only pairs 2 and 3, leaving pairs 1 and 4 available to provide power. Later versions of Ethernet used all 4 pairs and the PoE standards were revised to also use all four pairs, allowing for higher power levels.
PoE uses a 48 volt power supply and requires cable of Cat 5 rating or higher. Power may be delivered using what are called midspan devices, dedicated PoE power supplies that can be plugged into links or even patch panels, as well or endspan devices, typically switches designed to provide power as well as function as an Ethernet switch.
More on PoE.
Fiber Optics In Structured Cabling
While UTP copper has dominated premises cabling, fiber optics has become increasingly popular as computer network speeds have risen to the gigabit range and above. Most large corporate or industrial networks use fiber optics for the LAN backbone cabling. Some have also adopted fiber to the desktop using a centralized fiber architecture which can be quite cost effective. Even fiber to the home architectures are being used in premises networks.
Fiber offers several advantages for LAN backbones. The biggest advantage of optical fiber is the fact it can transport more information longer distances in less time than any other communications medium. In addition, it is unaffected by the interference of electromagnetic radiation which makes it possible to transmit information and data through areas with too much interference for copper wiring with less noise and less error, for example in industrial networks in factories. Fiber is smaller and lighter than copper wires which makes it easier to fit in tight spaces or conduits. A properly designed centralized fiber optic network may save costs over copper wiring when the total cost of installation, support, regeneration, etc. are included.
Replacing UTP copper cables to the desktop with fiber optics was never cost effective, as each link requires converters to connect to the copper port on the PC to fiber and another on the hub/switch end unless dedicated hubs/switches with fiber ports are used. Some users did pay that cost, as they expected to upgrade to speeds that would not run on UTP and did not want to install upgrades each time the network speed increased.
However, the solution to cost-effective fiber in the LAN is using centralized fiber (see right side of diagram above.) Since fiber supports longer links than copper, it's possible to build networks without telecom rooms for intermediate connections, just passive fiber optics from the main equipment room to the work area. In the standards, this is known as centralized fiber architecture. Since the telecom room is not necessary, the user saves the cost of the floor space for the telecom room, the cost of providing uninterrupted power and data ground to the telecom room and year-round air conditioning to remove the heat generated by high speed networking equipment. This will usually more than offset the additional cost of the fiber link and save maintenance costs.
Passive Optical LAN (POL)
An alternative to structured cabling has developed from the fiber to the home (FTTH) passive optical network (PON) architecture. FTTH has grown rapidly to now connecting tens of millions of homes worldwide. As a result of its manufacturing volume and unique passive splitter design, the PON has become extremely inexpensive to connect users with voice, data and video over the same network. In 2009, PONs began appearing in corporate networks. Users were adopting these networks because they were cheaper, faster, lower in power consumption, easier to provision for voice, data and video, and easier to manage, since they were originally designed to connect millions of homes for telephone, Internet and TV services.
Like fiber to the home, the key element in the POL is the optical splitter in the fiber distribution hub (FDH) that allows up to 32 users to share the electronics in an OLT (optical line terminal), greatly reducing the system costs. The ONT (optical network terminal) connects to the network over a single fiber and acts as a media converter, connecting phones over conventional copper cables as POTs lines or VoIP and connecting PCs and wireless access points over standard Cat 5e/6 copper patchcords.
Fiber or Copper - or Wireless?
LAN cabling is often perceived as the big battleground of fiber versus copper, but in reality the marketplace has changed. The network user, formerly sitting at a desktop computer screen with cables connecting their computer to the corporate network and a phone connected with another cable, is becoming a relic of the past.
People now want to be mobile. Practically everybody uses a laptop, excepting engineers or graphic designers at workstations, and most of them will have a laptop as a second computer to carry, along with everybody else, to meetings where everybody brings their laptops and connects on WiFi. When was the last time you went to a meeting where you could connect with a cable?
Besides laptops on WiFi, people use Blackberries and iPhones for wireless communications. Some new devices, like the iPhone, allow web browsing
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What’s Happening Here?
OK, here’s the anatomy of a diffraction signature. Continuing with our example, let’s define our baffle as a 9″ wide by 16″ tall mini-speaker with the driver mounted centered on the baffle and only 4″ from the top (or bottom). For the sake of our discussion we will treat this driver as a point source. That places this point source at 4.5″ from both sides and 4″ from the top. This is actually a fairly common location for tweeters, and small woofers may be similarly placed at the other end.
Now, to figure the edge diffraction we need to picture the point source as a point with rays going off in all directions to the baffle edges. The point source is like the point where our frog entered the water. The rays are lines (radii) following those concentric circles moving outward in our pond. Each ray will have a specific distance before it encounters the cabinet edge and diffracts. When it diffracts, like the log in the water, the edge becomes a secondary sound source and some of the acoustic energy is reflected back toward the listener or microphone to combine with the original source with delay. How much delay depends on the frequency and the distance of the ray. Picture a triangle: One side of the triangle is the distance from the driver to the listener. The short side of the triangle is the distance from the driver to the edge of the cabinet. And the hypotenuse of the triangle is diffracted secondary waveform. Because it is longer than the direct path there will be delay and some phase shifts – Just like the phase shifts of our waves in the water combining.
Unfortunately, in our example the point source is very close to the same distance from three different edges (I did this on purpose for our example). It is actually fairly complex because the ray distances will vary continuously as you move around the baffle, encountering edges at the sides, top, bottom, and corners, but a large percentage of them will fall in the range from 4-5.5″ due to the driver placement. This means that the influence of this distance will be much greater in the final result than many other ray distances will be. This distance corresponds to a frequency range of 2.4 kHz – 3.4 kHz with a center point at 3 kHz. When the waveform of sound from the driver moves across the baffle it encounters a sudden discontinuity when it reaches the edge of the enclosure. Frequencies in this range will reach these edges, diffract, and reflect back to the listener delayed out of phase since it is exactly one wavelength. The level will be reduced so there won’t be complete cancellation, but there will be a notch in the diffraction signature centered around 3 kHz. This notch is typical in many mini-monitors due to this distance and the associated diffraction.
On the other hand, the frequencies whose wavelengths are twice this distance, so that a half-wavelength is reaching these edges will diffract to combine with the original source in-phase, but at a lower level. These frequencies will combine constructively and produce an additional gain that could reach +3 dB above the already +6dB, however, since the frequencies will be spread somewhat the gain will be slightly less than the full 9 dB peak. This peak will be twice as wide as the notch described above, and at half the frequency, so it will peak at about 1500 Hz. By the way, due to this peak, and typical crossover points for midwoofers, baffle step could actually appear to be more than the normally discussed 6dB once this hump of +2 to +3 dB is taken into consideration.
Now, we also have some longer rays going to the bottom edge of our enclosure doing the same, these are in the 12-14″ range. This corresponds to a wavelength of just over 1000Hz, so there will be a little down-ripple in the response at this frequency, and a half-wavelength of around 500Hz, so there will be a little up-ripple here due to these distances as well.
So now we have defined the typical baffle step, the peak, and the notch. At frequencies higher than this notch it is all the same mechanism that we have already discussed and applied – only the wavelengths get shorter and the phase of the diffracted sound becomes more randomized, and the ripples get narrower and shorter in amplitude. Diffraction is a form of linear distortion, because it affects the frequency response on a given axis and has a minimum phase relationship, meaning the phase is directly related to the frequency response.
I hope this explains it reasonably well. It is all about ray length, driver location, and the wavelength of the sound reaching the edge and then recombining with the original source either in-phase or some degree out of phase.
How Do You Control Diffraction?
Well, the best way would be to eliminate it, but that would involve mounting the drivers on an infinite baffle, or flush in a wall, and that doesn’t work out very well for most people. For speaker drivers mounted in a typical cabinet you can not eliminate the effects of diffraction from the cabinet, but there are several techniques that compensate for, or reduce the impact these effects significantly.
First, the most obvious diffraction effect for the typical small stand mounted monitor or the tall narrow tower type of speaker is the “baffle step” in the response that was discussed above. Fortunately, this step is fairly smooth and easy to measure on the design axis, because of this it can easily be compensated for in the crossover design. The negative side of this compensation is an apparent reduction in loudspeaker sensitivity of 6dB. The truth is that the original driver sensitivity was rated based on half-space (hemispherical) radiation, and we have adjusted everything to a flat response based on the full-space (Spherical) radiation of lower frequencies. The loss of sensitivity is traded off for flat on-axis frequency response. This trade-off is worth the drop in sensitivity. If you have listened to speakers that do not compensate for this step, the sound can be very thin in the lower midrange and bass, leaving you with a forward, bright, irritating sound.
This leaves us with cabinet edge diffraction. Several different techniques have been employed over the years to reduce the effects of edge diffraction. One of the most effective is the use of a thick felt whose tangle can effectively absorb and diffuse the sound waveform moving along the baffle before it can encounter the edge and then diffract and recombine as described above, creating irregularities in the frequency response. Despite its effectiveness few commercial loudspeakers use felt, mostly for cosmetic reasons, but there are some notable exceptions that have been very successful. Most loudspeaker purchasers though, weigh the appearance of the speaker with the sound presentation when making their selection. As humans, we are strongly visually driven, even when looking for good sound.
Fortunately, there are some techniques that work well in reducing edge diffraction effects and improve the appearance of the loudspeaker at the same time. One thing that needs to be done is to recess each loudspeaker driver so its faceplate or frame is flush with the baffle. It may not seem like it matters at first, but for surface mounted drivers the tweeter’s response will actually be impacted by the diffraction from its own faceplate edges as well as from the frame of the woofer mounted nearby. Flush mounting is an important feature that both aids in diffraction control and improves the appearance at the same time.
Sometimes you will see a tweeter offset from the centerline of a baffle. This asymmetric mounting is also a diffraction control technique. By offsetting the tweeter, the distance from the center of the tweeter to the left edge and the right edge are different distances. This means that the frequencies whose wavelengths correspond to these distances are different too. By offsetting these frequencies you can sometimes smooth the on-axis diffraction signature because the distances to each edge will produce ripples at different frequencies. If carefully designed, these can combine to smooth the response. When using this technique it is important to note that the diffraction signature is asymmetrical too and there is a greater difference in the response whether you move off-axis to the left or to the right compared to a centered tweeter that is symmetrical. Similar to offsetting the tweeter is the technique of “toeing-in” the loudspeaker so you are not directly on-axis. This has a similar effect to offsetting the driver because your off-axis position changes the geometry of how the sound recombines after diffracting off of each edge.
Another technique is to add a large radius to the edges of the cabinet. Many manufacturers will stick with a standard rectangular box with square edges as a cost savings, but the frequency response will have much more variation than it would have if the cabinet was rounded on the edges with a fairly large radius. It is costly to make baffles that are rounded or curved, but the impact on frequency response can be dramatic. The larger the radius or curve usually the better the diffraction control, and the smoother the frequency response will be. Here’s why –
When a waveform is moving across the baffle and encounters a sharp edge with a sudden discontinuity of 90 degrees, there is a very sudden change in the propagation of the wave. The sharp corner acts like an obstacle changing the direction of the wave; the wave diffracts and the edge becomes a secondary source, reradiating sound back towards the original wave, as we have discussed. When a large radius is used the waveform moves across the baffle and tends to follow the radius as it curves away from the front. There is no sudden discontinuity in its path. This does not mean that there is no diffraction, but the larger the radius the lower in frequency the disturbances lie. The large rounded radius accomplishes two things that benefit our diffraction issue: First, the smoother path around the corner of the baffle reduces the amplitude of the disturbance at specific frequencies, thus reducing the overall impact on the frequency response. This occurs because the rounded edge is seen as a “fuzzier” less defined edge, and this spreads the affected frequencies over a wider range than a sharp edge does. Second, as the wave does begin to diffract on this radius part of the energy is redirected at different angles away from the baffle, so less diffracted energy recombines with the direct sound that produce the ripples in the frequency response that I described above.
Finally, a feature that helps to control diffraction is controlled directivity. Our example above treats the loudspeaker driver as a point source. In reality this is not correct. All drivers have an effective radiating width or diameter; the larger this diameter, the greater the directivity of the driver. As a result, less acoustic energy at higher frequencies is able to illuminate the edge of the cabinet that is usually 90 degrees off-axis. (Just look at the 60 and 90 degree off-axis frequency response curves for many drivers for a good example of what I mean). If less energy illuminates the edge, then the strength of the edge source is reduced and so is the diffraction. Even a 1” dome tweeter has significantly reduced energy at 90 degrees off-axis for frequencies above 8 kHz, and for larger drivers this is even less. Properly designed waveguides and horns also control driver directivity and can significantly reduce edge diffraction as well.
For most speakers what is known as “baffle step” is usually best handled in the crossover. It is possible to avoid this step altogether in a three way system if the woofer is placed close to the floor and the crossover point is carefully selected. This allows boundary reinforcement to fill in part of the step. However, for most speakers some shaping of the frequency response is necessary to ensure flat response. When we get to the response irregularities due to edge diffraction it is left to the designer as to how he wants to deal with these. He may choose heavy felt around the drivers. He may choose to use a wave guide. Or he may choose to use rounded edges on the cabinet. He may even choose to leave the issue of diffraction unaddressed, either living with the response ripples or working them into the design in some other way. Of all of the methods used today most people seem to agree that the most aesthetically pleasing method is to recess the loudspeaker drivers flush to the face of the baffle and then shape the baffle with a large round-over, or possibly an even more complex shaping of the baffle. When you see a design like this, remember it is much more than just a pretty face – it is a very effective means of controlling cabinet diffraction and smoothing the overall frequency response.Deposuit potentes de sede, et exaltavit humiles.
He has put down the mighty from their seat, and exalted the lowly.—Luke 1:52
Tradition attributes several paintings and sculptures of Our Lady to St. Luke, among them the Salus Populi Romani, which Pope St. Gregory the Great carried in procession during the plague which ravaged Rome in 590, and the original, Spanish Virgin of Guadalupe. The evangelist and patron saint of artists also crafted an exquisite portrait of Our Lady in the first two chapters of his Gospel, which provide many details unavailable elsewhere.
Twice St. Luke states that Our Lady “kept all these words in her heart.” After the adoration of the shepherds, who have recounted the words of the angels announcing and singing the praises of the Savior’s birth, Luke tells us, “Mary kept all these words, pondering them in her heart” (2:19). Twelve years later, after the boy Jesus is found in the Temple and asks whether Mary and Joseph did not know “that I must be about my father’s business,” we are told that “they understood not the word that he spoke unto them” but that “his mother kept all these words in her heart” (2:49-51). Luke’s repetition draws attention to both episodes, where Our Lady meditates first on the words of angels and then on the words of her Son. In the clarity of her Immaculate Heart, free from the darkening of the intellect that accompanies sin, the Seat of Wisdom nonetheless pondered over the words of angels and kept the inscrutable words of the Lord.
The extraordinary humility and interiority of the Blessed Virgin attested by these verses is one of the themes of a new Madonna by sacred artist Gwyneth Thompson-Briggs. Stylistically indebted to the 17th century Marian devotional images of Giovanni Battista Salvi da Sassoferrato, particularly his Madonna in London’s National Gallery, Gwyneth’s Madonna also incorporates brushwork inspired by Titian and drapery influenced by 15th century Flanders.
“The Sassoferrato Madonnas are studies in regal interiority. Beneath her lapis lazuli robes and her flawless classical face, the Virgin is always deep in mental prayer,” says Gwyneth. “I wanted to portray the same idea: the exaltation of the humble of which Our Lady sang in her Magnificat, and the beatific repose of dwelling in perpetual contemplation of the Word.”
Relying on the National Gallery Madonna as a concept sketch, Gwyneth began by securing fabrics and a model. Then she completed two three-hour graphite sketches with the model. After seeing the first sketch, the patron asked for a more dramatic inclination of the head. “The greater the angle of the head, the greater the challenge of convincingly rendering the foreshortening,” says Gwyneth. Thus, there was less latitude for the model to move her head during and between poses. “Fortunately,” Gwyneth says, “I was working with an excellent model. The dramatic inclination forced me to improve as a painter.”
Gwyneth also completed a color study with the model. She describes the colors, inspired by Sassoferrato, as “the bluest blue and the reddest red.” To achieve their chromatic intensity, Gwyneth used combinations of a saturated, opaque hue overpainted with a saturated, transparent hue. She chose cobalt blue topped with ultramarine and cadmium scarlet topped with alizarin crimson. Other hues were added where necessary to convey the effects of light. In Sassoferrato’s day, ultramarine was extremely costly, because it was made from ground lapis lazuli imported from Afghanistan. It tended to be reserved for sacred figures, especially the Blessed Virgin. The pigment became much more widely available in the 19th century when a synthetic alternative was developed. “I think you can tell the difference,” says Gwyneth. “It’s still a lovely color, but it does not have quite the same splendor.”
After completing graphite and color studies, Gwyneth stretched and gessoed her canvas and transferred her composition from the second graphite study using homemade charcoal paper. She prefers using charcoal to graphite for transferring designs because of its lack of wax. “Charcoal erases very easily,” Gwyneth explains, “and mixes with the surface of the oil paint. It’s more delicate, leaving no distracting lines underneath.” After transferring the design, Gwyneth went over the lines with a bit of watercolor. “It’s more permanent than charcoal, but not as harsh as graphite,” she says. Next Gwyneth blocked in broad areas of neutrals.
Gwyneth began to paint the drapery first. She built a mannequin and carefully placed fabric to create sumptuous folds. “The drapery is crucial because it conveys the transfigured state of Our Lady as Queen of Heaven,” says Gwyneth. “This is very far from a historical depiction of a poor woman from Galilee. Her humility would come into play in the face and hands, but in the drapery, I sought to convey only glory.” In preparing and painting the drapery, Gwyneth looked to Flemish paintings by Jan van Eyck and Rogier van Weyden. “There’s this wonderful Northern Renaissance sense of gravity acting on fabric, she explains. “It conveys both the luxuriance of the materials, but also the perpetuity of heavenly glory. They dipped their fabrics in starch to keep them in place; I simply painted them without a live model.”
After developing the fabric on the canvas, Gwyneth brought back the model and worked directly from her to paint the face and hands. Between sessions with the model, Gwyneth idealized from imagination. “I think that’s the only way not to paint a portrait. You have to paint without the model in front of you,” says Gwyneth. “Then, when it starts to look unnatural, you use the model again to bring it back to nature. The goal is not to disfigure, but to transfigure. As a painter of sacred subjects especially, I’m aiming for a supernatural beauty, not an unnatural beauty—which is another name for ugliness anyway.” Gwyneth’s method was taken for granted in the Renaissance and Baroque eras, but is rare today. “On the one hand, there are artists who are trained in classical realist ateliers to paint like the French academics. They simulate nature, without surpassing it. On the other hand, there are artists who are convinced that only Byzantine distortion is legitimate for sacred art. There are very few trying to strike the Renaissance and Baroque balance. That’s what I’m trying to do, and trying to encourage young painters to rediscover,” says Gwyneth.
In modeling her paints, Gwyneth departed from Sassoferrato, turning to Giorgione and his pupil, Titian. “Sassoferrato used a heavier application of opaque paint,” explains Gwyneth. “I became interested in varying the opacity and layering the paint in several levels. It’s a technique developed especially in Venice in the 15th century, and brought to mastery by Titian in the 16th. The paint quality trades some of the gemlike nature of a smoother surface for a much more sophisticated rendering of light.” The technique is especially suited to rendering lace, which Gwyneth chose for the Madonna’
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o. Tutte cose che fatichiamo a ricordarci quando cresciamo. Ma forse diventare genitori serve anche a questo: a farci indicare la strada, e farci insegnare da quei piccoli puffi cosa sia davvero importante nella vita. Un ultimo cioccolatino e chiudi il tuo tuffo nel passato. La calzetta è pronta. La poggi con cura sotto l’albero e te ne vai a dormire… e non vedi l’ora che sia mattina per poter vedere la faccia di tua figlia di fronte a quella sorpresa tanto attesa.Definition of syphering
n. - The lapping of chamfered edges of planks to make a smooth surface, as for a bulkhead. 2
The word "syphering" uses 9 letters: E G H I N P R S Y.
No direct anagrams for syphering found in this word list.
Words formed by adding one letter before or after syphering (in bold), or to eghinprsy in any order:
n - phrensying
All words formed from syphering by changing one letter
Browse words starting with syphering by next letterبه گزارش اقتصادنیوز به نقل از اکوایران ، دو نیروی قدرتمند در هفته های اخیر در بازار ارز با یکدیگر برخورد کرده اند. در یک سمت، معامله گرانی قرار دارند که سعی می کنند با برجسته کردن احتمال عدم احیای برجام و افزایش فشارهای تحریمی، سمت تقاضای بازار را تقویت کنند و زمینه ساز ورود دوباره خریداران احتیاطی به معاملات شوند. در سوی دیگر، بازارساز قرار دارد که گفته می شود با اهرم عرضه قابل توجه دلار مانع از اثرگذاری معنادار بازیگران افزایشی شده است.
به باور برخی تحلیل گران، هیچ کدام از این نیروها در هفته های اخیر نتوانسته است به طور کامل دیگری را از صحنه خارج شود و بازار بیشتر در کانال ۳۲ هزار تومان به تعادل رسیده است. به نظر می رسد قدرت در بازار به نوعی توزیع شده است که هیچ گروهی در بازار توانایی غلبه بر دیگری را نداشته است و شکلی از موازنه قدرت در معاملات برقرار شده است.
اگر واقعا توازن قوا در بازار وجود داشته باشد، نمی توان انتظار داشت که دلار در ابتدای هفته جاری تغییرات قیمتی معناداری را تجربه کند. با این حال برخی معامله گران با توجه به نوسانات کاهشی پشت خطی، انتظار دارند بازار در ابتدای روز جاری، حرکت خود به سوی ابتدای کانال ۳۲ هزار تومانی را آغاز کند. بازیگران فنی باور دارند تا زمانی که دلار بالای محدوده ۳۲ هزار و ۸۰۰ تومان قرار دارد، اتفاق کاهشی خاصی در بازار رخ نخواهد داد.برای کمک به معامله گران برای ورود با قیمت مناسب با شناسایی مکان های استراتژیک برای معاملات، توقف ضرر یا قیمت های هدف استفاده می شود.
پروجکشن فیبوناچی یک ابزار محبوب در میان معامله گران فنی است و بر اساس سری اعداد فیبوناچی کلیدی است.
ایده اصلی پشت پروجکشن فیبوناچی این است که بازارها بخش قابل پیشبینی حرکت را دوباره دنبال میکنند، پس از آن به حرکت در جهت اصلی ادامه میدهند و بالاتر از نوسان قبلی گسترش مییابند.
همچنین برای تعیین سطح حمایت و مقاومت استفاده می شود. پیش بینی های فیبوناچی نسبت هایی هستند که برای شناسایی سطوح معکوس بالقوه استفاده می شوند و محبوب ترین پیش بینی های فیبوناچی 161. 8 درصد و 261. 8 درصد هستند.
این برای کمک به معامله گران با شناسایی مکان های استراتژیک برای معاملات، توقف ضرر یا قیمت های هدف استفاده می شود. با این حال، برای تأیید سیگنال ها یا شرایط شناسایی شده توسط ابزارهای تجزیه و تحلیل فنی اضافی بسیار مؤثر است.
ساخت و کار پروجکشن فیبوناچی
داستان های مرتبط
درک فرمول اساسی مورد استفاده برای ساخت سطوح پروجکشن فیبوناچی می تواند به معامله گران کمک کند تا در هنگام معامله در سناریوهای پیچیده تصمیمی محتاطانه بگیرند. اعداد فیبوناچی دنباله ای از اعداد هستند که در آن هر عدد متوالی حاصل جمع دو عدد قبلی است.
نسبت های فیبوناچی
1، 1، 2، 3، 5، 8، 13، 21، 34، 55، 89، 144، 233 و غیره.
دنباله فیبوناچی از 0 1 شروع می شود و هر عدد پس از آن با مجموع دو عدد قبلی ساخته می شود. هر عدد در دنباله فیبوناچی 61. 8 درصد عدد بعدی است.
پروجکشن فیبوناچی
همانند سایر مطالعات فیبوناچی، سطوح کلیدی پروجکشن فیبوناچی با انجام عملیات ریاضی بر روی اعداد سری جمعبندی فیبوناچی و نتایج آن عملیات یافت میشوند. همان سطوح مورد استفاده در پسوندهای قیمت فیبوناچی در پیش بینی های فیبوناچی استفاده می شود.
کاربرد پیش بینی های فیبوناچی با سایر مطالعات متفاوت است زیرا به دو موج قیمت نیاز است، یعنی موج اولیه و یک موج تکمیل شده در جهت مخالف. سپس پیش بینی قیمت فیبوناچی از انتهای حرکت خلاف روند پیش بینی می شود.
شکل 1. محاسبات نقاط طرح ریزی فیبوناچی
برای ترسیم پیش بینی های فیبوناچی باید روند اصلی بازار را درک کنیم. ما از سه نقطه قیمت برای ترسیم پیش بینی های فیبوناچی استفاده خواهیم کرد.
به عنوان مثال، اگر روند اصلی صعودی باشد و یک نوسان پایین (A همانطور که در تصویر زیر نشان داده شده است) و بالا (B همانطور که در تصویر زیر نشان داده شده است) از روند صعودی شناسایی کرده باشیم و به دنبال آن یک اصلاح کوچک (B-C زیر) ازحرکت فوق (A-B). به احتمال زیاد طول موج صعودی بعدی با نسبت فیبوناچی خواهد بود.
شکل 2. ساخت نسبت های طرح ریزی فیبوناچی
در تصویر اول بالا، در طول یک روند صعودی، ما یک حرکت رو به بالا از A به B و سپس تصحیح به سمت C را دیدهایم. نقطه پایان احتمالی حرکت بالا بعدی را میتوان با استفاده از نسبتهای فیبوناچی ترسیم کرد: 38. 2 درصد، 50 درصد، 61. 8 درصد، 100درصد، 138. 2 درصد، 161. 8 درصد، 261. 8 درصد و غیره از نقطه شروع 'C'. درصد
>طرح فیبوناچی در اکثر پلتفرم های معاملاتی مانند Tradingview و MetaTrader در دسترس است. ابزار طرح فیبوناچی همچنین در بسیاری از سایتهای ترسیم نمودار آنلاین رایگان مانند Investing. com، StockCharts. com و Yahoo!دارایی، مالیه، سرمایه گذاری.
>سطوح پروجکشن فیبوناچی اغلب برای ارائه مناطق بالقوه مورد علاقه استفاده می شود.
>بر خلاف میانگین های متحرک ، سطح طرح ریزی فیبوناچی قیمت های استاتیک است. آنها تغییر نمی کنند. این امکان شناسایی سریع و ساده را فراهم می کند و به معامله گران و سرمایه گذاران اجازه می دهد تا هنگام آزمایش سطح قیمت واکنش نشان دهند. از آنجا که این سطح نقاط تورم است ، معامله گران انتظار دارند نوعی اقدام قیمت ، یا استراحت یا رد باشد.
>مفهوم طرح ریزی همچنین در بسیاری از شاخص ها مانند سطح تیرون ، الگوهای گارتلی ، تئوری موج الیوت و موارد دیگر استفاده می شود.
>مانند همه شاخص های فنی ، استفاده از طرح ریزی فیبوناچی در رابطه با سایر ابزارهای تحلیل فنی مهم است.
تکنیک تجارت
ابزار طرح ریزی Fibonacci خطوط اصلاح درصد را بر اساس رابطه ریاضی در سری توالی فیبوناچی ترسیم می کند. این نسبت ها را می توان با سایر شاخص ها و الگوهای قیمت ترکیب کرد تا یک استراتژی کلی ایجاد شود. می توان به طور عمده از طرح ریزی فیبوناچی برای هدف رزرو سود استفاده کرد.
شکل 3. طرح ریزی و اهداف فیبوناچی
(نویسنده رئیس است - تحقیقات فنی و مشتق در Narnolia Financial Advisors Ltd.)
سلب مسئولیت: دیدگاه ها و نکات سرمایه گذاری بیان شده توسط کارشناس سرمایه گذاری در مورد MoneyControl. com خودش است و نه از وب سایت یا مدیریت آن. MoneyControl. com به کاربران توصیه می کند قبل از تصمیم گیری در مورد سرمایه گذاری ، با کارشناسان معتبر تماس بگیرند.EARLY CHILDHOOD (PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOL) TEACHER
ANZSCO Code: 241111
Plans, organises and conducts activities to help pre-primary school students to develop a wide variety of skills including speech, reading, writing, motor skills and social interaction. Registration or licensing is required.
- Preschool Director
Group: EARLY CHILDHOOD (PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOL) TEACHERS
ANZSCO Code: 2411
EARLY CHILDHOOD (PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOL) TEACHERS teach the basics of numeracy, literacy, music, art and literature to early childhood (pre-primary) students and promote students' social, emotional, intellectual and physical development.
- planning and structuring learning in both indoor and outdoor environments using a variety of materials and equipment to facilitate students' development
- providing a variety of experiences and activities to develop motor skills, cooperative social skills, confidence and understanding
- promoting language development through story telling, role play, songs, rhymes and informal discussions held individually and within groups
- observing students to evaluate progress and to detect signs of ill health, emotional disturbance and other disabilities
- observing nutritional health, welfare and safety needs of students and identifying factors which may impede students' progress
- discussing students' progress with parents
- attending parent interviews, and staff and committee meetings
- participating in community and family support programs as appropriate
- supervising student teachers on placementIncreased expression of certain ER membrane proteins leads to biogenesis of novel ER membrane arrays. These structures provide models in which to explore the mechanisms by which cells control the size and organization of organelles in response to changing physiological demands. In yeast, elevated levels of HMG-CoA reductase induce ER arrays known as karmellae. Cox and co-workers (1997) discovered that karmellae assembly is toxic to ire1 mutants. These mutants are unable to initiate the unfolded protein response, which enables cells to adjust levels of ER chaperones in response to stresses. We sought to determine whether the karmellae-dependent death of ire1 mutants was due to karmellae assembly or to increased levels of HMG-CoA reductase activity. Unexpectedly, we found that ire1 cells could assemble normal levels of karmellae that were structurally identical to those of wild-type cells. In addition, karmellae assembly did not itself induce the unfolded protein response. Certain ire1 strains produced significant numbers of transformants that were unable to utilize galactose as sole carbon source. These results suggest that the karmellae-dependent death of certain ire1 strains may simply reflect their inability to grow on galactose.
- ER quality control
- HMG-CoA reductaseTopraklama bugün elektrik ve elektronik sistemlerin temelini oluşturur. İyi bir topraklama sistemi, koruma elamanlarının tam performanslı çalışmasından, sürdürülebilir bir üretime herşeyi içine alır. OBO Bettermann mühendisleri olarak, topraklamanın en temellerinden başlayarak, doğru ürün seçimi, adım gerilimi, mess yöntemine birçok noktada konuları ele aldık. Hemen formu doldurarak kitapçığınızı ücretsiz bir şekilde indirebilirsiniz.This study examined the effects of observed climate including [CO2] on winter cereal [winter wheat (Triticum aestivum), barley (Hordeum vulgare) and oat (Avena sativa)] yields by adopting robust statistical analysis/modelling approaches (i.e. autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average, generalised addition model) based on long time series of historical climate data and cereal yield data at three locations (Moree, Dubbo and Wagga Wagga) in New South Wales, Australia. Research results show that (1) growing season rainfall was significantly, positively and non-linearly correlated with crop yield at all locations considered; (2) [CO2] was significantly, positively and non-linearly correlated with crop yields in all cases except wheat and barley yields at Wagga Wagga; (3) growing season maximum temperature was significantly, negatively and non-linearly correlated with crop yields at Dubbo and Moree (except for barley); and (4) radiation was only significantly correlated with oat yield at Wagga Wagga. This information will help to identify appropriate management adaptation options in dealing with the risk and in taking the opportunities of climate change.
- Atmospheric CO concentration
- Autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average
- Generalised additive model
- Season and non-season rainfall
- Seasonal temperature
- Winter cereal yieldsIs leptin making you fat?
CHANCES are, you have never heard of leptin. This hormone is, however, very important in the control of fat storage and energy metabolism.
Leptin is a hormone or chemical messenger produced by fat cells. It acts on the brain, causing us to crave food less and feel less hungry. So when we eat enough to increase the amount of fat stored, the fat cells use leptin as a signal to tell the brain that the body has enough energy stored, so stop eating so much. The brain will also speed up the metabolism as leptin has informed it that there are enough energy stores to allow increased energy expenditure.
The opposite is also true. In times of starvation when the fat stores fall, leptin production gets less. The brain senses the low leptin levels, gets the message that the fat stores are low, and increases hunger and cravings. This serves to replenish the fat stores. The metabolic rate also slows down to preserve what little fat there is stored in the body. So it's like giving you information on your bank account — when you should deposit more or when you can save less and afford to spend more.
This regulation of fat stores and energy use works quite well normally. However, in some obese persons, there is a condition called leptin resistance. The overweight individual has a significant amount of fat stored, which triggers the fat cells to release high doses of leptin. These high levels of leptin would normally signal the brain to eat less and speed up metabolism. In leptin resistance, the brain cannot sense the high levels of leptin. Instead it thinks that there are low leptin levels and the individual continues to crave food and feel hungry. The metabolism may also slow down, leading to further weight gain.
If you are experiencing cravings and feel hungry all the time even though you are overweight, you might have leptin resistance. High leptin levels are associated with high blood pressure, obesity, heart disease as well as insulin resistance which may lead to diabetes.
There is no magic cure for leptin resistance. We can only reverse it with a proper diet and exercise programme. Avoiding leptin resistance in the first place is your best bet at staying healthy. Here are some tips to avoid and treat leptin resistance.
1. Avoid high fructose corn syrup (HFCS)
Good luck with this! HFCS is added to many processed foods from sodas to pickles and even medicine. It has been linked to weight gain, heart attacks, stroke and diabetes. As it is everywhere, you need to wean yourself from processed foods to avoid HFCS.
2. Avoid eating carbohydrates with a high glycaemic index
Carbohydrates that raise your blood sugar rapidly also raise your insulin levels rapidly. This insulin converts the high sugar load into fat for storage. Examples of high glycaemic food include bread, rice, Irish potatoes and table sugar.
3. Do not overeat
Eating when bored, while watching TV and eating beyond the point when you no longer feel hungry are ways in which you are overriding the leptin hunger control mechanism. After a while the brain stops listening to leptin if you choose to ignore its signal to stop eating.
This is very important to keep the stress hormone levels low and to avoid stress eating. Stress has been linked to high levels of leptin and subsequent leptin resistance.
Lack of sleep has also been associated with elevated leptin levels and leptin resistance.
Regular exercise will not only burn excess fat but will help to relieve stress and regulate the body's metabolic rate.
Dr Alfred Dawes is a consultant general, laparoscopic and obesity surgeon at Premier Heart and Surgery Centre, and managing director, Mahogany Health and Fitness. Contact him at firstname.lastname@example.org.شمار قربانیان کرونا در روسیه از 7هزار نفر گذشت
به گزارش دکترای اقتصاد، در روسیه طی روز گذشته با ابتلای حدود 8 هزار نفر دیگر، تعداد کل افراد آلوده شده به ویروس کرونا به 545 هزار و 458 نفر رسید که تا به امروز 7 هزار و 231 نفر از این افراد جان خود را از دست داده اند.
همراه دور زمین باشید و با تور ارزان روسیه از کاخ کرملین دیدن کنید و در شهرهای زیبای مسکو و سوچی گشتی بزنید و خاطرات زیبایی برای خود رقم بزنید.
به گزارش گروه بین الملل خبرنگاران به نقل از خبرگزاری تاس، ستاد عملیاتی پیشگیری و کنترل ویروس کرونا در روسیه امروز، سه شنبه بیان کرد که تعداد موارد آلودگی جدید ویروس کرونا که طی یک روز گذشته د این کشور مشاهده شده، 8 هزار و 248 نفر بوده و بدین ترتیب در مجموع در روسیه تا به امروز 545 هزار و 458 نفر به این عفونت آلوده شده اند.
بر اساس این اطلاعات، رشد روزانه موارد ابتلا 1.5 درصد است که نسبت به روز قبل یک دهم درصد کاهش یافته است. بطور معین: موارد جدید شناسایی شده 1416 نفر در شهر مسکو، 694 مورد در منطقه مسکو، 319 مورد در منطقه ایرکوتسک، 234 مورد در سن پترزبورگ و 231 مورد در منطقه سه وردلوفسک بوده است. در بین افراد آلوده شده جدید، 2 هزار و 580 نفر (35.8 درصد) هیچیک از علائم بیماری را ندارند. در حال حاضر، 243 هزار و 868 نفر در همه مناطق فدرال روسیه در حال درمان هستند.
این ستاد همچنین یادآور شده که تعداد بیماران مرخص شده در طول 24 ساعت گذشته که قبلاً ویوس کرونا در آنها تشخیص داده شده بود، به 9 هزار و 767 نفر افزایش یافت تا تعداد کل بیماران بهبود یافته به رقم 294 هزار و 306 نفر برسد.
در روسیه تعداد موارد درمان شده 54 درصد از کل موارد
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tua madre ha guidato
con noi fino a Mergellina.
Eri prigioniera del tuo film,
Mirta, e lunedì hai ucciso
la tua bellezza. Suono di
campane senza festa.
Raffaele Piazza
mercoledì 19 luglio 2017
domenica 16 luglio 2017
venerdì 14 luglio 2017
Alessia e la spiaggia della gioia
Scivola sull'asfalto di Alessia
l'auto nell'avvicinarsi
alla spiaggia del golfo mistico.
Napoli in vetrina come una donna
per ragazza Alessia nell'erba
della verde verità. Si staglia la
visione del mare verde nell'azzurro
del cielo e degli occhi di Alessia
protesa alla gioia delle onde
e delle acque del sale e del sabato.
Non sono prove di danza
ma vita senza esistere nuotando.
Dalla cabina esce Alessia
nel tuffarsi in un'anfora di fresco
sotto le solari candele
del consecutivo luglio.
Raffaele PiazzaOctober 22, 1937: "Construction of one and one half miles of high standard trail from Needles Ridge Road above Quaking Aspen to the Needles has been practically completed by Civilian Conservation Corps men working out of the Springville camp. The trail was constructed in order that the forest service could erect the new lookout station to be built there. The Needles was one of the points selected in the statewide visibility study for a permanent lookout station. Owing to the extreme precipitousness of the Needle, it will be necessary to construct a stairway to the top." (The Fresno Bee The Republican)
August 19, 1938: "CCC enrollees engaged in the construction of a lookout building on the Needles rock, immediately west of Kern river and approximately 42 miles north of Kernville, are finding the same problems which might be encountered by those who construct the skyscrapers of Manhattan, according to a report from the offices of Forest Supervisor J.E. Elliott of the Sequoia National Forest. The building is being constructed on the tip of the Needle at an elevation of more than 8000 feet. The area of the tip is approximately 14 feet by 14 feet with a sheer drop on three sides varying from 60 to more than 400 feet. A picked crew of boys who are sure-footed and unaffected by height are working with safety belts." (Bakersfield Californian)
September 21, 1939: "Millard R. James, a ranger, spends all but two days a month 'sitting on top of the world' alone in a cabin perched atop the 8,200-foot Needles Rock--most precipitous fire lookout station in the west. His only exercise is climbing the narrow wooden stairs up the needle shaped rock. Materials for the cabin's construction were carried up the rock piece by piece after being transported from the nearest road by pack animal." (The Cullman Democrat - Alabama)
August 29, 1942: "A severe quake was reported at 8:55 P.M. at the Frog Meadow and Tobias guard stations. The forest men reported a rumbling noise accompanied the tremor. The Needles lookout stated the vibration was very severe at his station, and people at Quaking Aspen were awakened from their sleep. (The Fresno Bee The Republican)
June 12, 1972: "A 270-acre fire that started early Sunday in the Sequoia National Forest north of the Needles Lookout and the Kern River 33 miles northeast of Porterville, is still burning out of control. Forestry officials said there will be 400 to 500 men on the fire tonight including crews from the Angeles and Sierra Forests. Forestry officials feared the fire would grow due to the steepness of the terrain. Many areas are too steep to build fire lines on, officials said. There are seven air-tankers dropping retardants around the clock and helicopters will be ferrying men into the fire area. Ironically, the fire, which started near the Needles Lookout Station, first was spotted by the pilot of a reconnaissance plane searching for lightning "sleepers." Marie Cox, who is stationed in the lookout, did not see the smoke or flames until after the initial report had been made. Because the flames were heading for the tower, she was ordered by telephone to evacuate her position. By the time help arrived, she was packed and ready and walked nearly a mile to the road's end. Ultimately the fire switched its course, and she went back on duty." (Fresno Bee)
August 21, 1975: "Using hand tools only, a crew of six cleared the Needles Lookout Trail. Brush that had overgrown the 1 1/2 mile trail was cut and removed to provide hikers a safe pathway." (Bakersfield Californian)
July 28, 2011: The lookout was destroyed by a structure fire that was not related to the nearby Lion Fire that had been burning for several weeks. Reports indicate the fire was started by an ember from the wood burning heating stove in the lookout, and that the ember fell to the shingled roof and the lookout staff was unable to extinguish the fire and was forced to flee.@
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本书叙述了包括军火工业、硫酸工业、纯碱工业、电化学工业、化肥工业、医药工业等我国近代时期主要化学工业的兴起、发展、起伏、兴衰的历史，作者以尽可能充实的资料、产量数据来描述这些过程，并对这些行业在国际上发展的总趋势和技术更新换代的状况作了简明的讲解，以便读者从宏观上了解中国近代工业振兴的紧迫形势和国际水平的巨大差距，也体会到处于半殖民地境况下旧中国化学工业在列强挤压下举步维艰，但国人又坚韧不拔、顽强拼搏的气概。
这些精彩的篇幅，让人恍如回到那个年代，既令人更深地了解那时的国情，又激励人们更加珍视和把握现实。
本书可供从事化学、化工的科技人员、管理人员及其他有关人员学习和参考。
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feed: rss 2.0Last month Ireland and many other parts of Europe experienced record-breaking temperatures due to sweltering conditions that swept across the continent.
Dublin’s Phoenix Park recorded the highest temperature since its weather station opened in the early 1800s, reaching 33 degrees on Monday, July 18th at around 3:30pm.
The temperature, which is the highest ever recorded in Dublin, is 8 degrees higher than the station’s long-term average.
It is also the second highest temperature on record for Ireland, being 0.3 degrees below the all-time record of 33.3 degrees observed at Kilkenny Castle on June 26th, 1887.
But this isn’t the first heatwave the country has experienced, and they are becoming more frequent, intense and lasting longer, according to Met Éireann, which said it is being driven by human-caused climate change.
A heatwave in Ireland is defined as five consecutive days with a maximum temperature in excess of 25 degrees.
Met Éireann issued its first ever Status Orange high temperature warning for six counties, with the mercury topping 30 degrees in some areas.
The warning was issued for Cavan, Monaghan, south Leitrim, Roscommon, Longford, and Westmeath, while a status yellow heat warning was applied countrywide for the week.
The summer of this year was one of the warmest and driest on record for Ireland and most of northwestern Europe, during which time heatwaves were recorded at 15 stations.
Oak Park weather station in Co Carlow notched up an 11-day heatwave in late June, the longest heatwave in the last 20 years. Absolute and partial drought conditions prevailed for much of June and July.
The hottest spell in Ireland was in mid-July, with the highest temperature, 32.3 degrees, recorded at Elphin, Co Roscommon on July 19th of that year.
Kilkenny had 29 consecutive days in July when temperatures exceeded 20 degrees, nine of which were 25 degrees or higher.
Ireland experienced sweltering heat in August, particularly between the 4th and 8th, when temperatures topped 25 degrees in many places during the day and remained above 15 degrees at night.
August 8th was the hottest day of the year when the Mayo weather stations of Belmullet and Claremorris recorded values of 27.7 degrees and 29.5 degrees respectively.
The summer of 1995 is one of the warmest on record. Kilkenny had 27 days where temperatures exceed 25 degrees, and recorded the highest temperature of the summer at 30.8 degrees on August 2nd.
Two heatwaves were experienced in Ireland this year. The first was between July 10th and July 16th, while the second occurred between August 15th and 26th.
The July heatwave saw water shortages emerge as the extreme heat caused drought conditions.
By the time it ended, the three-month heatwave during the summer of this year had caused the worst drought in 150 years.
Boora, Co Offaly recorded a temperature of 32.5 degrees on June 29th, and was the fifth day in a row when the mercury had breached 32 degrees.ديميتري مدڤيديڤ، رئيس جمهور روسيه ميگويد روابط کشورش با چين اکنون يک قوۀ محرکه در صحنۀ جهاني است و ديگر ناديده گرفته نميشود.
رهبر کرملين امروز بمحصلين در يونيورستي پيکنگ گفت جامعۀ بين المللي ديگر نيمتواند بدون اين دو کشور تصاميم عمده را اتخاذ نمايد. و او گفت روسيه به علائق نزديک با چين ادامه خواهد داد ولو که اين نزديکي ساير کشورها را ناراحت بسازد.
اين تبصره هاي مدڤيديڤ در روز دوم بازديد او از چين بعمل آمد.
او روز خود را با گذاشتن اکليل گل در آبدۀ قهرمانان ملت در ميدان تيانان من بيجنگ آغاز کرد.
او همچنان با وو بنگوو رئيس کنگرۀ ملي مردم ملاقات کرده و بر ضرورت همکاري هاي بيشتر بين پارلمان هاي روسيه و چين تاکيد کرد.Culture is a word we hear a lot in Christian circles these days. We hear of a “cultural malaise,” ponder “culture wars,” talk about how America has ceased to be a “Christian culture” and are encouraged to be “culture makers.” All of these uses of the term are helpful for thinking about how Christians can cultivate and contribute to the world we are called to serve.
Because we as men and women are created in the image of a creative God, we will be forming culture in our own world, however big or small its impact may seem at the time. And sometimes that’s the problem. We feel discouraged because our world does seem so small. What contributions could we possibly make? Do we really think the small culture we create could make a difference now, influence the larger culture, or (even more of a long shot) affect culture in the future?
Thankfully, we don’t need to look far for inspiration. Key women throughout history, some who held positions of influence during their own lifetime and many who did not, have impacted culture in ways they did not think likely or even possible at the time. What could a barbarian woman, runaway nun, a slave, a handicapped woman and the women in your life have in common? They have shaped culture, in big and small ways, to the glory of God.
1. Clothilda, Queen of Burgundy
Women played an important role in the Christianization of barbarian tribes after the fall of the Roman Empire. Several queens are “on record” as influencing the spread of Christianity in their realm, and none more so than this queen.
When Clothilda married Clovis, king of Burgundy, she sought an expansion of Christ’s kingdom as much as a political alliance between their powerful families. In a pattern typical of barbarian kings, Clovis first rejected his wife’s Christian religion, though he allowed their children to be baptized into it. As time passed, through discussions with her as well as a battle victory he attributed to the Christian God under her influence, Clovis was baptized and 3,000 of his subjects followed suit.
Clothilda also influenced her children to follow the Christian God, and we know one of them went on to help take the gospel to the Anglo-Saxons in what would become England. While no historian would argue that all early medieval baptisms truly represented the personal salvation of those who submitted to it, neither would they under estimate the impact Christianity had on the Franks in the coming centuries. A woman named Clothilda had much to do with that.
2. Katherine von Bora
Fast forward several centuries to the 1500s. Martin Luther, the famous reformer, was shaking things up in the established church, and his writings influenced a small but apparently very determined group of women in a cloister to bolt. Katherine was 18 when Luther published his 95 Theses. After a few years, she and a group of 10 other nuns decided the monastic life was not God’s only path for women of faith and hatched a plan to escape. Unable to turn to their families for help, they secretly wrote to Luther asking for his help. On Easter of 1523, 11 nuns were hidden in a cooperative merchant’s wagon and driven out of the convent forever.
While this story seems like an exciting undercover escape, it’s hard for us to realize the social shame these women risked in taking such a bold step. Since they could not return to their families, Luther realized they needed other places to go and sought husbands for them. He even married one himself. Saying his marriage would “please his father, rile the pope, cause the angels to laugh and the devils to weep,” Luther wed Katherine von Bora in 1525 when she was age 26 and he 42.
The pattern of family life Katherine established as Mrs. Luther set a standard for decades to come. Women no longer had to seek a life of celibacy in order to show their devotion to God. She illustrated that the life of a wife and mother devoted to running a household, which she did efficiently under hard circumstances, are just as much a discipline of grace and means of sanctification as the cloistered life. Her living example as a pastor’s wife influenced the culture and opened up a whole new area of what we often call women’s ministry.
3. Harriet Tubman
Harriet Tubman’s story may be familiar to you. Born a slave named Araminta Ross in Maryland, Tubman stood just 5 feet tall. But her courage and tireless devotion to the cause of justice for black slaves cause her tower over many of her peers. She herself escaped from slavery around age 30, but her determination to assist hundreds of other enslaved people escape southern plantations and travel northward, often all the way to Canada, has earned her a prominent place in American history. By her own estimation, she freed a thousand slaves, and she came to be known as the “Moses” of her people.
At a time when people of color, and women in particular, were forced to endure hardships most of us cannot imagine, Harriet Tubman stood against the tide of law and tradition, saying she had it all “reasoned out” in her mind. She had a right to either liberty or death, and if she could not have one she would have the other. Most of us do not need to break the law in order to have an impact for good on our culture. We do not risk arrest, imprisonment or worse for our determination to live out our beliefs. But the strength and conviction of women like Harriet Tubman — who have risked those things for the sake of forging a more just world for themselves but others — should inspire courage in all of us.
4. Joni Eareckson Tada
50 years ago this summer, a 17-year-old girl suffered a life-altering diving accident, and the world gained a life-affirming advocate, although neither realized it at the time. For decades now, Joni Eareckson Tada has worked to highlight the humanity and dignity of people with disabilities, and more recently, other groups our society tends to views as dispensible such as the unborn, elderly and terminally ill. Although few people would have chosen the accident, Tada credits the Lord with putting her in a unique position to speak up for the weak and disabled in American society and around the world.
When her accident occurred in 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court had yet to legalize abortion on demand, and no one was seriously debating the idea of “assisted suicide.” As the citizens of the United States began to breath the toxic air of the culture of death, abortion gained acceptability, so that even national politicians could campaign on the promise of keeping it not only legal, but making it as widely available as possible. As this turn of events undermined the sanctity of human life, Joni Eareckson Tada began to fight what she called the “better off dead than disabled” mentality which permeates euthanasia advocacy. Today, her organization “Joni and Friends” is a global force advocating for the dignity of all human beings and encouraging Chrstians to take
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patch per una vulnerabilità 0-day di Firefox utilizzata per attaccare vari obiettivi. Poco dopo, Motherboard ha scoperto come fosse stata sfruttata anche contro i visitatori di The Giftbox Exchange, un sito web di pedopornografia del dark web e, secondo alcune fonti, dei terzi hanno eseguito la stessa operazione per conto delle forze dell'ordine. Il malware dovrebbe consentire di identificare gli indirizzi IP dei visitatori di un sito.
In seguito, è emerso che l'Europol è probabilmente connessa a un'indagine riguardante il sito. La notizia mette in evidenza come, mentre i criminali continuano a utilizzare tecnologie per garantire l'anonimato, come Tor, gli investigatori si rivolgono sempre più ad esperti esterni e agli strumenti di hacking per sorvegliare il cosiddetto dark web.
A dicembre, Motherboard ha ha presentato una richiesta di accesso all'Europol per visionare i documenti relativi a Giftbox Exchange, altrimenti noto come Giftbox. Giovedì l'agenzia ha dichiarato di aver trovato due file correlati: una presentazione in PowerPoint e un documento operativo classificato EU/restricted. Questa classificazione serve a proteggere informazioni che, se divulgate, potrebbero portare "svantaggi" agli obiettivi della UE, secondo quanto riportato in un documento della Commissione europea.
L'Europol ha rifiutato di rilasciare i documenti, ma l'argomentazione dell'agenzia ci fornisce qualche chiave di lettura riguardo alla sua recente attività correlata a Giftbox.
"I documenti contengono informazioni operative sensibili destinate a essere utilizzate solamente dalle forze dell'ordine, la cui divulgazione metterebbe a repentaglio le operazioni portate avanti da parte delle autorità degli Stati membri e dei paesi terzi nella lotta contro lo sfruttamento sessuale dei minori," si legge in una mail dell'Europol.
Secondo una voce pubblicata su Uncensored Hidden Wiki, una sorta di enciclopedia del dark web, Giftbox è stato lanciato nel luglio 2015, con post in inglese, tedesco, francese, spagnolo e olandese. A un certo punto della sua esistenza, il sito avrebbe raccolto qualcosa come 45.000 utenti .
A novembre 2016, qualcuno ha immesso del codice malevolo JavaScript in Giftbox. Una parte di questo codice è a disposizione del pubblico e ricorda quello utilizzato dall'FBI per attaccare una serie di altri siti pedopornografici del dark web, progettato per fare breccia nelle protezioni di Tor e ottenere il reale indirizzo IP di un visitatore. Probabilmente, il codice è stato immesso dopo che un utente si è loggato al sito e Giftbox ha chiuso poco dopo la scoperta del codice. (Secondo la voce di Uncensored Hidden Wiki, il sito è ancora offline). Intorno al momento dell'attacco, il payload del malware puntava all'indirizzo IP 184.108.40.206; un server ospitato da OVH in Francia.
Due fonti hanno rivelato in precedenza a Motherboardche, lo scorso anno, Exodus Intelligence, una società di ricerca statunitense, ha venduto l'exploit utilizzato su Giftbox ad almeno un collaboratore delle forze dell'ordine. L'Europol assiste i 28 Stati membri dell'UE nelle indagini penali e, sul suo sito web evidenzia in particolare la sua battaglia contro il terrorismo, il riciclaggio di denaro e le truffe organizzate, oltre alla lotta contro gli estremismi online e il traffico di esseri umani.
"Le reti criminali in ognuna di queste ambienti sono veloci nel cogliere nuove opportunità e resistenti alle contromisure tradizionali delle forze dell'ordine," si legge sul sito dell'Europol.
Europol ha partecipato ad altre indagini sullo sfruttamento di minori nel dark web. Nel febbraio 2015, l'FBI ha hackerato oltre 8.000 computer in 120 paesi del mondo, ottenendo una serie di indirizzi IP sospetti. Alcune di queste informazioni sono state poi girate all'Europol che le ha diffuse a sua volta presso le forze dell'ordine di tutta Europa. Secondo una presentazione dell'Europol scoperta precedentemente da Motherboard, grazie all'operazione di hacking, l'agenzia ha identificato oltre 3.000 casi. Quando Motherboard ha chiesto all'Europol un commento in merito al caso, l'agenzia ha chiesto di rivolgere le domande all'FBI, sostenendo che l'agenzia statunitense fosse al capo delle operazioni.
Ma, nel caso di Giftbox, le cose potrebbero essere andate diversamente. L'FBI non ha portato avanti nessuna indagine sul sito di abusi dei minori, ha spiegato un funzionario dell'FBI a Motherboard.
Un portavoce dell'Europol ha dichiarato a Motherboard in una mail, "Come nel caso della risposta fornitavi dall'Europol per la vostra richiesta di accesso ai dati, possiamo confermare che l'Agenzia ha identificato due documenti come riguardanti il suo campo di applicazione, ma non possiamo entrare nei dettagli in merito a qualsiasi coinvolgimento nelle indagini che interessano questo sito. In aggiunta, vi informiamo che, in conformità con il suo mandato, Europol non conduce indagini indipendenti, ma sostiene e rafforza le attività operative degli Stati membri. "Erzurum'da doğdum. İlkokulu Erzurum Şeker İlkokulu'nda, Ortaokulu Erzurum Sabancı Ortaokulu'nda, Liseyi ise Erzurum Merkez İmam Hatip Lisesi'nde Üniversite'yi ise uygulanan katsayı zulmü nedeniyle Kıbrıs'ın Doğu Akdeniz Üniversitesi'nde tamamladım. Üniversite eğitiminden sonra Erzurum Barosu'na kayıtlı olarak avukatlık yaptım. İdari Yargı Hakimlik Sınavı'na kazanarak Hakimlik stajına başladım. İki yazılı, iki mülakat sınavından sonra HSYK tarafından mesleğe kabul edildim. Şuan halen Kastamonu İdare Mahkemesinde hakimlik yapmakta olup, Kastamonu Üniversitesi Siyaset ve Kamu Yönetimi Bölümünde yüksek lisans eğitimimi ''Güvenlik Soruşturması ve Arşiv Araştırması'' teziyle başarıyla bitirmiş bulunmaktayım. Ayrıca Ceza hukuku alanında yazılmış 100'e yakın makalem bulunmaktadır.模板:Otheruses
香港鐵路博物館是香港文化博物館轄下專門介紹九廣鐵路歷史的博物館，是一座風格獨特的金字頂型中國傳統建築。該館位於大埔墟崇德街13號。
它的前身是舊大埔墟火車站，於1913年建成，面積達6,500平方米，以往是九廣鐵路的重要車站之一。但由於九鐵於1980年代引進電氣化火車，新大埔墟火車站於1983年啟用，因此舊大埔墟火車站於同年4月6日關閉。其後該火車站原址於1984年被列為法定古蹟，並修建成為博物館，於1985年開放。
設施及藏品 編輯
博物館博物館保留了6輛歷史車卡、手動及機動工程車各一輛。在1997年新增了沙頭角支線曾使用的窄軌蒸氣機火車頭，並於2004年新增了九鐵於1955年引進的首台柴油機車——名為「亞歷山大爵士號」的51號機車。
除此之外，博物館擺放了不少當年使用過的工具、火車模型、圖片歷史介紹以及曾使用的信號系統等。
入場資料 編輯
此為香港文化博物館的分館，入場費全免，逢星期二及部份大節日休館。
外部链接 編輯
模板:香港博物館
模板:香港法定古蹟
模板:HK-cultsport-stubja:香港鉄路博物館The Distribution Right
This lesson provides an introduction to one of the Copyright Act's section 106 exclusive rights, the distribution right. As you will glean from the lesson, the distribution right covers the copyright owner's exclusive right to distribute copies or phonorecords of copyrighted works by means of sale, transfer of ownership, or by rental. In addition, the distribution right creates a statutory right called the right of first publication. This lesson is intended as an introduction to the distribution right; its approach is to review the statutory basis for the distribution right and to review the basis for the right of first publication. This lesson is useful as both an introduction to the exclusive right of distribution, as well as a review.PAT
Bu diagramda hamle Siyah'tadır. Şahını güvenli bir kareye gidemez. Oynayacak hamlesi yoktur. Ne oluyor? ŞAH MAT değil çünkü ŞAH ÇEKİLMEMİŞ. Bu durum PATTIR. Şahın ŞAH ÇEKİLMEMİŞ olmasına rağmen, mümkün hamlesi olmadığı duruma PAT denir. Sonuç BERABEREDİR.
Burada Siyah ŞAH TEHDİDİ altında değil ve Şah herhangi bir yere gidemez. PAT mı? Hayır değil! Unutmayın PAT ŞAH ALTINDA olmadığınız ve HİÇBİR taşınızı oynayamadığınız durumdur.
Başka bit PAT vaziyeti. Siyah nereye giderse gitsin Şah tehdidi altına girecektir. Unutmayın ki iki Şah asla yan yana duramaz.
Bu örnek köşedeki şahın nasıl Vezir tarafından PAT edildiğini gösteriyor. Siyah &Şah, ŞAH ALTINDA değil ama Vezir gidebileceği tüm kareleri KONTROL EDİYOR. Yine PATSonuç BERABERE
Rakibinizin tek şahı kaldığında PAT yapmamak için çok DİKKATLİ olmalısınız. Piyon tahtanın sonuna gelince başka bir taşa (genelde Vezir) dönüştüğünü hatırlayın. Eğer Beyaz Piyonuyla Vezir (veya Kale) çıkarsa yine PAT olur. Siyah'ın hamlesi yoktur."Toplum içindeki kişiliğimiz, başkalarının zihinlerinin ürünüdür. Bir tanıdığı görmek gibi son derece sıradan bir olay bile zihinsel bir eylem anlamı taşır.Rastladığımız insanın fiziksel görüntüsünü, ona ilişkin bütün
düşüncelerimizle donatırız ve böylece oluşan genel imge bağlamında bu düşünceler önemli rol oynar... Öyle ki, o yüzü her gördüğümüzde ve o sesi her duyduğumuzda aslında karşılaştığımız, o insana ilişkin kendi düşüncelerimizdir. "
Marcel ProustAs mentioned in How Computers Calculate, computers ultimately just do a few very simple operations. They have so much power because they can repeat the same operation any number of times, and do so very quickly. Programmers use loops to tell a computer to repeat an operation.
Use the "repeat-until" block to create a loop. Put instruction blocks inside the loop, which will be executed on each run (or iteration) through the loop. The loop is set to stop once the goal is reached.
Level 3 - Use the loop!
Level 4 - Find the right steps to take each loop.
Level 5 - You don't need to put all your code in the loop.
Go on to the next page for level 6.Editor's Picks(1-4 of 12)
Women and the Economy in India, American view
India’s economy has undergone a substantial transformation since the country’s independence in 1947. Agriculture now accounts for only one-third of the gross domestic product (GDP), down from 59
percent in 1950, and a wide range of modern industries and support services now exist. In spite of these changes, agriculture continues to dominate employment, employing two-thirds of all workers. Furthermore, despite advances in the economy, large segments of the population are destitute. Some
estimate that over one-third of the population is living below the poverty line (The World Bank, 1997).
India faced economic problems in the late 1980s and early 1990s that were exacerbated by the Persian Gulf Crisis.1 Starting in 1992, India began to implement trade liberalization measures. The economy has grown—the GDP growth rate ranged between 5 and 7 percent annually over the period 1993-97 (The World Bank, 1998)—and considerable progress has been made in loosening government regulations, particularly restrictions on private businesses. Nevertheless,India remains one of the world’s most tightly regulated major economies (Heitzman and Worden,1996).
Indian Culture Restricts Women’s Access to Work
India is a multifaceted society where no generalization could apply to all of the nation’s various regional, religious, social, and economic groups. Nevertheless, certain broad circumstances in which Indian women live affect the ways they participate in the economy. Indian society is extremely hierarchical with virtually everyone ranked relative to others according to their caste (or caste-like group), class, wealth, and power. This ranking even exists in areas where it is not openly acknowledged, such as certain business settings.Though specific customs vary from region to region within the country, there are different standards of behavior for men and women that carry over into the work environment.Women are expected to be chaste and especially modest in all actions (Dube and Palriwala, 1990), which may constrain their ability to perform in the workplace on an equal basis with men. Another related aspect of life in India is purdah—literally, the veiling and seclusion of women. Fewer women, especially younger women, observe purdah today, but those who still do face constraints beyond those already placed on them by other hierarchical practices (Heitzman and Worden, 1996). These cultural rules place some Indian women, particularly those of lower caste, in a paradoxical situation: when a family suffers economically, people often think that a woman should go out and work, yet at the same time the woman’s participation in employment outside the home is viewed as “slightly inappropriate, subtly wrong, and definitely dangerous to their chastity and womanly virtue” (Dube and Palriwala, 1990, p. 131). When a family recovers from an economic crisis or attempts to improve its status, women may be kept at home as a demonstration of the family’s morality and as a symbol of its financial security.As in many other countries, working women of all segments of Indian society face various forms of discrimination including sexual harassment. Even professional women find discrimination to be prevalent: two-thirds of the women in one study felt that they had to work harder to receive the same benefits as comparably employed men. It is notable that most of the women in this study who did not perceive discrimination worked in fields (e.g., gynecology) where few, if any, men competed against them (Liddle and Joshi, 1986).
Much of Women’s Economic Activity Not Reflected in Statistics
Although most women in India work and contribute to the economy in one form or another, much of their work is not documented or accounted for in official statistics. Women plow fields and harvest crops while working on farms; women weave and make handicrafts while working in household industries; women sell food and gather wood while working in the informal sector. Additionally, women are traditionally responsible for the daily household chores (e.g., cooking, fetching water, and looking after children). Although the cultural restrictions women face are changing, women are still not as free as men to participate in the formal economy. In the past, cultural restrictions were the primary impediments to female employment; now, however, the shortage of jobs throughout the country contributes to low female employment as well. The 1991 Indian census divides workers into two categories: “main” and “marginal” workers. Main workers include people who worked for 6 months or more during the year, while marginal workers include those who worked for a shorter period. Detailed data on marginal workers have not been tabulated from the 1991 census, but many of these workers are agricultural laborers. Unpaid farm and family enterprise workers are supposed to be included in either the main worker or marginal worker category, as appropriate (Registrar General and Census Commissioner (RGCC), 1993). Women account for a small proportion of the formal Indian labor force,even though the number of female main workers has grown faster in recent years than that of their male counterparts. The 1991 census shows that the number of male main workers increased 23 percent since the 1981 census while the number of female main workers increased 40 percent. However, women still accounted for only 23 percent (64.3 million) of the total. The reported labor force participation of women is very low. Fewer than one-quarter (22 percent) of women of all ages were engaged in work either as a main or a marginal worker in 1991, compared with just over half of men. Rural women were more likely than urban women to be counted in the census as working, 27 percent versus 9 percent, respectively (RGCC, 1993).
Informal Sector Important Source of Work for Women
Since Indian culture hinders women’s access to jobs in stores, factories, and the public sector, the informal sector is particularly important for women. More women may be involved in undocumented or “disguised” wage work than in the formal labor force. There are estimates that over 90 percent of working women are involved in the informal sector and not included in official statistics (The World Bank, 1991). The informal sector includes jobs such as domestic servant, small trader, artisan, or field labourer on a family farm. Most of these jobs are unskilled and low paying and do not provide benefits to the worker. Although such jobs are supposed to be recorded in the census, undercounting is likely
because the boundaries between these activities and other forms of household work done by women
are often clouded (Dube and Palriwala, 1990). Thus, the actual labor force participation rate for women is likely to be higher than that which can be calculated from available data.
Women’s Unemployment Rates Similar to Men’s
Unemployment is difficult to estimate in India and most unemployment statistics are likely to underestimate the true level of unemployment, particularly for women. This is due, in part, to the fact that many potential workers do not bother looking for work because they feel jobs are too scarce. Such people are rarely included in unemployment statistics. Also, there is not a strong motivation to register at employment offices because of the perceived minimal benefits of doing so. Different sources provide disparate pictures of the nature of unemployment in the country. According to employment-office statistics for 1996, there were 37.4 million unemployed people, of whom 22
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ag Heart Valve Center. Dr. Carpentier and Dr. Duran have also returned to lecture at the International Valve Symposium, which is hosted in Newport Beach by the Hoag Hospital and the surgeons of Raney Zusman Medical Group.
In addition to superior training, our surgeons have performed a large volume of mitral valve repairs, averaging 80 to 100 cases annually. Every mitral valve repair poses a unique challenge, and this experience allows our surgeons to correctly assess the mitral valve and plan an effective surgery to eliminate the problems with valve function.
Echocardiography Teamwork at Hoag Hospital
Our surgeons have a unique advantage in mitral valve repair in their teamwork with Dr. Pravin Shah, an internationally renowned pioneer of echocardiography and Master of the American College of Cardiology. Under this arrangement, Dr. Shah performs echocardiography (which is an ultrasound of the patient’s heart) on the patient before, during, and after mitral valve repair surgery.
The pre-operative echocardiogram provides the surgeon with an understanding of the problem from a functional view, which essentially gives information about what is wrong when the heart is actually working. The surgeon can then tailor his operative approach to ensure that this problem is fixed.
Once the repair is complete, Dr. Shah will again assess the function of the valve by echocardiography before the sternum is closed. This allows Dr. Shah and our surgeons to assess the function of the heart when it is actually beating and filled with blood. At this point, 95% of the valves are fully repaired, and the echo-surgery team is assured that the repair is successful before closing the heart. A small number of patients may show abnormal blood flow through the valve. In these patients, our surgeons can revise the initial repair and ensure success before the patient leaves the operating room. In a recent presentation in Barcelona, Spain, Dr. Shah, Dr. Aidan A. Raney, and Dr. Aidan R. Raney (son of Dr. Raney) reported that of 207 mitral valve repairs between 2000 and 2005, 203 patients had successful repair or revision of initial repair, with only mild regurgitation from the valve after surgery. Overall, the echo-surgery teamwork between our surgeons and Dr. Pravin Shah is a key component of our better outcomes, and contributes to our increased survival rates.
Dr. Aidan Raney and Dr. Pravin Shah recently published a paper in the Journal of Heart Valve Disease, demonstrating better outcomes with echo-surgery teamwork. As stated in the paper: “Mitral Valve repair was successful in 67 of 68 (98.5%). Repair was unsuccessful in only one patient, who received a successful mitral valve replacement.”
Internationally Renowned Surgeons
The surgeons of Raney Zusman Medical Group have completed trips to India, Paris, Thailand and London to give lectures on mitral valve repair. They have also completed multiple scientific papers on mitral valve repair, including a recent presentation in Barcelona. Hoag Hospital and the surgeons of Raney Zusman host the bi-annual International Valve Symposium in Newport Beach, CA. Our surgeons have also received numerous awards, which can be seen in our awards and outcomes section.
(Pictured at left are Dr. Raney and Sir Magdi Yacoub from the 2005 International Valve Symposium).
More Information on Mitral Valve Repair Surgery
If you have questions about the specifics of mitral valve repair or would like to know if you are a candidate for mitral valve repair surgery, please contact us or call (949) 650-3350 to schedule a consultation.
Please see our section on mitral valve surgery for more information about preparing for mitral valve surgery, what to expect during surgery, and recovery from mitral valve repair surgery.A Registered Nurse (RN) is a nurse who has graduated from a nursing program at a college or university and has passed a national licensing exam. Registered nurses help individuals, families, and groups to achieve health and prevent disease. They care for the sick and injured in hospitals and other health care facilities, physicians' offices, private homes, public health agencies, schools, camps, and industry. Some registered nurses are employed in private practice.A registered nurse's scope of practice is determined by the regional college or association, as well as by the government responsible for health care in the region. These bodies outline what is legal practice for registered nurses and what tasks they may or may not perform.
The scope of practice of registered nurses is the extent to and limits of which an RN may practice. In the United States, these limits are determined by a set of laws known as the Nurse Practice Act of the state or territory in which an RN is licensed. Each state has its own laws, rules, and regulations governing nursing care. Usually the making of such rules and regulations is delegated to a state board of nursing which performs day-to-day administration of these rules, qualifies candidates for licensure, licenses nurses and nursing assistants, and makes decisions on nursing issues. It should be noted that in some states the terms "nurse" or "nursing" may only be used in conjunction with the practice of a Registered Nurse (RN) or licensed practical or vocational nurse (LPN/LVN).
The scope of practice for a registered nurse is wider than for an LPN/LVN because of the level and content of education as well as what the Nurse Practice Act says about the respective roles of each.
RNs are not limited to employment as bedside nurses. Registered nurses are employed by physicians, attorneys, insurance companies. governmental agencies, community/public health agencies, private industry, school districts, ambulatory surgery centers, among others. Some registered nurses are independent consultants who work for themselves. while others work for large manufacturers or chemical companies.
Educational and Licensure Requirements
Associate Degree in Nursing
The most common initial nursing education is a two-year Associate Degree in Nursing Associate of Applied Science in Nursing, Associate of Science in Nursing, Associate Degree in Nursing), a two year college degree degree referred to as an ADN. Some four-year colleges and universities also offer the ADN. Associate degree nursing programs have many prerequisite and co-requisite courses which ultimately stretch out the degree-acquiring process to about 3 years or greater.مبارزه قرن بوکس به سود میودر تمام شد
مبارزه ۳۰۰ میلیون دلاری فلوید میودر و مانی پاکیائو به سود بوکسور آمریکایی به پایان رسید.
مبارزه دو بوکسور سبک وزن و شاخص جهان، فلوید میودر و مانی پاکیائو که به مبارزه قرن مشهور شده بود به سود بوکسور آمریکایی به پایان رسید.
چهل و هشتمین پیروزی متوالی میودر در حالی رقم خورد که به نظر میرسید مانی پاکیائو فیلیپینی، عملکرد بهتری در طول ۱۲ راند این مبارزه داشت.
در پایان کمربند یک میلیون دلاری قهرمانی جهان به میودر رسید.Leisure Suit Larry games for google play, 1996'dan beri uykudaydı. yeniden canlandırılan seri, larry'nin üniversite öğrencisi yeğeni aynı Larry Lovage olarak oynayacağınız ana karakteri değiştiriyor - bu sefer ama genel arsa sessizleşiyor saami sıcak civcivleri baştan çıkarmaya çalışıyor
Tüm bu sıcak ve yoğun araştırmanın anahtarı, şaşırtıcı olmayan bir şekilde iletişimdir. Bulgulara göre, kendilerini “google Play için cinsel olarak tatmin edici oyunlar” olarak değerlendirenler, neredeyse cinsel beğenilerini ve sevmediklerini evli insanlarla sık sık konuştuklarını bildirdiler.La definizione e la soluzione di: E' piena di malviventi. Di seguito troverai la risposta per risolvere le parole crociate de La Settimana Enigmistica e altri giochi come CodyCross.
Nel caso conoscessi altre soluzioni per la stessa domanda ti invitiamo a commentare suggerendo le altre risoluzioni.
Soluzione 6 lettere : galera
Curiosità/Significato su: E piena di malviventiCristian e Palletta contro tutti a ritirare per conto di due malviventi viene coinvolto in una missione più grande di lui: deve far passare una grossa quantità di droga pura al confine 2 ' (219 parole) - 11:50, 5 mar 2021
Altre definizioni con piena; malviventi; Sfoglia ripiena dolce o salata, tipica in Abruzzo; La moglie che si vuole con la botte piena; Come un dispositivo con la batteria piena; Così è la carne piena di parassiti; L'estorsione dei malviventi; Organizzatore di un colpo da malviventi; Sequestrato da malviventi; Si apre ai malviventi; Ultime Definizioniطبق جدول زمان بندی برنامه های تلویزیون فارسی BBC در وب سایت رسمی آن، احتمالا تکرار برنامه دیروز “امروزی ها” که حاوی گزارش جدید و جالبی از هری پاتر و شاهزاده دورگه بود، امشب برای بار دوم ساعت ۲۰:۳۰ به وقت تهران (۱۶ به وقت لندن) پخش خواهد شد.
اطمینان نداریم که این پخش مربوط به تکرار دیروز باشد ولی به احتمال زیاد همان خواهد بود!
به روز رسانی: این برنامه امشب تکرار نمیشود.Delhi’s first solar-powered plant will recycle ‘sewage into drinking water’
On Thursday, Delhi CM Arvind Kejariwal inaugurated Delhi’s first sewage treatment plant that will recycle sewage into drinkable water using advance, tested technology.
The treatment plant is powered by solar energy, and that makes it highly eco-friendly. Delhi Jal Board (DJB) in collaboration with a NGO, SANA (Social Awareness, Newer Alternatives), commissioned the project called ‘Sujala Dhara’ or toilet to tap water.
The project was set up at a cost of Rs. 55 lakh. The plant can treat 5,000 liters of sewage to provide 4,000 liters of drinkable water every hour. The plant operates 24 hours a day and will produce 25 million liters of drinking water annually.
Bio-filtration nano membrane filtration – the technology in use is already working well in the United States. The water is treated through a bio-filter that consists of seven layers of organic and inorganic material including plants, earthworms, sand and pebbles. Further, the water is passed through a nano-filter membrane for more treatment. This membrane has a size of 0.001 micron.
However, it’s a challenging task to get acceptance from public. People will hesitate to use the water. But to encourage and convince the residents, Delhi government has taken an appreciable initiative. The treated water will be bottled and supplied first to DJB and Delhi Secretariat offices. Kejariwal hopes that watching MLAs and the CM drinking treated water will help convincing common people too.
The government is contemplating on setting up six more such plants to combat increasing water-shortage. Considering the prospects and benefits of recycling sewage water, Kejariwal said, “Neighbouring states will stop giving us water in the coming few years as they need to meet the requirement of their citizens. Waste water reuse and management becomes very important in such a case. Only about 50% of the city has sewer connections. If we plan to expand the network with the current plans, we will need years and around Rs 30,000 crore. The solution is to starts smaller plants like this one. These can be built using development charges.”
It’s a highly appreciable initiative by APP government. Moreover, India is lacking behind in keeping up with sustainable and eco-friendly developments in developed nations. Delhi has been ranked the most polluted city in the world. Harnessing solar energy for such projects will further cut a lot of grid electricity consumption.
Delhi is troubled by both water-shortage and electricity bills. Such solutions attend to both troubles.
Image Credit: Hindustan TimesBuna ek olarak, kapsaisin antibakteriyel özelliklere sahip olan ve nüfuz mide korumak için kullanıldıklarında. Bu gastrit, ülser büyük bir önleme, ve bazı uzmanlara göre, ve hatta kanser mide. Zaten sindirim sistemi ile ilgili sorunlar varsa Ancak, dikkatli biber kullanmanız gerekir.
Kapsaisin, kan şekerini düşürür ve mükemmel uykusuzluk mücadele, bu yüzden biber ile tatlandırılmış akşam bir şey yemek - ve iyi uyku olacaktır.
Beslenme düzenli kullanımı ile kırmızı biber ağırlığını azaltmak için yardımcı olduğunu söylüyorlar. olgusunun nedeni biber netlik iştah azaltır ve yağ hücrelerinin parçalanmasını teşvik olmasıdır. Sadece çok fazla biber kapılmak yok - günde en fazla 1 g tüketmek gerekir.
Kırmızı şarap, bal ve sıcak biber karışımı mükemmel bir soğuk ilk belirtileri olur.
Ama biber sağlığı için değil, aynı zamanda güzellik için değil, sadece yararlıdır. Örneğin, cilt gençleştirme için bir maske yapabilirsiniz çünkü. Bunu yapmak için, bazı biber eziyet ve zeytinyağı birkaç damla, gıda bir çay kaşığı eritilmiş balmumu ve küçük bir miktar ile karıştırın. Gres kişi yağlı krem ve maske uygulayın ve 7-10 dakika sonra, su ile iyice durulayın.
Bir buçuk çay kaşığı biber ve bal 50 gr pompa ve Sim saçlar için bir maske yapabilirsiniz. Bir plastik kap koymak kafa derisi içine karışımı sürün ve 20 dakika bekletin ve sonra su ile durulayın.
Bu arada, sıcak biber pencere evde büyümek oldukça kolaydır. Başka şeylerin yanı sıra, o da hatta en şiddetli kış soğuğunda göz parlak kırmızı hoş olacaktır.A cat’s excellent hearing is the “Yang” that goes with their superior “Ying” of night vision. Not only are their ears more sensitive they are mobile with a cat able to move their ears through 180° to face them towards any detected sound. This enables the cat to pinpoint the position of their prey, in both direction and distance.
The mechanism of the cat’s ear responds to vibrations from about 30 kHz, or 30 cycles per second, the same lower limit as in humans.
Highly Sensitive Ears
Cat’s are able to hear sounds resonating at a far higher level than humans can detect at around 65 kHz compared with a human’s 20kHz. Cats live in a different sound world from us a world in which the high pitched squeaks of mice and other small creatures are part of everyday experience.
A mother cat can hear the plaintive cries of lost kittens that would inaudible to you and I.
This excellent hearing in the higher registers explains why, as a general rule, cats respond more readily to womens’ and childrens’ voices than to mens’. It also explains why cats sometimes sit up and pay attention to noises that their owners have not heard. The popular myths about ‘psychic’ cats which can detect disturbances long before they become evident to humans can be explained with the cat’s superior hearing. This perhaps accounts for the regularity with which cats turn up at the gate to meet their owners returning home by car. A particular car’s sound ‘signature’, as far as the cat is concerned, is probably high in the upper registers, beyond human discrimination.
Another feature of a cat’s hearing is its ability to locate the position of sounds very accurately. From a distance of about 1m it can discriminate between two sources of sound only 8cm apart. The brain is able to detect the time delay in the arrival of the two separate sound signals. This is another hunting skill, enabling the cat to locate and track its prey.
Hearing in Scottish Fold Cats
Scottish Fold Cats are a breed of cat with a distinctive genetic variation of their ear shape. Their ear shape was the result of a genetic mutation that became fixed in descendants of the cat with the original mutation, and their unique appearance has become a favourite for many cat owners.
Whilst the sensitivity of Scottish Fold Cat’s hearing remains equally as good as that of any other cat breed, their inability to swivel their ears towrd a sound to pinpoint position and distance must effect their ability to hunt. In the wild, a Scottish Fold cat would likely not do as well as a cat without this mutation. Of course, excellent pinpointing of prey is not required in a domestic cat, so they do just fine as pets!
The Quiet Life
Cats are not big on noisy environments. They are disturbed by loud noises, which is why clapping the hands and saying ‘No! ’loudly is such an effective ploy in training. A cat sharing a home with a dog will often retreat if the dog barks loudly. Not out of fear, out of disturbance. For the same reason a cat will often walk away from noisy children. When the tribe brings their rowdy friend’s home, expect Mr Whiskas to disappear.
Hearing in the Older Cat
Deafness is an ailment to which some cat breeds are prone, especially in old age. White cats historically have suffered from it in greater than average numbers, especially blue-eyed whites to the extent that in odd-eyed cats the deafness is often on the same side as the blue eye. It can affect one or both ears and is incurable.
Though hearing is so important to a cat deafness does not in fact seem to be a great disadvantage if it has been deaf from birth. Their other senses work seem to compensate Deafness does however, affect the mothering skill of a queen who cannot hear the high-pitched cries for food or help of her young kittens so if no other reason, it’s best not to let deaf queens breed.
Deafness in old age comes on gradually and is usually associated with other symptoms of ageing. Persistent shaking of the head or scratching at the pinnae may be an indication of some ear infection or may be the cat’s expression of puzzlement at its declining hearing. In some parts of Australia, ear mites are especially prevalent so if your cat is worrying at its ears, inspect them to rule this out as a cause.
There is nothing to be done about deafness in old age but the cat’s life can be made easier by making sure that it is not suddenly startled and byThese Kindergarten shape tracing designs are made by tracing the same shape template several times, overlaying the shape in different directions to create a variety of interior shapes and spaces. Each table group has a variety of sizes of cardboard or plastic squares, rectangles, triangles, and circles to choose from. When giving directions, I emphasize that they should use only one shape to do all their tracings; I demonstrate this for them using a dark colored crayon for the tracing lines. I point out the variety of shapes and spaces created by the overlapping contour lines of the original shapes, and invite them to color in the spaces however they want to. I also demonstrate cutting the entire design around the outside and gluing it onto a background color that is present in the colored areas.
Interestingly, students will tackle this activity in different ways. Some want to trace the shapes next to each other rather than overlapping. Some like to make large spaces while others will make small ones. Some students take the time to select certain colors for the coloring part, or approach the coloring in a methodical way: starting with the smallest
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just ether)
- \(CH_3OCH_2CH_2OCH_3\), ethylene glycol dimethyl ether (glyme).
Simple ethers are given common names in which the alkyl groups bonded to the oxygen are named in alphabetical order followed by the word "ether". The top left example shows the common name in blue under the IUPAC name. Many simple ethers are symmetrical, in that the two alkyl substituents are the same. These are named as "dialkyl ethers".
- anisole (try naming anisole by the other two conventions. J )
1,2-epoxyethane, ethylene oxide, dimethylene oxide, oxacyclopropane,
- furan (this compound is aromatic)
oxacyclopentane, 1,4-epoxybutane, tetramethylene oxide,
In cyclic ethers (heterocycles), one or more carbons are replaced with oxygen. Often, it's called heteroatoms, when carbon is replaced by an oxygen or any atom other than carbon or hydrogen. In this case, the stem is called the oxacycloalkane, where the prefix "oxa-" is an indicator of the replacement of the carbon by an oxygen in the ring. These compounds are numbered starting at the oxygen and continues around the ring. For example,
If a substituent is an alcohol, the alcohol has higher priority. However, if a substituent is a halide, ether has higher priority. If there is both an alcohol group and a halide, alcohol has higher priority. The numbering begins with the end that is closest to the higher priority substituent. There are ethers that are contain multiple ether groups that are called cyclic polyethers or crown ethers. These are also named using the IUPAC system.
Sulfur analogs of ethers (R–S–R') are called sulfides, e.g., (CH3)3C–S–CH3 is tert-butyl methyl sulfide. Sulfides are chemically more reactive than ethers, reflecting the greater nucleophilicity of sulfur relative to oxygen.
- Schore, Neil E. and Vollhardt, K. Peter C. Organic Chemistry: Structure and Function. New York: Bleyer, Brennan, 2007.
- Winter, Arthur. Organic Chemistry for Dummies. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley, 2005.
- Pellegrini, Frank. Cliffs QuickReview Organic Chemistry II. Foster City, CA: Wiley, 2000
Name the following ethers:
(Answers to problems above: 1. diethyl ether; 2. 2-ethoxy-2-methyl-1-propane; 3. cis-1-ethoxy-2-methoxycyclopentane; 4. 1-ethoxy-1-methylcyclohexane; 5. oxacyclopropane; 6. 2,2-Dimethyloxacyclopropane)برنامه های ناشتا متناوب
قبل از شروع روزه داری متناوب ، حتماً با مشاور و متخصص تغذیه خود مشورت کنید.
به طور روزانه ، غذا خوردن به مدت شش تا هشت ساعت در روز محدود می شود. به عنوان مثال ، می توانید 8/16 روز را امتحان کنید: 8 ساعت غذا خوردن و 16 ساعت ناشتا.
روش دیگر که به روش 2: 5 معروف است ، شامل خوردن منظم پنج روز در هفته است. در دو روز آینده ، مصرف انرژی محدود به یک وعده غذایی 500-600 کالری است. به عنوان مثال ، شما می توانید به طور معمول در هر روز از هفته غذا بخورید و فقط یک وعده غذایی در روز در روزهای دوشنبه و پنجشنبه بخورید.
دوره های طولانی تر بدون غذا مانند روزه داری 24 ، 36 ، 48 و 72 ساعت می تواند خطرناک باشد. کشش زیاد بدون غذا در واقع بدن را تشویق می کند تا در پاسخ به گرسنگی چربی بیشتری ذخیره کند.
فواید روزه داری متناوب
تحقیقات نشان می دهد که روزه داری متناوب منجر به چربی سوزی خوب در بدن می شود.
در اینجا برخی از مزایای روزه داری متناوب که تحقیقات تاکنون نشان داده است ، ذکر شده است:
تفکر و حافظه. مطالعات نشان داده است که روزه داری متناوب باعث افزایش حافظه در حیوانات و حافظه کلامی در بزرگسالان می شود.
سلامت قلب. روزه داری متناوب فشار خون و ضربان قلب در حالت استراحت و سایر اندازه گیری های مربوط به قلب را بهبود می بخشد.
عملکرد فیزیکی. مردان جوان 16 روزه در حالی که توده عضلانی خود را حفظ کردند ، چربی سوزی نشان دادند. موش هایی که در روزهای متناوب تغذیه می شدند استقامت دویدن بهتری از خود نشان دادند.
دیابت و چاقی: در مطالعات حیوانی ، روزه داری متناوب از چاقی جلوگیری کرد و در شش مطالعه مختصر ، بزرگسالان چاق با روزه داری متناوب وزن خود را کاهش دادند.
سلامت بافت: در حیوانات ، روزه داری متناوب آسیب بافت را در حین عمل جراحی کاهش می دهد و نتایج را بهبود می بخشد.
آیا روزه داری متناوب بی خطر است؟
برخی افراد از آن برای کنترل وزن و برخی دیگر برای درمان بیماریهای مزمن مانند سندرم روده تحریک پذیر ، کلسترول بالا یا آرتروز استفاده می کنند. اما روزه داری متناوب برای همه مناسب نیست.
باید تأکید کرد که قبل از تلاش برای ناشتایی متناوب (یا هر رژیم غذایی دیگر) ابتدا باید با متخصص تغذیه خود صحبت کنید. روزه داری متناوب برای افراد زیر مناسب نیست:
کودکان و نوجوانان زیر 18 سال
زنان باردار یا شیرده
افراد مبتلا به دیابت یا مشکلات قند خون
افرادی که سابقه اختلالات خوردن دارند
به یاد داشته باشید که روزه داری متناوب می تواند تأثیرات متفاوتی بر افراد مختلف بگذارد. در صورت بروز اضطراب ، سردرد ، تهوع یا علائم دیگر پس از شروع ناشتایی متناوب ، با یک متخصص تغذیه مشورت کنید.
برای دریافت رژیم غذایی مناسب با ما تماس بگیرید
مژده رحمانیان ، مشاور متخصص تغذیه و رژیم درمانی و عضو انجمن رژیم درمانی ایران
04133310081
www.armooni.irجام کوردی- وزیر ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات ایران یکشنبه شب در راس هیاتی به دعوت وزیر اتصالات عراق به این کشور سفر کرد تا در خصوص همکاری در زمینههای ارتباطات، فناوری اطلاعات و حوزه فضایی و پست با مسوولان عراقی گفتوگو کند.
به گزارش جام کوردی، عیسی زارع پور در بدو ورود به فرودگاه بین المللی بغداد مورد استقبال براق عبدالکریم قائم مقام وزیر ارتباطات عراق و محمد کاظم آل صادق سفیر جمهوری اسلامی ایران در عراق قرار گرفت.
قائم مقام وزیر ارتباطات عراق در مراسم استقبال از وزیر ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات ایران ابراز امیدواری کرد که توسعه همکاریهای دو کشور به ویژه در زمینه فناوری اطلاعات گسترش یابد.
همکاری ایران و عراق در زمینه فناوری اطلاعات افز ایش پیدا میکند
وزیر ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات در نخستین دیدار رسمی خود امروز با خانم هیام الیاسری وزیر اتصالات عراق گفت و گو کرد.
زارع پور در این دیدار گفت: سابقه تاریخی و سطح روابط خوب تهران و بغداد ایجاب می کند که ارتباطات بیشتری با مسوولان عراقی داشته باشیم و هرآنچه که در حوزه های مختلف جمهوری اسلامی پیشرفتی داشته و زیرساخت های ایجاد شده را تقدیم کشور دوست و برادر عراق کنیم.
وی همچنین با بیان اینکه جمهوری اسلامی ایران آماده انتقال دانش و تجربیات خود در زمینه های مختلف به کشور عراق است، تصریح کرد: عراق نیز در زمینه های ارتباطات به طور قطع توانمندی و ظرفیت های مناسبی دارد که مورد استفاده ما قرار خواهد گرفت.
وزیر ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات تصریح کرد که در ایام اربعین امسال کار ویژه ای با کمک دولت و مردم عراق انجام شد که امیدواریم این همکاری ها در سال های آینده بیشتر شود.Kış mevsimi boyunca güneye göç eden beyaz leylekler karınlarını doyurabilmek için yiyecek aramak zorundadırlar.
Uzun boyunlu, uzun kırmızı bacaklı, kırmızı renkli düz ve sivri gagalı kuşlar olan leyleklerin kafa, boyun ve gövdeleri beyazdır. Kanadında siyah bir şerit bulunur. Göz kenarlarında sürme gibi görünen küçük siyah bir şerit vardır.
Kışın, Avrupa’nın kuzey kısmında yiyecek bulmak onlar için hiç de kolay değildir. Bu yüzden Afrika’ya doğru göç ederler. Leyleklerin bazıları kışı güney İspanya’da geçirirler ve bazıları daha güneye, orta Afrika’ya kadar gider. Yaklaşık 12.000 km uçtukları vakidir.
Leylekler süzülerek uçarlar. Süzülmeden önce yükseklere çıkmak için de, ısındıkça yükselen havanın oluşturduğu akımları kullanırlar. Bu nedenle yalnızca gündüzleri ve karadan yolculukyaparlar. Sıcak hava akımları karada, denizde olduğundan çok daha fazladır. Doğrudan Akdeniz üzerinden uçmazlar. Bunun yerine batıda Cebelitarık, doğudaysa İstanbul Boğazı’nı kullanırlar. Her iki boğazda da göç döneminde binlerce leylek görmek mümkündür. Bir defada 10.000’den fazla leyleği aynı anda görebilirsiniz.
Isındıkça yükselen hava ile yükseklere çıkmak büyük sürüler halinde göç eden kuşlar için çok daha kolay bir göç yöntemidir. Sürü içerisinden bir kuş sıcak, yükselen hava akımını bulduğunda diğerleri onu izler, ısındıkça yükselen hava ile birlikte yükselirler ve sonra süzülürler. Büyük sürüler halinde göç eden kuşların iyi bir termal bulmaları daha kolaydır. Bu yüzden büyük sürüler halinde göç eden kuşlar tek bir kuştan çok daha hızlı ilerlerler.
Çiftçi dostu
Leyleklerin gagasını birbirine vurarak çıkardığı, iki çubuğun birbirine vurulması sesini andıran, ses oldukça belirgindir ve leylekleri kolaylıkla ayırt etmemizi sağlar. Leylekleri görmenin en kolay yolu yuvalarına bakmaktır. Leyleklerde erkek ve dişilerin görünüşleri aynıdır ama erkekler dişilerden biraz büyüktürler. Genç leyleklerin gagası gri ve bacakları mat kırmızıdır.
Toprakta yaşayan küçük canlılarla beslenebilirler. Küçük sürüngen ve kemirgenler, solucanlar, kurbağalar, böcek larvaları ise leyleklerin en sevdikleri yiyeceklerdir. Tarım zararlılarını yediği için de leylekler çiftçi dostudur. Yazın kurak geçtiği zamanlarda daha çok tarım arazilerinde beslenirler. Saban sürme, hasat biçme gibi tarım faaliyetlerinin yapıldığı dönemlerde belirgin hale gelen çekirge sürüleri de leylekleri cezbeder.
Leylekler yuvalarını orta çağdan beri insanların evlerinin üzerlerine yapmaktadırlar. Köylerimizin en çok bilinen kuşlarındandır. Yuvalar, çatı, hisar, baca, telefon direği, yüksek duvarların üzerinde bulunabilir. Leylekler her sene üremek için ya aynı yuvaya ya da bu yuvanın çok yakınına geri döner. Genç leylekler her zaman doğduğu yuvanın yakınına dönmeye çalışır. Yüzyıllardır kullanılan leylek yuvası bile bulabilirsiniz.
Son yüzyıl içinde ne yazık ki leyleklerin sayısı gittikçe azaldı ve azalmaya devam ediyor. Bunun nedenleri muhtemelen iklim değişikliği, leyleklerin beslendiği sulak alanların kaybolması, yoğun tarım uygulamaları, doğal alanların ve boş arazilerin yok olması gibi nedenlerle beslenme alanları yok olması, çatı malzemelerinin değişmesi, yaşlı ve kurumuş ağaçların kesilmesi, yuvaların bozulması nedeniyle yuvalama alanları yok olması, enerji nakil hatlarından kaynaklanan tehlikeler, yuvaya taşınan çöplerin ayaklarına dolaşması, kimyasal maddelerle zehirlenme, avcılık, ulaşım araçlarının çarpması...risalehaberMeeting the Kalinago
Connecting to the past, the ancient Kalinago tribe brings intuitive earth-conscious design to modern-day Dominica.
Words by Margaret Gajek. Photography by Derek Galon.
Once upon a time, a fearless, proud and inventive Kalinago tribe lived happily on Dominica. Today, a unique site on the rugged northeast coast of the island provides rare glimpses into an architectural heritage and way of life before the arrival of Columbus. This place is called Kalinago Barana Auté or Carib Village by the Sea. Featuring traditionally constructed buildings, the showcase village is testament to the enduring strength and ingenuity of indigenous design.
Inhabiting a large area of almost four thousand acres established by the British in 1903, the Kalinago Territory is home to the largest remaining population of Kalinagos in the Caribbean. Called the ‘Caribs’ by European settlers – a label that would later give its name to the entire region – they have reclaimed their traditional Kalinago name in the hope of preserving their culture in perpetuity. However, when the Spaniards first beheld the Kalinago’s buildings, they did not regard them as ‘real’ homes, so very different were they from the architecture they had left in Spain. Grouped around a central plaza, the most impressive structure was the main meeting house, called the Carbet or Taboui. Smaller, tent-like Ajoupas and Mouinas, built from hardwood and plant material collected from the forest, surrounded this sixty-foot-long structure. Roofs were made from thatched palm leaves, with grass or reeds used also as wattle for the walls. Everything was tied together with maho, a rope made of bark. Inside, furnishing was sparse, with hammocks used for sleeping – another ingenious invention of the Amerindians.
Like the dwellings of other Amerindians such as the Tainos in Greater Antilles, these buildings were perfectly suited to the tropical climate. Thatched roofs and walls, permeable to air flow, allowed structures to breathe naturally – a quality that colonial European-brought designs later struggled to achieve. The Kalinago’s simple structures were also surprisingly strong, able to withstand fierce winds and hurricanes and quickly repaired when necessary.
“My people lived off the land,” Kalinago Chief Garnette Joseph explains. “The forest provided not only building material for houses, but also food, medicine and gommier wood for dugout canoes.” These masterly constructed long boats were fast, silent and agile – all key factors in the Kalinago’s successful resistance of European attempts to invade Dominica for almost 200 years.
It is only recently, with the strong interest in green building methods, that these indigenous constructions are being recognised not just for their aesthetic and historic value, but for their Earthconscious design. Maurice Agar, a renowned Caribbean architect based in Dominica, comments: “The challenge for architects designing in today’s world with our increasing environmental concerns, is to find a way to incorporate the materials and values of the past into our current ‘mod-con’ lifestyles and structures. We need to design our buildings not just with sustainability of materials at the forefront, but also with the end goal of making it part of our lifestyle. We build not just for ourselves, but with future generations in mind.”
Called the ‘nature island of the Caribbean,’ Dominica is host to growing numbers of environmentally conscious architectural endeavours, including Roots Jungle Retreat, created by Pat and Staci Kosick, a lodge inspired by Kalinago architecture. Pat explains: “I was driving one day nearby Kalinago Barana Auté, and when I saw that big Carbet house with its thatched roof, I immediately knew – that’s what our place should look like. The Kalinago not only built our lodge but also gave us lots of help and advice. We couldn’t have done it without them.”
The rich Kalinago heritage does not only belong to the past, but remains a strong and active force today. “Despite big changes to the Kalinago traditional way of life, we still retain some of its aspects,” explains the Chief. “Our culture and traditions are close to our heart and define who we are. We still live off the land and in tune with nature. We are blessed to be living in natural surroundings, and that feeling permeates our lives. We are in a unique position to offer on our island to visitors coming from all over the globe the exceptional experience of our culture, which we continuously strive to keep alive."
comments powered by Disqusبه گزارش پایگاه خبری صراط به نقل از روابط عمومی سازمان بورس و اوراق بهادار، پس از وصول گزارش نظارت شرکت بورس اوراق بهادار تهران در مورد افزایش ۱۲۸ درصدی قیمت سهام یکی از شرکتهای پذیرفته شده در بورس، معاملات در بازه مذکور مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و مشخص شد در زمان عرضه سهام از طرف برخی کارگزاریها در یک بازه زمانی، سهمها به مبالغ قابل توجهی از اشخاص حقوقی مرتبط با سهامدار عمده شرکت به سه شخص حقیقی منتقل شده است.
ماجرا از این قرار بوده که معاون وقت سرمایهگذاری شرکت که اطلاعات نهانی مربوط به زمان عرضه سهام آن شرکت را در اختیار داشته، موجبات افشای اطلاعات نهانی مربوط به سهام شرکت را فراهم آورده و آن را در اختیار بستگان و دوستان خود قرار داده است.
اشخاص حقیقی نیز پس از بالا رفتن قیمت سهم و اندکی قبل از فرو ریختن قیمت سهام (در اوج قیمت)، سهام خود را به فروش رسانده و سودی بالغ بر ۵۴.۲۴۹.۵۹۴.۸۶۵ ریال کسب کردند.
سازمان بورس و اوراق بهادار بلافاصله پس از کشف این سوء استفاده آن را به قوه قضاییه معرفی کرد.
بر اساس شواهد و قراین موجود، مراجع قضایی اقدام این اشخاص را منطبق بر جرم «معامله متکی بر اطلاعات نهانی» ارزیابی کردهاند.
دادگاه تجدیدنظر استان تهران پس از بررسی پرونده، در مورد معاون وقت سرمایهگذاری شرکت به اتهام استفاده از اطلاعات نهانی پیش از انتشار آن مورخ ۳۰/۰۱/۱۴۰۱ حکم به یکسال حبس تعزیری و در مورد سه شخص حقیقی معامله کننده متهم به انجام معاملات متکی بر اطلاعات نهانی حکم به پرداخت معادل سه برابر سود به دست آمده، در مجموع به
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American Chestnut Tree," presented the use of biotechnology tools to aid in reversing the near disappearance of American chestnut trees due to because of chestnut blight.
Powell, the director of the Council on Biotechnology in Forestry and a professor in ESF's Department of Environmental and Forest Biology, has collaborated with Dr. Charles Maynard of the Department of Forest and Natural Resources Management since the early 1990s. Over the years, Powell's team has had more than 60 researchers working on ways to develop a blight-resistant American chestnut tree.
At one time the most abundant tree in the eastern United States forest, with historic, economic and ecosystem values, the American chestnut tree has seen a sharp decline since the blight was discovered in New York City early in the 20th century. The audience gasped when Powell showed photographs of the "giants of Eastern forests," massive chestnut trees from the late 1800s.
The forests began to change, however, after an exotic pathogen from Asia, a fungus called Cryphonectria parasitica, was discovered in the United States. Within 50 years, that fungus killed between 3 and 5 billion chestnut trees, according to Powell. The chestnut tree was essentially lost, he said, since the mature, larger trees simply no longer exist. "It's not extinct. It's just functionally extinct," he said.
Powell is involved with a transgenic program to enhance blight resistance. Using a natural genetic engineer called agrobacterium tumefaciens, bacteria that moves genes around in plants, scientists can put in just a few genes at a time, said Powell. Scientists have been using this to move the desired genes from Chinese chestnut trees to American chestnut trees. "We actually put the genes into the bacteria. It puts the gene in the plant for us," said Powell. "What we are actually doing is making a very small change."
Scientists can also use genes from other plants, such as oxalate oxidase, which comes from wheat. "When you go and get your snacks back there, you're going to be eating this gene," joked Powell, referring to the reception held after the lecture. The gene detoxifies the tree by stopping the development of oxalic acid, which is produced by the fungus that kills the tree. With the added genes, the trees are able to defend themselves against the fungus.
Scientists then go through a plant tissue culture and transformation process that involves multiplying embryos and regenerating them into shoots to be rooted and then acclimated to be planted. The entire process can take between 18 to 24 months though recently Powell's team has gotten the process down to 12 months or less. There are currently more than 1,000 transgenic trees in the field for testing, according to Powell.
The transgenic trees show enhanced blight resistance, said Powell. In fact, some intermediate blight-resistant trees are planted outside Moon Library and the Gateway Center.
Transgenics require regulatory approval from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. "Before we can pass these trees out to the public, we have to get approval from these three agencies," said Powell. Once approved, restoration programs can begin.
Transgenic American chestnuts have been planted in the New York Botanical Garden in New York City. The team also does planting projects with the public.
"The restoration of the American chestnut tree is a century-long project," he said, emphasizing public participation and encouraging the audience to contact The American Chestnut Foundation (TACF). The American Chestnut Research and Restoration Project, is a collaborated effort between the New York chapter of TACF and ESF to conduct basic and applied research that will lead to the development of a blight-resistant American chestnut tree.
"We want to put out a diverse group of trees," said Powell.
He has also been working with his team on American elm restoration. He hopes that researchers can apply the knowledge learned from chestnut research to other tree species, such as ash, eastern hemlock, and black walnut. Perhaps scientists can even expand their work to the oak tree - now threated by sudden oak death - to protect ESF's beloved mascot, he said, with an image of Oakie the Acorn behind him.
"What I'd like to see is for our university to become known not just for chestnut restoration but for tree restoration in general," said Powell.
- By Alison Gibson '15
The lecture series was part of the Dale L. Travis Public Lecture Series supported by a gift from ESF alumnus Dale L. Travis '59, who has been a longtime supporter of chestnut restoration efforts.
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122 Bray Hall
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Syracuse, NY 13210مد همه چیز در مورد ابراز خود است به دنیا می گوید که شما کی هستید و چه شخصیتی دارید به نوع لباسی که می پوشید فکر کنید از طریق رنگ هایی که دوست دارید، نوع لباسی که می پوشید و لوازم جانبی که می پوشید، به دنیا «نشان می دهید» که واقعاً چه کسی هستید.
مد نوعی بیان است: مد رسانه ای فرار است که به افراد اجازه می دهد از طریق ظاهر خود ابراز وجود کنند این می تواند افراد مختلف را دور هم جمع کند تا شخصیت منحصر به فرد هر فرد را جشن بگیرند.
مد شخصیت شماست: با پوشیدن لباس مجلسی شاین، در مورد ترجیحات، روش زندگی یا حتی احساسی که در آن لحظه دارید با دیگران ارتباط برقرار می کنید.
مد می تواند خلق و خوی شما را تغییر دهد: خلق و خوی شما بسته به لباسی که می پوشید می تواند تغییر کند وقتی احساس خوبی دارید، اعتماد به نفس، آرامش و شادی بیشتری دارید.
هرکسی می تواند شیک پوش باشد: برای شیک بودن نیازی به پوشیدن لباس های طراح یا گران قیمت نیست طیف گسترده ای از قیمت ها، طرح ها و بسیاری از گزینه های دیگر برای انتخاب وجود دارد.
مد همیشه تغییر می کند. آیا اصطلاحات ست زمستانی، ست تابستانی و … را شنیده اید؟ مد هیچ وقت یکسان نمی ماند شلوار جین تنگ ممکن است امروز مد باشد و شلوار گشاد ممکن است فردا پرطرفدار باشد.
چیزی که در دنیای مد مسلم است تغییر است ما دائماً با ایده های مد جدید از موسیقی، ویدیوها، کتاب ها و تلویزیون بمباران می شویم فیلم ها همچنین تاثیر زیادی بر لباس پوشیدن مردم دارند.
ری بن پس از مردان سیاه پوش، عینک آفتابی بیشتری فروخت گاهی اوقات روند جهانی است در دهه 1950، نوجوانان در همه جا لباس الویس پریسلی می پوشیدند.September is Prostate Cancer Awareness Month. Prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer in American men (21%) and third leading cause of cancer-related death in men in the United States. Approximately, 1 out of 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their life-time. The American Cancer Society estimates that 161,360 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in the U.S. in 2017 and 26,730 men will die from their disease. Prostate cancer is a disease of the prostate where cancer cells form in the prostate tissue. The prostate is a gland of the male reproductive system. It is located just below the bladder and produces fluid that makes part of semen.
“Prostate cancer is a disease of the elderly with an average age of 66 years at diagnosis.” says Asit Paul, M.D., Ph.D., medical oncologist and member of the Developmental Therapeutics research program at VCU Massey Cancer Center and assistant professor in the Division of Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care at the VCU School of Medicine. “Eighty percent of cases are diagnosed in early stage as localized cancer. Patients may have no symptoms or may have weak urinary flow, difficulty urinating or frequent urination. Advance stage may have bone pain and other symptoms because of the spread of disease to the bones and other organs.” he continues.
Usually prostate cancer grows slowly and is initially confined to the prostate gland, where it may not cause serious harm. However, while some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or even no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly.
Prostate cancer that’s detected early — when it’s still confined to the prostate gland— has a better chance of successful treatment. Prostate cancer may cause no signs or symptoms in its early stages. Prostate cancer that’s more advanced may cause signs and symptoms such as:
- Trouble urinating
- Decreased force in the stream of urine
- Blood in semen
- Discomfort in the pelvic area
- Bone pain
- Erectile dysfunction
Make an appointment with your doctor if you have any signs or symptoms that worry you.
“Treatment of prostate cancer depends on the stage at diagnosis.” says Dr. Paul. “The options for early stage prostate cancer include observation, active monitoring, surgery and radiation. Advance stage requires hormone treatment with or without chemotherapy.”
Factors that can increase your risk of prostate cancer include:
- Your risk of prostate cancer increases as you age.
- Prostate cancer affects African American men disproportionately. African American men have a 70% higher incidence and 2.3 times higher risk of death from prostate cancer compared to Caucasian men. African American men are also diagnosed at earlier age and have higher incidence of aggressive disease.
- Family history. If men in your family have had prostate cancer, your risk may be increased. Also, if you have a family history of genes that increase the risk of breast cancer or a very strong family history of breast cancer, your risk of prostate cancer may be higher.
- Obese men diagnosed with prostate cancer may be more likely to have advanced disease that’s more difficult to treat.
“Regular exercise and healthy diet can reduce the risk of several cancers, including prostate cancer.” comments Dr. Paul. “Use of certain medications can reduce the risk of prostate cancer, but should not be used without a physician’s consultation.”
As the month of September brings prostate cancer into focus, it’s time to increase public understanding of the disease, including its prevalence, approaches to screening and prevention, treatment options, and resources that help save all of our men!2034年世界杯举办国家（2034世界杯举办国家排序）
本文目录一览：
世界杯足球赛在哪个国家
2022年的世界杯足球赛在卡塔尔这个国家举行。
2022年世界杯将会在卡塔尔举行。 2022年卡塔尔世界杯是第二十二届世界杯足球赛，是历史上首次在卡塔尔和中东国家境内举行、也是继2002年韩日世界杯之后时隔二。
有中国、卡塔尔、葡萄牙、阿根廷、日本、叙利亚、澳大利亚、韩国 中国、卡塔尔、葡萄牙、阿根廷、日本、叙利亚、澳大利亚、韩国这些国家。
2022年世界杯将由32个国家参加。 国际足联发表声明称，2022年卡塔尔世界杯将不会扩军至48支参赛球队，仍将保持32队的规模。具体名额分配为：欧洲13个，非洲5个。
22届世界杯：
2022年足球世界杯不在中国任何一个城市，2022年足球世界杯在亚洲的卡塔尔举行，是历史上首次在卡塔尔和中东国家境内举行、也是继2002年韩日世界杯之后时隔二十。
对于中国而言，目前最现实的申办目标，最快也只能是2034年世界杯，首先规则上已解禁，其次目前主动表达了申办意愿的只有泰国和印尼联办方，以及埃及和津巴布韦。
媒体人谈中国申办世界杯：最早也是2034年申办，背后的原因有哪些？
媒体人谈中国申办世界杯，最早也是2034年申办，这是因为按照现在国际足联的规则，办过世界杯的大洲，未来两届不能举办，所以最早也是2034年申办，强行推翻这个规则是不可能的，一个是其他国家不答应，第2个是下手太晚了，另外我认为提高我们足球的水平更重要，接下来跟大家具体说明。1、因为规则的限制，所以我们不会申办2030年世界杯。
之前网上有消息，说是我们将申办2030的世界杯，而且还说出了我们想要申办的三个原因，首先就是有很多赞助商是我们自己人，而且我们希望能够打进世界杯的决赛圈，但是常规的手段很难实现，等等这些信息，并没有得到官方的证实，之后媒体人回应，这些消息都不属实，因为按照现在的国际足联规则，办过世界杯的大洲，未来两届不能举办，而且其他国家也不会答应，所以我们最早也是在2034年申办。2、我认为提高自己足球的水平更重要。
在之前，媒体的消息中有一个原因非常搞笑，他说我们自己没办法进世界杯的决赛圈，所以想通过举办世界杯这一个手段来达到这样的愿望，这明显就是对我们足球的看不起，但是我们的足球水平确实不高，已经输给了很多国家，所以我认为提高自己的足球水平更重要，要不然光在自己的国家举办世界杯，意义也不大。总而言之，关于之前的谣言，媒体人也进行了辟谣，主要原因就是因为国际规则，而且其他国家也不愿意，所以我们最早是在2034年申办，另外我认为提高自己足球的水平更加重要，免得让别人看笑话，是否举办世界杯不太重要。
2034世界杯主办地中国
2034年世界杯的主办权并未确定，有可能在中国举办。
1、根据国际足球联合会关于世界杯的申办条件限制，每个申请举办世界杯正赛的国家都必须同时满足很多苛刻的条件，其中最主要的就是这个国家的经济条件以及安全条件，同时这个国家的足球发展也需要处在良好的阶段，这一点我们中国已经完全满足所有的要求。
2、那么在2034年世界杯申办流程开始之后，只要我们的中国足协提交世界杯的举办申请，那么就有非常大的可能能够举办2034年的世界杯。
世界杯的简介：
1、国际足联世界杯简称世界杯，是世界上最高荣誉、最高规格、最高竞技水平、最高知名度的足球比赛，与奥运会并称为全球体育两大最顶级赛事，影响力和转播覆盖率超过奥运会的全球最大体育盛事。
2、世界杯是全球各个国家在足球领域最梦寐以求的神圣荣耀，也是各个国家所有足球运动员的终极梦想。世界杯每四年举办一次，任何国际足联会员国都可以派出代表队报名参加这项赛事。世界杯是世界足球运动发展推广普及的源头和根本，所以也被誉为生命之杯。
3、巴西是夺得该项荣誉最多的球队，共获得5次世界杯冠军，并在3夺世界杯后永久地保留了前任世界杯雷米特杯。现在的世界杯是大力神杯，4夺世界杯冠军的德国在1974年首次捧杯并沿用至今，两者都统称为世界杯。中国曾在2002年首次晋级第17届韩日世界杯决赛阶段32强。
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Mutfak dekorasyonunda dikkat edilmesi gereken hususlar ve dekorasyon fikirleri. Hayallerinizi süsleyen mutfağı adım adım gerçeğe dönüştürebilirsiniz. Bunun için;
A- Ölçme İşlemleri;
1. Köşelerden kapılara kadar her yeri ölçün,
2. Duvarlardaki tüm çıkıntıları, radyatörleri, havalandırma girişleri ve boru gibi şeyleri ölçün.
3. Her pencerenin yerden uzaklığını, duvardan uzaklığını ölçün ve bu işlemi kapılar içinde uygulayın.
4. Duvardaki prizleri, elektrik düğmelerinin yerlerini ölçün.
B- Planlama
1. Ocak, bzudolabı ve eviye arasında çabuk ve kolay hareket edebilmeniz gerekir.
2. Ocağın her iki yanında tezgah olması idealdir. Ama yeriniz dar ise önceliği eviye ve ocak arasındaki tezgah alanına verin.
3. Her şey rahat bir yükseklikte olmalıdır. Buna fırın, mikrodalga ve tezgahlar dahildir. Gereksiz uzanmalar yorucu ve tehlikeli olabilir.
4. Eşyaları en çok kullanıldıkları yere yakın yerleştirin. Örnek tava ve tencereleri ocağa yakın bir dolaba koyun.
5. Yeterli aydınlatmanız bulunduğundan, özellikle de tezgah üzerinin iyi aydınlatıldığından emin olun.
6. Çöp ayırma sisteminizin kolay erişilen ve kullanılan bir noktada olması gerekir.
7. Dolap kapaklarının ve buzdolabının hangi yöne açıldığına dikkat edin.
İkea mutfak broşüründen alınmıştır.Cancellate le prove femminili di Funesdalen e quelle maschili di Gallivare: si dovrebbe comunque partire con il doppio slalom maschile (27-28 novembre) nella località finlandese che pochi giorni prima attende la Coppa del Mondo.
Martedì 15 Settembre
Anche il circuito di Coppa Europa, a maggior ragione considerati gli enormi costi organizzativi per rispettare i protocolli in materia di Covid, deve rivedere il calendario della stagione 2020/21.
Sono stati per ora confermati gli slalom maschili di Levi che, il 27-28 novembre, inaugurerebbero l'annata nelle giornate successive all'appuntamento di Coppa del Mondo nella località finlandese; è la Svezia che ha già annunciato la rinuncia ad ospitare le quattro prove previste, ovvero gli slalom femminili di Funesdalen, fissati proprio per il 27-28 novembre, e i giganti maschili previsti l'1-2 dicembre a Gallivare.
Tanti dubbi anche sulle successive gare in Norvegia, seppur da casa FIS per ora non ci sono notizie di cambi di programma: i due giganti femminili di
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article and History of Guam. The original inhabitants of Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands were the Chamorro people, who are believed to be descendants of Austronesian people originating from Southeast Asia as early as 2000 BC.
The ancient Chamorro society had four classes: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class). The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island. Matua and mana'chang rarely communicated with each other, and matua often used achaot as intermediaries. There were also "makåhna" or "kakahna", shamans with magical powers and "Suruhånu" or "Suruhåna" healers who use different kinds of plants and natural materials to make medicine. Belief in spirits of ancient Chamorros called "Taotao mo'na" still persists as a remnant of pre-European culture. It is believed that "Suruhånu" or "Suruhåna" are the only ones who can safely harvest plants and other natural materials from their homes or "hålomtåno’" without incurring the wrath of the "Taotao mo'na". Their society was organized along matrilineal clans.
Latte stones are stone pillars that are found only in the Mariana Islands; they are a recent development in Pre-Contact Chamorro society. The latte-stone was used as a foundation on which thatched huts were built. Latte stones consist of a base shaped from limestone called the haligi and with a capstone, or tåsa, made either from a large brain coral or limestone, placed on top. A possible source for these stones, the Rota Latte Stone Quarry, was discovered in 1925 on Rota.
The first European to travel to Guam was Portuguese navigator Ferdinand Magellan, sailing for the King of Spain, when he sighted the island on March 6, 1521, during his fleet's circumnavigation of the globe. When Magellan arrived on Guam, he was greeted by hundreds of small outrigger canoes that appeared to be flying over the water, due to their considerable speed. These outrigger canoes were called Proas, and resulted in Magellan naming Guam Islas de las Velas Latinas ("Islands of the Lateen sails"). Antonio Pigafetta (one of Magellan's original 18) said that the name was "Island of Sails", but he also writes that the inhabitants "entered the ships and stole whatever they could lay their hands on", including "the small boat that was fastened to the poop of the flagship." "Those people are poor, but ingenious and very thievish, on account of which we called those three islands Islas de los Ladrones ("Islands of thieves")."
Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565, by General Miguel López de Legazpi. From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outposts in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, were an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila. To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures that still stand today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. Guam is the biggest single segment of Micronesia, the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands.
Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668, with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church. The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran. Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While the island's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule.
Intermittent warfare lasting from July 23, 1670, until July 1695, plus the typhoons of 1671 and 1693, and in particular the smallpox epidemic of 1688, reduced the Chamorro population from 50,000 to 10,000, finally to less than 5,000. Precipitated by the death of Quipuha, and the murder of Father San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod by local rebel chief Matapang, tensions led to a number of conflicts. Captain Juan de Santiago started a campaign to conquer the island, which was continued by the successive commanders of the Spanish forces.
After his arrival in 1674, Captain Damian de Esplana ordered the arrest of rebels who attacked the population of certain towns. Hostilities eventually led to the destruction of villages such as Chochogo, Pepura, Tumon, Sidia-Aty, Sagua, Nagan and Ninca. Starting in June 1676, the first Spanish Governor of Guam, Capt. Francisco de Irrisarri y Vinar, controlled internal affairs more strictly than his predecessors in order to curb tensions. He also ordered the construction of schools, roads and other infrastructure. Later, Capt. Jose de Quiroga arrived in 1680 and continued some of the development projects started by his predecessors. He also continued the search for the rebels who had assassinated Father San Vitores, resulting in campaigns against the rebels which were hiding out in some islands, eventually leading to the death of Matapang, Hurao and Aguarin. Quiroga brought some natives from the northern islands to Guam, ordering the population to live in a few large villages. These included Jinapsan, Umatac, Pago, Agat and Inarajan, where he built a number of churches. By July 1695, Quiroga had completed the conquest of Guam, Rota, Tinian and Aguigan.
On February 26, 1767, Charles III of Spain issued a decree confiscating the property of the Jesuits and banishing them from Spain and her possessions. As a consequence, the Jesuit fathers on Guam departed on November 2, 1769, on the schooner Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe, abandoning their churches, rectories and ranches.
The arrival of Governor Don Mariano Tobias, on September 15, 1771, brought agricultural reforms, including making land available to the islanders for cultivation, encouraged the development of cattle raising, imported deer and water buffalo from Manila, donkeys and mules from Acapulco, established cotton mills and salt pans, free public schools, and the first Guam militia. Later, he was transferred to Manila in June 1774.
Following the Napoleonic Wars, many Spanish colonies in the Western Hemisphere had become independent, shifting the economic dependence of Guam from Mexico to the Philippines. Don Francisco Ramon de Villalobos, who became governor in 1831, improved economic conditions including the promotion of rice cultivation and the establishment of a leper hospital.
Otto von Kotzebue visited the island in November 1817, and Louis de Freycinet in March 1819. Jules Dumont d'Urville made two visits, the first in May 1828. The island became a rest stop for whalers starting in 1823.
A devastating typhoon struck the island on August 10, 1848, followed by a severe earthquake on January 25, 1849, which resulted in many refugees from the Caroline Islands, victims of the resultant tsunami. After a smallpox epidemic killed 3,644 Guamanians in 1856, Carolinians and Japanese were permitted to settle in the Marianas. Guam received nineteen Filipino prisoners after their failed 1872 Cavite mutiny.
After almost four centuries as part of the Kingdom of Spain, the United States occupied the island following Spain's defeat in the 1898 Spanish–American War, as part of the Treaty of Paris of 1898. Guam was transferred to the United States Navy control on December 23, 1898, by Executive Order 108-A from 25th President William McKinley. Guam came to serve as a station for American merchant and warships traveling to and from the Philippines (another American acquisition from Spain) while the Northern Mariana Islands were sold by Spain to Germany for part of its rapidly expanding German Empire, then following the German defeat in World War I (1914-1918) became a League of Nations Mandate in 1919 with the nearby Empire of Japan as the mandatory ("trustee") as a member nation of the victorious Allies in the "Great War". A U.S. Navy yard was established at Piti in 1899, and a United States Marine Corps barracks at Sumay in 1901. Following the Philippine–American War (also known as the Philippine Insurrection, 1899-1902), rebel nationalist leaders Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini were exiled on Guam in 1901 after their capture.
A marine seaplane unit was stationed in Guam from 1921 to 1930, the first in the Pacific. Pan American World Airways established a seaplane base on the island for its trans-Pacific San Francisco-Manila-Hong Kong route, and the Commercial Pacific Cable Company had earlier built a telegraph/telephone station in 1903 for its trans-oceanic communication line. During World War II (1939-1945), Guam was attacked and invaded by Japan on Monday, December 8, 1941, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor's American Pacific fleet and naval/air bases in Hawaii, hours before. In addition, Japan made major military moves into Southeast Asia and the East Indies islands of the South Pacific Ocean against the British and Dutch colonies, opening a new wider Pacific phase in the Second World War. The Japanese renamed Guam Ōmiya-jima (ja.: 大宮島) or Great Shrine Island.
The Northern Mariana Islands had become a League of Nations mandate assigned to Japan in 1919, pursuant to the Treaty of Versailles of 1919. Chamorros indigenous island people from the Northern Marianas were brought to Guam to serve as interpreters and in other capacities for the occupying Japanese force. The Guamanian Chamorros were treated as an occupied enemy by the Japanese military. After the war, this would cause resentment between the Guamanian Chamorros and the Chamorros of the Northern Marianas. Guam's Chamorros believed their northern brethren should have been compassionate towards them, whereas having been administered by Japan for over 30 years, the Northern Mariana Chamorros were loyal to the Japanese government.
The Japanese occupation of Guam lasted for approximately thirty-one months. During this period, the indigenous people of Guam were subjected to forced labor, family separation, incarceration, execution, concentration camps and forced prostitution. Approximately one thousand people died during the occupation, according to later Congressional committee testimony in 2004. Some historians estimate that war violence killed 10% of Guam's then 20,000 population.
The United States returned and fought the Battle of Guam from July 21 to August 10, 1944, to recapture the island from Japanese military occupation. More than 18,000 Japanese were killed as only 485 surrendered. Sergeant Shoichi Yokoi, who surrendered in January 1972, appears to have been the last confirmed Japanese holdout for 28 years in the forested back country on Guam. The United States also captured and occupied the nearby Northern Marianas Islands.
After World War II, the Guam Organic Act of 1950 established Guam as an unincorporated organized territory of the United States, provided for the structure of the island's civilian government, and granted the people U.S. citizenship. The Governor of Guam was federally appointed until 1968, when the Guam Elective Governor Act provided for the office's popular election. Since Guam is not a U.S. state, U.S. citizens residing on Guam are not allowed to vote for president and their congressional representative is a non-voting member. They do, however, get to vote for party delegates in presidential primaries.
See also: Operation Arc Light and Operation Rolling Thunder. Andersen Air Force Base played a major role in the Vietnam War. The host unit was later designated the 36th Wing (36 WG), assigned to the Pacific Air Forces (PACAF) Thirteenth Air Force (13AF). In September 2012, 13 AF was inactivated and its functions merged into PACAF. The multinational Cope North military exercise is an annual event. On August 6, 1997, Guam was the site of the Korean Air Flight 801 aircraft accident. The Boeing 747–300 jetliner was preparing to land when it crashed into a hill, killing 228 of the 254 people on board. Since 1974, about 124 historic sites in Guam have been recognized under the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. Guam temporarily hosted 100,000 Vietnamese refugees in 1975, and 6,600 Kurdish refugees in 1996.
In August 2017, North Korea warned that it might launch mid-range ballistic missiles into waters within 18miles24miles of Guam, following an exchange of threats between the governments of North Korea and the United States.
Guam lies between 13.2°N and 13.7°N and between 144.6°E and 145.0°E, and has an area of 212sqmi, making it the 32nd largest island of the United States. It is the southernmost and largest island in the Mariana island chain and is also the largest island in Micronesia. This island chain was created by the colliding Pacific and Philippine Sea tectonic plates. Guam is the closest land mass to the Mariana Trench, a deep subduction zone, that lies beside the island chain to the east. Challenger Deep, the deepest surveyed point in the Oceans, is southwest of Guam at 35797feet deep. The highest point in Guam is Mount Lamlam at an elevation of 1334feet.
The island of Guam is 30miles long and 4to wide, three-fourths the size of Singapore. The island experiences occasional earthquakes due to its location on the western edge of the Pacific Plate and near the Philippine Sea Plate. In recent years, earthquakes with epicenters near Guam have had magnitudes ranging from 5.0 to 8.7. Unlike the Anatahan volcano in the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam is not volcanically active. However, due to its proximity to Anatahan, vog (i.e. volcanic smog) does occasionally affect Guam.
A coral table reef surrounds most of Guam, and the limestone plateau provides the source for most of the island's fresh water. Steep coastal cliffs dominate the north, while the southern end of the island is mountainous, with lower hills in between.
Guam experiences a tropical rainforest climate (Köppen Af) – though its driest month of March almost averages dry enough to qualify as a tropical monsoon climate – moderated by seasonal easterly trade winds. However, due to its proximity to the equator, high sea surface temperature and warm ocean current that transports moisture from the east, the weather is generally very warm and humid throughout the year with little seasonal temperature variation. Hence, Guam is known to have equable temperatures year round. The mean high temperature is 86°F and mean low is 76°F. Temperatures rarely exceed 90°F or fall below 70°F. The relative humidity commonly exceeds 84 percent at night throughout the year, but the average monthly humidity hovers near 66 percent. The dry season runs from December to June. The remaining months (July to November) constitute the wet season with an average annual rainfall between 1981 and 2010 of around 98inches. The months of January and February are considered the coolest months of the year with overnight low temperatures of 70to and generally less oppressive humidity levels. The highest temperature ever recorded in Guam was 96F on April 18, 1971, and April 1, 1990, and the lowest temperature ever recorded was 65F on February 8, 1973.
Guam is located in Typhoon Alley and it is common for the island to be threatened by tropical storms and possible typhoons during the wet season. The highest risk of typhoons is during August through October. They can, however, occur year-round. The most intense typhoon to pass over Guam recently was Super Typhoon Pongsona, with sustained winds of 144mph, gusts to 173mph, which slammed Guam on December 8, 2002, leaving massive destruction. The wettest month on record at Guam Airport has been August 1997 with 38.49inches and the driest February 2015 with 0.15inches. The wettest calendar year has been 1976 with 131.7inches and the driest 1998 with 57.88inches. The most rainfall in a single day occurred on 15 October 1953 when 15.48inches fell.
Since Super Typhoon Pamela in 1976, wooden structures have been largely replaced by concrete structures. During the 1980s wooden utility poles began to be replaced by typhoon-resistant concrete and steel poles. After the local Government enforced stricter construction codes, many home and business owners built their structures out of reinforced concrete with installed typhoon shutters.
Based on a 2010 estimate, the largest ethnic group are the native Chamorros, accounting for 37.3% of the total population. Other significant ethnic groups include those of Filipino (26.3%), White (7.1%), and Chuukese (7%) ethnicities. The rest are from other Pacific Islands or of Asian ancestry.
The official languages of the island are English and Chamorro.
See also: Music of Guam.
See also: Culture of Guam.
Post-European-contact Chamorro Guamanian culture is a combination of American, Spanish, Filipino, other Micronesian Islander and Mexican traditions. Few indigenous pre-Hispanic customs remained following Spanish contact. Hispanic influences are manifested in the local language, music, dance, sea navigation, cuisine, fishing,
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روایتی از زنانی که مردانشان را روانه ی جبهه های نبرد کردند.
«لیانا» یکی از همین زن هاست که برای همسرش «کارستن» که خلبان جنگنده ی آلمانی است و برای جاسوسی به ایران آمده، نامه می نویسد.
روایتی از جنگ و رخدادهایش، از طریق نامه هایی که بین این دو رد و بدل می شود شکل می گیرد.
مستند «نامه های کارستن» شنبه نوزدهم اسفندماه در برنامه جشنواره تلویزیونی مستند به روی آنتن شبکه مستند می رود.
برای شرکت در نظرسنجی و شانس برنده شدن کافیست کد فیلم را به همراه امتیاز به شماره ۳۰۰۰۰۸۱ ارسال
کنید.
|خیلی ضعیف||1|
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به طور مثال:
در صورتی که از این مستند راضی بودید می توانید 5 را به شماره 3000081 ارسال کنید.
شروع رای گیری: بعد از پخش
مهلت: تا ۲۴ ساعتALTERNATE NAMES: Kartvelebi; Gurji
POPULATION: 5–5.4 million (total population); 3.8 million are ethnic Georgians
RELIGION: Georgian Orthodoxy
The people we know as Georgians call themselves the Kartvelebi and they call their country Sa-kartvel-o , literally, "the land of the Kartvelebi."
Georgia is strategically located at a crossroads between Europe and Asia. Through the centuries, it has been invaded and settled by Greeks, Romans, Persians, Turkish tribes, Arabs, Mongols, and Russians. Georgia was also on one of the branches of the Silk Road, which carried trade from China and India to Europe. So the Georgian people have been influenced by many cultures, both Asian and European. The Georgians' architecture, language, literature, and cooking draw upon Persian, Arabic, Greek, and Russian sources. Georgians probably developed a national identity around the tenth century AD . At that time the Bagratid dynasty founded an independent and powerful Georgian nation. The Georgians resemble Greeks and Turks in appearance, and they think of themselves as an Eastern Mediterranean culture.
Georgia covers 27,657 square miles (71,632 square kilometers), about twice the area of Belgium. The Greater Caucasian mountain range rises in the north and the Southern Georgian Highlands in the south. Two- thirds of Georgian territory is mountainous. Between the mountains lie fertile lowlands with orchards and vineyards. Most of the land can be farmed.
Ethnic Georgians number 3.8 million and make up 70 percent of the population in Georgia. Ethnic groups, including the Abkhazians and the Adjarians, make up the rest of the population of Georgia, which was part of the former Soviet Union (1921–91). The capital of Georgia is Tbilisi.
Georgian is part of the South Caucasian family of languages: Zan (Mengrelo-Chan), Svan, and Georgian proper (Kartuli). It does not belong to any of the world's major language categories, such as Indo-European or Semitic. Over 98 percent of Georgians consider Georgian their native tongue. Business, political, and cultural activities are conducted in Georgian.
Although it has borrowed many words from Arabic, Turkic, Persian, and Russian, Georgian has remained distinctive. For example, "father" in Georgian is mama and "mother" is deda. Georgian is rich in words connected with agriculture, winemaking, and metalworking. These are areas in which Georgians have specialized for a long time. For example, all metals have native words, not borrowing from Latin or some other language. For example, gold is okro , silver is vertskhli , brass is titberi , and copper is spilendzi.
Everyday terms in Georgian include gamardzhobut (hello), ki (yes), ara (no), getakhvat (please), madlobt (thank you), and nakhvamdis (good-bye).
Georgian folklore is rich in magicians, beasts, heroes, and spirits. Many are preserved in song, and in popular customs and superstitions. Some of the favorite characters in Georgian folk tales are mzetunakhavi (the most beautiful woman in the world), modzalade devi (a violent beast, sometimes with three heads), and natsarkekia (a ne'erdo-well, or a person who cannot do anything worthwhile).
A well-known Georgian legend is about the location of the capital, Tbilisi. According to the legend, King Vakhtang Gorgasali ( AD 452–502) was hunting on the site of present-day Tbilisi. He wounded a deer. As the deer was bleeding to death, it fell into a warm sulfur spring. The spring water instantly cleansed and healed the wound, and the deer ran off into the woods. The king inspected the spring. Because he was pleased with the healing power of the water, he decided to settle there.
Another famous Georgian legend tells of two Georgian Jews, Elioz Karsneli and Longinoz Mtskheteli, who witnessed the crucifixion of Jesus. At the moment that Jesus died on the cross in Jerusalem, the mother of Longinoz died as well. The two men returned from Jerusalem and brought the tunic of Jesus back with them. The sister of Elioz died when she held the tunic next to her heart. According to the legend, the tunic is buried somewhere in Mtskheta, which is just north of Tbilisi.
Georgians are very superstitious. In the countryside one still can see trees with ribbons tied to them, each ribbon standing for a wish. Before setting off on a trip, Georgians often sit on their suitcase for a few seconds to ensure a safe journey. If a knife falls off a table, Georgians believe they will have a male guest.
The country's great variety of ethnic groups is reflected in its variety of religions. The religion of most Georgians is Georgian Orthodoxy, a branch of Eastern Orthodoxy. St. George is the patron saint of Georgia.
The Georgian Orthodoxy service is very similar to that of most other Eastern churches. There is a formal prayer service with a choir and the burning of incense. However, there are no pews and no sermons. People walk in and out during the service, and women still cover their heads in church. The Georgian church was almost destroyed by the atheist policies of the Soviet era (1921–91). Its more than two thousand parishes were reduced to eighty by the 1960s. Since independence, the Georgian church has played an important role in national life.
There are also a small number of Georgian Catholics. There are larger numbers of Georgian Muslims (followers of Islam) in Achara in southwest Georgia and along the southern border.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union (in 1991), the Georgian government replaced the communist holidays with patriotic or religious ones. These include Independence Day (May 26) and St. George's Day (November 23). Many Georgians continue to celebrate Christmas and Easter according to the old-style (Julian) calendar observed by the Georgian Orthodox church. In September and October, the rtveli , or grape harvest, is marked by festivals in the villages. Georgian cities also hold celebrations. In the autumn, for example, Tbilisi has a Tbilisoba festival, which celebrates the life and history of the city.
Saints' days are celebrated by Georgians. Each day on the calendar is assigned a saint's name, and people with that name are honored on that day. Orthodox baptism and wedding ceremonies serve as important milestones in Georgian life.
Georgians share many social attitudes with neighboring Mediterranean cultures. Tradition, loyalty to friends and family, and generosity toward guests are viewed as important values. Nepotism—the system by which relatives help each other get jobs—is considered honorable. Important relationships might help a child enter a university, gain a promotion for a family member, or give a close friend a new business opportunity.
According to a Georgian proverb, "A guest is sent by God." Guests are always treated generously in a Georgian home, even if the host cannot really afford it. Guests usually bring a symbolic gift, such as flowers or chocolates, when they visit. Even if an enemy crosses a Georgian threshold, he or she must be treated well and not harmed. The best way to show respect for guests is to honor them with a keipi , or feast. The keipi is a central part of Georgian social life.
There are certain important rules of behavior that all Georgians observe: always greet a person properly, stand up when someone enters a room, and never sit with your back to anyone.
The Georgian language, like the French, has two forms for "you": the familiar shen, like the French tu , which is used among friends, and the polite form tkven, like vous , which is used to address elders or strangers.
When Georgia was part of the U.S.S.R. (from 1921 to 1991), people lived well, although their incomes were small. Services such as health care and education were free. Most people in cities paid very little for rent and utilities, and food was cheap. Most city families lived in three-room or four-room apartments (two bedrooms, a living room, and a kitchen). If a family was large, beds were often set up in the living room at night.
The switch to a market-based economy, which began in 1991, has been very difficult. Allowances for food and services are gone, and the state cannot afford to pay people proper salaries or pensions. University education and medicine are no longer free, and transportation is expensive. Georgians now must be much more self-reliant, doing their own house repairs and the like. In the winter there often is no heat, no gas for cooking, and no electricity for long periods.
More and more Georgian families are increasingly nuclear (just parents and children living in a single unit). Couples have an average of two children, but relatives always live close by. Children are brought up with a strong respect for family and for older people. Women in Georgia are expected to do most of the housework and child rearing. In 1960, there were only three divorces per hundred marriages, but that figure had risen to eighteen by 1992.
Grandparents usually live close enough to take care of the grandchildren. Uncles, aunts, nephews, nieces, cousins, and even godparents are considered close family and are seen frequently. A person is required to help relatives in times of crisis. With the current high rate of unemployment, the extended family has become important for of economic survival. When the time comes, both sons and daughters take equal care of their aging parents.
Georgians have always had a reputation for being stylish dressers. Today they wear casual clothes and follow the latest fashions. However, on special occasions they wear traditional costumes. The chokha is the man's tunic. It is usually magenta or white, is belted at the waist, and has decorative cartridge pouches on the chest. The kartuli kaba is the traditional female costume. It consists of a silk veil and a long, embroidered dress having wide sleeves and gathered at the waist.
There are also costumes associated with various regions and professions. The women in Khevsureti are well known for their tsinda-pachich , thick knee-length socks colored with natural dyes. In the mountains, shepherds still wear the nabadi. This is a black felt cloak with stiff wide shoulders that can be used for shelter in winter weather.
Cut into small squares to serve. It is best served slightly warm.
Women, especially in the villages, wear black for a year or longer after a death in the family.
Georgian food combines Turkish, Greek, Arabic, and even Indian influences. It is often spicy, flavored especially with coriander, tarragon, and khmeli suneli (a mixture of spices). Hot and cold dishes are served with side dishes of tomatoes, cucumber, spring onions, sulguni (a cheese), and puri (unleavened bread baked in an open brick oven).
A typical festive table ( supra) might consist of puréed beets and spinach sprinkled with pomegranate seeds, khachapuri (a baked cheese bread), satsivi (chicken in walnut sauce), chanakhi (a lamb and vegetable stew), tolma (minced meat wrapped in vine leaves), and badrizhani nivrit (eggplant with garlic).
Wine is an essential part of any meal. Georgians make a wide variety of red wines (such as Mukuzani ) and white wines (such as Tsinandali ).
Regional differences in cuisine are pronounced. In the west, one is more likely to eat mchadi (cornbread) and cheese bread such as Acharuli , which has an egg baked in the middle of the cheese and dough.
Most children attend school from age six to age fifteen. Their classes include geography, Georgian literature, history, physics, chemistry, choir, and foreign languages. Russian is still the most often taught language, although English is the most popular. Students can attend two more years of school beyond age sixteen—either high school or vocational (job-training) school—if they pass a test. The completion of eleven years of schooling qualifies a student for University education. University usually lasts five years.
Teaching styles are formal; much learning is done by repetition and memorization. Final examinations are oral and marked on a scale of one to five, with five being the best. An excellent student is known as a khutosani (a "fiver"). Currently, most schools are in poor repair, with roofs leaking and a lack of equipment such as computers, scientific instruments, and even textbooks.
Most performing choruses are male, although there are also women's choirs that sing at church services. The Gurians in west Georgia are well known for their complex use of krimanchuli (yodeling). Many Georgians play the piano or guitar. Traditional instruments include the duduki (a double-reed instrument similar to a clarinet) and the panduri (a three-stringed lute).
The Georgian State Dance Company has helped make Georgian dance a favorite of international audiences. Dances include the lezginka , the samaia (performed by three women), and the mkhedruli (the military dance). Georgian children often start dancing and performing at an early age.
Georgia has many great musicians including pianists Alexander Toradze (1952–) and Eliso Virsaladze (1942–), violinist Leana Isakadze (1946–), and bass-player Paata Buchuladze. The Georgian Republic has its own symphony orchestra, and dance, opera, and ballet companies. However, because of the current economic crisis in Georgia, many arts organizations are not performing. The renowned Rustaveli Theater Company does continue to tour. The Georgian film industry has a history dating back to the early twentieth century. Famous filmmakers include Eldar Shengelaia (1933–), Giorgi Shengelaia, and Tengiz Abuladze (1924–94).
The Georgian literary tradition owes its origin to the adoption of Christianity. The earliest surviving Georgian literary works date from the fifth century AD . An early chronicle of Georgian history is known as the Kartlis Tskhovreba , written in the early years of Christianity in Georgia.
Poetry is considered one of the highest art forms in Georgia. It is recited at the dinner table and among friends. The greatest classic of Georgian literature is a twelfth-century epic by the poet Shota Rustaveli, called The Knight in the Tiger's Skin. Quotations from this work are still used as proverbs, such as this piece of advice: "What you give is yours, what you keep is lost."
Georgian writers include Ilia Chavchavadze (1837–1907), Galaktion Tabidze (1892–1959), Vazha Pshavela (1942–), and Ana Kalandadze. Georgian literature has produced prose and poetry classics such as Konstantine Gamsakhurdia's The Hand of the Great Master , or Galaktion Tabidze's great poems The Moon of Mtatsminda and The Wind Blows.
In the late 1990s, Georgia's government was unable to pay high enough wages, create and promote new jobs, or pay social-security benefits. Most Georgians today survive by working two or three jobs or by selling their belongings. Many rely on help from families and friends. Most of the people employed by the state are forced to seek extra income. Usually they work in small businesses or trade on the black market (illegally). At least one-third of Georgians earn their living from the land.
Traditional Georgian sports include wrestling, archery, fencing, javelin throwing, horse riding, tskhenburti (a form of polo), and leloburti (a field game similar to rugby). Today, the most popular sport in Georgia is soccer. Georgians have also achieved fame in basketball, mountain climbing, and skiing (a popular sport in the mountain resorts). As part of the U.S.S.R. Olympic team, Georgians won twenty-three gold medals between 1952 and 1980. Georgia entered the 1996 Olympics independently for the first time.
Georgians love going to the theater and classical concerts. A favorite Georgian pastime is sitting around a table with friends and singing. Some of the most popular songs are Suliko , Mravalzamier (Be long living), and Shen khar venakhi (You are the vine). Most young people are fans of Western rock bands. Many have their own rock bands as well.
In chess, players such as Nona Gaprindishvili (1941–) and Maia Chiburdanidze (1961–) kept the world women's chess championship in Georgian hands for more than thirty years.
Making pottery is still a village craft in Georgia, and pottery can be bought at the market or even at the roadside. Most pottery is connected with drinking: simple bowls known as pialebi, which are raised to the lips with both hands; and dokebi , long-necked pots for storing and pouring wine.
Another important craft is rug making. Rugs are either woven in traditional Georgian patterns or made from compressed felt in abstract patterns. The colors used most often are deep red, brown, blue, and yellow.
Georgians are also very proud of their skills with metal, particularly gold and silver. Metal chasing (ornamentation), which Georgians call cheduroba , is a treasured craft, as are enameling and jewelry making.
Following independence and the breakdown of their economy, Georgians have suffered enormous hardships. Mutual support among friends and family is extremely important today. There are food shortages, and medicines are either not available or too expensive to buy. A lack of fuel has led to hospital closings and an insufficient emergency system. A decline in health care, poor diets, and inadequate immunization have led to a decline in Georgians' health. Lessening supervision by parents and police has led to increased crime, including organized crime.
Two nationalist movements—one in South Ossetia and the other in Abkhazia—threaten the stability of the national government and the
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Barber的冬季驾驶诊所?
欧宝娱乐怎么样与传奇赛车学校Skip Barber合作，以确保当开始下雪时，你不会被困在沟里。
关于汽车陷雪的常见问题
如果你有问题，欧宝娱乐怎么样有答案!
问:四轮驱动还是四轮驱动能让我更快地离开?
一个。
有两个以上从动轮的是一个快速摆脱困境的好方法，但它不会让你的车更高，也不会让你的轮胎抓地力更好。四轮驱动汽车和小型跨界车仍将面临艰巨的挑战，需要有足够的离地间隙才能在雪地上行驶，而大型卡车和suv的司机可能会发现自己无望地陷在雪地里，轮胎已经脱落。
问:好吧，请专业人士帮我把车拖出去需要多少钱?
一个。这将取决于你被困的程度，你有什么样的交通工具，以及你最终被困在困境中有多远。平均来说，把你从沟里拖出来要花50- 300美元，但如果你开得离路很远，专门的钻机把你拖出来的费用可能会更高。
问:如果他们没来，我应该下车去寻求帮助吗?
一个。如果你在离服务站不远的街上，当然，你可以下车去寻求帮助。如果你在看不到任何文明世界的地方，在安全的情况下，最好待在车里。
问:冬天开车安全，我应该在车里装什么?
一个。至少，你应该始终拥有以下内容:
以下是加分项:
- 紧急耀斑
- 盐、沙子或猫砂
让我们谈谈，在下面评论谈谈欧宝娱乐怎么样开车的编辑!
我们在这里是所有How-To相关的专家指南。利用我们，赞美我们，对我们大喊大叫。请在下方评论，让我们一起讨论吧!你也可以在推特或Instagram上对我们大喊大叫，这是我们的简介。
乔纳森·克莱因:推特(@jonathon.klein)、Instagram (@jonathon_klein）
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有问题吗?有专业建议吗?请给我们留言:firstname.lastname@example.orgApologia Exploring Creation with Astronomy is a Bible based science curriculum for elementary students.
The book begins with a general discussion of astronomy and then covers each planet as well as the sun, the moon, space rocks, stars and galaxies, and space travel. The information is very detailed, yet explained simply enough for anyone to understand. The book has fourteen lessons and each takes about two weeks to complete. You will read information and have your child narrate or write what he or she has learned for the day. Answers to discussion questions are provided in the back of the book.
The book is full of astronomy projects and experiments. You will create a model of a hurricane as an example of what the Great Red Spot on Jupiter may look like, make a model of Mercury, and build a model space station, as well as other exciting, hands-on projects. Most of these are at the end of the lessons. Your child is encouraged to complete various assignments and keep them in a notebook. By the time you complete the book, your child will have an impressive notebook to look back on. It’s a terrific record of what has been learned.
The front of the book provides a list of materials needed for each lesson. Most are things you have around the house and the others are easily obtained. You are also given a password to the apologia website. This password gives you access to even more information. The web site will give you dates of astronomical events so you know what you will see in the night sky where you are. It will also provide links to other web sites with interesting photos and information.
This book is easily used in a multi-age setting. Most of the assignments and activities can be done at any age, though some will require more guidance for younger children. Occasionally, the book will have an assignment for younger children and one for older. Even these assignments are similar and don’t create any additional work for the parent.
With all the reading, notebook assignments, narration, and projects, you will learn an incredible amount about astronomy. Spending an entire school year on the subject allows you and your students to explore the topic thoroughly and become very knowledgeable in this area.
Like all Apologia Science books, this book is written from a creationist point of view. The author repeatedly provides evidence of God as creator throughout the text.
While each lesson takes about two weeks, there are no specific lesson plans in the astronomy book. This does create a little more work for the parent, but also allows for flexibility. You can decide how much information to cover and how many days each week to study science. Your child will be required to do quite a bit of writing. If they are young, they will narrate, and you will write. This is a big change if you or your child are accustomed to fill in the blank and matching type exercises.
I highly recommend this course. If you have been using a more traditional science text, it may take a little while to feel comfortable with the Apologia science curriculum. It is less structured than a typical classroom science course, and yet, my children have learned more and enjoyed science more than the when we used the more traditional curriculum. I used this with my first grade daughter and my fifth grade son at the same time. This truly is a multi-age curriculum.
Copyright Learningthings.com. This content may be freely reproduced in full or in part in any online website as long as you include a link to http://learningthings.com and give full attribution to Learningthings.com as the source.
© 2013, Learningthings.com. Copyright Learningthings.com. This content may be freely reproduced in full or in part in any online website as long as you include a link to http://learningthings.com and give full attribution to Learningthings.com as the source. For permission to reproduce this content in other media formats please contact us.ورزش هایی برای ستون فقرات گردنی بدون تجهیزات
تمرین 1: موقعیت شروع صندلی است. پشت راست است ، ستون فقرات گردنی کشیده شده است. بیمار باید چانه خود را به سمت داخل بکشد ، شبه a غبغب.
این حالت را برای 30 ثانیه نگه دارید و 10 بار این کار را تکرار کنید. حرکت "چانه به داخل" در قسمت فوقانی ستون فقرات گردن رحم انجام می شود و باعث خم شدن در این ناحیه می شود. بیمار می تواند حرکت را با دست خود پشتیبانی کند.
این تمرین را می توان به خوبی در وضعیت خوابیده به پشت انجام داد و به دلیل داشتن پایه ثابت حتی راحت تر است. تمرین 2: موقعیت شروع صندلی است. بیمار سر خود را کج می کند سر جلو ، آن را نسبتاً شل در موقعیت چند ثانیه نگه می دارد.
برای افزایش کشش روی کانال نخاعی، بیمار حرکات خفیف "نه" انجام می دهد. این نوسان اجسام مهره ها را در برابر یکدیگر بسیج می کند. تمرین 3: کانال نخاعی تنگی باعث ایجاد علائم همراه با آن می شود ، مانند کشش ماهیچه ها.
برای کاهش تنش کمی از ناحیه شانه ،گردن ناحیه ، بیمار با شانه های خود حلقه می کند. این دور زدن باید گاه به گاه انجام شود ، به طوری که تنشی که در اثر استرس روزمره ایجاد می شود کاهش یابد. تمرین 4: درست مانند تمرین 3 ، تمرین 4 نیز برای منفجر کردن است گردن عضلات
کف دست در کنار بدن نگه داشته می شود و به سمت پایین هل داده می شود. شانه به پایین فشار داده شده و سر به طرف مقابل نگه داشته می شود این را نگه دار کشش 30 ثانیه در موقعیت قرار بگیرید و سپس طرف را تغییر دهید. تمرینات بیشتر را می توانید در مقالات پیدا کنید:
- ورزش هایی برای تنگی کانال نخاع در ستون فقرات گردنی
- چگونه می توانم ستون فقرات گردنی را به بهترین شکل کشش دهم؟
- چگونه ستون فقرات گردنی را به بهترین وجه آرام کنم
تمرینات با ترابند
تمرین برای ستون فقرات کمری: موقعیت شروع موضع است. ترابند با یک طرف زیر پا ثابت می شود. دست مخالف آن را می کشد ترابند به بالا و با آن نگاه می کند سر پشت آن ، به طوری که چرخشی تا ستون فقرات کمری ایجاد می شود.
بیمار به طور کامل در کشش بدن عضلات شکم و کمر باقی می ماند. باند را 15 بار به عقب بکشید. تمرین برای ستون فقرات گردنی: راست بنشینید ، تنه کشیده شده ، بازوها به سمت بالا کشیده شده و نگه دارید ترابند بین دست ها
در حالی که بازوها دراز شده است ، ترابند را از هم جدا کرده و دوباره با تنش به عقب بازگردانید. ستون فقرات گردنی نیز از نظر عضلانی بر اثر کشش شانه و گردن ماهیچه ها ترابند را 15 بار از هم جدا کنید. می توانید تمرینات بیشتری را در مقاله تمرینات با ترابند پیدا کنیدArticle of the month
The World History from the time of Creation
by Rev. Dr. John Williams
In order to get a good understanding of the world history from the time of creation, the best book to read is the Bible, from the point of view of World History, and not just as a Christian Religious book.
The world history books which are available in the market do not cover the years 1- 4000 BC, and the interim period between the Old Testament and the New Testament, during which time Jesus Christ lived.
It is interesting to note that one can focus on the Kings and Kingdoms, the Patriarchs of the Bible, who were the leaders of that time, the prophets and their lives etc.
Another way of studying the history of the world during the time period is to focus on the Bible History, Bible Geography, the countries that existed during this period, the wars fought, the kingdoms overthrown, the tribes of people, who were driven out of their countries, who took journeys in the wilderness in large numbers even for as long as 40 years to reach the final destination as in the case of Israelites, the land promised by God namely the Canaan land. Full details of this journey including all the difficulties they had along their way are descriptively given in the Bible.
Further the constant relationship maintained by those who led this journey such as Moses and their constant relationship and communication with God, along the journey are also fully described.
The names of different tribes of people that existed in that time, the conflicts they had, and the relationships they maintained are also mentioned.
Another important point to note is some important buildings and monuments erected by them in various places during this time, even though many of them have been buried under the ground. Quite a few monumental structures are still in good shape and have been preserved well such as the pyramids, the Temple of Solomon, now called as the Temple of Israel. The names of the countries in existence and the topography of the lands still remains the same such as the boundaries of the countries of biblical times, the rivers, mountains, desserts etc. The names of the Kings, and their battles have been recorded in the Bible.
It should also be noted that wherever the term God is used in the Bible, it refers to only one God and that is Jesus Christ. Of course at many places references have been made about man made gods, in gold and silver while the Bible declares that God made men. It should be noted that there are no comments whatsoever in the Bible, specifically commenting about any of the other religions in existence today as false religions or man made religions. However, several references have been made in the current writings and literature about man's desperate search for God, like in the case of Buddha.
(will be continued)More than half of Americans drink coffee daily, according to research at Syracuse University. For many, coffee’s jolt is the best part of waking up.
“I couldn’t live without it, I drink it every day,” said a Hartford construction worker who said he drinks at least six cups of coffee before he arrives at work.
Dr. Laura M. Juliano, an assistant professor at American University’s Department of Psychology, has studied coffee and its effect on people.
“It feels good. It’s a stimulant drug, so it makes people feel happy, more talkative, more sociable, more awake and alert,” she said. “It has a rewarding effect on the brain chemicals. It’s no different really from all drugs taken for recreational purpose, such as tobacco or alcohol.”
While typical soft drinks can provide a similar effect, the amount of caffeine they deliver generally is significantly lower. Research has shown that the beneficial effects observed in coffee are not replicated in other drinks.”The caffeine in coffee tends to have a bigger bang for the buck,” Juliano said.Sue Gebo, a registered dietitian in Hartford, Conn., pointed out that coffee tends to serve as the better drink over soft drinks because the typical soda contains more than 100 calories, compared to a cup of black coffee, which has almost no calories.”It’s the stuff people add to coffee — the cream, the extra cream, the sugar — that can add 60 or more calories in a large coffee,” Gebo said. “Then, the flavored syrups add significantly more calories.”Gebo also explained that coffee can camouflage normal hunger signals, but that wears off through the day.”People are more likely to get out-of-control hungry when the caffeine wears off. When people are trying to lose weight, they might get into trouble,” Gebo said.As with anything we consume, however, side effects can accompany the benefits of caffeine in coffee. Read full article.佛教般若思想的现代意义
觉真法师
2001年11月6日晚，慧觉法师从上海玉佛寺打来长途电话，约我为《觉群丛书系列》第一辑(共6种)写其中的一种。他提出了详细的具体要求，如篇幅在8万字左右，2002年元旦前交稿，读者对象为初机学佛者，等等。我答应了，报的题目是"佛教善恶观"。动笔之后，写得还比较快。但12月20日，慧觉法师再来电话，告知“善恶观”一书已有一位专家写好，希望我另选一个专题。我说，那就写《佛教智慧观》吧。但时间肯定来不及了，我建议顺延到02年2月交稿，慧觉法师很宽宏地允诺了。这是我执笔写《佛教智慧观》的一段前缘。
佛陀的言教、佛陀留给我们的人格垂范、佛门的法宝，一句话，佛法大海，无处不是智慧。让我在8万字范围内系统地全面地完整地介绍佛教的智慧，的确非我力所能及。我只能找到一个切入点，由此揭出佛教智慧观的核心，我想，这是我应该可以做到的。经过思索，我找到了写作此书的切入点，即首先回答：什么是智慧？智慧和聪明的区分在哪里？由此生发开去，必然要提出佛教的智慧是什么？这就自然揭出佛教智慧观的内核了。沿着这一思路，我搜集资料，进入研究。想不到在《辞源》里解释"智慧"这一词目时，竟直截了当的说"佛教指破除迷惑，证实真理的识力，梵语般若之意译，有彻悟意。"这是直接以般若来解释智慧的。《辞海》中解释“般若”(prajna)一词时，说:“智慧之意，佛教用以指如实了解一切事物的智慧。为表示它和一般智慧不同，故用音译。”这是指出般若即是智慧，而用音译的“般若”，是为了与一般智慧相区别。(注2)可见，我们的语文工具书中也都知道：佛教智慧的核心即是般若。
什么是般若？
据铃木大拙先生说：“般若，在英文中──以及整个欧洲语文中──没有一个字和此字相当。因为欧洲人没有完全相等于般若的经验。”(注1)在中文里，或汉语里，有一个词和它近似，这就是“智慧”。般若，是梵语prajna的音译，有时也译作“班若、波若、钵若、般罗若、钵剌若、波赖若”等等。完整地说，般若的全称是“般若波罗蜜多”(鸠摩罗什译为“般若波罗蜜”，玄奘大师译为“般若波罗蜜多”，虽多一字，实为新译)。《大智度论》卷四十三中云：“般若者，秦言智慧。一切诸智慧，最为第一，无上无比无等，更无胜者。”可见这不是一般的智慧，而是体悟佛陀真理的一种特殊的智慧，所以又译作“妙智慧”，“无上智慧”或中梵结合为“般若智慧”、“般若胜智”等等。
话说到这里，要我对“般若”下一条定义，的确很难。“诸佛妙理，非关文字”。佛教，已从信仰文明上升到了亲证文明，必须靠自己的体悟，即自证自悟、亲证亲悟而得，任何言说玄谈，只恐怕越说越远，我在讲课、写文章、回答提问时，的确常怀惴惴。
《大智度论》卷八十四中云：“般若名慧，波罗蜜名到彼岸。”这是明确的解释：一为智慧，一为到达彼岸。合起来即是渡到彼岸的智慧。能到达解脱的彼岸，这当然是人生的最高智慧了。这一智慧，是释迦世尊当初在菩提树下禅定49日，豁然开悟，圆证无上正等正觉而得。证悟之时，他慨然叹道：“奇哉，一切众生皆具如来智慧德相，只因妄想执着，不能证得。”可见，如来智慧，人人本有，人人皆具。经过诸天恳切劝请，释迦世尊放弃了不住俗世，不说妙法，不打算传教的初衷，才向鹿野苑走去，对其后的弟子们演说四圣谛、八正道。他讲的是中道：不要纵欲，也不要苦行，这两者都是偏执，不利于悟道修证。要行中道，只有凭健康的身体，清醒的心灵，正确的知见，明确的方向，才能产生智慧。
据《因果经》、《大智度论》等记载，佛陀最初是为舍利弗讲解“般若波罗
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پاکتا در بهترین فرصت ممکن برای گلزنی قرار گرفته و در مرکز محوطه تک به تک شد، اما باز هم لیواکوویچ توانست این ضربه را نیز مهار کند. در دقیقه 76 این بار نیمار دوباره در شرایطی تک به تک و در سمت چپ محوطه تا آستانه گلزنی پیش رفت، اما لیواکوویچ باز هم واکنش نشان داده و یک تنه دروازه کرواسی را حفظ کرد.
جالب اینجاست لیواکوویچ در بازی برابر برزیل شش مهار داشته که یکی بیشتر از تمام واکنش های آلیسون، دروازهبان تیم ملی برزیل در کل جام جهانی بوده است. در نهایت با درخشش لیواکوویچ بود که بازی به اوقات اضافی کشیده و شانس کرواسی برای صعود به دور بعد حفظ شد.Faulkner in Paris, 1925
Photo by W.C. Odiorne
After he wrote his first novel, Soldiers' Pay, Faulkner
traveled to Europe in the manner of many other young writers of
the day. While in France, he adopted the look and air of a Bohemian
poet by growing a beard and absorbing the art and culture of Paris'
Left Bank. One of his favorite places was in the Luxembourg Gardens,
where he was photographed by William C. Odiorne. He wrote a long
description of the Gardens, which he would later revise and incorporate
into his novel Sanctuary.
||Yocona River Bridge
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The University of Mississippi English Department.Physics Resource Page
Lawton Public Schools has created grade specific resource webpages to help guide you in your classroom science investigations. Use these resources to help enhance your science teaching and engage students.
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These progression charts show how in-depth certain skills are for each grade band (K-2, 3-5, 6-8, and 9-12). This gives you a better understanding of how to approach each unit by showing exactly what your students are required to learn.
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MATTER AND ITS INTERACTIONS
Momentum Thinking Problems
Model Building Activity of Electrostatics
Investigating the Strength of Magnetic Field
Relating Formulas to Common Sense
Egg Drop & Impulse
Conservation of Energy-hot Wheels
Work & Energy Thinking Problems
Concentrated Solar Power
Solar Water Heater
WAVES AND THEIR APPLICATION IN TECHNOLOGIES FOR INFORMATION TRANSFERYüksek sertliği, yüksek korozyon direnci ve yüksek sıcaklık dayanımı nedeniyle silisyum karbür seramikler yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Esas olarak aşağıdaki hususlar vardır: silisyum karbür seramikler iyi kimyasal korozyon direncine, yüksek mukavemete, yüksek sertliğe, iyi aşınma direncine, küçük sürtünme katsayısına ve yüksek sıcaklık direncine sahiptir, bu nedenle sızdırmazlık halkalarının üretimi için ideal malzemedir. Grafit malzemelerle eşleştirildiğinde sürtünme katsayısı alümina seramik ve sert alaşımlardan daha küçük olduğundan, özellikle kuvvetli asit ve alkalilerin taşınması çalışma koşullarında yüksek PV değerlerinde kullanılabilir.
Silisyum karbür seramik pompa, aynı istasyon ortamında, sıradan metal pompanın servis ömrüne kıyasla yüksek sertliğe, yüksek mukavemete, yüksek sıcaklık ve korozyon direncine ve diğer özelliklere sahiptir, servis süresinin birkaç katı veya daha uzundur.
Bilimsel ve teknolojik yenilik, silisyum karbür seramik pompa işletmelerinin temel rekabet gücüdür. Son yıllarda Çin ekonomisinin durgunluğuyla birlikte, çoğu imalat işletmesi, üretim maliyetlerini kontrol etmenin yanı sıra yalnızca ekonomik iyileşme için umut verebilir. Uzmanlar, zorlu ekonomik koşullarda, ilgili üreticilerin bilimsel ve teknolojik inovasyonun yoğunluğunu artırmaları gerektiğine inanırken, kalite, maliyet, araştırma ve geliştirme ve pazar çıkmazını kırma çabalarının diğer yönlerinden kaynaklanıyor.
Gönderme zamanı: Eylül-02-2020电子商务巨头亚马逊已经与以色列零售商进行了接触，使他们能够使用其在线平台直接向以色列的客户销售商品。
亚马逊向部分以色列零售商发出了一封信函，邀请他们加入其本地配送计划。该计划允许企业使用其目前的亚马逊卖家账户，利用当地库存，直接向以色列客户完成订单。
一位接近亚马逊的消息人士周三表示:“这项新服务对以色列客户目前的亚马逊购物体验是一个积极的补充，为他们提供了更快、更便宜的送货服务，同时也为以色列本土企业在亚马逊上发展业务提供了巨大的机会。”
亚马逊计划进军以色列的消息震动了当地大型零售商和购物中心的股价。
在以色列拥有13家购物中心的阿兹里利集团(Azrieli Group)股价在周二下跌3.4%后，周三在特拉维夫下跌1%。零售商福克斯(Fox)股价下跌1.5%，该股周二下跌近10%。
以色列媒体普遍猜测，由于许多以色列人已经从亚马逊在美国、英国和德国的网站上订购了订单，亚马逊计划通过在当地开设一个物流中心，进一步向以色列扩张。
由于生活成本高昂，亚马逊等网站在以色列越来越受欢迎，因为低于75美元的订单免税，而高达500美元的订单免征海关税。
据外媒报道，亚马逊开始开发一个希伯来语的本地网站，并正在寻找专门从事希伯来语到英语翻译的翻译和编辑。
该公司表示，美国以外的客户在本地交付时可以从以色列供应商那里购买产品。
Psagot经纪公司负责人Ilanit Scherf表示，小型企业应该受益，因为亚马逊的平台将它们放在地图上，为他们提供了更广泛的营销基础，并且由于购物中心的高成本，他们有能力接触过去无法获得的客户出租。
她估计“亚马逊认为以色列是一个重要的目标，考虑到当地的增长，这里的发达消费以及全球公司通过当地发展可以在这个地区做的业务发展能力。”
编译/美鸥网 Yan.A new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics documents an alarming increase in soccer-related injuries. In a 24-year period from 1990 to 2014, injuries increased by a whopping 111 percent.
No doubt this is a significant jump, but it's a bit misleading. Over that same period of time, soccer participation increased from 1.5 to 3 million athletes—a 100 percent increase. As a consequence, the number of injuries increased because more kids were playing the sport.
"We certainly don't like seeing more kids getting hurt, but if one of the reasons more kids are getting hurt is because they are out there, playing and exercising, then that's a good thing," Scott Sailor, president of the National Athletic Trainers' Association, told CNN.
A closer look at the data provides some insight into the type of injuries soccer players are most likely to experience:
- Sprains and strains — 34.6 percent
- Fractures — 23.2 percent
- Soft tissue injuries — 21.9 percent
- Concussions — 7.3 percent
Soccer is played at high speed with rapid changes of directions. So there's always a chance you might fall and get a cut or abrasion (i.e., soft tissue injury) or worse, sprain an ankle, tear an ACL or pull a hamstring. This risk increases any time you move in close quarters with other athletes because of contact and uncontrolled movement, which can lead to more severe injuries such as a fracture.
Not surprisingly, concussions are prominent in soccer with headers and the potential for collisions. Although concussions make up a relatively small percentage of injuries, they had a 1,600 percent increase over the span of the study. This can be attributed to improved concussion awareness and detection. In the past, more athletes continued playing with a head injury.
So what can you do to prevent becoming an injury statistic? Check out the following articles to stay strong and healthy on the pitch.
- 3 Steps to Prevent Soccer ACL Injuries
- Why Ankle Mobility Training is a Must
- Improper Heading Technique Can Lead to Concussions
Photo Credit: Getty Images // ThinkstockGreen Dioptase Gemstones
Late in the 18th century, copper miners in the Ural Mountains of Kazakhstan thought they had discovered a huge emerald deposit in the Altyn-Tube Mine of Karagandy. Samples of the lustrous emerald-green crystals were sent to Moscow, where it was discovered that they were too soft to be emerald since they only measured 5 on the Mohs hardness scale; emerald has a hardness rating of 8.
Dioptase in Limestone from Kazakhstan
In 1797 the distinguished French mineralogist, Fr. René Just Haüy (1743-1822) determined that the enigmatic green mineral from Kazakhstan was new to science, and he named it dioptase, based on the mineral's two cleavage directions, from the Greek words dia ("through") and optos ("visible"). Haüy went on to become professor of mineralogy at the National Museum of Natural History and founder of the Musée Minéralogique. The mineral hauyne was later named in his honor.
By chemical composition, dioptase is hydrous copper silicate. It is a secondary mineral that precipitates from aqueous solution. The copper is derived from the chemical breakdown of primary copper and silica-bearing minerals in aerated groundwater. Its hardness of 5 puts it in the same class as apatite and turquoise. Dioptase has a density (also known as specific gravity) of 3.28 to 3.35, which is in the same range as peridot and tanzanite. Its refractive index is 1.644 to 1.709, similar to diopside.
Dioptase color ranges from emerald-green to bluish-green. It is typically transparent to translucent, with a vitreous to sub-adamantine luster. Deposits of dioptase are found in Chile, Kazakhstan, Namibia, Peru, Russia, Arizona in the USA, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Dioptase is one of a small number of copper-bearing gemstones. Others include turquoise, chrysocolla, malachite, azurite, Larimar and Paraiba tourmaline. Due to its softness and its perfect cleavage, dioptase is only rarely set in jewelry. However, faceted dioptase is popular with collectors for its rich color and excellent luster. The small and well-defined deep-green rhombohedral crystals are also popular with mineral collectors.
- First Published: February-10-2010
- Last Updated: January-23-2019
- © 2005-2020 GemSelect.com all rights reserved.
Reproduction (text or graphics) without the express written consent of GemSelect.com (SETT Company Ltd.) is strictly prohibited.توضیحات شهر خوش طعم - بازی آشپزی و رستوران
محصولات تازه را در مزرعه خود پرورش دهید و آن را به رستوران ببرید، جایی که سرآشپزهای بین المللی در آشپزخانه طبخ می کنند تا غذاهای خوشمزه ای را برای مشتریان تهیه کنند. چه در مزرعه و چه در رستوران، اگر هر از گاهی به یک دست نیاز دارید نگران نباشید. در این بازی آشپزی کمک به شما بخشی از تجربه است. بازی خود را با ایجاد یا پیوستن به دوستان خود انجام دهید تا آشپزی، رویدادهای کامل و به دست آوردن جوایز ویژه خود را بهبود بخشید.
از همبرگر 🍔، پیتزا 🍕 یا سوشی 🍣 گرفته تا کیک 🍰 و کلوچه. مزرعه خود را تولید کنید و آماده طبخ غذای مناسب باشید. اطمینان حاصل کنید که در سریع ترین زمان ممکن، از مشتریان پذیرایی کنید. برای تبدیل شدن به یک سرمایه دار رستوران، مدیریت زمان مهم است.
پخت و پز با طعم عالی برای نشان دادن سبک کاملا متفاوت شما است. یک آشپزخانه و رستوران با دکوراسیون هایی، که نشان سلیقه بی نظیر شما است، بسازید و سرآشپزها را از کشورها مختلف جمع آوری کنید و با آنها دستور العمل های خوشمزه بپزید.
سبزیجات تازه را پرورش داده و حیوانات شاد را در مزرعه خود پرورش دهید تا مواد اولیه خود را تولید کنید. به سایر بازیکنان بپیوندید، دوست می شوید و بهترین در تجارت را داشته باشید.
تغییرات نسخه 1.17.32:
همیشه حق با مشتریان است! به همین دلیل است که ما یک بهروزرسانی جدید تهیه کردهایم تا بازی شما - و رستوران شما - به خوبی اجرا شود.Jump up ^ The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. Title 14 of the United States Code provides that "The Coast Guard as established 28 January 1915, shall be a military service and a branch of the armed forces of the United States at all times." Coast Guard units, or ships of its predecessor service, the Revenue Cutter Service, have seen combat in every war and armed conflict of the United States since 1790, including the Iraq War.
On 3 December 2015, U.S. Defense Secretary Ashton Carter announced that all military combat jobs would become available to women. This gave women access to the roughly 10% of military jobs which were previously closed off due to their combat nature. The decision gave military services until January 2016 to seek exceptions to the rule if they believe that certain jobs, such as machine gunners, should be restricted to men only. These restrictions were due in part to prior studies which stated that mixed gender units are less capable in combat. Physical requirements for all jobs remained unchanged, though. Many women believe this will allow for them to improve their positions in the military, since most high-ranking officers start in combat positions. Since women are now available to work in any position in the military, female entry into the draft has been proposed.
Jump up ^ Iversen, Amy C.; Fear, Nicola T.; Simonoff, Emily; Hull, Lisa; Horn, Oded; Greenberg, Neil; Hotopf, Matthew; Rona, Roberto; Wessely, Simon (2007-12-01). "Influence of childhood adversity on health among male UK military personnel". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 191 (6): 506–511. doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.107.039818. ISSN 0007-1250. PMID 18055954.
International protocols restrict the use, or have even created international bans on weapons, notably weapons of mass destruction (WMD). International conventions define what constitutes a war crime, and provides for war crimes prosecution. Individual countries also have elaborate codes of military justice, an example being the United States' Uniform Code of Military Justice that can lead to court martial for military personnel found guilty of war crimes.
Just as the President, the Secretary of Defense, and the Secretary of Homeland Security, are in charge of the entire military establishment, maintaining civilian control of the military, so too are each of the Defense Department's constitutive military departments headed by civilians. The four DoD branches are organized into three departments, each with civilian heads. The Department of the Army is headed by the Secretary of the Army, the Department of the Navy is headed by the Secretary of the Navy and the Department of the Air Force is headed by the Secretary of the Air Force. The Marine Corps is organized under the Department of the Navy, however it is still considered a separate and equal service. The Coast Guard is under the Department of Homeland Security and receives its operational orders from the Secretary of Homeland Security. However, the Coast Guard may be transferred to the Department of the Navy by the President or Congress during a time of war, thereby placing it within the DoD.
The obligations of military employment are many. Full-time military employment normally requires a minimum period of service of several years; between two and six years is typical of armed forces in Australia, the UK and the US, for example, depending on role, branch, and rank. Some armed forces allow a short discharge window, normally during training, when recruits may leave the armed force as of right. Alternatively, part-time military employment, known as reserve service, allows a recruit to maintain a civilian job while training under military discipline at weekends; he or she may be called out to deploy on operations to supplement the full-time personnel complement. After leaving the armed forces, recruits may remain liable for compulsory return to full-time military employment in order to train or deploy on operations.
Leading war poets included Siegfried Sassoon, Wilfred Owen, John McCrae, Rupert Brooke, Isaac Rosenberg, and David Jones. A similar movement occurred in literature, producing a slew of novels on both sides of the Atlantic, including notably: All Quiet on the Western Front, and Johnny Got His Gun. The 1963 English stage musical Oh, What a Lovely War! provided a satirical take on World War I, which was released in a cinematic version directed by Richard Attenborough in 1969.
While capability development is about enabling the military to perform its functions and roles in executing the defence policy, how personnel and their equipment are used in engaging the enemy, winning battles, successfully concluding campaigns, and eventually the war – is the responsibility of military operations. Military operations oversees the policy interpretation into military plans, allocation of
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ine inanmak
Görüldüğü üzere halkımızda yaygın olarak inanılan batıl inançların ninelerimiz, annelerimiz ve babalarımız dediler ve uyguladılar diye inanmak, İslam'a ve Allah'ın birliğine ters bir davranıştır. Tevhid inancı (İslam dini), insanların istekleri için açıkça yollar belirtmiş, mübarek gün ve geceler varken farklı bir şekilde (türbelerden medet ummak, dilek ağaçlarına dilek asmak) İslam inancına zarar veren toplumsal ve geleneksel tüm inançları reddetmiştir. Bu şekilde düşünen ve davranan yakınlarımızı (annelerimiz, ninelerimiz veya arkadaşlarımız bile olsa) uyaralım, gerçekleri İslam ışığı altında tevhide inancına uygun şekilde açıklayalım. İslam dışı olan, gelenekselleşmiş olan batıl inançların tümünü reddedelim.
Batıl İnanç ve Hurafeler Nasıl Ayırt Edilir
Batıl İnanç ve Hurafeler Nasıl Ayırt Edilir
Elim kaşınıyor para gelecek. Burnum kaşınıyor, kavga edeceğiz. Gözüm dalıyor, biri gelecek. Gece tırnak kesmek şeytanı çağırır. Tahtaya üç kez vurmak nazarı engellemektir. Üç kez kulak memesini çekmek, başa gelmesin, nazardan saklasın demektir.
Bir çırpıda akla gelen birkaç batıl inanç. Bunlar masum ve zararsız gibi görülenleri, temelde imana zarar vermeyenleri. Bir de öyle batıl inançlar ve itikatlar var ki, bütünüyle imana aykırı, dine ters.
'Öbür dünyaya kim gitmiş gelmiş? Her şeyi doğa yaratıyor. Seni, elimden Allah bile kurtaramaz. Azrail bu adamın canını yanlışlıkla aldı.' gibi sözler de ve imana zarar veren sözlerdir.
Fakat son yüzyıl içinde ilim, fen ve modernlik adına Batı'dan öyle sapkın ve batıl inançlar İslam toplumunun içine girdi ki, bunların bir kısmı ders kitaplarında yer aldı, bir kısmı sinema ve dizi filmlerde sıkça kullanıldı, bir bölümü de medya tarafından bazen kasten, bazen düşünülmeden kullanıldı.
Her şeyi doğaya, sebeplere ve tesadüfe bağlamadan tutun da, taş, tunç, bakır ve demir devri gibi saçmalıklara, insanlığın ilk hayatının vahşet ortamında başladığı, özellikle insanın maymundan geldiği inancına varıncaya kadar hurafe ve batıl düşünceler özellikle genç neslin imanına musallat olmuş durumda.
Batıl ve hurafelere bağlananlar, bir tek Yaratıcıyı kabul edip huzur bulmak gibi kolay ve rahat bir yol varken, her sevdiği ve her korktuğu şeyi tanrılaştıran bir inanç açmazına tıkanıp kaldılar.
Şairin dediği gibi, 'Beşerin böyle dalaletleri (sapkınlıkları) var/Putunu kendi yapar, kendi tapar.' durumuna düştü.
'Hak geldi, bâtıl yok olup gitti'
Tarih boyunca batıl itikatlar ve hurafe inançlar şekil ve renk değiştirerek, temelde aynı olmakla birlikte toplumlara göre farklı görüntülerde ve uygulamalarda yaşama alanı bulabiliyor. Bugün sadece İslam toplumunda değil, 'modern' batıda öyle saçma sapan inançlar, öyle ilme, fenne ve akla aykırı hurafeler var ki, bunlara bir din gibi inanılıyor ve uygulanıyor. Bu çeşit âdet ve alışkanlıklar medya aracılığıyla ülkemize de sızıyor ve insanlarımız 'modernlik/moda' adına doğrusunu araştırıp sormadan hayatına geçiriyor.
İslam dini ise, ilk geldiği günden itibaren bu zamana kadar ve hatta kıyamete kadar hep bu batıl ve hurafe inançlarla mücadele etti, ediyor ve edecek. Batıla ve içinde küfür kokan bütün inançlara esaslı ve en kalıcı darbeyi Resul-i Ekrem Efendimiz vurdu.
Mekke'nin Fethi günü Allah Resulü Kâbe'nin içine girdiğinde, içerisi putlarla doluydu. Sıra sıra diziliydiler. Elindeki asâ ile putlara birer birer dokundu. 'Hak geldi, bâtıl yok olup gitti.' buyurdu. Dokunduğu her put yere düştü ve yıkıldı. Kâbe'nin içi putlardan bütünüyle temizlendi. Daha sonra Bilal-i Habeşi Kâbe'nin damına çıktı, ezan okuyarak Tevhid'i (Allah'ın birliğini) ilan etti. Putların devrilip gitmesiyle birlikte diğer ne kadar batıl ve hurafeler varsa, hepsi birden yer ile yeksân oldu.
Böylece cahiliye toplumunun inanç temelleri yerle bir oldu. Bâtıl, hurafe ve bidat kokan her şey temelden sökülüp atıldı. İnsan eliyle kutsallaştırılan hiçbir şeyin değerinin olmadığı anlaşıldı.
Çünkü İslam öncesi Arap toplumunda batılın her türlüsü, hurafenin her çeşidi, bağnazlığın ve taassubun her biçimi, ahlâk düşüklüğünün her şekli fazlasıyla mevcuttu, üstelik yaygın bir uygulama alanı da bulmuştu. Yüzyıllar boyunca atalarından, ecdatlarından nasıl görmüşlerse dozunu daha da arttırarak yaşatıyorlardı.
Öyle ki, insan haysiyet ve şerefinin ayaklar altında çiğnendiği, kadınların ve kız çocuklarının insandan sayılmadığı, faizciliğin ve tefeciliğin ekonomik hayatı batağa sürüklediği, içkinin sular gibi tüketildiği, zinanın en pespaye haliyle toplumu dejenere ettiği, cinayetin ve zulmün acımasızca işlendiği, bunların yanında ne kadar hurafe ve bâtıl âdetler varsa kutsallaştırıldığı bir toplumsal çöküş hâkimdi.
Böyle çürümüş, pörsümüş, kokuşmuş ve o nispette de paçavraya dönüşmüş bu yapıyı, İki Cihan Serveri Efendimiz (s.a.v.) kökünden yıkıp attı, mazi mezarına gömdü; yerlerine de yepyeni, berrak ve parlak bir medeniyet sarayı inşa etti.
Çözüm Kur'ân ve Sünnet çizgisi
Bediüzzaman'ın işaret ettiği gibi, Hz. Peygamber aleyhissalatü vesselam, büyük Arap yarımadasında vahşî, âdetlerinde bağnaz ve inatçı çeşitli kavimlerin her tür kötü ahlâklarını kökünden söküp attı. Onları güzel ahlâkın her türlüsüyle bezeyip süsledi, dünyaya ve medeni topluma rehber eyledi. Bunları yaparken de bir zorlama ve baskı kullanmadı. Öncelikle akılları, ruhları, kalpleri ve nefisleri fethetti, kendine bağladı. Sonunda da, kalplerin sevgilisi, akılların üstadı, nefislerin eğiticisi ve ruhların sultanı oldu.
Fakat, gerçek sütü annesinin memesinden emmeyen çocuk, plastik emzikle oyalandığı gibi, Kurân'dan, vahiyden, İlahi kaynaktan ve sünnetten beslenmeyen insan da, ne yazık ki, önüne kurulan batıl inançların, hurafe ve bidatlerin tuzaklarından kurtulamaz, kendini çekip çıkaramaz.
Bunun için bidatin farkına varmak, nelerin batıl inanç olduğunu anlamak, hurafe ve uydurma şeylerin neler olduğunu bilmek için, her şeyden önce Kurân çizgisinde, sünnet ölçüsünde ve itikat dairesinde mevcut olan bilgilere ulaşmak gerekiyor.
Ulaşmak gerekiyor, çünkü hakiki ve sağlam bir iman kalbe yerleşir, sünnet-i seniyye bir pusula gibi yol göstericiliği yaparsa, batıl inancın ve hurafelerin neler olduğunu ayıklamak kolay olacak, insan uydurması âdet ve alışkanlıklar yol bulup hayatımıza sızmayacaktır.
Yoksa bugün batıl inançları, hurafe ve bidatları teker teker sayıp dökmeye, belirleyip ortaya çıkarmaya gerek de yoktur, ihtiyaç da değildir. Çünkü nasıl güneş çıkar da, karanlıkta ne olduğu belli olmayan şeylerin mahiyeti anlaşılırsa, toplumda var olan âdet, alışkanlık ve inançlar da hak mı/batıl mı olduğu İslam güneşi, Kurân ve sünnet ölçüsüyle anlaşılır ve ayırt edilir.
Rahman Suresinde Yüce Allah, adaletten ve dinin emirlerinden ayrılarak ölçüde sınırı aşmayalım diye, ölçüyü ve tartıyı adaletle yerine getirmemizi istiyor.
Bunun için Kurân'ın ve sünnetin ölçüleri şaşmaz, eskimez, zaman aşımına uğramaz, gündemden düşmez, insandan insana, toplumdan topluma değişmez. Zira dünyanın neresinde olursa olsun, insanlar oksijene ve temiz havaya muhtaç, susuz ve gıdasız yaşayamazsa; imanın yeri yurdu ve merkezi olan kalp ve bedeni ayakta tutan ruh da iman nurundan nasipsiz olarak ayakta ve hayatta kalamaz.[1]
Kaynaklar
[1] www.ilkvahiy.net/batil-hurafeler/batil-inanc-ve-hurafeler-nasil-ayirt-edilir-25298/
Batıl İnanç Yüzünden Uzay Seferi Kaldırıldı
(HaberAlemi) Roskosmos direktörü Anatilo Perminov, “Rusya'da pek çok kişinin batıl itikadı vardır, siyah kedi veya 13 numarayı uğursuz kabul ederler. Bu nedenle uzay gemisin bir sonraki sefer numarasının değiştirilmesi gerektiğini düşünüyorum. Soyuz TMA-13 değil, Soyuz TMA-14 olmalı” diye konuştu.
Rusya'nın Kazakistan'daki Baykonur uzay üssünden yıllardır düzenlediği uçuşlar, kozmonotlara şans getirmesi için batıl inançlar beraberinde yapılıyor.
Uçuştan önce Sovyet dönemine ait “Çölün beyaz güneşi” adlı film gösteriliyor. Kozmonotları füzeye götüren otobüse at nalı bağlanıyor ve kozmonotlara aracın üzerine idrarlarını yapmaları tavsiye ediliyor.
Amerikalıların 1970′de Ay'a gönderdiği Apollo 13 seferinin mürettebatı, oksijen tankının patlamasının ardından ciddi sorunlar yaşamış, görevi yarıda keserek Dünya'ya dönmek zorunda kalmışlardı.
Batıl İnanışlardan Kaçınmak
Dinin aslında bulunmayan, birtakım yollarla sincice dine ilave edilen ve dini inançmış gibi telakki olunan söz ve fiillerin tümü hurafe ve batıl inanç kapsamı içine girmektedir.
Zihinlerde oluşan her yanlış ve inanış, insanları çarpık mantık ve ilişkiler ağı içine sokar. Bu ilişkiler sadece ferdin zihnini bulandırmakla kalmaz, topluma zarar veren bir yapıya dönüşür.
Batıl inanç ve hurafelerin ortak karakteri, aşırı tutuculuktur. Bu hastalığa müptela olmuş toplumlar, her türlü değişim ve gelişme karşısında tavır alırlar. En tutucu insanlar ve toplumlar, batıl inanışlara ve hurafelere en çok bağlı olanlardır.
Dinler tarihi incelendiği zaman görülecektir ki; her devirde bidat, hurafe ve batıl inanışlar, toplumların ortak problemi olmuş, daima gündemdeki yerini ve önemini korumuştur. Bu, dün olduğu gibi bugün de böyledir. İslam diniyle bağdaşmayan, akla ve mantığa uymayan, farkına varmadan insanları yüce dinin özünden uzaklaştıran bidat ve hurafeleri bazı farklılıklarla hemen her kesimde ve coğrafyada görmek mümkündür.
Dinimizin temel inanç, ibadet ve ahlak esaslarıyla bağdaştırılması asla mümkün olmayan, halkımızı yanlışlıklara sevk eden öyle hurafeler ve saçmalıklar var ki, birçok insan bunu din adına samimi bir şekilde savunmakta ve hatta bu davranışını hakiki dindarlık, bunlara karşı çıkmayı ise dinden uzaklaşma, itikatsızlık ve inançsızlık olarak kabul etmektedir. Halbuki dinin kabul etmediği anlayış, inanış ve uygulamalarla dindarlık olmaz. Tam tersine hurafe ve batıl inanışlar, farkına varmadan kişileri inandıkları, söyledikleri dinin gerçeklerinden ve özünden uzaklaştırır.
Gerçek dindarlık ancak dinimizin ana kaynaklarında bulunan inanç, ibadet ve ahlak esaslarını kabul etmek ve hayatımızı bu prensipler çerçevesinde düzenlemekle mümkündür. Sağlıklı ve gerçek bir dini hayat, hurafe ve batıl inanışlardan uzak olan bir hayattır. Kur'an, tevhit inancının dışındaki bütün inanç sistemlerinin batıl olduğunu belirtmekte, bu sebeple insanlara hakla batılı ayırt etmeleri uyarısında bulunmaktadır.
Batıl inanış ve hurafeler, Peygamberimizin vefatını müteakip geçen zaman içinde gerek eski Arap inanç ve geleneklerinin yeniden şu veya bu vesilelerle su yüzüne çıkması, gerekse fethedilen ülkelerin kültür ortamlarıyla temasa geçilmesi, İsrailiyat denilen ehli kitap kaynaklı rivayetlerin bünyeye sızmaları sonucu ortaya çıkmıştır.
Aslında İslam, ilk günden itibaren batıl inanış ve hurafeleri ortadan kaldırmak için gelmiştir. O günkü Arap toplumu içindeki tepkileri de o nedenle üzerine çekmiştir. Kur'an-ı Kerim'de bu hususta birçok ayetler mevcuttur. Ashab ve din alimleri batıl inançlarla asırlar boyu yılmadan mücadele etmiş ve İslam'ın saf ve berrak akidesini günümüze kadar taşımışlardır. Bu mücadele günümüzde de devam etmektedir. Ama insanları saplantılarından vazgeçirmek pek de kolay değildir. Batıl inançların kökü bir türlü kurutulamamıştır.
Toplumların ortak kültürel ve sosyal derdi olan bu sakat inanışların gelişmesine, kök salmasına zemin hazırlayan birçok sebep vardır. Cehalet, gelenek-görenek, menfi propaganda, çıkar hesapları, kişisel zaaflar, insanların saf ve temiz inançlarını istismar gibi sebepler, hurafe ve batıl inanışların ortaya çıkmasına ve yayılmasına neden olan faktörlerden bazılarıdır.
Batıl inanış ve hurafeleri yayanların zararları sadece kendi şahısları veya muhatapları ile de sınırlı değildir. Bunlar, din dışı uygulamalarını din kılıfı altında sergiledikleri için insanların saf inançlarını bozmakta ve böylece hem yüce dinimize, hem de halkımıza pek büyük zararlar vermektedirler. Öyle ise İslam'ın ulviyetini ve kutsiyetini gölgeleyen, onun dinamizmini ve hamleci ruhunu olumsuz yönde etkileyen bu asılsız inanç ve uygulamalara karşı mücadele etmek, yüce dinimizi bu saçma inançlardan arındırmaya çalışmak her olgun müminin vazifesi olmalıdır. Bunun için yılmadan, usanmadan mücadele etmek gerekir. Bidat ve batıl inançlardan korunabilmenin en güvenilir yolu Kur'an ve sünnete sığınmaktır. İlk emri "Oku" ile başlayan yüce kitabımız Kur'an'ı bir kere bile okuyup anlamayan insanların bu batıl kıskacın pençesinden kurtulmaları pek kolay değildir.
Kur'an'ın ifadesiyle batıl inanış köpük gibidir; Hak karşısında yok olmaya mahkûmdur.
SORALIM ÖĞRENELİM
Erkeklerin altın yüzük takmaları haram mıdır?
Veli TOK/ZONGULDAK
Kur'an'da, erkeklerin altın yüzük kullanmalarını yasaklayan bir ayet yoktur. Ancak Hz. Peygamber, erkeklerin altın yüzük takmalarını israf, debdebe ve gösterişi çağrıştırdığı için yasaklamıştır. Sadece altın nişan yüzüğü bir akdin belirtisi olduğundan buna izin verilmiştir.
Birisi "ahdım olsun" dediği halde ahdını yerine getirmedi. Bunun hükmü nedir?
Osman TİRİTOĞLU/BALIKESİR
Meşru bir işte söz verip de yerine getirmemek ahlaki bir davranış değildir. Hz. Peygamber, sözünde durmayanları nifak alameti olarak saymıştır. Kur'an-ı Kerim de "Gerek Allah'a ve gerekse insanlara verdiğiniz sözü yerine getiriniz, ahde vefa gösteriniz" buyurmuş ve ahdinde duranları müjdelemiştir. Ahde vefanın dinimizde çok önemli bir yeri vardır.
Bir vaiz, bayramda elinize kolonya sürmeyin, dedi. Bunun dini açıdan ne mahzuru var?
Fevzi TAN/ERZURUM
Kolonya her ne kadar alkol ihtiva etse de temizlik maksadıyla kullanıldığından ele sürülmesinde hiçbir sakınca yoktur. Aslında alkol ihtiva eden maddelerin içilmesi yasaktır.
Kur'an ayetleri olaylar üzerine mi inmiştir?
Adem KAYA/BİLECİK
Kur'an'ın bütün ayetleri olaylara dayalı olarak inmemiştir. Ancak bazı ayetlerin belli olaylar üzerine indirildiği bilinmektedir. Mes
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منبع: مهرWhat is the Genitive Case?Edit
The "genitive case" is nothing more than a way for a language to describe an "of" relationship. For instance, "the king of Ur" is a genitive construction. So is "the father of Sargon". No need to be scared of the terminology - linguists just like using fancy words to describe other types of fancy words.
The genitive in SumerianEdit
The genitive case is used heavily in Sumerian, and has several different forms. The simplest form is to suffix a two noun compound with the .ak particle. (Remember particles? They're the little things we tack on to words or phrases to modify the meaning of that phrase.)
Let's look at a couple examples. Consider the phrase lugal Urim.ak. First things first, we figure out our vocabulary. We remember that lugal means king, and Urim is the city we call Ur. So we have two nouns, and we also notice our new friend, the .ak particle. This tells us right away that we're looking at a genitive construction. So put it all together, and we get:
- lugal Urim.ak = the king of Ur
Pretty simple, right? It really is that easy! Just remember to be on the lookout for that little .ak particle, and you'll be able to spot a genitive a mile away.
Here's another example: dumu nin Lagas.ak.ak. As usual, we find our vocabulary first. Of course, dumu means child, and nin means lady or queen. Lagas is just the city we call Lagash. Now at the end of this little phrase, we see something interesting: two little .ak particles! What could this mean? Well, just like in English, where you can say the son of the neighbor of the chairman of the board of the company, in Sumerian we can string multiple genitives together as well. In Sumerian, though, we unravel multiple genitive constructions from inside out, so we might read this example as:
- dumu nin Lagas.ak.ak = dumu [nin [Lagas.ak].ak] = [the child of [the queen of Lagash]] = the child of the queen of Lagash
Nothing really new, we just put two genitive constructions back to back. You should probably have the idea by now, so we'll see if you can follow along with a little quick quiz.
Make sure you understand what the following little phrases mean. If you're having trouble, you can hover over the text to get a translation.
- . .
Dropping the final 'k'Edit
This is all well and good, and on paper everything looks good. But what about on clay tablets? Well, it turns out that an often seen feature of spoken Sumerian was dropping phrase-final sounds off of case particles. Don't be scared by how technical that sounds - it happens in English, too! At least in America, we have a tendency to drop the final 'g' from the '-ing' suffix, so we might pronounce 'going' as 'goin', or 'digging' as 'diggin'. Simple, right? Just drop a final sound from a particle.
In this case, the Sumerian genitive, our particle is .ak, and hence ends in a /k/ sound. In real written Sumerian, we often see phrases like lugal Urim.ak actually written as lu-gal Urim-ma, with no written acknowledgment of the final /k/ sound from the genitive particle.
But don't worry! It turns out that much of the time you'll find another case particle tacked on to the end of a genitive phrase, in which case the /k/ sound is in fact pronounced. For instance, if our phrase above were in the ergative case (which is kind of like the subject of a transitive sentence, more later), then we would add the particle .e to the end of the phrase, so we would have lugal Urim.ak.e, which would be written lu-gal Urim-ma-ke, with a pronounced /k/.
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yenilebilirlik
Gübre böceği beyazı (tüylü veya beyaz mürekkep) birçok çelişkiye neden olur, çünkü farklı bölgelerde farklı şekillerde bakılır. Bugün şartlı-yenilebilir olarak kabul edilir. Örneğin, Rusya ve Belarus’ta mantar toplayıcıları tarafından sevilir, bazı batı ülkelerinde zehirli sayılır ve yemek yemeyi reddeder ve Çek Cumhuriyeti ve Finlandiya’da bir incelik olarak kabul edilir.
Bununla birlikte, hiçbir inceleme, insanlar için tehlikeli olan beyaz toksinlerin gübresindeki varlığı doğruladı. Ayrıca, mantarın değeri, genellikle geniş gruplara dönüşmesidir. Bu nedenle, mevsimde ormana gitmek, zengin bir hasat olmadan dönmek imkansız.
Gübre böcekleri ilk dersleri, dolgular, atıştırmalıkları ve konserveyi pişirmek için kullanılır. Hem kızarmış hem de haşlanmış halde lezzetlidirler. Genç mantarlar ön kaynatma gerektirmez ve bazı kaynaklar genç yaşta bile çiğ olarak yenebileceğini söyler.
Hasat, hasattan sonra en fazla 2 saat sonra işlenmelidir, çünkü dondurulmuş gıdalarda bile otolitleme reaksiyonu engellenmez.
Beyaz adamın antropojenik yerleri tercih ettiği an göz önüne alındığında, meyve vücudu çeşitli zehirli maddeleri emebileceğinden onları orada toplamak daha iyidir.
Benziyor
Beyaz mananın Latin adı Coprinus comatus. Atlı aileye ait ve Dunny cinsinin en parlak temsilcilerinden biridir.
kafa
Mantar kapak incedir, liflidir, iğ şeklindeki bir yapıya sahiptir ve pullarla kaplıdır. Yükseklik 5-15 cm (bazen 20 cm’ye kadar büyür), çapı 5-10 cm, geliştikçe hafifçe açılır ve çan şeklini alır. En eski kopyalar düzeltildi, ancak bu çok nadiren oluyor.
Kapağın rengi beyaz, grimsi veya kahverengi renktedir. Üretilen maddelerin etkisi altında eski mantarlar, şapkaları koyulaştırır. İşlem kenarlarla başlar ve zamanla şapka bir mürekkep kütlesine dönüştürülür. Merkezde, kapağın yüzeyinde daha koyu bir tüberkül görülür.
et
Beyaz renk, yumuşak, farklı tat ve aroma olmadan.
plakalar
Beyaz, yaşla birlikte, pembe bir gölge alır ve sonra tamamen kaybolur, mürekkebe dönüşür.
Spore tozu
Siyah renk. Sporlar küçük, pürüzsüz, oval.
bacak
Dıştan hızla kaybolan dinamik bir halka ile çapı 1.5-2.5 cm olan, silindirik formda yüksek (15 cm’ye kadar). Beyaz, kadifemsi, içte boş, kalınlaşmış. Sakkafalı vajinaya sahiptir.
Ne zaman ve nerede yetişirler
Shaggy mantarı nemlendirilmiş toprakları sever ve çoğu zaman bu tür yerlerde bulunur:
- otlak;
- çayır;
- terk edilmiş seralar;
- çiçek tarhları;
- sebze bahçeleri;
- çimenler
- mahzenler.
Tabii ki, gübre veya kompost yığınları (dolayısıyla adı) ve humus açısından zengin diğer yerlerde yakın bulunabilir. Çoğu zaman, Rusya’nın güney ve orta bölgelerinde, Kuzey Amerika, Avustralya’da, Afrika’nın belirli bölgelerinde ve Avrasya kıtasının topraklarında meydana gelir.
Yağmurdan hemen sonra mayıstan ekime kadar mantar toplayın.
Neleri karıştırabiliyorsunuz?
Beyaz gübre, karıştırabilecekleri tehlikeli ikizlere sahip değildir. Ancak bu, dikkatli olmanız anlamına gelmez. Bu mantarları toplamak isteyen yeni başlayanlar, avını seçmek için son derece dikkatli olmalı ve mantar yemenin kurbanı olmamak için belirli güvenlik kurallarına uymalıdır.
Gübre böceğini hiç denemediyseniz, yenmez bir mantarı düşününce, mutlaka deneyin. Alışılmadık tadı ve pulpa sevgisi sizi kayıtsız bırakmayacaktır. Ve tavsiyemiz “sessiz avlanma” konusunda bir hata yapmamanıza yardımcı olacaktır.Css یعنی چه؟
CSS یعنی چه؟ CSS مخفف Cascading Style Sheets است. CSS برای توصیف ظاهر و قالب بندی یک سند نوشته شده به زبان نشانه گذاری است. که یک ویژگی برای HTML فراهم می کند. به طور کلی برای تغییر سبک صفحات وب و رابط های کاربری با HTML استفاده می شود. همچنین می تواند با هر نوع اسناد XML از جمله XML ساده، SVG و XUL استفاده شود.
CSSهمراه با HTML و JavaScript در بیشتر وب سایت ها برای ایجاد رابط کاربر برای برنامه های وب و رابط کاربری برای بسیاری از برنامه های تلفن همراه استفاده می شود.
می توانید ظاهر جدیدی به اسناد HTML قدیمی خود اضافه کنید.
فقط با چند تغییر در کد CSS می توانید ظاهر وب سایت خود را کاملاً تغییر دهید.
سه مزیت مهم CSS
1- یک مشکل بزرگ را حل می کند
قبل از CSS، برچسب هایی مانند قلم، رنگ، سبک پس زمینه، ترازبندی عناصر، حاشیه و اندازه باید در هر صفحه وب تکرار شوند. این روند بسیار طولانی بود. به عنوان مثال: اگر شما در حال ایجاد یک وب سایت بزرگ هستید که در آن صفحه فونت ها و اطلاعات رنگی به آن اضافه می شود، این یک روند طولانی و پرهزینه خواهد بود CSS برای حل این مشکل ایجاد شده است. این یک توصیه W3C بود.
2-باعث صرفه جویی در وقت زیادی می شود
تعاریف سبک CSS در پرونده های CSS خارجی ذخیره می شوند، بنابراین تغییر کل وب سایت با تغییر فقط یک پرونده امکان پذیر است.
3- شما میتوانید ویژگی های بیشتری ارائه دهید
CSS ویژگیهای دقیق تری نسبت به HTML ساده برای تعریف ظاهر و احساس وب سایت ارائه می دهد.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) به شما امکان می دهد صفحات وب زیبایی را ایجاد کنید.
پیش نیازها برای کار با CSS چیست
سواد رایانه ای ابتدایی، نرم افزار اساسی نصب شده، دانش اولیه کار با پرونده ها و مبانی HTML (مطالعه مقدمه ای برای HTML)
CSS یعنی چه
CSS زبانی است برای تعیین نحوه ارائه اسناد به کاربران، نحوه استایل، چیدمان و غیره.
یک سند معمولاً یک فایل متنی است که با استفاده از یک زبان نشانه گذاری ساختار یافته است. HTML رایج ترین زبان نشانه گذاری است، اما ممکن است با زبان های نشانه گذاری دیگری مانند SVG یا XML نیز روبرو شوید.
ارائه سندی به کاربر به معنای تبدیل آن به فرم قابل استفاده توسط مخاطبان است. مرورگرهایی مانند Firefox، Chrome یا Edge برای ارائه اسناد بصری، مثلاً روی صفحه رایانه، پروژکتور یا چاپگر، طراحی شده اند.
CSS را می توان برای سبک سازی متن بسیار اصلی اسناد استفاده کرد. به عنوان مثال تغییر رنگ و اندازه عنوان ها و پیوندها. این می تواند برای ایجاد طرح بندی استفاده شود. برای مثال تبدیل یک ستون متن به یک طرح با یک منطقه محتوای اصلی و یک نوار کناری برای اطلاعات مرتبط. حتی می توان از آن برای جلوه هایی مانند انیمیشن نیز استفاده کرد.
سخن نهایی
به طور کلی وب سایت ها بدون CSS یک مکان خسته کننده خواهد بود. با استفاده از CSS می توانید دقیقاً نحوه مشاهده عناصر HTML را در مرورگر کنترل کرده و با استفاده از هر طرحی که می خواهید، نشانه گذاری خود را ارائه دهید.
مطالب زیر را حتما بخوانید:
چنانچه دیدگاهی توهین آمیز باشد و متوجه اشخاص مدیر، نویسندگان و سایر کاربران باشد تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه دیدگاه شما جنبه ی تبلیغاتی داشته باشد تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه از لینک سایر وبسایت ها و یا وبسایت خود در دیدگاه استفاده کرده باشید تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه در دیدگاه خود از شماره تماس، ایمیل و آیدی تلگرام استفاده کرده باشید تایید نخواهد شد. چنانچه دیدگاهی بی ارتباط با موضوع آموزش مطرح شود تایید نخواهد شد.Photo: Eprah1 (flickr)
Humans may be one of the smartest animals on the planet, but when it comes to remembering where things are, Clark’s nutcrackers have us beat.
A relative of jays and crows, nutcrackers hide pine seeds in the ground each autumn so they have a source of food during the Colorado Rocky Mountain winter. They cache as many as 30,000 seeds in 5,000 different locations over a fifteen square mile area. Since they cannot smell the seeds buried in the soil very well, they must use their remarkable spatial memory to find them.
Nutcrackers are not the only animals that cache food. Caching behavior is seen in birds, mammals and even insects. Chickadees store collections of seeds, insects and spiders in the bark of trees or under leaves. Red squirrels cut conifer cones from trees and bury them in plant litter on the forest floor. Harvester ants bring seeds back to their nests and store them in chambers, while honey bees save nectar and pollen in their hive.
Because nutcrackers are one of the best at remembering cache locations, researchers are studying them to find out why they have such great memories. Scientists know that the nutcracker’s abilities evolved because of environmental pressure. Nutcrackers with poor memories did not likely survive the harsh mountain winters. Now researchers want to find out how the brains of nutcrackers are different from other brains. They are particularly interested in the hippocampus, a small area of the brain that helps form memories. Finding out how the nutcracker’s brain is different from other species may give us clues to why humans have memory problems. It may even lead to a cure for Alzheimer’s disease.The Schwenkfelders, a group of people who followed the teachings of Caspar Schwenkfeld, came to America from Silesia (at the time Silesia was part of Germany, currently it is part of Poland) to flee religious persecution. Because they were unwilling to conform to the Catholic, or Lutheran, teachings, they were persecuted in Silesia. From 1580-1799 they were put in prisons, taken to Vienna forced to work in the trenches and chained to the galleys to serve in the war against the Turks. In later years, they were forced to bury their dead in the driftways where the cattle were gathered, with no ceremony, and no relatives or friends permitted to attend the burial. One prisoner wrote ""One would crawl away from such a Christianity if one could not run."
There was a brief reprieve in their persecution during the 30 year war, 1618-48, while attentions were diverted to the war. But the reprieve did not last.
In 1725 an edict was granted that all of the Schwenkenfeld children must be catechized, or they would be removed from their families and placed in Catholic homes. Faced with losing their children, the Schwenkfelders began to plan their escape.
First they traveled to Saxony, and for 7 years they enjoyed peace under the protection of Count Zinzendorf. The Count wanted to form one unified church with the Moravians and Schwenkfelders, among others, but the groups preferred to meet on their own in private homes. On July 17 1732 the Austrian Empire requested information on the Schwenkfelds from the Count, and he was ordered to remove no one else from their empire. On April 4, 1733, the Count was advised by an official of the Saxon government that the Schwenkfelders could no longer be protected. They Saxon government gave them one year to prepare for departure.
"Meanwhile, in 1730 and 1731, three sons of one of several Schultz families had ventured forth from Saxony to Holland to engage in the saffron trade. One went to the Dutch East Indies, one remained in Holland, and the third went to Pennsylvania. In 1733 the remaining members of the family also migrated to Pennsylvania. Accounts of their safe arrival and entire satisfaction came back to the group in Saxony
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(good sleep), diet is a key component in ensuring the adoption of a heart healthy lifestyle. Here’s how you can protect yourself from cardiovascular ailments.
Include fiber-rich foods in your diet
Fiber is known to lower cholesterol, reduce the risk of stroke and help in weight loss which is why dieticians recommend that you include a healthy amount of fiber-rich foods in your diet. Examples of fiber-rich foods include whole cereals like oats, brown rice and millets, lentils (which contain soluble fiber) and vegetables (especially those with skin like brinjal and ladyfinger). However, remember to eat all these foods in moderation. No more than 4-5 servings of whole cereals and 2-3 servings of vegetables per day is recommended for a heart healthy diet.
Eat low fat dairy products
Low fat dairy products like skimmed milk and curd are beneficial for the heart since they contain nutrients like potassium and calcium which help lower blood pressure. Try and include 400 ml of dairy products in your diet during the day—this will keep your heart healthy and robust.
Munch on fruits
Fruits contain fiber which helps lower cholesterol and minimizes the risk of stroke, while antioxidants present in fruits protect the body from free radicals that lead to cell damage resulting in diseases like heart ailments, cancer and Alzheimer’s. Eating 1-2 fruits per day helps reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases while also doubling up as a healthy snacking option to help you control those hunger pangs in between meals.
Replace junk foods with healthy snacks
Avoid junk food like namkeens, samosas and packaged stuff since they contain sodium which triggers high blood pressure. Instead, try replacing them with snacks like fruits and nuts which are not only nutritious but also easy to carry around and don’t need any preparation time. While any fruit is good for health in moderation, when it comes to nuts – walnuts, almonds and pistachios are especially beneficial for the heart since they contain monounsaturated fatty acids which reduces bad cholesterol levels and protects you against heart disease and stroke.
Have a few pieces of dark chocolate daily
This should come as a pleasant surprise—dark chocolate contains antioxidants which limit cell damage from free radicals, thus protecting you against heart disease among other ailments. Dark chocolate also boosts blood circulation and prevents clotting. Eat 20 grams of dark chocolate (4 pieces) daily help keep your heart healthy and your taste buds appeased.
A heart healthy diet incorporates at least three meals a day and advocates everything in moderation. Stick to the principles of the healthy by consuming a balanced and nutritious diet. Switch to a heart healthy diet now—it will reap large dividends by protecting you from chronic heart conditions and help you feel fit and agile both physically and mentally.'بازداشت فروشنده تجهیزات نظامی در اینترنت در ایران'
پلیس فضای تولید و تبادل اطلاعات نیروی انتظامی ایران، فتا، اعلام کرده است که "در رصد سایتهای اینترنتی" به سایتی برخورد کردند که در فضای اینترنت تجهیزات نظامی به فروش میرسانده است.
خبرگزاری جمهوری اسلامی ایران، ایرنا، روز شنبه ۱۰ تیر، ۳۰ ژوئن گزارش داد که پس از تحقیقات "گسترده و تخصصی"، پلیس فتا در استان البرز، شخصی را به عنوان متولی این سایت شناسایی و دستگیر کرده است.
بر اساس این گزارش پلیس در بازرسی از خانه این شخص "چندین فقره تجهیزات امنیتی و نظامی" را کشف و ضبط کرده است.
سرهنگ مهدی کاکوان، رئیس پلیس فتا در استان البرز در این رابطه گفت: "خرید و فروش تجهیزات نظامی و امنیتی در فضای مجازی جرم تلقی شده و با عاملین آن برخورد قانونی و قاطع خواهد شد."
پلیس فتا کمتر از یک سال پیش به منظور"حفاظت از هویت دینی، مراقبت از فضای تولید و تبادل اطلاعات برای پیشگیری از تبدیل شدن فضای مجازی به محلی برای انجام عملیات غیرقانونی و جلوگیری از تعرض به ارزشها و هنجارهای جامعه" توسط پلیس ایران تشکیل شد.作者：Laman Ismayilova
首都的白色画廊将于5月18日至25日举办“从头到尾”的展览。
Day.Az报道，年轻的国家艺术家Orhan Garayev，Bahruz Kengerli和Imran Mehdiyev将展出他们为展览特别创作的作品。
展览的主题产生了许多问题：我们要去哪里？ 到逻辑结束？ 或者我们是在路径的开头？ 我们在经历唯一和最后的道路时是否会画出新的东西？ 事实上，没有人知道我们的文明存在了多少年，我们所得到的一切（进化的），或许已经摆在我们面前。 童话故事，传说，神话，历史，宗教，太空探索 - 它是虚构的吗？ 他们向我们展示了一切，还是只是略微拉开了窗帘，我们一个人在这里吗？
每位艺术家都以自己的风格而着称，经过多年的发展而发展。 Kengerli，Mehdiyev和Garayev是阿塞拜疆和国外许多展览和节日的参与者。
展览将于19:00开放。 入场免费。
白画廊和艺术学校成立于2017年。画廊位于白城。 这座三层高的画廊总面积为460平方米，包括一个展览厅和一个工作室。
艺术组织不仅举办各种演讲，还举办艺术家，晚会和其他文化活动的会议。
地址：Baku H. Rustamov street，23（White City）
画廊开放时间：周二至周五：10：00-18：00; 周六至周日：12：00至14:00。
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Laman Ismayilova是AzerNews的职员记者，在Twitter上关注她：
在Twitter 上关注我们Bisogna sempre fare attenzione ai piccoli che dormono nel lettone, insieme ai propri genitori. In verità, secondo molti esperti tale abitudine è pericolosa. L’attenzione non è mai troppa specialmente quando nel letto ci sono neonati. Il rischio di soffocamento è elevato. Lo sa bene una donna americana che, dopo il parto cesareo in una clinica americana, si era addormentata e, involontariamente, aveva soffocato il figlioletto Jacob. Vediamo com’è potuta accadere una tragedia del genere. La puerpera Monica, dopo aver dato alla luce il figlioletto, aveva molto sonno per via degli antidolorifici e sedativi che le erano stati somministrati. Si era così addormentata. Nel frattempo, un’infermiera aveva preso Jacob e gliel’aveva messo vicino, nel letto d’ospedale. Monica, ignara di tutto, aveva fatto qualche movimento strano, provocando l’asfissia del minore.
Jacob non respirava più
Dopo essersi svegliata, Monica si era resa conto che aveva il suo Jacob vicino, ma questo era inerte e non respirava. Subito la donna aveva chiamato un’infermiera dell’Adventist Medical Center di Portland. Non era arrivato nessuno. La neo mamma, così, era stata costretta a recarsi in corridoio, richiamando l’attenzione di qualcuno con le sue urla. Un’infermiera, alla fine, è accorsa in suo aiuto e, contestualmente, ha avvisato i medici.
Il piccolo Jacob non respirava più e il personale sanitario aveva reputato di trasferirlo nel vicino Randall Children’s Hospital. Neanche i medici di tale nosocomio era riusciti a strappare alla morte il neonato. Monica aveva ucciso senza volerlo il suo bambino. Questo era rimasto troppo tempo senza ossigeno, subendo tremende lesioni cerebrali. La neo mamma non potrà mai perdonare la clinica americana dove ha dato alla luce Jacob. Quell’infermiera non doveva assolutamente mettere il bimbo nel suo letto mentre dormiva. Un gesto azzardato e pericoloso.
Chiesto mega risarcimento alla clinica americana
La mamma americana ha voluto denunciare la clinica perché una sua infermiera si è comportata in maniera inadeguata, irresponsabile e superficiale. Monica ha chiesto un risarcimento di 8 milioni di dollari: l’evento le avrebbe cagionato anche seri danni morali. Oggi la signora americana ha una figlia femmina e Jacob, anche se è morto, resterà per sempre nel suo cuore. E’ stato il suo unico figlio maschio. Ora Monica sta conducendo una battaglia per evitare che altre persone, altre donne, vivano la sua stessa esperienza.
Quell’infermiera americana non avrebbe dovuto lasciare il piccolo vicino alla mamma sedata. Un gesto che è costato la vita al neonato. Ma è sempre giusto che i neonati dormano insieme ai genitori? Beh, non c’è una risposta univoca a tale domanda. Il pedagogista Daniele Novara, autore di vari volumi sull’educazione dei bimbi, ad esempio, ha detto: ‘La presenza del bambino nel lettone, o meglio nella camera, di mamma e papà può avere un senso nel primo anno di vita. Progressivamente, però, questa abitudine va abbandonata e dai 3 anni in poi a mio parere un bimbo dovrebbe dormire da solo’.The Way To Decide Between Getting A Gas, Hybrid, Or Electric Car
Food (or should we say “fuel”) for thought: Not all that long ago, the major difference in car engines pertained to the type of fuel you put in it – gas or diesel. Easy enough, right? But not so today, when environmental concerns and a desire to reduce fossil fuel dependence have resulted in increased availability of hybrid and electric vehicles.
Car choices can seem overwhelming, but knowing the difference between conventional gas engine, hybrid, and electric vehicles can help you make the best decision for not only your budget but also your lifestyle.
Check out some of the pros and cons of each type of vehicle before you hit the road to your local car dealership.
Most of the cars, SUVs, and trucks on the road today use a conventional internal combustion engine powered by gasoline or diesel fuel. The gasoline engine relies on many moving parts that come together to propel the vehicle, and this type of engine remains popular with drivers because it delivers both power and performance.
The benefits of traditional gas vehicles are the lower purchase price, higher range of 300-400 miles per full tank of gas, more power for accelerating, towing, and hauling, as well as gas stations being frequent for filling up. The drawbacks to these are the higher emissions which are worse for the environment, and the gas is a non-renewable energy source.
Hybrid vehicles combine the benefits of gas-powered engines and electric motors. Because this type of vehicle uses a conventional internal combustion engine and an electric motor and battery to supplement the vehicle’s power, it delivers better gas mileage and releases fewer emissions than a traditional gas-powered car. Hybrids employ not only the auto start and stop and regenerative braking that electric vehicles use to maximize fuel economy, but also electric power assist. The hybrid’s electric motor delivers power to help the engine when a boost is needed such as when accelerating, passing another vehicle, or climbing. This additional assist allows manufacturers to use a smaller, more efficient gas engine.
The benefits of a hybrid are increased fuel economy, decreased emissions, less frequent fill-ups, and potentially higher resale value. However, consider the higher purchasing price, less acceleration power and the engine technology can mean more costly repairs at the body shop.
Electric vehicles (EVs) use batteries to power the motor instead of an internal combustion engine. Underneath the hood you’ll find a battery, a controller that converts the battery power and passes the current to the motor, and an electric motor that takes energy from the controller to power the motor and move the vehicle. Electric vehicles use auto start and stop that automatically turns off the engine when the vehicle stops and restarts it when the accelerator is engaged, thereby reducing wasted fuel when the vehicle is idling. In addition, EVs use regenerative braking that recaptures the energy lost while coasting or braking, harnessing the forward motion of the wheels to help stop the vehicle.
The benefits of electric vehicles are no pollution, fewer engine parts to replace, there is less of a need for routine maintenance like oil changes, as well as the convenience of at-home charging. But also consider the possible drawbacks such as the higher price than gas vehicles, limited driving range per battery charge, the charging time can take 4-8 hour, and charging stations are not as common as gas stations.Besides working and necessary satellites, our planet is surrounded by a dense cloud of space debris. The problem with the junk we’ve left behind in space is that they can and they do cause accidents.
The space debris consists of artificial garbage, things made by humans, and left out there. Abandoned satellites, obsolete rocket stages, and disintegration fragments. When SpaceX will make space travel available, the travelers will have the chance to admire the paint flecks, pieces of solidified liquids, parts of rocket motors that survived explosions, and so on.
Besides polluting, the debris is dangerous for functional satellites and rockets, as they can crash. They can also fall back down on Earth as was the case with the 18 tons of empty core stage from the Long March-5B rocket, launched by China on May 5th from Wenchang Space Launch Center in south China’s Hainan province.
The rocket was supposed to take an unmanned prototype spacecraft into orbit and it ended instead in the Atlantic Ocean, after surrounding three-quarters of the planet. It passed over Los Angeles and Central Park in New York City, and specialists tacking it wasn’t sure if the giant piece of debris would fall on land, or in the ocean.
“The problem is that it is traveling very fast horizontally through the atmosphere and it’s hard to predict when it will finally come down. The Air Force’s final prediction was plus or minus half an hour, during which time it went 3/4 of the way around the world. It’s pretty hard to do any better,” said Jonathan McDowell, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.
The piece that fell it was the fourth biggest piece ever to fall on Earth, but the astronomer seemed quite relaxed, claiming that if it were to collide on land, it wouldn’t do too much damage. A house, or so. Just as a piece of a plane would do, if it were to fall from a flying plane. That’s reassuring.Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
What is conjunctivitis?
Conjunctivitis, often called “pink eye," is inflammation or redness of the membrane that covers the eye. Some chemotherapy medications may increase the risk of conjunctivitis. Radiation for some head and neck cancers may also cause conjunctivitis when the eyes are part of the treatment field.
Signs of conjunctivitis are:
- The whites of the eye(s) are reddened.
- Redness or swelling of the eyelids.
- Itchy, scratchy, or watery eyes.
- Discharge from the eye(s).
- Photophobia (light sensitivity).
How is conjunctivitis managed?
Most conjunctivitis symptoms go away without treatment. If the conjunctivitis is caused by a bacterial infection, you may be ordered antibiotic eye drops or ointment. You should wash your hands often, especially if you touch your eyes. Other ways to help relieve symptoms:
- Try to avoid touching or rubbing your eyes.
- Gently wipe your eye with a warm, wet cloth when removing discharge.
- Cool compresses put on the closed eye may give relief from irritation.
- Do not wear contact lenses if you have conjunctivitis.
- Thoroughly clean contact lenses before reusing them.
When should I call my care team?
Call your care provider if you have any of the following:
- Sudden eye pain.
- Loss of vision in either eye.
- Yellow, green, or blood-tinged discharge from your eye, which may suggest infection.
Agustoni F, Platania M, Vitali M, Zilembo N, Haspinger E, Sinno V, et al. Emerging toxicities in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer: ocular disorders. Cancer treatment reviews. 2014;40(1):197-203.
Centers for Disease Control. Conjunctivitis. Found at: https://www.cdc.gov/conjunctivitis/about/treatment.html
Kheir WJ, Sniegowski MC, El-Sawy T, Li A, Esmaeli B. Ophthalmic complications of targeted cancer therapy and recently recognized ophthalmic complications of traditional chemotherapy. Survey of ophthalmology. 2014;59(5):493-502-
塔罗
（一般塔罗牌）
编辑
锁定
本词条缺少信息栏
，补充相关内容使词条更完整，还能快速升级，赶紧来编辑
吧！
关于“塔罗”一词的含义，流传甚广的是“王道”的意思，但在古埃及的象形文字含义之谜破解之后，此说法便已站不住脚。塔罗的真正来源还在考证之中。
塔罗简介
编辑
当古代埃及法老遇到疑难问题的时候，就会打开这本“罗洁爱尔之书
”，随后，所有的问题便能迎刃而解。在埃及图书馆遭遇“祝融之灾
”后，唯有这本书保存相对完整。为了防止这部神秘之书落入异族的魔手，神职人员便将它用图画的形式绘在卡片上，交付于神官
之手。最后，由亚历山大
带入欧洲。于中世纪左右形成了我们所使用的塔罗牌
。塔罗牌是智者将古老的智慧宝典绘成图案，流传下来的，它是神秘与智慧的结晶。
塔罗牌是对塔罗思想的一种呈现方式，也是我们运用塔罗的思想进行咨询预测的工具之一。塔罗牌以符号的形式来构成具有象征意义的画面，从而表现每张塔罗牌所蕴含的基本意义，然而塔罗牌的意义并非是来自牌面，而是存在于塔罗原有的结构与法则之中。
在塔罗之中，包含了占星学、炼金术、喀巴拉、灵数学、符号象征等多种西方神秘学科的意义与道理，并将如此众多的学科有机地统一在一门学科之中，可见其幽深奥妙。
到了现代社会，时代需要赋予他新的定义。成都知名塔罗团队【定义】塔罗是流传于世、较为久远的一种神秘传统智慧，通过使用塔罗牌对人、事、物的问题进行分析、预测，并提供解决问题的方案。这一定义被业内普遍接受，也为塔罗咨询打开了新的思路
塔罗明细
编辑
据传，塔罗一开始并不是以牌的形式在流传，而是一部书，据说是用来传达神的旨意
的神秘之书。
塔罗之风盛行于中世纪的欧洲，当时的教会认为塔罗是邪魔之物而进行打压，但在人民的保护之下才得以流传下来。塔罗牌是由22张图画牌(大阿卡纳)与56张数字牌(小阿卡纳)
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cohesion in the classroom. Pair and group work activities can provide learners with opportunities to share information and build a sense of community (Florez & Burt, 2001).
Issue C: Language and Identity
The decision to use or to not use the target language and the accompanying (in this case, mainstream U.S.) workplace behaviors may also be affected by a desire to maintain one's identity. Some immigrant workers may feel empowered when they use English and try out new workplace behaviors on the job (see, e.g., ABC Canada, 1999; Li, 2000). Others, however, may make a conscious decision to not use the new language as a way of asserting their own social identity (Moore, 1999; Pierce, 2001). In her ethnographic study of a cable manufacturing company in California, Katz (2000) reported that even though workers were instructed to speak up on the job and they understood that this was a behavior that could lead to promotions, many chose to hold on to their behaviors of not standing out in the crowd.
Research on the relationship between motivation and second language acquisition is ongoing. Current research looks at instructional practices that teachers use to generate and maintain learner motivation and strategies through which learners themselves take control of factors that have an impact on their motivation and learning, such as lack of self-confidence, change of goals, or distractions (Dornyei, 2003; Noels, Clement, & Pelletier, 2003).
The decision to not use the new language and behaviors may also be affected by the attitude displayed by employers and co-workers when immigrant workers try out what they have learned. At one work site, learners trying to speak English at team meetings reported being laughed at by native English-speaking co-workers for demonstrating nonnative-like pronunciation (Moore, 1999).
Issue D: Relationship Between Training and Worker Performance
Not all workplace misunderstandings are due to poor English skills. Problems can arise from diverse causes such as poor organization of work flow; poor supervision; and poorly written workplace materials, e.g., signs, manuals, and memos (Westerfield & Burt, 1996). Worker productivity deficits may also be due to the way the workplace itself is structured. For example, use of technology, labor-management relations, and compensation offered may affect worker performance. Basic skills or English language training will not ameliorate these issues (Sarmiento & Schurman, 1992).
Empirical research with second language learners supports the contention that engaging in language interactions facilitates second language development. Findings from a study to determine how conversational interaction affects the acquisition of question formation indicate that interaction can increase the pace of acquisition (Mackey, 1999). Research on interaction includes studies of task-based language learning and teaching and focus on form.
Even in situations where worker improvement is noticed, it may not be due solely to workplace training. An analysis of a database developed by the American Society of Training and Development (ASTD) to explore the connection between employer investment in training and company performance concluded that, although firms that invested in training seemed to be more productive than those that did not, it was difficult to tie higher performance levels directly to the training offered (Bassi, Harrison, Ludwig, & McMurrer, 2001). In any case, those involved in workplace training report that when there is little or no opportunity provided for the workers to use the new learning, it will not be retained (Kavanaugh, 1999; Pierce, 2001; Sarmiento & Schurman, 1992).
Issue E: Measuring Outcomes
Measuring training and instructional outcomes can be problematic (Affholter, 1995). In classes for immigrant workers, there can be a lack of clarity about the outcomes being sought, i.e., an uncertainty about whether the instructional goals are improved productivity or workers speaking English on the job (Kavanaugh, 1999). Often goals are not clearly stated at the outset of the course, monitored throughout the course, and then evaluated at the end (Affholter). In short, program providers may not know what to measure, how to measure, or when to measure outcomes of the training.
SuggestionsOffer short, highly focused classes with clearly stated, measurable, and attainable objectives
Providing short, targeted classes with limited goals can be effective in the workplace (Burt, 1997; Kavanaugh, 1999). A 6-week course on accent reduction in Pima County, Arizona, for example, has been popular both with employers and with immigrant workers who have at least an intermediate level of English. Similarly, with pre-literate Latino housekeepers, a 3-week course with the three goals of greeting residents, supervisors, and co-workers; expressing lack of comprehension; and asking for clarification has been successful at a nursing home in Falls Church, Virginia (Burt, 2002).
When classes are focused and objectives are clearly stated and realistic as to what can be accomplished in a short time, it is easier to assess and monitor outcomes. Workers are more likely to complete a 6-week course than one that lasts 4 months. Furthermore, if the classes are carefully scheduled so as not to be held during rush times, there is less likelihood that the worker will be pulled from the class to go back to work (Kavanaugh, 1999).
Educate everyone about the process of learning a second language
Few people in this country appreciate the difficulty of learning and using a second language. More than 82% of the people in the United States speak only English (U.S. Census Bureau, 2003). Employers, native-English-speaking workers, and immigrant workers all need to appreciate the challenges of learning to speak English on the job. Educators report the value of using "shock language" classes (a short lesson taught entirely in a language unknown to anyone in the room except the instructor) with employers to give them a brief introduction to what foreign-born workers face in an English-speaking environment (Schrage, 1997). Giving native-speaking workers a shock-language experience could likewise increase their understanding of the complexity of learning a new language and help them become more supportive of the immigrant workers' attempts to try out new language and behaviors on the job. This, in turn, would motivate the immigrant workers to use what they have learned on the job.
Use the native language
Limited use of the native language in workplace instruction, particularly in work sites where much of the workforce speaks the same native language, can help avoid miscommunication and can deepen learner comprehension of difficult concepts (Katz, 2000; Moore, 1999; Taggart & Martinez, 2003). Because bilingual instruction does not imply translation of all course content but rather a judicious choice of which language to use for which purposes, bilingual teachers need explicit criteria concerning when to use the native language and when to use English (Taggart & Martinez). The workers' native language should be used to teach difficult content that they need to know in order to do a task. Then the English vocabulary and structures they need to read, listen to, write, and talk about the tasks should be taught (Taggart & Martinez).
Huerta-Mac'as (2003) offers another model for using two languages: A topic is introduced in the native language; key English vocabulary items are taught; hands-on activities (such as those involving workplace machines) are carried out in English and assessed in English; technology activities follow, with discussion in the native language; and the final discussion and question and answer activity is carried out in whichever language each individual student prefers. When the class has speakers of several different languages, Huerta-Mac'as suggests dividing the class into same-language small groups for discussion of the workplace issues in their native language. Each group then, in English, frames questions about the workplace issues for the teacher.
Get the leaders involved
It is professional wisdom in workplace instruction that, before beginning the classes, the instructor needs to get all the support of all employer stakeholders including chief officers, human resource personnel, and direct supervisors of the workers (Alamprese & Kay, 1993; Burt, 1997). However, worker leaders need to be involved as well-if not directly in the classes, as least as advocates to encourage others to attend (Pierce, 2001). They also need to be involved in planning the classes, setting the goals, and advising the educational service provider. The message that needs to be sent to the immigrant workers is that value is placed on learning English both by the employers and by fellow employees (ABC Canada, 1999).
Provide opportunities to use English on the job
Pierce (2001) describes a workplace where the company established and publicized a process for achieving promotions or higher pay. One of the skills workers had to demonstrate was a certain level of English literacy and oral proficiency. There are other ways, however, to encourage the use of English on the job that do not involve formal assessment of skills: Instructors can invite supervisors to visit classes; they can also encourage supervisors to have conversations in English with the learners about what they are learning and about their job tasks. Employers can promote discussion among native and nonnative English speakers on the job through English language discussion tables at breaks (Burt, 2002) and mentoring or tutoring by the native speakers (Pierce). This tutoring should not be seen as a substitute for language instruction given by a trained instructor but rather as ancillary support. Because merely speaking a language does not give one the skills to teach someone else to speak the language, native speakers who are tutoring co-workers in English should be given training. This training can often be provided for a modest fee through local literacy agencies or other English language service providers (Stuart, 1994).
English language ability is related to higher wages and more stable employment, yet little training is currently offered to immigrants at the workplace. Issues in providing this instruction include unrealistic expectations both of what can be learned in a short workplace class and how quickly language and cultural behaviors can and should be changed; difficulties in defining and assessing outcomes; and a lack of value placed on the instruction. Research is needed on the use of the native language in workplace instruction; on the efficacy of short-term classes; and on creative ways of providing, monitoring, and assessing English language instruction on the job.
ABC Canada. (1999). Success stories in workplace basic education for small business. Don Mills, Ontario, Canada: Author. Retrieved November 10, 2003, from www.abc-canada.org/workplace_education/success.asp
Affholter, D. P. (1995, Winter). Monitoring outcomes. The Grantsmanship Center Magazine, 9-13.
Alamprese, J. A., & Kay, A. (1993). Literacy on the cafeteria line: Evaluation of the Skills Enhancement Training Program. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education. (ERIC No. ED368933)
Bassi, L., Harrison, P., Ludwig, J., & McMurrer, D. (2001, June). Human capital investments and firm performance. Atlanta, GA: Human Capital Dynamics.
Burt, M. (1997). Workplace ESL instruction: Interviews from the field. Washington, DC: National Center for ESL Literacy Education. Retrieved from www.literacynet.org/eslwp/home.html
Burt, M. (2002, November). Workplace ESL instruction: Where we've been and where we're going. Paper presented at the ESL in the Workplace Academy, State College, PA.
Chiswick, B. R., & Miller, P. W. (2002). Immigrant earnings: Language skills, linguistic concentrations, and the business cycle. Journal of Popular Economics, 15, 31-57.
Cummins, J. (1991). Language learning and bilingualism (Sophia Linguistica Monograph No. 29). Tokyo: Sophia University, Sophia Institute for International Communication.
Greenberg, E., Macias, R. F., Rhodes, D., & Chan, T. (2001). English literacy and language minorities in the United States (Statistical Analysis Report No. NCES 2001464). Washington, DC: National Center for Educational Statistics. Retrieved September 27, 2003, from http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2001464
Hayflich, F. (1995). Measuring productivity gains from workplace ESL programs. The Connector, 6, 1-2.
Huerta-Mac'as, A. G. (2003). Meeting the challenge of adult education: A bilingual approach to literacy and career development. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 47(3), 218-226.
Katz, M. L. (2000). Workplace language teaching and the intercultural construction of ideologies of competence. The Canadian Modern Language Journal, 57(1), 144-172.
Kavanaugh, K. (1999, April). Teaching the language of work. Training and Development, 14-16.
Li, D. (2000). The pragmatics of making requests in the L2. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 57(1), 58-87.
Mikulecky, L. (1992). Workplace literacy programs: Variations of approach and limits of impact. San Antonio, TX: National Reading Conference. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED353461)
Mikulecy, L. (1997). Too little time and too many goals. Focus on Basics, I(D) 10-13.
Milroy, L., & Muysken, P. (Eds.). (1995). One speaker, two languages: Cross-disciplinary perspectives on code-switching. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Moore, R. (1999). Empowering the ESL worker within the new work order. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 43(2). 142-151.
National Institute for Literacy. (n.d.). Workforce literacy. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved from www.nifl.gov/nifl/facts/workforce.html#corporate
Pierce, F. D., (2001, April). ESL: Valuable resource or idealism: Using case studies for finding answers. American Society of Safety Engineers, 35-39.
Sarmiento, A., & Schurman, S. (1992). A job-linked literacy program for SPC: Are we talking about work training, work reorganization, or more equitable workplaces? Washington, DC: Work in America Institute.
Schrage, R. (1997, Fall). Forming a learning consortium for small businesses to form a workplace ESL consortium. The Connector, 9, 1-2. Retrieved from www.cal.org/Archive/projects/Mellon.htm#NEWS
Stuart, P. (1994, November). Employees launch ESL tutoring at the workplace. Personnel Journal, 49-54.
Taggart, K., & Martinez, S. (2003). One classroom, two languages: Adult bilingual curriculum development. Focus on Basics, 6,(C), 18-21.
Thomas, W. P., & Collier, V. (1997). School effectiveness for language minority students. Washington, DC: National Clearinghouse for Bilingual Education. Retrieved June 22, 2005 from http://www.ncela.gwu.edu/pubs/resource/effectiveness/thomas-collier97.pdf
U.S. Census Bureau. (2003, June). United States foreign-born population (Census Data Tables). Retrieved December 22, 2003, from www.census.gov/population/www/socdemo/foreign/datatbls.html
U.S. Department of Education, Division of Adult Education and Literacy. (2002, April). State-administered adult education program 2001 enrollment Washington, DC: Author.
Van Duzer, C., Moss, D., Burt, M., Peyton, J. K., & Ross-Feldman, L. (2003) OECD Review of adult ESL education in the United States. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.
Westerfield, K., & Burt, M. (1996). Assessing workplace performance problems: A checklist. Washington, DC: National Center for ESL Literacy Education. Retrieved November 30, 2003, from www.cal.org/caela/digests/Cheklst.htm
This document was produced at the Center for Applied Linguistics (4646 40th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20016 202-362-0700) with funding from the U.S. Department of Education (ED), Office of Vocational and Adult Education (OVAE), under Contract No. ED-99-CO-0008. The opinions expressed in this report do not necessarily reflect the positions or policies of ED. This document is in the public domain and may be reproduced without permission.Abbiamo notato che stai utilizzando un browser non compatibile. E'possibile che il sito di TripAdvisor non sia visualizzabile.Il nostro sito e' ottimizzato per i seguenti navigatori: Windows: Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome. Mac: Safari.
Siamo andati a visitare questo quartiere a nord di Chi perché segnalato sulla guida.
Direi che ci vogliono 40 minuti con il bus 22 dal centro.
La zona è carina c'è una via con ristoranti negozi svedesi e pasticcerie ma nulla di più.
La cosa...Più
Siamo andati con la metro fino ad Andersonville, parlavano di un villaggio di pescatori svedesi, molto caratteristico; in realtà, nulla di tutto ciò. Una strada dritta con dei negozi, una Wallgreens e niente più. Non aspettatevi niente di che
Grazie, Filippo76eSamanta80
Queste recensioni sono state tradotte automaticamente dall'inglese. Mostrare la traduzione automatica?
Questo servizio potrebbe contenere traduzioni fornite da Google. Google declina qualsiasi garanzia, implicita o esplicita, relativamente alle traduzioni, incluse garanzie di accuratezza, affidabilità e garanzie implicite di commerciabilità, idoneità per uno scopo specifico e non violazione dei diritti altrui.
Non tanto etnico (sebbene abbia ancora un sottofondo svedese), più LGBTQ. Sede della più famosa libreria femminista del paese e ispirazione per Portlandia. Praticamente nessuna catena di negozi. Ottimi bar, negozi, prodotti, oggetti d'antiquariato, gelati. Arrivare lì meglio con l'autobus della città.
Grazie per aver inviato una modifica. Stiamo esaminando il suggerimento.
Mi piace
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diyometabolik risk faktörlerinde iyileşme sağladığını göstermektedir. Genel olarak Polikistik Over Sendromu’nda haftada en az 150 dakika fiziksel aktivite önerilir.
Egzersiz programınıza başlamadan önce hekiminize ve bir fizyoterapiste danışmanızı öneririz.
Ayrıca sıkça karşılaştığım bazı sorularınıza cevap vermek isterim.
- PKOS’um var ama herhangi bir semptom göstermiyorum bunun nedeni nedir?
PKOS’a sahip olmak ve herhangi bir semptom göstermemek mümkündür. Birçok insan, hamile kalmakta güçlük çekene veya bilinmeyen nedenlerle kilo alana kadar bu duruma sahip olduklarının farkında bile olmaz. Fark edebileceğiniz kadar şiddetli belirtileriniz yoksa hafif şiddette PKOS’a sahip olabilirsiniz.
- PKOS’um varsa yine de hamile kalabilir miyim?
Evet. PKOS’a sahip olmak hamile kalamayacağınız anlamına gelmez. PKOS, kadınlarda kısırlığın en yaygın ancak tedavi edilebilir nedenlerinden biridir.
- PKOS ve endometriozis arasındaki fark nedir?
PKOS ve endometriozis farklı durumlardır, ancak her ikisi de yumurtalık kistleri ve kısırlıkla bağlantılıdır. Çikolata kisti olarak da bilinen endometriozis yumurtalıklarda, fallop tüplerinde veya karın boşluğu gibi uterus dışındaki bölgelerde uterus iç yüzeyini döşeyen endometrial dokunun varlığı ile karakterize kronik bir hastalıktır. Tipik olarak pelvik ağrıya veya şiddetli adet kramplarına neden olur. PKOS’lu kadınlarda aşırı erkek hormonları nedeniyle düzensiz dönemler, öngörülemeyen yumurtlama ve diğer fiziksel yan etkiler görülür.
PCOS’unuz olduğundan şüpheleniyorsanız, hekiminizle belirtileriniz hakkında konuşun. Yaşam tarzı değişiklikleri ve tıbbi tedaviler semptomları yönetmenize, diğer sağlık sorunları riskinizi azaltmanıza ve hamile kalmanıza yardımcı olabilir.Se una persona empatiche incontra una persona falsa, la persona empatica si blocca.
Abbiamo già analizzato in altri articoli quali sono le caratteristiche che definiscono gli empatici. Sappiamo che sono estremamente sensibili agli stimoli ambientali, che assorbono le emozioni altrui, sono intuitivo, introversi eccetera.
Ovviamente non esiste una nomenclatura psicologica che definisca il concetto di “persona falsa”. Si tratta di un epiteto che desidero utilizzare perché mi sembra semplice e neutrale. In questo articolo, con il termine “persona falsa” si intende qualcuno che possieda le seguenti caratteristiche.
Persona falsa
- Qualcuno che vuole piacere a tutti quelli che incontra e per questo ti ricopre di complimenti, lodi e cade in adorazione per te, con il solo intento di compiacerti
- Qualcuno pieno di odio, rabbia o rancore che però si sforza di convincerti che in realtà sta benissimo e tutto va a meraviglia
- Qualcuno che ha superato un’infanzia traumatica, fomite delle sue insicurezze e paure, ma che finge di essere una persona completamente sicura di sé.
- Qualcuno che si è costruito una personalità del tutto nuova per nascondere il suo vero io, convinto che se fosse se stesso non verrebbe accettato
- Qualcuno che ti ricopre di complimenti che non meriti
- Qualcuno che inventa storie per sembrare interessante
Ora che siamo allineati su quali sono i comportamenti falsi a cui gli empatici sono suscettibili, vediamo qual è la loro reazione.一
天黑了，火炉里红通通的火苗欢快地跳来跳去，炉膛里的松枝烧的“吱吱”的响，屋子里住着一位老奶奶和她的两个小孙子。奶奶忙碌了一天，终于可以坐下歇歇了。卡卡和小嘟嘟最喜欢这个时候了，因为每天的这个时候奶奶都会给他们讲故事，奶奶肚子里有说不完有趣的故事。卡卡和小嘟嘟赶紧拿来两个小凳子，坐在奶奶两边，眨着大眼睛，眼里充满着渴望。奶奶轻轻地抚摸着两个小孙子的头，慈祥地说：“奶奶今天给你们讲一个很古老的传说：
在很久以前，世界上只有一个男人和一个女人，他们生了很多孩子。有一天，爸爸出去打猎，妈妈在河边帮孩子们洗澡。这时候，天上飘过来一片白云，原来是天神来了。可是还有一些孩子没洗干净，妈妈怕天神看到那些还没洗澡的脏兮兮的孩子，就把他们藏到了大石头后面。天神早就看到了一切，故意问：‘你所有的孩子都在这吗？’妈妈点点头说：‘是的，天神。’天神听了很生气地说：‘哼，你竟然欺骗我，既然你不想让我看到那些孩子，那么你也永远也别想见到他们了。’说完，天神拿出一面铜镜向石头后面一照，那些被藏起来的孩子一下就被吸到镜子里面去了。天神扔下铜镜，飞回到了天上。
妈妈后悔地在河边大哭起来。傍晚，爸爸打猎回来了，看见妈妈在河边大哭，妈妈伤心地告诉了爸爸事情的经过。爸爸对妈妈说：‘别难过，在东方有座神女峰，山上住着一位仙女，我去求她帮忙。’
于是爸爸拿着铜镜，向东方出发了。他游过了九十九条河，翻过了九十九座山，终于来到了神女峰。他拜见了仙女，求仙女救救他的孩子。仙女也不敢违反天神的命令把那些孩子救出来。但是她答应帮他们照顾那些镜子里的孩子，爸爸这才放心地回去了。
仙女用法力将镜子打开了一个开口，飞了进去。在镜子里，仙女教会了孩子们魔法，她还用法术创造了一个魔法的世界。在这里，风儿是香的，雨水是甜的，云朵五颜六色的，鸟儿会唱歌，花草会跳舞，所有的动物都会说话，这里的水果有足球那么大，不但有苹果味香蕉味的，还有奶油味，巧克力味，反正你想要什么这里就有什么。看到孩子们长大了，过着快乐的生活，仙女放心地离开了。仙女飞出镜子，在入口处打上了一个封印。是一个小孩的手掌印，因为仙女觉得小孩子纯真善良，如果大人知道了一定会告诉天神的。所以只有小孩才能进入到魔法世界，大人是不能进去的。”
故事讲完了，卡卡和小嘟嘟听得太入神，没反应过来，还在等奶奶继续讲。奶奶和蔼地笑着说：“乖乖，故事讲完了，睡觉的时间到了。明天我再给你们讲好不好。”虽然卡卡和小嘟嘟还很不情愿，但他们还是听话地去睡觉了。
“叽叽喳喳”卡卡被一阵清脆的鸟叫声唤醒了，他摇了摇还在睡觉的弟弟，然后穿上衣服，洗完了脸，奶奶已经准备好了早饭。吃完早饭，奶奶要到小镇上去买东西。临走的时候奶奶对卡卡说：“奶奶不在家，你是哥哥，一定要照顾好弟弟。就在家附近玩，别跑远了。”卡卡懂事地点点头。奶奶放心地去镇上了。
奶奶走了，过了一会，小嘟嘟说：“哥哥，我要到小河里去捉小鱼。”卡卡说：“不行，小河太远了，奶奶不让我们去。”“那我们去油菜田里捉蝴蝶好吗？”“不行，踩坏了油菜，奶奶会生气的。”“这也不行，那也不行，那到底玩什么呀。”小嘟嘟生气地撅起了小嘴。卡卡说：“我们去房子后面的打谷场上玩捉迷藏好不好。”小嘟嘟高兴地跳起来说：“好呀，好呀，不过我先藏，你找。”卡卡笑着说：“好，好。”
卡卡带着弟弟来到打谷场，这里有大草垛，大石头，小树丛，可真是一个捉迷藏的好地方。卡卡对弟弟说：“好了，开始吧。”卡卡转过身，捂着眼睛开始数数：“一，二，三……九十六”还没等到卡卡数到一百，忽然弟弟大喊道：“哥哥，哥哥，快来呀！”卡卡跑过去对弟弟说：“怎么我没找，你自己出来了。”小嘟嘟说：“你快看这是什么呀？”卡卡低头一看，只见在一个大石头后面有一面铜镜。卡卡好奇地捡起铜镜。反过来一看，铜镜的中央有一个小手印。难道这就是奶奶故事里的魔法宝镜吗？小卡卡不敢相信自己的眼睛。弟弟在一旁着急地问：“哥哥，这是什么呀，是不是奶奶说的宝镜呀？”卡卡说：“应该是吧，奶奶故事里的镜子就是这样子的。”小嘟嘟兴奋地跳起来，“那我们赶紧去魔法世界玩吧。”说完，还没等卡卡反应过来，弟弟的小手已经按在了镜子的封印上。突然，镜子上发出一道耀眼的白光，把弟弟吸了进去，卡卡赶紧抓住弟弟的小手，也被拉了进去。
二
“哎呀，你压着我了。”卡卡睁开眼睛，似乎听到有人说话。可他看看四周除了一片荒凉，一个人也没有。卡卡叫醒了弟弟，他小心地观察着周围，难道这里就是魔法世界么？“哎呀，你们压得我喘不过气了。”卡卡听到从屁股底下传来一阵说话声，吓得赶紧拉着弟弟跳了起来。仔细一看，地上有一个圆溜溜的石头，声音是从石头里面传出来的。卡卡心里非常害怕，紧紧把弟弟抱在身边，眼睛直勾勾地盯着地上的石头，生怕它会伤害弟弟。只见那块圆石头地上转了几个圈，突然伸出了一个圆圆的小脑袋，四条短短的腿和一个又尖又细的小尾巴，原来是只小乌龟。小乌龟从地上弹起来，摆出一副要打架的样子，凶巴巴地喊道：“你们来捣乱的吗？有我龟精灵在，就容不得你们搞破坏。”卡卡吓得连退几步，紧张地说：“我们不是捣乱的，我们是人间的小孩，不小心被吸进来的。”小乌龟这才半信半疑地收了架势，昂着头，一副神气的样子对卡卡说：“你们是人间的小孩呀，叫什么名字。”“我叫卡卡，这是我的弟弟嘟嘟。”卡卡回答说。小乌龟一听马上一改神气的模样，兴奋的说：“原来你就是卡卡呀，我们等你好久了。”卡卡一下摸不着头脑，“等我，你们为什么等我？还有你说这里是魔法世界，可是怎么和传说中的一点都不一样呀?”小乌龟垂头丧气地说：“这个说来话长，我们精灵女王还在等你呢！我们边走边说吧，我叫小龟，现在就带你们去魔法之都。”
卡卡和嘟嘟跟在后面，小乌龟高兴地在前面边走边给卡卡讲魔法世界的故事：“以前这里充满了快乐，我们整天在这里玩耍，打闹，学习和使用魔法，大家每天都很高兴。可是有一天，黑暗魔王入侵了魔法世界，他冻结了这里的魔法，在这里到处释放黑暗毒气，所以这里的花儿枯萎了，天上也到处是黑色的毒云。现在只有魔法之都还没有被入侵，因为有圣火的保护。”卡卡好奇地问道：“那么你以前也会使用魔法吗？”小乌龟不屑地回答道：“那还用说，我可是精灵女王的手下，魔法世界里谁不知道我龟精灵的大名，别看我个子不大，我可以以一敌百呢。”小乌龟正得意地向卡卡吹嘘着。突然一阵诱人的香味从路边的一个果园里传了过来，卡卡和嘟嘟扔下小乌龟，马上飞奔过去，摘下一个大果子，两个人抱着大口大口地吃了起来。小乌龟一回头，发现不见了卡卡，往果园里一看卡卡和嘟嘟正吃得带劲儿。他马上跑过去大喊：“快放下，别吃了，这是个陷阱。”小乌龟的话音还没落下，“嗖嗖”两支利箭从空中放了下来。小乌龟吓得脑袋一缩又变成一个圆石头，咕噜噜滚走了。天上飞下来两只凶恶的大黄蜂，抓起卡卡和嘟嘟就飞走了。
大黄蜂带着他们飞到一个大花园，这里种满了黑色的玫瑰花，每朵花就一口巨大的黑锅。卡卡和嘟嘟被放到一朵花里，周围全是又黑又长的刺，根本没法逃出去。大黄蜂飞走了，留下了卡卡和嘟嘟，嘟嘟吓得大哭起来。卡卡一边安慰弟弟，一边无奈地张望四周。此刻，他的心里也充满了恐惧。
嘟嘟哭累了，躺在卡卡怀里睡着了。卡卡想起了奶奶，奶奶离开家的时候让他照顾弟弟，可现在被困在这里不能出去。卡卡伤心地望着昏暗的天空，突然他看见天边飘来一片粉色的云朵，它越来越近，卡卡这才看清原来是一只粉红色的大蝴蝶。大蝴蝶落在黑玫瑰花上，变成一个长着一双美丽的翅膀的粉红色衣服的少女。卡卡马上问道：“仙子姐姐，你是来救我们的吗？”大蝴蝶回答说：“我是蝴蝶精灵,是女王陛下派来救你出去的。”卡卡问：“女王陛下怎么知道。”蝴蝶精灵说：“是龟精灵告诉女王的，但是我只能帮你一个人出去。”卡卡着急地问道：“为什么只能救我出去，我不要丢下弟弟不管。”蝴蝶仙子急忙安慰道：“你别急，只有你出去了才能帮助我们打败黑暗魔王，才能拯救魔法世界，救出你弟弟。”卡卡说：“可是我答应了奶奶要好好照顾弟弟的，我不能丢下他一个人。”蝴蝶仙子笑着回答说：“你放心，你走后我会变成你的样子，在这里照顾你弟弟，黑暗魔王的哨兵会不断来巡逻了，不能让他发现你走了。”“可是……”卡卡还没说完，蝴蝶仙子拿出一颗蒲公英种子，轻轻一吹已经变成了一把毛茸茸的大伞。她把伞递给卡卡，对卡卡说：“赶快走吧，一会哨兵就要来了。”说完把卡卡一推，卡卡就随着大伞飘了起来。看着卡卡飘出黑玫瑰园，蝴蝶仙子变成了卡卡的模样，两只大黄蜂刚好飞过来巡逻，而嘟嘟还睡得正香，不知道发生了什么。
卡卡抓着大蒲公英种子，在空中飘呀飘呀，四周一片昏暗，卡卡心里有说不出的恐惧。突然，他看到远方有一片光亮，再近一点，他看清那是一个白色城堡。卡卡飘了进去，在一片草地上停了下来，刚一落下，蒲公英种子就钻进土里，冒出一个绿油油的小芽儿，上面挂着着一串晶莹的露珠，小绿芽轻轻地一甩小脑袋，晶莹的小水珠就被甩得飞了起来。卡卡用想用手抓住，没想到一下就碎了，有一股淡淡的花香。卡卡不免有些失望，他看看四周，真是美极了，到处都是不知名的小花，五颜六色的，多的就像银河里的星星一样。草地上有一棵柳树，风儿一吹，柳条就像被弹的琴弦一样发出美妙的音响，柳树还释放出彩色的柳絮，飞得到处都是，吹到卡卡脸上，软绵绵的，还有一股奶油味。可卡卡顾不得欣赏这里的美景，他看到远处有一条五彩的石子路，沿着石子路卡卡走上一条用白色石板铺成的大道上。在大道的尽头是一座宏伟的宫殿，白色的墙壁，圆形的金色屋顶，真是美丽极了。
宫殿门口，一位白色衣服的使者早已在那等着卡卡了。他对卡卡说：“跟我来吧，女王陛下已经等你很久了。”卡卡随着白衣使者进了宫殿，远远地卡卡就看见了女王。女王坐在大殿之上，旁边站着几个和蝴蝶精灵一样的侍女，女王坐在白玉做成的王位上，一身纯洁的白纱，头戴银色的王冠，镶嵌着耀眼的钻石，手上拿着一根水晶魔杖。卡卡被女王的威严吓得不敢说话，呆呆地站在那里。女王用魔杖轻轻对着卡卡一指，卡卡一转眼就到了大殿上，站在了女王面前，卡卡吓了一跳。女王弯下腰用手摸摸卡卡的头，温和地说：“孩子，别怕，你是一个勇敢地孩子，不是吗？”卡卡感到一阵像奶奶一样的温暖，终于忍不住了，拉着女王的手哭着说：“精灵女王，求求你，救救我弟弟。”女王站起来对卡卡说：“卡卡，只有你可以救你弟弟，拯救魔法世界。”卡卡睁着大大的眼睛，不解的问：“为什么你们都说我能救魔法世界呢？”女王回答说：“魔法世界被黑暗魔王冻结了魔法，所有会魔法的精灵现在都无能为力了。只有人类小孩，你要用你的勇敢和智慧，解除黑暗魔王的封锁。”卡卡说：“那我该做什么呢？”女王说：“魔法之都的圣火已经快熄灭了，到时候黑暗势力也会侵袭到这里。在离魔法之都很远的海岛上有座魔力火山，你得到哪里采集魔力火种，重新点燃魔法之都的魔法圣焰，只有得到新的火种，魔法之都才能重新绽放光芒，驱除黑暗，拯救魔法世界。不过这一路上非常艰难。你会到魔法世界的其他地方，你要用你的智慧帮助他们解除诅咒，才能得到他们的帮助，继续走下去。你真的愿意去吗？”卡卡坚定地说：“只要能救出弟弟，我什么都愿意做”。女王叫来白衣使者，对卡卡说：“他会送你一程，不过后面的路得你自己走，你知道了吗？”卡卡点点头。
卡卡随白衣使者来到大殿外面，白衣使者俯身变成一只巨大的白鸽，他回头对卡卡说：“快上来，抓紧了。”卡卡爬到白鸽背上，白鸽扇动翅膀像箭一样飞出了魔法之都，地上的森林，河流，高山，一个个被抛入身后。白鸽飞到一座城堡前面停下来，对卡卡
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ulmaktadır.
MBA Açılımı Nedir? MBA Ne Demek?
MBA, "Master of Business Administration" kelimelerinin kısaltmasıdır .İş yönetimi veya işletme
yönetimi alanında yüksek lisans seviyesinde verilen bir akademik derecedir.
MBA programları, işletme ve yönetim becerilerini geliştirmek, iş dünyasında liderlik pozisyonlarına
yükselmek veya kariyerlerini ilerletmek isteyen profesyoneller için tasarlanmıştır.
MBA Nedir Nasıl Yapılır Kimler Yapabilir?
MBA yapmak isteyen kişiler genellikle iş yönetimi veya işletme alanında kariyerlerini ilerletmek veya değiştirmek isteyen profesyonellerdir. İşte MBA yapmak için uygun olan kişilerin bazı özellikleri:
- İş Deneyimi:
MBA programları genellikle iş deneyimi gerektirir.
Özellikle tam zamanlı MBA programları için çoğu üniversite veya iş okulu, başvuracak adaylardan en
az birkaç yıl iş deneyimi isteyebilir. Bu, sınıf içi tartışmaların ve projelerin daha zengin ve uygulanabilir olmasına yardımcı olur.
- Kariyer Hedefleri:
MBA, kariyer hedeflerini gerçekleştirmek isteyen kişiler için faydalıdır.
İş dünyasında daha yüksek pozisyonlara veya yöneticilik rollerine geçmek, endüstri değiştirmek veya
kendi işini kurmak gibi hedefleri olanlar için MBA programları uygun bir seçenek olabilir.
- İşletme ve Liderlik İlgisi:
- MBA programları işletme, liderlik ve yönetim konularında eğitim sunar.
- Girişimcilik Hedefi:
Kendi işini kurma veya girişimcilikle ilgilenen kişiler için MBA programları işletme yönetimi ve işletme
kurma konularında bilgi sağlayabilir.
- Eğitim İhtiyacı:
İş dünyasında daha iyi performans göstermek veya daha fazla yetkinlik kazanmak isteyenler için MBA, gerekli eğitimi sağlayabilir.
- İş Ağı Oluşturma:
MBA programları, mezunlarına geniş bir iş ağı oluşturma fırsatı sunar. Bu, iş dünyasında önemli bağlantılar kurmayı ve profesyonel ilişkiler geliştirmeyi amaçlayan kişiler için önemlidir.
- Finansal Yetenek:
MBA programları maliyetli olabilir. Bu nedenle, programı finanse etme yeteneğinizin olması gerekebilir. Burslar, öğrenim kredileri ve çalışanlara işverenlerinin maddi destek sağlaması gibi finansal yardım seçenekleri mevcut olabilir.
Ancak herkesin MBA yapması gerekli veya uygun değildir. MBA programları yoğun ve talepkar olabilir, bu nedenle programın gereksinimlerini ve beklentilerini dikkatlice değerlendirmek önemlidir. MBA yapmayı düşünüyorsanız, hedeflerinizi ve motivasyonunuzu dikkate alarak karar vermelisiniz.
En Popüler MBA Programları Nelerdir? Harvard MBA Nedir?
MBA programlarının popülerliği dünya genelinde farklılık gösterebilir ve bu popülerlik sık sık programın
kalitesi, üniversitenin prestiji ve mezunlarının iş başarısı gibi faktörlere dayanır.
Ancak genellikle dünya genelindeki en popüler MBA programları arasında aşağıdaki üniversiteler ve iş okulları öne çıkmaktadır:
- Harvard Business School (Harvard Üniversitesi, ABD): Harvard Business School, dünyanın en tanınmış ve prestijli iş okullarından biridir. Programı, iş dünyasının liderleri ve girişimcileri yetiştirmeye odaklanır.
Dünya genelinde birçok üniversite ve iş okulu popüler MBA programları sunmaktadır. MBA programı seçerken, kariyer hedeflerinizi ve özel ilgi alanlarınızı göz önünde bulundurarak en uygun programı seçmelisiniz.
Kısaca E-MBA nedir?
E-MBA, "Executive Master of Business Administration" kelimesinin kısaltmasıdır .
Genellikle çalışan profesyonellere yönelik olarak tasarlanmış bir MBA programını ifade eder.
MBA yüksek lisans nedir?
MBA, yüksek lisans programının seviyesinde bir akademik derecedir .İş yönetimi alanında daha fazla bilgi ve beceri
kazanmak isteyen öğrencilere sunulur.
MBA Eğitimi Nedir?
MBA eğitiminin en önemli fonksiyonu , iş yönetimi, liderlik, strateji, finans ve diğer işletme alanlarında
teorik bilgi ve pratik beceri kazanmanızı sağlamasıdır. Dersler, projeler, grup çalışmaları ve stajlar içerebilir.
T-MBA Nedir?
T-MBA terimi yaygın olarak kullanılan bir terim değildir ve belirli bir tanımı yoktur.
MBA Nasıl Yapılır?
MBA programları, üniversiteler, iş okulları veya online eğitim platformları aracılığıyla alınabilir.
Başvurular genellikle öğrenim deneyimi, GMAT veya GRE skorları, referans mektupları ve kişisel
beyanlar gibi öğrenci başvuru gereksinimlerini içerir.
MBA Yüksek Lisans Ne İşe Yarar?
MBA yüksek lisans, iş dünyasında liderlik pozisyonlarına yükselmek, kariyeri ilerletmek, yeni iş
fırsatlarına erişim sağlamak ve işletme bilgisini genişletmek isteyen profesyoneller için önemli bir
nitelik sunar.
MBA yapmak ne demek?
iş yönetimi ve işletme konularında yüksek lisans seviyesinde eğitim almak anlamına gelir. Bu, iş dünyasında daha iyi bir kariyer fırsatı yakalamak veya işletme becerilerini geliştirmek için yapılır.
MBA programları, öğrencilere iş dünyasında rekabet avantajı kazandıran bilgi ve beceriler sunar. Başvurmadan önce, programın gereksinimlerini ve öğrencinin hedeflerini dikkatlice değerlendirmek önemlidir.
İş hayatında, yönetim becerileri büyük önem taşır. İşletmelerin başarısı, etkili yöneticilerin liderlik ve karar alma yeteneklerine dayanır.
Bu nedenle, Harvard Business School gibi tanınmış işletme okullarının Executive MBA programları,
yöneticilere üst düzey yönetim becerileri kazandırmak için popüler bir seçenektir.
Executive MBA programlarının eğitim süresi genellikle daha kısa bir sürede tamamlanabilir. Bu programlar sıklıkla iş hayatında yoğun bir tempo içinde olan profesyonellere yöneliktir.
Operasyon yönetimi, veri madenciliği, insan kaynakları yönetimi gibi işletme disiplinlerine odaklanırlar. Mezunlarına iş dünyasının zorlu gereksinimleriyle başa çıkma yeteneği kazandırırlar.
Uzaktan MBA programları da yurt dışında eğitim alma fırsatı sunar. Bu programlar, öğrencilere iş hayatıyla eğitimi dengeleme esnekliği sağlar. Ayrıca, MBA eğitimi sırasında öğrencilere sosyal sorumluluk projeleri gibi toplumsal katkı sağlama fırsatları da sunulabilir.
T-MBA eğitim modeli, farklı işletme disiplinlerini birleştirir ve mezunlarına çok yönlü liderlik yetenekleri kazandırır.
Master of Business Administration (MBA) derecesi, iş dünyasında rekabet avantajı elde etmek için
güçlü bir temel oluşturabilir , kariyerinizi yeni zirvelere taşıyabilir.Providing databases and tools for the study of Balaena mysticetus.
The bowhead whale (Balaena mysticetus) has not only been estimated to live over 200 years, making it the longest-lived mammal, but these animals remain disease-free until much more advanced ages than humans can.
You can search using either a gene name, Ensembl identifier (from Bottlenosed dolphin, Cow, Human, Minke Whale, Mouse) or Bowhead Whale sequence ID.
For more detailed queries you can use boolean (
NOT), wildcard (
*) and range searches (
[1 TO 2]). You can also search for specific terms by grouping them in quotes e.g. "growth hormone". Certain fields are also available for more detailed filtering: ka_ks_ratio, cdna_percentage and protein_percentage. These can be used by following the structure of the next example:
ka_ks_ratio:[0.75 TO 0.8] or
protein_percentage:98. When using filters wildcards are required to get partial matches.
For searching a sequence you can use our BLAST server to align a given sequence to the latest available build of the bowhead whale genome.Go to BLAST search page »
The mechanisms for the longevity and resistance to aging-related diseases of bowhead whales are unknown, but it is clear these animals must possess aging prevention mechanisms. In particular in context of cancer, bowhead whales must have anti-tumour mechanisms, because given their large size and longevity, their cells must have a massively lower chance of developing into cancer when compared to human cells. As such, we sequenced the genome of the bowhead whale to identify longevity assurance mechanisms.
A high-coverage genome assembly, and corresponding annotation, of the bowhead whale is made available to the scientific community to encourage research using data from this exceptionally long-lived species. Overall, this project aims to provide a key resource for studying the bowhead whale and its exceptional longevity and resistance to diseases. By identifying novel maintenance and repair mechanisms we will learn what is the secret for living longer, healthier lives and may be able apply this knowledge to improve human health and preserve human life.
|Entry type||Number of entries|Ceramics are non-organic, non-metallic materials which show excellent resistance to high temperatures, abrasives and chemicals. They have comparatively low densities and are extremely hard. The nature of their structure means that some show poor shock resistance.
Small particles with an approximately defined size range.
Those materials described as alloy precursors are not true alloys - they are made by sintering a blend of powders of the component metals to achieve alloying by diffusion. The resultant cake is ground and sieved to the required particle size range.
Unless otherwise stated, the particle sizes shown are for guidance only. We do not guarantee either any particular size distribution between the quoted minimum and maximum sizes, or a specific particle shape.
|Dimensions shown are nominalGevşek Hortum Sendromu
Gevşek hortum sendromu (İngilizce: ''Floppy trunk syndrome'', ''FTS'') Afrika savan fillerinde hortumlarının felç olması şeklinde görülen bir hayvan hastalığıdır. İlk olarak 1989 yılında gözlemlenen sendrom asıl olarak Zimbabwe'nin çeşitli bölgelerinde erkek filleri etkilemekteydi. Sendromdan etkilenen fillerin hortumlarında felç görülmekteydi ve bu filler beslenmek için yeni yöntemler bulmak zorundaydılar. Hortumlarının tutma özelliğini kaybeden filler kötü beslenme nedeniyle ölebilmekteydiler.教师招聘每日一练2018年（6月21日）-教师网
教师招聘每日一练2018年（6月21日）-教师网
1.在17世纪，对班级授课制给予了系统的理论描述和概括，从而奠定了它的理论基础的教育家是( )
A 昆体良 B 夸美纽斯 C 裴斯泰洛奇 D 卢梭
2.在教育活动中，教师负责组织、引导学生沿着正确的方向，采用科学的方法，获得良好的发展，这句话的意思是说( )
A 学生在教育活动中是被动的客体
B 教师在教育活动中是被动的客体
C 要充分发挥教师在教育活动中的主导作用
D 教师在教育活动中是不能起到主导作用
3.将课程分为基础型课程、拓展型课程、研究型课程，这是( )
A 从课程制定者或管理制度角度划分的
B 从课程的功能角度划分的
C 从课程的组织核心角度划分的
D 从课程的任务角度划分的
4.教师按照一定的教学要求向学生提出问题，要求学生回答，并通过回答的形式来引导学生获得或巩固知识的方法叫做( )
A 讲授法 B 谈话法 C 讨论法 D 实验法
5.第一部在全国实施的学制是哪一部?( )
A 癸卯学制 B 壬寅学制 C 壬子学制 D 癸丑学制
- 答案及解析：
- 1.B【解析】夸美纽斯的《大教学论》是对班级授课制给予了系统的理论描述和概括，奠定了班级授课制的理论基础。古罗马昆体良在《雄辩术原理》中提出“集体教学”，是“班级授课制”的萌芽。因此，本题选B。
- 2. C【解析】教育的要素包括教育者、教育影响和受教育者。教育影响在教育中属于客体，教育者占主导地位，受教育者占主体地位。在教育活动中，教师负责组织、引导学生沿着正确的方向，采用科学的方法，获得良好的发展反应了教师的主导地位。因此，本题选C。
- 3.D【解析】根据课程的任务，课程可分为基础型课程、拓展型课程、研究型课程。基础型课程注重学生基础学力的培养;拓展型课程注重拓展学生的知识与能力，开阔学生的知识视野，发展学生各种不同的特殊能力;研究型课程注重培养学生的探究态度和能力。因此，本题选D。
- 4.B【解析】谈话法也叫问答法，它是教师按一定的教学要求向学生提出问题，要求学生回答，并通过问答的形式来引导学生获取或巩固知识的方法。因此，本题选B。
- 5.A【解析】1902年壬寅学制——首次制定了近代学制，但是未实施。1904年癸卯学制——中国近代学校教育制度的开始，以日本为蓝本，学习年限长，总共二十五六年。这是我国第一个正式颁布实施的学制。1922年壬戌学制——即“六三三制”，以美国学制为蓝本。因此，本题选A。
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福建学员许亚宽：考三角形的分类 我今天 教态超级好的 超有激情，分数是79.8，综合成绩不错！老师来厦门，请你吃饭啊！
江西、赣州杨微:田惠伊老师 我是杨微 是江西赣州的 我反超了第一名 成了第一 谢谢老师的栽培!
学员姚秋萍:这一次，我已经辉煌了！！！李广新老师，我被录取了！
学员王思文:我考上了啊!谢谢徐暮耘老师!!
天津学员小珊：老师，我考了第一名，太高兴了，谢谢你的帮助，真的很感激你能抽晚上给我有时间的时候给我上课，辛苦了。
江西南昌学员阳端:陈珊妹老师你好，我是16，17号冲刺班的学员阳端，这两天在您这学了不少知识，谢谢陈老师!
洛阳学员候歌：王老师，你好，我是候歌，洛阳招教我考得面试第一名，92.33分，总分也是第一！嘿嘿，给你报个喜，谢谢老师的辅导！
江西乐平 杨奇俊:龙春来老师，我考上了，面试第2，总分第5。呵呵，一点都没有紧张，我还要继续努力！谢谢老师
广州学员孟丽娟：老师，我是您的学生孟丽娟。我深圳的语文面试顺利过关喽，跟您分享我的喜悦，谢谢您的细心指导。老师牙还疼啊，可以多喝金银花茶奥
九江学员冯老师：冀芳老师，不辱师训，我和金老师都过了，谢谢老师。
沈阳学员—闫春:哈哈，no.1 谢谢张云红老师!
江西南昌 李小兰:龙春来老师，我考上了… 呵呵…这里面有老师的帮忙嘛…！！谢谢老师！都是老师教导有方！真想有机会请老师大吃一餐……谢师宴！这里面绝对有你的功劳！那么耐心看我的练习…提意见！ديه در اسلام قيمت انسان ها محسوب نمي شود...
هرگاه يک مسأله اي از مسائل دين را بررسي مي کنيم بايد آن مسأله را در منظومه و مجموعة دين بررسي کنيم تا به نتيجه اي واقعي تر و دقيق تر دست يابيم و اگر مسأله اي را از منظومه و مجموعه آموزه هاي ديني بيرون آورديم و به تنهايي مورد تجزيه و تحليل قرار داديم ممکن است صورت آن مسأله بسيار بي معنا باشد و قابل توجيه نباشد در مثال م...حسوس اگر دنداني را در دهان انسان ملاحظه کنيم با مجموعه دندان ها و لب و لثه او زيبايي محسوس خود را خواهد داشت ولي اگر همين دندان را کنده و به کسي عرضه کنيم بسيار چندش آور خواهد بود.
2- ديه در اسلام قيمت انسان ها محسوب نمي شود، چون ديه يک دانشمند بزرگ با يک انسان و طفل عادي يکسان است ديه، خون بها نيست بلکه جبران خسارتي است که معمولاً به يک خانواده وارد مي شود. در نظام اقتصادي اسلام، زن در خانواده نقش مالي ندارد و درآمدها و هزينه ها به عهده مرد مي باشد نه زن. و به اين جهت هر گاه مردي از خانواده تلف شود نان آور خانواده و کسي که مسؤوليت درآمد و هزينه ها را به عهده داشته است از دست رفته است و هرگاه زن از بين برود چنين حادثه اي اتفاق نيفتاده است. در اين مورد بايد دو نکته مورد توجه قرار بگيرد:
الف: قانون گزار بر اساس قاعده قانون گزاري مي کند و نه استثناء ممکن است به خاطر حوادث طبيعي و اجتماعي گاهي زنها نان آور خانه باشند که اين امر استثنايي است و مطابق با نظام اقتصادي اسلامي نيست.
ب: وقتي ما مرد را نان آور خانه معرفي مي کنيم و اين نقش را به زن نمي دهيم مقصود ما اعم از فعليت و شأنيت است که بنا بر اين شامل حال اطفال هم مي شود. يعني کساني که فعلاً نان آور خانه نيستند و در آينده اين شأنيت را دارند که نان آور خانه شوند را هم، شامل مي شود.ConSource. http://consource.org/library/. “The mission of The Constitutional Sources Project is to increase understanding, facilitate research, and encourage discussion of the U.S. Constitution by connecting individuals — including students,
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caro dei prezzi delle principali materie prime, in particolare delle gomme naturali e sintetiche e del petrolio".In April, Secretary of Energy Rick Perry ordered the Department of Energy (DOE) to perform a 60-day review and produce a report regarding the reliability of the energy grid and potential concerns regarding early retirement of baseload generators. Perry’s request explicitly solicited information concerning “[t]he extent to which continued regulatory burdens, as well as mandates and tax and subsidy policies, are responsible for forcing the premature retirement of baseload power plants.” Perry has argued that government subsidies for intermittent generators such as solar and wind and onerous environmental regulations lead to premature retirements of coal and nuclear power plants, which will make the grid less reliable.
A leaked draft of the DOE report disagrees, however, suggesting that the grid is more reliable than ever: “The power system is more reliable today due to better planning, market discipline and better operating rules and standards.” Furthermore, the draft indicates that renewable energy such as wind and solar do not pose a significant threat to the reliability of the grid. While the draft report acknowledges that “costly environmental regulations and subsidized renewable generation” can exacerbate the decline in baseload demand, the report concludes that those factors play “minor roles” compared to lower natural gas prices and the “long-standing drop in electricity demand relative to previous expectation.”
Since the draft was leaked, a representative from the DOE has stated that the report is evolving, and some of this language is not included in the current draft. This is causing concern that the report will change in order to support Secretary Perry’s stated concerns rather than provide accurate information.
What are the potential consequences of such a shift in the report’s findings? Because energy policy is handled largely at the state level or with the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), the DOE is unlikely to hinder state policies that favor renewable energy. Further, market factors are largely driving the increase in renewable energy and the decrease in coal, given that natural gas prices are on the decline, the costs of developing solar and wind resources have decreased dramatically in recent years and consumer demand for cleaner energy steadily rises. Finally, the idea of removing all subsidies to “even the playing field” for baseload and intermittent energy sources would be politically unpopular, given that many incentives exist for a variety of energy sources beyond renewables, including oil, gas and nuclear.
At minimum, the report will provide insight into the administration’s plans for energy policy. At most, its findings could be used to support claims that the energy grid is at risk and requires the federal government’s protection. Secretary Perry has indicated that the federal government could interfere with state policies that favor renewables over coal and nuclear generation claiming national security concerns related to grid reliability. Given President Trump’s campaign promise to reinvigorate coal and Perry’s public comments regarding the federal government’s ability to intervene with state energy policies, a heavily revised final report could be used by the administration to bolster such claims. Should the final version (expected to be released any day) diverge significantly from this draft, it will only fuel suspicions that it was commissioned with the sole purpose of justifying this administration’s plans to roll back progressive energy policies in order to boost the coal industry.هر گاه متوفی در ایران اقامتگاه یا محل سکنی نداشته دادگاهی صالح است که ترکه در آنجا واقع شده و اگر ترکه در جاهای مختلف باشد دادگاهی که مال غیر منقول در حوزه آن واقع است صلاحیت خواهد داشت و اگر اموال غیر منقول در حوزههای متعدد باشد صلاحیت با دادگاهی است که قبلاً شروع به اقدام کرده.درمان زخم با عسل از گذشته های دور مرسوم بوده و مردم هزاران سال از عسل برای بهبود زخم استفاده کرده اند. در حالی که اکنون گزینه های درمانی بسیار مؤثر دیگری برای ترمیم زخم ها داریم، هنوز هم ممکن است عسل برای بهبود برخی زخم ها مفید باشد. عسل دارای خواص ضد باکتریایی و تعادل pH بی نظیری است که اکسیژن و ترکیبات درمانی را به زخم منتهی می کند.
قبل از سرکشی به کابینت خود، ابتدا باید بدانید که متخصصان مراقبت از زخم، برای بهبود زخم های مزمن و سایر آسیب ها از چه نوع عسلی استفاده می کنند.
ما در این مقاله از آهوتا، شما را در مورد زمان های درست و نادرست استفاده از عسل برای ترمیم زخم ها آگاه خواهیم کرد، پس با ما همراه باشید.
آیا عسل برای درمان زخم مؤثر است؟
عسل ماده ای شیرین و چسبناک است که نشان داده شده دارای اجزای فعال زیستی می باشد که می تواند به بهبود زخم کمک کند.
طبق بررسی ادبیات منتشر شده در مجله Wounds، عسل در درمان زخم ها، مزایای زیر را ارائه می دهد:
pH اسیدی عسل
pH اسیدی عسل باعث بهبود زخم ها می شود. عسل دارای pH اسیدی بین 3.2 تا 4.5 است. هنگامی که روی زخم ها اعمال می شود، pH اسیدی خون را ترشح می کند تا اکسیژن آزاد کند که برای بهبود زخم ها مهم است. pH اسیدی همچنین وجود موادی به نام پروتئازها را کاهش می دهد که روند بهبود زخم ها را مختل می کنند.
مناسب ترین عسل
امروزه درمان زخم با عسل مورد استقبال بسیاری از پزشکان قرار گرفته که به بیماران خود توصیه می کنند. بیشتر متخصصان پزشکی از نوع خاصی از عسل ها بر روی زخم ها استفاده می کنند. به طور مثال عسل مانوکا از آن جهت که حاوی ترکیب متیل گلوکسال می باشد بی نظیر است. از آنجایی که عسل مانوکا یک عسل وارداتی می باشد و دسترسی به آن سخت است، از عسل هایی مانند: عسل آویشن، عسل کتیرا، عسل چهل گیاه، عسل بابونه و عسل اکالیپتوس که برای بهبود زخم ها عالی هستند می توان استفاده نمود.
عسل و انواع زخم ها
متخصصان برای درمان انواع زخم های زیر از عسل استفاده کرده اند:
- عسل برای جوش یا دمل
- سوختگی
- خراش ها
- سینوس پیلونیدال (کیست مویی)
- زخم پای وریدی و دیابتی
- عسل برای زخم عمیق
- ترمیم زخم جراحی
محققان مطالعات مختلفی را در مورد اثر بخشی عسل به عنوان درمانی برای انواع زخم ها انجام داده اند و در یک بررسی گسترده مطالعاتی در مورد 26 آزمایش بالینی را منتشر کرده اند که در مجموع 3011 شرکت کننده را شامل می شد.
محققان نتیجه گرفتند که عسل در بهبود سوختگی با ضخامت جزئی و زخم های بعد از عمل بهتر از بسیاری از درمان های دیگر کمک می کند.
خاصیت ضد باکتریایی عسل در درمان زخم ها
نشان داده شده است که عسل دارای اثر ضد باکتریایی بر باکتری های مضری است که معمولاً در زخم ها وجود دارد، مانند استافیلوکوکوس اورئوس مقاوم به متی سیلین (از پاتوژن های شایع بیمارستانی است که در طی سه دهه گذشته میزان شیوع آن در سرتاسر جهان در حال افزایش می باشد) و انتروکوکهای مقاوم به ونکومایسین (آنتروکوک ها میکروارگانیسم های های گرم مثبتی هستند که در حال حاضر بعنوان یکی از مهم ترین علل مرگ و میر در بیماران بستری به شمار می آیند) و بخشی از این مقاومت ممکن است از طریق خاصیت اسمزی آن باشد.
خاصیت اسمزی چیست؟
شکر خاصیت اسمزی دارد. قندی که به طور طبیعی در عسل وجود دارد، تأثیر آب از بافت های آسیب دیده (که به عنوان یک اثر اسمزی شناخته می شود) است. این امر تورم را کاهش می دهد و جریان لنفاوی را برای بهبود زخم تشویق می کند. همچنین، آب را از سلول های باکتریایی بیرون می کشد که می تواند در جلوگیری از تکثیر آنها موثر باشد.
عکس العمل های آلرژیک نسبت به درمان زخم با عسل
علائمی وجود دارد که احتمال حساسیت به عسل را نشان می دهد، عبارت اند از:
- سرگیجه
- تورم شدید
- حالت تهوع
- سوزش یا سوزش بعد از استفاده موضعی
- نفس کشیدن
- استفراغ
اگر این علائم را تجربه کردید، پوست خود را از عسل تمیز کرده و به دنبال مراقبت پزشکی باشید. تا زمانی که با پزشک مشورت نکردید، مجددا از عسل استفاده نکنید.
عوارض احتمالی مصرف عسل در درمان زخم ها
گاهی ممکن است که عسل یا ظرف آن آلوده باشد یا فرد بتواند یک واکنش آلرژیک نسبت به مصرف عسل داشته باشد، در نتیجه باعث تاثیر عکس در روند بهبود زخم ها می شود.
تحقیقات انجام شده درمان زخم ها با عسل
تحقیقات انجام شده توسط زایس پژوهشگر روسی
عسل برای درمان بافت ها و دانه های متورم چرکی که گاهی بدن فرد را فرا می گیرد و کار به جراحی کشیده می شود، مناسب است. با شکافتن دانه های متورم و ریختن عسل درون آنها به طوری که عسل به خوبی در شکاف زخم ها جای گرفته و طی ۲۴ ساعت محل زخم ها بهبود می یابد.
تحقیقات انجام شده در انگلستان در سال ۱۹۹۲
استفاده از ضماد عسل روی جراحت های باز عمل سزارین موفقیت آمیز گزارش شده، به طوری که بیماران نیاز به بخیه زدن محل جراحت ها پیدا نکرده اند و با این روش از خطر عمل جراحی رهایی یافتند.
مطالعات ابن سینا
ابن سینا نیز در کتاب خود با ارج نهادن به قانون پزشکی می نویسد که: عسل در درمان زخم های چرکی مؤثر است و مرهمی از عسل و آرد گندم را برای معالجه زخم ها تجویز می کند.
درمان زخم با عسل از دیدگاه پلین کهین نویسنده و طبیعی دان رومی
پلین کهین می نویسد روغن ماهی مخلوط با عسل تأثیر سودمندی روی زخم های عفونت یافته دارد. عسل از خونریزی زخم ها جلوگیری می کند و موجب انعقاد سریع خون می گردد، به همین علت است که می توان زخم های روی پوست را با مالیدن عسل روی آن بهبود بخشید. در آکادمی علوم شوروی سابق نیز درمان تبخال با عسل، موفقیت آمیز بوده است.
دکتر کیارش ساعتچی، محقق ایرانی
دکتر ساعتچی با اشاره به خواص آنتی بیوتیک عسل می نویسد:
چندین هزار سال پیش مصریان باستان کشف کردند که با عسل می توان جراحات را درمان کرد. از این رو پمادهایی که با عسل تهیه می شد در درمان جراحت سربازان جنگی مورد استفاده قرار می گرفت. به عقیده وی، امروزه به علت مقاوم شدن اکثر میکروب ها به آنتی بیوتیک های موجود، استفاده از عسل در پزشکی مجددا مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، به طوری که بر اساس مطالعات انجام شده توسط متخصصان دانشگاه بن در آلمان حتی اغلب زخم های کهنه عفونی و آلوده به باکتری، پس از مدت کوتاهی بر اثر درمان با عسل التیام می یابند.
خواص عسل برای بیمارانی که تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفته اند.
بر اساس یک بررسی تحقیقاتی که در ژورنال بین المللی بالینی انجام شده است، به جراحان توصیه می شود هنگام ترمیم زخم ها، از عسل نیز غافل نشوند و بیمارانی که تحت عمل جراحی قرار گرفته اند باید از پزشک خود سؤال کنند که آیا برای تسریع در روند بهبود زخم ها و کاهش عفونت های خود از عسل استفاده کنند یا خیر.
درمان زخم های دیابتی با عسل
عسل دارای چندین خاصیت است از جمله میزان رطوبت کم، اسید گلوکونیک که یک محیط اسیدی ایجاد می کند و پراکسید هیدروژن که باعث می شود زخم در برابر رشد باکتری ها مقاومت نشان دهد. همچنین نشان داده شده است که باعث کاهش التهاب و تورم می شود.
محققان همچنین گزارش داده اند که استفاده از عسل می تواند برای کاهش میزان قطع عضو در بیماران دیابتی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.
خواص عسل برای زخم از دیدگاه امام کاظم (ع)
امام کاظم (ع) فرموده است: عسل برای بیماران، شفای عاجل و قاطع است.
سال ها قبل از اینکه انسان پی به وجود عوامل میکروبی مانند: باکتری ها، قارچ ها و کپک ها ببرد، عسل در عمليات جراحی و معالجه سوختگی ها استفاده می شد. بر اساس اطلاعاتی که امروزه در مورد عفونت ها در دسترس است، پاره ای از ادعاها درباره اثرات معجزه آسای عسل در معالجه زخم ها قابل توجیه است.
عسل تراوش هایی از خود بیرون می دهد که به اندازه کافی همه جای زخم را می پوشاند و از تغییر شکل و چروکیدگی بافت ها و جای زخم جلوگیری می کند.
هشدار
روش مصرف عسل بر روی زخم ها
اگر زخم یا سوختگی دارید که بهبود نمی یابد، حتما قبل از استفاده از عسل برای زخم خود با پزشک متخصص مشورت کنید.
در مورد درمان زخم عمیق بهتر است پزشک یا پرستار مراقبت از زخم به شما نشان دهند که بار اول عسل را چگونه استفاده کنید. این امر به این دلیل است که مقدار عسل و نحوه استفاده از پانسمان می تواند تاثیر بهتری در بهبود زخم ها داشته باشد.
نظر شما درباره درمان زخم با عسل چیست؟ آیا تجربه ای از مصرف عسل برای ترمیم زخم خود دارید؟ لطفا نظرات خود را در قسمت دیدگاه ها با ما در میان بگذارید.
45 دیدگاه برای “درمان زخم با عسل؛ نحوه استفاده و خطرات احتمالی آن! ”
سلام روی بخیه هم میشه زد برای عمل بینی
سلام من بر اثر تصادف لبم شکافته شد بعد از جراحی و بخیه زدن مزخص شدم توخونه سه چهارباری با عسل پانسمان کردم چند روز بعدش زخم شد و جای عمل هم نموند باورم نمیشه..
ممنون از سایت خوبتون
سلام من پام قطع شده بخیه ها خوب شد فقط بالا زخم شده عفونت داره کم چ عسلی بزنم لطفا بگین
سلام
ضمن مشورت با پزشک، استفاده از عسل آویشن و عسل کتیرا میتواند موثر باشد.
سلام پوست انگشت من کلا کنده شده با عسل طبیعی ومطمئن با اینکه به نوع عسل ونحوه استفاده آن توجه نکردم بعداز مدت کوتاهی پوست ترمیم شد تا جایی که هیچ اثری از زخم دیده نمیشود
مچکرم واقعا از این سایت اموزنده و نتیجه بخش دمتون گرم.🌹⚘
سلام من اره موتوری رویه رانم را ۵سانت برید؟ ۴۰ بخیه خورد با۲روز مالیدن عسل روی آن زخمم خوب شد.
سلام معجزه میکنه حتمآ استفاده بکنید.
من کیست موی داشتم قبل من دوستم گرفت و خودم پانسمانش میکردم هرچی کیفیت عسل بهتر باشه درمان بهتره دکتر گفت حدقل ۳ ماه زمان میبره کیست موی خیلی گود میکنن عسل طبیعی گرفتم کمتر ۲ ماه زخم جم کرد من کیست گرفتم و لیزر کردم و خیلی ترشع داشت داغونم کرده بود امتحانی عسل زدم زخمم تمیز تمیز کرد هرکی گفت خوب نیست گوش نکنید پماد عسل فایده نداره یعنی من معجزشو دیدم
سلام عسل رو از روز چندم شروع کردی طریقه استفاده چطور بود منتظر جواب هستم
طریقه استفاده شو بنویس منتظرم تا چند وقت بزنم
سلام.منم برای زخم پای پسرم استفاده کردم،امیدوارم خوب باشه.عیل طبیعی از زنبورستان خودم.
سلام, قند خواهرم همیشه بالاست بین ۳۰۰الی ۴۰۰, انگشتان پاهاش عفونت کرده بودن و سیاه, پزشکها گفتن باید قطع بشوند, بعدا یکی از پزشکها توانست با عسل طبیعی و پودر جفت (پوست بلوط) روی زخم بصورت مرهم مالید و جراحت بطور معجزه اسا بهبود پیدا کرد
خداروشکر
سلام من جدیدا توسط گاز گرفتگی یه انسان که نمیشه اسم انسانو روش گذاشت از ناحیه گونه آسیب دیدم و از عسل استفاده کردم امیدوارم جواب بده 😔
آره خوبه بزن عسل طبیعی ن بازاری
بعد دوماه مصرف دارو و آمپول و پماد تغییری در محل عفونت زخم که در اثر سوختگی ایجاد شده بود صورت نگرفت اما با ترکیب عسل خوب و نمک دریایی اثر خوب شدن و رفع عفونت کمتر از دو روز بروز داده شد
من کیست مویی جراحی کردم عسل برای درمال خوبه استفاده کنم چه نوع عسلی باشه
سلام من حجامت کردم همین پنجشنبه گذشته بعد کبود شده بود و کمي تاول زد بعداز حجامت گرها سوال کردم بلافاصله عسل روي زخم مالیدم خدا رو شکر اثر کبودی رو درمان کرد حتي زخم هااااااااای تیغ حجامت رو داره جمع میکنه سعي کنيد حتمآ عسلتون اصلي باشه
سلام من زخم های عمیق شوهرم و پسرم را با عسل درمان کردم عسل هم از خونریزی جلوگیری میکند وهم به التیام زودتر زخم کمک زیادی میکند
سلام برای خو ب شدن زخم شکر هم همین کار را می کند سریعا جای زخم جوش می دهد پس طبیعی بودن عسل زیاد مهم نیست
من باکار کردن با وایتکس نوک انگشتانم سوخت و پوست کاملا نازک شد بطوری اثر انگشت از بین رفت عسل مالیدم و نیم ساعت روش گذاشتم وبعد شستم سریعا سوزش ودرد قطع شد وپوست به حالت طبیعی برگشت واثر انگشت ظاهر شد به نظر من عسل غذایی است برای رشد سلولها و سلولهای بنیادی رافعال می کند برای ترمیم باتشکر
من عمل آپاندیسیت انجام دادم بعد از ترخیص از بیمارستان سه بار زخمم رو با عسل پانسمان کردم بعد از بهبودی و به طور شگفت انگیزی حتی جای تیغ جراحی روی پوست به سختی قابل روئیت شده.
خراش ناخن برروی صورت با عسل خوب میشه البته از عسلم مطمئن نیستم کاملا طبیعی باشه
سلام من یه عمل جراحی داشتم قسمتی ازش عفونت کردم و مثل زخم بستر شد با عسل اصل کنار به سرعت بهبود پیدا کرد
سلام عسل واقعا معجزه می کنه پای مادرم آبسه کرده بود تخلیه کردن به عمق ۸سانت با زدن عسل به طور معجزه آسا مقدار قابل توجهی زخم بهود پیدا کرد۰
سلام تو گردنم توده بود عمل کردم چهار روزه الان عفونت کرده عسل خوبه
همانطور که دربالا نیز ذکر شده است عسل برای درمان زخم ها موثر است.
با توجه به شرایط عفونی زخم ، قبل از مصرف با پزشک معالج مشورت کنید.
سلام
عسل در درمان سوختگی به طرز شگفت انگیزی مؤثر است من بارها وبارها استفاده کردم حتی در سوختگی های شدید و سرعت بهبودی شگفت انگیز بود
در بریدگی هم استفاده کردم و نتیجه عالی بود
سلام من عمل جراحی تاندون دست داشتم .بعد بخیه زدن ،اومدم عسل گزاشتم، دکترهاگفته بودند که یک ماه خوب میشه.اما عسل ۱۵روزه خوب کرد، دکترم باور نمی کرد با عسل خوبش کردم .
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01, it was let into the World Trade Organization – effectively earning the country membership into the Western club of developed nations. Those nations, particularly the United States, presumed that China would thus become more “Westernized” and respect the status quo. In fact, what has happened, is that China has taken over a lot of what the US used to control.
For example, at the beginning of the 21st century, the US was the dominant trading partner of every Asian nation; now that position belongs to China. According to Allison, the Harvard prof and conceiver of The Thucydides Trap, this is like a red cape to a charging bull. Ruling powers do not like to be challenged.
“When a rising power threatens to displace a ruling power, this creates a dangerous dynamic in which both the rising and ruling powers are vulnerable to third-party provocations that would, in normal conditions, be inconsequential or easily managed but that can trigger a spiral to a result neither of the primary competitors wanted,” Allison told the 2019 Harvard Alumni China Public Policy Forum in Beijing this March, in a speech titled ‘How to Escape the Thucydides Trap’.
The Gospel of Xi
It might be hard for Westerners to understand the Chinese perspective. We know the Chinese government wants to have better lives for its citizens, to become richer, to have better jobs, higher-educated kids, more brand-name stores, etc. Essentially, to become more like us. Isn’t that the goal of every developing nation? Well yes, and no.
In China’s case, it goes much further than that. Chinese leaders see their country as a lost empire that needs to be regained, respected, both loved and feared. They want China to assume its rightful place in the world; for them, this means the most powerful, envied and emulated nation on earth.
Back in 2014, before all this hubbub over tariffs, an important book was published in China. It was called ‘The Governance of China’, a collection of political theories by President Xi Jinping.
Chinese media claim over 5 million copies have been sold worldwide, though few in North America have probably seen or read it. Perhaps they should though, as it contains some valuable insights into the mind of China’s most powerful leader since Deng Xiaoping.
In the West we tend to think of our leaders as temporary. Not so in China. Last year the Chinese Communist Party voted to abolish presidential term limits, allowing Xi to stay on indefinitely as leader, and to implement his agenda. It’s every dictator’s dream.
But a nightmare for the rest of us. In a book review published by The Atlantic, author Benjamin Carlson, Beijing correspondent for Agence France-Press. describes Xi’s ideology, or “Xiism”:
What emerged for me was Xiism—what I’d describe as an ethno-nationalist variant of Marxism, which holds that the people of China are heirs to a unique civilization and a utopian destiny that entitle them to a privileged position in the world. This destiny can only be achieved by following the moral leadership of Xi Jinping, who in his person (due to his birth and upbringing) embodies the virtues of the people and is their champion.
If Xi’s program is duly followed, Xiism promises a pinnacle of prosperity in 2049—precisely 100 years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China—at which point Xi avers that the Communist Party will “solve all the country’s problems” and the Chinese Dream will be fulfilled. China will be “strong, democratic, culturally advanced, and harmonious,” he vows, adding that in his view, “realizing the great renewal of the Chinese nation is the greatest dream in modern history.”
A knowledge of history is important here. Hundreds of year ago China was the undisputed ruler of North Asia. Chinese history is a series of dynasties. The last dynasty was the Qing, or Manchu; the Qing held power for 268 years, from 1644 to 1912. At the peak of its empire the Qing controlled 13 million square kilometers of territory including parts of modern-day Vietnam, Myanmar, Tibet, India and North Korea. Among its major achievements were an expansion of foreign trade, the creation of vast encyclopedias (the Imperial Encyclopaedia written between 1700 and 1725 reportedly contained 10,000 volumes), a large body of literature, development of the Peking Opera, and advances in painting, porcelain and printing.
In this context, President Xi’s recent visit to a rare earths plant, and a speech he made urging comrades to dig in for the long and difficult road ahead, makes perfect sense. The symbolism was clear: Even if the trade war lasts decades, the equivalent of the Long March of 1934 which preceded the emergence of the Chinese Communist Party and Mao Zedong, China will ultimately prevail. When it does, Xi will be the leader of “a new China” in much the same way as Chairman Mao.
Also notable in Xi’s book is the near-complete absence of the United States. In Xi’s world, the US, writes Carlson, is neither friend nor “partner” in non-confrontation. Rather, the US is seen as an insignificant, faraway blip, and countries that China can manage mostly without fear (Russia) or regard benevolently as obedient tributaries (Tanzania) fill the void.
The book is also a testament to the construction of Xi’s persona, and how the state is tapping into both imperial tradition and lingering nostalgia for Red China to present the Chinese leader as everything to everybody: a Marxist messiah for leftists, a people’s emperor for peasants, and a righteous, thundering Jeremiah for urban constituencies fed up with corruption.
This is the Gospel of Xi.
Powerful stuff. There are of course historical parallels. Russia’s diminishment to a middle European power with an economy around the size of France longs, in the hands of a strong leader like Putin, to get Mother Russia back. Annexing Crimea was a good start. Or inter-war Germany which was so punished by the Allies after World War I, that the ground was ideal for National Socialism to take root.
Allison looks at history from a different, though related lens. He believes nations act purely out of self-interest (in this respect he is in the tradition of Thomas Hobbes, who wrote “life is nasty, brutish and short”) and that conflict is pretty much inevitable when a powerful up-and-comer nation is trying to usurp the incumbent country’s dominance.
The Thucydides Trap
This is what Allison refers to as the Thucydides Trap. Its namesake was a Greek historian who gave an account of the Peloponnesian Wars in the 5th century BC, between Sparta, the champion, and Athens, the challenger.
Thucydides concluded “it was the rise of Athens and the fear that this instilled in Sparta that made war inevitable”. Why couldn’t they just work out their differences? According to the theory it’s this unique situation – where a zero-sum mentality forms in the minds of the pursuer and the pursued, characterized by overconfidence of the rising power, and loss of confidence/ paranoia of the declining hegemon – that causes the powers to fall into the “trap” of war.
Allison combs through 500 years of history to come up with 16 examples of the Thucydides trap; of these, an astonishing 12 examples resulted in war – or 75%.
His main focus is to outline where the US and China are with respect to realpolitik, or practical considerations, and how to avoid war. The signs are not good.
Writing in The Atlantic, Allison states that “Based on the current trajectory, war between the United States and China in the decades ahead is not just possible, but much more likely than recognized at the moment.” That was written in 2015, before the trade war started, so the case for war is even stronger now.
According to Allison, events that could make two nations fall into the trap may be small, “business as usual” conflicts that, if they occurred in a different dynamic, would lead to nothing. For example, the assassination of archduke Ferdinand, a relatively obscure and minor figure, was the spark that lit a whole conflagration of events that plunged Germany, an ascendant maritime power, into war with Britain, whose Royal Navy ruled the seas for decades. Consider the current conflicts between the Chinese and US navies in the South China Sea and the Taiwan Strait. It would not take much – say a collision between two warships – to ignite the powder keg of war.
However, for the threat to be taken seriously, the rising power must have the capability to take on the incumbent power. Henry Kissinger, the US former secretary of state, wrote that “once Germany achieved naval supremacy … this in itself – regardless of German intentions – would be an objective threat to Britain, and incompatible with the existence of the British Empire.”
Again the current situation doesn’t bode well. China has bulked up its military and it now spends more on its armed forces than any other country in the world except the United States. And changes are occurring with China’s military institutions. In a feature article titled ‘The China Challenge: Marshall Xi’ Reuters writes that President Xi has refashioned the People’s Liberation Army, the PLA, into a force that is rapidly closing the gap on US firepower. In fact, the US could even lose, if the two sides were to meet in combat:
In just over two decades, China has built a force of conventional missiles that rival or outperform those in the U.S. armory. China’s shipyards have spawned the world’s biggest navy, which now rules the waves in East Asia. Beijing can now launch nuclear-armed missiles from an operational fleet of ballistic missile submarines, giving it a powerful second-strike capability. And the PLA is fortifying posts across vast expanses of the South China Sea, while stepping up preparations to recover Taiwan, by force if necessary.
For the first time since Portuguese traders reached the Chinese coast five centuries ago, China has the military power to dominate the seas off its coast. Conflict between China and the United States in these waters would be destructive and bloody, particularly a clash over Taiwan, according to serving and retired senior American officers. And despite decades of unrivaled power since the end of the Cold War, there would be no guarantee America would prevail.
Indeed the US appears to be girding for such a military challenge. Bloomberg reports that the Pentagon has been working to overhaul the “two-war” defense strategy that has been the playbook for the last couple of decades – in other words, preparing to fight one major war as opposed to two smaller conflicts simultaneously. The one-war strategy is rooted in the idea that defeating a great-power adversary like China or Russia would be more difficult than anything the US has done in decades, and is a 180 degree shift from the DoD’s focus on counter-terrorism that has dominated the thinking since 9/11.
The U.S. is now building a force not around the demands of two regional conflicts with rogue states, but around the requirements of winning a high-intensity conflict with a single, top-tier competitor — a war with China over Taiwan, for instance, or a clash with Russia in the Baltic region.
There is plenty of serious thinking behind this shift. The new strategy is meant to signal unambiguously – to allies, competitors and the Pentagon bureaucracy – that the U.S. is now focusing squarely on great-power competition and the immense challenges it presents for a force that has been preoccupied with counterterrorism and counterinsurgency for nearly two decades. It recognizes that America’s military advantages vis-à-vis China and Russia have eroded gravely, and that the Defense Department will need new high-tech capabilities and creative operational concepts to defeat either country should war break out.
Back to Allison, the Harvard prof and author agrees that The preeminent geostrategic challenge of this era is not violent Islamic extremists or a resurgent Russia. It is the impact that China’s ascendance will have on the U.S.-led international order, which has provided unprecedented great-power peace and prosperity for the past 70 years.
For those who doubt that China is big enough or strong enough to displace the United States as the top power in Asia, Allison invokes Lee Kuan Yew, who ruled Singapore for three decades, was a mentor to Chinese leaders since the late 1970s, and up to his recent death, was the world’s most prominent China-watcher.
LKY, as he was known, put the odds of China continuing to grow at rates several times greater than the United States over the next decade or so as “four chances in five.” As for China displacing the US, Singapore’s strongman leader reportedly said, Of course. Why not … how could they not aspire to be number one in Asia and in time the world?” And about accepting its place in an international order designed and led by America, he said absolutely not: “China wants to be China and accepted as such – not as an honorary member of the West.
Allison concludes by asking, where does this rivalry stand today? Right on track. If Thucydides were watching he would say this looks like the grandest rising power I ever saw, accelerating towards the most colossal ruling power I ever saw. Well, we’ve got an unstoppable force and an immovable object. I’m looking forward to seeing the grandest collision of all times. I think that’s what he would say. The strategic rationale, in particular, that gave a picture of what would be U.S.-China relations would be, has collapsed both in Washington and in Beijing.
Other credible sources agree that a confrontation between the United States and China is a very real possibility. The Belfer Center from Harvard’s Kennedy School of Government opines:
Today, as an unstoppable China approaches an immovable America and both Xi Jinping and Donald Trump promise to make their countries “great again,” the seventeenth case looks grim. Unless China is willing to scale back its ambitions or Washington can accept becoming number two in the Pacific, a trade conflict, cyberattack, or accident at sea could soon escalate into all-out war.
And economics professor Nouriel Roubini, known for predicting The Great Recession, notes in Project Syndicate that a trade war now threatens to escalate into a permanent state of mutual animosity. This is reflected in the Trump administration’s National Security Strategy, which deems China a strategic “competitor” that should be contained on all fronts.
A full-scale cold war thus could trigger a new stage of de-globalization, or at least a division of the global economy into two incompatible economic blocs. In either scenario, trade in goods, services, capital, labor, technology, and data would be severely restricted, and the digital realm would become a “splinternet,” wherein Western and Chinese nodes would not connect to one another.
Stumbling into war
So how might it happen? According to Allison, it would be the perfect storm of misperceptions or miscalculation, combined with politics, wherein the risk of letting your opponent out-flank you to the right on a national security issue, forces the governing party to become even more hawkish, and take on more risk:
So stack these three things on top of each other, reality, perception, politics, and this creates a huge vulnerability to some extraneous action or some third party action, that becomes a trigger that produces a spiral that produces the war.
Allison argues that, in order to avoid the trap, the two nations need to recognize the danger of a shooting war, then find a way(s) to avoid it. However, not everyone agrees that the Thucydides Trap is the right paradigm for our times, nor that avoiding conflict is the way forward.
In a 2017 op-ed piece published in The Strait Times, Arthur Waldron, a professor of international relations at the University of Pennsylvania, called Allison’s book “baffling academic farrago.” Waldron thinks Allison has “China fever” for his various praises of the Middle Kingdom, and believes that turning the other cheek as Allison suggests the ascendant power should do, is actually a recipe for war.
He compares Obama’s failed “pivot to Asia” during the 2000s – whereby the former administration was unable to stop China from creating fortified islands in the South China Sea, and North Korea from shooting off test missiles – with the Munich Agreement of 1938, that forever tainted Neville Chamberlain, Britain’s then-PM, with the brush of appeasement for ceding Czechoslovakia’s Sudentenland to Nazi Germany. He calls this the “Chamberlain Trap”:
“Appeasement of aggressors is far more dangerous than measured confrontation.” Waldron writes. “Did China become more aggressive in the South China Sea in the 2000s because the Obama administration got tougher or because it went AWOL on the issue? I’d say the latter is more likely.
With China, we might want to be more mindful of the Chamberlain Trap (named after the peace-loving prime minister of England, one of the authors of the disastrous 1938 Munich Agreement that sought to avoid war through concessions), which taught Hitler that the British were easily fooled. That is the trap we are in urgent need of avoiding.
Trade war to currency war
We have been speaking ominously of some type of armed confrontation between the US and China. So far however all the bullets that have been fired have been shaped like dollar signs. The situation as it stands, is we have a trade war, becoming more and more intractable, as it becomes tied to technology (Google said on Wednesday it is shifting production of US-bound motherboards out of China and into Taiwan. Huawei, the Chinese tech giant, is not counting on a trade war settlement and is reportedly shifting supply chains and making other preparations for a prolonged fight.)
Two options at Beijing’s disposal are to sell US Treasuries, of which China is by far the dominant holder, and to “weaponize” the yuan. The US could also devalue the dollar.
A large-scale sale of US debt on the bond market would cause US interest rates to rise, bond prices to tank and yields to go ballistic. The latter would exacerbate federal budget deficits, because interest payments would rise on the national debt.
The US dollar would plummet, as a loss of confidence in the greenback ripped through the global economy.
Regarding devaluation, it has recently come up for discussion whether China should knock down the yuan as a way to pressure the United States into making a trade deal.
While China’s central bank has been pursuing a policy of propping up the yuan’s value as the country shifts from an export-driven to a consumer-oriented economy, Forbes quotes Chen Long, a China economist at consultancy Gavekal Dragonomics, stating it is now in Beijing’s best interest to let the yuan slide:
“The renminbi exchange rate is one of the most powerful weapons Beijing has in the trade war with the U.S.,” Chen wrote in a report. Chen argues that a weaker yuan would support China’s exporters. While China’s importers would be worse off, the benefits outweigh the costs because China is a net exporter. But, more importantly, a depreciated renminbi [aka the yuan] could rattle global markets and, consequently, pressure Trump to switch tack.
We’ve now reached the point in time when
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行内记录进行自行检查，一旦这些银行发现存在不当行为的证据必须即刻上报。德意志银行正花费数百万美元来彻底检查交易员的电子邮件和聊天会话记录，力求找到有关特定日期、短语和关键词等内容。但到目前为止，德意志银行和花旗银行都没有向CFTC递交任何材料。截至记者发稿时，CFTC、德意志银行和花旗集团均没有对此报道内容置评。
据悉，包括美国、英国、瑞士等地区的监管机构已采取行动，对潜在的汇市操纵展开调查。巴克莱、花旗、苏格兰皇家银行、摩根大通等大型银行都已经卷入各种调查，或者被监管机构要求自查。
肥胖会不会影响白癜风的好转
治疗癫痫的一些经济方法有哪些北京癫痫病医院治疗癫痫的方法有哪些
牛皮癣用什么药物治疗鹤岗专家告诉你
成都医院介绍得了白癜风怎么饮食才算正确Back in Chapter 9, "Strings, Numbers and Variables," we discussed different data types, including variables. Variables can hold one piece of data or another data type, including another variable. Like variables, arrays can hold any type of data, including strings, integers, and Booleans. They can also hold other data types, including variables and other arrays (called nested arrays), which we will discuss later in this chapter.
In this chapter, we will go over what an array is, how to create one, and how to retrieve, manipulate, and delete data from arrays with an applied example at the end.
So let's jump right in and see what makes up an array.Aetna considers the following autotransfusion and cell saver devices medically necessary for procedures that may deplete blood volume:
Aetna considers autotransfusion and cell saver devices experimental and investigational for all other indications because their effectiveness for indications other than the ones listed above has not been established.
Note: Autotransfusion and cell saver devices are not considered medically necessary for members undergoing procedures that are expected to require less than 2 units of blood.
Examples of procedures that may involve major blood loss and may require autologous blood transfusions or the use of autotransfusers include, but are not limited to:
An autotransfuser is a mechanical device that is used in the process of collecting and re-infusing blood lost from hemorrhage. Different forms of autologous transfusers include intra-operative, emergency, or post-operative salvage devices and hemodilution devices used to re-infuse a patient's own blood.
Many people have safety concerns about receiving transfusions of donated blood. "Cell salvage" with autotransfusion is a technique designed to reduce the need for such transfusions. The technique involves collecting blood from surgical sites, to be transfused back into the person during or after surgery if necessary. The blood is either "washed" before transfusion or transfused directly after being filtered (unwashed). Risks from cell salvage include infection and blood clotting problems.
Autologous blood transfusion or the use of autotransfusers are contraindicated in blood exposed to bacteria (an infected wound or blood with fecal contamination) or in blood with malignant cells.
A meta-analysis of studies of cell savers in cardiac and orthopedic surgery (Huet et al, 1999) found that both devices that wash and do not wash salvaged blood decrease the proportion of patients who receive a peri-operative allogeneic transfusion. These investigators found, however, that the post-operative use of devices that do not wash salvaged blood in cardiac surgery was only marginally effective. The authors noted that cell salvage did not appear to increase adverse events, although side-effects were inconsistently reported and the number of patients studied was relatively small.
A Cochrane evidence review (Carless et al, 2003) found evidence suggesting that cell salvage reduces the need for transfusions of donated blood. However, the investigators concluded that better quality research is needed to assess the cost-effectiveness of cell salvage across a range of surgical settings compared to other blood-sparing techniques.
Reitman et al (2004) evaluated the necessity and cost-effectiveness of the use of Cell Saver for adult lumbar spine fusions. These investigators concluded that while patients in the Cell Saver group did require fewer post-operative transfusions, the difference was not as much as expected. In elective fusions for degenerative conditions of the lumbar spine, blood requirements can usually be satisfied with pre-donation of autologous blood. With contemporary practices of pre-donation, the use of the Cell Saver appears to be neither necessary nor cost-effective during most elective lumbar fusions.
Gause et al (2008) examined the effectiveness of using intra-operative Cell Saver in decreasing the need for blood transfusion. Data were collected from 188 patients undergoing consecutive instrumented lumbar laminectomy and fusion. A total of 141 of these patients had Cell Saver used during their procedures, whereas 47 did not. In addition, previously published data from similarly treated patients were used for analysis. Operative blood loss, autologous and allogeneic blood transfusions, discharge hematocrit, and patient factors were analyzed. A significant increase in the number of blood transfusions was found in the Cell Saver group, which also had a significantly increased blood loss compared with the non-Cell Saver group. Using analysis of co-variance, these investigators determined the effect of blood loss on the need for transfusion. The results showed that correcting for blood loss eliminated the significance in the transfusion difference, but Cell Saver still was not able to decrease the transfusion need. Comparing their current results with their previously published results also demonstrated no benefit of Cell Saver use. The authors concluded that the use of Cell Saver in instrumented lumbar fusion cases was not able to decrease the need for blood transfusion. Furthermore, Cell Saver use was associated with a significantly higher blood loss.
In a retrospective review, Scannell et al (2009) examined if Cell Saver use in patients with acetabular fractures reduces the volume or rate of allogeneic blood transfused intra-operatively and post-operatively and if this translated to a decrease in blood-related charges to the patient. A total of 186 patients with operatively treated acetabular fractures were included in this study. All patients underwent open reduction internal fixation of their acetabular fracture. The decision to use Cell Saver was at the surgeon's discretion. The volume and rate of intra-operative and post-operative allogeneic blood transfused and blood-related charges were evaluated. Cell Saver was used in 60 cases (32 %), and the average volume of blood autotransfused was 345 ml. No differences were observed in the rates (58.3 % versus 48 %, p = 0.1883) or the mean volumes (770 versus 518 ml, p = 0.0537) of intra-operative and post-operative allogeneic blood transfusions between the Cell Saver and the non-Cell Saver groups. Total blood-related charges in the Cell Saver group were significantly higher than that in the non-Cell Saver group ($1,958 versus $694, p < 0.0001). Sub-analyses based on fracture pattern, injury severity score, body mass index, days to surgery, and estimated blood loss were performed. In each sub-analyses, no differences were observed in intra-operative and post-operative transfusion rates and volumes, and total blood-related charges were higher in the Cell Saver groups. The authors concluded that in the routine use of Cell Saver in acetabular surgery, there was no reduction in the volume or rate of allogeneic blood transfused intra-operatively or post-operatively. However, blood-related charges were significantly increased.
In a systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials, Wang et al (2009) examined the overall safety and effectiveness of cell salvage in cardiac surgery. Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, and abstract databases were searched up to November 2008. All randomized trials comparing Cell Saver use and no Cell Saver use in cardiac surgery and reporting at least 1 pre-defined clinical outcome were included. The random effects model was used to calculate the odds ratios (OR, 95 % confidence intervals [CI]) and the weighted mean differences (WMD, 95 % CI) for dichotomous and continuous variables, respectively. A total of 31 randomized trials involving 2,282 patients were included in the meta-analysis. During cardiac surgery, the use of an intra-operative Cell Saver reduced the rate of exposure to any allogeneic blood product (OR 0.63, 95 % CI: 0.43 to 0.94, p = 0.02) and red blood cells (OR 0.60, 95 % CI: 0.39 to 0.92, p = 0.02) and decreased the mean volume of total allogeneic blood products transfused per patient (WMD -256 ml, 95 % CI: -416 to -95 ml, p = 0.002). There was no difference in hospital mortality (OR 0.65, 95 % CI: 0.25 to 1.68, p = 0.37), post-operative stroke or transient ischemia attack (OR 0.59, 95 % CI: 0.20 to 1.76, p = 0.34), atrial fibrillation (OR 0.92, 95 % CI: 0.69 to 1.23, p = 0.56), renal dysfunction (OR 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.41 to 1.80, p = 0.70), infection (OR 1.25, 95 % CI: 0.75 to 2.10, p = 0.39), patients requiring fresh frozen plasma (OR 1.16, 95 % CI: 0.82 to 1.66, p = 0.40), and patients requiring platelet transfusions (OR 0.90, 95 % CI: 0.63 to 1.28, p = 0.55) between Cell Saver and non-Cell Saver groups. The authors concluded that current evidence suggests that the use of a cell saver reduces exposure to allogeneic blood products or red blood cell transfusion for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Sub-analyses suggest that a Cell Saver may be beneficial only when it is used for shed blood and/or residual blood or during the entire operative period. Processing cardiotomy suction blood with a Cell Saver only during cardiopulmonary bypass has no significant effect on blood conservation and increases fresh frozen plasma transfusion.
Savvidou et al (2009) examined the use of cell saver blood autotransfusion in spinal surgery and evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of cell saver blood autotransfusion during lumbar spine fusion in adults. A total of 50 consecutive candidates for postero-lateral fusion with internal fixation were prospectively randomized into either receiving peri-operatively cell saving autotransfusion (group A: 25 patients) or not (group B: 25 patients). The use of cell saving technique did not exclude the use of allogenic blood transfusion. Surgical indications were spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis, adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, degenerative scoliosis and fractures. Medical and financial data were recorded. A cost-analysis was performed. Patients in group A received 880 +/- 216 ml from cell saver and 175 +/- 202 ml allogenic blood. The patients in group B received 908 +/- 244 ml allogenic blood. Blood volumes data collected were expressed in mean +/- SD values. The cost of blood transfusion in group A was 995 +/- 447 Euro per patient and 1,220 +/- 269 in group B (p < 0.05). The authors concluded that in elective lumbar fusion blood requirements can be satisfied with the use of autotransfusion. The use of cell saver appears to be useful and cost-effective during most elective lumbar fusions.
Bowen et al (2010) examined the effectiveness of intra-operative cell salvage systems in pediatric idiopathic scoliosis patients undergoing posterior spinal fusion with segmental spinal instrumentation. A total of 54 consecutive patients were studied: 21 non-cell saver and 33 cell saver patients. Data included age, body mass index, Cobb angle, peri-operative hemoglobin levels, mean arterial pressure, surgical time, levels fused, peri-operative estimated blood loss, and peri-operative transfusions. A Chi square and t- tests were performed for intra-operative and peri-operative allogeneic transfusion between groups. A regression analysis was performed between selected co-variates and allogeneic transfusion. Relative risk analysis examined significant co-variates regarding allogeneic transfusion rate. Allogeneic transfusion rates were lower in the cell saver group (6 % versus 55 % intra-operative and 18 % versus 55 % peri-operative, p < 0.05). Mean allogeneic transfusion volumes (ml/kg) were also lower (0.4 versus 9.1 intra-operative and 1.9 versus 11.1 peri-operative, p < 0.05). Multi-variate analysis confirmed these differences were independent of peri-operative blood loss, and also demonstrated that surgical time and blood loss were significantly related to allogeneic transfusion volume. The allogeneic transfusion relative risk was 2.04 in patients with surgery greater than 6 hours and 5.87 in patients not receiving cell saver blood. All patients with surgeries greater than 6 hours and estimated blood loss greater than 30 % of total blood volume received cell saver system blood. The authors concluded that cell saver use decreased allogeneic transfusion, particularly in surgeries greater than 6 hours with estimated blood loss greate than 30 % of total blood volume. This study confirmed the utility of routine cell saver use during posterior spinal fusion with segmental spinal instrumentation for idiopathic scoliosis.
Anderson and Panizza (2010) noted that endoscopic transnasal approaches to the skull base and intra-cranial disease are an emerging subspecialty. The limits of this approach are often dictated by exposure and blood loss. Cell salvage techniques are widely used in other surgical fields. However, in otolaryngology, questions remain regarding its safety because work is performed in a contaminated field. These researcehers presented the evidence for peri-operative cell saver blood transfusion in potentially contaminated fields and the need for further investigation of its use in endonasal surgery. Medline and evidence-based medicine reviews databases were searched for relevant articles. All English articles discussing autologous blood transfusion in endonasal surgery were reviewed. Despite a wide search pattern, no articles that discuss this topic were found in the English literature. Therefore, these investigators went on to present data on the general use of cell saver blood in contaminated fields. The authors concluded that cell saver blood is widely accepted in surgery. It offers many advantages in elective operations in which blood loss is expected to be significant. Cell saver blood has been transfused from contaminated fields in other forms of surgery without an associated increase in morbidity. There is good evidence that antibiotic prophylaxis is mandatory in this setting. There is no direct evidence that cell salvage blood is safe in endonasal surgery.
Reyes and colleagues (2011) examined if the use of cell saver (CS) systems reduce the need of blood products in low-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Between February and June 2009, all low-risk patients (EuroSCORE less than 10 %) undergoing coronary or valve procedure were selected (n = 63). Exclusion criteria were: combined procedure, aorta procedure, redo surgery, emergency procedures, creatinine levels greater than 2 mg/ml, anemic patients and patients with a body surface area (BSA) less than 1.6 m2. Patients were randomized to undergo cardiac surgery with a CS system (group CS; n = 34) or without (control group [CO]; n = 29). All patients received tranexamic acid during the procedure. Need of blood products and clinical outcomes were analyzed in both groups. Mean age was 64.7+/- 12.3 years old with 33 % of female patients. Baseline clinical characteristics and pre-operative blood count cell were similar in both groups. Mean CS blood re-infused was 461 +/- 174 ml (maximum: 985; minimum: 259). A total of 59 red blood packages were transfused in 25 patients (mean of 1.02 +/- 1.3; range of 0 to 5). The proportion of patients being transfused was similar in both groups (CS: 40 % versus CO: 46.4 %; p = 0.79). Eleven plasma packages were transfused (CS: 8 versus CO: 3; p = 0.77) and 3 platelet pools were used in group CS and none in group CO (p = 0.08). Multi-variate analysis showed that pre-operative hemoglobin levels greater than 13.3 g/dL (relative risk [RR]: 0.29; CI: 0.09 to 0.99) and BSA greater than 1.74 (RR: 0.19; CI: 0.54 to 0.68) were protective against blood transfusion. The authors concluded that in low-risk patients CS system did not reduce the need of blood transfusion. Clinical outcomes were similar regardless of the use of a CS system. A low pre-operative hemoglobin level and a low BSA were related with the use of blood products.
The Society of Thoracic Surgeons and the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists' updated clinical practice guideline on "Blood Conservtion" (Ferraris et al, 2011) noted that during cardiopulmonary bypass, intra-operative autotransfusion, either with blood directly from cardiotomy suction or recycled using centrifugation to concentrate red cells, may be considered as part of a blood conservation program.
Shantikumar et al (2011) noted that abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repairs, both elective and rupture, are associated with significant blood loss often requiring transfusion. Cell-salvage autotransfusion has been developed to reduce the need for allogeneic blood. These investigators reviewed the literature to delineate the role of cell salvage in reducing allogeneic blood use in open AAA repairs. A systematic search of the English-language literature was performed using the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases up to August 2010. A total of 23 studies were identified. While some data are conflicting, cell salvage appears to reduce overall use and exposure to allogeneic blood, and reduces length of intensive care unit and hospital stay after elective AAA repairs. There may be additional benefit by combining cell salvage with other blood-conservation techniques. Use of cell salvage in ruptured AAA repairs consistently reduced blood-product requirements. The authors concluded that
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توان خود را برای آینده ای که رشد و جایگاه آن در فرازهای منطقه ای و بین المللی تعریف می شود، در آن مسیر حرکت می کند.
وی عنوان کرد: ما هم اکنون در مرحله بنیادین هستیم که تازه با پارک های علم و فناوری، استارت آپ ها و با شرکت های دانش بنیان شروع کرده ایم و یک مرحله نو آوری را تجربه می کنیم.
دکتر احمدی تاکید کرد: این نوید را می دهیم که چون ورود ما به این مرحله در تمام کشور همسان بوده، بنابراین دانشگاه های استان با سایر دانشگاه های کشور تفاوتی ندارند.
وی افزود: امروزه با دسترسی به اطلاعات از طریق فضای مجازی، دانشگاهی موفق است که توان خود را به شیوه های نوین تولید علم و تجاری سازی علم هدایت کند.
استاندار کهگیلویه و بویراحمد گفت: ما باید تلاش کنیم دانشگاه ها صرفا در تولید مقاله و یا کتاب متوقف نشوند بلکه با استفاده از ظرفیت های دانشمندان و نخبگان جوان به گونه ای ماموریت گرا و مسئله محور اولویت های جامعه را پیدا نموده و برای آنها راهکار ارائه دهیم.
وی هفته پژوهش را فرصت مناسبی برای خود نگری دانست و تصریح کرد: جامعه ای که به پژوهش توجه نکرده و بخشی از درآمد و توان اقتصادی خود را صرف پژوهش نمی کند، آینده پایداری نخواهد داشت.
دکتر احمدی تلنگر اول هفته پژوهش را توجه به نیازهای جامعه عنوان و تاکید کرد: همه مدیران، سرمایه گذاران بخش خصوصی و دانشگاهیان باید دست به دست هم داده و در جهت اعتلای استان و نیز کشور تلاش کنند.
استاندار کهگیلویه و بویراحمد گفت: دانشگاه ها باید نافع بودن خود را در انطباق با نیازها و نوسازی جامعه ببینند و مسئولین و مدیران دانشگاه ها را پشتیبانی کرده و بستر را برای ایجاد استقلال و عزت دانشگاه ها فراهم نمایند.
وی خاطر نشان کرد: امید است با ظرفیتی که نظام جمهوری اسلامی ایران برای تقویت زیر ساخت ها در حوزه آموزش عالی داشته، هفته پژوهش بستری باشد تا بتوانیم پیوند بین دانشگاه و صنعت را ایجاد نماییم.
دکتر احمدی همچنین پس از بازدید چند ساعته از نمایشگاه در مصاحبه با خبرنگار واحد خبر صدا وسیمای استان گفت: خوشحال هستم که نمایشگاه امسال به لحاظ کیفیت و تنوع حضور بخش های دولتی ، خصوصی و شرکت های دانش بنیان پربار تر از سال های گذشته است.
اختصاص 65 درصد غرفه های هفته پژوهش به بخش خصوصی
دبیر نمایشگاه هفته پژوهش و فناوری کهگیلویه وبویراحمد گفت: همزمان با هفته پژوهش، نمایشگاه پژوهش و فناوری استان همانند ساير استان های کشور برگزار شد.
دکتر سید شمس الدین هاشمی با بیان اینکه نمایشگاه هفته پژوهش متفاوت تر از سال های گذشته در حال برگزاری است، افزود: نمایشگاه اشتغال و کارآفرینی امسال به مجموعه نمایشگاه اضافه شد و هم اکنون در حال فعالیت هستند.
وی با بیان اینکه برای اولین بار 65 درصد غرفه های نمایشگاه به بخش خصوصی اختصاص یافت، اضافه کرد: در نمایشگاه امسال 25 غرفه متعلق به دانشگاه ها و دستگاه های دولتی است و 45 غرفه نیز براي شرکت های خصوصی در نظر گرفته شده است.
وی اظهار داشت: برای اولین بار شرکت های دانش بنیان و واحدهای فناور مستقر در پارک علم و فناوری حضور پرشوری در این نمایشگاه داشته اند.
دکتر هاشمی یادآور شد: به همت پارک علم و فناوری برای اولین بار در تاریخ برگزاری نمایشگاه، سالن محل برگزاری نمایشگاه مجهز به اینترنت نامحدود، برای غرفه داران و بازدید کنندگان شد.
وی با اشاره به اینکه 2هزار و 800 متر مربع فضا به نمایشگاه اختصاص یافته است، اظهار داشت: برای اولین بار هزینه برگزاری نمایشگاه نظام مند و قانونمند شد، به طوری که بخشی از این هزینه توسط غرفه داران تامین شد.
دبیر نمایشگاه هفته پژوهش و فناوری کهگیلویه وبویراحمد در پایان گفت: امیدواریم این نمایشگاه به ترویج فرهنگ فناوری، نوآوری و پژوهش در استان کمک کند و مدیران و سرمایه گذاران استان نیز در عمل به حوزه پژوهش و فناوری اعتماد کرده و مطمئن باشند که حوزه علم و فناوری در زندگی مردم نقش بسزایی خواهد داشت.The Task Is To Keep What Is Being Merged Free From Contaminants
Just like you don't blend eggs, flour, sugar and also butter hoping to get a cake except in cases where you first put it straight into a greased cake pan, plus next the oven, so it will be that with out sanitary mixing, you may not have repeatable outcomes within the form of prescription drugs, food items, drinks, biofuels, vaccines, and lots of other products which require aseptic mixing as an element of their particular manufacturing process.
One of many great problems in all of the industries wanting to produce sanitary merchandise regarding community consumption is that of preventing product as well as cell culture contaminants. There are lots of ways contamination is without a doubt passed on throughout biological and also laboratory settings, including by means of air flow programs, through the opening regarding doors and also by hitching rides on garments.
When contaminants comes about, not simply is a product altered but both time as well as funds suffer loss. Where cell cultures are involved, the key impurities of concern are yeast, bacteria and fungi. Cross contamination involving alternative products or cell lines can easily also often be of concern. The particular elimination of contamination is without a doubt a essential goal inside development configurations, as well as the particular use of closed, sanitary mixing equipment is normally one essential ingredient to achieving this objective.One of the best parts of life is change. One of the worst parts of life is change. How is that? As exciting as change can be, it can also be daunting, even frightening. Even a person who generally adapts well to change will experience apprehension about some of life’s changes at some point.
If we experience fear of change sometimes, what about our children?
Their lives are in a constant state of change. Just think about the physical changes they go through from infancy to adulthood. They’re also processing enormous amounts of new information and learning at a rapid pace. As a parent, you no doubt work hard to build in your children the resilience they will need to cope with these changes.
There are bigger changes that our children must adapt to. What about the loss of a parent or grandparent? Divorce? A parent remarrying? How can you help your children adapt to changes of this magnitude?
As a child, your son or daughter depends on you to help them make sense of major changes in their life. You must take the time to help them understand what is going on and adjust. The guiding principle here is to slow down and communicate.
Here are some key communication guidelines for parents:
Like all people, children need to know they are loved and cared for. It is also important for them to believe that someone needs and relies on them. They want to know their existence and presence makes a difference to other people. Listen to your children and support them. As kids navigate new situations and inevitable disappointments, they need to know that they’re not alone. Cultivate a warm, strong relationship.
Talk to them openly about what is happening, and give them opportunities to tell you how they feel, without criticism. Regardless of how you feel about the changes and how you are ready to proceed, you need to know what your child is thinking and feeling.
Be in tune with how each child is dealing with the changes in their life. There are no hard and fast rules when it comes to children. Each child is unique and has different strengths and weaknesses. Some can handle more than others. This means spending time with each of your children individually and allowing them to share their own feelings on the matter, separate from the rest of the family.
A key part of developing resilience and dealing with change is emotional management. Teach your kids that emotions are okay! It’s okay to feel. And it’s okay to feel differently than their parents about a situation. They need to know that what they share will be respected and safe.
Answer your child’s questions. Some of them may be painful. You may think your child isn’t old enough to understand. But honesty is vital when helping your children adapt to big changes in their lives. If they can’t get a straight answer from you, who can they turn to?
Be honest about your mistakes. Some big changes come because of mistakes made. Making mistakes is a part of life. Life is about learning something new every day. Sometimes those lessons cause pain, or even permanent scars. It is natural to not want your children to see those mistakes or experience any of the pain associated with them. But know this: whatever stress you are feeling as a parent, your children are feeling it as well.
Use the situation as a teaching tool. Demonstrate to your children that failure is not the end of the world. Show them that it is absolutely possible to pick yourself up, dust yourself off, and move on. Be honest with them about what is happening and why. If you are honest, it not only teaches your children a lesson, but it also helps them forgive and start to heal.Outer Banks 3. sezonunun galasına az kaldı! Yeni sezon yakında geliyor ve Netflix’te Outer Banks 3. sezonun çıkış tarihine sadece birkaç gün kaldı.
Outer Banks’in son sezonu Netflix’te yayınlanalı neredeyse iki yıl oldu. Outer Bank 2. sezonu 30 Temmuz 2021’de yayınlandı ve gençlik macerası serisinin bugüne kadarki en büyük sezonu oldu. Ancak 3. sezon sonunda hayranları Pogues ile yeniden bir araya getirecek.
Eğlenceli gerçek: 3. sezon izleme listelerimize düştüğünde, 30 Temmuz 2021’de Outer Banks 2. sezonu art arda izleyen hayranlar 3. sezonu izlemek için 573 gün beklemiş olacak! Bu, Netflix sezonları arasındaki en uzun boşluk değil ama hayranların bağlılığını kesinlikle kanıtlıyor.
John B, Sarah, Pope, Kie, JJ ve Cleo, aksiyon dolu yeni sezonun başlayacağı Poguelandia adlı özel (tamam, ıssız) adalarında bizi bekliyor. Peki yeni sezon Netflix’e hangi gün ve saatte geliyor?
Outer Banks 3. sezon Netflix’e hangi gün geliyor?
Outer Banks 3. sezonu, 23 Şubat 2023 Perşembe günü dünya çapında Netflix’te yayınlanacak. Netflix’in yeni sezonu Cuma yerine Perşembe günü yayınladığını fark edeceksiniz. Bu, spoiler için her zamankinden daha erken dikkat etmeniz gerektiği anlamına gelir, ancak hafta sonundan çok önce izlemeye başlayabilirsiniz.
Sevgililer Günü’ne yaklaşık bir hafta kalmış olsa da, Pogue’ların geçmişte yaşadığı tüm talihsizlikler hakkında hafızanızı tazelemek için ilk iki sezonu art arda izlemek için hala zamanınız var. Şimdilik 3. sezon fragmanına aşağıdaki videodan bir göz atın!
Netflix’te Outer Banks 3. sezon ne zaman?
Netflix, Outer Banks 3. sezonunu 23 Şubat Perşembe günü saat 12:00 PT’de yayınlıyor. İlk bölümü gece yarısı izlemek için 22 Şubat Çarşamba günü geç saatlere kadar ayakta kalabilirsiniz. Ancak bu, West Coasters’ın (ve cesur East Coasters’ın) Perşembe günü okulda veya işte biraz yorgun olacağı anlamına gelir.
Aşağıda, Outer Banks 3. sezonun sizin saat diliminizde Netflix’te yayınlanacağı zamana ilişkin birden çok yayınlanma saati bulabilirsiniz:
HST (Hawaii): 22 Şubat Çarşamba 21:01
Pasifik: 23 Şubat Perşembe 12:01
Dağ: 23 Şubat Perşembe 01:01
Merkez: 2:01, Perşembe, 23 Şubat
Doğu: 3:01, Perşembe, 23 Şubat
Britanya Yaz Saati: 23 Şubat Perşembe günü saat 08:01
23 Şubat Perşembe günü Netflix’te Outer Banks 3. sezonu izlemeye başlayacağınız için heyecanlı mısınız?What is patellar dislocation and instability?
The kneecap, or patella, runs in a groove (the trochlea) along the front of the knee. It is kept in place by the bony contours of this groove, as well as ligaments (soft tissue bands) that keep the patella from moving side to side. The kneecap can be forced out of its groove during a knee injury, causing the knee to become dislocated. Usually the kneecap slips back into place, but occasionally it does not and requires a trip to the emergency room to have it put back in place. In less severe cases, the kneecap can slip partially out of place and then quickly re-center itself (called a patellar subluxation).
What are the symptoms of patellar dislocation and instability?
There is often intense pain and swelling associated with a kneecap dislocation. Initially it may be difficult to stand or walk, resulting in the need for crutches during the early stages. If the instability becomes chronic, the kneecap may frequently slide (partially or completely) out of place. These episodes can become less painful but more frequent over time.
How are patellar dislocation and instability diagnosed?
Diagnosis is generally made through a discussion with your doctor and a thorough examination. Your sports medicine specialist will check how the kneecap runs in its groove, test how stable it is and look at the alignment of the kneecap. X-rays are used to look at the shape and structure of the kneecap and groove. An MRI is often used to look at the surface of the kneecap, as well as the kneecap ligaments.
How are patellar dislocation and instability treated?
After a kneecap dislocation, the individual may be placed in an immobilizer brace for a period of time to allow the patella to rest and heal. The good news is that most people who rehab appropriately after a first kneecap dislocation tend to not have recurrent problems. In the less common case of repetitive patellar dislocations, surgery can be done to stabilize the patella and prevent it from sliding out.Associate of Science - Engineering Studies
Engineering involves solving everyday problems to improve the lives of people through the practical application of sciences and mathematics. Engineers are shaping the future by applying their skills through research, development, and mass production to almost everything you can think of, from medicine to renewable energy, food technologies to sustainable mining. There really is no limit to what engineers can do.
The Engineering Studies Program at Columbus State University (CSU) offers a unique opportunity to earn a Bachelor degree in Engineering program that students might consider in the course of their career planning. Students will build a solid foundation in sciences, engineering, humanities, social sciences and mathematics. Learning takes place in a friendly, small college environment where students can obtain individual help from and maintain close contact with professors outside of classes.
The principal goals of the Columbus State University Engineering Studies Program are
- To prepare students to complete their engineering degrees at 4-year engineering institutions like Georgia Tech, University of Georgia. Kennesaw State University, Georgia Southern or Mercer University. Bachelor of Science degrees in many branches of engineering can be obtained through the Regents' Engineering Pathways Program (REPP),
- To provide engineering students to have the opportunity to earn associates of science degree in engineering , participate in internships, undergraduate research projects with faculty and,
- To grant students with a certificate in Robotics.
There are also a number of reasons why a student might select the Engineering Studies Program offered at CSU
- The program permits exposure to engineering studies before final commitment to a particular field of study, and such involvement will aid the student in visualizing the multiple educational opportunities open to him or her.
- Pre-engineering studies are conducted in general areas and are a preparation for a number of fields of advanced specialized study and leave opportunities open for change.
- Completion of the program provides an Associate of Science in Engineering Studies and flexibility to transfer to any engineering schools outside Georgia, although Regents' Engineering Pathway Program (REPP) is planned for continuation.
- A history of transfer student success to individual engineering schoolsآیا هر جا که می روید درد و رنج شما را دنبال می کند؟ تو تنها نیستی. از هر ۱۰ نفر هفت نفر می گویند که در طول فعالیت های روزمره دچار درد یا ناراحتی می شوند.
این بر اساس یک نظرسنجی اخیر از ۲۰۰۰ بزرگسال آمریکایی است که نشان می دهد تقریباً ۷۰ درصد از آمریکایی ها آرزو دارند می توانند یکی از اعضای بدن خود را با قسمت جدیدی جایگزین کنند که بهتر کار می کند.
اخیراً، هزارهها در واقع بیشتر به احتمال زیاد درد در حین فعالیتهای روزانه را نسبت به بچههای بومی بیان میکنند (۷۶٪ در مقابل ۵۹٪)، که نشان میدهد کار از راه دور در دو سال گذشته ممکن است یکی از عوامل مؤثر باشد. این را در نمودار زیر ببینید و در اینجا بیشتر بدانید.
صرف نظر از سن، تقریباً چهار نفر از هر ۱۰ نفر (۳۸٪) یک کمر جدید را انتخاب می کنند. تقریباً سه پنجم اضافه میکنند که «همیشه» یا «اغلب» بیشتر از آنچه در حال حاضر انجام میدهند به درد خود فکر میکنند.
این نظرسنجی که توسط OnePoll به نمایندگی از The Joint Chiropractic انجام شد، همچنین نشان داد که ۷۲ درصد طبق گزارشات امسال را به بهبود یک جنبه خاص از سلامت خود اختصاص خواهند داد. حفظ یک رژیم ورزشی به عنوان محبوب ترین هدف، (۳۴%)، بیشتر از اصلاح آمادگی ذهنی (۲۶%) و رژیم غذایی یا تغذیه (۲۰%) در صدر فهرست قرار دارد.
آمریکایی ها چگونه از دردها و دردهای خود تسکین می یابند؟
نیمی از آمریکایی ها (۴۹٪) گفتند که داروهای سنتی به تنهایی قادر به رفع احساسات استرس، درد و درد نیستند. پنجاه و هشت درصد اضافه می کنند که یافتن محصولی برای کمک به آنها دشوار است. این دلیل کافی بوده است تا از هر ۱۰ نفر، هفت نفر برای امتحان جایگزین های طبیعی بازتر شوند. افراد سعی کردهاند بیشتر بخوابند (۵۵%)، آب بیشتری بنوشند (۴۸%) و ماساژ بگیرند (۴۷%).
نیمی از نظرسنجی (۵۱٪) گفتند که حتی از ماده حشیش CBD برای تسکین استفاده کرده اند. از هر پنج نفر (۸۱ درصد) چهار نفر از کسانی که آن را امتحان کرده اند، گفته اند که تأثیر محسوسی بر سلامت آنها داشته است. از ۴۹ درصدی که گفته اند قبلاً هرگز CBD را امتحان نکرده اند، ۵۶ درصد به دلیل تصورات نادرست در مورد آنچه که CBD انجام می دهد، در امتحان آن مردد هستند. ارائه ویدیویی “درد در آمریکا” را در زیر ببینید – و در اینجا بیشتر بیاموز
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squirrels are particularly hungry in your neighborhood.
Sometimes it’s beneficial to jump in with both feet, but growing a garden can be tricky, so start with something small and manageable. If you master what you’ve got this year, when the time comes around again next year, you can increase your production.
Follow these easy gardening tips and your plants will be booming by the time Earth Day rolls around!安徽芜湖警方在小区地下仓库查获200箱假酒箱子外面标着胡萝卜
”他在爱工作,像他那样看着她。”好吧。不是猜测。””这个答案她非常感兴趣。她把牛奶倒进杯里,搅拌。”当我还是个小女孩,他们销售的由女性仍挺立在明亮tignons谁把它们编织柳篮,他们平衡的头上。有时我会在法国市场与我们的厨师,如果我是特别好的,她将给我买一把。”””这听起来像是一块真正的老新奥尔良。”””我不可以吃一块了,但有时莉莉沉溺于我。”””你经常这样做吗?”””什么?”””打破的规则来保护你?””她笑了。”尽我所能。
你有没有想过你想怎么开始?”他问道。她的想法。她仍然不确定。”也许我们可以缓解。你有问题想问吗?背景?诸如此类的事情?”””我有一百万个问题。”星期天早上他问多久他会在这里,他们计划让他多久。”,为什么?”哈利说。”你知道这就像这样坐在这里,链接,为基督的缘故吗?””不回答。”“从来没有人通过一个月死亡细胞相信在笼子里的野兽。
为了上帝，他想对市长说，“你为什么不能让他们休息？”杰克开始穿过田野，拖着狗在他后面。当他们到达陡峭的路堤到铁路时，白兰地似乎都很有兴趣和速度。他走过了杰克下山，沿着一条路径拉了他。现在谁是秘密之神？？阿普索普：你是，因为你还没有告诉我你为什么在这里。今天早上我在格雷沙姆学院的宿舍里，沿着比索普斯门散步，我碰巧看到了这里的“变化”栏目。那是荒芜的。但是，一阵风旋涡卷起了昨天交易员们掉落的所有小纸片，使它们像许多干叶一样绕着所有的班加树旋转。
因为一切我告诉你连接到1893年夏天。”（针针与康希尔之间的交换）1686年9月-约翰·班扬，天路历程剧中人物DANIELWATERHOUSE清教徒RICHARDAPTHORP爵士，从前的Goldsmith，阿普索普银行的所有者。荷兰人犹太人罗杰姆科斯托克Ravenscar侯爵，朝臣JACKKETCH英国首席执行官。先驱法警埃德蒙·庞林一个老人。这不是真正的deal-Forrester足够了解体系结构推测。砌砖太整洁,窗户recent-no超过十或二十岁。建筑显然是模仿,而不是一个特别好的。而且,他决定,凶手知道这是可能的。
夏天的水甚至在夏天都很低，似乎也是站着不动的。一滴大到四分之一的雨打在杰克的脸上。水面开始以一种零星的方式逐渐变小。”他利用他的钢笔对速记员的垫在他的面前。”好吧,”他最后说。”它是什么呢?”””你没有问我任何关于我的父母。”
怪物们在心中牢记这一点。沃特豪斯：真的，当一个人在他需要杀死一个怪物的时候，已经达到了生命中的某一点，像圣乔治，或者被一个人吃掉，像Jonah一样，我想那就是他去游泳的地方。RAVENSCAR：你是想杀戮吗？还是被吃掉？？WATERHOUSE：我已经吃过了。但如果我是莱布尼茨，我就不会做任何事情。相反，我会问，为什么旋风在这里？？入侵者喧嚣声：升入鱼街山的庄严游行来自伦敦塔。当游行队伍进入交易所时，交易者表现出惊愕和沮丧。扰乱商业。进入国王的黑色激流守卫的前两排，用步枪武装，枪口上贴着法国陆军最近采用的长刺兵器，并由他们刺刀提名。
他没有打开录音机,好像他知道他们只是标记。”其他近亲吗?”他问道。”只是一些非常遥远的我没见过几十年。”””这是我所知道的。”他抬头一看,她的眼睛直接会议。”然而,当攻击者使DNS查询,如果服务器没有IP域,它将开始尝试解决域。这种类型的缓存窥探攻击是不同,因为攻击者质问DNS服务器后,缓存将包含攻击者被问及的查询。这是被称为“缓存污染。”这种方法效率不如nonrecursive方法因为一旦攻击者已经污染了缓存他不得不等待所有的TTL值的DNS到期。
他们走到停车场。Forrester和Boijer交换,共享一个简短的,知道点头在马恩岛中士相当奇怪的白色头盔。任何在大陆截然不同。Forrester已经知道马恩岛的特殊地位。一个英国直辖殖民地,有自己的议会,自己的国旗,古代维京人传统的遗产,和自己独特的警察部队,人不是一个官方联合王国的一部分。当他们抬头路易说,”你过得如何?”他车,开始最近的通道,想知道女人头发染成橙色或戴着假发。你看到人们喜欢他们所有在运行小党和杂货商店,阿拉伯之类的。路易开始从货架上挑选零食。他得到了奥利奥巧克力三明治饼干。他得到了薯片,玉米片,Cheez-Its,椒盐卷饼,一盒花生糖,一些糖果,搬到谷物,我们见到可可粉的泡芙,头儿紧缩,果脆圈。路易了乳品的牛奶,拿起六瓶装的啤酒和山Dew-he听说有更多的咖啡因比任何其他的汽水和一双橡胶手套清洗被蒙上眼睛的人的浴室。
“他们默默地开了几分钟。”我不知道我要去哪儿，“萨拉最后说。“没关系，继续走吧。如果你经过同一个地方几次也没关系。”你真的打算开枪吗？如果事情进展得很糟糕，你会杀了我吗？“是的，“拉斐尔毫不犹豫地回答说，”我下一天会自杀的。我不介意被忽视。那些文件引人入胜吗？那么呢？？沉默。阿普索普：啊，就像一条鲑鱼编织着一道曲折的河道，在圆石上滑动，跳跃在原木上，我的助手正在向我走来。
哈利简直不敢相信。他感到这是一个房子,居住的地方,就给他了一个地毯的楼梯,弯曲到二楼,沿着走廊,他以为是一个卧室。但不太确定他坐下时一床薄床垫上。因为那个好人一只手写密码经济学，另一只手写通用字符；在向克伦威尔的妹妹求婚的同时，他还是高贵而强大的骑士的好朋友；而且，总而言之，JANUS是以不同的方式，我不会麻烦列举给你。因为你真的是他的学生，他的创作：一瞬间散发智慧如水银，下一个忠告像布鲁托。沃特豪斯：导师是米勒娃的一个幌子，她的学生是伟大的尤利西斯，因此，通过对你的话进行严格的经典解释，先生，我会努力不冒犯的。
或许我们应该把这看作是一种优势，对于任何一个看到它的人都被几何学的光辉惊呆了，当你跪下来遮住眼睛的时候，批评一个人的工作是很困难的。RAVENSCAR：你相信莱布尼茨在这些证据中发现了一个错误吗？？沃特豪斯：不，像牛顿这样的证据不会有错误。RAVENSCAR：不能吗？？当一个人看着桌子上的一个苹果说：“桌子上有一个苹果，“你可以看看牛顿的这些几何图形，然后说：“牛顿说的是实话.”“RAVENSCAR：那我马上给医生转达一份复印件，这样他就可以跪下。不用麻烦了。莱布尼茨反对的不是牛顿所做的事，而是他没有做的事。可怜的女孩，她的下巴有一种令人厌烦的休息，现在有一段时间了，我期待着得到后果。我是对的；但她在城堡里最有帮助地站在我身旁，并且用巨大的愚蠢来有力地支持和加强我，这些愚蠢在当时比智慧大一倍更有价值；所以我认为她有权利在磨坊里工作一段时间，如果她愿意，她刚开始时，我一点也不觉得痛。“现在把我们带到Marhaus爵士身边，他和三十岁的南方少女一起骑马旅行。”““你想看看你能否在牛仔们的足迹上再做一段时间，桑迪？“““即便如此，我的上帝。““前进，然后。这次我不会打断你的话，如果我能帮上忙的话。
犹太人：走吧，离开，或者祈祷在哪里？？走开。他看到你有一把椅子，希望你知道桌子在哪里。那就是梅萨。也许他指的是班卡，书桌。..阿普索普：在这个变化中的每一个人，谁坐在椅子上，就在这样的班卡前面。他想知道你到哪里去了！！WATERHOUSE：我是说他可能在找银行。“他告诉娄发生了什么事。弗兰基奥康纳已故的猪油奥康纳的弟弟，从格拉斯哥来的，正如他威胁要做的那样。他不仅来了，虽然，但他的两个朋友也一样。“你应该看到他们，娄“马修说。
南部的州,有一个堰洲岛叫做格兰德岛。在上个世纪结束时,人们财富的习惯去那里度过他们的暑假。我们去那里当我还是个孩子。一个年轻的孩子。我的母亲是…生病,有希望那里的气候让她更好。”””这似乎是一个不错的开始。”当一个DNS服务器从一个权威的DNS服务器,请求一个记录请求DNS服务器缓存记录收到但是长指定的权威名字服务器。如果权威记录的TTL长两到三天,通过收集的信息缓存窥探可能不是有用的TTL记录相比,只有几分钟长。如果是相对近期的记录,它可能揭示更多关于一个组织的相关信息。然而,即使是旧的信息可能与攻击者。来验证是否容易DNS缓存DNS服务器窥探攻击,攻击者可以扫描互联网DNS服务器,允许第三方查询。
最后他听到声音是小女孩的,黎明纳瓦罗,问他多少自由港的银行。喜欢被半睡半醒,听到它,躺在椅子上,闭上眼睛,告诉她,他不确定,接近三密尔……是他说什么?他实际上已经有将近二百万。现在他不确定如果他一直醒着还是催眠。他记得躺在那里等待…突然意识到一个眼罩被遮蔽了他的眼睛,他认为这是小女孩这样做,所以他不会分心。然后到处都是手拿着他下来,磁带被压在他的嘴。他们把他从躺椅上,让他俯卧在地板上,粗糙的手在他身上,和录音一起他的手腕在背后。JackKetch慢慢地走到空荡荡的中央，双手交叉着站着。现在进入一辆由黑马拉过来的货车，装满了烟灰缸和罐子，旁边是JackKetch的助手。助手把木头堆在地上，然后用罐子里的油浸泡。现在进入法警手里拿着一本装满链子和挂锁的书。杰克.凯奇：以国王的名义，停下来，认出你自己！！法警：约翰牛，法警杰克：陈述你的事情。
可能不是。他们也不知道。他们也在行动上，搭车在货运火车上，穿越正在寻找工作的国家，但出于某种原因，一群他们决定暂时安定下来，在垃圾堆里建造了一个临时营地。他们“差点给市长心脏病发作了。”当你的生活接近尾声,风你想做一个声明关于你是谁。声明一样重要,你的人生故事。”””和语句?”””你是你们班的与众不同。对于这个时间这个地点,你是一个自由主义者。我正确吗?”””绝对不是。””他在爱工作,像他那样看着她。”
杰克急急忙忙地往下游走。杰克把头伸到胸前的草地上。过了一段时间，为了方便地走到河床下面，他们顺着河岸滑了下来，沿着海岸干了下来，破裂的泥巴像混凝土一样光滑。犹太人：走吧，离开，或者祈祷在哪里？？走开。他看到你有一把椅子，希望你知道桌子在哪里。那就是梅萨。也许他指的是班卡，书桌。..阿普索普：在这个变化中的每一个人，谁坐在椅子上，就在这样的班卡前面。他想知道你到哪里去了！！WATERHOUSE：我是说他可能在找银行。
如果攻击者想要确定他的目标已经查看招聘信息在Monster.com上他提出了一个简单的查询:这将返回一个记录表明dnscache.example.com服务器是否知道Monster.com的位置。从攻击者的角度来看,这是一个很好的策略,因为攻击者可以查询问题反复经过一段时间使用统计信息网站在一个组织的员工最常浏览。这是nonrecursive攻击是如何工作的:缓存窥探攻击仍然有效DNS服务器不允许nonrecursion标志被设置。为什么你会这样做吗?吗?Boijer走动的尸体,震惊。尽管帐篷似乎比外面的风刮的花园,冷一种独特的气味了。Forrester的希望他有一个SIRCHIE面具块腐烂的气味。
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Her bölümü ayrı bir heyecan ve ayrı bir bilinmezlikle dolu olan Kim Milyoner Olmak İster yarışmasının 1 Şubat Salı günkü programında da nefesler tutuldu. Yarışmada sorulan George Orwell sorusu milyonlar tarafından merak edildi ve araştırıldı. Peki o sorunun tamamı nasıldı?
Milyonları merakte bırakan George Orwell sorusu yarışmayı izleyen uzmanlar tarafından tam not aldı. Yarışma boyunca sorulan 12 soruya doğru yanıt veren yarışmacılar 1 milyon TL'yi almaya hak kazanıyor.
Haycan Çiftliği kitabı George Orwell'in en çok satan kitabıdır. Hatta "Herkes eşittir, kimileri daha da eşittir." sözü de bu kitabın meşhur bir epigrafıdır.
İlgili Galerilerنریمان رحمانی در گفت و گو با ایسنا، بااشاره به نقش ورزش های همگانی در تحرک و پویایی مردم، اظهارکرد: جذب و فعال کردن آحاد مختلف جامعه به سمت و سوی ورزش با هدف ارتقای نشاط، شادابی، سلامت و ترویج سبک زندگی پرشور یکی از اهداف ورزش های همگانی است که در برهه زمانی کنونی بیش از هر زمان دیگری ضرورت آن در زندگی مردم احساس می شود.
وی تصریح کرد: ورزش همگانی زمینه ساز ورزش قهرمانی است و تا زمانی که این ورزش قوی نشود و مردم دید مثبتی به آن نداشته باشند، جایگاه ورزش قهرمانی نیز ضعیف خواهد بود.
رئیس هیات ورزش های همگانی استان کرمانشاه با بیان اینکه در شرایط فعلی که بیماری کرونا دامن گیر دنیا شده و بسیاری از مردم در قرنطینه هستند، ورزش همگانی می تواند به حفظ سلامتی آنها کمک کند، افزود: از سال گذشته که این بیماری شیوع پیدا کرد، فدراسیون ورزش های همگانی برنامه های مختلفی را به منظور تشویق مردم به ورزش کردن در دوران قرنطینه در دستور کار قرار داد که ما نیز در استان آنها را اجرایی کردیم.
وی خاطرنشان کرد: علیرغم شیوع کرونا و مشکل در زمینه فضای ورزشی توانستیم عملکرد خوبی در رابطه با ورزشهای همگانی استان در خانه و طبیعت داشته باشیم.
رحمانی با بیان اینکه در ایام نوروز ۱۴۰۰ حدود ۷۶ برنامه ورزشی همگانی در سطح استان اجرا شد، افزود: یکی از مهمترین این برنامه ها اجرای مرحله اول طرح ملی نشاط در بخش بازی های الکترونیکی و موبایلی بود که از هفتم اسفند شروع شد و تا ۱۵ فروردین هم ادامه داشت و هرچند هنوز نتایج این مرحله منتشر نشده، اما کرمانشاهیان بازهم پیشتازی خوبی برای شرکت در اجرای این برنامه داشتند.
وی از آغاز مرحله دوم این طرح در استان هم خبرداد و گفت: این مرحله که از امروز(۲۱ فروردین) شروع شده و تا ۱۲ اردیبهشت هم ادامه خواهد داشتT در بخش بازی های تحرکی و فعالیت های بدنی است.
رئیس هیات ورزش های همگانی استان اضافه کرد: همچنین در ایام تعطیلات نوروز علاوه بر اجرای طرح ملی نشاط، هیات ها و کمیته های شهرستانی در رشته های پیاده روی، جاده نوردی، کوهپیمایی، تپه نوردی و طبیعت گردی که در فضای باز برگزار می شوند، برنامه هایی را در سطح استان اجرا کردند.
وی یادآورشد: امیدواریم در گسترش ورزش همگانی وبسترسازی مناسبت جهت خدمت و ایجاد شهری شاداب و شهروندی سالم وپرنشاط و بدور از ناهنجاری های اجتماعی گامهای موثرتری برداریم.
انتهای پیامThe humidity has arrived and with that we can expect plenty of allergies that can not
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انه ورود گردشگران کیش در آستانه سال جدید از مرز دو میلیون نفر بگذرد.
لازم به ذکر است طرح اولیه این هتل دریایی از سال ۱۳۸۹ به سازمان منطقه آزاد کیش ارائه شد.- کدخبر: 1095669
- منبع: irna.ir
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به گزارش ایرنا، از صبح امروز بررسی لایحه 96 ماده ای برنامه سوم توسعه شهر تهران که از سوی شهرداری به شورای شهر ارائه شده مورد بررسی اعضای شورا قرار گرفت و در پایان جلسه عصر امروز 30 ماده از آن به تصویب رسید.
از موادی که امروز به تصویب رسید می توان به این اشاره کرد که شهرداری تهران موظف شد تا پایان سال اول برنامه سوم توسعه شهری، امکان سنجی و ساماندهی عوارض شهری از اماکن تجاری و اداری را جهت تصویب به شورای شهر ارائه کند.
به گزارش ایرنا، تا کنون 2 برنامه توسعه شهرداری تهران اجرا شده و از سال آینده سومین برنامه پنجساله آغاز می شود.
تهرام/9343//6139Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Publica
versión impresa ISSN 1726-4634
RIVERA-JACINTO, Marco y RODRIGUEZ-ULLOA, Claudia. Environmental attitudes and behaviors in nurse students from a public university of northern Peru. Rev. perú. med. exp. salud publica [online]. 2009, vol.26, n.3, pp. 338-342. ISSN 1726-4634.
A descriptive study was carried to determine the attitudes and behaviors related with environmental health in 143 nurse students. The questionnaires were elaborated on the basis of validated Likert scales about environmental attitudes and behaviors, with 8 and 12 items respectively. The most important positive attitudes were related with those would be dangerous for the health and more frequent behaviors with the appropriate use of water and energy; a weak relationship exists between environmental attitudes and behaviors (rs= 0,30). In accordance with the scales, the students have a positive environmental attitude but they do not reflect it in their behaviors, which can influence their next activities like environmental health promoters in negative way.
Palabras llave : Environmental health; Attitude; Behaviour; Environmen; Peru.- کد خبر: 5488
- گروه : ویژه ها
- تاریخ انتشار: 31st مارس 2018
به گزارش “ورزشکار سه“، در چارچوب هفته سی و دوم لیگ برتر انگلیس، تیم های لیورپول و کریستال پالاس به مصاف هم رفتند که این دیدار با پیروزی ۲-۱ قرمزها همراه بود.
یورگن کلوپ، سرمربی لیورپول پس از این مسابقه اظهار داشت: شما دیدید که امروز هر دو تیم در بهترین فرم خود نبودند ولی ما یک گل بیشتر از آنها زدیم. در پایان می توانم بگویم که شاید این یک سه امتیاز زشت بود اما گاهی همین بردها، مهم ترین ها هستند.
وقتی از وی سوال شد که آیا نگران جدایی محمد صلاح است یا خیر، وی در پاسخ گفت: نه. چیز بیشتری باید بگویم؟ شما پرسیدید نگرانید و من می گویم نه.
سرمربی لیورپول در خصوص مصدومیت لالانا افزود: وضعیت آدام خوب نیست و خود او نیز ناراحت است. او بازیکن و بهترین دوست ماست. شرایط سختی است. به نظر می رسد که مصدومیت ناحیه همسترینگ است. با او صحبت نکردم ولی او را دیدم. واقعا شرایط خوبی نبود. دقیقا نمی دانیم مشکل چیست ولی از لحظه اولی که او را دیدم متوجه شدم مسئله جدی است. هرگز فکر نمی کردم یک فصل او را در اختیار نداشته باشم.The history of clothing in ancient Greece traces its roots to three significant civilizations: the Minoans, the Mycenaeans, and the ancient Greeks. Each of these civilizations created sophisticated clothing customs. Clothing for these civilizations served not only to cover and protect the body, but also to decorate and enhance the beauty of the wearer.
The Minoan culture developed on the Greek island of Crete in about 3000 B.C.E. Minoans created a thriving society around royal palaces and survived for several hundred years. Archeologists, scientists who study the remains of ancient cultures, have excavated sites in Crete to find pottery, frescoes (paintings applied directly to wet plaster on walls) on the walls of palace remains, and statues. These artifacts provide a vivid picture of Minoan culture, especially that of the wealthy citizens.
Minoan remains indicate that Minoan clothing fit the contours of the body and required knowledge of sewing techniques. Men wore a variety of loin coverings and rarely covered their upper bodies. Women wore tiered, bell-shaped skirts and fitted short-sleeved tops that exposed the breasts. Minoans seemed to idealize tiny waists, and both men and women wore tightly fitted belts, or girdles, that cinched their waists down to a fashionably small size.
When the Minoan culture disappeared in about 1600 B.C.E. , for reasons archeologists still have yet to discover, the Mycenaean culture began to flourish on mainland Greece and invaded Crete, where they encountered the Minoans. The remains of Minoan culture influenced the Mycenaeans who adopted many of their clothing styles. Women's clothing is especially difficult to distinguish from Minoan clothing. Women wore the same long skirts and short-sleeved tops; however, paintings indicate that Mycenaean women did occasionally cover their breasts with a bib or blouse. Mycenaean men appear to have worn loin coverings similar to the Minoans, but more frequently they seem to have worn short-sleeved tunics with a belted waist. The true distinguishing costumes of the Mycenaeans were their armor. Evidence indicates that Mycenaeans were warlike peoples. For battle Mycenaean soldiers wore protective clothing that wrapped the body from neck to thigh in bronze plates, bronze leg guards, and helmets constructed of boar's tusks.
As the Mycenaean culture began to suffer from famines and other environmental catastrophes around 1200 B.C.E. , another culture began to flourish. The Dorians, ancient Greeks, became dominant and conquered the struggling Mycenaeans. Although no evidence about what Greeks wore has been discovered for life between the twelfth and the eighth centuries B.C.E. , by the eighth century art was again being produced and paintings of Greek clothing styles appeared. As one can see in many examples from Greek art, the ancient Greeks had a great appreciation for the beauty of the naked body. Early Greek society did not forbid public nakedness, at least for men. Men always went naked when exercising or competing in athletic games, and both men and women bathed naked in public baths, though not together. Women were required to keep their bodies covered when they were with men.
By the seventh century B.C.E. Greek society was dominated by a wealthy class who wore luxurious woven clothes and decorative jewelry. From this time until the invasion of and defeat by the Romans in 146 B.C.E. , Greeks developed several different styles of clothes. In general, Greeks did not cut and sew their clothes until the fourth century B.C.E. Instead they draped finely woven cloth over and around their bodies to create distinct styles of dress and protective wraps. The wealthiest Greeks could afford fine wool and finely woven linen, which at its most expensive was an almost transparent, soft cloth. Others used cloth woven from the flax plant soaked in olive oil, and peasants used textiles made of coarse wool. The most distinctive Greek garment is the chiton, or tunic. Two different styles of chiton were developed: the Ionic chiton and the Doric chiton, with variations, usually of length, to distinguish styles for men and women. The fabric of chitons was crinkled, or pleated, to enhance the fullness of the drape of the garment. Over the chiton, Greeks kept themselves warm with a variety of wraps, including the himation, chlamys, chlaina, and diplax. Although these draped fashions continued to be popular, by the fourth century B.C.E. both women and men began wearing sewn tunics with a U or V neckline. Writings from this time discuss a variety of specific styles for these sewn tunics and archeologists uncovered a variety of tunic styles in a temple in Attica, a state of Greece that formed the territory of Athens, the Greek cultural center.
Because much of our knowledge of Greek fashions comes from the marble sculptures they left behind, many people once thought that most Greeks wore only white clothes. However, experts now know that even the pale marble of the statues was once covered with bright paint that wore off over the centuries. Greeks, in fact, loved color and many dyed their clothes. Wealthy aristocrats wore purple clothes dyed from a species of shellfish or pure white linen robes. Yellow clothes were worn mostly by women. Black clothes were worn by those mourning the death of a loved one. Peasants dyed their clothing a variety of greens, browns, and grays. Soldiers wore dark red garments to minimize the appearance of blood on the battlefield.
In addition to dyeing, decorative designs were also painted, embroidered, or woven onto garments in many colors. Garments were also adorned with patterns of geometric shapes or trimmed with colorful border designs.
Batterberry, Michael, and Ariane Batterberry. Fashion: The Mirror of History. New York: Greenwich House, 1982.
Norris, Herbert. Costume and Fashion: The Evolution of European Dress Through the Earlier Ages. London, England: J. M. Dent and Sons, 1924. Reprint, New York: E. P. Dutton, 1931.
Payne, Blanche, Geitel Winakor, and Jane Farrell-Beck. The History of Costume: From Ancient Mesopotamia Through the Twentieth Century. 2nd ed. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.
Symons, David J. Costume of Ancient Greece. New York: Chelsea House, 1987.信息摘要：
通常情况下高压风机运转时，马达所消耗的电流会随压力及真空度而增加，如电流过大会导致接触器跳脱，为阻止跳脱或省电，我们都需要尽可能增加出…
通常情况下高压风机运转时，马达所消耗的电流会随压力及真空度而增加，如电流过大会导致接触器跳脱，为阻止跳脱或省电，我们都需要尽可能增加出风口之截面积，或在吸气或排气侧装置风压风量调节阀。
关于高压风机的使用一般体现在以下几个方面：
一、送风用高压风机：入口应加装适当之过滤器
1、 出气孔之总截面积应大于风机出口截面积之1/2。
2、 如用于水中送气,其水深压力应在型号目录上所标示的大静压值之70%以下。
3、于加压送气时,出口温度因空气摩擦的关系大于常温10摄氏度属正常,故应使用铁管1M以上。
二、吸风用高压风机：出口处可加装消音器
吸入孔之总截面积应大于鼓风机入口截面积之1/2。
三、过滤器简易清理方法:
将过滤器自转接头旋开用空气喷枪或刷子将滤网上之污垢或灰尘刷掉,清洁后将之旋回后可使用。
昆山佰斯拓
是一家苏州工业风机厂家，我们主要生产的风机有高压离心风机
、中压离心风机、低压离心风机等。就在这时，远方响起两声嘹亮的冲锋号角，随着两个大范围的火系魔法在己方阵营中爆炸，上万约翰王国的骑兵迅风般地向这边冲杀而来。估计用不了多久便能与眼前这些锡云成的守军汇合。
起初唐格拉尔为了分化对方的实力，用计将加尔·福特身边的兵将分割包围起来，可是这样一来，也同时打乱了己方的阵形。此时，在没有严整队形的情势下，虽然盖亚军在数量上仍然占据着极大的优势，但仍然无法抵挡住对方那阵形整齐，士气高昂的一万铁骑！
‘怎么可能？竟然来得如此之快！’唐格拉尔心下惊叹道，‘难道对方的阵营中竟然隐匿着高阶魔法剑士？’
唐格拉尔猜得没错，这一万骑兵之所以能够如此迅速地赶到此处，主要原因就是有我这个“魔法剑士”的存在。因为在这种平原上的冲锋战中，一个能够施展大范围攻击魔法的高阶魔法剑士对整个骑兵队伍有着不可估量的辅助作用。
在近距离两军即将交锋之际，假若一方突然毫无征兆地向对方的阵营中施展一个大范围攻击魔法的话，往往会把对方打个措手不及，而阵形大乱，而己方的骑兵正可利用这个时机彻底冲散对方的阵形而给予对方以致命的打击！即使对方有魔法师的话也无法及时施展出相应的防御魔法。
更何况，在这种纯平原式的战役中，没有人会把高阶魔法师配备在部队的前方，更不可能配备在骑兵队中！因为魔法师近身搏斗的能力是很弱的，尤其在这种混战中，他们极有可能成为对方弓箭手和骑兵率先击杀的目标！
而魔法剑士却弥补了这个不足！他们有着很强的近身搏杀能力和魔法素质，在冲锋战中不至于像一般魔法师那样被对方的骑兵和弓箭手率先解决掉。但是，低阶的魔法剑士虽然有着较强的剑技，但仍然无法施展大范围的攻击魔法，对骑兵所起到的辅助效果也是十分有限的！所以，为数极少的高阶魔法剑士便成了各国势力争先拉拢的目标。因为他们不但具备高超的近战能力，令那些企图狙杀他们的骑兵和弓箭手望而却步，而且还能使用一些大范围的远程攻击魔法，虽然对高手级的将领造成不了什么实质性的打击，却能够给大多数的普通士兵带来不小的杀伤力和极大的混乱。
在单打独斗的时候，一个高阶魔法剑士或许不是一个剑圣的对手，但在万人级的战场上，一个高阶魔法剑士所能起到的作用却绝对要高过几个剑圣！虽然高阶的剑法也有着以少打多的能力，但说到底，剑法所注重的还是“点”的攻击，在杀伤范围上，仍然无法和魔法相比！
注视着敌方逐渐逼近的援军，唐格拉尔猛然想起了此次作战的“真正目的”。‘不能再耽搁下去了。’他心里想道，双腿一夹马腹，冲入了战团。
徐风正自和对方的一名将领苦战，突然发觉自己右方劲风四溢，只见唐格拉尔正手持巨剑，直上直下的向自己劈了下来，剑未及体，所激起的劲风便将自己逼得无法呼吸！瞧这一剑的威势，仿佛对方要将自己连人带马劈作两半！
他奋力将对手的长枪荡开，然后力贯于臂，双手举剑向唐格拉尔的巨剑迎了上去。
“哐～～”劲气四溢！徐风险些连人带剑被劈下马去，虽然勉强挡住了对方的直劈，却连吐了三口鲜血，双臂更是被震得失去了知觉。
好强猛的一剑！然而，对手却没有给他用来惊叹的时间，一柄长枪已经趁他没有回过气的时候刺入了他的胸口。
“徐风！”蓝京惊呼一声，试图过来营救，却被两名对手缠住，无法脱身。
“蓝京，好好照顾丽丝，一定要给她幸福。”徐风猛然握住了对方的枪杆，奋力拉向自己胸口。
“噗！”鲜血迸出。他竟然拽住对方的长枪将自己刺个对穿，长枪的一半从自己的后背透了出去，而对手也因此被他拉了过来，两人相距不到一米！就在对方惊叹错愕的时候，徐风的长剑已然刺入了他的心脏！
“别了，丽丝，别了，我的好兄弟――蓝京。”看着敌将已然被自己杀死，徐风阖上了双目。两人的尸首一起从马上滚了下来。
‘真是一条硬汉！’虽然是敌将，但唐格拉尔还是肃然起敬。
“不！”蓝京再次悲呼一声，这一声包含了悲伤，惋惜，愤怒，还有刻骨的仇恨！他一声大喝，瞬间爆出了纯紫色的斗气，杀招尽出，如同拼命一般向围攻他的两名对手攻去。他竟然已经达到了黄金骑士中阶的层次！
由于实力上相差了整整一个级别，再加上蓝京盛怒之下招招拼命，两名白银骑士竟然被他逼得难以招架！
突然，蓝京长枪疾抖，幻化出几十道劲气，向两名敌将齐攻而至，而他则趁着对方疲于应付之际飞离马背，越过两人头顶，向他们身后不远处的唐格拉尔飞了过去。就在对方认为他已经飞出战圈的时候，他竟然在半空中毫无借力的情况下连人带枪以不可思议的角度倒卷而回！
“噗！”他的枪尖准确无误的一名敌将的后心，然后接着下落之势将对方挑离了马背，自己则顺势骑在了对方的马上！好一记连环招，真可称得上是“神出鬼没”，将枪法的精髓发挥得淋漓尽致！
“小子休得张狂，待本帅来会你！”就在蓝京准备“再接再厉”解决另外一名敌将的时候，立夫·唐格拉尔大喝一声，策马冲到他的跟前。虽然对蓝京的身手极为欣赏，但连失两名得力干将之后，唐格拉尔也不由得恼怒万分，况且此行的目的也迫使他必须痛下杀手！
蓝京等的就是这一刻，若非此人，自己的好友怎会惨烈战死？正是仇人见面，分外眼红，即使将眼前之人大解八块也无法解去自己的心头之恨！
由于两人都是欲杀对方而后快，所以都各展所长，一接手便是追魂夺命的杀招。立夫·
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ktığını biliyoruz. Daha yakınlarda, Hermit krallık Çin’den gübre alıyor, ancak BM yaptırımları da bu dostluk yolunda ilerliyor. Gübre eksikliği, Kuzey Kore kadar izole edilmiş bir ulus için oldukça büyük bir sorundur. Eğer bitkiler başarısız olursa, zaten aç bir ulus için sorun olur demektir.
Rejim, diğer her şey gibi, propagandayı yaymak ve ulusal gururunu artırmak için büyük bir fırsat olarak görüyor ve kendi gübresini üreten adanmış çiftçilere tezahürat yapıyor. Associated Press’e göre, bu ev yetiştirme gübresine “juche” deniyor ve bu aslında Kuzey Kore’yi daha kendine yeterli yapan herhangi bir şeyi tanımlamak için kullanılan genel bir kelimedir. Şu anda “juche” gübresinin yapıldığı kesin değil, ancak Kuzey Kore’de hayvancılık yolunda pek bir şey yok ve bir tür gübre kullanmak zorundalar.
Kot
BM yaptırımları ve Amerikan başkanları, Levis, Calvin Klein ve Benetton Birleşik Renkleri’nin hiddetli tehdidine kıyasla hiçbir şey değildir. Saç boyası gibi kot pantolonlarına da “kapitalizmin toksik maddeleri” diyorlar. Batılı moda trendlerine karşı harekete Jong-un rejiminde erkekler yaşlı değil. Kuzey Kore gençlik grupları tarafından yönlendirilmektedir. The Telegraph’a göre, 15 yaşlarındaki çocuklar, modaya uygun vatandaş arayışında sokakları devriye gezerek emperyalist kotara karşı savaşa gönüllü oldular.
Yasak çoğunlukla Kuzey Çin’de yaşayan Hamgyong ve Yanggang vilayetlerinde yaşayan insanlara yöneltiliyor gibi görünüyor. Bu bölgelerdeki vatandaşlar Çin’in ABD’ye malzeme satmaktan duyduğu büyük sevgiden dolayı kapitalist kontaminasyona karşı daha büyük risk altındadır.
Yabancı filmler
Kuzey Kore, dünyanın en izole edilmiş yerlerinden biridir. Antarktika’daki penguenler gibi, vatandaşlar yıkıcı derecede rahatsız edici dünyasının dışında neler olduğunu bilmiyorlar. Tabii ki, Amerikan filmlerinin ve televizyon şovlarının yasadışı kopyalar konusunda rahatlar.
Şimdi, Happy Feet ya da beş Sharknados’dan herhangi biri muhtemelen Kuzey Kore izleyicilerini gerçek dünya hakkında bilgilendirme potansiyeline sahip değillerdir. Ancak görünüşe göre rejim öyle düşünüyor. NPR’ye göre, Batılı ülkelerde yapılan filmler tehdit unsuru olarak görülüyor çünkü gerçek düşünceye ilham verebiliyor. Belki de Filmleri yasaklamak yerine, Kim joungun Kuzey Koreliler için görülmesi gereken bir şeyi yapmalıdır. Kuşkusuz ki köpekbalıklarının gökyüzünden düştüğü bir ülkedeki yaşam, Kim Jong-un’un yönettiği bir ülkedeki yaşamdan en azından biraz daha iyidir.
Piercing
Kulaklarınızı Kuzey Kore’de deldirmiş alabilirsiniz, ancak bir burun delici ya da sevimli küçük bir göbek yüzüğünü unutun. Piercingler, batılı emperyalizmin sembolleri, kapitalizmin toksik maddeleri, falan filan, saç boyası vb. (Ve görünüşe göre sırt çantaları da bu listede) gibi piyanganlar, gençlerle başının derde girmesine neden olabilir.
The Telegraph’a göre Kuzey Kore moda polisi, çok kısa etek, doğru şekli olmayan ayakkabılar, T-shirt giyen insanlar ve kamuya açık pazarda iş yapan evlenmemiş kadınları arıyor. Ayrıca, uygunsuz ilişkileri oluşturan köpekler ve kediler ve fazla oksijen kullanan insanlar (dışarda fazla gezmek yasak). Bütün bunların hepsi son 2 yıl içersinde yasaklar listesinde.
Bir iPhone
Kuzey Kore bir bilmece. Nükleer silah geliştirme konusunda büyük miktarda para harcıyor, seçkinleri McDonald’ın hamburgerleri, Hennessy Konyak’ı ve Armani saatlerini mükemmel şekilde rahatça kullanıyor. Ancak ışıkları günde birkaç saatten fazla kullanmıyorlar. Ancak bu belirgin sorunlara rağmen, rejim en yoksul vatandaşları da dahil olmak üzere herkesin Kuzey Kore’nin müreffeh bir ulus olduğuna inanmasını istiyor. Ve refahın en iyi simgesi nedir? Bir iPhone!
Garip bir şekilde, kot pantolon, saç boyası ve vücut deliciler Amerikan emperyalizminin simgeleridir. Ama her neyse, Kim Jong-un onlardan hoşlanıyor, bu yüzden resmen iyi durumda. İşte sorun: Coca-Cola, Starbucks ve McDonald’s gibi Apple, Kuzey Kore’de iş yapmıyor. Peki diktatör ne yapacak?
Rejimin hoşlanmadığı müzik
Müzik, dostumuz Jong-un için hassas bir konudur. Onun hakkında güzel şeyler söylemezse ya da ayrılmış ataları, rejimi ve Kuzey Kore’nin mükemmel toprakları hakkında en azından hoş şeyler söylemezse, ölüm cezası verilebilir. Rejimin geçtiğimiz günlerde liderin onaylamadığı şeyler hakkında şarkı söylemek gibi suçlarla ilgili olarak kamuoyuna yapılan 12 müzisyen (Jong-un’un eski kız arkadaşı dahil) vardı.
Yasağın eski, yasaklanmış şarkılar üzerine ilgiyi yarattığına dair bazı raporlar bile var; bunların çoğu bir ya da daha fazla unutulmuş durumda.QLT处理9%Ni钢中奥氏体稳定性对加工硬化行为的影响（英文）
通过淬火+两相区淬火+回火(QLT)工艺处理使9%Ni钢组织中获得了较多含量的逆转变奥氏体。为了探究奥氏体对9%Ni钢优良低温力学性能的影响机理,设计了三种不同温度条件的拉伸实验,分别是室温拉伸(RT),于液氮浸泡20min后在室温拉伸(LRT)以及液氮温度下拉伸(LT)。主要采用原位电子背散射衍射分析技术分析逆转变奥氏体的稳定性同时采用磁性法测量材料中奥氏体的含量。采用D_(CJ)(differential Crussard-Jaoul)模型分析逆转变奥氏体稳定性对9%Ni钢加工硬化行为的影响。结果表明低温拉伸下9%Ni钢良好的强度和塑性来源于变形过程中奥氏体持续且充分的相变。Tampon tamiri, aracınızın tamponunda meydana gelen hasarı düzeltmek için yapılan bir işlemdir. Tamponlar, kazalar, darbeler veya diğer etkenler nedeniyle çeşitli hasarlara maruz kalabilir. Hasar durumuna bağlı olarak, tamponunuzun tamiri için farklı bir maliyetle karşılaşabilirsiniz.
Tamponunuzun hasar durumunu belirlemek için bir göz atmanız önemlidir. Küçük çizikler veya çatlaklar gibi daha küçük hasarlar genellikle daha uygun fiyatlarla tamir edilebilirken, büyük çatlaklar veya tamponun tamamen değiştirilmesi gereken durumlar daha yüksek maliyetlere neden olabilir.
Tampon tamiri maliyetleri genellikle hasarın boyutuna, tamir edilecek tamponun malzemesine ve tamir işleminin karmaşıklığına bağlı olarak değişir. Tamponunuzun onarımı için tipik bir fiyat aralığı bulunmaktadır. Bu fiyat aralığı, tamiratın karmaşıklığına ve hasarın boyutuna bağlı olarak değişebilir.
Tampon tamiri sırasında ek ücretler ortaya çıkabilir. Örneğin, tamponun boyasının yeniden uygulanması gerekiyorsa, boya maliyeti ek bir ücret olarak eklenebilir. Ayrıca, tamir işlemi sırasında tamponun çıkarılması veya yerine takılması gerekiyorsa, işçilik maliyeti de ekstra bir ücret olarak karşınıza çıkabilir.
Tamponunuzun Hasar Durumu
Tamponunuzun hasar durumunu belirlemek, tamir maliyetini doğru bir şekilde tahmin etmek için önemlidir. Tamponlar genellikle çeşitli hasar türlerine maruz kalabilir, bu nedenle hasarın ne olduğunu belirlemek için bir göz atmanız gerekebilir.
Bazı yaygın tampon hasarları arasında çizikler, çatlaklar, ezikler ve kırıklar bulunur. Bunlar araç kullanımı sırasında meydana gelebilir veya park sırasında kazara bir cisimle temas sonucu oluşabilir. Tamponunuzun hasar durumunu inceleyerek, tamir sürecine başlamadan önce ne tür bir onarım gerektiğini belirleyebilirsiniz.
Hasarın boyutuna ve türüne bağlı olarak, tamponunuzun onarım maliyeti değişebilir. Küçük çizikler veya ezikler genellikle daha düşük maliyetli tamirlerle düzeltilebilirken, büyük çatlaklar veya kırıklar daha kapsamlı bir tamir gerektirebilir ve dolayısıyla daha yüksek maliyetli olabilir.
Tamponunuzun hasar durumunu doğru bir şekilde belirlemek için bir uzmana danışmanız önemlidir. Uzmanlar, tamponunuzun hasarını değerlendirecek ve size tamir seçenekleri hakkında bilgi verecektir. Böylece, tamponunuzun hasar durumuna uygun bir tamir planı yapabilir ve maliyetleri doğru bir şekilde tahmin edebilirsiniz.
Tampon Tamiri Maliyetleri
Tampon tamiri, aracınızın tamponunun hasar gördüğü durumlarda maliyetli bir iş olabilir. Ancak, tamponunuzun hasar durumuna ve tamir edilmesi gereken bölgeye bağlı olarak maliyetler değişebilir. Genel olarak, tampon tamiri için ödemeniz gereken miktar, tamir edilmesi gereken hasarın büyüklüğüne ve tamir sürecinin karmaşıklığına bağlı olarak belirlenir.
Tampon tamiri maliyetleri, tamir işleminin profesyonel bir tamirci tarafından yapılıp yapılmayacağına, tamir edilmesi gereken bölgenin boyutuna ve hasarın ciddiyetine bağlı olarak değişebilir. Ayrıca, aracınızın marka ve modeli de tamir maliyetlerini etkileyebilir. Özel tamir gerektiren tamponlar daha pahalı olabilirken, standart tamponlar daha uygun bir maliyetle tamir edilebilir.
Bununla birlikte, tampon tamiri maliyetlerini belirlerken dikkate almanız gereken diğer faktörler de vardır. Örneğin, tamir işlemi sırasında kullanılacak malzemelerin kalitesi ve tamircinin deneyimi maliyetleri etkileyebilir. Ayrıca, tamponunuzun boyası da zarar gördüyse, boya işlemi de maliyetlere eklenmelidir.
Tampon tamiri maliyetlerini belirlemek için en doğru bilgiyi bir tamirciden almanız önemlidir. Tamponunuzun hasar durumunu ve tamir maliyetlerini belirlemek için bir tamirciye danışmanızı öneririz. Böylece, tamir işlemi için ne kadar ödemeniz gerektiği konusunda net bir fikir edinebilir ve buna göre bütçenizi planlayabilirsiniz.
Tampon Onarımı İçin Fiyat Aralığı
Tamponunuzun onarımı için fiyat aralığı, tamponun hasar durumuna ve onarım sürecine bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterebilir. Genel olarak, tamponun onarımı için tipik bir fiyat aralığı bulunmaktadır. Ancak, tamponunuzun hasar durumuna ve onarım sürecine bağlı olarak bu fiyat aralığı değişebilir.
Tamponunuzun onarımı için fiyat aralığını belirlemek için öncelikle tamponun hasar durumunu değerlendirmeniz gerekmektedir. Tamponunuzda sadece küçük çizikler veya çatlaklar varsa, onarım maliyeti genellikle daha düşük olacaktır. Ancak, tamponunuzda daha büyük hasarlar veya kırıklar varsa, onarım maliyeti daha yüksek olabilir.
Onarım süreci de fiyat aralığını etkileyebilir. Bazı tamirciler, tamponun onarımını yapmak için daha fazla zaman ve emek harcamaktadır ve bu da fiyatı artırabilir. Diğer taraftan, bazı tamirciler daha hızlı ve daha uygun fiyatlarla tampon onarımı yapabilmektedir.
Genel olarak, tamponunuzun onarımı için fiyat aralığı 100 TL ile 500 TL arasında değişebilir. Ancak, tamponunuzun hasar durumuna ve onarım sürecine bağlı olarak bu fiyat aralığı değişiklik gösterebilir. Tamponunuzun onarımı için kesin bir fiyat almak için uzman bir tamirciyle iletişime geçmeniz önemlidir.
Tampon Tamiri İçin Ek Ücretler
Tampon tamiri sırasında bazı durumlarda ek ücretler ortaya çıkabilir. Bu ek ücretler, tamponun hasar durumuna ve onarım sürecine bağlı olarak değişkenlik gösterebilir. Tamponunuzun hasar durumuna bağlı olarak, tamir edilmesi için ek malzemeler veya parçalar gerekebilir. Bu ek malzemeler veya parçaların maliyeti, tamir ücretine ek olarak talep edilebilir.
Ayrıca, tampon tamiri sırasında ortaya çıkabilecek ek ücretler arasında işçilik ücretleri de bulunabilir. Tamponun hasarının boyutuna ve karmaşıklığına bağlı olarak, tamir süreci daha fazla zaman ve emek gerektirebilir. Bu durumda, tamir işçiliği için ek bir ücret talep edilebilir.
Tampon tamiri için ek ücretlerin ne kadar olacağı tamponun hasar durumuna ve tamir sürecine bağlı olarak değişecektir. Tamponunuzun hasarının tam teşhis edilmesi ve tamir süreci hakkında detaylı bilgi almanız, tampon tamiri için olası ek ücretleri önceden tahmin etmenizi sağlayacaktır.
Yeni Tampon Satın Almak mı, Tamir Ettirmek mi?
Tamponunuzu tamir ettirmenin maliyetleriyle yeni bir tampon satın almanın maliyetleri arasında karşılaştırma yapmak önemlidir. Tamir ettirmek, genellikle daha ekonomik bir seçenek gibi görünse de, bazı durumlarda yeni bir tampon satın almak daha avantajlı olabilir.
Tampon tamiri için ödemeniz gereken maliyet, tamponun hasar durumuna, onarım sürecine ve tamircinin fiyat politikasına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Tamponunuzun hasar durumunu belirlemek için bir göz atmanız ve tamircinizle iletişime geçmeniz önemlidir. Tamponunuzun onarımı için tipik bir fiyat aralığı belirlenebilir.
Bununla birlikte, tampon tamiri sırasında ek ücretler ortaya çıkabilir. Örneğin, tamponun boyanması veya ek parçaların gerektiği durumlarda ek ücret ödemeniz gerekebilir. Bu ek ücretleri göz önünde bulundurmanız önemlidir.
Yeni bir tampon satın almak, tamir ettirmekten daha pahalı olabilir. Ancak, yeni bir tampon satın almanın avantajları da vardır. Yeni bir tampon, tamir edilen tampona kıyasla daha dayanıklı ve uzun ömürlü olabilir. Ayrıca, tamir ettirilen tamponun orijinal görünümünü tam olarak geri kazanması garanti edilemeyebilir.
Yeni bir tampon satın almak veya tamir ettirmek arasında karar verirken, maliyetin yanı sıra tamponunuzun hasar durumu ve tercihleriniz de dikkate alınmalıdır. Tamir ettirme seçeneği, daha küçük hasarlar için genellikle daha uygun bir seçenektir. Ancak, tamponunuzun ciddi bir hasar aldığı durumlarda yeni bir tampon satın almak daha mantıklı olabilir.
Tampon Tamiri Süreci
Tampon tamiri süreci, tamponunuzun hasarının türüne ve büyüklüğüne bağlı olarak değişiklik gösterebilir. Genellikle tampon tamiri, birkaç adımda gerçekleştirilir ve uzman bir tamirci tarafından yapılır.
İlk olarak, tamponunuzun hasarını belirlemek için bir inceleme yapılır. Tamirci, tamponun çatlaklarını, eziklerini veya diğer deformasyonlarını kontrol eder. Bu inceleme, tamponunuzun tamir edilip edilemeyeceğini ve hangi yöntemlerin kullanılacağını belirlemeye yardımcı olur.
Tamir süreci genellikle şu adımları içerir:
- Tamponun temizlenmesi ve yüzeyin hazırlanması
- Hasarlı bölgelerin onarılması veya yeniden şekillendirilmesi
- Tamponun boyanması veya cilalanması
- Tamponun tekrar montajı
Bu adımlar, tamponunuzun hasarının türüne ve tamir yöntemine bağlı olarak değişebilir. Örneğin, küçük çatlaklar veya ezikler, özel dolgu maddeleri ve şekillendirme teknikleri kullanılarak onarılabilir. Daha büyük hasarlar ise tamponun tamamen değiştirilmesini gerektirebilir.
Tampon tamiri süreci genellikle birkaç saat veya birkaç gün sürebilir, bu da tamponun hasarının büyüklüğüne ve tamircinin iş yüküne bağlıdır. Tamirci, tamir süresi hakkında size daha net bir tahmin verebilir.
Tampon tamiri sonrasında, tamirci genellikle tamir işleminin kalitesini garanti eden bir garanti sunar. Bu garanti, tamponunuzun tamir edildiği hasarın tekrar ortaya çıkması durumunda tamirci tarafından ücretsiz olarak düzeltilmesini içerebilir.
Tamir Süresi
Tampon tamir süresi, tamponun hasar durumuna ve tamir işleminin karmaşıklığına bağlı olarak değişebilir. Genellikle, basit tamirler birkaç saat içinde tamamlanabilirken, daha karmaşık tamirler birkaç gün sürebilir.
Tamir süresi ayrıca tamiratı yapan kişinin deneyimine ve iş yüküne de bağlı olabilir. Eğer tamiri yapan kişi yoğun bir çalışma programına sahipse, tamir süresi biraz daha uzayabilir.
Bu nedenle, tamponunuzun tamir edilmesi gerektiğinde, tamir süresi konusunda tamircinizle iletişime geçmek önemlidir. Böylece, tamir süresi hakkında daha net bir fikir edinebilir ve aracınızın ne kadar süreyle kullanılamayacağını planlayabilirsiniz.
Tamir Garantisi
Tampon tamiri sonrasında sunulan garanti, müşterilerin tamir işleminden sonra tamponun tekrar hasar görmesi durumunda destek alabilecekleri bir güvence sağlar. Bu garanti, tamponun tamir edildiği yerin politikalarına ve tamirin türüne bağlı olarak değişebilir. Tamir işlemi genellikle profesyonel bir tamir merkezinde gerçekleştirildiğinden, garanti süresi ve kapsamı da bu merkezin politikalarına göre belirlenir.
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?oq=&ac_posn=&v1=russia&search_submit=) or your local video store.
- Web Sites (other)
- Electronic Resources for Russian & East European Studies: http://www.sussex.ac.uk/Units/russian/bookmar2.htm. This meta-web site, produced by the University of Sussex Russian Society, lists several wonderful resources available on the web for information on all facts of Russian culture, including literature. Most of the resources are either from the U.K. or Russia, but are available on the web to any user.
- Fundamental Digital Library - Russian Literature & Folklore: http://feb-web.ru/indexen.htm. This powerful database contains reference materials and periodical articles about Russian literature, folklore, and fairy tales. The homepage and much of the navigation is in English, but as you dive deeper into the actual material, it is largely in Russian.
- Way to Russia: Russian Literature: http://www.waytorussia.net/WhatIsRussia/Literature.html. This website is primarily a resource about traveling to Russia, and what one may need to know or have in order to do so. It has much information about Russian culture, including literature. There are three separate pages for the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including information on authors, literary styles, and reading lists. These pages, and the website as a whole, would be very interesting to anyone curious about Russian literature and cultural life.
- Research Centers/Important Collections
Some of the most important collections of primary and secondary sources in Russian literature located in our geographic area can be found through the libraries of various universities. These universities are well-known for their research centers and departments Russian culture. Highlights within relatively easy driving distance from Kentucky include:
- The Center for Slavic, Eurasian, and East European Studies and the Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill: http://www.unc.edu/depts/slavic/ and http://www.unc.edu/depts/slavdept/. UNC hosts one of the most respected research centers for Russian studies in the country, and literature plays a big role in this research. The library’s Slavic and East European collection holds about 300,000 volumes.
- The Russian and East European Institute at Indiana University, Bloomington: http://www.indiana.edu/~reeiweb/index.shtml. According to the REEI’s website, the Russian/Soviet collection in the library contains about 280,000 volumes, and “ranks among the top research collections in the United States.”
- The Slavic and East European Studies Collections at the University of Chicago: http://guides.lib.uchicago.edu/slavic. This collection is home to the especially impressive Slavic Reference Collection, which holds over 7,500 volumes of specialized reference resources in Russian culture (including literature).
- The Slavic and East European Library at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign: http://www.library.illinois.edu/spx/. This collection is a full-service library dedicated solely to Russian and Slavic culture, complete with dedicated librarians in this field. In addition to the physical space at the university, this library offers extensive online services, resources, and chat reference help. The collection also helps serve the needs of UI’s Russian, East European, and Eurasian Center, a well-respected research and study center in the field.
Like the research centers listed above, most experts in the field of Russian literature are affiliated with universities. Several of them have made themselves known on the Internet as people who other researchers may contact for help or dialogue. Listed below are a few of these individuals, and their contact information:
- Dr. Rajenda Chitnis, University of Bristol: R.A.Chitnis@bristol.ac.uk.
- Katherina Filips-Juswigg, University of Wisconsin: firstname.lastname@example.org.
- Dr. Andy Kaufman, University of Virginia: http://www.professorandy.com/index.shtml, email@example.com.
- Timothy D. Sergay, University at Albany: firstname.lastname@example.org.
UK is also lucky to have a Russian department with faculty members who are extremely knowledgeable on Russian literature, including:
- Dr. Gerald Janecek, email@example.com.
- Dr. Edward S. Lee, firstname.lastname@example.org.
- Dr. Jeanmarie Rouhier-Willoughby, email@example.com.
- Other Sources
- Baby’s Touch and Feel Guide to Russian Literature: http://www.mcsweeneys.net/2010/5/11kumar.html A humorous approach at summarizing some of the greatest Russian literary pieces, mostly in terms of touch. NOTE: This is not AT ALL a serious reference resource, but can provide a smile after a long day of researching Russian literature.
- Research Assistance
Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions about the information presented, or if you need further assistance with your research. I sincerely hope that this pathfinder has been useful to your Russian literature research needs, and I wish you luck in your academic pursuits and endeavors!
School of Library and Information Science Graduate Student
University of Kentucky
For my pathfinder project, I chose to focus on 19th and 20th century Russian literature. It’s a topic very near and dear to my heart, and I was (and still am) excited to be able to help share it with the world. I fell in love with Russian literature after picking up a book of Nikolai Gogol’s short stories at a thrift shop while on vacation in high school, just because I liked the cover. I devoured the collection in about a day, completely enthralled with the great humor, spirit, and description I found. I loved being transported to another world, and another culture completely different from my own. I was fortunate enough to be able to take a couple classes on Russian literature and culture during my undergraduate studies at Indiana University and the University of Kentucky, but as I got further into my major studies, my love of the great Russian writers was often buried in studies of audio production and telecommunications policy. I don’t think I’ve read any Russian literature in the past three or four years, yet it always seems to be alive in my heart, trying to pump its way back into my reading list. Working on this pathfinder has really rekindled my love for the field, and I can’t wait to dive into some Dostoevsky over the holiday break.
Though the idea of Russian literature really encompasses anything written by Russians at any point, I chose to mainly focus on the 19th and 20th centuries, because I think they’re the most exciting. These time periods also seem to be the most studied by students. The 19th century was all about setting the scene. Poets and long prose writers alike created a lush and rich literary landscape. Description and detail were key, almost like opening vivid portals into the lives and the time of these pioneers. The end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century was easily one of the most exciting periods in Russian history, as revolutionaries were preparing to take over the government. The tsar, and the idea of a tsarist regime, was thrown out the window, making way for the will of the people. What this actually led to in practice, however, was the incredibly oppressive Soviet Union, and its strict censorship. Most writers in the 20th century were forced to go underground, writing for Samizdat (secret, hand-copied and privately-distributed) publications. Writers had to be extremely careful about how they published work during this period – one wrong move or sentence could lead to prison or worse. Despite these hardships and scary times, amazing works of literature were created that will leave a lasting impression on Europe and the world forever. Russian literature may have come onto the scene rather late by European standards, but it definitely makes up any slack and then some with the quality of writing.
When finding my sources and putting together my pathfinder, I kept remembering the experiences I had in my undergraduate Russian literature and culture classes, and how I wish I had known how to use the library so effectively. I wrote many papers on works and authors that could have been greatly improved with the right kinds of biographical resources, and definitely could have picked more interesting topics with the use of a subject encyclopedia. Even exploring the stacks and call number ranges for this project, I was completely inspired by all of the primary and secondary source material that’s available. I had no idea at the time. So, when I was thinking about what kind of audience I wanted for my pathfinder, I basically chose 2003/2004-me, my classmates, and anyone else with a slight general interest in the field. I tried to keep the scope of my resources to a level that could keep up with a serious academic project, but still wouldn’t be too overwhelming for someone new to the field. One of the hardest issues that I had to deal with in this process was the language barrier. As I mention in the pathfinder, there’s no getting around the fact that so many great resources on Russian literature are available only in Russian. This unfortunate fact can make deep research sometimes pretty limiting and frustrating to the average non-Russian reader. It seems like if you’re really serious about the topic, you’re just going to have to learn Russian, period. I tried to keep my resources almost right on this line, even including a couple online resources that were in Russian, but including instructions on how pages can be translated into fairly useable English.
As I wanted to write this pathfinder for college undergraduates, I decided to use the UK Library collection as a whole. The majority of my truly academic resources come from either the Young Library Reference stacks or UK Electronic Resources. Some of my resources were located in other areas of Young (the 4th floor stacks in particular), and most of my geographic print resources were actually from the King Science Library. As I explained in my introduction, print sources were located in Young Reference, unless otherwise indicated. I was actually fairly surprised with the collection of Russian Literature reference materials available at Young and through Electronic Resources. UK has a Russian department, but it’s rather small compared to other state schools in our general geographic region. Most of the resources that I found through WorldCat, or through Literature Guides published by other universities had a home somewhere in the UK Library system, even if they weren’t all in one place. I also knew that anything that UK didn’t actually physically have could probably be obtained through ILL, which I explained in my section on Locating Books. Once I actually got into the stacks, I was certainly impressed by the vast number of primary, secondary, and reference sources available. I definitely used call number groupings to my advantage, and often found two or three equally great resources after going in to find one particular book I’d located through InfoKat. I think that the students doing this kind of research would have these same experiences and be able to find all kinds of useful information.
When I was gathering information, it was sometimes difficult to choose which particular source to include. I knew that I wanted to have a good mix of online and print sources, since both would be useful to students for different purposes, so at times, I used that as a factor. For some resource types, however, the best information was often skewed into one of these types of sources. I decided to worry less about individual type balances and focus on the larger picture – could a user collect good information using strictly either online or print sources, if they decided that they preferred one to the other? I hope that I achieved this balance. When writing my annotations and my research tips for each section, keeping my former self in my for the audience, I thought about what I would want to know about each source – why should I use it? What information will it give me? Does it have a particular slant, personality, or agenda? Is there something I can learn from this that I can’t find anywhere else? I think that answering these sorts of questions really makes the information come alive to the user. To aid my users further, I also decided to sprinkle suggested LC subject headings throughout each section. I felt that this approach kept the guide more organized, breaking down each information type into its own space. My pathfinder was organized primarily along the lines of the assignment, but I basically just tried to group like topics and sources with each other. I feel that keeping each information type individually organized and neat keeps the whole piece useable and easy to navigate. While I didn’t have a chance to put my pathfinder up on the Internet before the assignment was due, this is definitely something I want to work on over the holiday break. I feel (and hope) that the organization and collection of these resources could be helpful to anyone studying this topic, even if not through the UK Library system since most everything is also listed on WorldCat.
I think that working on this project really opened my eyes to the idea that librarians have a huge responsibility in research instruction. The library has so many wonderful, valuable and useful resources – but they can’t help anyone who doesn’t know where or how to find them. I can definitely see the value in creating pathfinders for a variety of topics, especially for those reference questions most asked in a particular library. While I was working on this pathfinder, one of my coworkers actually asked if I could help her find information on cancer research – I pointed her to one of the existing pathfinders through the UK Medical Center Library and she had great success using it to find information for her paper. I think that if I was working on a pathfinder actually on the job, I would definitely try to put it up on the web from the beginning. More and more people are turning to the Internet for their information needs, and having this kind of information available to people from the comforts of their own homes would really encourage its use. I think that I would also want to make it more visual, either with photographs, pictures of book covers, or even just charts. I feel like this is an opportunity with my pathfinder, and is something that could possibly be used to draw more user attention and interest. Overall, though it sometimes seemed overwhelming, I feel fairly pleased with the work that I did for my pathfinder. I enjoyed the process of researching and collecting sources, mostly because I kept thinking about how much this kind of information could help someone learn. I was passionate about my topic and excited to be able to share it with potential users. Though I imagine that making a pathfinder for a completely unfamiliar topic would be more daunting and stressful, I realize it would also aid widely in broadening and expanding one’s knowledge base. I also feel that working on this project really helped me become familiar with different kinds of reference materials and generalities of using the library system for research. I’m glad that I was able to have this experience, and can definitely see how it will aid me in my future career.2013 yılında özelleştirilen El Al yeniden devlet kontrolü altına alındı.
En büyük hissedarı yüzde 37,3 ile özel havacılık şirketi Knafaim Holdings olan El Al, Hükümetten korona krizinden kurtulmak için 250 milyon dolarlık devlet garantili kredi aldı. 150 milyon dolarlık bir sermaye artırımı da planlanıyor.
Kurtarma planının bir parçası da çalışan 6 bin kişiden 2 bininin işten çıkarılması. Buna ek olarak, geri kalan çalışanlar artık beş yıl boyunca ücretsiz artışı almayacak, yüksek maaş alan personel ile yönetimin ve denetim kurulunun ücretlerinde kesinti yapılacak ve temettü ödemeleri askıya alınacak.
Başbakan Netanyahu hükümeti El Al ile bir kurtarma paketi müzakere etti. Korona krizinden kurtulmak için şu anda El Al yönetim kurulunun onayını bekleyen teklif, firmanın temerrüde düşmesi durumunda toplam 250 milyon dolarlık devlet destekli kredilerden oluşan yüzde 75 garantili bir kurtarma paketi sunuyor.
Buna karşılık yönetim, İsrail’in dünya çapında giriş yasağı ve sınır kapanışlarından ciddi şekilde etkilenen şirketi yeniden yapılandırma sözü verdi. Bu nedenle El Al, toplam 6.000 çalışanın üçte birini işten çıkaracak. Çalışanlar beş yıl boyunca ücretsiz uçuş ücreti almayacak, yüksek maaş alanların ücretlerinde kesinti yapılarken, yönetim ve denetim kurulunun ücretleri kesilecek, temettü ödemeleri askıya alınacak.
Havayolu üç ile beş yıl sonra yeniden özelleştirilecek.Miniature pot-bellied pigs are the latest pet craze amongst animal enthusiasts. Piglets are adorable to watch and play with, but the main concern is their rapidly growing size.
With increased interest in keeping pigs as pets, a 25-year breeding program was initiated to create small versions of farm pigs in the 90s. It was this program that introduced healthy miniature pot-bellied pigs to the world. They were small in size and thus, perfect for keeping as pets.
If you keep these pigs as pets, size is not an issue as the genes of this breed are modified in such a way that even at maturity, they retain their small size. As long as they feed on healthy diet and perform regular exercise, optimal health is expected. On the contrary, fatty foods and less physical activity can lead to weight gain and health problems.
Don't get fooled by advertisements that call these pigs 'teacup pigs' though, as the 'teacup' size only exists at their birth. At full-growth, these pigs weigh about 30 - 60 lbs. They mature within 2 - 3 years of birth. So, you can imagine the size of these pigs. Their prospective lifespan is approximately 15 - 20 years.
Miniature Pot-bellied Pigs as Pets
The most important aspect to be considered while planning to keep them is their dwelling. You can think of constructing a sufficiently large pen. Ensure that the temperature of the pen is maintained at 70 °F or a little higher. Besides this, they need cooling in warm weather. In such a case, you can take them out in the yard or to the pool to cool down.
These pigs are clean, gentle, lovable, intelligent, and trainable. However, they can be destructive at times, specially when kept on an empty stomach for a long time. They seldom bite humans, but it's better to be careful; especially if you have kids. You will have to keep a close supervision on these pigs, particularly in the first few weeks of training.
Specially formulated foods are available in pet stores for feeding these pigs. You can supplement these foods with fresh fruits, vegetables, and cooked dishes. As we all know, all pigs have a quest for food.
Be sure to feed your pigs at regular intervals. Plan a feeding program, and they will get used to it. Additionally, make sure that adequate amount of clean water is available to them.
House training pigs is not as difficult as you think. You can train them to defecate in litter box or outside. In the first few days, you can take them outdoors after they wake up, and after
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da davetimi kabul edip bana inansınlar, doğru yolda yürüyenlerden olsunlar"
Anlamlarını sunduğumuz bu ve bunlara benzer diğer âyeti kerimelerden de anlaşılıyor ki Allah'a dua etmek bir buyruktur ve kulun kulluk vazifesidir. Allah'a dua kişiyi hiçbir zaman küçültmez. Bilakis, insanın Allah'a teslimiyetini ifade eder. İnsanın, Allah'ın azameti ve kudreti karşısında ne kadar aciz olduğunu, ancak O'na inandığını, O'na güvendiğini, kulluğunu O'na arz ettiğini ifade eder. Çünkü dua eden, ancak Allah'a inandığı için dua etmektedir. Dua eden kimse Allah'ın emrini yerine getirmiş olduğundan sevap kazanır. Zira dua bir ibadettir. Allah Elçisi: "Dua ibadetin özüdür" buyurur. Dua eden kul Allah'ına yaklaşmıştır. Ruhu Allah ile çok yakın ilgi kurmuştur. Zaten ibadetin aslı da O yüce kudrete yaklaşmak değil midir? Kurân-ı Kerim'in pek çok yerinde geçen dua lafzı, çok kere ibadet anlamında kullanılmıştır.
Peygamberimizin ve İslâm bilginlerinin bildirdiklerine göre dua insanın manevi dünyasını zenginleştirmesi, insanı ruh olgunluğuna yüceltmesi bakımından pek çok yararlıdır. Ta ki kişi duayı içtenlikle inanarak, ısrarla ve sürekli olarak yapsın. Zaten Kurân-ı Kerim'de: "Ey insanlar! Allah'ı çok anın, O'nu sabah akşam teşbih edin." "Allah'ı çok anın ki saadete erişesiniz" anlamlarındaki ayetler, duayı dilimizden eksik etmememizi hatırlatmaktadır. Dua, yüce Allah'a karşı, dilek ve arzumuzu, af ve mağfiret niyazımızı arz etmek olduğu için, kendine özgü bir usûl ve adap içerisinde yapılmalıdır,
b) Duada Dikkat Edilecek Hususlar:
İslâmî usûle göre dua yapmak için şu hususlara dikkat etmekte yarar vardır.
Dua, her zaman yapılabilir. Ancak Ramazan, Arefe, Bayram, Cuma günleri özellikle seher vakitleri ile, namaz sonlarında, secde aralarında ve savaş içinde saflar teşkil edildiği sıralarda yapılan dualar daha makbuldür.
Dua yapılırken genellikle kıbleye dönmek, fakat gözleri göğe dikmemek gerekir.
Dua; bağırıp çağırmadan, sesi fazla yükseltmeden huzur ve huşu ile yapılmalıdır. Dua'da kızgınlıkla kötü sözler söylememek, dua ederken Allah'tan başka her şeyi kalpten çıkarıp, yalnız O'nu düşünmek ve O'na güvenmek şarttır.
Dua'nın Allah tarafından kabul edileceğine inanmak, duaya hemen dileğini söyleyerek değil, önce Allah'a hamdederek, Peygamberimize salat ve selam getirerek başlamak lazımdır.
Duanın kabul olması için; hak yememek, kime kötülük yapmışsak ondan helallik almak, herkese iyilik düşünmek, ibadet ve taate yönelmek icap eder.
Yine duanın kabul olması için, ana-babayı kırmamak, onları razı etmek, mazlumun ahından kaçınmak gerekir.
Şunu da hatırlatmak isteriz ki, İslâm'daki dua adabında "Dua ettim, ettim de kabul edilmedi" demek doğru değildir.
Yapılan duanın kabul olup olmaması Allah'ın takdirindedir. Kendimizi ıslah etmemiz, imanımızı yüceltmemiz gerekirken, "Duam kabul olmadı" demek İslâm inanç ve ahlâkına aykırıdır. Unutulmamalıdır ki her dua, Allah katında muhafaza edilir. Karşılığı ya dünyada ya da ahirette verilir. Ne zaman ve nerede verileceğini biz bilemediğimiz için duam kabul olmadı demek hatadır. İnanç zaafından ileri gelir. Allah'a dua etmenin, O'na yakarışta bulunmanın, O'na güvenmenin insan ruhu üzerinde çok olumlu etkisi vardır. Çünkü dua, psikolojik anlamda bir boşalmadır. Kişi, ruhunu sıkan birtakım duygu ve düşüncelerinden arınmak istediği zaman yaratanına sığınmakla, O'na yakarışta bulunmakla hafiflediğini hisseder. Af ve mağfiret dilemekle günahlarından temizlendiğine inanır. Bu inanç dua edene huzur ve sükun verir.
Nitekim konuya ilişkin olarak Dr. Alexis Carrel de şöyle demektedir.
"Dua, zihni ve uzvî bir değişiklik meydana getirir. Bu değişiklik tedrici olur. İnsan ne ise kendisini öylece olduğu gibi görür. Bencilliğini, ihtirasını, hatalarını, kibrini görür. Ahlâkî görevini yapmaya doğru yön alır. Fikri tevazu kazanmaya çalışır. Onda iç sükûnet, ahlakî faaliyetler ahengi, yoksulluğa, iftiraya, gam ve kedere, ızdıraplara karşı daha çetin sabır ve tahammül başlar. Bununla beraber dua, uyuşturucu bir morfin tesiri yapıyor değildir."
Dua ile ilgili olarak Peygamber Efendimiz'in buyurduğu birkaç hadis mealini sunarak konuyu tamamlayalım.
"Dua ibadetin iliği ve özüdür."
"Şüphesiz ki Allah,ısrar ile dua eden kulunu sever."
"Kim yüce Allah 'a dua etmezse, Allah ona gazap eder."
Ünlü devlet adamı Mahatma Gandhi de şöyle söylemektedir:
"Dua ve ibadet olmasaydı, ben çoktan çıldıracaktım."
Kabirlere Kurban Adamak
Halkımızdan bazıları belki de bilmeyerek bazı kabir ve türbelere kurban adıyorlar. Bu yanlış bir uygulamadır. Öyleyse doğrusu nedir? Adak ne demektir? Şartları nelerdir? Önce ana hatlarıyla bunu açıklayıp daha sonra da yanlışlığın ne şekilde yapıldığını belirtmeye çalışalım.
İslâm dinine göre adak=nezir: "Allah Teâlâ'ya ta'zim için mubah bir fiilin yapılmasını deruhte etmek, öyle bir işin yapılmasını kendi nefsine vacip kılmaktır". Bir başka ifade ile, "Bir kimsenin Allah tarafından, yapılması kendisine emrolunmamış bir işi, kendi nefsine vacip kılmasıdır". Tecrid-i Salih'te ise, "Adak mübah olan bir şeyi Allah rızası için kendi nefsine vacip kılmaktır" diye tanımlanmaktadır. Ahkam-ı Kur'aniye'de de: "Allah tarafından vacip kılınmayan birşey ile kendi kendine borçlanmak, kendini yük altına almaktır" şeklinde ifade edilmiştir.
Ancak adakta en çok dikkat edilecek husus, adak olarak yapılacak işin cinsinden FARZ veya VACİP bir ibadetin bulunması şartına riayet edilmesidir.
Şöyle ki bir kimse, "Allah için bir gün oruç tutayım veya Allah rızası için bir kurban keseyim" derse bu, nezir (adak) geçerlidir. Çünkü oruç nevinden farz, kurban cinsinden vacip bir ibadet vardır. Fakat bir kimse, "Falan hastayı ziyarete gitmeyi nezrediyorum (adıyorum)" dese, bu adağı geçerli değildir. Zira ziyaret farz ve vacip cinsinden bir ibadet değildir.
İslâm dinine göre adak, yerine getirilmesi gereken vacip bir hükümdür. Çünkü Kurân-ı Kerim'de: ..Adaklarını ifa etsinler" (Hac, 29) buyrulmaktadır.
Peygamberim Efendimiz de: "Kim Allah'a itaat etmeyi nezretmişse ona itaat etsin, kim de Allah 'a isyan etmeyi nezretmişse ona isyan etmesin" buyururlar
Adak yapılacak kurbanın kesilmesinin borç olması için aşağıdaki şartların bilinmesi gerekir:
1. Adak kurbanının cinsi dinimizin kabul ettiği hayvan türlerinden olmalıdır. Bunlar; keçi, koyun, sığır, manda ve deve cinsi hayvanlardır. Tavuk, horoz, hindi, ördek, kaz gibi kümes hayvanlarından kurban adağı olmaz. Ama halkımızdan pek çok Müslüman, adak olsun diye tavuk ve horoz kesiyorlar. Belirttiğimiz gibi bu hayvanlardan adak kurbanı olmaz.
2. Adanan kurban, kişinin zaten kesmesi gereken kurban olmamalıdır. Mesela: Zengin bir kimse, "Şu işim olursa Kurban Bayramı'nda bir kurban keseyim" diye adakta bulunursa, o kimse işi olunca iki kurban birden kesmesi gerekir. Birisi adağı için, diğeri de zaten kesmesi vacip olan kurbanı için.
3. Adanan kurban Allah'a masiyet (itaatsizlik, günah) olan bir adak olmamalıdır. Mesela: "Şu işim olursa nefsimi hak yolunda kurban edeyim" diye yapılan bir adak gibi. Bu adak değil, intihar olur, cinayet olur.
4. Adanan kurbanın kesilmesi imkânsız olmamalıdır.
5. Adanan kurban, adayanın kendi malından fazla ya da başkasına ait olmamalıdır. Meselâ: Bir kimse başkasının koyununu kesmeyi adasa bu adak geçerli değildir.
6. Bir şarta bağlı olarak kurban kesmeyi adayan kimse o şart gerçekleşmeden kurbanı kesemez. Sınıfı geçersem bir kurban keseceğim diyen bir şahıs, ancak sınıfını geçince kurbanını keser.
7. Şarta bağlı olarak kurban kesmeyi adayan bir kişi, şartın yerine gelmesinden sonra istediği zamanda kurbanını keser.
8. Bir kimse adayacağı kurbanını yalnız Allah için adamalıdır. Allah'tan gayrisi adına kurban kesilmez.
İşte en çok yanlışlık bu hususta yapılmaktadır. Zira İslâm'da bir yatıra, bir kabre, tekkeye veya falan devlet adamına kurban adamak caiz değildir. Çünkü kurban, vacip olan bir ibadet olması hasebiyle yalnız Allah rızası için, Allah adıyla kesilir.
Kabirlere gidip kurban kesme adeti İslâm'dan önceki kavimlerin müşrik adetlerindendir. İslâm dini kabirler üzerine kurban kesmeyi yasaklamıştır.
Hz. Muhammed Efendimiz (S.A.S.), bir hadislerinde: "Kabirler üzerine kurban kesmek İslamiyet'te yoktur" buyurmuşlardır. Buna göre İslâm dininde olmayan bir adeti varmış gibi kabul etmek, kötü bir bid'ât olup, büyük bir manevi sorumluluğu vardır.
Bir Müslüman kurban adarken dileğinin olmasını Allah'tan değil de bir kabirden veya türbeden beklerse küfre gider. Bu nedenle adak yapmak isteyen bir kişi, adakla ilgili arz ettiğimiz şartları dikkate almalı veya bir bilen yetkiliye sormalıdır.
Adak, kabir veya bir yatır başına gitmeden de kesilir. Allah rızası için kesilen kurbanın sevabı, orada yatan zatın ruhuna ithaf olunabilir. Allah'a mağfiret etmesi için dua edilir. Bu caizdir. Ancak, "Kurbanımı şu zatın yüzü suyu hürmetine dileğimin yerine gelmesi için kestim" diyemez.
Şu bilinmelidir ki, İslâm'da Allah'a tazim ve taat için hiçbir aracıya lüzum yoktur. Mü'min, Rabbine karşı şükranını, kulluğunu vasıtasız arz eder. Nitekim beş vakit namazın her rekatında FATİHA sûresini okurken 5. ayette: "Ancak sana kulluk ederiz ve yalnız senden yardım dileriz" deriz. Çünkü İslâm esaslarına göre Allah'tan başkasına kulluk etmek, ilâhi takdiri başkasından beklemek caiz değildir.
Allah'ın takdir ettiği şeyin hiçbir şekilde değişmesine imkan yoktur. Nezir; ilahi iradeyi değiştirmez. Ancak nezredeni cimrilikten kurtarır.
Kabirler ölümü tefekkür, ahireti hatırlatma ve ibret almak için ziyaret edilir. Orada yatanlar için Kurân okunur, ruhlarına Allah rızası için bağışlanır. Ancak onların şefaatçi olması ümidiyle mezar başlarında kurban kesilmez.
Çünkü İslâm inancına göre kudsiyet yalnız bir varlık üzerinde toplanmıştır. O da Cenab-ı Hak'tır. Başka hiçbir varlığa kudsiyet vermek caiz değildir. Onun için İslâm anlayışında "Mukaddes hatıra" yoktur. Bir güne, bir adama, bir hatıraya veya başka bir şeye kudsiyet atfetmek puta tapıcılığın şekillerinden birisidir. Müslümanlık ise putperestliğin amansız düşmanıdır. Binaenaleyh Müslümanlık Allah'ın emrettiği, Peygamberimizin öğrettiği, İslâm bilginlerinin açıkladığı esaslara uygun olarak yapılır.
Kendi istek ve arzumuza veya falan şahsın keyfine göre hükümler değiştirilemez
Kadın ve Hurafe
Tarih incelendiğinde görülüyor ki kadın, haklar bakımından asırlar boyu ihmal edilmiş, horlanmış, en ağır zulüm, baskı ve işkencelere maruz tutulmuştur. 19. yüzyılın ortalarına kadar, gerek Avrupa, gerekse Asya'da kadın, hukukundan yoksun bırakılmıştır.
Mesela: Yahudi kızları babalarının evlerinde hizmetçi kabul edilmiş, ÎRAN'da MEZDEK, ana ve kız kardeşle evlenmeyi meşru gören yeni bir din kurmuştu!.. Çin ve Hind gibi çok eski milletlerde de kadının sosyal mevkisi çok düşüktü. Hind'de kadın, zavallı bir yaratık olarak kabul ediliyor, her türlü aşağılık arzulara alet ediliyordu. Vedaları okumaktan uzak tutuluyor, ayin ve merasimlere kabul edilmiyordu. Kadının dini efendisine hizmet etmekti. Görevi ve değeri, eğer kocası ölmüş ise onun cesedi üzerinde kendisini yakmasıydı.
Eski Yunanlılarda da kadın, medeni haklar adına hiçbir şeye malik değildi. Kadın kocasının, kocası yoksa babasının, o da olmazsa akrabasından diğer erkeklerin vasiliği altında yaşardı. Kocası onu istediği zaman boşar ya da başkasına devredebilirdi.
Eski Roma'da da kadının durumu çok feciydi. Hatta Roma'da bazı toplantılarda, kadının ruhsuz ve edebi hayattan nasibi olmayan bir hayvandan ve şeytanın iğrenç işinden ibaret bulunduğuna dair kararlar alındığı bile vakidir.
Ortaçağda Bizans'ın en şaşaalı zamanlarında bile kadının sosyal mevkisi çok düşüktü. Bizans'ta kadının durumu kısaca şöyleydi:
Kadın erkeğin malı idi. Onda istediği gibi tasarruf hakkı vardı. Hayat ve ölümü eşinin elindeydi. Köle olarak kabul edilirdi. Kadının önce babasının, evlendikten sonra kocasının, kocası ölünce de oğlunun esiri idi. Kadın bir şehvet metaı addolunurdu. En medeni olan Atinalılar arasında bile kadın çarşılarda satılır, .başkalarına ihale olunurdu. O sadece evin düzeni, çocuklara bakmak için lâzımdı.
1788 yıllarına kadar kadın İngiltere'de de kocasına mutlak itaate mecbur olup hemen hemen hiçbir hakka sahip değildi.
1888 yılında İngiliz piskoposlarından "Dour", Vestminister kilisesinde yaptığı bir konuşmasında şöyle diyordu. "Bundan 100 sene evveline gelinceye kadar kadın, erkeğin sofrasına oturmak hakkına sahip olmadığı gibi sorulmadan söze başlaması da caiz değildi.
Kocası da başının ucuna kocaman bir sopa asardı ki karısı ne zaman bir emrini tutmazsa, onu kullanırdı. Kadının sözü kızlarına geçmezdi. Erkek çocukları ise analarına ev içinde bir hizmetçi kadından fazla paye vermezlerdi.
İslâmiyet'ten önce Arap Yarımadası'nda da kadının durumu yürekler acısı idi. Araplar kızlara karşı olan nefrette o kadar ileri gidiyorlardı ki, yaşama hakkını dahi onlara çok görüyorlardı. Kız çocuklarını diri diri toprağa gömmeyi kendilerine göre fazilet kabul ediyorlardı. Herhangi birisinin bir kız çocuğu dünyaya geldiği zaman öfkesinden ne yapacağını bilemezdi.
Kutsal kitabımız Kuran-ı Kerim onların bu insanlık dışı davranışlarını şöyle anlatır:
"Onlardan birine kız doğumu müjdesi verilince öfkeli olarak yüzü simsiyah kesilir. Kendisine verilen kötü müjde yüzünden halktan gizlenmeye çalışır. Onu utana utana tutsun mu? Toprağa mı gömsün?.." (Nahl Suresi, Âyet, 58,59).
İslam'a kadar bütün dünyada kadın değersiz bir yaratık olarak kabul edilmiş, yüzyıllar boyu ona hiçbir sosyal hak tanınmamıştır.
İslâm'dan önce Hz. İsa kadınlar hakkında iyi düşünceliydi, onların hukukunu korumak istedi. Ama kilise Hıristiyanlığın kadınlar hakkında şefkat ve merha
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相关链接：Il crypto exchange Coinbase, con sede negli Stati Uniti, sta espandendo le sue operazioni a Singapore dopo aver ottenuto un'importante approvazione da parte della banca centrale del Paese.
Coinbase ha ottenuto la licenza di "Major Payment Institution" (MPI) dalla Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS), ha annunciato il 1° Ottobre. La nuova licenza — che arriva un anno dopo l'approvazione iniziale di Coinbase a Singapore — consente all'azienda di espandere i servizi di pagamento digitale con token a privati e istituzioni del Paese.
Secondo la MAS, le aziende con licenza MPI sono autorizzate a svolgere servizi di pagamento senza essere soggette ai limiti di transazione pari a 3 milioni di dollari di Singapore (2,2 milioni di dollari). Le società autorizzate sono inoltre esenti dal limite di 6 milioni di SG$ (4,4 milioni di dollari) per le transazioni mensili relative a due o più servizi di pagamento diversi dall'emissione di e-money account e dai servizi di cambio valuta.
La nuova licenza "non è solo una convalida delle operazioni di Coinbase", ma rappresenta anche una responsabilità nei confronti della crescente community crypto e Web3 di Singapore, ha dichiarato l'azienda nell'annuncio.
Coinbase ha sviluppato attivamente prodotti e servizi pensati appositamente per Singapore, lanciando PayNow e i trasferimenti bancari FAST nel Marzo 2023. Inoltre ha integrato SingPass, il servizio di identità digitale di Singapore, per semplificare l'onboarding. Infine, Coinbase ha collaborato con le principali aziende locali di blockchain, tra cui Nansen.ai, Blockdaemon e Infura, per espandere i suoi prodotti come Base blockchain e wallet-as-a-service.
"Fin dal nostro ingresso nella Città del Leone, abbiamo identificato Singapore come un mercato vitale per Coinbase", ha dichiarato l'exchange, sottolineando che nel suo recente sondaggio più del 30% dei singaporiani è risultato essere proprietario attuale o passato di criptovalute. L'annuncio ha aggiunto:
"Singapore è diventata naturalmente una sede importante per questo settore. Inoltre, Singapore è sede di oltre 700 aziende Web3, il che la rende un mercato cardine per la crescita della criptoeconomia e dell'economia Web3."
Coinbase non ha risposto immediatamente alla richiesta di commento di Cointelegraph.
Come riportato in precedenza, le più importanti società di criptovalute del mondo stanno ottenendo sempre più spesso la licenza MPI di Singapore. Blockchain.com, provider di dati e wallet cripto, è diventata la dodicesima società a ricevere la licenza ad Agosto 2023. Anche Circle, l'emittente di stablecoin USD Coin (USDC), ha ricevuto la licenza MPI nel Giugno 2023, dopo il crypto exchange Crypto.com.
Traduzione a cura di Matteo Carrone8月10日，彭博社公布了 2019全球最富有的 25个家族名单。这些家族控制着全球超过 1.4万亿美元的财富，与去年同期相比增长了约 24%。
美国零售巨头沃尔玛 （Walmart Inc.）的创始家族 Walton 家族以合计 1905亿美元的财富再次位列榜单第一位。彭博数据显示，Walton 家族的财富正在以每分钟 7万美元、每小时 400万美元，每天 1亿美元的速度增长。
德芙巧克力、M&M 豆的生产商玛氏集团（Mars）、科氏工业集团（Koch Industries）的家族所有人分别以 1265亿美元和 1245亿美元的财富居于榜单第二、第三。
值得注意的是，掌管法国奢侈品牌 Chanel（香奈儿）和 Hermès（爱马仕）的 Wertheimer 家族与 Dumas 家族分别以 576亿美元和 531亿美 …以高达120多公里的时速在蜿蜒的冰冻赛道中，采用俯卧头朝前的姿态飞速滑行，需要克服离心力和失重感的不适，在仅50秒左右的时间里下降约40层楼（116米）的垂直落差，滑过近1.4公里长的赛道，这就是第十四届全国冬季运动会正式比赛项目——钢架雪车。
钢架雪车，英文Skeleton，又称无舵雪车、俯式冰撬，是在传统的雪车的基础上延伸出来的一种运动项目。19世纪发源于瑞士山区的小城圣莫里茨。在1884年这里举行了第一次钢架雪车俯式冰橇比赛。钢架雪车曾于1928年和1948年瑞士圣莫里茨冬奥会上进行过比赛。钢架雪车由于速度极快，又头部朝下，危险性极高，曾一度离开冬奥会，直到2002年盐湖城举行的冬季奥运会，钢架雪车才重新回归冬奥会，成为正式比赛项目。
钢架雪车比赛所用的赛道与雪橇相同，不同的是比赛使用的雪橇和滑行的姿势，选手俯身躺在雪车上，头朝前脚在后。目前，冬奥会俯式冰撬比赛共设男子单人座和女子单人座2个小项。提到中国钢架雪车运动的发展不得不提到耿文强这个名字。在耿文强一战成名之前，钢架雪车在中国还属于一片空白，甚至很多冬季运动从业者人都是首次知道这个项目。欧美选手在过去一直占领着主角的位置，该项目在中国的起步虽然很晚，但近两年中国选手的竞技水平提升速度非常快。
1995年生的耿文强是土生土长的内蒙古人，2006年他开始练习跳远，师从奈曼体校王海青教练门下。5年后就被内蒙古田径队选中，开始正式走上田径之路。2015年的内蒙古自治区第十届大学生运动会上，他在男子甲组超级组跳远决赛中以7.39米的优异成绩打破了内蒙古自治区大运会跳远记录荣获冠军。也是这一年，国家钢架雪车队到内蒙古挑选队员，耿文强被领队一眼看中，从此他正式成为了国家钢架雪车队的一员。
因为训练刻苦，成立优异，耿文强被选为中国钢架雪车队队长，2015年11月踏上出国训练的首站加拿大卡尔加里，之后又到了德国国王湖训练。2016年1月在瑞士圣莫里兹钢架雪车国际邀请赛中他获得铜牌，填补了我国在该项目上奖牌的空白。同年11月在德国钢架雪车洲际杯比赛中他又获得铜牌，被提名cctv5+冰雪项目最佳突破奖。
2018年2月16日，在平昌冬奥会钢架雪车比赛中，中国选手耿文强以总成绩3分24秒65获得第13名。耿文强完成中国选手在该项目冬奥会首秀，不仅晋级决赛，而且还拿到了第13名的好成绩。对于23岁的耿文强来说，即将到来的2022年北京冬奥会，将是他率领中国钢架雪车军团，摘金夺银的战场。
作为第一位登上钢架雪车奥运舞台的中国队选手，耿文强让世界见证了中国速度，书写了中国代表团冬奥历史的崭新一页。更难可能可贵的是，耿文强从田径转向冰雪项目后训练时间十分有限。仅仅2年的时间，他就能在国际赛上获得奖牌，并闯进冬奥会的比赛，耿文强的勇气和拼搏值得肯定。
关于梦想，耿文强从未向外界透露过。他只是说，没实现前，追梦人的脚步就不能停歇，这个梦想会一直伴随着他的钢架雪车生涯，与钢架雪车队共筑梦。
为了备战北京2022冬奥会，目前国家雪车队都长时间在德国、加拿大等滑行运动发达的国家驻训。根据此前北京2022冬奥组委的公开信息，已经开建的延庆雪橇雪车中心有望在2019-2020雪季前竣工。在2020年第十四届全国冬季运动会上，我们将有机会一起感受钢架雪车这项运动的魅力，同时一睹中国钢架雪车第一人——耿文强的风采。
足球频道特别推出《冬运·冬韵》特别栏目，目的是展示我国冰雪运动发展，激发全民健身，推动3亿人参与冰雪运动。每周日推出《冬运·冬韵》系列节目。TESOL Sertifikası Hakkında Bilmeniz Gerekenler
TESOL sertifikası, dünya genelinde İngilizce öğretme becerinizi onaylayan bir belgedir. Ancak, bu sertifikayı almak ve kullanmak hakkında ne bilmeliyiz? İşte TESOL sertifikası hakkında bilmeniz gereken her şey.
TESOL Sertifikası Nedir?
TESOL, “Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages” yani “Diğer Dilleri Konuşanlara İngilizce Öğretme” anlamına gelir. Bu sertifika, İngilizce öğretme yeteneğinizi kanıtlar ve dünya genelinde kabul görür. Sertifikayı alabilmek için belirli bir eğitim seviyesi ve İngilizce dil becerisi gereklidir.
TESOL Sertifikasının Önemi
TESOL sertifikası, İngilizce öğretmenliği konusunda küresel bir standarttır. Bu belge, bir öğretmenin öğrencilerin dil öğrenme ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilecek uygun eğitim stratejilerini ve teknikleri bilmekte olduğunu kanıtlar. Ayrıca, İngilizce öğretmenliği alanında profesyonel bir yeterlilik göstergesi olarak kabul edilir.
TESOL Sertifikasının Avantajları
TESOL sertifikası, size bir dizi iş fırsatı sunar. Bu sertifikayı taşıyan bir öğretmen olarak, yerel ve uluslararası okullar, dil kursları, üniversiteler ve online eğitim platformlarında iş bulabilirsiniz. Ayrıca, TESOL sertifikası olan öğretmenler genellikle daha yüksek maaş ve daha iyi iş koşulları elde ederler.
TESOL Sertifikası Nasıl Alınır?
TESOL sertifikası almak için kurs süreci, ödevlendirmeler ve değerlendirmeler gibi bir dizi adımı takip etmeniz gerekmektedir.
TESOL Sertifikası Alma Süreci
TESOL sertifikası almak genellikle birkaç ay süren bir süreçtir. Bu süre zarfında, bir dizi kursu tamamlamanız, birçok farklı öğretme tekniğini öğrenmeniz ve genellikle bir sınavda başarılı olmanız gerekecektir.
TESOL Sertifikası İçin Gerekli Şartlar
TESOL sertifikası almak için genellikle bir lisans derecesi ve yeterli düzeyde İngilizce dil becerisine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bazı programlar, lisans derecesi yerine yükseköğretim diploması kabul etse de, genellikle bir üniversite derecesi tercih edilmektedir.
TESOL Sertifikası ile Hangi İşleri Yapabilirim?
TESOL sertifikası, yurdışında ya da kendi ülkenizde çevrimiçi İngilizce öğretmenliği, müfredat hazırlama ve İngilizce dil öğrenim danışmanlığı gibi alanlarda bir çok çeşitli iş olanakları sunar.
TESOL Sertifikalı İş Olanakları
TESOL sertifikası olan biri olarak, hem Türkiye’de hem de yurtdışında birçok farklı türde iş bulabilirsiniz. Örneğin, özel okullarda, dil kurslarında, üniversitelerde ve çevrimiçi eğitim platformlarında İngilizce öğretme fırsatları bulabilirsiniz.
TESOL Sertifikası ile İlgili Genel Yanılgılar
Bir TESOL sertifikası sadece yurtdışında çalışmayı planlayan öğretmenler için değildir. Aslında, Türkiye’deki birçok okul ve dil kursu da bu sertifikayı tercih etmektedir. Bununla birlikte, sertifikayı almak için İngilizcenin ana diliniz olması gerekmez.
TESOL Sertifikası Kimlere Uygundur?
TESOL sertifikası, İngilizce öğretmeni olmayı hedefleyenler, halihazırda öğretmenler olanlar, kariyer değişikliği yapmak isteyenler, yeni mezunlar, yurtdışında öğretmenlik yapmak isteyenler gibi bir çok çeşitli geçmişlere ve yaş gruplarına sahip kişilere uygundur.
TESOL Sertifikasının İdeal Adayları
TESOL sertifikası almayı düşünen ideal adaylar arasında yeni mezunlar, kariyer değiştirmek isteyen yetişkinler ve İngilizce öğretme konusunda tutkulu olanlar bulunmaktadır. Sertifika, İngilizce öğretmenliği alanında kariyer yapmak isteyen herkese açıktır.
TESOL Sertifikasının Kazanımları
TESOL sertifikası, size küresel iş olanakları, daha yüksek maaş potansiyeli ve kişisel tatmin gibi birçok fayda sunar. Ayrıca, bu sertifika ile dil eğitimi alanında kendinizi daha fazla geliştirebilir ve öğrencilerinize daha etkili öğretim teknikleri sunabilirsiniz.
Sonuç
TESOL sertifikası, İngilizce öğretmenliği alanında geniş bir yelpazede iş fırsatları sunar. Bu belgeyi almak, İngilizce öğretmeni olarak profesyonel yeterliliklerinizi kanıtlamak ve dünya genelinde iş fırsatları bulmak için önemli bir adımdır.
Sıkça Sorulan Sorular
- TESOL sertifikası ne kadar sürede alınır?
- TESOL sertifikası almak genellikle birkaç ay süren bir süreçtir. Ancak, bu süre programın yoğunluğuna ve kişinin öğrenme hızına bağlı olarak değişebilir.
- TESOL sertifikası almak için hangi şartları karşılamam gerekiyor?
- Genellikle bir lisans derecesi ve yeterli düzeyde İngilizce dil becerisi gereklidir. Ancak, bazı programlar daha az şartlarla da kabul edebilir.
- TESOL sertifikası ile hangi ülkelerde çalışabilirim?
- TESOL sertifikası, dünya genelinde kabul görür ve birçok ülkede İngilizce öğretmeni olarak çalışmanıza olanak sağlar.
- TESOL sertifikası almam için İngilizce’nin ana dilim olması gerekiyor mu?
- Hayır, TESOL sertifikası almak için İngilizcenin ana diliniz olması gerekmez. Ancak, belirli bir seviyede İngilizce dil becerisine ihtiyaç duyulur.
- TESOL sertifikası ile sadece okullarda mı çalışabilirim?
- Hayır, TESOL sertifikası olan öğretmenler özel okullar, dil kursları, üniversiteler ve çevrimiçi eğitim platformlarında da iş bulabilirler.准确地估算任何建筑项目的成本，其中一项最重要的任务;作为承包商知道 - 这是利润赢得或丢失的关键。
它也是最具挑战性的。事实上，最近Intuit Quickbooks和Tsheets调试调查，证明，大约40％的承包商缺乏对工作估计的准确性的信心，近三分之一（29％）回应了他们的利润收入通常不如他们所预期的。此外，无法低估计算材料成本和数量的重要性;毕竟，谁想成为必须延迟工作的建筑公司，因为，尴尬地，工人没有正确的材料供应来完成工作？对盈利能力的另一个威胁是过度放养的，材料的昂贵数量，这可能永远无法使用。
为了帮助具体的承包商优化他们的费用并避免这种陷阱，vcalc.com已开发出全面的在线计算器套件，以帮助准确估计施工专业人员和DIY-后院几乎任何项目的真实材料需求（螺纹钢，具体）-老板！BN Products-USA™与VCALC合作，提供用于对钢筋和具体数量的公共计算工具，或者您可以参与vcalc的综合名单专门的钢筋计算和方程。
在混凝土建筑行业之外，vcalc.com提供了数百个计算器和数千个方程，以帮助解决常见需求的任何人......数量很重要！
什么是vcalc？
VCALC拥有数百个计算器，由工程师，大学教授，来自世界各地的学生创造的数千方程，以及像你这样的人。主题范围从复杂的科学方程到实际日常方程式。学到更多
来自vcalc.com的更多计算器
- 钢筋直径：提供不同尺寸的钢筋的直径。
- 网格中的钢筋长度：计算一个或多个钢筋的钢筋的线性脚。
- 网格中的重量：计算一个或多个钢筋的钢筋重量。
- 钢筋长度的重量：计算重量从钢筋尺寸和任何长度。
- 混凝土板的区域：根据矩形板的长度和宽度计算区域。
- 混凝土板的体积：计算板坯所需的混凝土的立方码。
- 混凝土板的重量：计算板坯中混凝土的大致重量。
- 钢筋电网的重量和混凝土板：计算组合的板坯和钢筋重量。
- 钢筋 - 不规则形状的板坯：估计不规则形状板坯中的钢筋的数量。
- 圆形板坯的体积：计算圆形板中的混凝土的立方码。
- 螺纹圈在一个圆形板块：计算圆形板中钢筋的长度和重量。
- 钢筋流离失所的混凝土：计算板坯中钢筋流离失所的立方码。
- 墙壁 - 钢筋，混凝土和形式：计算混凝土墙所需的钢筋，混凝土和材料的数量。
- 钢筋研磨长度：根据钢筋的大小计算钢筋接头处所需的长度重叠。
- 钢筋的成本：提供项目的钢筋成本。
- 这螺纹钢计算器还有具体的功能来帮助您计算：
西班牙语的钢筋计算
钢筋计算器现在可以用西班牙语提供。它具有西班牙语说明，标签和图表，并且在度量系统（SI）中也有默认单位。长度为米，厘米，区域处于平方米，体积分别为立方米，重量是公斤和公制吨。
- Barra de Refuerzo：Longitud en UnaCuadrícula
- Barra de refuerzo：Peso en UnaCuadrícula
- Peso de barra de refuerzo portamañoylongitud
- Losa不规则：Longitud o Peso de Barra de Refuerzo
- Losa：ÁreaDeureficie（M2）
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، شما نام پرس و جو TargetSales را بررسی کرده اید و متوجه شده اید که این نام مفید نیست زیرا هر سال یک پرس و جو با این نام خواهید داشت.
برای جلوگیری از سردرگمی ، می خواهید سال را به نام پرس و جو اضافه کنید.
در Power Query Editor ، در پنجره Queries در سمت چپ داده های خود ، عبارت مورد نظر را که می خواهید تغییر نام دهید ، انتخاب کنید.
روی عبارت مورد نظر راست کلیک کرده و Rename را انتخاب کنید. نام فعلی را ویرایش کنید یا نام جدیدی تایپ کنید و سپس Enter را فشار دهید.
برای خرید لایسنس نرم افزار Power BI کلیک کنید
مقادیر را جایگزین کنید
می توانید از قابلیت Replace Values در Power Query Editor برای جایگزینی هر مقدار با مقدار دیگر در ستون انتخاب شده استفاده کنید.
در این مثال ، متوجه می شوید که در ستون Attribute ، ماه دسامبر غلط املایی دارد. شما باید این غلط املایی را اصلاح کنید. ستونی را که حاوی مقداری است که می خواهید جایگزین کنید (در این مورد ویژگی) را انتخاب کنید و سپس در برگه Transform گزینه Replace Values را انتخاب کنید.
در کادر Value to Find نام مقداری را که می خواهید جایگزین شود وارد کنید و سپس در کادر Replace With نام مقدار صحیح را وارد کرده و سپس OK را انتخاب کنید.
در Power Query ، نمی توانید یک سلول را انتخاب کرده و یک مقدار را تغییر دهید ، مانند آنچه در Excel انجام داده اید.
می توانید لیست مراحل انجام شده برای بازسازی و تصحیح داده های خود را در پنجره تنظیمات پرس و جو مرور کنید.
وقتی تمام مراحل موردنظر خود را انجام دادید ، می توانید Close & Apply را برای بستن Power Query Editor انتخاب کرده و تغییرات خود را در مدل داده خود اعمال کنید.
با این حال ، می توانید اقدامات بیشتری را برای پاکسازی و تغییر داده های خود انجام دهید.
مقادیر null را جایگزین کنید
گاهی اوقات ، ممکن است متوجه شوید که منابع داده شما دارای مقادیر خالی هستند.
به عنوان مثال ، مبلغ حمل و نقل در سفارش فروش اگر مترادف با صفر باشد ممکن است ارزش خالی داشته باشد.
اگر مقدار خالی بماند ، میانگین ها به درستی محاسبه نمی شوند. یک راه حل تغییر صفرها به صفر است که میانگین باربری دقیق تری تولید می کند.
در این مثال ، استفاده از مراحل مشابهی که قبلاً دنبال کرده اید به شما کمک می کند تا مقادیر null را با صفر جایگزین کنید.
برای دانلود دوره آموزشی پاور بی آی کلیک کنید.
موارد تکراری را حذف کنید
همچنین می توانید با استفاده از ویژگی Remove Duplicates در Power Query ، موارد تکراری را از ستون ها حذف کنید تا فقط نامهای منحصر به فرد را در ستون انتخاب شده نگه دارید.
در این مثال ، توجه داشته باشید که ستون Name Category شامل موارد تکراری برای هر دسته است.
در نتیجه ، می خواهید جدولی با دسته بندی های منحصر به فرد ایجاد کرده و از آن در مدل داده خود استفاده کنید.
با انتخاب ستون ، راست کلیک روی سر ستون و سپس انتخاب گزینه Remove Duplicates می توانید به این عمل دست پیدا کنید.
ممکن است قبل از حذف موارد تکراری ، جدول را کپی کنید.
همانطور که در تصویر زیر نشان داده شده است ، گزینه Copy در بالای منوی زمینه قرار دارد.
کپی کردن جدول قبل از حذف موارد تکراری به شما مقایسه جداول را می دهد و در صورت نیاز از هر دو جدول استفاده می کنید.
بهترین شیوه ها برای نامگذاری جداول ، ستون ها و مقادیر
قراردادهای نامگذاری جداول ، ستونها و مقادیر هیچ قانون ثابتی ندارند.
با این حال ، ما توصیه می کنیم که از زبان و اختصارات رایج در سازمان خود استفاده کنید و همه آنها را قبول داشته باشند و آنها را به عنوان اصطلاحات رایج در نظر بگیرند.
بهترین روش این است که جداول ، ستون ها و معیارهای توصیفی شرایط تجاری را ارائه دهید و زیر خط ((_)) را با فاصله جایگزین کنید.
با اختصارات ، پیشگفتارها و کلماتی مانند “number” و “ID” سازگار باشید. اختصارات بیش از حد کوتاه اگر معمولاً در سازمان استفاده نشوند باعث سردرگمی می شوند.
همچنین ، با حذف پیشوندها یا پسوندهایی که ممکن است در نام جدول استفاده کنید و در عوض نام آنها را در قالب ساده ، از سردرگمی جلوگیری کنید.
هنگام جایگزینی مقادیر ، سعی کنید تصور کنید که چگونه این مقادیر در گزارش ظاهر می شوند.
خواندن مقادیر بیش از حد طولانی ممکن است دشوار باشد و در دیداری مناسب باشد.
تفسیر ارزشهای بسیار کوتاه ممکن است دشوار باشد. اجتناب از کلمات اختصاری در مقادیر نیز ایده خوبی است ، به شرطی که متن بر روی تصویر مناسب باشد.
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A bar plot represents an estimate of the proportion of the total value of a variable or component which is plotted in vertical rectangular bars that shows the sum of the variable or a component that falls under a given range. Bar plot is a data visualization technique that shows the aggregate of a categorical variable or component. In this topic, we are going to learn about Seaborn barplot.
Creating Seaborn Barplot
Bar plot can be defined as a visualization method that represents a group through rectangular vertical bars in X axis by their actions in Y-axis. Usually, the aggregate of the categorical variable to be plotted is represented in the x-axis and their aggregate numerical value is represented in the y-axis. We can see the mean of the individual categorical features to be plotted along the y-axis. A bar plot represents a measure of the numeric variable’s central tendency with multiple dependent variables, e.g. a measure of alcohol consumption in a population, such as a national survey of drunk drivers, which can include a wide range of questions about alcohol consumption. It is also used in statistics to describe the “spread” of a population statistic. This means that the “spread” of the mean for the variable is larger than the “spread” of the median for the variable.
Seaborn is built on top of Python’s core visualization library Matplotlib. It allows developers to plot a graphical visualization using Python’s plotting language, and the code includes a tool to load it into R or Matplotlib. You can also use the data to understand how data is used, to understand your analytics project’s business or to gain a deep understanding of the different ways customers generate data. You can start by exploring the data using Pandas.
We have created multiple Barplots using the seaborn library with different data sets.
import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt flight_data = sns.load_dataset("flights") f = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) fig = sns.barplot(x="year", y="passengers", data=flight_data)
In the above example we have loaded the flights data set which represents the numbers of flights traveled in corresponding years and months along with the number of passengers present in it. We have used the variable Year that represent the years where the traveling took place with the number or passengers and plotted them in the x-axis and each bar represents each year from 1949 to 1960 where the number of passengers has been traveled. We have plotted the categorical variable “year” to the total passengers in each year. Here we can see that 1960 is the year that has highest number of passengers traveling on an average than any other years.
import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt flight_data = sns.load_dataset("flights") f = plt.figure(figsize=(8, 6)) fig = sns.barplot(x="month", y="passengers", data=flight_data)
In this example, we have plotted the same bar plot with a difference in x-axis where we have plotted the month to x-axis to see which month has yielded highest passengers. We can see that July and August has yielded highest number of passengers while November has the lowest number of passengers.
import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt penguin_data = sns.load_dataset("penguins") f = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4)) fig = sns.barplot(x="species", y="bill_length_mm", hue = 'sex', data=penguin_data)
In the above example we have used a feature in seaborn barplot known as ‘hue’ which allows us to plot categories from a variable of the bar plot. We can use this feature to plot the categories inside the categorical variable. In the example we have loaded the penguins data set we have plotted the average bill length of different species of penguins in y-axis and their corresponding species in c-axis with representation to each sex which is male and female. We can see the average bill length for male and female for all three species of the penguins. Hue parameter allows us to individually plot the categorical values in separate colors.
import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt penguin_data = sns.load_dataset("penguins") f = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4)) fig = sns.barplot(x="species", y="bill_length_mm", palette = "flare", data=penguin_data)
In the above example we have plotted the barplot with unique color palette using the palette parameter. This parameter allows us to plot the categorical variable in an increasing color tone where the categories are represented form lighter to a darker tone in ascending order of the numerically greater aggregate variable. Here Gentoo species has greater bill length compared to the rest of the species so it is represented in the darkest tone while days that received correspondingly lesser bill length species are represented in consequent lighter tones.
import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import numpy as np penguin_data = sns.load_dataset("penguins") f = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4)) fig = sns.barplot(x="species", y="body_mass_g", palette = "flare", estimator = np.mean, data=penguin_data)
In this example, we have plotted the mean value of the total body mass of each species. We have using the numpy library to generate the mean of the numerical feature “body_mass_g” and plotted it along the y-axis and corresponding species on the x-axis.
import seaborn as sns import matplotlib.pyplot as plt penguin_data = sns.load_dataset("penguins") f = plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4)) fig = sns.barplot(x="species", y="flipper_length_mm", color="magenta", saturation=7, data=penguin_data)
We can also plot the bars in same colors if we want using the “color” parameter where we can declare the color we wanted to plot. We have plotted the bar plot with same bar colors where the x-axis is represented with species and y-axis is represented with the flipper length of different species.
Seaborn comes with some very important features. First, the framework offers a very lightweight framework for building and developing distributed applications and infrastructure. Its power comes from the large number of modules, which are easy to maintain and use. Second, the package is very large, mainly based on python modules which are very widely used and widely tested. Finally, the package also supports writing the code in different programming languages (such as c, C#, Java, Python, PHP, and R).
In this article we have discussed about the seaborn Bar plot with various examples. We have plotted various Bar plots using seaborn library and numpy library and demonstrated different attributes and parameters to the barplot function. Seaborn is an open source library used in python programming language. It provides high quality API for data visualization. It consists of modules representing data streams, operations and data manipulation. Seaborn library along with Matplotlib is widely used around the data science community. We hope this article helps. Thank you.
This is a guide to Seaborn barplot. Here we discuss the seaborn Bar plot with various examples and we have plotted various Bar plots using the seaborn library. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –The main monster from the 2000 action film, Octopus, the Octopus was once a regular Octopus, until a Soviet submarine that was carrying barrels of the anthrax virus for biological warfare was sunk by an American submarine. The bacteria leaked out of the barrels from the submarine, and the Octopus was affected by it: the mutation was compounded in each generation of its descendants. By the final generation, the Octopus has become huge and is now suffering a huge iron deficiency, making it overly aggressive and a strong craving for meat.
The Octopus started to attack different kind of ships and submarines that would pass by, giving it’s general location the name, Devil’s Eye. When another submarine was passing by with a captured terrorist, the Octopus attacked the rotors, causing it to stop. When two people look at the rotor, one of them gets eaten by the Octopus. The people inside the submarine try using the torpedoes to kill it, but the Octopus is still alive. The Octopus then wraps it's tentacles around the submarine and causes it to sink further down into the ocean. It attacks the submarine once more, causing the water to leak inside of it. The Octopus attacks inside the submarine with it's tentacles until it leaves and lets the submarine crash down onto the ocean floor. The Octopus attacks the third time when the people inside lure it to the submarine, where it’s reactors are causing it to meltdown and explode soon, using the iron within protolyte. When they start to make their escape, the Octopus manages to kill one of them. The Octopus continues attacking the submarine as the people inside make their escape in a mini-sub. The people manage to escape and the submarine explodes, presumably killing the Octopus. However, the Octopus survives the explosion and has risen up to the surface to attack a cruise ship carrying many passengers. The Octopus kills some of the terrorists that were on the ship and even kills the captured terrorist. In the end, the Octopus gets blown up to pieces when one of the people drives a submarine containing the terrorists’ bomb into its mouth, actually killing it this time.
- Tentacles: The Octopus has eight tentacles like a regular Octopus but with more strength.
- Adapted Swimmer: Much like a regular Octopus, it is able to swim through the water.
- Long Tongue: The Octopus is shown to have a long tongue when it’s mouth comes out from underneath. This is used to devour it’s prey.
- Lopez: Gets grabbed by the tentacles and eaten alive (off-screen).
- Lucas: Crushed to death by the tentacles (off-screen).
- Soldiers: Killed by one of the tentacles and drown when the submarine starts to flood (off-screen).
- Brickman: Grabbed by a tentacle and killed (off-screen).
- Female Terrorist #1: Neck snapped by tentacle.
- Female Terrorist #2: Grabbed by the Octopus’ long tongue and gets devoured.
- Casper: Stabbed in the stomach by one of the tentacles where it goes through his body and comes out through the mouth.Many of the entrepreneurs and philanthropists of the early 20th century made their fortunes from oil. The impact of cheap energy on society, productivity and ultimately living standards cannot be overstated; in fact, civilisations have waxed and waned on the back of the rise and fall of cheap energy.
In the 21st century, of course, our children are more likely to seek their fortune in technology, following business heroes such as Mark Zuckerberg or Elon Musk. Technological developments are having a profound impact on our lives, including how we communicate, seek entertainment and even drive. A good example is the proliferation of LED TVs. Although my children laugh when I show them a picture of what TVs used to look like, the mass market uptake of LEDs is not even 15 years old. And yet LED technology isn’t that new. It was first demonstrated in1977 by James P Mitchell but took another 32 years before Sony launched its XEL-1 OLED screen, effectively consigning the cathode ray tube to the bin.
We tend to think of energy markets as antiquated and slow-moving. However, it would be wrong to think that technology hasn’t played a role in the development of the industry. In fact, it was another Mitchell (George P) who was heralded as the founder of ‘fracking’, a technology that has had a major impact on all energy markets—most notably as a contributor to the industry’s current downturn. As a transportable and fungible commodity, oil is impacted by changes in technology at the margin. Despite US shale accounting for only a small portion of global supply, fracking technology has significantly affected energy market pricing.
The current energy downturn is a supply issue, which is in the process of rebalancing as natural decline rates, record cuts in capex spending and tightening credit conditions force cuts in supply. Although it is tempting to join the ‘peak demand’ bandwagon and banish oil markets to the ‘cathode ray bin’, as investors it is important to understand the impact that different technologies (and their timing) have on energy prices. In this low price environment and to protect downside risk, we believe it makes sense to invest in ‘future quality’ companies with low cost resources, strong balance sheets and quality management teams.
The impact of technology on supply
You could argue that fracking isn’t a technology, but instead the
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da 17'nci yüzyılda yapılmış bir portresi de beklentinin çok üzerinde bir fiyata ulaştı ve 60 bin sterline satıldı.
19'uncu yüzyıldan bu yana Fransız bir aileye ait olduğu belirtilen portrenin 16'ncı yüzyılda, İtalyan ressam Cristofano Dell' Altissimo tarafından yapıldığı belirtiliyor.
Portrenin benzerlerinden farklı olarak bakır levha üzerine çizildiği açıklandı.
Kanuni'nin bu portresinde, onun bilinen diğer versiyonlardan daha canlı bir şekilde resmedildiği ve bu tasvirin, 1534'te İstanbul'a giden Venedik delegasyonunun bir üyesinin Kanuni tasvirine daha uygun olduğu ifade ediliyor:
"Siyah iri gözlü, zalim değil merhametli, yüzüne göre biraz fazla büyük kemer burunlu, uzun kızıl bıyıklı, sakalları traş yerine makasla kısa kesilmiş, uzun ince boyunlu."
43 yaşındaki hali
Portrenin, Sultan Süleyman'ın Irak'ı Sefevilerden aldığı, Preveze Deniz Savaşı'nda Papa ve müttefiklerine karşı zafer kazandığı zaman dilimine denk düştüğü, portrede Sultan Süleyman'ın 43 yaşında olduğunun düşünüldüğü aktarılıyor.
Müzayedede satılması planlanan "İslam Dünyası ve Hindistan Sanatları" başlıklı koleksiyonda, Suyolcuzade Mustafa Eyyubi'nin 1675'te kopyaladığı Kur'ân-ı Kerim sayfası, 10'uncu yüzyıla ait Kufi tarzda yazılmış Kur'ân-ı Kerim'in yanı sıra, Osmanlı Devleti dönemine ait çok sayıda kilim ve halı bulunduğu kaydedildi.
Geçen yıl Londra'da yapılan açık artırmada, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (İBB) Fatih Sultan Mehmet'in portresini 935 bin sterlin (yaklaşık 8 milyon lira) ödeyerek satın almıştı.
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Under a presidential system, the chief branch is separate from the legislature to which it’s not accountable. The executive in a legal system serves because the centre of political authority of the State. In a parliamentary system, as with Britain, Italy, Germany, India, and Japan, the chief is named the cupboard, and composed of members of the legislature. The executive is led by the head Law & Legal of government, whose workplace holds energy underneath the boldness of the legislature. Because well-liked elections appoint political events to control, the leader of a celebration can change in between elections. To cross legislation, a majority of the members of a legislature must vote for a bill in each home.
Pisces ♓️ Ancient Animal of the week is Baboon ( Primal Law ), As a protector of your primal spirit,Baboon asks you to tap into your intuitive,spiritual, and inborn truths.Primal law is not a contemplation of the mind.#TarotReading pic.twitter.com/ZVwpSsIgCe
— Spiritual Universe (@SpiritualUnive3) May 17, 2021
Developments within the law and expertise have also created new legal profession alternatives. Legal technicians provide limited legal services in family law by consulting with and advising shoppers, completing and submitting necessary court docket paperwork, and aiding pro se purchasers at sure types of hearings and settlement conferences. They also help with courtroom scheduling and assist clients in navigating the legal system.
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Into written law, lex scripta; and unwritten law, lex non scripta. When thought of as to their period, legal guidelines are immutable and arbitrary or constructive; when as their effect, they’re potential and retrospective. Rule II of the Supreme Court Rules for the Government of the Bar of Ohio allows law students, who’re in good standing and have completed two-thirds of their required hours to graduate to obtain a Legal Intern’s license for the restricted follow of law. With a Legal Intern’s license, college students are permitted to symbolize purchasers in civil matters and legal misdemeanor cases, all underneath the supervision of a licensed legal professional. Street Law’s Legal Diversity Pipeline Programs companion law firms and company legal departments with nearby, various highschool courses. Through classroom visits and a subject trip to the law agency or legal division, volunteers teach lessons and lead actions designed to extend students’ data and interest within the law and legal careers.
Precedent A courtroom choice in an earlier case with information and legal issues similar to a dispute at present before a court. Judges will generally “comply with precedent” – which means that they use the rules established in earlier instances to decide new instances that Law have similar details and raise comparable legal points. A choose will disregard precedent if a party can show that the sooner case was wrongly decided, or that it differed in some important way from the current case. Nondischargeable debt A debt that can not be eradicated in chapter.
Most of the cases we will look at in this textbook are civil instances. Criminal instances are certainly of interest to business, particularly as firms could break legal legal guidelines.
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How difficult is law school?
How hard is it to study? Studying in law school requires a different approach than studying in undergrad. The law is extensive, and you need a comprehensive, practical understanding of the materials. It’s going to take more than memorizing notes (which is often the approach for undergrad).
The transition is prone to be smoother because of a model new statute, simply signed into law. “My strategy as a new leader will actually be to spend a while getting to know the Northwestern Pritzker law community,” Osofsky said Tuesday. “Hearing the place they think issues are going nicely and the place they think there’s progress that wants to happen, and then working collaboratively with them to develop how we move ahead.” Civic involvement is a core worth of the Chicago workplace, and Mayer Brown legal professionals are encouraged to contribute. They serve on many of the metropolis’s most important cultural boards, together with those of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs, Commercial Club of Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, Field Museum, Lyric Opera of Chicago, and Chicago Symphony Orchestra. With the ordinances being a result of a public health emergency, Wilson says they’re legal.辣番红花蛋黄酱麝香沙拉，黑橄榄，和烤辣椒这是一份用西班牙经典配料——贻贝做成的沙拉，藏红花，还有胡椒，处理方式稍微有些古怪。当所有贝类动物蒸煮时都会把汁放入烹饪液中，贻贝有自己的同盟。法国人虔诚地称他们的果汁为贻贝酒。把热气腾腾的肉汤煮到釉上作为热酱的基础是一项标准技术，但是这个食谱有点不寻常，因为贻贝釉口味冷蛋黄酱。早上六点以后随时都可以把它放在楼梯下的橱柜里。”““你以为我做到了！“威尔·特雷梅恩喊道。“我没有那么说，“宣布为牛肉。“我只是认为不在场证明在这个案件中没有任何好处。火灾发生时，纵火犯可能就在几英里之外。”““格雷尔！“威尔·特雷梅恩说。
烧大比目鱼，用一个大的不粘锅，用中火加热1汤匙油。用盐和胡椒调味鱼。将鱼柳每面煨约3分钟，应该是淡金色，但甚至没有接近熟透。转移到盘子里。三。把剩下的1汤匙植物油倒入锅中。““你以为我做到了！“威尔·特雷梅恩喊道。“我没有那么说，“宣布为牛肉。“我只是认为不在场证明在这个案件中没有任何好处。火灾发生时，纵火犯可能就在几英里之外。”““格雷尔！“威尔·特雷梅恩说。“他做到了！他总是恨我。
Keraal试图站直,但束缚不允许——手和脚之间的链长度迫使他预感。链慌乱的他开始动摇。Haruuc什么也没说,但只有用杖示意向树。Dagii接手Keraal的手臂,带着他站在石头树枝,Vanii旁边的棺材,然后拿回几个快速步骤。Keraal独处,抬头看着这棵树。李和石墙杰克逊骑他们的坐骑。战争持续了四年的血腥;这个将会结束,不管怎样,在几周内。战争却有一个共同点:都是关于所有人的权利是免费的。当他开车,他的广播新闻。有选举通常的废话,和一个故事关于一个登山运动员失去了两天,和------”三个男人与化学炸药藏在他们随身携带的行李今天被逮捕在伊斯坦布尔的阿塔图尔克国际机场登机前757年前往雅典,”男性新闻广播员说。”的男人,每个人都有很长的历史愤怒的在线帖子反对土耳其所谓的世俗的伊斯兰社会,被认为是计划炸毁飞机在飞行中。
6。当血橙浸泡，把土豆切成1英寸厚的薄片。把切片放在一个小平底锅里，用冷水盖上。每夸脱水加1茶匙盐。把土豆煮沸，煨至熟透，4到5分钟。排水。Webmind,”大会的礼仪官说到他的电话。”你想把一只猴子到联合国大会厅?””我回答说,”流浪汉不是猴子,郑大世小姐;他是一个模仿。但是,是的,这就是我想做的事。”””为什么?””我考虑几个可能的答案,包括“因为它痒我的幻想,””因为,作为一个非人类,流浪汉不需要他人侵入背景调查完成之前被允许进入安全区域,”和“因为他是我的朋友,”所有这一切是真的,但是我给的声音是:“因为,有现在看着数以百万计的照片在网上,我已经学了意象形象的价值。这将是一个具有历史意义的时刻,3月在华盛顿,在月球上的第一步,柏林墙的推倒,我希望它是视觉独特,所有的时间,人们会立刻认出照片从这个事件。
他犹豫了一会儿,然后低声说回来,”杖。””她觉得她耳朵上升和恐慌了。”Haruuc发现了它的权力?”””还没有。有浓郁的贻贝味，蛋黄酱是介于贻贝和烤辣椒之间的很好的嗅觉桥梁。这道菜的所有主要成分——烤胡椒，清蒸贻贝，番红花蛋黄酱可以提前24小时制作并冷藏。上菜前准备切碎的装饰品。
母亲的挽歌,”Senen轻轻地说。”他会去做。他将开始一场战争。”加入红辣椒片，如果需要的话。2。在烤架上准备热火。
把蛤蜊放到一个足够大的碗里，当蛤蜊吃完后，可以盛在碗里。盖上并保持温暖。6。把猴鱼和土豆放入锅中煮2到3分钟。当土豆变热时，僧鱼会做完饭。他们，只有他们，知道手稿在比菲的公寓里。然而，他们似乎都不太可能拿走它。过了一会儿，朱庇睡着了。
用盐和胡椒调味，加入两汤匙切碎的欧芹。冷却到室温。三。在烤架上准备热火。烤架是热的，当你的手在烤架表面附近握的时间不超过2时，你就必须把它拉开。莱恩马铃薯罗勒酱烤条鲈莱恩·萨穆特是奥贝格拉菲尼埃餐厅的厨师老板，卢马林的一家不寻常的餐厅，在普罗旺斯。她慷慨地允许我在她的厨房里工作一天，几年后，当她作为法国文化交流的一部分来到这个国家时，我很高兴在里亚托接待她。三个晚上，我们提供了一份特价品尝菜单，以她的普罗旺斯特色菜为特色。鱼丸是罗吉（一种从法国飞来的欧洲鲻鱼）加在马铃薯罗勒酱上。我通常认为土豆泥是寒冷天气的食物，但这道菜，用罗勒和橄榄油，夏天的味道似乎很浓。
“我知道他问那个问题时真正在说什么。他在说他以为我放火了！好，保险金当然会到我这里来。我负责出版社的所有财务事务。但即使我的股票收入下降了……““UncleWill你有麻烦吗？“Beffy问。“只是现金有点短缺，“威尔·特雷梅恩说。“你不是已经是布拉德利·温斯顿的导师了吗？“杰里米·霍普金斯是亚历杭德罗的导师，所以把杰里米和帕奇配对是合乎逻辑的。查尔斯笑了。“布拉德利做得很好。我也不确定杰里米是否能够胜任这个挑战。他现在正忙着和阿纳斯塔西亚一起做的艺术项目。”
服侍，在四个盘子中间各放一个鱼片。每块鱼片旁边放一匙酸奶酱。将石榴糖蜜淋在鱼上，然后撒上石榴籽。立即上桌。罗姆斯科酱烤金枪鱼Romesco是一种加泰罗尼亚酱，传统上与烤鱼一起食用，家禽，或蔬菜。基本食谱要求烤红辣椒，大蒜，杏树，醋，橄榄油，虽然我见过包括西红柿在内的变种，面包，还有辣椒。其他成分之间保持着互补而又相互尊重的距离。使4人进入服务犹太盐两只1-1磅的龙虾（见181页）1茶匙葱末_杯新榨酸橙汁_茶匙第戎芥末_杯子外加2汤匙特纯橄榄油cupcrmeFrache1茶匙碎石灰皮新磨黑胡椒2汤匙两汤匙蜂蜜2个血橙，去皮去膜，用碗切成小段并储存在自己的果汁中（如果血橙不可用，使用其他甜橙）_磅重的鱼种或小红薯，擦洗2汤匙切碎的新鲜龙蒿3汤匙切碎的新鲜樱桃2汤匙鲜韭菜碎12樱桃番茄或其他小甜番茄，一分为二4小串小青菜，如豆瓣菜或麦片，洗涤和干燥1石灰，切成4块提前做好：食谱可以在步骤4之前一天准备好。如果你做这个沙拉是为了吃剩菜，不要穿你不愿提供的衣服。1。把1英寸的盐水倒进一个大锅里，把锅里的漏斗倒过来，然后煮沸。
5。用两汤匙橄榄油把山茶花拌匀，然后把它均匀地铺在平底锅上。烤到意大利面变成金黄色，然后烤，大约20分钟。在烘烤过程中将意大利面团捣碎几次，以确保烤面包均匀。搁置一边。乔治不仅想到他可能是在愚弄自己，还想到他可能在大卫·西蒙兹观看的时候就这样做了。“爸爸？”凯蒂说，乔治在坐着和站着之间僵住了。他看上去很自满，那么健康，如此血腥的舞蹈。画面开始重现。
节第四章:热心的忏悔的心。在轶事第五章:热心的忏悔的心。”高跟鞋””第六章:Smerdyakov第七章:争论第八章:白兰地第九章:好色者第十章:两个在一起第十一章:一个毁了名声第二部分书4:菌株第一章:父亲Ferapont第二章:在父亲的第三章:他参与了男生的事情第四章:Khokhlakovs”第五章:在客厅里第六章:应变在一间小屋里第七章:和新鲜的空气《V:PRO和反第一章:订婚第二章:Smerdyakov吉他第三章:兄弟了解:第四章:叛乱第五章:大检察官第六章:一个默默无闻第七章:“它总是有趣和聪明的人””《六世:俄罗斯的和尚第1章:老Zosima和他的游客第二章:从Zosima老人祭司僧侣的生活,,第三章第三部分书八世:MITYA第一章:KuzmaSamsonov第二章:Lyagavy第三章:金矿第四章:在黑暗中第五章:一个突然的决定第六章:我来了!!第七章:前者,无可争辩的第八章:精神错乱第一章:官方Perkhotin的职业生涯的开始第二章:报警第三章:通过折磨灵魂的旅程。盖上盖子，冷藏至上桌。5。服侍，在四个盘子里各放一个胡椒，用盐和胡椒调味。分发贻贝，在他们的半壳里，在胡椒里和周围。在辣椒旁边放一匙蛋黄酱。把黄瓜撒在盘子上，
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cushioning through the heel and the ball of the foot, while also supporting the arch. Wearing an orthotic shoe insert is one of the best ways to stretch the plantar fascia and prevent conditions such as heel spurs. Stretching the foot and calf is also helpful in preventing damage. Athletes in particular should make sure to stretch prior to any physical activity. Stretching helps prevent heel spurs by making tissue stronger as well as more flexible. In addition, easing into a new or increasingly difficult routine should be done to help avoid strain on the heel and surrounding tissue.极速快三-欢迎您
C. 《古文观止》在体例和篇幅上的特点，一是选文按照时代先后排列，不另分类；二是篇幅较为适当，并不浩繁。
钟红明：新冠肺炎疫情是一场波及众多国家与人群、看不见硝烟的战争，在《燃起黑色的春天》一文中你曾写道，你“突然理解了战争年代弃文从戎的文人”。是什么让你决定写一部关于钟南山的长篇非虚构作品？
二、古诗文阅读（34分）
人们用眼睛看他人、看世界，却无法直接看到完整的自己，所以在人生的旅程中，我们需要寻找各种“镜子”、不断绘制“自画像”来审视自我。公众号：语文教与学。尝试回答“我是怎样的人”“我想过怎样的生活”“我能做什么”“如何生活得更有意义”等重要问题。
（摘编自《对话<钟南山：苍生在上>作者》，《文汇报》2020年5月13日）
这个选本所选文章的丰富多彩的，也表现在文章的体制上，选本也选了几篇韵文、骈文。公众号：语文教与学。严格讲起来，古文跟骈文是对立的。但就中国文学史的发展讲，古文由散体趋向骈体，再由骈体回复到散体，完全不选骈体，就看不出这种变化来。
室内瞬间被民警喷射的辣椒水弥漫，马兆兵再睁开眼时，客厅已溅满了鲜血，王涛和安业雷倒在了血泊中，吴骏受伤，马伟兵和马洪兵夺门而逃。
案发后，因为504室成为凶案现场，被贴上封条，马兆兵带着母亲搬到楼下的403室，承担照顾七旬母亲和精神有问题的大嫂的任务。
B. 《古文观止》的编者对“古文”的理解基本贯彻了韩愈倡导古文运动以来古文家的主张，但也有一定的变通。
三、语言文字运用（20分）Teen pregnancy is on the rise, and the issue has even hit the top of the political ladder as a point of debate in the presidential campaign.
But the problem is not new. Seeing that teen pregnancy was increasing even in the late 1980s, the Lake County Health Department began trying to cope by rolling out education programs in areas where the teen pregnancy rate is high. Since then, the programs have been presented to smaller groups of youths and offered to them at an earlier age.
Here is the problem: Birth rates increased 21.6 percent among 15- to 17-year-olds from 1990 through 1994 among girls in the department's target areas of North Chicago, Round Lake Beach, Waukegan and Zion, where there is a high percentage of births to teens. (In the previous period, 1985-89, reporting was done differently, with the category ranging from 15- through 19-year-olds, but the rate still increased 16.2 percent. )
Considering that many of those young mothers will need public money for support, teen pregnancy is a problem of growing urgency for all states, including Illinois, which reports that it has 9,000 teen mothers 18 or younger who are receiving public aid.
Originally the health department tried to teach teen girls how to be effective mothers. Now there is increasing emphasis on teaching them and teen boys how not to become parents in the first place. Looking Ahead for girls and Smart Moves for boys are intended to teach young people how to develop positive convictions and to give them the strength to stand by them.
"Kids nowadays have more sexual partners than in the old days (such as the 1960s), and they start earlier," said Pat Garrity, a social worker with the health department, who explained that junior high students are at risk. "They have less regard for their bodies and what can happen to them. They have an inordinate amount of time alone (particularly in single-parent households where children are left unsupervised during work hours). Sex usually happens at home, either at the boyfriend's house or the girl's house."
Garrity explained that the prime defense against pregnancy for these youngsters is to instill in them a sense of self-worth, pride and hope for a future with definite goals.
The objective of Looking Ahead and Smart Moves--which reached about 750 students during the 1995-96 school year--is to provide tips to guide students through the time of transition from junior high to high school, discussing obstacles to success and promoting positive behavior that will help them achieve goals.
Smart Moves, for 8th-grade boys, began in 1987, when the health department started to focus on the boys' roles in family-life education.
Reggie Gaines, a Smart Moves group leader, said, "Some of the boys selected by teachers to participate may be considered high risk, but others might be leaders who can influence others. The group usually stays together for five basic sessions. . . . The boys take a pre-test to assess what they think they know about sex. It's sort of a `getting to know themselves' session. Discussion focuses on who they are and what the group is all about. They compare street talk or straight talk, or myths vs. fact.
"The first session is the hardest part because the kids are hesitant," Gaines explained. "Some think they're in trouble and that I'm a policeman or probation officer. We try to break the barriers."
Gaines takes the 8th graders to visit the high schools they will be attending. To help them feel more comfortable there, he introduces them to high school boys who will serve as mentors.
Before they leave the group, the boys take a post-test to see what they learned. "My goal is to educate them in a way they ordinarily wouldn't get from their regular classes or their family," Gaines said. "A lot of the boys are from one-parent homes, where there's no father figure. I want to make sure they get the correct information instead of what they might hear hanging out with their friends."
Once they get into high school, Smart Moves group leaders regularly meet with the freshman and sophomore boys who were involved in the program as 8th graders. "We serve as resource people and help them become aware of community resources," which include health and social service programs as well as academic tutoring, Gaines said.
When Rayhan Ahmed, a 9th grader at Waukegan High School in the '95-'96 school year, was in 8th grade, he wrote how Smart Moves helped him. "When I'm at home, I try to do something good, so when I go back to our Smart Moves class, I can tell Mr. Gaines about what positive thing I did, and then he'll tell you, `That was very good,' or, `Nice job.' And then he tells us, `Try not to get in trouble.' In that class, I can talk to him about anything. He will take it seriously when I'm talking about sex, gangs, family problems or other stuff. I feel, in that class, I can talk about whatever I want, and he'll help me out on that problem."Editorial: Sunshine benefits
Government is nothing if not records. In Florida, it starts with the state constitution.
The constitution establishes the three branches of state government — legislative, executive and judicial — and lays out their roles and restrictions.
Famously, in Florida, records are assumed to be open, although there are exceptions.
Consider in scant outline the passage of a law and the records such an action produces:
A state representative or, for this example, a state senator files a bill. The filing creates a record. The bill is typed in a format spelled out by Senate rules. The rules are a record on their own.
The bill is referred to committee, creating a record. Staff and other reports create more records. Amendments, votes on the amendments and votes on the bill must be recorded.
When the bill moves to the Senate floor, more amendments and votes create additional records.
Coordination with the House — more records.
The bill's passage creates a record to be sent to the governor. His signature creates yet another record.
Two branches of government have been involved so far. A challenge of the law in court could bring in the third branch, with the likelihood of many more records.
Indeed, without the records created during every step of passing the law, a person, company or organization would not be able to set in motion judicial checks and balances, as specified in the constitution.
One of the difficulties of protecting public records from exemptions that lock them away is legislators' assumptions that efforts to keep records open primarily benefit news organizations, says Barbara Petersen, president of the Tallahassee-based First Amendment Foundation, which is recognized as the non-governmental expert and champion of open government in Florida.
“When I'm up talking to legislators or when I'm talking to groups of people, everybody always says, ‘Well, this is a media issue,' ” Peterson said. “It's very hard to dissuade them of that notion, despite statistics that show, for example, that corporations and small businesses make more public records requests than do citizens and the media combined.”
Thus, the need for openness applies to all.
To demonstrate and explain the broad need by Floridians for open government, Petersen and the foundation plan a Sunshine Symposium on March 16 at St. Petersburg College.
This important-and-fundamental effort will focus on four principles for state government to embrace on behalf of Florida residents:
* The right to speak at public meetings.
* Enforcement. “There is no agency tasked with enforcing the constitutional right of access to meetings and records,” Petersen said.
* Reasonable fees. “When I was on the Governor's Commission on Open Government Reform, we had a woman testify that she had the choice of either paying her mortgage or paying for the public records she had requested,” Petersen said. “We shouldn't have to be making those choices.”
* Transparency: a view into finances of the state government. In short, “access to the state checkbook,” Petersen said, so the public can see how state money is being spent.
In a government of the people, by the people and for the people, the proceedings and records of the government belong to the people. This, Florida's government should make certain.عنوان فارسی مقاله:COVID-19 و سلامت روان: مرور منابع
چکیده
بیماری همه گیر COVID-19 یک بحران بزرگ بهداشتی است که چندین کشور را درگیر خود کرده است، تاکنون بیش از ۷۲۰،۰۰۰ مورد ابتلا و ۳۳،۰۰۰ مرگ گزارش شده است. چنین شیوع های گسترده ای با پیامدهای نامطلوب بهداشت روان همراه است. با در نظر گرفتن این نکته، منابع موجود در مورد شیوع COVID-19 مربوط به سلامت روان از طریق جستجوی متون در پایگاه داده PubMed بازیابی شد. مقالات منتشر شده با توجه به مضامین کلی آنها طبقه بندی و خلاصه شد. شواهد اولیه نشان می دهد که علائم اضطراب و افسردگی (۱۶-۲۸٪) و استرس خود گزارش شده (۸)) واکنش های روانشناختی رایج به بیماری همه گیر COVID-19 است و ممکن است با خواب آشفته همراه باشد. تعدادی از متغیرهای فردی و ساختاری این خطر را تعدیل می کنند. در خدمات برنامه ریزی برای چنین جمعیتی، هم نیاز افراد مربوطه و هم رهنمودهای پیشگیرانه لازم باید در نظر گرفته شود. ادبیات موجود فقط از چند کشور منتخب ظاهر شده است و ممکن است تجربه افراد ساکن در سایر نقاط جهان را تأثیری نگذارد. در نتیجه، مشکلات بهداشت روانی زیر سندرم یک پاسخ مشترک به بیماری همه گیر COVID-19 است. نياز به تحقيقات نماينده تري از كشورهاي منتخب ديگر، بويژه در جمعيت هاي آسيب پذير است.Ciao a tutti. Ho un dubbio, vista una domanda che mi Ŕ capitata sotto gli occhi. Se la cellula ha un potenziale di membrana uguale a quello di equilibrio per il potassio e apro ulteriori canali al POTASSIO, cosa succede al PM? Stessa identica domanda anche per il CLORO. Il potenziale di equilibrio indica che il flusso tra interno ed esterno dello ione e' in equilibrio per˛ non capisco se l'apertura di altri canali potrebbe comprometterlo. Grazie in anticipo!useful and harmful substances
Harmful substances in the environment are called?
What are some examples of useful and harmful effects of mixture and substances on health and environment? Mixtures and substances such as pesticide runoff can pollutestreams and water. These same substance help crops be moreproductive, but they also pose serious health problems.
10 Harmful Chemicals to Avoid - Parents
· Many chemicals today are known or suspected to be links to cancer, early puberty, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obesity, autism, and other serious health issues.
Useful and harmful drugs, article by moiz21
This article is about useful and harmful drugsDrugs are substances that can change the way the body behaves when they are taken into the body.For example,coffee and tea contain the drug caffeine.c.... Read the article free on Booksie.
Poisons & Harmful Substances | East Side Fire Department
Poisons & Harmful Substances; Harmful Substances. Each year thousands of people become injured or ill due to the effects of an unintentional harmful substance exposure. This ... Harmful substances are defined as chemicals, products and plants that threaten the safety of …
Useful And Harmful Materials PPT | Xpowerpoint
Chapter One: Harmful and useful chemicals in the environment PPT. Presentation Summary : Chapter One: Harmful and useful chemicals in the environment. ... dissolved and undissolved materials from kitchen, ... Harmful and useful chemicals in the.
Useful And Harmful Materials - Printable Worksheets
Useful And Harmful Materials. Showing top 8 worksheets in the category - Useful And Harmful Materials. Some of the worksheets displayed are Lesson the hazards of common chemicals grade 2, Medicines and drugs whats helpful whats harmful, X insects harmful or helpful, The properties of materials and their everyday uses, Chemical and hazardous materials safety, …
pesticides: useful and harmful effects | HubPages
A pesticide is a substance or combination of different substance whose sole purpose is to prevent, destroy or control the pests.The term pesticide, in broad terms, can also include herbicides (inhibits the growth and reproduction of some harmful plants), insecticides( prevent growth of insects) and fungicides (inhibits the growth of mildews, yeasts, and molds).
What is Bleach? And Why is it Dangerous? - Sustainable ...
Although bleach comes from a natural source, the process it undergoes radically changes the substance into something far more harmful to humans and the environment, as I'll show below. It's not what we're looking for in a sustainable conversation.
Toxic Chemicals in Products — Workgroup for Safe Markets
Hazardous hundred chemicals The Hazardous 100 + List of Chemicals of High Concern is a small subset of hazardous chemicals linked to known health problems. Unfortunately, consumers cannot simply shop our way around these chemicals.
What harmful substances are in alcohol ers.com
Alcohol is a very useful chemical, used in many processes. ... Alcohol is not a harmful substance unless it is abused. When consumed in moderation it is associated with better health and greater longevity than abstaining from alcohol. Share to: Answered. In Tobacco and Tobacco Products.
What are 5 harmful substances
What are the harmful substances in cigarette smoke and why? Nicotine is one, and it is the one that causes addiction. The other is carbon monoxide which binds 40 …
Canned Foods Not Containing Harmful Substances - …
It is well known that canned food does not belong to the category of useful products, because they contain a lot of preservatives and other harmful substances that have a negative impact not only on the work of the stomach and intestines but also on other organs.
products: HELPFUL AND HARMFUL
Most chemicals are safe to use and are environmentally friendly, when used according to the directions on the package. However, some have a harmful cumulative effect on the environment when they are over-used or
What is the difference between useful and harmful drugs?
What is a drug and what are harmful and useful drugs? A drug is any substance that, when absorbed into the body, changes normal or abnormal bodily function. Drugs like Advil, Tylenol, or even prescription medications can be harm … ful or helpful.
Harmful drug use :: SA Health
Harmful drug use Many substances or drugs have intoxicating effects that lead to them being misused and causing harmful effects. Some substances are sold or manufactured illegally while some are produced legally, but used for unintended purposes.
Medicines and Drugs: What's Helpful, What's Harmful - …
This module focuses on drugs—powerful substances that can . change both the way the brain functions and how the brain communicates with the body. ... Other drugs may have a harmful effect on the body. The purpose of today's activity is for students to begin to understand how different drugs can affect the body. Learning Objectives
Examples of harmful substances ers.com
A substance can any material, solution, or mixture, such as water, salt, glue, or gunpowder. A pure substance is one that contains the same element or compound throughout … . Salt is a pure substance, but when added to water, it becomes a mixture.
CfE (Early) Medicines and Harmful Substances PowerPoint
Use this handy PowerPoint to discuss medicines and harmful substances with your Early Level pupils. ... (Early) Medicines and Harmful Substances PowerPoint (3 member reviews) Classic Collection Click for more information. ... Useful for teaching medicines and drugs as a PSCHE resource. pcgray, Apr 29th 2018
Substance Use During Pregnancy - UCSF Medical Center
Substance Use During Pregnancy. Tobacco, alcohol and drugs can have harmful effects on anyone's health. When a pregnant or nursing woman uses these substances, her baby also is exposed to them, for all substances cross the placenta through the umbilical cord and enter into the baby's bloodstream.
Top 10 List of Harmful Chemical Reactions | Healthfully
Chemistry can be very amusing, but when combining different elements, it is very important to be cautious and know what will happen. This is because some reactants can be very dangerous chemicals released into the air, while other reactions are exothermic and will begin to heat up to very high temperatures.
Harmful substances - Health and Safety Executive
Harmful substances . Many
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سوی منتقدان مطرح میشود، باید کارشناسی باشد.
فرید گلکار در گفتوگو با ایسنا، در واکنش به انتقادهای مطرح شده مبنی بر عدم قابلیت بارورسازی ابرها برای تولید منابع آبی اظهار کرد: در ۲۵ اردیبهشت ماه سال جاری جلسهای بین وزیر نیرو رئیس سازمان هواشناسی و معاونان هر دو سازمان برگزار شد و پس از آن قرار بر این شد تا نشستی تخصصی با موضوع بارورسازی ابرها در ایران و جهان تشکیل شود.
رئیس مرکز ملی تحقیقات و مطالعات باروری ابرها با بیان اینکه معاون وزیر نیرو ریاست این جلسه را بر عهده داشت، تاکید کرد: نظرات سازمان هواشناسی در خصوص موضوع بارورسازی ابرها به طور کامل مورد نقد و بررسی قرار گرفت و تمام اعضای حاضر در جلسه تایید کردند که بارورسازی ابرها در دنیا بین ۱۰ تا ۱۵ درصد به شرط فراهم بودن شرایط میتواند موجب افزایش بارندگی شود.
وی تصریح کرد: دو سال پیش امکانسنجی بارورسازی ابرها برای کل کشور توسط سازمان هواشناسی صورت گرفت و بر اساس سند ملی تدوین شده در این راستا کاملا مشخص شد که بارورسازی ابرها در چه زمانی و در چه مکانی و چه در شرایطی در کل حوزههای آبریز ایران صورت گیرد.
وی افزود: این سناریو بر اساس نظریه سازمان جهانی هواشناسی امتیازبندی و منتشر شد که بر اساس آن نیز سازمان هواشناسی و نظارت نیرو، ناظر انجام این کار شدند. علاوه بر این در نشست برگزار شده در اردیبهشت ماه این مسئله نیز عنوان شد که هیچ روشی به تنهایی نمیتواند بحران آب را برطرف کند. لذا باید در ابتدا به مدیریت مصرف اهمیت داد و بعد از آن روش های دیگر را وارد مرحله اجرا کرد.
وی با بیان اینکه بیش از ۲۰ سال است که باروری ابرها در ایران و بیش از ۷۰ سال است که این فناوری در دنیا سابقه دارد، تاکید کرد: ۶۰ کشور جهان از این روش برای بارورسازی ابرها استفاده میکنند که هر کدام از این کشورها آب و هوای متفاوتی را دارند.
به گفته وی، این فناوری در کشورهای پیشرفتهتر نیز دیده میشود. به طور مثال در ایالت متحده آمریکا ۱۱ ایالت به مسئله بارورسازی ابرها توجه کرده علاوه بر این باید به این نکته نیز اشاره کرد که بارورسازی ابرها یک روش ارزان قیمت برای تولید آب است و به جز این روش روش دیگری نیز برای تولید آن وجود ندارد.Why did the dinosaurs go extinct? We may never be completely sure, although a giant asteroid and a bunch of enormous volcanic eruptions probably had a lot to do with it. But here’s another factor you may not have considered: too much time in the egg.
Dinosaur eggs took a surprisingly long time to hatch, according to a study published today in the Proceedings of the National Academies of Sciences, which determined that two well-preserved dinosaur embryos—a Protoceratops and a Hypacrosaurus—were three and six months old respectively when they died inside their shells. If long incubation times were the norm among dinosaurs, the risk to babies and adults alike would have made it hard to compete in the post-apocalyptic wasteland following the Chicxulub asteroid impact 66 million years ago.
“I was stunned,” Florida State University biologist and lead study author Gregory Erickson told Gizmodo, when asked how he felt after discovering that baby dinosaurs spent up to half a year inside their eggs. “As a biologist, understanding incubation periods of an egg-laying animal has myriad implications for the group.”
Many of our assumptions about the lives of dinosaurs are based on their living descendants—birds—and embryonic development is no exception. Birds stand out among egg-laying animals, in that they produce a small number of large eggs with very short incubation periods, anywhere between 11 and 85 days. This strategy promotes high survivorship: the less time you spend chilling in a gooey amniotic sac inside a shell, the less likely you are to become somebody else’s brunch.
A fossil embryo of the dinosaur Hypacrosaurus was examined in the study. Image: Darla Zelinitsky
Since birds are “living dinosaurs” and since other attributes of avian reproduction seem to trace back to Cretaceous ancestors, most palaeontologists figured that dinosaurs also hatched quickly. “It was assumed that you could take the size of a dinosaur egg and put it on a regression line for how fast birds incubate their eggs,” Erickson said. “This is a good speculative approach, but it’s not empirical.”
To get actual data on how quickly dinosaurs hatched, Erickson and his colleagues needed a way of ageing unborn embryos. An idea for how to do this came to Erickson in the early 1990s, when he was doing his masters’ thesis at Montana State University. There, he discovered that daily growth lines—so-called “von Ebner” lines—could be used to age adult dinosaur teeth.
Over 20 years later, Erickson and his colleagues obtained access to two extremely well-preserved dinosaur embryos: one of a sheep-sized herbivore called a Protoceratops, another of the enormous duck-bill Hypacrosaurus. Using CT-scanning, they examined the tiny monsters’ tiny teeth up close, counted the von Ebner lines, and learned that each of the embryos was several months old at the time of death. These results place the first lower limits on dinosaur incubation times. (Because neither specimen had hatched yet, actual incubation times for the two specie could be longer.)
Daily growth lines in the dentine in an embryonic tooth of Hypacrosaurus. Image: G. M. Erickson
Not only does Erickson’s finding fly in the face of conventional wisdom, it implies that the badass reptilians of the Cretaceous were at a decided disadvantage when it comes to coping with environmental disturbance. “Having a slow incubation period—three to six months—would have exposed eggs to predation, droughts and flooding for long periods of time,” Erickson said. “If there were attending parents, you can imagine the parents would have been exposed for long periods of time, too.”
In the years following the asteroid impact that punched out the 10,000 square-mile Chicxulub crater, the world was in a state of extreme upheaval: devastating volcanic eruptions, rapid climate change, sudden ecological collapse. Taken together with other aspects of dinosaur biology, the risk of prolonged incubation periods would have made it difficult for dinosaurs to compete with smaller, faster-reproducing reptiles, birds and mammals.
“With regard to their life history and physiological attributes, dinosaurs were basically holding a dead man’s hand,” Erickson said. “They were profligate wasters of energy, which is bad in a resource-depleted environment. Some of [our] work shows that dinosaurs took over a year to reach maturity. You throw in very slow incubation times on top of that, and these attributes are collectively a bunch of black eights and aces.”
The study only looked at two specimens, and it remains to be seen whether long incubation times were a universal feature of dinosaur biology. Still, it’s sobering to think that one of the most infamous extinction events in Earth’s history may have been tipped off, at least in part, by excessive parenting. [PNAS]Aslında, sadece bu sorunun olgun escort gereksiz olduğunu kabul etmeliyiz. Ona cevap vermek zorunda değilsin, hatta daha da fazla mazeret yapmak zorunda değilsin.
Bunu yaparken, onu soran kişiyi anlayabiliriz. Esasen, günün 24 saati işe dalmış olup olmadığınızı veya gerçekten buluşacak zamanın olmadığında hayatınızın sonsuz geçişlerden oluşup oluşmadığını bilmek istiyor. Ama bunu sorabilirsin!
Bu sorunun bir nedeni olduğu ortaya çıkıyor: Hala yalnızsan senin sorunun ne? Muhtemelen seninle hiç vakit harcamamalı mıdır? Ve karşılığında kişisel hayatındaki başarısızlıklarından bahsetmeye başlayınca, gerçekten buna değmeyeceği ortaya çıkabilir!
Sorunun iyi cevabı Neden? – Çünkü ben çok istedim. Sen ne söyleyeceğini düşünürken (hatta zaman kazanmak için tuvalete kibirli bir bahaneyle koşarken), ne bilmek istediğini çoktan unutmuş olması oldukça mümkündür.true
آذری جهرمی گفت: ارائه خدمات ارتباطی در مناطق روستایی و دور افتاده برای اپراتورهای ثابت و سیار توجیه اقتصادی ندارد. در واقع ارائه خدمات ارتباطی در این مناطق وظیفه دولت است که در حال حاضر با سرمایهگذاری در حال انجام است.
به گزارش گیل سداد محمدجواد آذری جهرمی، وزیر ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات در بیست و سومین نمایشگاه مطبوعات با اشاره به مشکلات ارتباطی در روستاها و مناطق دور افتاده گفت: در قوانین ارتباطی کشور، ردیفی با نام خدمات اجباری در کشور وجود دارد که به منظور اجرای این قوانین، بودجهای برای ارتقا خدمات ارتباطی نقاط روستایی، دورافتاده و کمتر توسعه پیدا کرده کشور به نسلهای جدید ارتباطی در وزارت ارتباطات در نظر گرفته شده است.
وزیر ارتباطات در رابطه با اهداف خدمات اجباری وزارت ارتباطات خاطر نشان کرد: برای تحقق عدالت اجتماعی و کاهش شکاف دیجیتالی میان بخشهای مختلف کشور باید اپراتورها با کمک وزارت ارتباطات و فناوری اطلاعات در مناطق روستایی و کمتر توسعه پیدا کرده خدمات ارائه کنند.
آذری جهرمی با بیان این که ارائه خدمات ارتباطی نسل جدید در روستاها و مناطق دورافتاده برای اپراتورها توجیه اقتصادی ندارد، گفت: ارائه خدمات ارتباطی در مناطق روستایی و دور افتاده برای اپراتورهای ثابت و سیار توجیه اقتصادی ندارد. در واقع ارائه خدمات ارتباطی در این مناطق وظیفه دولت است که در حال حاضر با سرمایه گذاری در حال انجام است.
وی تاکید کرد: باید مدل اینترنت ایران از مدل فروش حجمی به مدل نامحدود تغییر پیدا کند.
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- کامل کردن گزینه های ستاره دار (*) الزامی است
- آدرس پست الکترونیکی شما محفوظ بوده و نمایش داده نخواهد شدHarvey Kasırgası”nın yol açtığı yükselmekte olan suların içinde sıkışıp kalan 14 yaşındaki Tyler Frank, yüksek ateş ve şiddetli ağrılarına rağmen kendisini ve ailesini kurtarmak için çaresizce bir yol bulmaya çalışıyordu.
Acil yardım hattı 911″i aramak işe yaramamıştı. Facebook ve Instagram üzerinden yardım istemek de aynı şekilde sonuçsuz kaldı.
Tyler “Siri yeterince akıllı! Bir de ona sorayım! diye düşündüm” diyor.
Ve gerçekten de Siri yeterince akıllıydı. Apple”ın kişisel asistanına yaptığı tek bir taleple (Siri, Sahil Güvenliği ara) hem kendisini, hem de ailesini iki günlük fırtına macerasından kurtarmayı başarmıştı.
Sickle hücre anemisi krizi
Zaman zaman nüksediyordu. Tyler”ın genetik bir rahatsızlık olan “Sickle hücre anemisi” hastalığı vardı. Harvey şehri vurduğunda hastalığı nüksetmiş, sert ve tuhaf biçimli kırmızı kan hücreleri kan damarlarını tıkayarak, oksijenin vücudunun diğer bölgelerine ulaşmasına engel olmuştu.
Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüleri”nin yaptığı açıklamaya göre “Sickle hücre anemisi”nin sebep olduğu ağrı, doğum sancısından beterdi.
Hematolog Dr. Titilope Fasipe’ de travma ya da soğuğa maruz kalmanın krizi tetikleyebildiğini belirtiyor. Tyler ise her iki durumdan da muzdaripti.
27 Ağustos günü sabah saatlerinde annesi ve üç kardeşi uyandıklarında, Tyler”ın çenesine kadar su basmıştı evi. Kısa bir süre sonra su seviyesi, neredeyse baş hizasının üzerine kadar çıkmıştı.
Tyler”ın 18 yaşında olan en büyük erkek kardeşi Joseph onu sırtına alarak, evin çatısına taşımıştı. Joseph’ın bir küçüğü olan 16 yaşındaki Brayland”da evin en küçük çocuğu 8 yaşındaki Jaqarus”u sırtına almıştı.
Soğukta titreyen Tyler”ın yegane korunağı bir havludan ibaretti. Ki o da bir süre sonra ıslanmıştı.
Tyler Sahil Güvenliği arıyor
İşte o an Siri”den Sahil Güvenliği aramasını istemek gelmişti Tyler”ın aklına. Hattın diğer ucundaki adama ailesinin bulunduğu yerin tarifini yapan Tyler, hasta olduğunu ve hayatından endişe ettiğini söylemişti.
Buna karşılık adam da ona cesur bir “erkek” olduğunu söylemiş.
“Ben kızım dedim adama. O da bana “oo, sen cesur bir kızsın!” dedi. Ben de teşekkür ettim” diyor Tyler.
Sahil Güvenliğe ait bir helikopter öğleden sonra olay mahalline ulaşmıştı. Tyler”ın annesi Tameko Frank yaşanan sahneyi “Facebook Live”da kaydetmiş.
Kurtarma ekibinden biri helikopterden sarkarak Tyler”ın annesiyle konuşmuş, hasta biri var mı diye sormuş. O esnada Tyler”ın ateşi 39,44 derece civarındaymış.
“Evet, sickle hücre anemisi hastası bir kızım var. Tek istediğim onu almanız” demiş. Tyler”ın annesi adamın ona sadece yaşlıları aldığını, diğerleri için geri döneceğini söylediğini söylüyor.
“Orada, adamın hemen önünde duruyordu kızım. Ama o döndü ve helikoptere binerek, gitti” diyor Frank.
Helikopter havalanırken Tyler kendini terk edilmiş hissetmiş.
“Neden onlara gerçekten ihtiyacımız varken gittiler ki? Bu durum beni ağlattı.”
Sahil Güvenlik CNN”e yaptığı bir açıklamada “Sahil Güvenlik ilk yardım ekipleri Harvey Kasırgası”ndan ötürü çok sayıda yardım talebiyle karşı karşıya kalmıştı. Kurtarma ekipleri aciliyet etkenlerine göre (örneğin derhal, hayati tehlike durumları gibi) karşılaştıkları vakaların anlık değerlendirmelerini yapmak zorunda kaldılar” dedi.
Helikopterle gelen kurtuluş
Forest Brook Lisesi”nde A derece nota sahip 9. Sınıf öğrencisi Tyler, kararlıydı. Siri”nin verdiği numara üzerinden tekrar aradı Sahil Güvenliği.
Ertesi sabah bir helikopter indi ve bu sefer onu alarak, uzaklaştı. Annesi ise yine Facebook Live”da yayınladı bu anı.搜狐体育讯 在阿沃里亚兹，安迪-施莱克成为2009年继哥哥弗兰克-施莱克后第15位赢得环法赛赛段冠军的卢森堡车手；埃文斯也成为继4年来布南之后首位穿上黄衫的现役世锦赛冠军。不过人们所有的目光都放在七冠王阿姆斯特朗身上，因为三次摔车事故彻底毁了美国传奇在自己最后一次环法赛的争冠梦。在接受采访时，39岁的朗哥直言：这次环法赛对我来说已经结束了！
阿姆斯特朗第一次意外发生在比赛进行到7公里处，当时包括埃文斯在内的几位大部队中的车手不幸摔车，朗哥为躲避事故只能从边路草地上起过，虽未摔车但浪费了点时间，好在在四位队友的帮助下，阿姆斯特朗很快又跟上了大部队。就在今天比赛之前，AG2R车队的主将罗切在接受采访时还表示：“我当然认为阿姆斯特朗、康塔多和施莱克是今天最大的竞争对手。”
不过今天阿姆斯特朗的运气糟透了，在向高难度的拉马兹路段进发时，在大部队中的朗哥又遇事故并且不幸摔车，左肘出现擦伤，左膝也见血。在更换坐骑后，阿姆斯特朗在四名队友协助下再次重返大集团军之中，此时距离终点约51公里。就在赛前朗哥接受采访时表示：“我认为关键就是莫尔齐讷之前的拉马兹，因为这一段非常难。”结果朗哥这一下把自己身上的号码都摔破了，后背也是疑似受伤。
之后，朗哥追赶康塔多所在的小团队，一度将双方差距缩小到23秒。不过离终点15公里处，阿姆斯特朗又一次遭遇事故，使得最后希望彻底破碎。他在距离终点15公里左右的位置又一次发生事故，当起身时朗哥的面部是生气的表情。最终，阿姆斯特朗本赛段第61个冲线，落后安迪-施莱克11分45秒。更要命的是在总成绩榜上昨天刚刚反弹的朗哥今天便“崩盘”，落后拥有黄色领骑衫的埃文斯有13分26秒的巨大差距。
在本赛段过后，BBC立即向网友调查：阿姆斯特朗是否还该继续？朗哥自己则给出肯定的答案。“这不是属于我的一天，并且是雪上加霜。在环法赛中我曾有过许多美妙的日子，但这一次我的环法赛已经结束了，但我还会继续参加比赛，现在我要为团队而战。我现在还会享受比赛，会尽量从中寻找乐趣，我不会为此抱怨！”
在谈到事故时，朗哥表示：“我们一起合作骑行到拉马兹之前，我突然踩空脚踏，然后我的轮胎就滚开了，接下来我就以60-65公里/小时的时速在地上滚了起来。再追回差距已经非常困难了，特别是身体很难受。”
最后夺得赛段冠军的安迪-施莱克也对朗哥遭遇的事故感到遗憾。“他就在我的右前方发生了摔车事故，肯定是发生了什么，或许是前胎爆胎，然后事情就变得很棘手了，他真的被事故给毁了。我原本认为他今天可以位居前列，但今天所有的霉运都找上了他。对兰斯的遭遇我感到有些遗憾，我知道他想在自己最后一次环法之旅中想取得好成绩，我觉得他现在士气有些低，但他肯定会努力争取赢下一个赛段冠军的！”2010环法赛第八赛段，阿姆斯特朗的八冠梦就这样破碎了！（搜狐体育 陶朗加）Il bullismo è un grave problema nella nostra società che dovrebbe essere preso sul serio. Il bullismo prolungato può influenzare l’autostima e la qualità della vita di una persona in diversi modi. Sfortunatamente, il bullismo è molto comune nelle scuole e nei luoghi di lavoro, il che richiede un’azione immediata.
Austin Shifflett è
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keti ile birlikte gelir. Malzeme: % 100 pamuk
1,80 m boyundaki biri için L bedenini öneriyoruz.
Bu, güncellenmiş bir uyum ile yeni ve geliştirilmiş kapşonlumuzdur - bedeninizi bulmak için lütfen beden tablosunu kontrol edin. Dövme sanatçılarından etkilenmiş ve tasarlanmıştır. Ürettiğimiz her ürünün arkasında gururla duruyoruz.首先说下博客的名字：
可可熊 –>>我从2001年开始在网上使用的名字;cocobear–>> 从一个网友的信纸而来;可可熊由此而来;
以前也不知道我写博客的目的，今天终于有了答案，这个博客应该是我成长过程中的一本日记，无论是技术上的成长还是生活中的成长。
你可以在网站的首页找到我的联系方式- تقویت فوری چشم و دندان
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- به آن پر رنگ #000834 بدهید
- پرتره کامل: روتوش ساده
هرگز دستگاه هایفو "مصرف خانگی" را خریداری نکنید زیرا تضمین شده است که هیچ نتیجه ای ارائه نمی دهد و ممکن است عوارض جانبی خطرناکی ایجاد کند. فیلترهای برنده جایزه Color Efex Pro به طور گسترده توسط بسیاری از عکاسان حرفه ای امروزی در سراسر جهان برای صرفه جویی در زمان و به دست آوردن نتایج حرفه ای استفاده می شود. برای مثال، شماره زیر Home Miami، رنگ قرمز پر جنب و جوش صندلیهای پاسیو را نمونهبرداری میکند، درست همانطور که شماره مجله Seventeen از رنگ صورتی رژ لب Avril Lavigne استفاده میکند. به عنوان مثال، انیماتور به جای اینکه اشیا با سرعت ثابت حرکت کنند یا ناگهان شروع و متوقف شوند (که به ندرت در دنیای واقعی اتفاق می افتد)، انیماتور آهسته و آهسته را ترکیب می کند، به این معنی که آنها را وادار می کند شروع کنند. به آهستگی و شتاب گرفتن تا سرعت بیشتر یا کاهش سرعت و کاهش سرعت قبل از توقف کامل.
- ✓ افزایش تراکم پوست تا 30 درصد
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- برای دسترسی فوری به منحصر به فرد ترین بینش های عملی
- زنان در دوران پیش از یائسگی یا یائسگی که می خواهند رحم را حفظ کنند
- کسب و کار چه می کند؟ برند مورد نظر چه کسی است
به عنوان مثال، جاده کنار رودخانه 滨江路، مجهز به یک مسیر دوچرخه سواری و دویدن بدون ماشین زیبا در سراسر رودخانه است. 5 خط بین منطقه شهری، پارک دانشگاه Guilinyang و فرودگاه وجود دارد. آکادمی که به خوبی حفظ شده است اکنون محل دانشگاه عادی Qiongtai است. این آکادمی پس از آن که یک درام معروف کانتونی و چیونگ بر اساس وقایع آنجا نوشته شد، جشن گرفته شد. در کنار ساحل Sanjiao Pond، منطقه طلایی Haikou City، که در آن محیط خوب و امکانات حمل و نقل قرار دارد. ساختمان حمل و نقل بین المللی مسافر در مساحتی بالغ بر 13200 متر مربع بدون پل قرار دارد. هایکو یک مرکز حمل و نقل با پرواز به بسیاری از شهرها و قایق به شهرهای نزدیک به سرزمین اصلی مانند بیهای و ژانجیانگ است. قطارهای بین شهری در برخی از شهرستان ها و شهرهای استان هاینان، از جمله شهر سانیا.
هایفو تراپی تهران کجا برم
فرودگاه بینالمللی هایکو میلان بزرگترین و شلوغترین فرودگاه هاینان است که دومین فرودگاه بینالمللی سانیا فینیکس است. قطارها در واقع از سانیا شروع و به پایان می رسند، اما با اتوبوس حدود یک ساعت طول می کشد تا از مرکز شهر به ایستگاه قطار برسید، و ایستگاه قطار در سانیا نیز از منطقه مرکز شهر آن شهر دور است. این خدمات فقط از قطارهای با سرعت معمولی استفاده می کنند. برای پخش جریانی محتوا باید از کروم و برای محتوای آفلاین از برنامه استفاده کنید. اخیراً گوگل پشتیبانی بومی برای Android Debugging Bridge (ADB) را پس از Chrome OS 85 در کانال پایدار آورده است.
بنابراین برای نتیجه گیری، اگر به دنبال بهترین برنامه های سیستم عامل کروم برای طراحی و طراحی هستید، هر دو این گزینه ها عالی هستند. حتی میتوانید لهجههای روشنتر و کمرنگتری برای عناصر UI خاص ایجاد کنید، که یک گزینه عالی است. نتیجه فوقالعاده به نظر میرسد و شما واقعاً از همه تصاویر استوک خود که من میتوانم بگویم نتیجه برنامهریزی دقیق است، به خوبی استفاده کردید. بازار جهانی زیبایی شناسی سونوگرافی متمرکز با شدت بالا (HIFU) می تواند با استفاده از گزارش به عنوان یک منبع قدرتمند، دست برتر را به دست آورد. صرف نظر از وضعیت تعمیر مانیتور یا روش کالیبراسیون من، اگر از یک تصویر نمونه برداری کنم، می توانم مقادیر RGB را برای یک پیکسل خاص در فتوشاپ تعیین کنم. یک راه قدرتمند برای تنظیم منحنی های هدفمند در Adobe Photoshop این است که CTRL را روی صفحه کلید خود نگه دارید و یک نقطه مرجع موقت ترسیم کنید. این نیاز به یک بازسازی کامل در Cocoa برای مک دارد تا در 64 بیت باشد که طبق منابع من Adobe در حال کار روی آن برای آینده است. خرید کنید. دانلود. ايجاد كردن. اکنون Photoshop CS5 را در فروشگاه Adobe دریافت کنید.
- کار با چندین تصویر، خط کش، راهنما و شبکه
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- درمان غیر تهاجمی غیر جراحی
- معاینه زنان – به متخصص زنان مراجعه کنید
همچنین شامل اخبار فتوشاپ CS3! طبقه چهارم شامل اولین کلاس، سالن بیزینس کلاس و سالن غذاخوری مسافر است. بهترین مکان برای گردشگران و مردان تجاری است. فروشگاه دیوتی فری فرودگاه میلان در قسمت ایزوله ترمینال های T1 و T2 فرودگاه با ساعت کاری 6:00 الی 23:00 واقع شده است. همچنین رستوران ها، کافه ها، سوپرمارکت ها و غیره مختلفی برای انتخاب در داخل و خارج فرودگاه وجود دارد. نزدیکترین ایستگاه قطار سریع السیر در سرزمین اصلی در Zhanjiang است که با قطار سریع السیر حدود 3 ساعت از گوانگژو فاصله دارد. یک پیوند قطار بین هایکو و استان گوانگدونگ وجود دارد (قطارها برای عبور از تنگه بر روی کشتی بارگیری می شوند). همچنین می توانید با اتوبوس به Zhanjiang در استان گوانگدونگ بروید. اتصالات اتوبوس از Xuwen به شهرهای دیگر وجود دارد، اما گزینه ها در مقایسه با Haikou محدود است، به خصوص در عصر. تعداد کارگران مهاجر مسافت کوتاه با سرعت بسیار بیشتری نسبت به کارگران مهاجر مسافت طولانی در دهه گذشته افزایش یافته است. افزایش 30 درصدی از سال 2010 در مقایسه با 11 درصد برای کارگران مهاجر از راه دور. با توجه به موقعیت مرکزیتر آن در مقایسه با ایستگاه هایکو، این ایستگاه در بین مسافرانی که در خط HSR هاینان سفر میکنند محبوبیت بیشتری دارد.
تخفیفان هایفو تهران
سالن نمایشگاه یک مرور کلی از تجربه هاینان در طول جنگ دوم چین و ژاپن ارائه می دهد، اگرچه متاسفانه هیچ اطلاعاتی به زبان انگلیسی وجود ندارد. فصل 5: تجزیه و تحلیل بخش های مختلف بازار را با توجه به نوع محصول ارائه می دهد که اندازه بازار و پتانسیل توسعه هر بخش از بازار را پوشش می دهد تا به خوانندگان کمک کند تا بازار اقیانوس آبی را در بخش های مختلف بازار پیدا کنند. فصل 1: محدوده گزارش گزارش، خلاصه اجرایی بخش های مختلف بازار (بر اساس منطقه، نوع محصول، برنامه کاربردی و غیره)، از جمله اندازه بازار هر بخش از بازار، پتانسیل توسعه آینده و غیره را معرفی می کند. در آن زمان فرودگاه هایکو دایینگشان نمی توانست توسعه یابد زیرا در مرکز شهر قرار داشت و نمی توانست پاسخگوی نیازهای آینده باشد. محیطی آرام برای دیدار با دوستان و پذیرایی از مهمانان. پس از تکمیل فرودگاه، به منظور پاسخگویی به تقاضای روزافزون مسافران، کریدورهای سمت شرق/غرب ترمینال T1 به ترتیب در سال 2002 و 2014 توسعه یافتند. پیش بند ترمینال 1 فرودگاه بر اساس استاندارد 4E طراحی شده است.
هایفو تهرانسر
با توجه به روش استاندارد عمل بالینی معمول، آموزش قبلی، و کنترل کیفیت، (1) جراحان ملزم به داشتن گواهینامه هیئت مدیره برای بیش از 3 سال، با تخصص در زنان بودند. و (2) متخصصان در درمان USgHIFU آموزش دیدند و گواهینامه مجاز توسط وزارت بهداشت چین را دریافت کردند. 192 اتاق دو نفره استاندارد بین المللی. حمل و نقل زمینی در ضلع شمالی ترمینال 1 با مساحت 322300 متر مربع شامل ساختمان هتل با زیربنای 99000 متر مربع، پارکینگ تجاری با زیربنای 223300 متر مربع و 1040 واقع شده است. اتاق های هتل.
از این رو به آن ترمینال اتوبوس بین استانی (省际总站) نیز میگویند. اگر تصمیم گرفتید اتوبوس را از فرودگاه دریافت کنید، آدرس هتل خود را به مهماندار نشان دهید که اتوبوسی را که شما را به نزدیکترین نقطه میرساند به شما نشان میدهد. این همچنین ایستگاه اصلی اتوبوس برای خدمات اتوبوس بین استانی است. با این حال، اگر از سرزمین اصلی سفر می کنید، باید قطار را در ایستگاه هایکو عوض کنید. هایکو دارای سه ایستگاه اصلی راه آهن از جمله ایستگاه فرودگاه است. یک راهآهن پرسرعت شهرهای بزرگ در سواحل شرقی و غربی هاینان را به هم متصل میکند. کائو، لانگ لانگ، گوئو، شویکسیا، ژیو، ژیمین، هو، یونگ، لیو، هایهونگ، موانسیسیا، تومبونه ای.، پو، ویدان، یانگ، بو، لیو، چانگ، فنگ، جیانفنگ، چن، اریک ی.اچ، لیو، ژنینگ ، 2014. اتصال عملکردی نابجا برای تشخیص اختلال افسردگی اساسی: یک تجزیه و تحلیل متمایز.
فصل دهم: پویایی بازار، آخرین تحولات بازار، عوامل محرک و عوامل محدودکننده بازار، چالش ها و ریسک های پیش روی تولیدکنندگان در صنعت و تحلیل سیاست های مربوطه در صنعت را معرفی می کند. کارشناسان صنعت همچنین عوامل کلیدی را که به ایجاد فرصتهایی برای بازیکنان و تثبیت صنعت کلی در سالهای آینده کمک میکند، برجسته کردهاند. پس از تکمیل، فرودگاه میلان دو منطقه پروازی در جنوب و شمال را تشکیل میدهد که سطح منطقه پروازی به ترتیب 4E و 4F خواهد بود. نمونههای پرواز زیر با قیمتهای کلاس اقتصادی یک طرفه (مارس 2017). تخفیف تا 50 درصد غیرعادی نیست.
هایفوتراپی پاسداران
این شهر از بسیاری از شهرهای چین سبزتر است و کیفیت هوای مناسبی دارد. همچنین پروازهای بین المللی از هنگ کنگ با خطوط هوایی هنگ کنگ، تایپه با خطوط هوایی چین، سئول با ججو ایر سنگاپور با اسکات تایگر ایر و جت استار، کوالالامپور با خطوط هوایی مالزی، پنانگ در مالیندو ایر، پنوم پن و سیم ریپ در کامبوج انگکور ایر و بندر سری بگاوان در خطوط هوایی رویال برونئی. لیو، جیم. "اضافه شدن شبکه بین المللی Air Busan W19". Luke Liu، Walbro (Tianjin) Industries Co., Ltd. در میان آنها، کانترهای 1-16 به Hainan Airlines، کانترهای 17-36 به Capital Airlines، Tianjin Airlines، Lucky Air، West Air، Beibu Gulf Airlines، Chang'an Airlines، Fortune Wings Airlines، Guilin Airlines، Fuzhou Airlines اختصاص داده شده است., و Urumqi Airlines, facial hypotherapy 37 -Counter 58 توسط خطوط هوایی غیر از China Southern Airlines و Chongqing Airlines استفاده می شود و کانترهای 59-74 کانترهای اختصاصی China Southern Airlines و Chongqing Airlines هستند. هایکو به عنوان مرکز استان هاینان، در ساحل شمال شرقی جزیره هاینان، بزرگترین جزیره چین واقع شده است. هایکو، مرکز استان هاینان، چین. 1 میلیون. هیچ افزایش یا تغییری در دستهها برای اعضای فصل در تیانجین، چین مرکزی (ووهان)، یا دالیان در چین وجود نخواهد داشت، با این حال، شرکتهایی که در پکن میپیوندند، اجازه خواهند داشت اعضای اضافی را در هر فصل بدون عضویت شرکتی جداگانه اختصاص دهند.
خوانندگان این بخش متوجه خواهند شد که چگونه سناریوی بازار زیباییشناسی سونوگرافی متمرکز با شدت بالا (HIFU) در سراسر جهان در طول همهگیری، پس از همهگیری و جنگ روسیه و اوکراین تغییر کرده است. فصل 3: تولید/خروجی، ارزش سونوگرافی متمرکز با شدت بالا (HIFU) به تفکیک منطقه/کشور. سیستم درمانی تومور اولتراسوند متمرکز هایفو که در بیمارستان عمومی انکولوژی خوزه سی پاز قرار دارد به مرکز خدمات پزشکی از راه دور هایفو در چین متصل است. تا کنون، سه سخنرانی عمومی در پکن برگزار شده است و از چهار برنده دعوت شده است تا ارائه دهند.
- Brit.b می گوید
- (یوننان: Chuxiong
- کاهش چین و چروک
- همه: ctrl+A
والدین برای ایمن کردن مکانی برای فرزندشان در یک مدرسه دولتی، به طور معمول باید با پیچ و خم موانعی که توسط ادارات آموزش محلی ایجاد شده است، مذاکره کنند، به ویژه در شهرهای بزرگ که با حسادت از منابع آموزشی آنها محافظت می کنند. هایکو قطب اصلی خطوط هوایی هاینان است که پروازهای داخلی از بسیاری از شهرهای چین و از برخی مقاصد بین المللی مانند بانکوک، اوزاکا، سیدنی، ملبورن و رم دارد. علاوه بر این، هایکو توسط سایر خطوط هوایی چین، به ویژه خطوط هوایی چین جنوبی، به خوبی خدمات رسانی می شود. علاوه بر این، توافق متوسط در رشد اندازه ضایعه در هر دو شبیه سازی (16.2، 73.1 و 334.7 میلی متر مربع) و آزمایش (26.2، 94.2 و 206.2 میلی متر مربع) مشاهده شد. این در پی توافق نیروهای کمونیست و کومینتانگ برای توقف جنگ داخلی و همکاری با یکدیگر برای مبارزه با ارتش مهاجم ژاپنی انجام شد. کار بازسازی در اوایل دهه 2010 آغاز شد و در سال 2020 به پایان رسید. این مقبره اکنون بخشی از یک پارک کوچک به نام پارک فرهنگی کیو جون (丘浚文化园) است. Feng, Ruiqing, Rolls, Edmund T., Cheng, Wei, Feng, Jianfeng, 2020. فشار خون بالا با کاهش اتصال هیپوکامپ و اختلال حافظه مرتبط است.
اگر شما هر گونه سوالی در رابطه با کجا و نحوه استفاده از هایفوتراپی پاسداران دارید، می توانید با ما در صفحه وب تماس بگیرید.Bomba gibi
1. İyi, sağlam, göz alıcı, gösterişli.
deyimin anlamı, açıklaması ve örnek cümleler:
"Bomba gibi bir araba aldım."
2. İyi hazırlanmış, çok çalışmış.
"Bugün bomba gibiyim, maçı bekliyoruz."
3. Etkileyici, şaşırtıcı.
"Sana bomba gibi haberlerim var."
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Öneride bulunmak deyimi
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Suna gibi deyimi
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ATASÖZLERİ SÖZLÜĞÜ ANA SAYFAناگفته های دوران آخرین نخست وزیر ایران
انتشار اولین گفت و گوی رسانه ای و پایان دو دهه سکوت مدیری که در سخت ترین شرایط، مسوولیت مهار هزاران بحران را در اداره امور عمومی کشور عهده دار بوده است، بسیار پر معناست.
او اکنون به همان اندازه در شکست سکوت خود مصمم است که در آن دو دهه سکوت مصمم بود. میر حسین موسوی بی تردید نمونه ای منحصر به فرد در تاریخ سیاست ورزی ایرانی است که در اوج اقبال عمومی، سکوت را به تقسیم کردن اعتماد مردم با دیگر صاحبان قدرت ترجیح داد.
همچنان که سکوت 20 ساله او ناگفته هایی بسیار دارد، یک دهه مدیریت او بر کشوری که در اولین سال های پس از پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی، هزاران بحران اقتصادی و اجرایی را همزمان با جنگ تجربه کرده است، ناگفته هایی شگفت دارد.
او از پیچیدگی های رصد کردن امور اجرایی و مدیریت تأمین نیازهای اقتصادی کشور در شرایط سخت جنگ سخن می گوید. گویی اتاق نخست وزیر ،اتاق مدیریت بحران کشور بوده است.
نخست وزیر برای نخستین بار از پیچیدگی ها و دشواری های فرآیند تدوین سناریوی های فوق محرمانه مدیریت بحران در اداره امور عمومی در دهه نخست پرده برمی دارد، سناریوهایی که گاه تنها 9 نسخه از آن تدوین شد.
اما استراتژیست مدیریت بحران که بیشترین بهانه را برای مسدود کردن و محرمانه کردن جریان اطلاعات در دولت خود داشته است، از مزایا و کارکرد های مثبت روابط دموک
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akşamları rahatlamak için bir sığınak haline gelir. Arkanıza yaslanıp en sevdiğiniz filmin keyfini çıkartmak, iyi bir kitapla kıvrılmak veya kestirmek isteyip istemediğinizi düşünün, en uygun konforlu alanı hedeflemek ve en iyi aydınlatmaları ve parçaları seçmek için zaman ayırmak önemlidir. .
Salon Dekorasyonu Planı Temel Ayrıntılar
1. Harika bir düzen oluşturun
Göz önünde bulundurulması gereken ilk şey mevcut alanı en iyi şekilde değerlendirmek ve istediğiniz mobilya parçalarıdır. Standart eşyalar arasında bir kanepe, koltuk, sehpa ve TV ünitesi bulunur, ancak yan sehpaları, ekstra koltukları, zemin lambalarını ve depolamayı da eklemek isteyebilirsiniz. Sonra ölçmeye başlayabilirsiniz, böylece her şeyin nereye yerleştirmeniz gerektiği konusunda çalışabilirsiniz.
Başlamak için en iyi şey, istediğiniz mobilya parçalarının kağıt şablonlarını yapmak ve onları yerinde düzenlemek tır. Her bir öğe arasında yeterince yer bırakmayı unutmayın, bu yüzden oda geniş gözüküyor ve mobilyaların etrafında rahatça yürüyebiliyorsunuz.
2. Sosyol Bir Alan
Salon dekorasyonu planı yaparken dikkat etmeniz gereken en temel şeyler rahat ve davetkar olmalıdır . Ailenizle rahatlamak veya arkadaşlarınızı eğlendirmek için mükemmel bir yer düşünün. Kanepeleri doğrudan TV’ye doğru değil, birbirleriyle karşı karşıya getirerek daha sosyal bir alan yaratmanızı tavsiye ederiz. TV’yi kapatmanıza izin verecek bir birim düşünün, bu odayı daha rahat hissettirecek.
Mobilyanın etrafında dolaşmak için bol miktarda depolama alanı ve yer sağlayarak pratik ve şık bir oda oluşturun.
Daha Fazla : 2020 Salon Dekorasyonu
3. Alandan en iyi şekilde yararlanın
Her şeyi bir odaya sığdırmaya uğraşıyorsanız, hacimli bir sehpa, küçük bir iki kişilik kanepe, taban alanı yerine yükseklik kullanan ince dikey depolama alanı ve duvar lambaları, masaların bir yuvası gibi akıcı mobilyalara bakın. Yeni bir yüzey gerektirmeyen masa lambaları da düşünebilirsiniz. Odayı aydınlık ve havadar hissettirmek için diğer püf noktalar , pencerelerin karşısına yerleştirilmiş aynalarla odanın etrafında doğal ışığın olmasını ve nötr tonlarda sade bir renk şeması ve desenli kumaşlardan ziyade sade bir renk seçilmesi önerilir.
4. Son dokunuşlar
İyi ve şık bir salon dekorasyonu planı için temel eşyalar bir kez yerleştirildikten sonra, minderler, örtüler ve kilim ile salona renk ve ilgi ekleyin. Tablolar veya çerçeveli aile fotoğraflarını asın ve şema ile bağlantı kurmak için perdeleri düşünün. Mükemmel bir salon dekorasyonu planında perdeler modern bir görünüm yaratırken, tam uzunlukta perdeler kış için daha idealdir.
Laminat pratik ve dayanıklıdır ve çok çeşitli yüzeyler, tonlar ve stiller içerir. Etkileyici Beton Ahşap laminat modelleri düşünebilirsiniz.
5. Süper depolama
Sakin ve düzenli bir oda yaratmak için, kitaplar dergiler, DVD’ler , CD’ler, oyun konsolları ve çocuk oyuncaklarına kadar bir evde ihtiyaç duyulan her şeyi hesaba katmak ve her bir unsuru korumak için özel bir yer ayırmak önemlidir .
Doğru depolama alanını seçmek için ne kadara ihtiyacınız olduğu, boş alanınız ve elde etmeyi umduğunuz genel bakış açısına bağlı olacaktır. Vazolar, kitaplar, mumlar ve fotoğraflar gibi öğeleri göstermek istiyorsanız açık raflar mükemmeldir ve odaya çekici bir özellik getirir. Ancak dağınıklığı gizlemek için bir yer istiyorsanız işe yaramazlar.Robert Glaser - Instructional Systems - 1962
Robert Glaser describes an instructional system in 1962 (p.1-30) that is comprised of five components:
- Instructional Goals (system objectives)
- Entering Behavior (system input)
- Instructional Procedures (system operator)
- Performance Assessments (output monitor).
- Research and Development Logistics (analysis and evaluation)
The chart below maps the flow of them:
Glaser discusses the bottom four components (p.5-6):
“The development of the system is initiated with the specification of the goals of instruction. These goals constitute the objective to be accomplished and the purpose for which the system is to be designed. The main input into the system, upon which it is designed to operate, consists of the entering behavior of the student. This consists of the initial repertoire, aptitudes, and prior educational background with which the instructional process begins. The next phase constitutes the actual instructional procedures and experiences which are employed to guide and modify behavior.”
He then discusses how the four components feed into Research and Development Logistics, and in turn, how it feeds back into the four components:
“The final phase in an instructional situation is some sort of “quality control,” that is, assessment of the extent to which the end-of-course behavior has been achieved by he student in light of the kind of performance required by the specified instructional goals. These phases are the main flow of the instructional system, but it has many feedback loops and subsidiary inputs. The information obtained in each phase supplies data which are useful for monitoring and correcting the output of the preceding phase; for example, measurement of the kind of performance achieved can provide information for redesign of instructional procedures, and information on instructional procedures can interact with the characteristics of the entering behavior. Feeding in to all phases are the results of research and development. The implementation of these results and the fruitful interplay between research and development, on the one hand, and the operating aspects of the system, on the other, involve important logistical considerations.”
It is interesting that although the book was published in 1962, the same year Robert Mager published his Preparing Instructional Objectives, he describes the obtainment of “terminal behavior,” which is defined as the performance that the learner should display at the end of a specific instructional situation (p.7). Thus, both authors had the idea of performance objectives at roughly the same time, although they used different terms.
Another interesting aspect is Glaser's distinction between learning and teaching, for he writes how the Zeitgeist of the times are bridging the “science of learning” and the “art of teaching” (p.2). This is important as while a teaching system may be quite linear, the very dynamics of learning must be quite flexible in order to support the needs of the learner.
Glaser also discuses the difference between training and education and how they affect learning outcomes (p4-5):
- Training: The end-products of learning can be specified in terms of particular instances of student performance (precision of behavioral end-products are specified. This implies a certain level of uniformity.
- Education: The end-produce behaviors cannot be specified precisely because they are too complex. Maximize individual differences.
What is quite interesting about his instructional system is that even though it is one of the first ones, it has a very dynamic, rather than linear look and feel to it. For rather than being a step-by-step model, it feeds and nourishes both forward and backwards. In addition, it loses any linearity with the research and development activities being directed at each phase.
Next Section: The Air Force's Five Step Approach
Return to the History of Instructional System Design
Glaser, R. (1962). Psychology and Instructional Technology. Training Research and Education. Glaser, R. (ed). Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
It is interesting to note that of the many references that Glaser cites, two of them are:Least Log Slope Squared (LLSS) Method
It is generally not a good idea to allow reflectance curves with negative values. Not only is this physically meaningless, but it also can cause problems down the road when the reflectance curves are used in other computations. For example, when modeling subtractive color mixture, it may be necessary to require the reflectance curves to be strictly positive.
One way to modify the LSS method to keep reflectances positive is to operate the algorithm in the space of the logarithm of reflectance values, . I call this the Least Log Slope Squared (LLSS) method:
This new optimization is not as easy to solve as the previous one. Nevertheless, the Lagrangian formulation can still be used, giving rise to a system of 39 nonlinear equations and 39 unknowns:
where is the same 3636 tridiagonal matrix presented earlier.
Newton’s method solves this system of equations with ease, typically in just a few iterations. Forming the Jacobian matrix,
the change in the variables with each Newton iteration is found by solving the linear system
Here is a Matlab program for the LLSS (Least Log Slope Squared) method. It also works in the free Octave software. I added a check for the special case of sRGB = (0,0,0), which simply returns . This is necessary since the log formulation is not able to create a reflectance of exactly zero (nor is that desirable in some applications). It can come very close to zero as approaches , but it is numerically better to handle this one case specially. I chose the value of 0.0001 because it is the largest power of ten that translates back to an integer sRGB triplet of (0,0,0).
If you prefer not to work in a programming environment, here is an Excel spreadsheet that implements the LLSS method. Just follow the instructions at the top of the spreadsheet. It uses the “Solver” add-in within Excel, which you may need to load. Here are instructions for doing that.
The LLSS method requires substantially more computational effort than the previous two methods. Each iteration of Newton’s method requires the solution of 39 linear equations in 39 unknowns.
This Matlab program has also been tested in Octave and was found to work fine.
The presentation is spread over several web pages. Click the Next Page or Previous Page links to move sequentially. To access a page directly, use these links:
2. Computing an sRGB triplet from a Reflectance Curve
3. Linear Least Squares (LLS) Method
4. Least Slope Squared (LSS) Method
5. Least Log Slope Squared (LLSS) Method (this page)
6. Iterative Least Log Slope Squared (ILLSS) Method
7. Iterative Least Slope Squared (ILSS) Method
8. Comparison of Methods
9. Conclusions (pre-6/4/19)
10. Update 6/4/19: Least Hyperbolic Tangent Slope Squared (LHTSS) Method02-04-2016, Saat: 10:09
Bazı sözler vardır ki bunlar özel sözlerdir, hayatımıza yön verir ya da ufkumuzu genişletirler. Durup bir düşündürür, mevcut durumumuzu ve hayata bakışımızı sorgulatırlar. Öyleyse sözler çok güçlü olgulardır, hani derler ya "kalem, kılıçtan keskindir" işte oradaki kalem sözdür. Sözü yerli yerince söylediğinizde en büyük kayaların yolunuzdan çekildiğini görebilirsiniz. Tavsiyemiz bob marley sözlerini en az bir kez okuyunuz.Your remarkable brain—just like a computer—is an information-gathering machine and is constantly processing incoming data, then responding at lightning speed with “output.” As you go about your normal day-to-day activities, millions of messages are flying “back and forth” in your brain, influencing your daily decisions, actions, moods and emotions.
Neurotransmitters are internal chemicals that allow brain cells to talk to each other, or to communicate from cell to cell. Hour by hour and moment by moment, they efficiently manage your movements, emotions, pain, pleasure, heart rate, muscle tone and more.
Two neurotransmitters that are closely involved in all this “brain activity” are norepinephrine and acetylcholine. According to a group of researchers from the American Pharmacists Association, “The two most common neurotransmitters released by neurons of the ANS (Autonomic Nervous System) are acetylcholine and norepinephrine.”
They have been described by researchers as “control centers”—like a pushy boss telling your brain cells (neurons) what to do. They keep “mental” traffic moving efficiently, and act like a car’s accelerator, revving up the engine (or brain) when needed.
While foods don’t actually contain neurotransmitters, they do have vitamins and other substances that the body can use to make neurotransmitters. For example, foods rich in the amino acid “tyrosine” are needed for the brain to produce norepinephrine. And foods rich in the nutrient “choline” allow the body to produce acetylcholine. So if you want to know how to stimulate these neurotransmitters, you’ll need to know what foods contain tyrosine and choline!
Foods That Help Create Norepinephrine
When your body has the raw materials it needs, (tyrosine) is can produce norepinephrine that is involved in mood, focus, memory, alertness and concentration. Low levels are linked to lack of energy, focus, and motivation. Norepinephrine acts similarly to caffeine without any negative side effects, so there are no huge crashes!
To create norepinephrine in the body and reap its benefits, you will need to eat foods that are rich in tyrosine. According to the University of Maryland Medical Center, foods high in tyrosine include, “chicken, turkey, fish, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese, cheese, peanuts, almonds, pumpkin seeds, sesame seeds, soy products, lima beans and avocados.”
Specifically, turkey and chicken are low-fat protein sources that are rich in the amino acid. Chicken is very common in the diet but turkey, not so much! Try turkey sausage for breakfast, turkey sandwiches or substitute ground turkey for regular hamburger.
Cheese is another good source of tyrosine. Particularly high are Gruyere cheese, followed by Swiss, Edam, blue cheese and cottage cheese. And soy based foods are rich in tyrosine. The highest in percentage is tofu, followed by soy flour, tempeh, natto (fermented soy paste) and soy chips. Tempeh is made by a natural culturing process and involves fermentation that binds soybeans into a cake form.
And if you are not a vegetarian, lean beef and lamb are tyrosine-rich. Good choices are grilled steak (lean selections are best), beef tenderloin, rump roast, lamb shoulder, lamb roast, particularly those raised in New Zealand & Australian lamb (meats produced in New Zealand and Australia are more likely to be lower in fat and grass fed).
Foods That Help Create Acetylcholine
The nutrient called choline—a natural ingredient found in eggs, lecithin and other foods—has long been a “buzz” word in the natural food industry. As the name suggests, the neurotransmitter “acetylcholine” is made partly from choline. One of acetylcholine’s main jobs is to allow your cells to communicate with each other.
To produce adequate amounts of acetylcholine for brain function, you require choline in the diet. In addition to its other functions as mentioned above, choline helps breakdown fats, protects cells and is involved in numerous other bodily reactions. Acetylcholine is important for your memory, and for the ability to concentrate and focus. A deficiency may lead to a decline in cognitive function.
And as for depression, scientists have long known that the brain uses the signaling chemical called “serotonin” to ease depression. But they now say that acetylcholine is important, too. Dr. Marina Picciotto from Yale University says, “Acetylcholine disruption may be a primary cause of depression. If we can treat the root cause, perhaps we can get a better response from the patient.”
Foods that are rich sources of choline (needed for acetylcholine production) include meats, dairy, poultry and fish, with the highest levels found in liver. For vegetarians, chocolate, peanut butter, Brussels sprouts and broccoli all contain significant levels of choline. Wheat contains choline, but it’s found only in the “wheat germ,” so you will only get it if you eat whole-wheat products.
Lecithin—found in egg yolks and soy—is a fat-based nutrient frequently used in food processing. It is a rich source of choline and can be purchased in health food stores. You can add it to smoothies to boost the choline content. It is mild tasting and will not change the flavor of your smoothie.
Wheat—the grain source of most breads, pastas, pastries, muffins, bagels etc—is a good source of choline “if” you eat whole grain products. When you choose foods made from white flour (which is the most common source of starchy foods), you will not get the important wheat germ, which is where the choline is found. Go for whole wheat products for adequate quantities of choline.
As the message goes, it is extremely important to eat a diet that is healthy, balanced, natural and rich in unadulterated and unprocessed choices. And when focusing on foods that will feed the brain and help your body create neurotransmitters, you will want to eat a wide variety of all the foods mentioned above. That way, you will be feeding your brain with health-promoting nutrients that build neurotransmitters, allowing your moods and emotions to work at their peak!
McCorry, L. et al. Physiology of the Autonomic Nervous System. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education. 15 Aug, 2007. 2007 Aug 15; 71(4): 78.
Parslow K. Surviving the American High-Tech Diet. Tate Publishing. Jun 2014.
Picciotto, M. Potential Root Cause of Depression Discovered by NARSAD Grantee. Brain & Behavior Research Foundation. 18 Apr, 2013.
Staff. Tyrosine. University of Maryland Medical Center. http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/supplement/tyrosine
Whole Foods. http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=nutrient&dbid=50Stratejistler Avrupa Borsaları'ndan %3.1 artış bekliyor
Euro Bölgesi'ndeki krizin piyasaya etkisi konuda sıkça endişeleriyle gündeme gelen JP Morgan'dan, Bank of America'ya ve Morgan Stanley'ye kadar birçok dev bankanın stratejistleri, Avrupa'daki Borsalar için 2012 yıl sonu tahminlerinde bulundu. Stratejistlerin tahminlerinin ortalaması, Avrupa borsalarının 2012'yi yüzde 3.1 yukarıda tamamlayacağına işaret ediyor.
Aşağıdaki tablo, Avrupa borsalarının 11 Ocak'taki kapanışını referans almıştır.Celtuce goes by many different names including Stem Lettuce, Chinese Lettuce, and Asparagus Lettuce. Celtuce (Lactuca sativa var. augustana, angustata, or asparagine) is the most unique of the five lettuce varieties
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left kidney. By careful monitoring of the clamp position and body temperature during the period of ischaemia this model achieves reproducible functional and structural injury. Mice sacrificed 24 hr following surgery demonstrate loss of renal function with elevation of the serum or plasma creatinine level as well as structural kidney damage with acute tubular necrosis evident. Renal function improves and the acute tissue injury resolves during the course of 7 days following renal IRI such that this model may be used to study renal regeneration. This model of renal IRI has been utilized to study the molecular and cellular pathophysiology of AKI as well as analysis of the subsequent renal regeneration.
Medicine, Issue 88, Murine, Acute Kidney Injury, Ischaemia, Reperfusion, Nephrectomy, Regeneration, Laparotomy
Osteoclast Derivation from Mouse Bone Marrow
Institutions: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University.
Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells that are derived from the monocyte/macrophage lineage of the bone marrow. Their unique ability to resorb both the organic and inorganic matrices of bone means that they play a key role in regulating skeletal remodeling. Together, osteoblasts and osteoclasts are responsible for the dynamic coupling process that involves both bone resorption and bone formation acting together to maintain the normal skeleton during health and disease.
As the principal bone-resorbing cell in the body, changes in osteoclast differentiation or function can result in profound effects in the body. Diseases associated with altered osteoclast function can range in severity from lethal neonatal disease due to failure to form a marrow space for hematopoiesis, to more commonly observed pathologies such as osteoporosis, in which excessive osteoclastic bone resorption predisposes to fracture formation.
An ability to isolate osteoclasts in high numbers in vitro
has allowed for significant advances in the understanding of the bone remodeling cycle and has paved the way for the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies that combat these diseases.
Here, we describe a protocol to isolate and cultivate osteoclasts from mouse bone marrow that will yield large numbers of osteoclasts.
Cellular Biology, Issue 93, osteoclast, RANKL, culture, resorption assay, bone remodeling, bone turnover, skeletal homeostasis
Intravital Imaging of Axonal Interactions with Microglia and Macrophages in a Mouse Dorsal Column Crush Injury
Institutions: Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University, Case Western Reserve University.
Traumatic spinal cord injury causes an inflammatory reaction involving blood-derived macrophages and central nervous system (CNS)-resident microglia. Intra-vital two-photon microscopy enables the study of macrophages and microglia in the spinal cord lesion in the living animal. This can be performed in adult animals with a traumatic injury to the dorsal column. Here, we describe methods for distinguishing macrophages from microglia in the CNS using an irradiation bone marrow chimera to obtain animals in which only macrophages or microglia are labeled with a genetically encoded green fluorescent protein. We also describe a injury model that crushes the dorsal column of the spinal cord, thereby producing a simple, easily accessible, rectangular lesion that is easily visualized in an animal through a laminectomy. Furthermore, we will outline procedures to sequentially image the animals at the anatomical site of injury for the study of cellular interactions during the first few days to weeks after injury.
Cellular Biology, Issue 93, Intravital, spinal cord crush injury, chimera, microglia, macrophages, dorsal column crush, axonal dieback
A Simple Critical-sized Femoral Defect Model in Mice
Institutions: Texas A&M Health Science Center, University of Texas Medical Branch, Texas A&M Health Science Center.
While bone has a remarkable capacity for regeneration, serious bone trauma often results in damage that does not properly heal. In fact, one tenth of all limb bone fractures fail to heal completely due to the extent of the trauma, disease, or age of the patient. Our ability to improve bone regenerative strategies is critically dependent on the ability to mimic serious bone trauma in test animals, but the generation and stabilization of large bone lesions is technically challenging. In most cases, serious long bone trauma is mimicked experimentally by establishing a defect that will not naturally heal. This is achieved by complete removal of a bone segment that is larger than 1.5 times the diameter of the bone cross-section. The bone is then stabilized with a metal implant to maintain proper orientation of the fracture edges and allow for mobility.
Due to their small size and the fragility of their long bones, establishment of such lesions in mice are beyond the capabilities of most research groups. As such, long bone defect models are confined to rats and larger animals. Nevertheless, mice afford significant research advantages in that they can be genetically modified and bred as immune-compromised strains that do not reject human cells and tissue.
Herein, we demonstrate a technique that facilitates the generation of a segmental defect in mouse femora using standard laboratory and veterinary equipment. With practice, fabrication of the fixation device and surgical implantation is feasible for the majority of trained veterinarians and animal research personnel. Using example data, we also provide methodologies for the quantitative analysis of bone healing for the model.
Medicine, Issue 97, Bone injury model, critical sized defect, mice, femur, tissue engineering, comparative medicine, medullary pin.
Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell – Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone
Institutions: German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, German Rheumatism Research Center, a Leibniz Institute, Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Wimasis GmbH, Charité - University of Medicine.
Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. However, the analysis and quantification of cellular localization is difficult, as in many cases it relies on manual counting, thus bearing the risk of introducing a rater-dependent bias and reducing interrater reliability. Moreover, it is often difficult to judge whether the co-localization between two cells results from random positioning, especially when cell types differ strongly in the frequency of their occurrence. Here, a method for unbiased quantification of cellular co-localization in the bone marrow is introduced. The protocol describes the sample preparation used to obtain histological sections of whole murine long bones including the bone marrow, as well as the staining protocol and the acquisition of high-resolution images. An analysis workflow spanning from the recognition of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell types in 2-dimensional (2D) bone marrow images to the quantification of the direct contacts between those cells is presented. This also includes a neighborhood analysis, to obtain information about the cellular microenvironment surrounding a certain cell type. In order to evaluate whether co-localization of two cell types is the mere result of random cell positioning or reflects preferential associations between the cells, a simulation tool which is suitable for testing this hypothesis in the case of hematopoietic as well as stromal cells, is used. This approach is not limited to the bone marrow, and can be extended to other tissues to permit reproducible, quantitative analysis of histological data.
Developmental Biology, Issue 98, Image analysis, neighborhood analysis, bone marrow, stromal cells, bone marrow niches, simulation, bone cryosectioning, bone histology
Forward Genetics Screens Using Macrophages to Identify Toxoplasma gondii Genes Important for Resistance to IFN-γ-Dependent Cell Autonomous Immunity
Institutions: New York Medical College.
the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular protozoan pathogen. The parasite invades and replicates within virtually any warm blooded vertebrate cell type. During parasite invasion of a host cell, the parasite creates a parasitophorous vacuole (PV) that originates from the host cell membrane independent of phagocytosis within which the parasite replicates. While IFN-dependent-innate and cell mediated immunity is important for eventual control of infection, innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes and dendritic cells, can also serve as vehicles for systemic dissemination of the parasite early in infection. An approach is described that utilizes the host innate immune response, in this case macrophages, in a forward genetic screen to identify parasite mutants with a fitness defect in infected macrophages following activation but normal invasion and replication in naïve macrophages. Thus, the screen isolates parasite mutants that have a specific defect in their ability to resist the effects of macrophage activation. The paper describes two broad phenotypes of mutant parasites following activation of infected macrophages: parasite stasis versus parasite degradation, often in amorphous vacuoles. The parasite mutants are then analyzed to identify the responsible parasite genes specifically important for resistance to induced mediators of cell autonomous immunity. The paper presents a general approach for the forward genetics screen that, in theory, can be modified to target parasite genes important for resistance to specific antimicrobial mediators. It also describes an approach to evaluate the specific macrophage antimicrobial mediators to which the parasite mutant is susceptible. Activation of infected macrophages can also promote parasite differentiation from the tachyzoite to bradyzoite stage that maintains chronic infection. Therefore, methodology is presented to evaluate the importance of the identified parasite gene to establishment of chronic infection.
Immunology, Issue 97, Toxoplasma, macrophages, innate immunity, intracellular pathogen, immune evasion, infectious disease, forward genetics, parasite
Analyzing the Functions of Mast Cells In Vivo Using 'Mast Cell Knock-in' Mice
Institutions: Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine.
Mast cells (MCs) are hematopoietic cells which reside in various tissues, and are especially abundant at sites exposed to the external environment, such as skin, airways and gastrointestinal tract. Best known for their detrimental role in IgE-dependent allergic reactions, MCs have also emerged as important players in host defense against venom and invading bacteria and parasites. MC phenotype and function can be influenced by microenvironmental factors that may differ according to anatomic location and/or based on the type or stage of development of immune responses. For this reason, we and others have favored in vivo
approaches over in vitro
methods to gain insight into MC functions. Here, we describe methods for the generation of mouse bone marrow-derived cultured MCs (BMCMCs), their adoptive transfer into genetically MC-deficient mice, and the analysis of the numbers and distribution of adoptively transferred MCs at different anatomical sites. This method, named the ‘mast cell knock-in’
approach, has been extensively used over the past 30 years to assess the functions of MCs and MC-derived products in vivo
. We discuss the advantages and limitations of this method, in light of alternative approaches that have been developed in recent years.
Immunology, Issue 99, c-kit, stem cell factor, FcεRI, immunoglobulin E, mouse model, adoptive transfer, immunology, allergy
A Mouse Model for Pathogen-induced Chronic Inflammation at Local and Systemic Sites
Institutions: Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine.
Chronic inflammation is a major driver of pathological tissue damage and a unifying characteristic of many chronic diseases in humans including neoplastic, autoimmune, and chronic inflammatory diseases. Emerging evidence implicates pathogen-induced chronic inflammation in the development and progression of chronic diseases with a wide variety of clinical manifestations. Due to the complex and multifactorial etiology of chronic disease, designing experiments for proof of causality and the establishment of mechanistic links is nearly impossible in humans. An advantage of using animal models is that both genetic and environmental factors that may influence the course of a particular disease can be controlled. Thus, designing relevant animal models of infection represents a key step in identifying host and pathogen specific mechanisms that contribute to chronic inflammation.
Here we describe a mouse model of pathogen-induced chronic inflammation at local and systemic sites following infection with the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis
, a bacterium closely associated with human periodontal disease. Oral infection of specific-pathogen free mice induces a local inflammatory response resulting in destruction of tooth supporting alveolar bone, a hallmark of periodontal disease. In an established mouse model of atherosclerosis, infection with P. gingivalis
accelerates inflammatory plaque deposition within the aortic sinus and innominate artery, accompanied by activation of the vascular endothelium, an increased immune cell infiltrate, and elevated expression of inflammatory mediators within lesions. We detail methodologies for the assessment of inflammation at local and systemic sites. The use of transgenic mice and defined bacterial mutants makes this model particularly suitable for identifying both host and microbial factors involved in the initiation, progression, and outcome of disease. Additionally, the model can be used to screen for novel therapeutic strategies, including vaccination and pharmacological intervention.
Immunology, Issue 90,
Pathogen-Induced Chronic Inflammation; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Oral Bone Loss; Periodontal Disease; Atherosclerosis; Chronic Inflammation; Host-Pathogen Interaction; microCT; MRI
Assessing the Development of Murine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Peyer's Patches Using Adoptive Transfer of Hematopoietic Progenitors
Institutions: The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences.
This protocol details a method to analyze the ability of purified hematopoietic progenitors to generate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) in intestinal Peyer's patch (PP). Common dendritic cell progenitors (CDPs, lin-
) were purified from the bone marrow of C57BL6 mice by FACS and transferred to recipient mice that lack a significant pDC population in PP; in this case, Ifnar-/-
mice were used as the transfer recipients. In some mice, overexpression of the dendritic cell growth factor Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) was enforced prior to adoptive transfer of CDPs, using hydrodynamic gene transfer (HGT) of Flt3L-encoding plasmid. Flt3L overexpression expands DC populations originating from transferred (or endogenous) hematopoietic progenitors. At 7-10 days after progenitor transfer, pDCs that arise from the adoptively transferred progenitors were distinguished from recipient cells on the basis of CD45 marker expression, with pDCs from transferred CDPs being CD45.1+
and recipients being CD45.2+
. The ability of transferred CDPs to contribute to the pDC population in PP and to respond to Flt3L was evaluated by flow cytometry of PP single cell suspensions from recipient mice. This method may be used to test whether other progenitor populations are capable of generating PP pDCs. In addition, this approach could be used to examine the role of factors that are predicted to affect pDC development in PP, by transferring progenitor subsets with an appropriate knockdown, knockout or overexpression of the putative developmental factor and/or by manipulating circulating cytokines via HGT. This method may also allow analysis of how PP pDCs affect the frequency or function of other immune subsets in PPs. A unique feature of this method is the use of Ifnar-/-
mice, which show severely depleted PP pDCs relative to wild type animals, thus allowing reconstitution of PP pDCs in the absence of confounding effects from lethal irradiation.
Immunology, Issue 85, hematopoiesis, dendritic cells, Peyer's patch, cytokines, adoptive transfer
Identifying DNA Mutations in Purified Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells
Institutions: UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio, UT Health Science Center at San Antonio.
In recent years, it has become apparent that genomic instability is tightly related to many developmental disorders, cancers, and aging. Given that stem cells are responsible for ensuring tissue homeostasis and repair throughout life, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the stem cell population is critical for preserving genomic integrity of tissues. Therefore, significant interest has arisen in assessing the impact of endogenous and environmental factors on genomic integrity in stem cells and their progeny, aiming to understand the etiology of stem-cell based diseases.
transgenic mice carry a recoverable λ phage vector encoding the LacI
reporter system, in which the LacI
gene serves as the mutation reporter. The result of a mutated LacI
gene is the production of β-galactosidase that cleaves a chromogenic substrate, turning it blue. The LacI
reporter system is carried in all cells, including stem/progenitor cells and can easily be recovered and used to subsequently infect E. coli
. After incubating infected E. coli
on agarose that contains the correct substrate, plaques can be scored; blue plaques indicate a mutant LacI
gene, while clear plaques harbor wild-type. The frequency of blue (among clear) plaques indicates the mutant frequency in the original cell population the DNA was extracted from. Sequencing the mutant LacI
gene will show the location of the mutations in the gene and the type of mutation.
transgenic mouse model is well-established as an in vivo
mutagenesis assay. Moreover, the mice and the reagents for the assay are commercially available. Here we describe in detail how this model can be adapted to measure the frequency of spontaneously occurring DNA mutants in stem cell-enriched Lin-
(LSK) cells and other subpopulations of the hematopoietic system.
Infection, Issue 84, In vivo mutagenesis, hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, LacI mouse model, DNA mutations, E. coli
Generation of Bone Marrow Derived Murine Dendritic Cells for Use in 2-photon Imaging
Institutions: University of California, Irvine (UCI), University of California, Irvine (UCI).
Several methods for the preparation of murine dendritic cells can be found in the literature. Here, we present a method that produces greater than 85% CD11c high dendritic cells in culture that home to the draining lymph node after subcutaneous injection and present antigen to antigen specific T cells (see video). Additionally, we use Essen Instruments Incucyte to track dendritic cell maturation, where, at day 10, the morphology of the cultured cells is typical of a mature dendritic cell and <85% of cells are CD11chigh. The study of antigen presentation in peripheral lymph nodes by 2-photon imaging revealed that there are three distinct phases of dendritic cell and T cell interaction1, 2
. Phase I consists of brief serial contacts between highly motile antigen specific T cells and antigen carrying dendritic cells1, 2
. Phase two is marked by prolonged contacts between antigen-specific T cell and antigen bearing dendritic cells1, 2
. Finally, phase III is characterized by T cells detaching from dendritic cells, regaining motility and beginning to divide1, 2
. This is one example of the type of antigen-specific interactions that can be analyzed by two-photon imaging of antigen-loaded cell tracker dye-labeled dendritic cells.
Immunology, Issue 17, dendritic cells, mouse, bone marrow, 2-photon imaging, cell culture
The Preparation of Primary Hematopoietic Cell Cultures From Murine Bone Marrow for Electroporation
Institutions: Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
It is becoming increasingly apparent that electroporation is the most effective way to introduce plasmid DNA or siRNA into primary cells. The Gene Pulser MXcell electroporation system and Gene Pulser electroporation buffer were specifically developed to transfect nucleic acids into mammalian cells and difficult-to-transfect cells, such as primary and stem cells.This video demonstrates how to establish primary hematopoietic cell cultures from murine bone marrow, and then prepare them for electroporation in the MXcell system. We begin by isolating femur and tibia. Bone marrow from both femur and tibia are then harvested and cultures are established. Cultured bone marrow cells are then transfected and analyzed.
Immunology, Issue 23, Primary Hematopoietic Cell Culture, Bone Marrow, Transfection, Electroporation, BioRad, IL-3
Peptides from Phage Display Library Modulate Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Cells and Potentiate Osteogenesis in Unicortical Bone Defects
Institutions: University of Virginia, University of Delaware, University of
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https://patents.google.com/patent/US4600069A/Aim: To investigate the acute health effects of winter outdoor air pollution (nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), sulphur dioxide (SO2), sulphate (SO42-) ,and particles (PM10)) on schoolchildren in an area of southern England where levels of SO2 had been reported to be high.
Methods: A total of 179 children, aged 7–13, from three schools (two urban and one rural location), were included. Peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) and presence or absence of upper respiratory infections were recorded on 63 school days from 1 November 1996 to 14 February 1997. Air pollution and meteorological data were taken from monitors at each school site. The analysis regressed daily PEFR on pollutant level adjusting for confounders and serial correlation and calculated a weighted pooled estimate of effect overall for each pollutant. In addition, large decrements in PEFR were analysed as a binary outcome. Same day, lag 1, lag 2, and a five day average of pollutant levels were used.
Results: There were no clear effects of any pollutant on mean PEFR. In addition, we analysed large PEFR decrements (a binary outcome), observing consistent negative associations with NO2, SO42-, and PM10, although few lag/pollutant combinations were significant: odds ratios (95% CI) for five day average effect: NO2 24 h average 1.043 (1.000 to 1.089), SO42- 1.090 (0.898 to 1.322), PM10 1.037 (0.992 to 1.084). The observed effects of PM10 (only) were stronger in wheezy children (1.114 (1.057 to 1.174)). There were no consistent negative associations between large decrements and ozone or SO2 .
Conclusions: There is no strong evidence for acute effects of winter outdoor air pollution on mean PEFR overall in this area, but there is evidence for negative effects on large PEFR decrements.Karamehmet'in petrolde yeni ortağı 'paralı asker'
Kurucusu İngiliz paralı asker olan petrol şirketi Heritage Oil, Çukurova'nın Kuzey Irak'ta faaliyet gösteren Genel Enerji'yi satın alıp, ortaklık kuracak
İngiltere merkezli doğalgaz ve petrol arama şirketi Heritage Oil, Çukurova Grubu'nun- Kuzey Irak'ta faaliyet gösteren Genel Enerji'yi satın alarak birleşeceğini açıkladı. Bağlayıcı olmayan bir anlaşma imzaladığını duyuran şirket, birleşmeyle Kuzey Irak'taki faaliyetlere odaklanacak 5.5 milyar dolar değerinde yeni bir şirketin oluşacağını bildirdi. Açıklamaya göre, Heritage Oil, ödemeyi hisseyle yapacak ve Genel Enerji şirketinin ortakları yeni grubun yüzde 50'sine sahip olacak.
DEĞERİ 5.5 MİLYAR $
Heritage Oil'in CEO'su Paul Atherton, Genel Enerji varlıklarının toplam değerinin 3.3 ile 3.6 milyar dolar, Heritage'ın piyasa değerinin de 2.4 milyar dolar olduğunu söyledi. Londra borsasında hisseleri işlem gören Heritage'ın Uganda ve Kuzey Irak'ta petrol sahalarında hisseleri bulunuyor. Genel Enerji ise, aynı bölgede Miran'ın yanı sıra, Tak Tak ve Takve petrol bloklarında ruhsat sahibi. Heritage Oil'in internet sitesinde yer alan yönetim kurulu üyeleri oldukça ilginç isimlerden oluşuyor. Şirketin kurucusu olan ve CEO'su olarak görev yapan Tony Buckingham, Afrika'daki maden yataklarının 'yabancıların eline geçmesini önlemek için' hizmet veren paralı askerlerden kurulu " Executive Outcomes" şirketinin eski üst düzey yöneticisi.
ÖZEL HARPÇİ SİR
Buckingham, Irak'ın işgali sonrasında güvenliği sağlamak için kurulan Sandline şirketinde de görev yaptı. Askeri nitelikli birlikleri kiralayan şirketlerle çalışan eski bir paralı asker olan Buckingham, Heritage'ın üçte birine sahip. Yönetim kurulundaki bir diğer özel harpçi subay İngiliz özel kuvvetlerinden emekli Sir Michael Wilkes. 1995 yılında İngiliz özel kuvvetler komutanlığından general rütbesiyle emekli olan Wilkes, Kraliyet onur madalyası ile ödüllendirildi.
MEHMET SEPİL YENİ ŞİRKETİN CEO'SU OLACAK
GENEL Enerji ve Heritage'ın vardıkları anlaşmaya göre Buckingham, HeritaGE Oil Plc'nin icracı başkanı olacak. Halen Genel Enerji'nin icracı yöneticisi olan Mehmet Sepil de, yeni grubun CEO'su, halen Çukurova Holding Başkanı olan Mehmet Emin Karamehmet ise icracı yöneticisi olacak. Atherton yeni şirketin CFO'su olarak görevini sürdürecek. Genel Enerji'nin yüzde 56'sı Çukurova'ya, kalanın büyük kısmı Sepil'e ait.Hande Yener kimdir
Hande Yener, söz yazarı ve besteci kimliğiyle Türk pop müziğinin son yıllarda yetiştirdiği en büyük isimlerden biridir.
Asıl adı Makbule Hande Özyener olan Hande Yener, 12 Ocak 1973 yılında doğdu.
Liseyi İstanbul'da bitiren Yener, okulun bitmesinin ardından evlendi ve Çağın adında da bir oğlu oldu. 1994 yılında eşinden boşanan Hande Yener'in hayatı, evliyken bir satış...
Biyografinin devamı için tıklayınRestorative Reproductive Medicine
Restorative reproductive medicine (RRM) represents a renewed approach to women’s health disorders that is healing in character and diagnostic in methodology. It is an application of the best in medical and surgical care toward identifying the underlying medical disorder and righting that problem so that the symptoms resolve and the woman's reproductive system functions normally.
When applied to infertility, RRM enables the physician to identify the underlying cause or causes of the couple’s infertility in 99% of the cases. This approach is able to help the couples achieve a pregnancy in greater than 50% of cases, sometimes as high as 80% for certain causes. Contrasted with artificial reproductive technologies such as intrauterine insemination, in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm infiltration (ICSI), RRM techniques are more effective and associated with much fewer:
- Premature births
- Birth defects
- Maternal complications
- Twin and multiple pregnancies
- Pregnancy complications
Moreover, patients feel better and are healthier into the future. After achieving their first pregnancy, many, if not most, of these women are able to achieve second and third pregnancies with little or no intervention, because the underlying problem has been identified and rectified.
Commonly found causes of infertility are:
Ovarian dysfunction: This means that the ovaries are producing lower amounts of their hormones and ineffective eggs.
Endometriosis: Cells from the lining of the womb are now mistakenly occurring in the pelvis outside of the womb, causing the immune system to attack these cells and those inside the womb. This can cause pain, scarring and difficulty achieving a pregnancy.
Polycystic ovarian disease: Numerous small cysts are present on the ovary, which impair its function and cause too many testosterone-like hormones to be produced.
Low sperm production: This is now fairly easily countered by helping the woman’s body to function at peak performance and by nutritional, medicinal and lifestyle changes for her husband. We are still less likely to be successful, however, if the sperm count is zero, but this is a rare occurrence.
Damaged fallopian tubes: This may be the result of previous infection or of endometriosis. Several new studies reveal that this is much more successfully treated by RRM than IVF, and it is much less expensive and safer for the baby to do so.
There are several other causes not mentioned here, and there is commonly more than one cause within a specific couple.
Those couples whom we cannot help to achieve a pregnancy are often grateful to know the underlying cause; we can often help the woman to feel better and be healthier into the future, and we can guide the couple to adoption services.
RRM is about more than just infertility! We very successfully treat premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and post-partum depression. These are likely the result of inadequate production of progesterone or may result from progesterone withdrawal. Restoring normal amounts of progesterone production from the ovary and addressing underlying causes of fatigue and low endorphin production will rectify these debilitating conditions in more than 94% of these women.
We do this while listening carefully to the woman and the couple and while respecting the sanctity of marriage, respecting their future fertility and helping to restore health. Regarding infertility, we are helping couples to achieve pregnancy through their loving embrace.
NaProTECHNOLOGY™, developed by Dr. Thomas Hilgers 30 years ago, is the first comprehensive model of RRM, and Dr. Carpentier was one of the first physicians whom Dr. Hilgers trained. Dr. Hilgers now trains about 40 physicians per year and is traveling abroad to train physicians in Poland, Mexico and elsewhere. The International Institute for Restorative Reproductive Medicine is striving to add to and complement his work. Dr. Carpentier is one of the directors of this institution.
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Il senatore ha approvazioni da qualsiasi altro repubblicano del Texas, questo è costituito dal signor Greg Abbott, Numerous Gov. 'Non dovrebbe amare gli altri uomini per vedere le loro mogli, signore. Gebriel, che è amministratore delegato di un business di Riyad diventando consulente, non è un tale uomo.
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Il fogeys terrà un'altra riunione il 2 febbraio con la direzione scolastica e il dipartimento di istruzione statale per risolvere il problema. La scuola non ha risposto, nonostante diversi tentativi di contattare i funzionari. Un'altra promettente promessa della campagna che il Messico pagherà per il muro richiede più che un semplice colpo di una penna, ma il Messico si trova già in un futuro improbabile per quanto riguarda le relazioni commerciali statunitensi. Facilita dall'accordo di libero scambio 1994 (NAFTA), l'80 per cento delle esportazioni del Messico provoca un forte mercato americano.
All'interno del delirio di ottobre, gli equipaggi della città hanno raschiato il fango dalla strada e hanno creato una diga di terra attraverso l'area di scorrimento. Questa settimana forti piogge ha causato quel lavoro a fallire e la strada è stata nuovamente riempita di fango di sabbia. Pryor insieme, Browns starter Cody Kessler è ancora un rookie qb giocando sulla strada, E ora c'è un nastro di gioco che houston può Uso per studiare il ragazzo. I Brown sono disposti a cercare di alimentare il Corvo (Isaiah Crowell) contro un fronte di Washington di sette che hanno lottato la corsa reale.
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波士顿淋巴中心是澳门捕鱼游戏平台的淋巴中心和波士顿儿童医院的联合项目, 哈佛医学院的附属教学机构. 而每家医院都有治疗淋巴疾病的悠久历史, in 2020, 这两个项目正式加入，并被国务院命名为综合卓越中心 淋巴教育与研究网络.
自2016年以来，澳门捕鱼游戏已经评估了1000多名新发淋巴疾病患者. 它提供完整的护理来评估和治疗成年患者, 包括淋巴医学专科诊所, 淋巴手术, 和淋巴治疗. 我们的诊断和介入放射学和核医学部门为淋巴疾病提供专门的成像和图像引导干预. 我们在支持性的环境中提供协调的护理. 不管你是病人, 专职医护人员, 或医生, 请不要犹豫，通过我们的免费电话澳门捕鱼游戏平台 1 - 833 - 4 - ur lymf.GLUCOSE is the energy that fuels cells, and the body likes to store glucose for later use. But too much glucose can contribute to obesity, and scientists have long wanted to understand what happens within a cell to tip the balance.
To solve this riddle, researchers at UT Southwestern’s Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences examined specialized compartments inside the cell to reveal the role of a molecule termed NAD+ in turning on genes that make fat cells.
What is NAD+?
NAD+ stands for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. It’s a molecule found inside cells in the body that helps transfer energy between molecules.
Why is it important?
NAD+ is believed to play important roles in longevity, aging, and diseases ranging from neurodegenerative disorders to cancer.
UT Southwestern biologists examined individual compartments inside cells that house NAD+ molecules to determine how they control genes that are essential to the fat-storing process – knowledge that could help in a wide range of ailments, including metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, inflammation and aging, and cancer.
“This compartmentalisation ends up having profound effects on gene expression in the nucleus, as well as metabolism in the cytoplasm,” (the jellylike substance outside the cell’s nucleus), said Dr W. Lee Kraus, Director of the Green Center and senior author on the research. “We found that these processes play key roles in fat cell differentiation and in cancer cells.”
“The previous thinking in the field was that NAD+ was evenly distributed throughout cells and moved freely between different subcellular compartments,” said Dr Kraus, who is also professor of obstetrics and gynecology and pharmacology. “We showed that NAD+ is actually compartmentalised – there are separate nuclear and cytoplasmic pools of NAD+ whose levels change under certain cellular conditions.”
The research team’s breakthrough is reported in the journal Science.
Accounting for the levels of NAD+ biosynthesis separately rather than in their totality helped increase the understanding of the biology involved, said first author Dr. Keun Ryu, a postdoctoral researcher in Obstetrics and Gynecology. “Our study provides a new understanding of NAD+ biology,” he said.Ecco 5 modi per aiutare Aleteia
Grazie!
Il team di Aleteia
Secondo la tradizione, il discepolo di San Giovanni Apostolo ricevette una lettera dalla Beata Madre
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Ha 33 anni e lotta da due anni contro un tumore raro. Ha scritto un libro per sua figlia e 19 lettere di compleanno. "Quello che più mi mancherà è la mia bambina, Giulia Grace"
Il santo racconta come ha ricevuto le prime piaghe. La strana visione dell'Arcangelo
La corrispondenza segreta tra i due sacerdoti: il sacerdote poeta invitava a non scoraggiarsi al vescovo di Molfetta, censurato per le sue posizioni dure contro la Guerra del Golfo
In un libro scanzonato Giuseppe Signorin dichiara il suo amore per la moglie cercando di farla morire dal ridereYou may have seen the acronym "EOL," but what does it stand for and what could it mean for your websites and servers? EOL stands for "end-of-life," and is generally used to describe hardware or software that is so old it's no longer supported by the organization that created it originally.
You've probably experienced end-of-life on your personal computer. Have you ever tried to install software but realized your computer's system was too old to support the program? This lack of compatibility with new systems is a major consequence of EOL products.
Just like your personal computer or software can go EOL, your server hardware and software can go EOL, too. This can negatively affect your websites since EOL software is prone to bugs and security issues.
Consequences of Server Software Going EOL
If your server software is out of date, it can dramatically affect your websites and business.
Chances of Website Compromise
If your website is on a server with an old operating system, the chance that your server will be compromised dramatically increases. Old operating systems don't receive security patches. This means as new vulnerabilities are discovered, your
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Oyunlar ve oyuncaklarda çocuklara getirdikleri mutluluktan çok daha fazlası var. Çocuklar oynarken öğrenirler ve bunlar onların kim olduklarını ve çevrelerindeki dünyayı keşfetmelerine olanak tanıyan araçlar olabilir.
Oyunlar, çocukların akranlarıyla etkileşime girmesine, bir takımda nasıl çalışacaklarını ve nasıl paylaşacaklarını öğrenmelerine olanak tanır. İşbirliği, saygı ve sabır gibi önemli dersler,oyun oynayarak öğrendim.
Bu, ergenlik öncesi çocuğunuzun arkadaşlarınızla veya ailenizle tadını çıkarabileceği zorlu ama teşvik edici bir strateji oyunudur. Aynı zamanda, birden fazla oyuncu içerdiği ve her birinin kendi bölgesini koruması gerektiği için rekabetçidir.
Oyuncular, rakipleri stratejik olarak engellemek zorundadır. 21 parçanın tümü tahtaya yerleştirilmelidir. En az parça kalan oyuncu oyunu kazanır.
Bu harika bir tahta oyunu. Bir kart seçmeyi, yüksek sesle okumayı ve ardından arkadaşlarınızın aklına gelebilecek iki cevabı yazmayı içerir. Bu yaştaki kızlar, cevaplarını eşleştirmeye çalışırken arkadaşlarıyla kolayca eğlenebilirler.
Kutu 400 kategori kartı, puan tablosu, talimat kartı ve 15 saniyelik bir zamanlayıcı ile birlikte gelir. Hep birlikte eğlenebileceğiniz çok nesilli bir oyundur.
Bu, dikkat çekmekten başka bir şey olmayan eğlenceli bir aile kart oyunudur. Öğrenmesi kolaydır ve 455 premium kart içerir. Oyuncular, başlarını belaya sokmadan istedikleri kadar yaramaz olabilirler.
Bu onun arkadaşlarıyla keyifli vakit geçirmesi için oynayabileceği iyi bir oyun olabilir. Bazı tuhaf mizahlarla yaratıcılıklarını ve hayal güçlerini genişletecekler. Partilere, kamplara veya yol gezilerine götürmek için yeterince kompakttır.
Anıları hatırlamak ve gülümsemek insan doğasıdır. Genç hanımınıza, yüzünü güldürecek bir şeyler saklama şansı vermeye ne dersiniz?
Kit, ilgi alanlarını, en sevdiği oyunları ve en iyi arkadaşıyla yaptığı çılgın şeyleri kaydetmek için kullanacağı bir alan rehberi içerir. Onu tüm çikolatalarınızı yerken yakaladığınız günü bile kaydedebilir veyaf'nizi kullanmakilevorit ruj.
Aynı zamanda bu değerli anıları yakalamanıza yardımcı olacak birden fazla aksesuarla birlikte gelir. Arkadaşlarıyla oynadığı oyunlar veya babasının ona doğum gününde aldığı hediye hakkında yazabilir. Aldığımız bu günlük şeylerden bazıları en iyi anıları oluşturur.
Açık Hava ve AktivitelerAçık hava etkinlikleri etkileşimlidir, eğlencelidir ve hepsinden iyisi, çocukların aktif ve fiziksel olarak formda kalmasına yardımcı olur. Çok fazla ekran süresiyle gelen her türlü tehlike var ve kimse kanepede patates olmak istemiyor. Onun dışarıda olmayı istemesini sağlayacak doğru hediyelerimiz var.
Açık hava eğlencesi, sevimli ama işlevsel bir su şişesi olmadan tamamlanmış sayılmaz. Hidro şişeler, olağanüstü yüksek kaliteleriyle bilinir. Ayrıca dış mekan için tasarlanmışlardır ve sıcak ve soğuk içecekleri en az 12 saat aynı sıcaklıkta tutarlar.
Paslanmaz çelik şişelerin çeşitli parlak renklerde olmasını seviyoruz. Şişeler ayrıca kavramalarını kolaylaştıran bir dış kaplamaya sahiptir. Ve bu 32 oz seçeneği ne kadar mükemmel boyutta? Herhangi bir sırt çantasına sığacak.
12 yaşında, çoğu kızın kamp yapmak, yürüyüş yapmak, festivaller veya sahile gitmek gibi grup etkinliklerini sevdiğini göreceksiniz. Bu çarpıcı menekşe/turkuaz paraşüt hamak sadece hafif değil, aynı zamanda yanınızda taşıyabilecek kadar taşınabilir. Diğer renk seçenekleri mevcuttur.
Serinlemek için rahat, dayanıklı bir naylon kumaştan yapılmıştır. Dinlenmek ve müzik dinlemek ya da kitap okumak istediğinde arka bahçede de kullanabilir. Kurulum için her şey dahildir.
Slacklining ile gelen eğlence yadsınamaz. Çocuklar bununla çok rekabetçi olabilir ve muhtemelen 12 yaşındaki çocuğunuz buna bayılacaktır. Gücünü ve çevikliğini artıracak heyecan verici bir arka bahçe oyunu.
Ayrıca duruşunu, koordinasyonunu ve dengesini iyileştirmeye yardımcı olacak. Kurulumu kolaydır ve görsel bir talimat kitapçığı ile birlikte gelir. Bu, kimin en uzağa yürüyebileceğini veya en uzun dengeyi sağlayabileceğinin rekabete dayalı bir oyunudur.
Ana hat, eğitim hattı, mandallar, ağaç koruyucular ve bir taşıma çantası içerir. Yürüme hattı 57 fit uzunluğunda ve güvenli bir şekilde 300 pound taşıyor.
Bazı günler sadece havuzda dinlenmek ve serinlemek istersiniz. Çocuklar da bunu yapmak istiyor, bu da bunu iyi bir hediye yapıyor. O tembel yaz günlerini geçirmek için güzel bir şeye sahip olacak.
Bu dev tek boynuzlu at şamandırası onu arkadaşlarının imrendirecek. Şişirmek, söndürmek kolaydır ve birinci sınıf malzemeden yapılmıştır.
Geleneksel oyunlar asla eskimez ve yüzük atma da bu oyunlardan biridir. Bu kit sekiz halat halkası, sekiz plastik halka, sağlam bir ahşap taban ve bir taşıma çantası ile birlikte gelir. Taban, nokta işaretleri için vidalı mandallara sahiptir.
Bu, çocukların zihinsel ve fiziksel enerjisini kanalize eden eğlenceli bir oyundur. Konsantrasyonu geliştirmeye yardımcı olur ve başladıkları işi bitirmenin önemini öğretir. Kız arkadaşınız takım ruhunu öğrendikçe sosyal olarak daha becerikli hale gelebilir.
Prenses Merida'yı izledikten sonra kızınızın doğum günü için isteyebileceği tek şey bir yay. 12 yaşındaki günün hayalini kurduğun mükemmel okçuluk atışları yapıyorsa, bu uygun bir hediye olabilir.
Yay oldukça büyüktür, bu yüzden çok hızlı büyüme konusunda endişelenmeyin ve iki Nerf oku ile birlikte gelir. Oklar, deneyimi daha da akıllara durgunluk veren bir ıslık sesi çıkarır.
Kayak, kızınızın annesi veya babasıyla gerçekten keyif alabileceği harika bir açık hava etkinliğidir. Bu şişme kano, konfor için tasarlanmış ergonomik bir kokpite ve ilave denge için I-profil zeminlere sahiptir.
Ön taraftaki kargo ağı, fazladan teçhizatı saklamak için harikadır ve tutma halatları güvenlik sağlar. Alüminyum kürek, onarım yaması ve manuel el pompası ile birlikte gelir.
Atlama, formda kalmanın ve dışarıda biraz zaman geçirmenin iyi bir yoludur. Bu, parlak pembe ve yeşil renklere sahip ikiz bir paket olarak gelir. Bu halatlar 9 feet'e kadar ayarlanabilir, bu da onları birden fazla yükseklik için uygun hale getirir.
Hafif köpük kulplar, onları rahat ve kavrayıcı hale getirir. Bu seçenekle oyun alanındaki bazı güzel anıları hatırlayabilirsin, o yüzden, hazır oradayken biraz egzersiz yapmak için ona katıl anne.
Diğer Her Şeyin En İyisiBu kategoride, yukarıdaki kategorilerde evi olmayan tüm hediyeleri listeledik. Bu yaştaki kızlar gençlik yıllarına giriyorlar, bu yüzden her şeyden birazcık takdir edilebilir.
İnsanlar yüzen bir şehirde yaşasaydı ne olurdu? Brokolinin tadı çikolata gibi olsaydı ne olurdu? Bunlar, bu kitabı okuduğunuzda cevabını alacağınız sorulardan bazıları.
12 yaşındaki çocuğunuzun size sorabileceği tüm tuhaf varsayımsal soruları kapsar. Tabii ki, ne cevap vereceğini asla bilemezsin, öyleyse neden ona öyle bir kitap vermiyorsun? Merak ve eleştirel düşünme becerilerini geliştirecek ve kenar çubukları, eklenen bilgilerle araştırmalarını daha da derinleştirecektir.
Yol gezileri veya arkadaşlarıyla yaptığı geziler sırasında 12 yaşındaki kızınızın kişisel eşyalarını taşıması gerekecektir. Bu onun için mükemmel bir sırt çantası olabilir. Hafif, seyahat veya günlük kullanım için uygun bir mini tatil çantası.
Güvenliği sağlamak için suya dayanıklı polyester ile iyi bir şekilde tasarlanmıştır ve kapatma için büzme iplerine sahiptir. Ayrıca bir iç cebi ve bir arka yan fermuarlı cebi vardır. Aralarından seçim yapabileceğiniz çeşitli moda desenleri ve renkleri de elde edersiniz.
12 yaşındaki çocuğunuzun işi bittiğinde okumanızı isteyeceği kadar iyi bir kitap? Bu kitapla evimde olan da buydu.
Hafif korkutucu paranormal kitaplar şu anda ortaokul kızları arasında büyük bir trend ve Katherine Arden'ın bu kitabı harika. Okumayı seven ama kitap kurdu olmayan kızım bu kitabı elinden bırakamadı.
Daha korkunç bir paranormal okuma için Jonathan Auxier'in bu kitabını deneyin. Bir aile için çalışmaya başlayan ve kısa sürede istihdam durumlarının hayatlarını tehlikeye attığını fark eden bir erkek ve kız kardeşin ürkütücü hikayesini anlatıyor.
Güzel yazılmış, karakterler arasındaki ilişkiler, kızınızın bu kitabın sonucuna yatırım yapmasını sağlayacaktır. Yeniden okumak ve belki bir gün kendi çocuklarına vermek isteyeceği bir klasik olacak. Bu yüzden ciltli kitabı tavsiye ediyoruz.
Bulmacalar her zaman çok eğlencelidir ve çözmesi fazlasıyla tatmin edicidir. Bu National Geographic Taj Mahal kiti, Tac Mahal binasını oluşturmak için eklenmiş 87 parçaya sahiptir.
Kit, en ünlü yerlerden birini tamamlamak için mantıklı düşünmeyi, uygulamalı yeteneği ve sabrı teşvik eder. Tac Mahal hakkında tarihi bilgileri içeren bir National Geographic kitapçığı ile birlikte gelir. Alet, makas veya yapıştırıcı gerekmez.
Yumuşak ve peluş olan bu şezlong örtüsü, şekerleme zamanları, TV izleme, pijama partileri veya okuma için davet ediyor. Yastık kılıfları çeşitli parlak renklerde gelir ve bakımı kolaydır.
Sadece kılıfı alıyorsun ve doldurmak için kendi beş yastığını kullanıyorsun. Her yastık cebinde bir fermuar bulunur ve yapmanız gereken tek şey doldurma, fermuar ve salon. Soğuk suyla hassas bir döngüde makinede yıkanabilir.
Özellikle bu yaşta, kızlar bir roller coaster duyguları yaşarlar ve bazen bunun hakkında konuşmak kolay değildir. Tüm ifadelerini yazarak veya çizerek neden ona bir çıkış yolu vermiyorsunuz?
Bu dergi yüksek kaliteli PU deriden yapılmıştır ve günlükten fotoğraf albümüne, dergiye, deftere veya düzenleyiciye kadar istediği her şeyi yapabilir. Ayrıca yıllarca saklayabileceği kalıcı hatıraları olacak.
Selfie'ler sizi çıldırtabilir ama kızınız bu yaşta onları sevebilir. Sürekli olarak kendisinin veya arkadaş grubunun harika bir özçekimini yapmaya çalışıyorsa, bu özçekim çubuğu yararlı olabilir.
Bir tripod olarak kurulabilir veya rahat tutamak kullanılarak tutulabilir. Arka arkaya fotoğraf çekmek için selfie çubuğundaki bir uzaktan kumandayı kullanır. Hatta yabancılardan fotoğrafınızı çekmelerini istemek yerine, aile tatillerinde bundan biraz faydalanabilirsiniz.
Bu, balıklarına göz kulak olabileceği yatak odasına yerleştirebileceği mükemmel bir başlangıç seti. Tank şeffaftır ve güzel su habitatının panoramik manzarasını sunar.
Her zaman temiz tutmak için filtreli 1 galonluk bir tank. Ayrıca bir LED ışığı ve uygun bir besleme deliği içerir. Pakete balık dahil olmasa da, tropikal balıklar için sevimli küçük bir ortam.Bebeklerde Ek Gıdaya Başlama
Bebeklerde Ek Gıdaya Başlama Ve Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler
İlk 6 ay anne sütü bebekler için, tek başına yeterlidir. Fakat bebeğin doymadığı ve kilo alımının yavaşladığı durumlarda, 4. aydan itibaren ek gıdalara geçiş yapılabilir. Ek gıdalar anne sütünün yerine geçecek yiyecekler değil, onu tamamlayıcı besinlerdir. Bu nedenle de bebeğin ek gıdalara geçmesinin, anne sütünü almaması veya daha az alması anlamına gelmediği unutulmamalıdır. Bebeklerde ek besine geçiş en erken 4. ay, en geç de 6. ayda olmalıdır.
Ek Gıdalara Geçerken Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler
• Ek gıdalara tek çeşit olarak ve yavaş yavaş başlanmalıdır. Birkaç gıda aynı anda verildiğinde, bebekte herhangi bir alerjik reaksiyon olursa buna hangi gıdanın neden olduğunun tespiti zorlaşır. Bebeği bir gıdaya alıştırdıktan birkaç gün sonra, başka bir gıdaya geçin.
• İlk olarak pirinç unu muhallebisi veya elma suyu gibi, bebeğin kolay hazmedebileceği gıdalarla başlayın. İlk gün birkaç tatlı kaşığıyla başlayıp, sonraki günlerde bu miktarı arttırabilirsiniz. Böylece bebeğinizin bağırsakları ve midesi zorlanmadan, yeni gıdaya alışması sağlanır.
• Ek gıdaları verirken kaşık veya suluk kullanın, biberonla vermeyin. Eğer gıdayı biberonla verirseniz, bebek biberona alışıp anneyi emmekten vazgeçer.
• Bebeğinize ek gıdaları karnı açken verin, istemediği gıdaları yedirmek için zorlamayın. Birkaç gün sonra tekrar aynı gıdayı vermeyi deneyin. Bazen bebekler ilk seferinde istemediği bir gıdayı, başka sefer isteyebilir.
• Ek gıda verdikten sonra bebeğinizi biraz da emzirin. Bu şekilde sütünüzün azalmasını önleyebilirsiniz.
• 1 yaşından küçük bebeklere inek sütü, yumurtanın beyazı ve bal gibi alerjiye sebep olabilecek gıdaları vermeyin.
• 1 yaşından küçük bebeklere tuz, şeker ve baharatlı gıdalar da vermeyin. Özellikle tuz, böbrekleri henüz gelişmemiş olan bebeğiniz de soruna neden olabilir.
Bebeğin ek gıdalara geçmesi, anne sütünü almasına engel olmamalıdır. Bu dönemde sütünüzün azalmamasına ve bebeğinizin emmeyi bırakmamasına dikkat etmelisiniz. Anne sütü, bebeğin yeni tanıdığı gıdaların sindirimini kolaylaştırma özelliğine sahiptir. Bu sayede bebeklerin ek gıdaya geçiş sürecini kolaylaştırmaya yardımcı olur.Fabricio Toledo de Souza
In Brasile i venti della democrazia soffiano già da molto tempo, ma sembrano più forti da giugno 2013, quando un ciclo d’insurrezioni ha invaso tutto il paese. Giornate di Giugno è uno dei nomi dati a questo ciclo. In un breve lasso di tempo, un tempo immenso si è aperto.
È soprattutto a Rio de Janeiro che questo ciclo di lotte ha trovato la sua espressione più calda e continua. Nel centro della città, la moltitudine ha fatto brillare la verità sul potere: la potenza della Città è nelle mani della moltitudine. È stata questa moltitudine a mettere sotto accusa il potere per la scomparsa del povero favelado chiamato Amarildo, la carneficina dei poveri della Rocinha e del Vidigal, la gestione mafiosa del trasporto urbano, il genocidio degli indiani, l’espropriazione della gioia dal calcio; questi sono alcuni fra i vari crimini contro la collettività.
L’indignazione è giunta a un punto critico ed è esplosa, ma gli indignati erano pieni di dignità. Non la dignità astratta dei principi universali, ma la dignità materiale delle lotte. Quella che ha una sua storia, che è sempre la storia minore forgiata nelle lotte delle minoranze. Lotta materiale e concreta, con nomi, date, sangue e gioia. E per la quale passano tutte le minoranze del mondo; dall’emigrato del nord-est che diventa operaio, sindacalista e Presidente, fino alle giovani che hanno ostentato il seno e la libido (la Marcha das Vadias) fra i pellegrini cattolici ( la Xota-M-Xota durante la Giornata Mondiale della Gioventù).
È stata questa dignità che ha portato all'occupazione dell’Aldeia Maracanã, alle manifestazioni contro l’Assemblea Legislativa di Rio de Janeiro, che ha portato alle occupazione davanti alla casa del Governatore, e che – questo non sarà mai dimenticato – ha permesso la riduzione del prezzo dei trasporti pubblici. I famosi venti centesimi.
La lotta è per la liberazione, la giustizia e la democrazia, come già è stata in passato e come sempre sarà. La storia, alla fine, è sempre la storia delle lotte. Storia della potenza. E questo è quanto scritto dai giovani nelle piccole pietre tirate contro la storia del presente. Oggi si fa democrazia, si fa lottando per la circolazione libera, per il miglioramento delle condizioni dei trasporti pubblici e per mettere fine alle tariffe ingiuste. La complessità di questa lunga giornata – che non è riassumibile nel mese di giugno, che non è cominciata qui in Brasile, non è cominciata ora nel 2013 e che non sembra vi sia un tempo in cui finirà – ci invita sondare pazientemente i piccoli movimenti sotterranei, a discernere le voci fra le grida, e comprendere i piccoli sussurri. Come dice Michel Foucault, è
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It is clear that the state, of course, can establish some restrictive measures, for example, it can prohibit the circulation of narcotic substances, or limit the age of sale of alcoholic drinks or cigarettes, i.e. sometimes the number of consumers is regulated by the state. However, the lion’s share of goods is in free circulation, which means that the lack of consumers is associated with other factors, which we are now trying to find out.
It is known that the basis of any market is an idea. It is introduced into the consciousness of some people who eventually become consumers of goods or services and form a market. It is clear that the number of people in whom this idea can be implemented is of course and someday there comes such a moment that an idea has already been introduced into each person and, moreover, is embodied.
It turns out that such a moment comes when the idea is exhausting itself, and therefore the market, which is built on its basis, is exhausting itself, because everyone has already bought these goods or used these services and they no longer need them. They buy goods in such a market only if a previously purchased product fails. As a rule, for a certain period, for example, for a year, approximately the same level of demand is formed on the market, and hence the level of supply.
Thus, the company produces almost the same amount of goods from year to year and it begins to stagnate, as a result of which the business does not go. If you take by analogy, you can imagine a glass of water. Pouring more water into it than it holds does not work, it can only be done if water is drained from the glass, i.e. if you make room.
However, pouring water from a glass is not the only option. There is another option – take another glass and pour water into it. In the language of noomarketing, to take another glass – this means introducing a new idea on the market and building a new market on its basis. Such an option for business is the only acceptable one, because “pouring water” from the market is not possible, i.e. to pick up cars from consumers so that later they will not be able to offer new ones.
You can only take a new glass and start pouring water into it. As a result, after the idea is implemented in a sufficient number of consumers, a new market will be formed around it and demand will be created for goods that correspond to this idea, which means that the business will get out of stagnation and become dynamic again. But this will continue as long as the idea does not exhaust itself again, which means that again and again it will be necessary to introduce new ideas so that the business does not end up in stagnation.
In order to create new consumers, one must be able to work with ideas. In order to be able to work with ideas, you need to read marketing articles written in the language of noomarketing, because noomarketing is also a technology that is tailored for this. If there are few articles, you can get marketing advice and answers to all questions.另一种便是受封下级勋位爵士，反而显得花里胡哨好高鹜远，自然也根底无法给人留下任何与队名照应的觉得。一种是得回爵士级的骑士勋章，这是英邦骑士爵位中最低的一种。巴西举动一个民族大熔炉，
一个盾牌式图案后穿过两道雷同闪电的图案就号称“雷霆”，这种爵位的授予分两种，也便是邵逸夫被封爵的爵位，阳刚之气太甚亏折然后便是骑士爵位。更雷同美邦女篮同盟WNBA的队标，成为“受勋骑士团” 成员；不光没有任何“雷霆”的动摇性，答：[7]巴西文明编辑巴西艺术巴西帕塔肖族民族舞蹈巴西的文明具有众重民族的性子，有来自欧洲、非洲、亚洲等其他区域的移民详情看到这种图标齐全无法给人震雷和闪电带来的那种迅猛和疾速的魄力，队标颜色：橙蓝结交导致冷暖系颜色冲突。
更多精彩尽在这里，爵士详情点击：http://wincf.com/，爵士
留言Sure, you know vitamin C might help fight colds, vitamin A could help your eyes, and vitamin B might give you a little extra energy. But …
What about Vitamin E?
Well, there’s a lot more to Vitamin E than you may realize.
First of all, vitamin E is one of your body’s natural lubricants. And it can do a lot to help fight against free radical damage.1
Remember, free radicals are those naturally occurring compounds that destroy various cell structures in your body. Well vitamin E can help tear those free radicals down. Put simply, your body has a system for neutralizing these particles and making them harmless. Vitamin E can help expedite that process.
Also, getting enough vitamin E in your diet can help boost your immunity levels and help protect your good cholesterol from oxidative damage. It’s also thought to be an important anti-inflammatory agent.2-4
But what exactly is Vitamin E?
Basically, vitamin E is a singular term that applies to a group of related compounds, including tocopherols and tocotrienols. A tocopherol a form of vitamin E typically found in vegetable oils. Tocotrienols are vitamin E compounds also found in seeds, nuts, and certain plant oils.
Turns out, vitamin E is an essential nutrient. It can be really important when it comes to cell signaling and certain neurological functions.
So, how do you know if you’re Vitamin E deficient?
Well, for starters, any of the following could potentially be symptoms of a vitamin E deficiency –
- Muscle weakness
- Vision problems
- Immune system changes
- Difficulty walking
- Poor sense of balance5
When it comes to research that addresses vitamin E deficiency, several studies point out that children and the elderly are more vulnerable age groups. Also, men might actually have a higher risk for vitamin E deficiency than women.6
But, luckily, you can help prevent such a deficiency by trying to find the foods that will give you the best supply of vitamin E. Again, it’s found in many different dietary sources, especially vegetable oils.
However, not all vitamin E-rich foods are Gundry-approved. For instance, some say almonds, sunflower seeds, and tomatoes are great sources of vitamin E. And they do contain the essential vitamin, but that doesn’t mean that’s where you should get your daily dose of E.
So, what are the best Gundry-approved vitamin E foods?
– It really is one of the healthiest fruits out there. And you can (and should) eat it daily. Not only is this superfood delicious, but it’s one of the healthiest fats you can put in your body.
It’s also full of soluble fiber and vitamin E. For instance, just one avocado has up to 2.6 mg of vitamin E. And it’s a protein powerhouse, packing almost as much protein as an egg.7
– Tree nuts happen to be among the richest sources of vitamin E. In fact, pine nuts are known to have up to 20.5 mg of vitamin E per 100 mg serving.8 You might not always think of pine nuts when you’re looking for a snack, but they’re delicious slightly toasted and they elevate any dish – especially a fresh salad.
– This near-perfect green really packs a punch when it comes to vitamin E. Just one cup of spinach can have up to as much as 6.7 mg vitamin E. That’s almost ½ of your daily requirement, according to the Institute of Medicine.9
– You really can’t go wrong with the cruciferous veggies. And broccoli is the reigning king when it comes to nutritional value. Not only is it a great source of dietary fiber, vitamin B, vitamin A, potassium, and zinc, it’s also got a significant amount of vitamin E.
Olives and Olive Oil
– Another surprising fruit, the olive has incredible nutritional value. It’s got free radical-busting antioxidants and is known to help boost your immune function and digestive function.10
While olive oil is often touted for its vitamin E content, the original olive also provides a healthy amount of vitamin E.
In the End …
You want to make sure you’re getting all your powerhouse vitamins – they’re all important. But knowing where to find them naturally, and what signs might alert you to a deficiency, is really important.
Do your best to get vitamin E into your diet by eating the foods listed above. And, if you feel like you might be experiencing a vitamin E deficiency, go talk to your doctor. It’s a solvable issue to be sure, it just might take some extra focus on getting the right foods into the right recipes.
For more about vital nutrients, keep reading here:
Vitamin B5 Benefits & How To Tell if You’re DeficientPop art'ın önde gelen temsilcilerinden Claes Oldenburg'ün dev bir hamburgeri temsil eden ikonik işi 'Floor Burger', MoMA'daki sergi için restore edildi. Gündelik nesnelerin dev boyutlu temsilleriyle ünlenen Oldenburg'ün 'Floor Burger'ı şimdi sergilendiği Ontario Sanat Galerisi'ne (AGO) ilk alındığı tarih 1962'de protestolara neden olmuş, sanat öğrencileri yaptıkları dev ketçap şişesiyle galerinin bu seçimine karşı çıkmışlardı. 'Floor Burger' şimdi ise galerinin en çok ilgi gören eserlerinden. En bilindik pop-art eserlerinden olan 'Floor Burger', 14 Nisan'da MoMA'da açılan Claes Oldenburg sergisi için ise restore edilerek ikinci hayatına başladı. Doldurma malzemesi olarak köpük ve boş dondurma kutularının kullanıldığı dev hamburger, AGO'da eserleri korumaktan görevli Sherry Phillips'e göre şimdiye kadar şeklini korusa da, malzemelerin yer değiştirmesi sebebiyle zamanla formundaki dengeyi kaybetmişti. Eserin yapıldığı 1962'deki resimlerine bakarak eseri eski haline getirdiklerini söyleyen Phillips, hamburgerin tabakalarını yine sabitlemek için yapıştırıcı kullandıklarını söyledi.
Hamburger restorasyonu
24/04/2013 00:00California schoolkids in harm's way
This is very powerful data. A new, first-of-its-kind report from California's Department of Health (DPH) shows that health-harming agricultural pesticides are being sprayed close to schools across the state.
Not just a few pesticides, either — or a few schools. More than 500,000 California children in hundreds of schools spend their days within 1/4 mile of pesticide applications. Of these, more than 100,000 (mostly Latino) children in 226 schools attend classrooms near fields with the heaviest use of dangerous chemicals. We have a problem.
We know these pesticides can drift from where they're applied, and often much more than 1/4 mile. PAN and our partners have been pressing EPA to do a better job protecting children from drift at the national level; the agency is now taking another look at whether its "spray drift" guidelines could be stronger.
We also know many of these pesticides can put kids' health at risk. Of the top 10 pesticides most commonly used near schools, all have been linked to at least one harmful impact on children's health or development — from cancer to reproductive system harms, from IQ loss to neurodevelopmental delays. Some can have multiple impacts.
One of the top 10 "most used near schools" pesticides is chlorpyrifos, an insecticide that was banned for use in homes more than a decade ago because it was known to harm children's developing nervous systems.
In the intervening years, the evidence of harm has only gotten stronger. Chlorpyrifos was recently added to the list of substances public health experts are linking to a nationwide "chemical brain drain" — reduced mental capacity due to exposure to pesticides and other chemicals.
Better policies needed
Authors of the new report looked at the top 15 counties that accounted for the majority (85%) of pesticide use in the state, including all San Joaquin Valley counties in the Central Valley region, and several counties along the central coast.
DPH officials did careful analysis over a period of two years, in consultation with a wide range of stakeholders including county agricultural commissioners, public health officers, industrial agricultural groups and public interest organizations.
California's pesticide use reporting system made the data crunching possible. And though the report's numbers are accurate, it should be noted that authors looked at only one year — 2010 — and a glance at more recently reported numbers shows that statewide pesticide use is going up, from a total 175 million pounds in 2010 to 186 million pounds in 2012.
I don't know about you, but to me these numbers seem to be moving in the wrong direction.
A missed opportunity
As an active and longtime member of Californians for Pesticide Reform, we at PAN fully support the CPR response to the report, including these commonsense policy recommendations:
- Make significant investments in research and support for growers to transition to safe, sustainable replacements for fumigants and chlorpyrifos by 2020.
- Establish large “protection zones” around schools to maximize the distance between schools and pesticide applications.
- Require notification of schools and parents before applications of hazardous pesticides.
Unfortunately, the report's quiet release last Friday — after an inexplicable months-long delay — came the day after a hearing in Sacramento on a proposed law that would have addressed that final bullet. The bill in question (SB1411, Jackson) would have required advance notice of pesticide spraying near schools and homes.
The data in the new DPH report clearly would have helped policymakers make a more informed decision on that law — which, sadly, was voted down in committee.
But we'll keep pressing for change. As a mom, I'm outraged that schoolchildren aren't being protected from these harmful pesticides. And as a California taxpayer, it's pretty clear to me that state officials need to do a much, much better job protecting our kids. They are, after all, working for us.
This post also appeared on GroundTruth.With scientific breakthroughs come new, unanticipated dilemmas that force us to rethink how we view the world, our culture and each other. One good example comes from the genetic discoveries science has made in the past fifty years; we now live in an era when we can test tissue samples or blood and determine whether or not a person is at-risk for a variety of debilitating or deadly diseases. While this ability has clear benefits, it also has some potentially thorny side-effects. Do some background reading on genetic discrimination and the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act of 2008 (GINA), starting here: http://www.genome.gov/10002328 and here: http://www.genome.gov/10002077, and then continuing with any other resources you find helpful. Genetic tests Reflect on your reading as you discuss the following questions during the week: Genetic tests are incredibly valuable tools. If you were in charge of the Department of Health and Human Services, how might you guarantee that genetic tests will be used to benefit people, not to harm them? Even though there have not yet been any genetic discrimination cases tried in U.S. courts, why is it important to establish a set of ethical standards now? What changes could be made to GINA in order to make it better?
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In the Upanishads words such as dhaya, dhvai, manta, drsti, mati are used to denote meditation.
Tapas was a more popular practice in which meditation formed part of a set of austerities and penances that were aimed to generate bodily heat or inner fire to burn away the impurities of the mind and body.
According to Rigveda, the word emanated from the primordial Being by the great heat of austerity (tapas). Another word that is used in the Upanishad frequently to denote meditation is “Upasana”, a meditative practice that seems to have evolved into dhyana.
The Chandogya Upanishad reflects this progressive development in the Vedic thought. The Upanishad view meditation or contemplation (dhyana) as a journey into oneself till one reaches the reality that is permanent, reliable and beyond which there is nothing to be realized.
The following verse from the Upanishad envisions the whole universe and its constituent parts being in a state of deep meditation.
“Dhyayativaparvatha, - “the mountains are in meditation as though”; “dhyayativesaudrah – “the sea is in meditation though”; the stars, the planets are in meditation; the trees are in meditation. Every object in this universe is in meditation because there is absolutely no conflict whatsoever except in the human cites Swami Shudhananda, (2008: 8). In this whole marvelous creation when everything is enjoying the deep meditation, should only the human beings be condemned to restlessness? That possibility of being in meditation continuously is there in each one of us. If we know how to look at ourselves, understand our perceptions, we shall also be in meditation every moment of our life, states the author (ibid).
The Katha Upanishad also suggests a similar approach by emphasizing the need to stabilize the mind through the practice of self-contemplation (adhyatma yoga) to overcome joy and sorrow and realize Brahman.
The Maitri Upanishad prescribes six fold yoga (sadhana yoga) for the liberation of the elemental soul from both good and evil. It consists of control of breath (pranayama), withdrawal of the senses (pratyahra), meditation (dhyanam), dharna (concentration), logical enquiry (tarak) and self-absorption (Samadhi).
The Paingala Upanishad distinguishes four kinds of spiritual practice to attain Brahman and explains the purport of each. They are hearing (sravanam), reflection (mananam), meditation (nidhidhyasnam) and self-realization (atma darsana).
The Kaivalya Upanishad emphasizes the importance of devotion in the practice of yoga and meditation. It identifies faith (shradha), devotion (b
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attualmente, un mix elettrico che si basi per il 75% sul nucleare, se aggiungiamo l'idraulica, che fa l'85% che non emette assolutamente CO2. La Francia è il Paese che si difende meglio in questa terribile battaglia per la CO2.
Il riscaldamento globale esiste senza dubbio. Possiamo vedere che ci sono sempre più emissioni di CO2. Il che sembra logico dopo l'industrializzazione, lo scavo di miniere, l'uso di combustibili fossili. Le energie rinnovabili sono un bene per i paesi che non hanno l'energia nucleare. La Francia non ne ha bisogno. È solo un modo per alcuni di fare fortuna velocemente con le sovvenzioni.
Gli animali vengono spesso maltrattati martirizzandoli, brutalizzandoli. Che si tratti di allevamenti intensivi, di macellazione spirituale, persino di persone nella loro vita domestica. Ci sono animali domestici che possono essere maltrattati, proprio come gli animali selvatici. È una questione etica. Sotto la pressione degli attivisti anti-specie, siamo passati da una questione etica, la cura degli animali, a una questione politica. Esiste una superiorità dell'uomo sugli animali? L'animale è della stessa specie dell'uomo? queste sono le domande che si pongono gli antispecisti, i sociologi americani dagli anni 70. Gli antispecisti hanno un'azione ideologica, stimando che l'uomo e l'animale sono della stessa specie, che non c'è gerarchia. Questo ricorda la causa femminista con la messa in discussione del patriarcato che si è conclusa con un ruolo indifferenziato tra uomini e donne.
Tassa sul carbonio:
La tassazione sulla benzina deve essere abbassata. A questo livello serve un gesto di pacificazione, dopo lo spostamento dei gilet gialli a seguito dell'aumento della carbon tax nel 2018.
Nota: le commissioni possono essere guadagnate dai link sopra.
Questa pagina contiene riferimenti a prodotti di uno o più dei nostri inserzionisti. Potremmo ricevere un risarcimento quando fai clic sui collegamenti a tali prodotti. Per una spiegazione della nostra politica pubblicitaria, visita questa pagina.(pdf) Design And Development Of A Plastic Bottle Crusher
Sep 02, 2019 Roll crushers are a compression type reduction crusher with a long history of success in a broad range of applications. The crushing chamber is formed by massive drums, revolving toward one another. The gap between the drums is adjustable, and the outer surface of the drum is composed of heavy manganese steel castings known as roll shells that.Double Roll Crushers. Double Roll Crushers typically follow a primary or secondary crusher and are used for secondary and tertiary reduction of various minerals, such as ROM coal, clean coal, limestone, gypsum, trona, shale, bauxite, oil shale, coke, salt, lime, glass, kaolin, brick, shale and wet, sticky feeds.This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (August 2013)
|Johnson M1941 LMG|
|Type||Light machine gun|
|Place of origin||United States|
|Used by||See Users|
|Unit cost||USD $265 (1941; equivalent to $4,882 in 2021)|
|Mass||13 lb (5.9 kg)|
|Length||42 in (1,100 mm)|
|Barrel length||22 in (560 mm)|
|Rate of fire||300–900 round/min variable|
|Muzzle velocity||2,800 ft/s (853.6 m/s)|
|Feed system||20-round, single stack-column detachable box magazine|
The M1941 Johnson Light Machine Gun, also known as the Johnson and the Johnny gun, was an American recoil-operated light machine gun designed in the late 1930s by Melvin Johnson. It shared the same operating principle and many parts with the M1941 Johnson rifle and the M1947 Johnson auto carbine.
The M1941 light machine gun was designed by a Boston lawyer and captain in the Marine Corps Reserve named Melvin Johnson Jr. His goal was to build a semi-automatic rifle that would outperform the M1 Garand the US Army had adopted. By late 1937, he had designed, built, and successfully tested both a semi-automatic rifle and a prototype light machine gun. Each shared a significant number of physical characteristics and common parts, and both operated on the principle of short recoil with a rotating bolt. He took the parts of other guns, switching them out and creating the M1941 light machine gun.
Johnson's curved, single-column magazine attached to the left side of the receiver; company brochures list a 20-round magazine as standard. Additionally, the weapon could be loaded by stripper clip at the ejection port, or by single rounds fed into the breech. The rate of fire was adjustable, from 200 to 600 rounds per minute. Two versions were built: the M1941 with a wooden stock and a metal bipod, and the M1944 with a tubular steel butt and a wooden monopod.
The design intended the recoil forces to travel, along with the mass of the weapon's moving parts, in a direct line to the shoulder of the gunner. While this design minimized muzzle climb, the sights had to be placed higher above the bore.
The weapon has many parallels with the German FG 42. Both feed from the left side, and both fire from an open bolt while in automatic, and a closed bolt while in semi-auto. Both weapons were awkward to carry loaded, with a side-mounted magazine; the Johnson had an especially lengthy single-column magazine, and this feature tended to unbalance the weapon. Despite these similarities, there is no evidence that either weapon had any effect on the design of the other. Both weapons attempted to solve similar problems, and adopted similar solutions.
Prototypes of semi-automatic rifles, 20-round magazine-fed, based on the Johnson LMG were also produced. The M1947 Johnson auto carbine is an example. A belt fed variant also existed.
Johnson sold small quantities of the Johnson LMG to the U.S. Army and Marine Corps.
During the Second World War, special forces within the Allies demanded a more portable, lighter, more accurate automatic rifle that provided the equivalent stopping power of the American BAR. As a result, this machine gun was adapted as the BAR replacement for commandos operating behind Axis lines. The First Special Service Force, raised jointly with men from both Canada and the United States (the famous Devil's Brigade), traded the Marine Corps 125 of the new Johnson light machine guns for plastic explosives. They were used in lieu of BARs, but as they wore out and were lost in combat they were replaced by BARs.
The Johnson LMG was used by the Philippine Army and Philippine Constabulary during World War II under the Japanese Military Occupation from 1942 to 1945 and post-war from 1945 to 1960s including during the Hukbalahap Rebellion (1946-1954) and by the Philippine Expionary Forces to Korea or PEFTOK (1950-1955).
Shortly after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, the predecessor of the Israel Defense Forces, Haganah, developed a close copy of the Johnson LMG, the Dror, in both .303 British and 7.92×57mm Mauser. Israeli forces found the Dror prone to jam from sand and dust ingress, and the weapon was discontinued after a brief period of service. Ernesto "Che" Guevara notably used a Johnson in the Cuban Revolution.
Melvin Johnson continued to develop small arms. In 1955, he was asked to assist Fairchild/ArmaLite in (unsuccessfully) promoting Eugene Stoner's AR-10 rifle with the U.S. Department of Defense, then with ArmaLite and Colt's Manufacturing Company as an advocate for the AR-15. Armalite relied heavily on Johnson's efforts and the AR-15 used a similar bolt design to the M1941 Johnson. The AR-15 is still produced today by numerous manufacturers, as is its derivative, the M16 rifle. One of Johnson's last postwar firearms ventures was a 5.7 mm-caliber version of the M1 carbine, aka 'the Spitfire'.
A prototype using hydrazine for a caseless firearm was also developed. The firearms would have been very effective and pretty equivalent in performance to conventional propellants, while offering improved supply lines. The main concern was in the durability of pressure seals in field conditions as well as toxicity of the substance to the user.
This section needs additional citations for verification. (September 2019)معاون امور بازرگانی و توسعه تجارت اداره کل صنعت، معدن و تجارت کردستان گفت: افزون بر ۹۸۷ میلیون دلار ترانزیت کالا از مرزهای استان در سه ماهه نخست سال جاری انجام شد.
به گزارش سبا 724 طاها سمیعی با اشاره به اینکه در این مدت ۹۸۷ میلیون و ۴۳۱ هزار و ۴۹۱ دلار ترانزیت از مرزهای استان انجام شد، اظهار کرد: عمده محصولات ترانزیت انجام شده شامل انواع سوخت و مواد معدنی حاصل از آنها، ضایعات کارتن، ضایعات مس، تایر و کشنده ها، سیگار، لاستیک خودرو، لوازم صوتی و تصویری است.
وی با بیان اینکه در این سه ماهه ۲۱۸ میلیون و ۵۴۰ هزار و ۲۹۷ دلار انواع کالا از طریق مرزهای استان به خارج از کشور صادر شده است، افزود: ۶۱ درصد کالاهای صادراتی از مرزهای استان را محصولات کشاورزی، ۱۹ درصد محصولات شیمیایی و معدنی و ۲۰ درصد را هم محصولات صنعتی تشکیل داده است
معاون امور بازرگانی و توسعه تجارت اداره کل صنعت، معدن و تجارت کردستان با اشاره به اینکه کشورهای هدف صادراتی استان عراق، ترکیه، سوریه و هند است، ادامه داد: در این مدت ۷۲ میلیون و ۱۰۲ هزار و ۴۷۷ دلار کالا هم از مرزهای استان وارد کشور شده است.
سمیعی بیان کرد: شمش و ضایعات آلومینیوم، استرج فیلم و قطعات یدکی پکیج از عمده کالاهای وارداتی به استان بوده است.
مرز رسمی باشماق مریوان در کردستان یکی از مهمترین مرزهای رسمی زمینی ایران با اقلیم کردستان عراق به شمار میآید. گمرکات استان کردستان با شعبه های فعال در سنندج، باشماق مریوان، سیرانبند بانه به فعالان اقتصادی خدمات گمرکی ارائه می کند.
گمرک مریوان در زمینه ترانزیت، صادرات، امور مسافری و مقدار قابل توجهی در بخش واردات فعال است.Did you know that your phone is covered in germs: 25,127 bacteria per square inch, to be accurate. This makes cell phones one of the dirtiest objects we come in contact with every day.
According to an analysis from the Journal of Hospital Infection, coronaviruses and other germs can live on surfaces like glass, metal or plastic for up to nine days. And phones are known to be more bacteria-ridden than toilet seats.
That means no matter how much hand washing and sanitizing you do if you turn around and pick up an unclean phone right away, you are potentially exposing yourself to those same germs you just got rid of. In fact, Singapore Ministry of Health’s director of medical services, Kenneth Mak, told reporters at a press conference that cleaning mobile phones was a more important preventative measure than wearing face masks.
- Unplug all cables and turn off your iPhone.
- Remove any case or cover on the device.
- Wipe the screen and surfaces with a soft, slightly damp, lint-free microfiber cloth.
- If your device is still visibly dirty or germs are of concern, use a soft, lint-free cloth with warm soapy water.
- Wipe down your phone’s screen with rubbing alcohol or a disinfectant wipe. This can damage your device’s screen and remove the coating that protects your device from oils and grease.
- Let any water or moisture into openings, like the charging port, speakers, mute switch or elsewhere.
If your device has any case or covering, it’s important to clean that too. Refer to the case’s packaging or informational materials for proper cleaning. Normal household cleaners may be safe to use on only the case. Make sure the case is dry before putting it back on your device. If your phone’s case is dirtier than you care to admit, you might consider just getting a new one.
If you want to truly disinfect your device, however, household cleaners, aerosol sprays, solvents and other cleaners could be damaging. Instead, these ultraviolet light cleansers are specifically designed to keep your phone germ free by bathing it in UV rays. Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation is an established and effective method of disinfection.
Don’t use your phone in the toilet. One survey found 88 percent of people have admitted to doing so, but a report from the Chinese Center for Disease Control suggests that coronavirus may have been able to spread so quickly because it’s been “transmitted through the potential fecal-oral route.”Analisi dei casi a pista fredda
L'analisi dei casi a pista fredda è un metodo di scienza forense per effettuare indagini riguardo ad una scena del crimine o un caso penale che non è stato risolto integralmente e che non è al momento oggetto di alcuna procedura giudiziaria o investigativa, ma per il quale nuove informazioni potrebbero emergere da elementi quali, ad esempio, un testimone oculare, la riapertura degli archivi, la rielaborazione di prove, anche alla luce dei progressi tecno-scientifici intervenuti nel tempo, o nuove condotte messe in atto dal sospettato. I metodi sviluppati dopo l'analisi di caso possono essere utilizzati sulle prove per effettuare una nuova analisi, spesso con risultati definitivi.
I casi in oggetto sono rianalizzati mediante diversi fattori: nuove prove forensi, nuovi indizi ed un riesame degli elementi già in possesso. A questi si aggiungono altri fattori, tra i quali nuovi testimoni che al tempo della prima indagine non si erano fatti avanti, nuovi sospetti prima non considerati, la scoperta di falsi alibi o la ritrattazione delle deposizioni.
Indice
- 1 Descrizione
- 2 Criminalistica
- 3 Prospettive sull'analisi dei casi a pista fredda
- 4 Note
- 5 Videografia
- 6 Voci correlate
- 7 Altri progetti
- 8 Collegamenti esterni
Descrizione[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Tipo di reato[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Generalmente, casi a pista fredda riguardano crimini violenti quali, ad esempio, omicidio o stupro che non sono soggetti ad alcuna prescrizione. Spesso, possono essere considerati tali anche i casi di persone scomparse se è trascorso molto tempo, come nel caso di Natalee Holloway.
Una pista diventa "fredda" quando si decide di riaprire un caso, apparentemente risolto, in conseguenza della scoperta di nuove prove che potrebbero condannare il principale sospettato o scagionare l'imputato. Ciò succede in moltissimi casi ed è il risultato di un sistema penale difettoso. Altre piste diventano "fredde" quando il reato, solitamente dopo il ritrovamento del corpo, emerge dopo il compimento del fatto[1]. Altre piste sono considerate "fredde" quando si sostituisce il movente di omicidio ad un caso precedentemente interpretato come suicidio o incidente.
Nella vicenda di John Christie, quando Timothy Evans subì ingiustamente la pena di morte per l'accusa di aver ucciso sua moglie ed il figlio, molti altri corpi furono rinvenuti tempo dopo nella casa dove viveva Christie che subì a sua volta la pena di morte. La vicenda ispirò gli attivisti per i diritti umani in una campagna contro la pena di morte in Inghilterra. In Italia casi riaperti a pista fredda sono stati quelli di Elisa Claps e il delitto dell'Olgiata.
Identificazione di un sospetto[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Un caso è considerato aperto fino a che il sospettato non sia stato identificato, accusato e processato. Un caso che è condotto al processo ma che non risulta convincente può essere registrato nel libro dei casi che abbisognano di nuove prove. Spesso capitano casi irrisolti anche se la scienza forense più aiutare a determinarne la soluzione o, quantomeno, a tracciare un profilo del sospettato come, ad esempio, nel caso di Dennis Rader.
Pista cieca[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Qualche volta un sospettato è stato sovrastimato o semplicemente ignorato a causa di prove circostanziali, della presenza di un altro sospettato (magari poi considerato estraneo alla vicenda), o della tendenza dell'investigatore di escludere altre possibilità; in tutti questi casi si è in presenza di una pista cieca ovvero di una prospettiva limitata sul corso delle indagini.
Criminalistica[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
Casi giudiziari celebri[modifica | modifica wikitesto]
- Nel 2005 Edmond Jay Marr fu giudicato colpevole in secondo grado per aver ucciso nel maggio 1983 Elaine Graham, 29 anni, una studentessa alla California State University at Northridge. Divenne un sospettato quando fu possibile confermare che si trovava nelle immediate vicinanze al momento della scomparsa della ragazza e che era stato visto a casa della sorella solo ad alcuni isolati dove l'automobile era stata ritrovata. Il suo scheletro fu ritrovato in un bosco vicino dove era stata vista l'ultima volta viva e dove l'automobile fu ritrovata circa sei mesi dopo. Un coltello con il DNA della vittima fu ritrovato tempo dopo fra gli oggetti del sospettato, quando nel 1983 non c'era ancora questo tipo di esame[2],
- Nel 2002 Edward Freiburger fu giudicato colpevole in primo grado per aver ucciso nel febbraio 1961 l'anziano John Orner, 60 anni, un tassista di Columbia, in Sud Carolina. Orner era stato rapinato e ucciso con una pistola .32 H&R. Freiburger, militare di stanza al Fort Jackson, divenne subito il primo sospettato quando fu scoperto che aveva acquistato la pistola solo un'ora
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می کند در مرکز منطقه است.
برچسب های مهمLa matrice di Ansoff è anche nota come matrice Prodotto/Mercato o Vettore di Crescita. Il suo obiettivo principale è quello di fungere da guida per le aziende che cercano di crescere. Sia nel mercato in cui partecipano attualmente, sia in altri mercati ancora da esplorare.
Origine della matrice
La matrice di Ansoff è stata creata da Igor Ansoff, un matematico ed economista russo i cui genitori sono emigrati negli Stati Uniti dopo la guerra civile seguita alla rivoluzione russa.
Ansoff è conosciuto come “il padre della gestione strategica” e le sue opere includono Strategia aziendale (1965), Strategia aziendale (1969), Gestione strategica (1984), The Firm: Meeting The Legacy Challenge (1986) e The New Corporate Strategy (1989).
Come funziona la matrice di Ansoff
L’obiettivo principale della matrice di Ansoff è quello di identificare le opportunità di crescita e per farlo, il primo passo è quello di mettere in relazione prodotti e mercati a seconda che siano attuali o nuovi.
Con queste informazioni viene creata la matrice. Sull’asse orizzontale ci sono i prodotti, mentre sull’asse verticale ci sono i mercati. Entrambe le variabili (prodotti e mercati) sono suddivise in due categorie: nuove o attuali. Si otterranno così quattro quadranti, ognuno dei quali identifica una particolare strategia di crescita: penetrazione del mercato, sviluppo di nuovi prodotti, sviluppo di nuovi mercati e diversificazione.
Nella figura seguente vediamo la matrice di Ansoff con i suoi quattro quadranti:
Le strategie a matrice di Ansoff
Le strategie della matrice sono le seguenti:
- Penetrazione del mercato: corrisponde al primo quadrante che è la combinazione dei mercati e dei prodotti attuali. In questo caso la strategia mira ad aumentare la quota di mercato, ovvero ad incrementare le vendite con gli stessi prodotti. A tal fine vengono svolte una serie di attività, tra cui
- Aumentare le attività pubblicitarie e le promozioni per attirare più clienti
- Catturare le preferenze dei clienti dei nostri concorrenti
- Aumentare il consumo dei clienti attuali attraverso promozioni speciali per loro, sconti, ecc.
La strategia di penetrazione è una strategia che fornisce un livello di sicurezza più elevato all’azienda perché conosce molto bene i suoi prodotti e il mercato. Tuttavia, può richiedere uno sforzo significativo per raggiungere la crescita se il mercato è vicino al punto di saturazione.
- Sviluppo di nuovi mercati: è il quadrante che combina i prodotti attuali con i nuovi mercati. In questo caso l’obiettivo della strategia è quello di individuare nuovi mercati in cui i nostri prodotti possano essere valorizzati. I nuovi mercati possono includere nuovi segmenti di consumo, mercati nazionali inesplorati o anche mercati internazionali. Le principali attività applicate in questa strategia sono
- Sviluppo o ampliamento di nuovi canali di distribuzione
- Attrarre clienti da altri segmenti di mercato
- Partecipare a fiere internazionali, presentare prodotti e ottenere clienti all’estero
- Pubblicità internazionale
- Sviluppo del prodotto: Corrisponde al quadrante del nuovo mix di prodotti nei mercati attuali. L’obiettivo di questa strategia è quello di creare e sviluppare prodotti innovativi (sia in termini di qualità, design, nuove caratteristiche, ecc.) che possano essere venduti sul mercato odierno. Tra le attività necessarie per realizzare la strategia vi sono
- Lancio di nuovi prodotti
- Creare nuove gamme di prodotti che si differenziano per qualità (ad esempio: orologi normali e di lusso)
- Creare prodotti con nuovi modelli o dimensioni
- Introduzione di miglioramenti tecnici o di progettazione rilevanti
- Creare più varietà del prodotto: ad esempio versione leggera, sapori diversi, colori diversi, ecc.
- Diversificazione: Questo è il quadrante con la combinazione di nuovi prodotti in nuovi mercati. Qui l’obiettivo della strategia è quello di aprire nuovi mercati attraverso la vendita di nuovi prodotti. È una strategia rischiosa, ma può essere redditizia se condotta con successo. Tra le attività necessarie per realizzare questa strategia vi è una combinazione di attività di sviluppo del prodotto e di sviluppo del mercato.？
接到警察“随叫随到”动员多车搜救
“同志同志，我是一名外国司机。我正在驾驶一辆持有许可证的银色别克商用车。在我去了第四座桥后，我的身体非常不舒服。现在这辆车已停在紧急车道上了。我很想帮助你“。在本月16日下午2点51分，一名男子打电话给高速四旅指挥室打电话求助。
让警察无助的原因是该男子无法分辨具体位置。在双方的谈话中，警察明显感到男人的声音很弱，不时听到痛苦的尴尬。为了防止男子陷入昏迷和“断线”，警察不敢挂断电话。在“保持通话”中，他详细询问了行驶路线，车辆的特性，周围是否有明显的地标和物理条件。
在“保持通话”的同时，指挥室立即动员了负责桥梁横断面巡逻段的北线巡逻车到交叉口，主线巡逻车迅速搜查并搜查方向。几乎在同一时间，四桥高速公路站的“12”也被通知并准备出发。在短短10分钟内，北线巡逻车向指挥室报告，并且在K12从北到南发现了一辆停在紧急车道上并且“双跳”的商用车。不久，医务人员也赶到现场采取急救措施对付苍白而寒冷的男子。在该男子的情况稍微稳定后，交警协助“120”将他送往医院接受治疗。事实证明，男性患有突然发生高血压引起的身体不适，治疗后没有严重问题。
提醒：司机需要定期体检
1.持有B2车辆和上述车辆的司机必须向当地车辆管理部门提交医疗证明。 C和其他司机的驾驶员必须对自己的身体和随行人员负责。每年仍需要定期体检。 2.如果驾驶员在驾驶过程中感觉不舒服，请不要支持，及时停在应急车道，打开“危险警报闪烁”，拨打报警电话，将车辆撤离到护栏等待救援。Ağaç işleme kariyerine çeyrek yapraklık elektrikli zımpara makinesiyle başladım, hızlı bir şekilde rasgele yörüngeli elektrikli disk zımparalayıcıyla mezun oldum ve sonunda bir avuç içi zımpara ile zımparalama süresini önemli ölçüde kısaltabileceğimi fark ettim. 5 “Dynabrade zımpara makinesi ve Sears 3HP hava kompresörüne yerleştim. Hatamı fark etmem bir saatten az sürdü: Aldığım küçük kompresör, hava zımparalayıcısının hava talebini karşılamaya başlayamadı. Havanın bitmesine neden olacaktı. Neredeyse hemen bastırdığınızda hava zımparası işe yaramaz hale gelene kadar yavaşlardı, daha sonra bir dakika daha kumlama almak için basıncın tekrar oluşması için birkaç dakika beklemem gerekirdi.
İşleri daha da kötüleştirmek için, üç kişiyi zımpara makinesi olarak işe aldım ve bu yüzden üç makineyi gün boyu en yüksek hızda çalıştırmaya ihtiyacım olacaktı. Biraz matematik yaptım ve bunu yapmak için büyük bir tankla on beygir gücünde bir hava kompresörüne ihtiyacım olacağını keşfettim. Çok fazla para için kullanılmış bir tane bulduğum için şanslıydım, ancak üç fazlı güç ve daha fazlası gerekiyordu. Bir elektrikçinin binanın 208 volt 3 faz gücüne bağlaması için daha fazla para tükendi. Büyük hava kompresörü o kadar gürültülüydü ki binanın her yerinde ve bloktan aşağı duyulabiliyordu, ancak bu üç zımpara makinesini şafaktan alacakaranlıkta güçlüyordu. İyi haber, çok kısa sürede kurtardığı zımparalama süresi içinde kendisine para ödediğidir.
Hava zımparaları agresif ve verimlidir. Küçük kuzenleri ile karşılaştırıldığında daha hafiftirler. Zımparalarım hemen onlara aldı ve üretim başladı. Onlar kadar mutluydum. Yakında dükkanda büyük miktarda havaya ihtiyaç duyan hava kompresörünün yanı sıra başka bir makine daha vardı: bir Onsrud ters çevrilmiş pim yönlendiricisi. Günün sonunda dükkânı temizlerken tezgah ve makinenin talaşlarını üfleyebilmek de harikaydı. Kompresör ayrıca tamamlanmış mobilyaların yüzeylerine püskürtmek için de kullanılmıştır.
Yıllar sonra, bir kerede yalnızca bir adet zımpara gerektirecek şekilde evime daha küçük bir ağaç işleme dükkanı kurdum. Bu dükkan için, yarı boyutunda bir hava kompresörü aldım ve dükkanın bir köşesinde ses geçirmez bir odada izole ettim. Döşeme altından ¾ “galvanizli boruyu üç farklı uygun noktada üç regülatöre koştum. Bu mağaza için 80 galon hazneli 5 HP Ingersoll Rand modeli olarak satın aldığım makine. Dynabrade zımpara makinemin ihtiyaç duyduğu 80 PSI'da Kompresör bütün gün yeterince hava üretecek, kompresörün çok iyi yapıldığını söylemeliyim, tek yapmam gereken, gözetleme camındaki yağ seviyesini gözetmekti .. Geceleri, ana hava valfini kapatırdım. makinenin tarafı, elektriği açık bırakarak, kompresörü gece susturmak için.
Bu ana kadar okuduğunuzda, mağazanızdaki hava aletlerini çalıştırmak için bir hava kompresörü kullanmakla ilgilendiğinizi varsaymalıyım. Büyük olasılıkla, 2 kademeli pistonlu hava kompresörü, küçük ve orta ölçekli bir dükkanın ihtiyaçlarını karşılayacaktır. Kural olarak, 5 HP hava kompresörü bir hava zımpara makinesine güç verir, 7.5 HP makine iki güç verir ve üç zımpara makinesi için 10 HP makineye ihtiyaç duyulur.
Kompresörün hava deposunun büyüklüğü önemli bir husustur: Tank ne kadar küçükse, kompresörün o kadar sık açılıp kapanması gerekir, Bu hem motor hem de kompresör pompasında zamanla zordur ve daha fazla elektrik kullanır. 60 galonluk bir tanktan daha düşük bir hava zımpara makinesine güç sağlamak için kullanılan bir hava kompresörünü bile düşünmezdim ve 80 galonluk bir tankla kendimi çok daha rahat hissederim.
Bir hava kompresörünün ihtiyaç duyduğu elektrik gücü türü, başka bir husustur. Bulunduğunuz yerde üç fazlı gücünüz varsa, sorun yok. Üç fazlı motorlar elektriği tek fazlı motorlardan biraz daha verimli kullanma eğilimindedir. Büyük hava kompresörlerinin tümü 3 fazlı güç gerektirir, ancak 5 HP modelleri de iki yönlü geliyor. 3 fazlı gücünüz yoksa, küçük dükkanımda yaptığım gibi döner veya elektronik faz dönüştürücü ile üretebilirsiniz. Tek fazlı veya üç fazlı güç kullanıyor olsanız da, tek fazlı motorlar için 230V AC güce ve üç fazlı çeşitlilik için 208 veya 220V AC'ye ihtiyacınız olacaktır. Satın almadan önce herhangi bir hava kompresörünün voltaj ve amper gereksinimlerini kontrol ettiğinizden emin olun. Elektrikçiler pahalı olabilir.
İki kademeli bir kompresör pompası, bu boyuttaki bir makine için bir zorunluluktur. İki aşamalı makinelerin biri diğerinden daha büyük olan iki silindire sahiptir. Hava, ilk olarak kısmen sıkıştırıldığı ve tanka nihai sıkıştırma için daha küçük silindire gönderilen büyük silindire verilir. Hava sıkıştırıldıkça, ısı üretilir ve bu nedenle iyi bir makine her zaman yerleşik olarak kanatlı bir ara soğutucuya sahip olacaktır.
Sıkıştırma sadece ısı üretmekle kalmaz, aynı zamanda tankta biten havadan su sıkar. Tanklar zamanla içeriden paslanabilir ve eğer kontrol altında tutulmazsa, paslanmış hava tankı sonunda patlayabilir ve büyük hasara ve hatta ölüme neden olabilir. Bu yüzden her gün su tankını boşaltmak kritik öneme sahip. Çoğu makine, tankın en alçak noktasında bir tahliye vanasıyla donatılmıştır. Kompresörün altındaki zeminin her yerine su püskürtmek istemiyorsanız, valfı yerden zeminin altına ya da drenaja gibi başka bir yere bağlamayı düşünebilirsiniz. Borulu su, bir lavaboya yokuş yukarı akar çünkü tanktan basınçlı hava ile itilir.
Ondan önce en az bir adet regülatöre ve bir su tutucuya ihtiyacınız olacaktır. Bunlar pahalı değil. Regülatör, kullanacağınız aletin (basınçlı, PSI 175) yerine (yani, 175 PSI) doğru hava basıncını ayarlamanızı sağlar.
Kompresör pompasının hava çıkışı, dakikada standart kübik feet (SCFM) veya dakikada sadece kübik feet (CFM) olarak ifade edilir. 5 HP kompresörünün tümü, dakikada aynı miktarda hava vermedi. Bu sadece motor beygir gücünün değil, aynı zamanda motorun çalıştığı kompresör pompanın verimliliğinin de bir fonksiyonudur. CFM ne kadar yüksek olursa, kompresörünüzün üzerinde durduğunuz taleplere ayak uydurabilmek için daha az açıp kapanması gerekir. Büyük bir tanktaki küçük bir kompresör pompası, küçük bir tanktan daha fazla hava üretmez. Tek fark, kompresörün her saat başı kaç kez döndüğü ve tankın her döngüde yeniden sıkıştırılması için geçen zaman olacaktır. Sonunda, SCFM'ye (veya CFM) motor beygir gücünden veya tank boyutundan daha fazla dikkat etmeniz gerekir. Hava akımı herhangi bir kompresörün son ürünüdür ve CFM eldeki işe yeterli olmalıdır.
Tüm pistonlu hava kompresörleri, sıkıştırdıkları hava ile yağ atmaktadır. Tank, inç kare başına maksimum pound olarak tasarlandığında, bir basınç şalteri motora giden elektrik gücünü keser. Eşzamanlı olarak, mağaza ortamına belirli miktarda yağlı hava verilecektir. Kompresörün arkasındaki duvarda, pompa ve kompresörde ve zamanla yağ topladığını görebilirsiniz. Bu alarmın nedeni değildir, ancak periyodik temizlik gerekebilir.
Pistonlu (pistonlu tip) hava kompresörleri ses çıkarır ve bu kendiniz, işçileriniz ve bulunduğunuz yeri çevreleyen diğerleri için planlamanız gereken bir şeydir. Sessizlik önemli bir kriter ise, vidalı bir hava kompresörü için ekstra para harcamayı düşünebilirsiniz. Vidalı tip kompresörlerde piston veya silindir yoktur. Hava, türbin tarzında büyük bir metal vida ile sıkıştırılır ve çok yüksek bir hızda döndürülür. Bu kompresörler pistonlu tipe göre daha pürüzlüdür, ancak çok pahalıdırlar. Sesli bir kamyon motorundan çok sessiz bir jet motoruna benziyorlar.
Umarım bu yazı sizin için yararlı olmuştur. Ağaç işleme dükkanınız için bir hava kompresörü satın almak, boruları, regülatörleri, hortumları, su tuzaklarını, kabloları ve elektrik teknisyenlerini göz önüne aldığınızda oldukça pahalı bir yatırım olabilir. Yapacağınız işlere eşit, ancak bundan daha fazlası olmayan bir makine satın almak isteyeceksiniz. Yanlış hava kompresörünü almak çok pahalı bir hata olabilir. Bunu yazma niyetim, size doğru olanı seçmek için ihtiyaç duyacağınız bilgiyi vermektir.Al centro della trama della Serie tv intitolata Beauty and the Beast streaming
e' un'intelligente, severa, sicura in se', e anche bellissima detective del dipartimento degli omicidi chiamata Kristin Kreuk, che presto comincia a lavorare in coppia con il dottor Vincent Keller, ex soldato, che e' stato la vittima di esperimenti medici. A causa di questi esperimenti, adesso il suo corpo e' una cosa incredibile, come una bestia (Beast), possiede una forza davvero enorme. I due lavorando insieme, cercano in tutti modi di indagare sui violenti crimini commessi nella citta' di New York (Grande Mela).Think back to your most recent dental appointment. Did your dentist check you for oral cancer?
If the answer is “no” or you don’t remember, you’re not alone. According to a recent survey by Vigilant Biosciences, 63% said as much. Yet more than 80% would like oral cancer screening to be a part of every dental exam.
An oral cancer exam is quick, painless and easy – and a routine part of our patient exams.
Unfortunately, this is not the norm. As a 2009 paper in the Journal of the California Dental Association noted, while “most dentists claim to perform an oral cancer examination on their patients,” the lack of progress in early diagnosis suggests otherwise.
Early diagnosis is critical, for the more advanced the cancer, the harder it is to treat successfully. “The death rate for oral cancer,” notes the Oral Cancer Foundation,
is higher than that of cancers which we hear about routinely such as cervical cancer, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, laryngeal cancer, cancer of the testes, and endocrine system cancers such as thyroid, or skin cancer (malignant melanoma). If you expand the definition of oral and oropharyngeal cancers to include cancer of the larynx, the numbers of diagnosed cases grow to approximately 54,000 individuals, and 13,500 deaths per year in the U.S. alone.
If caught early, on the other hand, oral cancer is often readily treatable. Hence, routine screenings.
The basic physical exam involves inspecting the mouth, lips, gums, tongue, tonsils and other soft tissues, looking for any lesions or other abnormalities. It includes palpating (lightly touching or pushing against) the neck and lymph nodes. Autofluorescence imaging may also be used to detect problems. If any are found
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. And more significantly as a visual queue for seasonal activity.ابداع واکسن سرطان با استفاده از سلول های زامبی!
به گزارش تعمیرکار، سلول های معروف به سلول های ˮزامبیˮ، راه جدیدی برای ابداع واکسن سرطان در نظر گرفته می شوند و هم اکنون، نتایج امیدوارکننده ای را در آزمایش روی موش ها نشان داده اند.
به گزارش تعمیرکار به نقل از ایسنا و به نقل از نیو اطلس، دانشمندان "موسسه پژوهش زیست پزشکی"(IRB) در اسپانیا، اثر یک واکسن جدید سرطان را نشان داده اند که تزریق سلول های خفته تومور را برای تحریک سیستم ایمنی و کمک به پیشگیری از آغاز سرطان شامل می شود.
واکسن سرطان می تواند چیزی شبیه به جام مقدس برای پزشکی مدرن باشد و جای تعجب نیست که پژوهش های بسیاری برای رسیدن به این هدف انجام شده اند. بعضی از روش ها می توانند درمانی باشند و با سرطانی که هم اکنون در بدن بیمار وجود دارد، مبارزه کنند. این در شرایطی است که برخی دیگر می توانند پیشگیرانه باشند و در وهله اول برای کاهش خطر مبتلا شدن به سرطان طراحی شوند. در هر صورت، این واکسن ها با تحریک سیستم ایمنی برای تشخیص دادن سرطان کار می کنند.
دانشمندان مؤسسه پژوهش زیست پزشکی، نوع جدیدی از واکسن سرطان را عرضه کرده اند. نسخه های پیشین برای تحریک واکنش ایمنی با استفاده از سلول های تومور مرده طراحی شده اند اما در این پژوهش جدید، دانشمندان با استفاده از سلول های سرطانی در حالت خفته معروف به پیری، موفقیت بیشتری کسب کردند.
وقتی سلول ها به مرحله پیری می رسند و صدمه های DNA انباشته می شوند، در نهایت به نقطه ای می رسند که دیگر تقسیم نمی شوند اما به جای مردن، خاموش می مانند. این سلول های به اصطلاح پیر یا "زامبی"، در بسیاری از علائم پیری نقش دارند اما به نظر می آید که مکانیسم محافظتی در مقابل سرطان باشند که اساسا تقسیم سلولی کنترل نشده است.
بنابراین، پژوهشگران در این پروژه جدید بررسی کردند که آیا میتوان از سلول های پیر تومور به جای سلول های مرده برای تحریک واکنش ایمنی بهره برد یا خیر. در هر حال، آنها هنوز همان نشانگرهایی را دارند که سلول های ایمنی جستجو می کنند اما خطر رشد و تقسیم را شامل نمی شوند.
پژوهشگران، موش های سالم را با سلول های پیر تومور واکسینه کردند. سپس یک هفته بعد، ملانومای زنده یا سلول های سرطان پانکراس را به آنها تزریق کردند. تعداد موش هایی که به تومور مبتلا شدند، در گروهی که سلول های تومور پیر را دریافت کرده بودند، در مقایسه با گروههای کنترل شده به صورت قابل ملاحظه ای کاهش پیدا کرد.
این گروه پژوهشی، واکسن های سلول پیر را به موش هایی که قبلا به تومور مبتلا شده بودند، تزریق کردند و در آنجا هم پیشرفت هایی داشتند که البته به اندازه درمان پیشگیرانه نبود.
بررسی دقیق تر نشان داد که سلول های پیر برای تحریک سلول های ایمنی مهم شامل سلول های دندریتیک و سلول های "CD8 T" در مقابل سرطان، بسیار کارآمد هستند.
"اینس مارین"(Inés Marín)، پژوهشگر ارشد این پروژه اظهار داشت: پژوهش ما نتیجه می گیرد که القای پیری در سلول های تومور، تشخیص این سلول ها به وسیله سیستم ایمنی را بهبود می بخشد و همچنین، شدت واکنشی را که ایجاد می کنند، بالا می برد. بنابراین، یافته های ما بسیار مثبت هستند.
لازم به ذکر است که نتایج به دست آمده در مدلهای حیوانی همیشه قابل انتقال به انسان نیستند. بنابراین، هنوز کارهای زیادی برای انجام دادن باقی مانده اند. این گروه پژوهشی هم اکنون درحال بررسی این پرسش هستند که واکسن سلول پیر تا چه اندازه می تواند در ترکیب با روش های ایمنی درمانی کار کند.
این پژوهش، در مجله "Cancer Discovery" به چاپ رسید.
منبع: setfix.ir
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نظرات بینندگان در مورد این مطلبGestione dell’asciutta e cellule somatiche [seconda parte]
A livello di allevamento, i fattori associati all’incremento del contenuto di cellule somatiche nel latte possono essere suddivisi secondo la fase in cui si trovano gli animali: messa in asciutta, fase iniziale dell’asciutta, fase di transizione, peri-parto. Un’illustrazione dei principali fattori di rischio è riportata nella Figura n. 1.
Non è stato individuato alcun effetto significativo sulla conta cellulare all’inizio della lattazione, secondo i diversi protocolli terapeutici adottati al momento della messa in asciutta e secondo l’utilizzo o meno del sigillante interno per capezzoli.
Precedenti studi, focalizzati sulle primipare, hanno identificato altri fattori gestionali in grado d’influenzare in modo statisticamente significativo la conta cellulare all’inizio della lattazione come, ad esempio: gestione dell’alimentazione, stabulazione, prevalenza di bovine con conta cellulare elevata nella mandria, livello produttivo della mandria. Ciò suggerisce che le strategie di gestione in grado di influenzare la conta cellulare dopo il parto possono variare secondo le diverse realtà produttive e, quindi, sarebbe utile intraprendere questo tipo di ricerche in diversi paesi o ambienti.
Oltre al numero di lattazioni e alla conta cellulare durante la lattazione precedente, altre caratteristiche individuali delle bovine in grado di influenzare la conta cellulare sono state: produzione di latte elevata nei trenta giorni prima della messa in asciutta e ridotto intervallo tra parto e prima misurazione del contenuto di cellule somatiche nel latte.
Ridurre la produzione di latte delle bovine, modificando le caratteristiche della razione, nelle settimane prima della messa in asciutta, attualmente sembra essere una valida raccomandazione. In questo studio, infatti, una produzione inferiore a 10 kg/giorno è stata associata a un minore contenuto di cellule somatiche nel latte prodotto durante la successiva lattazione.
La ragione per cui un contenuto di cellule somatiche maggiore di 199.000 cellule/ml prima dell’asciutta è collegato a un aumentato del rischio di una conta cellulare elevata nella successiva lattazione è, probabilmente, legata al fatto che alcune infezioni mammarie esistenti non sono curate con successo durante il periodo di asciutta o perché un alto contenuto di cellule somatiche è indice di una maggiore suscettibilità dell’animale a nuove infezioni a carico delle ghiandole mammarie.
La maggior parte dei fattori di gestione della mandria, associati a un aumento della conta cellulare nei primi trenta giorni di lattazione, è legata alle misure d’igiene e di gestione dell’ambiente in cui vivono le bovine e possono essere facilmente implementati e migliorati. L’utilizzo di salviette disinfettanti prima della somministrazione dei trattamenti per via intramammaria al momento della messa in asciutta, per esempio, è associato a una significativa riduzione del contenuto di cellule somatiche. Questa pratica, infatti, riduce drasticamente la possibilità che i batteri patogeni raggiungano la ghiandola mammaria durante l’utilizzo delle siringhe per somministrazione intramammaria.
Una ridotta densità di stabulazione in stalla e un intervallo sufficientemente lungo tra due successivi periodi di pascolo su uno stesso appezzamento sono associati a un ridotto contenuto di cellule somatiche nel latte prodotto dopo il parto. Una possibile ragione di questo fenomeno è la ridotta contaminazione batterica dell’ambiente e quindi la ridotta esposizione delle bovine a batteri patogeni.
Lo spazio minimo raccomandato per ciascun capo allevato, in allevamenti con stabulazione libera su lettiera permanente, è compreso tra sei e otto metri quadrati. I risultati di questo studio suggeriscono che l’aumento dello spazio minimo disponibile per ogni capo può essere utile per il controllo delle mastiti. Gli autori del presente articolo raccomandano di garantire a ogni bovina uno spazio minimo di:
10 m2 per allevamenti con una produzione di latte media annua per vacca pari a 8.000 kg.
12,5 m2 per allevamenti con una produzione di latte media annua per vacca di 10.000 kg.
Nonostante la notevole variabilità per quanto riguarda la lunghezza del periodo di asciutta tra le bovine incluse, in questo studio è interessante evidenziare che la durata del periodo di asciutta non è associata a variazioni significative del contenuto di cellule somatiche dopo il parto. Quindi, i risultati di questo studio suggeriscono che, in termini di sanità della ghiandola mammaria, i fattori legati alla gestione della mandria e quelli legati a ogni singolo animale sono più importanti rispetto alla lunghezza del periodo di asciutta.
In conclusione possiamo affermare che lo studio qui presentato ha dimostrato che la gestione del periodo di asciutta è in grado d’influenzare in modo significativo la conta cellulare nella successiva lattazione e ha reso evidenti quei fattori che sono di fondamentale importanza per il controllo della mastite.
Fonte: Cow, Farm, and Herd Management Factors in the Dry Period Associated with Raised Somatic Cell Counts in Early Lactation. M. J. Green, A. J. Bradley, G. F. Medley, and W. J. Browne. Journal of Dairy Science Vol. 91 No. 4, 2008.اعراب یک ماه دیگر تنگه هرمز را دور می زنند: آغاز به کار خط لوله ابوظبی
خط لوله نفتی که تنگه هرمز را دور می زند در ماه آینده میلادی، آغاز به کار می کند.
به گزارش عصر ایران، چهار منبع در صنایع نفت امارات به رویترز گفته اند که خط لوله ای که نفت را از راه زمین و بدون نیاز به تنگه هرمز، منتقل می کند از ماه آینده میلادی وارد مدار فعالیت می شود.
این خط لوله موسوم به "خط لوله ابوظبی"به طول 480 کیلومتر و با ظرفیت انتقال دو و نیم میلیون بشکه نفت خام در روز ، تنگه هرمز را از طریق زمینی دور می زند.
خط لوله ابوظبی باعث افزایش صادرات نفت خام امارات از بندر فجیره امارات در ساحل دریای عمان می شود.
با راه اندازی این خط لوله ، انتقال نفت خام از خلیج فارس بدون نیاز به عبور از تنگه هرمز، امکان پذیر می شود.
این خط لوله میدان های نفتی "حبشان" در اختیار شرکت ملی نفت ابوظبی (ادنوک) در خلیج فارس را به بندر فجیره امارات در ساحل دریای عمان وصل می کند.
کارفرمای ساخت این خط لوله شرکت سرمایه گذاری نفتی بین المللی (ایپیک) مستقر در ابوظبی و پیمانکار آن ، شرکت طراحی و مهندسی نفت چین است.
امارات با تولید روزانه دو و نیم میلیون بشکه نفت خام از جمله اعضای مهم سازمان کشورهای صادرکننده نفت (اوپک) به شمار می رود. 90 درصد از نفت امارات در منطقه ابوظبی تولید می شود.
یک منبع آگاه در این باره گفت: ورود نفت خام به خط لوله ابوظبی در اواخر ماه دسامبر 2011 صورت می گیرد. در ابتدا روزانه از این خط لوله ، یک میلیون بشکه نفت خام منتقل می شود تا به تدریج این میزان به دو میلیون بشکه در روز افزایش یابد.
وی افزود: به دلیل افزایش گمانه زنی ها درباره حمله نظامی به ایران، برای راه اندازی سریع این خط لوله تلاش بیشتری صورت می گیرد.
منبع دوم در صنعت نفت امارات در شهر دبی هم گفت: ساخت خط لوله به پایان رسیده و هم اکنون اقدامات مربوط به راه اندازی و انتقال نفت به آن در حال انجام است.
دو منبع دیگر هم چارچوب زمانی گفته شده را تایید اما همگی از اظهار هویت خود خودداری کردند.
به صورت مقدماتی، راه اندازی این خط لوله توسط شرکت دولتی عملیات نفت زمینی ابوظبی (ادکو) صورت می گیرد.
شرکت ملی نفت ابوظبی (ادنوک)، 60 درصد از سهام شرکت ادکو را در اختیار دارد و بقیه سهامداران آن را شرکت های بی پی انگلیس، رویال داچ شل (هلندی - انگلیسی)، توتال فرانسه، اکسون موبیل آمریکا و بارتکس تشکیل می دهند.
تنگه هرمز
تنگه هرمز مهمترین آبراه جابه جایی نفت در جهان به شمار می رود.
براساس آمار اداره اطلاعات انرژی آمریکا در سال 2009، به طور میانگین روزانه 15 و نیم میلیون بشکه نفت خام از تنگه هرمز عبور کرده است. این میزان معادل یک سوم نفت جابه جا شده از طریق دریا در جهان است.
اکثر نفت صادراتی ایران، قطر، عربستان سعودی، کویت، عراق و همچنین کل صادرات گاز طبیعی مایع شده (ال ان جی) قطر از طریق تنگه هرمز به بازارهای جهانی صادر می شود. قطر بزرگترین صادرکننده ال ان جی جهان است.
ایران بارها تهدید کرده است در صورتی که مورد حمله نظامی قرار بگیرد، بستن تنگه هرمز را به عنوان یک گزینه در اختیار دارد.El clasico var bu hafta kim alır?
Real Madrid alır :)
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Real alır sanki
Umarım Barcelona alır da eşim mutlu olur. Kendisi Messi hayranıdır da :))
Umarım mesi gol atıp eşinizi yinede mutlu ederde almaya gelince real alsın :)
Real alir
Real Madrid
Realmadrid.
Barcelona
Messi çok formda barçalarız
a dedim.
madrid dagıtır
Bu işlemi geri alamazsın. Görüş sahibine bildirim gönderilecek ve 7 Xper puan kazanacak.
Aynı zamanda soruyu kapat一、战寒爵洛诗玲
这首诗直接放下了很多旗帜，但陆飞真的长大了。NO4学会了螺旋药丸，表示火影迷更应该关注的是杀青剧情，而在鹿飞升级中吃了不少苦头的火影忍者吉拉亚也很酷，但很多旁观者，吉拉亚都在火影忍者身上蹭球，比如螺旋药丸太多了。螺旋药丸或其他东西没有错，所以这样的情节也没有错。所以让我们和我们的朋友一起去看看卡卡西为什么不在那里吃脂肪。在3号没有砍开凯度换掉之前，他也玩过赌博，直到他看到了再也没有砍过的脉轮。
二、战寒爵洛诗费阅读完结
那么，你知道吗，《狐狸精灵媒人》里有很多你喜欢的角色？萨莫斯国王的性格有点傲慢，但有点自卑。他把他当食物，并收到了鲁飞的小袋子。萨莫斯国王故意为此献出了自己的生命。萨莫斯国王故意为此献出了自己的生命。萨莫斯国王故意结束了他的生命。萨莫斯国王的性格应该是非常残忍的。虽然脾气很暴躁，但他已经改变了个性，接受了陆飞等人的指导，学会了很多招式。过去，萨莫斯国王的性格似乎更适合在战斗中非常谨慎，无论是在行为上还是在做事上。
三、战寒爵洛诗涵小说免费阅读完结
Jue喜欢一些人，因为他们认为他们是贪婪的恶棍，所以他们一直试图让黑暗复仇者重新加入他们的团队，但Uchiha Madara是不同的，他想让这个Uchiha Madara在这个时候加入他们，所以他遇到了他，一个非常恶心的老女人，Uchiha Madara，我们看到他非常可爱。因为他非常可爱的脸和他的前女友不一样，即使在出道的时候，他也很搞笑。这个角色的名字可能一直是直到他没有出现在戏剧版的火影中。
四、洛诗i涵战南爵
这首诗中还有一个可爱的小萝莉，她的名字叫利齐。她跑在赏金猎人的路上，但被陆飞抢先了一步。因为陆飞的实力非常蹩脚，他的悬赏涨到了5亿，他最终失去了在两人结盟的道路上打架的可能性。花剑南美和空手道师有许多绰号，大魔头白星白，就像稻草帽海盗队的外观一样。当奈美变得强大，在七大武术的海洋中，她仍然有
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18.战寒爵洛诗战 第2章Amerikalı Ray ve Lynne Simon çifti, hayal ettikleri evi almak için sürekli olarak evle birlikte seyahat etmek zorundalar. Wolfe House & Building Movers şirketi çiftin uzun zamandır hayallerini süsleyen evi, kendilerine bedava sundu. Evi bedavaya vereceklerini söyleyen şirketin tek bir şartı var o da 'devasa evin sürekli olarak yerinin değiştirilmesi'. Çift bir yıl boyunca evle seyahat ederse evin yeni sahibi olabilecek. 4 odalı ev yaklaşık olarak 480 ton ağırlığında,uzunluğu ise 21 bin 336 metre.African tree used for pot and bonsai. Indoor plant.
It is a slow-rate growing deciduous tree in its early life. It can reach 12m. It is paunchy as its trunk is 10m in diametre when adult with wide open canopy. Large flowers, white and very scented. They produce a big hairy, yellowish and egg-shaped fruit. The husk is hard and contains the seeds.
Numerous medicinal and culinary purposes. The leaves are eaten cooked for human and is also a good fodder. The fruit produces refreshing drinks. The white powder of its fruit is dissolved with water to cure fever, dysentery and to replace quinine. The spungy trunk is an authentic water tank as it can contain 90,000 litres of water. A food oil is extracted from its seeds. The toasted seeds replace coffee. Rich in phosphate they are the main ingredient in the prooduction of soap and fertiliser. The bark is used to make ropes and the sap is used for paper.
Soak the seeds in cool water for 48 hours before sowing at temperatures of 25ºC night/30ºC day.An acute viral hepatitis panel is used to help detect and/or diagnose acute liver infection and inflammation that is due to one of the three most common hepatitis viruses: hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), or hepatitis C virus (HCV).
There are several causes of hepatitis
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اداره بازدید کنندگان گوام (GVB) و اداره فرودگاه بین المللی AB وون پت از اولین پرواز مستقیم گوام از تایوان در بیش از یک سال و نیم استقبال کردند. پرواز EVA Air charter 153 مسافر را به این جزیره منتقل کرد تا در برنامه گردشگری واکسیناسیون گوام - Air V&V شرکت کنند.
سرانجام بیش از 2,000 بازدید کننده برای واکسیناسیون و لذت بردن از تعطیلات رویایی ، از تایوان به گوام سفر می کنند.
منشور EVA Air ، ایرباس A321-200 ، یکی از چندین پرواز است که توسط آژانس های مسافرتی مختلف تایوان مانند Lion Travel و Phoenix Tours هماهنگ می شود. انتظار می رود بیش از 2,000،XNUMX بازدید کننده از تایوان در ماه های جولای و آگوست داشته باشند.
رئیس و مدیر عامل GVB کارل تی سی گوتیرز گفت: "این فقط آغاز احیای صنعت شماره یک گوام است." "من می خواهم از فرماندار لو لئون گررو برای حمایت از برنامه Air V&V ، كه به بازدیدكنندگان این فرصت را می دهد كه واكسن بزنند و همچنین روحیه Håfa Adai ما را تجربه كنند ، تشكر كنم."
GVB هنگامی که از مهاجرت به ایستگاه بازرسی اداره بهداشت عمومی و خدمات اجتماعی (DPHSS) می رفتند ، به آنها بطری آب و مایع ضد عفونی کننده رایگان ارائه می داد. روبی سانتوس و جسی بایس نیز با موسیقی زنده چامورو از مسافران استقبال کردند.
نادین لئون گررو ، مدیر بازاریابی جهانی GVB گفت: "من می خواهم همکاری بزرگ بین دفتر گوام تایوان ، EVA Air و سایر شرکای تجاری سفر را در موفقیت این پرواز چارتر تشخیص دهم." "ما می خواهیم از اداره فرودگاه بین المللی گوام ، گمرک و قرنطینه گوام ، پلیس فرودگاه و بهداشت عمومی برای همکاری مداوم در استقبال از بازدید کنندگان از جزیره زیبا ما تشکر کنیم."رییس بیمارستان مسیح دانشوری: آمار کرونا کم نمی گردد
به گزارش مجله تار و سه تار، رییس بیمارستان مسیح دانشوری گفت: قرار نیست محدودیت تعطیلی از ساعت 18 به بعد تغییر محسوسی در کاهش آمار مبتلایان و بیماران کرونایی داشته باشد و این محدودیت ها در طولانی مدت پاسخگو خواهد بود.
به گزارش مهر، پیغام طبرسی رئیس بیمارستان مسیح دانشوری و عضو کمیته علمی ستاد ملی مقابله با کرونا در مصاحبه با برنامه تهران کلینیک رادیو تهران با اعلام تأیید مجوز برای دو داروی گیاهی برای بهبود علائم کرونا شرح داد: دارو های گیاهی در بسیاری از کشور ها از جمله کشور چین مورد استفاده قرار گرفته است، اما نکته ای که ضروری است بدانیم این است که همه این دارو ها مکمل هستند و نقش درمانی ندارند.
برای برخی از مردم به اشتباه این طور تلقی می گردد که این داروها، تأثیر درمانی دارند، اما این طور نیست و این دارو ها تنها در بهبود علائم نقش دارند. این نکته را هم یادآوری می کنم که تا به امروز دارویی که نقش درمانی در این ویروس داشته باشد، در هیچ کجای جهان کشف نشده است.
رئیس بیمارستان مسیح دانشوری در مورد آخرین شرایط فراگیری بیماری کرونا نیز گفت: متأسفانه آمار گویای شرایط وخیم شرایط کنونی اپیدمی این ویروس هست. ما در یک دوره اوج بیماری و آمار بالای مرگ و میر و ابتلاء به سر می بریم که بخشی از آن به دلیل افزایش در تست هایی است که از بیماران مشکوک به ویروس کووید 19 گرفته می گردد. این افزایش تست باعث افزایش موارد مثبت شده و نمی توان از این آمار ها بخصوص در شهر های عظیم غافل بود.
وی اضافه نمود: نیازمند یک واکنش سریع از سمت مسئولین و مقامات هستیم که از امروز قرار است در برخی شهر های عظیم از ساعت 18 مشاغل دو، سه و چهار به حالت تعطیلی دربیایند و باید دید این محدودیت ها می تواند تأثیری در کاهش آمار این بیماری بگذارد یا نه.
طبرسی اعلام کرد: در قرارگاه مرکزی ستاد ملی مقابله با کرونا برنامه و اقداماتی قرار است اجرا گردد که 50 درصد موارد ابتلاء و 30 درصد موارد مرگ و میر کاهش پیدا کند، اما نباید این انتظار را داشته باشیم که تعطیلی از ساعت 18 به بعد به سرعت این آمار ها را کاهش دهد. همه این محدودیت ها در بازه های زمانی طولانی مدت جوابگو خواهد بود و ما هم مانند سایر کشور ها ملزم به انجام اقدامات مختلف برای مقابله با این ویروس هستیم.
عضو کمیته علمی ستاد ملی مقابله با کرونا ضمن بیان این نکته که بچه ها در معرض خطر ویروس کرونا هستند، مطرح نمود: بچه ها هم به ویروس مبتلا می شوند، اما خوشبختانه در بیشتر موارد خفیف هستند و با یک تب یک تا دو روزه بهبود پیدا می نمایند. بچه های که بیماری زمینه ای دارند باید مراقبت های بیشتری از سمت خانواده ها برای آن ها انجام گردد، چون خطر بیشتری از این ویروس آن ها را تهدید می نماید.
وی در همین خصوص افزود: بچه ها ناقلان خوب، اما بدون علامت برای این ویروس به حساب می آیند. در بسیاری از موارد ابتلاء، خانواده هایی هستند که ابتلاء از کودک آن ها شروع شده است یا در برخی دیگر از موارد ابتلای خانوادگی، پدر و مادر مبتلا با تصور اینکه کودک به ویروس مبتلا نیست، برای نگهداری او را به منزل سایر اعضای خانواده می فرستند، بی خبر از اینکه ناقل اصلی کودک آن ها بوده و این کار باعث انتقال ویروس می گردد.منبع: فراروNorth American elk (Cervus elaphus) are one of the largest members of the deer family. Large males, called bulls, can weigh several hundred pounds and stand five feet at the shoulder. Females are called cows and are roughly half that size. A dark brown mane, light-brown bodies and white rumps characterize both sexes. They grow a thicker coat of hair each winter which they shed each spring.
Only males have antlers, which grow in the spring and drop each winter. Antlers can grow up to an inch a day. They are covered with a protective layer of velvety skin. When the antlers are fully grown, the bulls scrape this layer off.
Elk are highly social animals and travel in various herd sizes throughout the year. Herds can get as numerous as a few hundred individuals. Elk have a large range and move according to seasonal food availability. In the summer, herds move to higher elevations to feed on tundra vegetation, while in the winter they move down to lower elevations of the park and down into the Front Range. Large herds consist of cows, calves and young bulls (spikes). Older bulls remain in smaller groups or are solitary until the fall breeding season.
Calving usually happens in tall grassy or brush areas away from the herd. Elk calves are born from late May into June and weigh about 30 pounds. Most cows give birth to one calf, but may also have two. Newborns have spots, which fade away by late summer. Calves can join the herd after two weeks and are weaned at two months old. Cows are extremely protective of their calves so use caution around elk at this time of year.
Elk primarily graze on grasses and forbs but they also browse shrubs. They feed mostly in the morning and evening, and seek sheltered areas during the middle of the day to digest. They eat an average of 20 pounds of vegetation daily. Free roaming elk have a lifespan of 10-13 years in the wild.
See the Chronic Wasting Disease page to learn how this neurodegenerative disease affects elk.
Every autumn, elk descend from the high country to montane meadows for the annual breeding season. Within the gathering herds, the larger antlered males, now weighing up to 1,100 pounds move nervously among the bands of smaller females.
In this season of excitement, bull elk compete with one another for the right to breed with a herd of females. Prime bulls, eight to nine years old, stand the best chance of mating. While competition is high among bulls, it includes little fighting, since fighting causes injury and depletes energy. Instead, mature bulls compete for cows by displaying their antlers, necks and bodies. They emit strong, musky odors and bugle. With little rest or food during the mating season, bulls enter the winter highly susceptible to the hardships of the coming months.
Bull elk signal the mating season with a crescendo of deep, resonant tones that rise rapidly to a high-pitched squeal before dropping to a series of grunts. The elk bugle gave rise to the term "rut" for the elk mating season. Rut is derived from the Latin word meaning roar.
The eerie call echoes through the autumn nights and serves to intimidate rival males. Mating season is a stressful time for the animal, and the bugle may also act as a physical release of tension. Cows and younger bulls may also bugle, but they cannot match the strength or range of the older bulls' calls.
Elk Viewing and Protection
Elk can be seen in the park all year long. In the summer, large herds are found in alpine areas and along Trail Ridge Road. In the autumn, elk congregate in the Kawuneeche Valley, Horseshoe Park, Moraine Park, and Upper Beaver Meadows. Watch for elk along the edges of clearings early in the morning or in the evenings. Bugling is more often heard at dawn and dusk.
To minimize disturbance to the animals and to ensure a pleasant experience for visitors, please observe these viewing guidelines.
Elk History in Rocky Mountain National Park
North American elk, or wapiti, were once plentiful in the Rocky Mountain National Park area. As Euro-Americans settled the Estes Valley, they hunted elk intensively sending much of the meat to market in Denver. By 1890 few, if any, elk remained.
In 1913 and 1914, before the national park's establishment, The Estes Valley Improvement Association and United States Forest Service transplanted 49 elk from Yellowstone National Park to this area. Around the same time, an all-out effort began to eliminate predators - including the gray wolf and the grizzly bear. The resulting decrease in predators and hands-off management of elk hastened the recovery of Rocky's elk population. The population grew to record high numbers in the late 1990's causing deterioration of vegetation and other wildlife communities.
The current Elk and Vegetation Management Plan addresses these issues. The plan's goal is to maintain a more natural population of 600-800 elk in the park's low-elevation valleys during the winter. See the Elk and Vegetation Management page for more information.Our team of specialists and staff believe that informed patients are better equipped to make decisions regarding their health and well being. For your personal use, we have created an extensive patient library covering an array of educational topics. Browse through these diagnoses and treatments to learn more about topics of interest to you. Or, for a more comprehensive search of our entire Web site, enter your term(s) in the search bar provided.
As always, you can contact our office to answer any questions or concerns.
Understanding the basic construction of shoes will help you make more informed decisions and select shoes that fit your foot and needs.
Shoes are made up of five major components:
The material from which a shoe is made can affect fit and comfort. Softer materials decrease the amount of pressure the shoe places on the foot. Stiff materials can cause blisters. A counter may be used to stiffen the material around the heel and give added support to the foot.Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of Baden
Charles Frederick of Baden, painting by Johann Ludwig Kisling, 1806/1807.
|Grand Duke of Baden|
|Reign||12 May 1738 – 10 June 1811|
|Predecessor||Charles III William|
|Spouse||Caroline Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt
Louise Caroline, Baroness Geyer of Geyersberg
|Issue||Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden
Louis I, Grand Duke of Baden
Princess Louise Auguste
Leopold, Grand Duke of Baden
Prince Frederick Alexander
Princess Amalie von Fürstenberg
|Father||Frederick, Hereditary Prince of Baden-Durlach|
|Mother||Princess Amalia of Nassau-Dietz|
|Born||22 November 1728|
|Died||10 June 1811(aged 82)|
Charles Frederick, 1st Grand Duke of Baden (22 November 1728 – 10 June 1811) was Margrave, elector and later Grand Duke of Baden (initially only margrave of Baden-Durlach) from 1738 until his death.
He succeeded his grandfather as Margrave of Baden-Durlach in 1738, and ruled personally from 1746 until 1771, when he inherited Baden-Baden from the Bernhard Line. Upon inheriting the latter Margraviate, the original land of Baden was reunited. He was regarded as a good example of an enlightened despot, supporting schools, universities, jurisprudence, civil service, economy, culture, and urban development. He outlawed torture in 1767, and serfdom in 1783. He was elected a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society in 1747
In 1803 Charles Frederick became elector of Baden, and in 1806 the first grand duke of Baden. Through the politics of minister Sigismund Freiherr von Reitzenstein, Baden acquired the Bishopric of Constance, and the territories of the Bishopric of Basel, the Bishopric of Strassburg, and the Bishopric of Speyer that lay on the right bank of the Rhine, in addition to Breisgau and Ortenau.
In 1806 Baden joined the Confederation of the Rhine.
Together with his architect, Friedrich Weinbrenner, Charles Frederick was responsible for the construction of the handsome suite of classical buildings that distinguish Karlsruhe. He died in the latter city in 1811.
Marriages and children
Charles Frederick and Caroline Louise had the following children:
- Charles Louis, Hereditary Prince of Baden (14 February 1755 – 16 December 1801); his son, Charles, succeeded Charles Frederick as Grand Duke upon the latter's death in 1811.
- Prince Frederick of Baden (29 August 1756 – 28 May 1817); married on 9 December 1791 Louise of Nassau-Usingen (16 August 1776 – 19 February 1829), the daughter of Duke Frederick of Nassau-Usingen.
- Prince Louis of Baden (9 February 1763 – 30 March 1830); married Countess Katharina Werner of Langenstein in 1818. Louis succeeded his nephew Charles as 3rd Grand Duke in 1818.
- Son (29 July 1764 – 29 July 1764).
- Princess Louise Auguste of Baden (8 January 1767 – 11 January 1767).
Charles Frederick married Louise Caroline, Baroness Geyer of Geyersberg as his second wife on 24 November 1787. She was the daughter of Lt. Col. Louis Henry Philipp, Baron Geyer of Geyersberg and his wife Maximiliana Christiane, Countess of Sponeck. She was born on 26 May 1768 and died on 23 July 1820. This was a morganatic marriage, and the children born of it were not eligible to succeed. Louise was created Baroness of Hochberg at the time of her marriage and Countess of Hochberg in 1796; both titles were also borne by her children.
They had the following children:
- Prince Leopold of Baden (29 August 1790 – 24 April 1852); later succeeded as HRH Leopold I, Grand Duke of Baden. Married on 25 July 1819 in Karlsruhe his half-grand-niece, HRH Princess Sophie of Sweden (21 May 1801 – 6 July 1865), eldest daughter of the former King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden and Frederica of Baden.
- Prince William of Baden (8 April 1792 – 11 October 1859).
- Prince Frederick Alexander of Baden (10 June 1793 – 18 June 1793).
- Princess Amalie of Baden (26 January 1795 – 14 September 1869); married on 19 April 1818 Charles Egon II of Fürstenberg (28 October 1796 – 22 October 1854).
- Prince Maximilian of Baden (8 December 1796 – 6 March 1882).
By 1817, the descendants of Charles Frederick by his first wife were dying out. To prevent Baden from being inherited by the next heir (his brother-in-law King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria), the reigning Grand Duke, Charles (grandson of the first Grand Duke), changed the succession law to give the Hochberg family full dynastic rights in Baden. They thus became Princes and Princesses of Baden with the style Grand Ducal Highness, like their elder half-siblings. Their succession rights were reinforced when Baden was granted a constitution in 1818, and recognised by Bavaria and the Great Powers in the Treaty of Frankfurt, 1819. Leopold's descendants ruled the Grand Duchy of Baden until 1918. The current pretenders to the throne of Baden are descendants of Leopold.
Leopold, the eldest son from the second marriage, succeeded as Grand Duke in 1830.
- von Weech, Friedrich von. "Karl Friedrich, Großherzog von Baden" (Online edition). Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie 15 (1882) (in German). pp. 241–248. Retrieved 26 July 2010.
- "Library and Archive Catalogue". Royal Society. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
- Frei, Alfred; Kurt Hochstuhl; G. Braun (1996). Wegbereiter der Demokratie (in German). G. Braun Buchverlag. ISBN 3-7650-8168-X.
Charles Frederick, Grand Duke of BadenBorn: 22 November 1728 Died
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can be any of a number of species of bacteria and more than one species may be present. All cats with this form of pyoderma are assumed to have suppressed immune systems.
Diagnosis In-depth for Skin Infection in Cats
Your veterinarian will take a thorough medical history and examine all body systems. Other medical tests will be necessary to establish the diagnosis.
Microscopic examination. Your veterinarian may open a pustule and apply the material within the pustule to a microscope slide. The slide is then stained and viewed under a microscope. The presence of pyoderma will reveal bacteria with white blood cells, especially neutrophils.
He may also make an impression of the discharge from a draining sore seen with deep pyoderma by pressing a slide to the lesion. This slide can be stained and examined under the microscope.
Culture and antibiotic sensitivity. In cases of deep pyoderma lesions, this test must be done to identify the bacteria responsible and to select the most appropriate antibiotic. Cultures of superficial pyoderma pustules are rarely done, since they nearly always grow Staphylococcus intermedius.
Visualization. Your veterinarian can usually diagnose surface pyoderma by visualization of the lesion. Hot spots have a characteristic appearance of a moist, red skin lesion with sudden hair loss. Skin fold pyoderma is a red, moist lesion associated with a skin fold. Hot spots are triggered by an itchy skin problem. Thus, diagnostics to determine the itchy underlying cause may be necessary, especially with recurrent hot spots. Often, flea allergy is the culprit.
Superficial pyoderma may cause a cat to be itchy. This can cause confusion in the diagnostic process since itching may lead to pyoderma. The veterinarian may ask if your cat’s lesions preceded the itching or if the itching preceded the lesions. If the itching came first, then a pruritic underlying cause is suspected. If the lesions appeared first, then immune suppression may be the cause.
If itching is suspected, the following tests may be done to determine the source of the problem:
Examination of the skin and hair with a flea comb for fleas and lice
A skin scraping to look for mites and other microscopic parasites
Fungal cultures to rule out ringworm fungus (dermatophytes). These skin fungi may cause itching and lead to a secondary pyoderma.
Allergy testing or a food trial to rule out food allergy in chronic cases of pyoderma
In cases where superficial pyoderma is suspected to be caused by immune suppression and in all cases of deep pyoderma, tests are needed to look for the cause of the immune deficiency. Examples include:
Tests for Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism), a disease where the adrenal glands make too much of a hormone called cortisol. One effect of the excessive cortisol can be immune suppression.
Severe, chronic illnesses, such as cancer, can suppress the immune system.
Treatment In-depth for Skin Infection in Cats
Treatment for pyoderma involves treatment of the underlying cause and elimination of the resulting infection.
Surface pyodermas such as hot spots are best treated by clipping of the wound and cleaning with an agent that kills the surface bacteria. Antibiotics often are not needed since the bacteria is on the skin surface and not within or beneath the skin. The source of the itching that led to the hot spot must be identified and treated (e. g. fleas). Skin fold pyoderma is treated by clipping hair from the fold and cleaning with an agent to kill the bacteria. Recurrence of the problem may require surgical removal of the fold.
Superficial pyoderma is treated with antibiotics that are effective against Staph. intermedius. This type of bacteria does not respond to some of the more common antibiotics such as penicillin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, or tetracycline. Thus, more potent antibiotics must be used. Three weeks of treatment is usually required for effective therapy.
Superficial pyoderma often responds to a appropriate antibiotic when it is used long enough. However, unless the underlying cause is also addressed, the infection often recurs soon after treatment is stopped. Diagnosis and treatment of the underlying cause is essential to long-term success. The most commonly used antibiotics include cepahlexin, Clavulanic acid-amoxicillin (Clavamox), Clindamycin, and Cefovecin injectable (Convenia).. Antibiotics are often given for 3 – 4 weeks or at least 1 to 2 weeks after all symptoms are resolved. Other antibiotics used include cefpodoxine, cefadroxil, azithromycin, erythromycin, doxycycline, oxacillin, lincomycin, tylocin, difloxacin, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, orbifloxacin, and trimethoprim sulfa.
In cases where the underlying cause can not be determined, antibacterial shampoos may be helpful in preventing recurrence. Examples of antibacterial shampoos are those that contain benzoyl peroxide, ethyl lactate, povidone-iodine or chlorhexidine. It is important to give the shampoo appropriate contact time with the skin which is generally 10 to 16 minutes. Hair should be trimmed or clipped off affected areas.
Creams and lotions that contain the above chemicals may be useful for treatment of small lesions. Most cases of pyoderma affect a large area of the body, making this approach impractical.
Injections of immune stimulants or immune modulators such as staphage lysate may be helpful. These are usually reserved for cases that do not respond to more traditional treatment.
Deep pyoderma must be aggressively treated with antibiotics selected from culture and bacterial sensitivity. The bacteria that are isolated from the lesions are incubated with several antibiotics in culture media to see which ones can kill those particular bacteria. Antibiotics must be given until a few weeks after all lesions are resolved. Often, 6-12 weeks of treatment is necessary.
The immune problem that is underlying the deep pyoderma must be determined and treated to achieve success.
Whirlpool baths may be helpful, as an aid in treating deep pyoderma is your vet has this available.
Home Care for Skin Infection in Cats
Optimal treatment for your cat requires a combination of home and professional veterinary care. Follow-up can be critical, especially if your cat does not improve rapidly.
Most cases of surface and superficial pyoderma respond well to the therapy outlined above and therefore require little follow–up, unless the case is recurrent or never resolves. Deep pyoderma requires regular recheck exams to monitor for progress.
Be sure to administer all prescribed medication as directed, and alert your veterinarian if you are experiencing problems treating your cat. Antibiotics can have side effects that may require the antibiotic to be stopped temporarily or to be changed to a different medication. The most common side effects are related to irritation of the stomach and intestines. Thus, vomiting or diarrhea may occur. More severe drug reactions may occur but are uncommon. Be sure to let your veterinarian know if any new symptoms occur with antibiotic therapy.
Prognosis for Pyoderma in Cats
The prognosis for pyoderma is good with appropriate therapy. Identification and treatment of the underlying factors causing the pyoderma is essential.گاهی در شکایات حقوقی که علیه ما مطرح میشود، حکمی به ضرر ما صادر میشود، این حکم قطعی نیست و میتوان به طرق مختلف نسبت به رای صادر شده توسط دادگاه اعتراض کرد و موجب اجرای اعاده دادرسی حقوقی شد.
من کجام؟ اینجا کجاست؟
در جوابکو میتونید در مورد هر موضوعی سوال کنید، به سوالای بقیه جواب بدید و تجربهتون رو به اشتراک بگذارید!
اعاده دادرسی موجب میشود که دادرسیای که منجر به صدور حکم قطعی شده، با درخواست محکوم علیه که در فرایند دادرسی حضور داشته است، دوباره در همان مرجعی که رأی را صادر کرده است امکانپذیر بشود و حکم به لحاظ ماهیتی دوباره مورد بررسی آن مرجع قرار بگیرد.Join Laurie Burruss for an in-depth discussion in this video Exploring common device ownership models, part of iPad Classroom: The Basics.
Currently there are three models for the iPad classroom. The one-iPad classroom. The student-owned device, bring your own device, it's called BYOD. And finally, the school-owned iPad. It can either be personal, or institutional. In the One-iPad classroom, it is literally the teacher and probably 25 students with one iPad. It's best done with a laptop and a WiFi network for syncing. In order to have a one-iPad classroom, it's important to discuss sharing the iPad with the students and to come up with rules and time management for that. Often the teacher projects and demos from the Ipad. But the teacher can also setup a campfire style and work in small groups. The teacher can assign the iPad to a group of students. They can go off and work on a project.
Its a project based learning approach. And its important to rotate through the teams and set time limits. the teacher can also pass the iPad from student to student. For example, reading or recording for narration, where the student says their name at the beginning and then records some important information or a response. Again, setting up a rotation schedule will make it much, much better for everyone. Some teachers do student drawings, you can actually win a day with the iPad. The way I've heard the system working the best is the teacher does a drawing.
If there are 25 students there are 25 numbers. And every student pulls a number and that's the day they are assigned. And when that rotation is completed they start again with a new drawing. For small groups, the teacher leads, passes the iPad to the students. And, again, makes sure that there's equal time for sharing. There are a lot of techniques for a one iPad classroom. You have to be a little bit more strategic. You can use it for your own personal management of the class or for doing projects with your students, calendars, group annotation.
Class blog, archiving, capturing webpages, group reading or group activities, collaborative ebooks. Actually setting up a class researcher just like we use to go to the dictionary at the back of the room. For historical references, for magazines, for newspapers, for field trips. And often used techinique is to let each student in the class have a chance to take photos, to make videos, and to do voice narration. And then when they get back to the classroom, put that together to make a multi-media piece. Quizzes and flash cards, and I've even heard of teachers communicating with apps and students synchronously or asynchronously.
And the rest of the class gets to see that student in video chat. Brain storming is always great. Then, the old reliables of DropBox, GoodReader, VoiceThread. Any kinds of applications that sync with the laptop or the Cloud. I'd like to show you a couple of internet sites. In Elementary Ed Tech, the teachers actually created some data about the uses of a single iPad classroom. Whether it was for projection, or gathering it around, or passing it around. And then they gave some different systems and strategies for making it equitable amongst the students. In Elizabeth's blog, she goes into quite a bit of detail on her strategies and gives you some really specific examples of how to implement the one iPad classroom.
She goes through the set up and projection, then she talks about finding apps. And then she puts some of her favorite apps for communicating and sharing. It's a great blog and a great way for a teacher to get up and running in a one-iPad classroom. The second model is the student owned device model, or what is currently being called, BYOD, bring your own device. In this model, the user, the student and or the family purchases the iPad.
The user owns the content and manages the account. It is important for the school to communicate to the student and to the parents, what apps are needed for specific courses and lessons at that school. The school provides WiFi, AirPlay enabled printers and projection solutions. Some of the models I've heard to make this accessible to all the families include . There's buying the iPad outright or loaning the iPad from the school to the family or the student for a fixed amount of money that covers the insurance if it's lost or stolen.
And finally leasing the iPad in small monthly increments. So during the duration of the tenure of the student whether it's four, six or two years the student and the family actually pay off the cost of the iPad. In the third model, the school-owned device model, there's two ways I've seen it used. There's the personal ownership model and the institutional ownership model. In the institutional model, it's usually a one on one classroom set. In the personal ownership model it's a one on one as well. The school-owned iPad is supplied to each student in the program. And the student has 24/7 access to the iPad and can take it freely to school and from home.
This cost of the iPad is usually rolled into the tuition, where the fees that are attached with that class or that school. The user owns the account, the content, and manages the account. The most popular, and what I see the fastest growing model being used by many, many schools across the country from K through 12 and in higher ed, is the Institutional ownership model. Where the school actually provides a classroom set of iPads, so that every student has access to an iPad, but only in the classroom setting.
Content from both the user and the institution can coexist on this device. All iTunes accounts and apps are managed and synced by the institution. The students do not use their personal iTunes account. In this model, there is typically a manager of the volume purchasing program that you can get through Apple. You can purchase apps with purchase orders, the volume vouchers, credit cards, pc cards, or Paypal accounts. The teachers check out the iPad classroom, anywhere from a day to an entire semester, to an entire school year.
The teacher needs to feel comfortable with integrating technology in the program. And to be able to actively demonstrate that they're using the devices for teaching and learning within their program. I highly suggest that the classroom space be flexible and adaptable. Tables and chairs work much better than theater rows. In the 3 models, take the time to examine and explore the functions of the iPad within your classroom and your curriculum and your institution. You, your colleagues and staff will determine what model to implement.
With a plan, an implementation in place, the teacher is ready for creating a learning environment for the iPad classroom. The opportunities to refresh and infuse your teaching in your class will make using the iPad fun. And allow you to bring flexibility, versatility, mobility, portability, adaptability and agility to your classroom. It's also a chance to focus again on learning goals that promote critical thinking, creativity, collaboration and creation of student centric learning environments.
- Exploring common device ownership models
- Using iPads with a learning management system (LMS)
- Downloading apps
- Setting up the master sync
- Projecting from an iPad
- Printing with AirPrint
- Sharing content with Dropbox
- Creating an iPad photo gallery
- Browsing the web
- Exploring the world with MapsIl differenza principale tra JAR e WAR Files è che il I file JAR sono i file che hanno file di classe Java, metadati associati e risorse aggregate in un singolo file per eseguire un'applicazione Java mentre i file WAR sono i file che contengono Servlet, JSP, HTML, JavaScript e altri file necessari per lo sviluppo di applicazioni Web.
Java è un linguaggio di programmazione generale ad alto livello che viene utilizzato per sviluppare applicazioni per vari domini. Java è popolare a causa di molteplici ragioni. Il codice sorgente Java viene compilato su un codice intermedio chiamato bytecode. Qualsiasi piattaforma con Java Virtual Machine (JVM) può eseguire questo bytecode. Pertanto, Java è indipendente dalla piattaforma. Inoltre, Java è robusto, sicuro e supporta il multithreading. Due tipi di file correlati alla programmazione Java sono JAR e WAR.
JAR, Java, JVM, WAR
Un file JAR è un file che contiene tutti i componenti per creare un'applicazione Java eseguibile autonoma. Inoltre, un file JAR include codice sorgente Java compilato, file manifest, dati di configurazione basati su XML, file di dati basati su JSON, immagini e audio. È un'aggregazione di tutti questi file in un singolo file compresso. La compressione di tutti i file aiuta a ridurre la dimensione dell'applicazione. Inoltre, rende più semplice spostare il file JAR sulla rete tra piattaforme diverse.
Figura 1: aggiunta di file Java
Ogni Java Development Kit (JDK) include un'utilità JAR per supportare i file JAR. Permette di creare nuovi file JAR con un file manifest ed estrarre tutto il contenuto di un file JAR sul file system. Inoltre, l'utilità JAR aiuta ad aggiornare i file JAR esistenti.
Un file WAR contiene file relativi a un progetto web. Contiene file servlet, JSP, XML, HTML, CSS e JavaScript che possono essere distribuiti su qualsiasi contenitore servlet / JSP. Lo strumento jar di JDK aiuta a creare un file WAR. Questi file si trovano nella cartella WEB-INF del progetto. Un file WAR combina tutti i file in una singola unità. Pertanto, è necessario un tempo minimo per trasferire un file dal client al server.
Figura 2: Applicazione Web JSP
Esistono due metodi per distribuire un file WAR: utilizzando il pannello di controllo del server o manualmente disponendo il file war in una cartella specifica del server. Se il programmatore desidera distribuire manualmente un file WAR in un server come Apache Tomcat, può accedere alla directory webapps di Tomcat e incollare il file WAR in quella directory. In caso contrario, durante l'esecuzione del progetto Web, il server estrae internamente il file WAR.
Un file JAR è un file con classi Java, metadati associati e risorse come testo, immagini aggregate in un unico file. Un file WAR è un file che viene utilizzato per distribuire una raccolta di file JAR, JSP, Servlet, file XML, pagine Web statiche come HTML e altre risorse che costituiscono un'applicazione Web. Quindi, questo spiega la principale differenza tra JAR e WAR Files.
Il file JAR sta per Java Archive. Il file WAR sta per Web Application Resource o Web Application Archive.
Inoltre, un file JAR ha l'estensione del file .jar mentre un file WAR ha l'estensione del file .war.
I file JAR includono codice sorgente Java compilato, file manifest, dati di configurazione basati su XML, file di dati basati su JSON, immagini e audio. Al contrario, i file WAR contengono file servlet, JSP, XML, HTML, CSS e, JavaScript. Quindi, questa è un'altra differenza tra JAR e WAR Files.
Il loro utilizzo attribuisce ad un'altra differenza tra JAR e WAR Files. Questo è; un file JAR consente a Java Runtime Environment (JRE) di distribuire un'intera applicazione incluse le classi e le risorse associate in una singola richiesta. D'altra parte, un file WAR consente di testare e distribuire facilmente un'applicazione web.
La principale differenza tra JAR e WAR Files è il loro contenuto. I file JAR sono i file con file di classe Java, metadati associati e risorse aggregate in un singolo file per eseguire un'applicazione Java. Considerando che, i file WAR sono i file che contengono Servlet, JSP, HTML, JavaScript e altri file necessari per lo sviluppo di applicazioni Web.
1. "JAR (File Format)." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 26
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places it at least 50 years later, between 1521 and 1557. Several other Ontario Iroquoian sites lacking large trade good assemblages vary by several decades to around 50 years or so from conventional dates based on our work.
My colleagues and I have also investigated a number of sites in the Mohawk Valley, in New York state. During the 16th and early 17th centuries, the Mohawk and Hudson Rivers formed a key transport route from the Atlantic coast inland for Europeans and their trade goods. Again, we found that radiocarbon dating casts doubt on the conventional time frame attributed to a number of sites in the area.
Biases that led to misguided timelines
Why was some of the previous chronology wrong?
The answer seems to be that scholars viewed the topic through a pervasive colonial lens. Researchers mistakenly assumed that trade goods were equally available, and desired, all over the region, and considered all indigenous groups as the same.
To the contrary, it was Wendat custom, for example, that the lineage whose members first discovered a trade route claimed rights to it. Such “ownership” could be a source of power and status. Thus it would make sense to see uneven distributions of certain trade goods, as mediated by the controlling groups. Some people were “in,” with access, and others may have been “out.”
Ethnohistoric records indicate cases of indigenous groups rejecting contact with Europeans and their goods. For example, Jesuit missionaries described an entire village no longer using French kettles because the foreigners and their goods were blamed for disease.
There are other reasons European goods do or do not show up in the archaeological record. How near or far a place was from transport routes, and local politics, both within and between groups, could play a role. Whether Europeans made direct contact, or there were only indirect links, could affect availability. Objects used and kept in settlements could also vary from those intentionally buried in cemeteries.
Above all, the majority of sites are only partly investigated at best, some are as yet unknown. And sadly the archaeological record is affected by the looting and destruction of sites.
Only a direct dating approach removes the Eurocentric and historical lens, allowing an independent time frame for sites and past narratives.
Effects of re-dating indigenous history
Apart from changing the dates for textbooks and museum displays, the re-dating of a number of Iroquoian sites raises major questions about the social, political and economic history of indigenous communities.
For example, conventionally, researchers place the start of a shift to larger and fortified communities, and evidence of increased conflict, in the mid-15th century.
However, our radiocarbon dates find that some of the key sites are from a century later, dating from the mid-16th to start of the 17th centuries. The timing raises questions of whether and how early contacts with Europeans did or did not play a role. This period was also during the peak of what’s called the Little Ice Age, perhaps indicating the changes in indigenous settlements have some association with climate challenge.
Our new radiocarbon dates indicate the correct time frame; they pose, but do not answer, many other remaining questions.
[You’re smart and curious about the world. So are The Conversation’s authors and editors. You can read us daily by subscribing to our newsletter.]This was originally posted on http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-an-earpiece.htm, credit should go them as this is a interesting article.
Broadly speaking, an earpiece refers to anything that functions by either covering the ear, or hanging near the ear. In this broad category are the parts of an eyeglass frame that extend over the ear, and any material specifically designed to fit into the ear and block off the entry of sound or water. The most common meaning of an "earpiece" however is an electronic device that converts electronic signals into sound waves, and directs them into the ear. In this context, the earpiece can also be called an electronic-acoustic transducer.
Originally, the earpiece was the only way of listening to electronically-generated audio signals. Thereafter, amplifiers were developed, and the role of earpieces became more a matter of personal preference than necessity. Nowadays, earpieces are used for convenience â" where privacy is desired, or where mobility is important. Depending on its design, an earpiece can also be variously known as headphones, ear buds, stereo phones or headsets.
what is an earpieceEarpieces can be organized broadly into two categories â" wired earpieces and cordless or wireless earpieces. The wireless types use either radio waves or infrared signals to connect to the signal sources. Earpieces for CD players, computers or mobile phones are some examples. A signal transmission link is used, like Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi.
The wired earpiece has to be physically attached to a signal source. To facilitate this, jacks at the end of the cords are inserted into the signal source. Jack sizes have been standardized, and the most common size is the 3.5 millimeter (about 0.2 inches) that was brought into the market by the Sony Company in 1979. The much older, 1/4 inch (about 6.4 mm) jack is now used only in professional equipment. When wiring up the stereo jacks, the tip is always the left channel, the portion in between is the right channel, and the outer sleeve is the ground.
The use of ear buds has a profound impact on how one perceives sound. This is because an earpiece feeds the sound directly into the eardrums, without the normal acoustic contouring by the listenerâs head and outer ear that normal loudspeakers give scope for. Lacking these spatial references, the brain then imagines the sound to be in a straight line within the head and between the ears. This strips the sound of its 3 dimensional effect, otherwise produced by the normal loudspeakers.
From their shapes and sizes, earpieces can be placed into four categories. The circum-aural types have large pads that surround the outer ear. They are most commonly used in recording studios. The supra-aural headphones fit just over the ear, without fully surrounding it. Ear buds are designed to fit inside outer earâs canal. However, they donât fully cover the canal, and exterior sounds can still be heard around them. In contrast, canal phones, the fourth category, fit snugly into the earâs canal, and effectively block off the external sounds.Bats and dolphins are famous for using echolocation to help navigate their surroundings.
In contrast, humans normally rely on vision to navigate. When vision is impaired, however, we can learn to rely on echolocation. Although it is rare to find people who rely solely on hearing:
Categories: Intelligence and Neuroscience, Nature's Solutions
Tags: bat, echolocation, health, human, neuroscience, physiology
Leave a ReplyIl Sonification Handbook (AA.VV., a cura di Thomas Hermann, Andy Hunt, John G. Neuhoff) è scaricabile gratuitamente (e legalmente) in versione PDF da questa pagina (guardate nella colonna di destra “download the book”) da cui è anche acquistabile in versione stampata. È possibile anche scaricare i singoli capitoli.
Questo libro è una presentazione introduttiva, ma completa delle aree chiave della ricerca nei campi interdisciplinari di sonificazione e visualizzazione uditiva (auditory display). I capitoli sono scritti da esperti e coprono una vasta gamma di temi centrali. Possono essere letti dall’inizio alla fine, o indipendentemente l’uno dall’altro secondo necessità (come il menu di un ricco buffet).
La sonificazione trasmette informazioni utilizzando suoni non vocali. Ascoltare i dati sotto forma di suono o rumore può essere un’esperienza sorprendentemente nuova con diverse applicazioni che vanno da nuove interfacce per i non vedenti all’analisi dei dati in molti campi scientifici.
Questo testo fornisce una solida introduzione al campo della visualizzazione uditiva (auditory display), delle tecniche per sonificazione, delle tecnologie adeguate a sviluppare algoritmi di sonificazione, e delle aree di applicazione più promettenti. Il libro è accompagnato daun’archivio online di esempi sonori.بر اساس رمان “اعترافات یک قاتل” از فیلیپ میدواس تیلور منتشر شده در سال ۱۸۳۹، این فیلم درباره یک قاتل به نام آمیر علی و باند او هست، که با انجام خلاف های بزرگ چالش جدی برای امپراتوری بریتانیا در هند بین سال های ۱۷۹۰ تا ۱۸۰۵ بود و…
کارگردان :Vijay Krishna Acharya
نویسندگان :Vijay Krishna Acharya
جهت ادامه فعالیت سایت و تامین هزینه ها نیازمند حمایت شما همراهان عزیز هستیم.
لطفا جهت ادامه فعالیت سایت ماهانه با بسته انتخابی خود ما را حمایت کنید.mRNA Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Differ in Antibody Response
Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA vaccines provoke different levels of antibody response within and between age groups.
The Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna mRNA COVID-19 vaccines differ in the levels of antibody response they provoke, according to results from a head-to-head comparison and the analysis by age of the vaccine recipients.
Jeffrey Wilson, MD, PhD., Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, and colleagues obtained quantitative assays for IgG to SARS-CoV-2 spike-receptor binding domain (RBD) and nucleocapsid after the 1st dose for some, and after the 2nd dose for all of the cohort of 167 vaccine recipients.
The investigators did not measure neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), which they acknowledge as a limitation in the study but note that others have established good correlation between the SARS-CoV-2 binding and neutralizing antibodies.
"One of the reasons we believe that studying binding antibodies (Abs) is important is that it is the only test that is readily available at low cost and can be implemented at scale," Wilson explained to Contagion. "This is not true for assays that measure nAbs or B or T cell memory."
Wilson commented on the purpose and limits of this study, characterizing it as "a small piece of a big puzzle."
"A comprehensive comparison of the two vaccines would require analysis of nAbs, B cell memory and T cells," Wilson said. "However there is already good data showing a strong correlation between binding Abs and nAbs and all of these immune metrics are indirect markers of the most important outcome, which is protection from infection and/or clinical disease."
The median age of the 167 vaccine recipients was 42 (interquartile range, 32-57 years), with 63 recipients (38%) aged 50 years or greater.There were no statistically significant differences between the vaccine groups in their numbers by age, sex or race.
The investigators found lower Abs levels in recipients of the mRNA vaccine from Pfizer-BioNTech than from Moderna; at both 14-28 days after the first dose, 5.9μg/ml (95% CI, 3.7-9.69μg/ml) vs 19.19μg/ml (15.8-23.19μg/ml), and 7-31 days after the 2nd dose, 45.9 μg/ml (37.0-57.0 μg/ml) vs 68.5 μg/ml (61.9-75.7).
Lower antibody levels after one or both injections were found with the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine than with the Moderna vaccine in those 50 years of age or older; and these were lower than in younger recipients of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The levels achieved with the Moderna vaccine, however, were not statistically different between age groups. The investigators suggest that the apparent difference in immunogenicity observed in older adults might be attributed to the 30μg of mRNA contained in the Pfizer product vs 100 μg in the Moderna formulation.
"I think our study suggests that regulatory agencies should be taking a careful look at the data, looking specifically at outcomes in high-risk groups," Wilson said. "Although on aggregate both mRNA vaccines are performing well, it is possible that there are differences in certain populations that could warrant a recommendation. Of course, there is already precedent for this sort of thing in influenza, where the high dose FluZone is targeted to subjects 65 and over."
The investigators recommend additional studies to determine whether binding antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 can be used to predict clinical protection against COVID-19, and Wilson cautioned against expecting these to reveal a short-cut in vaccine development in the near-term.
"Until an immune correlate of protection is identified, I don't think there is a way around large population-based studies," Wilson said.Kur'an-ı Kerim ve Türkçe Meali Sayfa 575
20. Şüphe yok ki Rabbin daha iyi bilir, gerçekten de senin, gecenin üçte ikisinden ve yarısından daha az ve bâzı vakitlerde de üçte biri kadar bir zamânında kalktığını ve seninle berâber bulunanların bir bölüğünün de kalktıklarını ve Allah, gecenin ve gündüzün vakitlerini ölçer; bilmiştir ki siz, onu lâyıkıyla hesaplayamazsınız, bu yüzden de tövbenizi kabûl etmiştir, artık, Kur'ân'dan, kolay geleni okuyun; bilmiştir ki sizden hastalar bulunabilir ve bir başka kısmınız da Allah'ın lütfünü, ihsânını elde etmek için yeryüzünde yolculuk eder ve başka bir bölük de Allah yolunda savaşır, artık, ondan, kolay geleni okuyun ve kılın namazı ve verin zekâtı ve Allah'a, güzel bir borç verin ve kendiniz için, önceden ne hayır yaparsanız ondan daha hayırlısıyla ve mükâfat bakımından daha büyüğüyle bulursunuz onu Allah katında ve yarlıganma dileyin Allah'tan ve şüphe yok ki Allah, suçları örter, rahîmdir.
1. Ey elbisesiyle başını örten.
2. Kalk da korkut.
3. Ve Rabbini büyük bil.
4. Ve elbiseni temizle.
5. Ve putlardan çekin.
6. Ve birşeyi, daha fazlasını elde etmek için ve başa kakarak verme.
7. Ve Rabbine dayan, sabret.
8. O boru, çalınınca.
9. Artık o gündür pek güç bir gün.
10. Kâfirlere kolay değildir.
11. Bırak beni ve yarattığımı yapayalnız.
12. O yarattığımı ki yarattım ve ona hayliden hayli mal verdim.
13. Gözlerinin önünde duran oğullar verdim.
14. Ve onun geçimini yaydım da yaydım.
15. Sonra da daha fazlalaştırmamı umar.
16. Hayır, mümkün değil; şüphe yok o, delillerimize karşı adamakıllı inada girişti.
17. Ben de onu, rahat ve huzur yüzü görmeyeceği bir azâba uğratacağım.Nochi ( Vitex negundo ) is one of the very useful plant in Indian System of medicine, widely used in all systems of treatment – Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy, and Allopathy. It is also commonly used in folk medicine in India, Bangladesh, China, Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Japan.
True to its meaning in Sanskrit (that which keeps the body free from all diseases). Nochi is considered as an effective Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and anti-fungal. It is used to treat a wide range of ailments, ranging from Sinus Infection, headache, to migraine, from skin affections to wounds, and swelling, asthmatic pains, male and female sexual and reproductive problems.
Referred to as sindhuvara in Ayurveda, Nochi has been used as medicine since ancient times. It is taken both internally and externally. The whole plant, leaves, leaf oil, roots, fruits, and seeds are administered in the treatment of specific diseases. However, in Ayurveda, the leaves, roots, and bark are the most important parts.
People sleep on pillows stuffed with Vitex negundo leaves to get rid of catarrh (secretion of excess mucus through nose and throat because of cold) and headache and smoke the leaves for relief. Crushed leaf poultice is applied to cure headaches, neck gland sores, tubercular neck swellings and sinusitis. A leaf decoction with Piper nigrum is used in catarrhal fever with heaviness of head and dull hearing.
Detailed studies have established anti-inflammatory properties of Vitex negundo extracts in acute and sub-acuteinflammation. Anti-inflammatory and pain suppressing activities of fresh leaves of the plant are attributed to prostaglandin synthesis inhibition, antihistamine, membrane stabilizing and antioxidant activities
Vitex negundo has been found to highly effective against the fungus Altenaria alternate, Curvularia lunata, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Cryptococcus neoformans, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Fusarium solani, Microsporum canis etc*
A popular quote of the Western Himalayas says that a man can not die of disease in a region where Nochi (Vitex negundo), Adhatoda vasica and Acorus calamus are found, obviously, if he knows appropriate usage of the plants. Even in the Indian traditional community, Vitex negundo is also known as “sarvaroganivarini”, the remedy for all diseases. A large inventory of literature is available regarding this plant that includes traditional, biochemical, ethnobotanical and pharmacological experiments, observations and inferences.
Besides being a popular home remedy for sinus infection, Nochi is reported to have expectorant, carminative, digestive, antiseptic, antipyretic, diuretic and , Analgesic, Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Antifungal, rejuvenating, and tonic properties. The oil prepared with the juice of the leaves is very popular for relieving pains. Roots and leaves are used in eczema, ringworm and other skin diseases, liver disorders, spleen enlargement, rheumatic pain, gout, abscess, backache; seeds are used as vermicide. This plant is also proved for its cardioprotective property. It is also used to control population of mosquitoes.
Legal Disclaimer: All the products are for personal use and not for resale.The product description has not been evaluated by the food & drug administration(FDA). The product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any diseases. Information on this website is not an alternative to medical advice from your doctor or other professional healthcare provider. Please consult your physician, or health care provider before taking any home remedies. Read more about our disclaimer https://www.yogisherbs.com/medical-disclaimer/A Mere Man Considers Breakfast.
A breakfast should consist:-
A. Of a fundamental dish.
B. Of one or more trifling accessories for the benefit of (1) thos who are so hungry that the fundamental
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It writes further, such young, working US adults also had less risk factors for heart disease compared to those who didn’t followed similar diet.
Mediterranean diet include food items like fruits, vegetables, nuts, beans, whole-grain breads, olives, olive oil and cereals, which are healthy monounsaturated fat.
The Mediterranean-style diet also counts on eating fish rich in omega-3 fatty acids such as sardines, trout, tuna and salmon, and also having wine and poultry with meals in moderate amount.
The diet does not allow too much consumption of sweets, processed meat and also red meats. As a result it leads to lower risk of deaths from high blood pressure, obesity and type 2 diabetes apart from other types of heart diseases.
Stefanos Kales, one of the authors of the study, says an individual is on the wrong track if consumes a burger, soda and fries. He adds it is better to eat chicken or grilled fish with salad instead of fries and burger.
Kales is also an associate professor at the Harvard School of Public Health and Cambridge Health Alliance and he suggests everyone to eat delicious food in a different way and enjoy the food.
Copyright 2015 The Almagest
The Almagest LLC.Posted by Caroline on Wednesday, December 15, 2010 at 7:29pm.
Please help classify each word in the following sentence:
Put some cheese slices and bread on your plate.
- 3rd grade Shurley English - Gabby, Wednesday, December 15, 2010 at 8:25pm
some- indefinite adjective
slices-noun (direct object)
plate-noun(object of preposition)
- 3rd grade Shurley English - drwls, Wednesday, December 15, 2010 at 8:29pm
All are correct. That is very impressive for third grade level.
- 3rd grade Shurley English - Jen, Wednesday, December 15, 2010 at 9:13pm
The responses were not by the 3rd grader, only the question was.
- Math - Ana, Tuesday, January 4, 2011 at 4:42pm
Clara is placing the library books in counting order on the shelves. She has books numbered 849, 853, 774,and 836. How will she put them on the shelves.
- 3rd grade Shurley English - Classify a sentence, Monday, May 25, 2015 at 5:56pm
Show your new clubhouse in the backyard to nana and papa.
Answer This Question
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- Shurley English - My son has to classify each word in the sentence; The boys ...沃唐卡告知：由于一些唐卡画师的手机像素偏低，有的唐卡实拍图未必能清晰表达出整幅唐卡的效果，需要了解详情的朋友可联系沃唐卡，告知唐卡编号即可了解该唐卡的细节及相关介绍。
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祈请文介绍
在佛教里，有很多尊不同的护法；其中分为世间护法与出世间护法。世间护法是世间的有力众生，他们有些是自愿发心护持佛法及奉持正法的众生，有些则是受过往各大师降伏而以誓约所缚，命其护持佛法的世间众生。在承负护法之责任前，世间护法本为龙族、魔众等“非人”众生。出世间之护法则为佛陀之悲心化现所出之忿怒形相。上述两种护法之性质完全不同。
护法的工作是协助奉持正法的行者，为他们安排修行之顺缘及消灭内外的修持障碍。对修行者而言，外在的障碍只是其次，最主要的是降伏内心的障碍，所以我们必须倚重出世间护法之支持。对世间之护法，我们可以供养及祈请他们协助，但不可以依止他们；对出世间之护法，我们可以去依止，因为他们是诸佛之化相的一种。世间与出世间护法二者之间的分别，我们必须清楚，二者与修行人的关系幷不一样。
在出世间之众多护法中，以玛哈嘎拉 (Mahakala)、吉祥天母 (Palden Lhamo) 及法王嘎拉路巴 (Kalarupa) 等最为著名。
依宗喀巴大师所教示，行者宜依自己之程度而选择合宜依止之出世间护法。他们虽全为佛陀之化现，但因应不同根器之众生，他们之间仍是有分别的。
正在修持菩提道次第下士道的行者，宜依止法王嘎拉路巴，因为他是因果法之法主，能支持行者生起出离心；中士道之行者可依止多闻天王，因为他特别护持行者之戒行；上士道之行者宜依止玛哈嘎拉，因为他是大悲观音之忿相，能助我们生起菩提心及作菩萨行、赐予一切共与不共成就及除去任何外、内、密障。以上分类乃一般教法，大家亦可以一开始就依止玛哈嘎拉，总之各别看自己之缘份、过往因缘及传承关系而选择依止合意之护法即可。
六臂玛哈嘎拉
在观音大士生起菩提心的一刹那，他在阿弥陀佛面前发心立誓：“若我救度一切众生之心退转，我之头身当裂为千片！”在不断救度众生以后，大士见仍有无量众生在生死六道中受苦，故又继续以悲心救度。在一段时间后，他又再由净土中看下来，众生之数目仍然无量，他又再继续度生之事业。这样地重复数次、历经多劫以后，大士再一次观视，以为众生必已度尽了，但见六道中之众生仍然无量，似乎毫无减少之迹像。大士感到很灰心，显现出退心之情况，他的头及身体便马上应誓而裂成了千片。这时，他的上师阿弥陀佛马上现前，把他的身首碎片拾起,重合为千手十一面之相，更策励观音大士继续精进不懈。观音在这以后就想：“在末法期中，有什么方法可以令众生免于短寿、贫乏及昏乱而得成就呢？”，此时，大士心间之“吽”字化生出玛哈嘎拉，顿时大地震动，世上所有魔王皆生出惧畏的心。所以我们知道，玛哈嘎拉正是观音之悲心的忿相化现。玛哈嘎拉是男相护法之首，修持他的法门即等于同时修持一切男相护法的法门。
“玛哈嘎拉”是梵语，意思是“大黑”，但我们多尊称他为 “贡布” (Gonpo)，即藏语中 “怙主”的意思。玛哈嘎拉有六臂、四臂及白身等几十种化相，其传承有很悠久之历史。在西藏各派，他的不同化相都备受倚重，在我们格鲁派中当然亦不例外。
玛哈嘎拉是格鲁派所有寺院都供奉的护法，但其六臂相与大藏寺有特别殊胜之因缘，可以说：这尊各派中共通的护法与大藏寺有不共的密切关系。
现在随便说几个有关这护法与大藏寺的因缘：在大藏寺创建前，雅弘竹巴祖师看中了两块好地作建寺地点，难于抉择。这时候，有一只巨大乌鸦飞来，衔去了祖师手中之哈达，毕直地飞到其中一块地上的一棵柏树，把哈达挂了在树枝上。西藏人都认为乌鸦是护法的化相之一，所以祖师就依护法之建议，把树枝砍去了，然后绕着这棵大柏树干而建成大殿，创立了大藏寺。故此，大藏寺之建寺选地可说是由玛哈嘎拉亲自决定的！
在建寺期间，祖师遇上了很多障碍，于是他写了一封信予宗喀巴大师求示。这时乌鸦又出现了，祖师把信系在乌鸦身上，它就飞到当时正在拉萨的宗喀巴大师处，后来又带回了回信。祖师依着宗喀巴大师指示之除障法，最后建成了大藏寺。这只乌鸦后来飞入了一块鸟形的石头中，大家就把这石头供于护法殿顶上了。
在寺院建成以后，祖师因找不到造佛像之工匠而苦恼。这时候有三个黑人来到寺院，自称是由印度来的。祖师问他们有何专长，他们说自己精于造佛像，故此祖师就延请他们留下来为寺院造像，其中二人不愿意而继续上路去了，另一人同意留下。到寺院开光的时候，所有大小佛像都造好了，只余一尊六臂玛哈嘎拉像未造完，祖师也照原计划举行了竣工典礼。在聚会中，印度人带上了一个护法面具，表演一场法王舞。在跳舞时，他的身体越变越小，最后只剩下这个面具。众人马上去看那尊本来还未完成之护法像，发现护法像已经不知在什么时候完成了！大家都认为印度人其实是六臂玛哈嘎拉化现来帮助寺院的，他本人就融入了护法像中（注：此事亦记载于〈安多政教史〉一书中）。在这以后，大藏寺有一个其它同派寺院中没有的习俗。在有人作布施时，施主一般把供品一份一份地分派予每一位僧人，这是西藏寺院的传统。但在大藏寺，领诵师还会站起来宣读：“请分派“黑人”的那一份！”，然后施主把额外的一份布施放予护法殿中。假设施主供施十块钱予每一位僧人，则也要供予护法一份同量的供养。“黑人”的意思是指那个印度工匠，也即护法之化身。在各寺院中，玛哈嘎拉是被普遍地敬仰的；但在大藏寺，他却被视为寺院内活生生的成员之一！这是其它寺院中幷没有的独特传统。总之在大藏寺僧人应供时，寺院与施主也会供派同样的一份予护法。在去年，衲的一些洋弟子往大藏寺朝圣，带了澳大利亚出产之羊毛袜子，供养僧众每人一双，所以护法也依传统被供养了一对袜子，这恐怕是佛教历史上之第一遭！一般来说，我们是供养食品、香、花等等供品的，所以这对袜子成为了当地的一个佳话，大概护法也会感到这份供品有点莫名其妙！在其它寺院中也有玛哈嘎拉像，但大家对大藏寺的这一尊像之尊崇程度很不同。前面说到那位印度人建造了一半，后来印度人不见了，护法像却突然完成了，于是大家都认为印度人就是六臂玛哈嘎拉的化现。他把护法像建了一半，在他融入泥像之中时，就自然变化出完成了的护法像，所以大家都视这泥像为护法自己亲手塑造和开光的，把他尊称为“大藏怙主”，不同于由凡夫建造及开光的其它护法像。刚才说过本来是有三个印度人的，其中两个不愿留下，他们结果去了安多等地区之吉谛寺与初奇寺，分别塑造了四臂相玛哈嘎拉及四面相之玛哈嘎拉像，事后也是人不见了，大家认为这三位印度人分别是护法之六臂、四臂与四面相的化身。由他们塑成的这三尊护法被视为由护法亲自手造，特别受人敬仰，被合称为“怙主三兄弟”，成为了所有西藏寺院中最有名的三尊玛哈嘎拉护法像。
在各种大藏寺法会中，衲对护法殿的护法供养法会印像特别深刻。护法殿中十分阴沉，诵这种仪轨又有特别的声律规矩，每个音会拉至一、两分钟长度而诵念，在黑暗中便只有钹、鼓及诵经声。在护法供养法会中，在黑暗中常会听到一些不知来源的脚步声，这些便是护法在殿中走动的声音。在一年一度的玛哈卡拉护法修持闭关中，全体僧人聚集殿中，由长老把殿门锁上，往后的一周内僧人就在殿中诵经，食及睡也都在大殿中，绝不可离殿中断（大殿中有厨房及厕所）。
在大藏寺之五百多年历史中，凡在寺院有障碍时，都会有老虎、黑熊等猛兽在寺院附近出没，很多人认为这是护法示现之迹象。在有僧人破戒的时候，他们会很快还俗离寺，否则护法会对他们作很猛厉之惩罚以维持寺院之清净。
大藏寺的护法殿制造一种很香的柏香粉，以前每年都有人由远至五台山及蒙古等地来求取。这种柏香粉是由僧人祈请护法作加持的，由于寺僧的修持严谨及护法对大藏寺的不共密切加持，大藏寺的护法熏香粉极为灵验，有很多灵应。以前曾经有人偷去了寺院之牲畜，寺僧也不刻意寻找，只在护法像前祈请一下。在此同时，被偷走之牲畜的头角喷出火焰，把盗贼都吓傻了，马上交回牲畜，幷求寺僧代为向护法祈请原宥。从此以后，就不再有什么人敢偷大藏寺的东西了。一般来说，藏民是很诚实的人，但其中少不免也有少数的坏份子，但他们不论如何坏，总不敢碰大藏寺的产业与物品！大藏寺附近以前有很多猛兽，常常击杀牲畜，但凡颈上系着大藏寺护法殿之柏香的牛、马等，从未有被野兽攻击的先例。
衲的香港弟子，曾经往内地朝见贡唐仁波切大师。大师是西藏首席之高僧。他老人家一听到大藏寺的名字时，马上说：“大藏寺的护法像是很有威望的！这不是一般的护法像！”。在过去的政治变动中，大藏寺被完全破坏了，唯独护法殿至今仍保存下来，丝毫未被破坏。
另者，六臂玛哈嘎拉护法乃观音之忿怒相化身，西藏人和汉人与观音大士之因缘很深，所以也特别适宜依止这位护法。
大藏寺所采用之玛哈嘎拉祈请文是印度固青沙华里巴大师所著的。大师在距离菩提伽耶金刚座不远的一个山洞中修行，他对这位护法十分仰重。有一天，他从洞中出来时，见到护法示现在洞外之树上。在大师往上看时，随口实时的诵出这一篇祈请礼赞文。由于大师是由下往上看上去的，赞文内容便由护法的脚开始描述，然后是护法的腰，渐次往上形容他的化相。这个祈请文，幷不一是修持仪轨，也没有自化本尊或对生本尊之观想环节，所以各位不需灌顶就可以修诵它。这是一篇最为流行的玛哈嘎拉祈请文，在藏地不论有否口传，许多僧俗二众均天天修诵它。大家可以把这诵文视为单独的一项课诵，亦可把它加在修任何仪轨后的回向部分。
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Kitap Hakkında
Thomas Faist, bu çalışmasında, siyaset bilimi perspektifiyle, iktisadi, siyasal ve kültürel anlamda küreselleşme süreçlerinin uluslararası göçü ve gö
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spacing between the emitters and the cathode, for instance by using a thicker ETL which acts as an optical spacer. In fact, Fig. 3 shows that increasing the ETL thickness leads to an enhanced outcoupling efficiency—but at the same time, the excitation of substrate guided modes increases, too. This underlines the need for simultaneously tackling the losses occurring within the thin films stack (to ameliorate the so-called “internal outcoupling”), and in the substrate (improvement of the “external outcoupling”).
Beyond those simple design rules, which have the advantage of leaving the global design of the OLED unchanged, more advanced concepts can be exploited by using periodically arranged or disordered micro- and nanostructures at the different levels of the devices. This ongoing topic has already created a rich pool of numerical and experimental studies covered in several reviews.13184.108.40.206.18.–19
In the present paper, we introduce more specifically the main advances obtained within our research group over the last years, by first focusing on the extraction of substrate modes, and then on the outcoupling of internal modes. This latter aspect will be discussed by separating the cases of micro- or nano-based structures, and of periodic or stochastic configurations. The objective is to highlight relevant and upscalable strategies which can increase the fraction of outcoupled light while maintaining satisfying light output pattern and electrical characteristics of the bottom-emitting OLEDs considered. Focus will be given to solution-processed devices. Although their performance usually stands below that of their vacuum-deposited counterparts, which necessitates approaches to fabricate solution-processed multilayers,20 they nonetheless open the way for cheap and large-area compatible fabrication processes that can utilize the printing industry facilities.21
Improvement of the External Outcoupling Through the Introduction of Microlens Arrays
As discussed in Sec. 1, substrate modes retain a significant part of the generated light, with around 28% of the dissipated power in the example of Fig. 2(a) (parallel dipoles). Among the methods employed to cope with this issue, one can mention, e.g., a simple and cost-effective solution based on the roughening of the substrate surface by sandblasting, or the deposition of a scattering layer on top of the substrate, for instance using nanoparticles/polymer host systems or flexible layers made of porous polymers.14,22 The main drawback of those techniques is that a fraction of the light impinging on the modified surface is redirected toward the thin film stack and experiences losses through the channels already described. In the framework of the studies which advocate the use of cheap and easily up-scalable cellulose-based scattering layers, this issue was recently circumvented by controlling the amount of volume scattering. This is realized by a proper infiltration of the microcavities, e.g., with nanocellulose fibers,23 or with a plastic layer which additionally improves the layers’ durability.24 An alternative approach for extracting substrate modes consists of introducing a microlens array (abbreviated “MLA” in the following), usually based on hemispheres, which enables to outcouple most of the light after the first interaction and to ensure a Lambertian emission, as is usually desired for applications. This method inspired by the work of Madigan et al.,25 and further developed by different research groups in the early 2000s,2627.–28 is nevertheless hindered by the complexity of its implementation. For this reason, a versatile, reproducible, and upscalable fabrication process was proposed by Bocksrocker et al.2 and is presented below.
As shown in Fig. 4, the fabrication sequence can be summarized by two main steps, that is, the creation of a Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamp incorporating the desired features of the MLA (diameter, aspect ratio, and periodicity), and the transfer of this pattern into a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer deposited on the substrate. It should be noted that due to the chemical and mechanical stability of the PDMS stamp, the latter can be cleaned and reused afterwards.
Microlenses with diameters of 10, 20, and (almost equal to the periodicity of the array) and with an aspect ratio of 1 (hemispheres) were fabricated according to this process. The resulting MLAs have a typical transmission above 80% between 400 and 800 nm. Furthermore, their haze factor in transmission, defined as the ratio of the nonspecularly transmitted light to the overall transmitted light, reaches more than 70% regardless of the diameter considered. Thus, MLAs can help diffusing angular and, to a certain extent, spatial inhomogeneities of the emission. However, in case of a large variation in the local brightness, as the one introduced by shadowing metal grids used for charge carrier transport, more advanced concepts are required to obtain a spatially homogeneous emission.30 In order to test their potential for external outcoupling, those MLAs were integrated in white OLEDs (WOLEDs) by using a single layer of the white-emitting co-polymer SPW087 by Merck KGaA, and the measured efficiencies (defined in terms of luminous flux normalized to the electrical power consumption) were compared with the ones obtained without the MLA on the same devices.29 The results shown in Fig. 5 demonstrate that an efficiency enhancement of around 50% is achieved compared to a reference device which exhibits a luminous efficacy of . In addition, the diameter of the microlenses has only a weak influence on the enhancement factor, an observation which is corroborated by other studies.26 It can be added here that most of the light outcoupling was found to occur after the first interaction with the MLA. Lastly, the MLA did not affect the spectral and angular emission characteristics of the WOLEDs investigated. To summarize, the fabrication process presented above enables production of high-quality MLAs on large areas to efficiently extract substrate modes. It can be directly adapted and extended to flexible substrates such as the ones based on polyethylene terephthalate.31 In addition to the periodical array of identical microlenses, disordered configurations (in both the position and size distribution of the lenses) have been recently proposed. For example, such ensembles were obtained spontaneously using a phase separation technique,32 or almost autonomously via the so-called “microbial approach.”33 Their integrated enhancement could not overcome that obtained with regular MLA, but adding disorder enabled improving the uniformity of the luminance angular distribution while suppressing spectral distortion. Lastly, in their recent work, Kim et al.34 combined all the previously mentioned attributes (patterning on a flexible polyethylene naphthalate substrate, cost-effective fabrication process based on the self-assembly of microparticles, patterning of irregular MLA) and enhanced the MLA properties by incorporating nanoparticles. Due to the improved light extraction thanks to the nanoparticles scattering, the maximum power efficiency increased from (irregular MLA) to (irregular MLA including nanoparticles). In addition, the authors demonstrated that the nanoparticles block the penetration of oxygen and water vapor molecules into the organic layers, so that this approach also helps in improving the stability of the devices.
Improvement of the Internal Outcoupling
Unlike the MLA approach discussed in Sec. 2, micro- and nanostructures aimed at increasing the internal outcoupling are much more challenging to design since they are directly implemented within the thin film stack and as such can potentially degrade the electrical characteristics of the device. In the following, we report on different configurations which address those two aspects, namely improved internal outcoupling properties and an almost unaffected (or even ameliorated) electrical behavior. As will be discussed, they can be introduced in association with MLA to further enhance the light extraction of the OLED.
Optimization of the Organic Light-Emitting Diodes Planar Stack
As was exemplified in Fig. 3, the outcoupling efficiency strongly depends on the OLED layers’ thicknesses in a planar architecture. The optical optimization of such a stack can be carried out by simulations, yet the proper modeling of the device requires a good knowledge of the optical indices employed (including their anisotropy7), as well as of the emitters’ orientation and distribution profile. Alternatively, an empirical optimization can be undertaken by producing several samples with diverse thicknesses. However, this method is demanding in terms of time and materials consumption. Moreover, the batch-to-batch variability may complicate the analysis of the results, which calls for a simplified single-step approach. This can be easily realized using the horizontal dipping (“H-dipping”) technique, regardless of the emitter type considered.35 For the sake of demonstration, H-dipping was exploited to steadily increase the emissive layer thickness from 10 to 120 nm over a multiactive areas device.36 This thickness gradient was directly obtained by continuously increasing the velocity of the coating bar during deposition. Using this one-pass process, a wedge-shaped device was fabricated, and the opto-electrical characteristics of the OLEDs were analyzed as a function of the active layer thickness. This methodology can be generalized to any layer, e.g., to the hole injection one (see Fig. 6). By varying its corresponding thickness, the cavity effect can be optimized in a similar way. However, the device efficiency gain may be limited by an increased amount of parasitic absorption, eventually combined with a degradation of the charge transport. To go further, the H-dipping approach can be modified for the incorporation of advanced materials that feature low absorption and improved electrical properties and that can still be easily wet-processed. Such a material was recently fabricated by making a composite layer consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and silica nanoparticles, as shown in Fig. 6(c).37 Owing to the small nanoparticles’ diameter (only around 7 nm), the modified hole injection layer possessed a haze factor below 1%, and the optical properties of the weak microcavity could be adjusted without introducing any scattering effects or parasitic absorption. The composite layer thickness was then varied between 50 and 400 nm. A luminous efficacy increase of up to 85% was measured for a layer thickness of 100 nm with respect to a 20-nm thick PEDOT:PSS-based reference device. This enhancement was related to a more favorable cavity configuration (improved coupling to the radiation modes), and on the electrical side, to a better hole vertical transport and injection following the inclusion of the nanoparticles network.
The latter aspect was also highlighted in a similar OLED stack but featuring (20 to 30 nm in diameter) and (20 to 130 nm in diameter) nanoparticles clustered between the emitting layer and the cathode.38 In this configuration, an electroluminescence efficiency increase of up to 300% was measured by using a nanoparticle-free device as a reference. This was not attributed to an optical (scattering) effect. Instead, the enhancement was found to originate from an improved due to the nanoparticles covering the cathode surface. Indeed, this partial coverage was believed to enhance the fields locally, leading to a better electron injection and, therefore, to an ameliorated charge balance. Thus, nanoparticles-based composite layers can be used as multifunctional elements that simultaneously act as an optical spacer for optimizing cavity effects and improve the interfacial properties of planar OLEDs.
Micrometer Scale Corrugations for Waveguide Modes Outcoupling
As discussed in Sec. 1, the anode and organic layers sandwiched between the substrate and the metallic cathode form a slab waveguide. Therefore, a significant part of the dissipated power is injected into the waveguide modes.
In order to limit this effect, a micron-scale optical perturbation of the anode can be exploited. Thus, micropatterned indium-tin oxide (ITO) anodes were realized by combining a photolithography and a wet etching step,39 or alternatively, by sputtering an ITO layer through the gaps created by a self-assembly of microspheres,40 prior to the deposition of PEDOT:PSS and of the remaining stack. To increase the refractive index contrast at the anode level, a low refractive index material can be inserted within the micromesh, as proposed in Ref. 41. In the WOLED investigated, a two-dimensional (2-D) square array of micro-columns was introduced within the ITO anode. The material chosen to form those micro-columns was . In addition to its chemical stability, this material benefits from a low refractive index (around 1.38) compared with the ITO matrix (refractive index ranging from 1.8 to 2.1). As a result, it induces a modification of the modal distribution within the device. The fabrication route of this perturbed anode is shown in Fig. 7. The parameters (periodicity and columns diameter) were first defined in a resist layer by optical lithography, the 2-D array of micro-holes was then transferred into the ITO anode by wet etching, and this patterned matrix was filled by via a lift-off step. The duration of the vacuum deposition enabled to control the columns' height.
The micro-columns’ height and interdistance were optimized empirically by measuring the efficiency enhancement in comparison to a similar but unperturbed WOLED as a reference. The materials and architecture of the devices were similar to the ones described in Sec. 2. Nine configurations with different spacing values (5, 10, and ) and column heights (33, 66, and 100 nm) but with a fixed diameter of were studied. The results revealed a maximum efficiency enhancement of 38% obtained for a column distance and height of and 66 nm, respectively. Increasing the spacing between the microcolumns reduced the perturbation introduced, therefore reducing its impact on the internal outcoupling. On the other hand, very small spacing values (well below ) should result in a strong decrease of the active area since is an insulator. The existence of an absolute optimum value can then be expected. Similarly, the optimum height should result from a trade-off between a sufficient optical perturbation and good electrical characteristics of the WOLED. It was shown by simulation that in the absence of the microcolumns, a waveguide mode was mainly propagating within the ITO layer. On the contrary, in the perturbed configuration, no waveguide mode existed at the position of the low refractive index columns, and light was preferentially coupled to substrate or radiation modes. Interestingly, adding an MLA to the -WOLED led to an efficiency increase of 50%, which is a similar enhancement factor as for the unperturbed WOLED with the MLA (see Fig. 5). Thus, it could be concluded that the microcolumns distributed equally the dissipated power of the waveguide modes into the substrate and radiation modes. By using this microphotonics approach, a luminous efficacy enhancement of 38% was obtained without modifying the emission and electrical characteristics of the device.
Unlike the previous example, microspherically textured OLEDs can enhance waveguide modes extraction while increasing the active area of the devices.42 In this approach, an ITO-free OLED stack with PEDOT:PSS electrode was deposited on top of silica microspheres with a diameter of partially embedded into a 1.55 refractive index photoresist layer. This led to the curved waveguide configuration shown in Fig. 8(a).
In addition to the simplicity of the fabrication process, this method enabled to achieve a luminous efficacy enhancement of up to 3.7 [at 5 V, see Fig. 8(b)] compared with a planar equivalent WOLED, with otherwise unchanged emissive or electrical characteristics. In essence, three factors were evoked for explaining that improvement: increase of the active area by comparison with a planar layout, a better extraction of the waveguide modes allowed by the waviness of the thin film stack, and eventually a more efficient outcoupling of the substrate modes. Indeed, the curved cathode can change the propagation angle of the reflected light, and thereby reduces TIR effects at the glass/air interface.
In Sec. 3.3, we will see that even higher enhancements can be achieved using adapted nanostructures in the vicinity of the active layer, although this may come along with a modification of the emission pattern which needs to be corrected.
One-Dimensional High-Refractive Index Nanogratings for Efficient Waveguide Mode Extraction
The advantage of nanostructures, such as one-dimensional (1-D) Bragg nanogratings, with respect to their micrometer-based counterpart is that stronger optical perturbations can be applied to waveguide modes. Periodic wavelength scale patterns were successfully tested in OLEDs in the early 2000s.4344.45.–46 Still today, research efforts are ongoing to maximize the refractive index contrast using innovative solutions, e.g., by inserting high- nanoparticles in a resist matrix that can be easily nanoimprinted,47 and by fabricating periodically arranged air gaps giving rise to a refractive index difference as high as 0.9.48 Regardless of the materials involved, two intrinsic limitations of this approach are the angular dependence of the resulting emission spectrum and the wavelength selectivity. Consequently, Bragg nanogratings appear to be more adapted to monochromatic devices than to WOLEDs. In the following examples, we will show that those nanostructures can interact not only with the waveguide modes but also with the substrate modes, and more generally with all the optical channels of the OLED, and demonstrate that they can be efficient and compatible with WOLEDs if combined with a proper external outcoupling method.
The first case discussed in this section is based on an ITO-free OLED incorporating a 1-D Bragg nanograting based on .49 A cross-section view and the fabrication process of this device are shown in Fig. 9.
was selected because it is a highly transparent material, and possesses a high-refractive index ( at 550 nm), which contrasts with that of the PEDOT:PSS anode (). The period was adjusted for the peak emission wavelength (550 nm) by using Bragg scattering such that the waveguide modes scatter with an angle lower than that of the escape cone.2 To test the influence of the grating depth, the latter was varied between 48 and 77 nm. The angle resolved electroluminescence measurements of the yellow OLEDs underlined an emission increasing with the grating depth (see Fig. 10). In particular, it could be shown that for the 77-nm deep grating, the emission was enhanced by up to 300% compared with an unpatterned OLED.49 A remarkable feature of Fig. 10 is the presence of emission peaks at for the three deepest gratings which result from the efficient outcoupling of the first-order transverse electric () mode. Because the waveguide modes of different orders have less spatial overlap with the grating or a negligible filling factor in the active layer, they did not give rise to intense emission peaks. However, the extraction of the mode observed at discrete angles was not sufficient to explain the overall emission increase observed. This was attributed to the outcoupling of substrate modes which account for a large part of the confined light in this particular layout. Indeed, the nanograting was also able to redirect the light trapped in the substrate modes.
Thus, it was possible to evidence experimentally the outcoupling of specific waveguide modes and highlight the capability of the grating to tackle simultaneously the internal and external outcoupling. Furthermore, the emitted light intensity was steadily enhanced by increasing the grating depth.
In the second example, we will see that this last property cannot be generalized, and that one needs to consider the complex interplay between the different optical channels in the design of efficient nanogratings. The structure considered for that purpose is based on a 1-D Bragg grating made of ( around
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سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست بوده و هست.
”حسن عباس نژاد” در خصوص رهاسازی فاضلاب خام تصفیه خانه فاضلاب تبریز و استفاده برخی کشاورزان از این آب برای آبیاری مزارع، گفت: موضوع آبیاری مزارع با فاضلاب خام همواره یکی از دغدغه های سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست بوده است که در صورت عدم توجه موجب افزایش بار آلودگی در محصولات کشاورزی خواهد شد و خطرات متعددی علیه بهداشت و سلامتی شهروندان به همراه خواهد داشت.
وی افزود: در راستای مدیریت این موضوع، در سطح کشور کارگروهی با عنوان “پیشگیری و کنترل آبیاری مزارع با فاضلاب” تشکیل شده است که در آن تصمیماتی برای جلوگیری از آبیاری مزارع با فاضلاب ها گرفته شده و در راستای همین کارگروه در استانها هم کمیته ای متشکل از حفاظت محیط زیست، سازمان آب، مدیریت بحران، جهاد کشاورزی، صنعت و معدن و بهداشت تشکیل شده است که اولین جلسه این کمیته در محل اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان تشکیل شد و برنامه های هر کدام از دستگاه ها در راستای جلوگیری از آبیاری مزارع با فاضلاب خام مشخص شده و مقرر گردید هر کدام از دستگاه ها برنامه های اجرایی خود را در اختیار اداره کل حفاظت محیط زیست استان قرار دهند تا این موضوع مدیریت شود.
وی گفت: در مورد استفاده از فاضلاب خام در بخش کشاورزی، این کمیته در مناطق مختلف استان فعال شده است و برنامه ریزیهای لازم برای آنالیز خروجی فاضلاب ها انجام شده و اگر مشخص شود این خروجی برای کشاورزی مضر است، اقدامات لازم در این خصوص انجام خواهد گرفت. قاعدتاً استانداردهای مختلفی برای خروجی فاضلاب ها در نظر گرفته می شود که برای روان آب ها، چاه های جاذب و استفاده در بخش کشاورزی متفاوت هستند و تلاش می شود خروجی پساب واحدهای مختلف حداقل برای آبیاری مزارع کشاورزی استاندارد لازم را داشته باشد. تمام تلاش این کمیته رعایت استانداردها در خروجی فاضلاب های استان است.
عزیزان علاقه مند به دریافت مرتب روزنامه ساقی آذربایجان از طریق پست می توانند با دفتر روزنامه تماس حاصل نموده و یا به سامانه پیام کوتاه روزنامه پیامک بفرستند.
اشتراک یکساله: 340 هزار تومان
اشتراک شش ماهه: 170 هزار تومان
ضمنا هزینه بسته بندی و ارسال از طریق پست بر عهده روزنامه می باشد.
برای عضویت در خبرنامه پیامکی، اطلاعات خود را وارد کنید
از مسئولین محترم استان که وعده های آنان در این ستون پیگیری گردیده خواهشمند است توضیحات خود را در خصوص علل عدم تحقق وعده های داده شده جهت اطلاع شهروندان محترم و تنویر افکار عمومی به دفتر روزنامه ساقی ارسال فرمایند.Per tutti coloro che hanno ritenuto più opportuno cambiare la data delle nozze o che a causa dell'emergenza sanitaria sono stati costretti a cambiare la loro data, come lo avete comunicato agli invitati? 📅
Quale metodo ingegnoso avete scelto per notificarlo ai vostri ospiti?
Come sempre, vi leggo nelle risposte e nelle foto che mi darete in questo topic! 👇耶利米書 28：1 ~ 17
28：1 當年，就是猶大王西底家登基第四年五月，基遍人押朔的兒子，先知哈拿尼雅，在耶和華的殿中當著祭司和眾民對我說：
28：2 「萬軍之耶和華─以色列的 神如此說：我已經折斷巴比倫王的軛。
28：3 二年之內，我要將巴比倫王尼布甲尼撒從這地掠到巴比倫的器皿，就是耶和華殿中的一切器皿都帶回此地。
28：4 我又要將猶大王約雅敬的兒子耶哥尼雅和被擄到巴比倫去的一切猶大人帶回此地，因為我要折斷巴比倫王的軛。這是耶和華說的。」
28：5 先知耶利米當著祭司和站在耶和華殿裏的眾民對先知哈拿尼雅說：
28：6 「阿們！願耶和華如此行，願耶和華成就你所預言的話，將耶和華殿中的器皿和一切被擄去的人從巴比倫帶回此地。
28：7 然而我向你和眾民耳中所要說的話，你應當聽。
28：8 從古以來，在你我以前的先知，向多國和大邦說預言，論到爭戰、災禍、瘟疫的事。
28：9 先知預言的平安，到話語成就的時候，人便知道他真是耶和華所差來的。」
28：10 於是，先知哈拿尼雅將先知耶利米頸項上的軛取下來，折斷了。
28：11 哈拿尼雅又當著眾民說：「耶和華如此說：二年之內我必照樣從列國人的頸項上折斷巴比倫王尼布甲尼撒的軛。」於是先知耶利米就走了。
28：12 先知哈拿尼雅把先知耶利米頸項上的軛折斷以後，耶和華的話臨到耶利米說：
28：13 「你去告訴哈拿尼雅說，耶和華如此說：你折斷木軛，卻換了鐵軛！
28：14 因為萬軍之耶和華─以色列的 神如此說：我已將鐵軛加在這些國的頸項上，使他們服事巴比倫王尼布甲尼撒，他們總要服事他；我也把田野的走獸給了他。」
28：15 於是先知耶利米對先知哈拿尼雅說：「哈拿尼雅啊，你應當聽！耶和華並沒有差遣你，你竟使這百姓倚靠謊言。
28：16 所以耶和華如此說：看哪，我要叫你去世，你今年必死，因為你向耶和華說了叛逆的話。」
28：17 這樣，先知哈拿尼雅當年七月間就死了。
1.讀經
2.今天默想經文
耶28：9 先知預言的平安，到話語成就的時候，人便知道他真是耶和華所差來的。
3.默想經文
（1）上帝差耶利米演行動劇，宣告若那一國君王不肯聽從上帝的旨意，降服巴比倫，就要遭報滅亡，並且還要耶利米警告百姓千萬不要誤聽假先知的謊言。「猶大王西底家登基第四年」：是主前593年，耶利米才剛說完，就有另一個先知哈拿尼雅前來踢館嗆聲，說了一段與耶利米完全相反的預言，並且也加上行動劇：「二年之內，上帝將會折斷巴比倫王的軛，把擄到巴比倫的猶太人與聖殿中的器皿都帶回來」（v2~4）二個人都是先知，內容完全相反，百姓要聽誰的？一般人當然聽自己愛聽的，聽好聽的，但真是如此嗎？v9「先知預言的平安，到話語成就的時候，人便知道他真是耶和華所差來的。」耶利米這句話的意思就是「我們看誰的預言能實現」。有關預言的實現，我們實在要很小心，因為有些預言很清楚，就是有沒有發生；但是有些預言實現的方式，也不一定正如我們所想像的那樣清楚，因為神的道路與意念，都高過我們。
康來昌牧師：「預言的實現固然是檢驗預言的標準，但是我們眞的不一定知道是怎麼的一個實現法，就像耶穌來的時候實現的預言，可是以色列人都沒有想到是這樣實現的──他們以為會像大衛殺死哥利亞那樣的實現；沒有想到是受苦的僕人那樣的死法，那樣的實現。不過這裏夠清楚了，兩年之內是不是眞的會把這些東西带過來（3節）？時間到了就可以知道。」所以我們分辨與察驗的時候，要非常小心，正如耶穌的降生與死亡，全都不按照以色列人的期待發生，這也是到今天以色列人還在等候他們理想中的彌賽亞，而拒絕接受耶穌的原因了。
（2）哈拿尼雅說二年之內，巴比倫會倒，過去被擄的人與錢都會回來。結果上帝要耶利米再回去找哈拿尼雅，上帝的審判臨到這個假先知身上：「耶和華並沒有差遣你，你竟使這百姓倚靠謊言。」、「你折斷木軛，卻換了鐵軛！」、「你今年必死，因為你向耶和華說了叛逆的話。」結果不用等過二年，哈拿尼雅不到二個月就死了。這裏看起來好像很明顯，就是哈拿尼雅說謊，說了人愛聽的話，卻是神沒有說過的話，誤導百姓陷入大罪之中。這裏看起來，神的話實在很難叫一般人接受，反而假先知的話很容易叫人接受。我們也想到神吩咐亞當夏娃不能吃分別善惡樹上的果子，魔鬼卻說你們可以吃。好像魔鬼比上帝更愛人，更能滿足人，更能討好人，反而上帝經常叫人更難以接受。我們又想到在亞哈的時代，上帝竟然用謊言的靈欺哄那400個先知，讓他們有錯誤的領受與啟示，就是因為他們自己甘願受騙，因為他們不肯聽神的話，神就允許他們被自己的成見欺騙。
我們今天一般教會的氛圍，就是比較喜歡講人愛聽的，好聽的，認為這就是愛人。特別是信耶穌已經很難了，再講難聽的，誰要信啊？所以為了幫神拉業績，我們當然要「幫神美化一下」，盡量把神塑造成一般人喜歡的樣子，這樣基督教才有市場，傳福音才會好傳。當我們有這種謊言的靈在我們裏面的時候，恐怕教會在傳的已經不是福音，而是不能叫人真正得救的禍音了。當教會總是想要快一點拉人信教，又加上我們平時不肯好好默想整本聖經，恐怕我們裏面充滿的不是聖靈的真理，而是攙雜大量謊言的靈，真理與歪理都混在一起。我的意思絕不是說神只是會罵人，會定人罪，整天想要整死人，審判人；而是說神愛世人，神的愛必須奠基在神有完全的主權，人必須完全降服在神的主權之下，人不再是自己生命中的主，一切所有的主權，全都要交出來，這個真理不容妥協，不能打折扣。另一個重要的真理，就是神會管教，會考驗，會熬煉，但都是出於愛，最終目的是塑造我們裏面新造的人有基督的性情，這個目標也絕對不會改變。
4.今天的回應
今天很多人提到先知，就想到預言未來的事，一不小心就把先知淪為算命仙一樣，整天想要追著先知問將來的事。我過去也有這種迷思，但開始QT聖經之後，我發現我整個大錯了。先知的功能並不是預言，而是忠心傳導神的話語，而神最重要的話語則是勸人悔改、更新、與神和好。我們看一個人是不是先知，舊約的方式就是預言有沒有實現，但我認為不管是先知，或是任何神的僕人、牧者，察驗一個人的生命，最重要的關鍵就是他們生命所結出來的果子，或是透過他們的服事在別人生命中所結出來的果子。如果一個人只看重外面的工作，卻不看重自己裏面有沒有被塑造出基督的品格與性情，也不看重在別人的生命中塑造出基督的性情，我個人認為這些服事都是空洞的，都是曇花一現。特別是如果只把焦點專注在個人的成就、名聲、利益之上，卻忽略神的主權與永恆的獎賞，我也認為這些服事都是假的，因為不明白神的心意。今生一切的祝福與需要，都是「副加價值」，是我們先求神的國與神的義的結果，基督的生命才是唯一的焦點，這也是我們每天追求的唯一目標。Ortadoğu Despotları Abbas Dönemini Kapatıp Dahlan’a Yol Açmaya Çalışıyorlar!
BAE, Ürdün ve Mısır'ın 82 yaşına gelen Filistin Kurtuluş Örgütü lideri Mahmud Abbas'ı devirmek için yeni bir plan hazırladığı belirtiliyor.
Filistin Devlet Başkanı Mahmud Abbas'ın devrilmesi için Ürdün, Mısır ve Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'nin yeni bir plan hazırladığı belirtiliyor.
Middle East Eye'de yer alan bir habere göre, son dönemde Ürdün ve Mısır'dan bağımsız politikalar izleyen 82 yaşındaki Mahmud Abbas'ın devrilmeye çalışıldığı ve yerine Muhammed Dahlan'ın getirileceği iddia edildi. David Hearst imzalı haberde, Dahlan'ın liderliği için Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri'nin İsrail ile bir takım görüşmeler de yaptığı öne sürüldü.
Mahmud Abbas'ı devirme planın başlıca mimarlarından birisi olarak, Abu Dabi Veliaht Prensi Muhammed bin Zayid gösteriliyor. İddiaya göre Zayid, Abbas konusundaki ihtilaflarının Ürdün-BAE ilişkilerini zedelediğini Amman'a iletti. BAE'nin geçtiğimiz günlerde Abbas'ın tutuklanmasını ve Ürdün'e girişinin yasaklanmasını talep ettiği söyleniyor. İddiaya göre BAE'nin Ürdün'e karşı tavır almasının sebebi de Amman'ın Abbas'la olan ilişkileri.
Mahmud Dahlan, Filistin'de Hamas karşıtı olarak biliniyor. Geçtiğimiz günlerde Hamas yetkilileri, Dahlan'la bağlantılı bazı kişileri, IŞİD adına silahlı eylemleri planladığı gerekçesiyle tutuklamıştı.Launched in 1977, NASA's twin Voyager spacecraft are now poised at the very edge of interstellar space.
Powered by plutonium 238 batteries, both probes remain in fine fettle after 34 years in deep space. And they are beaming back a repeat message that, according to one NASA scientist, is "both unsettling and thrilling." The message, programmed for the fun of it by project scientists back in the 1970s, is-"Expect the unexpected!"
Ed Stone, Voyager Project scientist since 1972, said what made the twin mission so historic was the fact that they took advantage of a rare alignment in the solar system of all the outer planets, except Pluto.
"Voyager 1 visited Jupiter and Saturn, while Voyager 2 flew past Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune. Voyager 2 is still the only probe to visit Uranus and Neptune," Stone said during a space agency news conference held last week.
Stone listed all the amazing discoveries of the Voyager robot team:
•Volcanoes erupting on Jupiter's moon Io.
•An ocean far below the ice surface of Jupiter's moon Europa.
•The magnetic poles of Uranus and Neptune are mysteriously tipped.
•Geysers erupt regularly on Neptune's moon Triton.
•Methane rain falls on Saturn's moon Titan.
•Evidence was found showing that planetary winds are faster as you move away from the Sun.
Stone said the Voyagers are now passing through the solar system's heliosheath.
"The heliosheath is a very strange place, filled with a magnetic froth no spacecraft has ever encountered before, echoing with low-frequency radio bursts heard only in the outer reaches of the solar system, so far from home that the sun is a mere pinprick of light," he said. "In many ways, the heliosheath is not like our models predicted."
According to Stone, "No one knows exactly how many more miles the Voyagers must travel before they pop free into interstellar space. The heliosheath is 3 to 4 billion miles in thickness. That means we'll be out within five years or so."
Heat from Voyagers' nuclear batteries should keep things running smoothly onboard until the year 2020, possibly longer.
"The Voyagers will become our silent ambassador to the stars," Stone said. "Each probe is famously equipped with a Golden Record, literally, a gold-coated copper phonograph record... A team led by Carl Sagan assembled the record as a message to possible extraterrestrial civilizations that might encounter the spacecraft."
Stone said the chance of aliens finding the Voyagers is "fantastically remote."
In 1979, the first "Star Trek" movie was about a Voyager spacecraft that merged with an alien spaceprobe. The two shared their circuitry and became a fantastic, super entity bent on destruction.
"Well, that's science fiction-make believe," said Stone. "But with our real Voyagers, 'expecting the unexpected' is even more fantastic."
Lou Varricchio, M.Sc., was a science writer at the NASA Ames Research Center.عضو فدرال رزرو ماری دالی: خواستار رویکردی هموار و روشمند در مورد سیاست فدرال رزرو هستم.
✅افزایش سریع به نرخ خنثی وجوه فدرال رزرو تا پایان سال مناسب است.
✅ بعید است که اقتصاد با اقدام فدرال رزرو به رکود برسد.
✅ تورم خیلی زیاد است، اما تکرار تجربه دهه ۱۹۷۰ نیست.
✅بازار چشم انداز سیاست انقباضی تر فدرال رزرو را ارزشگذاری کرده است.
✅حرکت عمدی به سمت موضع خنثی تر اولویت اصلی است.
✅تورم بسیار بالاست و با هدف ثبات قیمتی فدرال رزرو فاصله زیادی دارد.
✅هنگامی که نرخ های بهره به سطح خنثی رسید فدرال رزرو باید شرایط مالی و تورم را ارزیابی کند تا ببیند چه اقدامات بیشتری مورد نیاز است.
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شویی خلاص شوید. یکی از موثرترین روش ها استفاده از محلول های خانگی و طبیعی است. به عنوان مثال، سرکه و جوش شیرین را می توان برای تمیز کردن کاسه توالت و از بین بردن بوی بد استفاده کرد. علاوه بر این، می توان از آب لیمو برای خنثی کردن بوی دستشویی استفاده کرد.
یکی دیگر از روش های موثر برای از بین بردن بوی بد توالت و دستشویی استفاده از محلول های شیمیایی است. چندین مایع لوله بازکنی شیمیایی در بازار موجود است که می تواند بوی بد دستشویی را از بین ببرد. اما در انتخاب مایع لوله بازکنی شیمیایی دقت کنید تا به لوله های توالت آسیبی نرسد. گاه فرسودگی لوله ها موجب می شود که در زمان استفاده از مایع لوله بازکنی شیمیایی، لوله ها دچار نشتی شوند و مشکل دوچندان شود.
روش های خانگی و طبیعی برای رفع بوی بد دستشویی
روش های خانگی، روشی موثر، ایمن و کم هزینه برای از بین بردن بوی توالت و حمام است.
- یکی از محبوب ترین روش های خانگی، استفاده از سرکه و جوش شیرین است. برای استفاده از این روش، یک فنجان جوش شیرین را در کاسه توالت بریزید و سپس یک فنجان سرکه. اجازه دهید مخلوط حدود 15 دقیقه قبل از شستشوی توالت بماند.
- یکی دیگر از روش های خانگی و سریع برای رفع بوی بد توالت، استفاده از آب لیمو است. آب لیمو دارای خاصیت اسیدی طبیعی است که می تواند بوی بد را خنثی کند. برای استفاده از این روش، نصف لیمو را در کاسه توالت بریزید و بگذارید حدود 10 دقیقه قبل از شستشوی توالت بماند.
- استفاده از ادویههای خشک: ادویههای خشک مانند زیره، نعناع، دارچین و… میتوانند بوی نامطبوع توالت را از بین ببرند. میتوانید این ادویهها را داخلی ظروفی بریزید و در توالت قرار دهید. همچنین میتوانید این ادویهها را با آب مخلوط کرده و کمی بجوشانید و در توالت بریزید.
- استفاده از محلول آب و گلیسیرین برای تمیز کردن توالت، میتواند به عنوان یک روش خانگی برای تمیز کردن توالت مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد. گلیسیرین یک ماده شیرینکننده مطبوع و ضدعفونیکننده است که به طور عمده در تولید محصولات بهداشتی مانند صابون، شامپو، کرم و دستشویی به کار میرود. به دلیل خواص ضدعفونیکننده خود، گلیسیرین میتواند برای تمیز کردن توالت مفید باشد. همچنین، از آنجایی که گلیسیرین یک ماده شیرینکنده طبیعی است، میتواند بوی نامطبوع را نیز کاهش دهد. به هر حال، توجه داشته باشید که استفاده از محلول آب و گلیسیرین باید با احتیاط انجام شود. درصورت استفاده از مقدار زیادی گلیسیرین، ممکن است توالت شما چسبناک شود مشکلات دیگری را به دنبال داشته باشد.
روش های شیمیایی برای رفع بوی بد توالت و دستشویی
محلول های شیمیایی یکی دیگر از روش های موثر برای خلاص شدن از بوی بد توالت است. پاک کننده های مختلف و انواع مایع لوله بازکن شیمیایی توالت فرنگی در بازار موجود است که می تواند بوی بد توالت را از بین ببرد. با این حال، انتخاب پاک کننده ای ضروری است که برای توالت شما ایمن باشد و به محیط زیست آسیب نرساند. یکی از محلول های شیمیایی محبوب سفید کننده و وایتکس است. برای استفاده از سفید کننده، نصف فنجان سفید کننده را داخل کاسه توالت بریزید و بگذارید حدود 10 دقیقه بماند و سپس توالت را آبکشی کنید.
تماس با لوله بازکنی
گاهی اوقات هم مشکل به دلیل گرفتگی لوله، وجود نشتی و شکستگی در لوله فاضلاب و مواردی از این قبیل است که برای رفع مشکلات لوله و فاضلاب باید با شماره شبانه روزی لوله بازکنی زنجان که تضمینی و با پشتیبانی می باشد، تماس بگیرید. رفع برخی مشکلات نیاز به تخصص دارد و اگر خودتان اقدام کنید ممکن است مشکل دوچندان شود.
روش های پیشگیری از بوی بد توالت
پیشگیری بهتر از درمان است و تکنیک های مختلفی وجود دارد که می توانید برای جلوگیری از بوی بد توالت استفاده کنید. یکی از موثرترین تکنیک ها تمیز کردن مرتب توالت است. حداقل هفته ای یکبار کاسه توالت، صندلی و مخزن را تمیز کنید. علاوه بر این، اطمینان حاصل کنید که پس از استفاده، توالت را شستشو دهید تا از تجمع مواد زائد در کاسه جلوگیری شود.
یکی دیگر از روش های پیشگیری، اطمینان از تهویه مناسب حمام و توالت است. تهویه مناسب به کاهش بوی بد کمک می کند. علاوه بر این، مطمئن شوید که P-trap و شترگلو همیشه مرطوب باشد تا از خروج گازهای فاضلاب جلوگیری شود.
نتیجه گیری
بوی بد توالت یک مشکل رایج است که بسیاری از خانواده ها را تحت تاثیر قرار می دهد. این بو می تواند ناشی از بهداشت نامناسب، شرایط پزشکی و عوامل محیطی باشد. با این حال، درک علل و روش های موثر برای خلاص شدن از بوی می تواند به رفع مشکل کمک کند. روش های خانگی و طبیعی، محلولهای شیمیایی و تکنیکهای پیشگیری، روشهای موثری برای از بین بردن بوی بد توالت هستند. با رعایت نکات ذکر شده در این مقاله، می توانید بوی بد توالت را از بین ببرید.Brezilya’da sivrisineklerle bulaşarak kusurlu doğuma neden olduğu belirlenen ve kısa sürede salgına dönüşen Zika virüsünü sarıhumma sivrisineğinin taşıdığı belirlenmişti. Ancak Brezilya Sağlık Bakanlığı’na bağlı Oswaldo Cruz Vakfı tarafından yapılan araştırmalar, herkesin risk altında olduğunu ortaya koydu. Ülkenin Recife kentinde yapılan araştırmaya göre, Zika virüsü sarı humma sivrisineği dışında ev sineği olarak bilinen Culex cinsi sivrisineklerde de tespit edildi. Uyarı niteliğinde olan araştırma sonuçlarında ev sineklerinin Zika salgınına dahil olup olmadığı ve salgındaki rolünün belirlenmesi için ek araştırmalar gerektiği ifade edildi. Bulgulara 500 sivrisinekle yaptıkları deneyin sonucunda ulaşan araştırmacılar, her bir havuzda 1 ila 10 sivrisineğin bulunduğu deney havuzunun 3’ünde salgına neden olan virüs tespit etti. Ancak, bu sivrisineklerde virüs bulunmasının, virüsü sivrisineklerin bulaştırdığı anlamına gelmediği de bildirildi. Araştırmadan önce salgına neden olan virüsün sarı humma sivrisineği tarafından taşındığı ortaya konmuştu. Araştırma, Recife bölgesinde Culex adı verilen ev sineklerinin, sarı humma sivrisineğinden 20 kat daha fazla bulunduğunu ortaya koydu.By On May 16, 2018 worksheets
In addition to supporting learning more generally, learning materials can assist teachers in an important professional duty: the differentiation of instruction. Differentiation of instruction is the tailoring of lessons and instruction to the different learning styles and capacities within your classroom. Learning materials such as worksheets, group activity instructions, games, or homework assignments all allow you to modify assignments to best activate each individual students learning style.
Why are worksheets important for kids and what are their benefits? Have you ever thought about it? As a parent, one has to take extra care and attention when it comes to teaching children from Class 1 to 5. Academics being one of the most important things which help students flourish in their school life.
Getting your hands on valuable teaching materials is not nearly as difficult as it can seem at first. The Internet has many resources for teachers, most of them free, that can significantly increase the contents of your teaching toolbox. You can also make your own materials. Every learning material you develop will be an asset to you when you next teach a similar unit. An investment of time or money in good teaching materials is an investment in good teaching.
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© 2011 - 2018 Paydayloansnsj.info. All rights reserved.YAZARLARIMIZ
Michael Coleman
Okulda iken yazar olmak aklının ucundan bile geçmemişti. Anadili olan İngilizcede iyi değildi; ama matematikte, fizikte ve futbolda çok iyiydi. İdeali futbolcu olmaktı ama istediğini elde edemedi. O da boş kalmamak için üniversiteye başladı. Matematik ve bilgisayar dersleri aldı (futbol hayaller kurmadığı zamanlarda)... 1993'te bilgisayarcılığı tamamen bıraktı ve bütün zamanını yazarlığa ayırdı. Artık hayal kurmaktan biraz daha öteye giderek futbol hakkında kitaplar da yazıyor.
Diana Kimpton
Küçük bir çocukken izlediği programlardan etkilenerek kafasından masallar uydururdu. Ama okulda İngilizce derslerinden hoşlanmadığı için yazar olmayı hiç düşünmemişti. Bu yüzden kendini bildi bileli hikâyeler anlatıyor. Okulu bitirdikten sonra önce matematik öğretmeni sonra da anne oldu. En sonunda da yazar… İnsanları güldürmeyi seven yazar, mizahi üslubunun kitaplarına yansımasından çok hoşlanıyor. Bu yüzden ciddi konuları matrak bir şekilde anlatan Eğlenceli Bilgi kitaplarına bayılıyor.
Terry Deary
Terry Deary 3 ocak 1946’da Sunderland’da doğdu. Kariyerine 1972 yılında aktör olarak başladı.yönetmen, müze müdürü, drama öğretmeni ve televizyon sunucusu olarak da çalıştı. 38 yıldır da kitap yazıyor.
Okur Bülteni AboneliğiIN 2004, Extension directors and administrators from around the country realized the Internet and new technologies were going to play a vital role in the future of the Cooperative Extension system. As a result, they decided to create eXtension (pronounced e-extension), an interactive learning site that aims to deliver objective, research-based, credible knowledge to help growers solve problems in real time. “Its goal is to bring the resources of the U.S. Cooperative Extension System, found in nearly every U.S. county, to existing and new audiences via new technologies,” says Terry Meisenbach, communications and marketing leader of the eXtension Initiative.
The initiative is formed around communities of interest that include groups of individuals who share interests in common topics. Then, Cooperative Extension experts from land grant universities formed communities of practice. “These communities of practice work collaboratively to develop content found at www.extension.org,” Meisenbach says. “Content is peer reviewed and continues the objective, credible, and research-based traditions of traditional Cooperative Extension.”
eXtension is funded by an assessment that all directors and administrators pay based on their Smith-Lever (federal formula funds) funding, as well as by a federal grant program, New Technologies for Agricultural Extension.
There currently are approximately 60 different communities of practice on the site, including All About Blueberries, Apples, Bee Management, Grapes, and Wildlife Damage Management. Meisenbach says new communities of practice are being added all the time. eXtension also is using resources like Facebook and Twitter to interact with eXtension users and incorporate their input into Extension projects. “We welcome any and all to come to eXtension and become part of any of our communities,” Meisenbach says.We have a wealth of astronomical satellites from various organisations circling around the Earth staring at numerous astronomical targets. But on a given time, where do they exactly look at? Each satellite project has its own devoted time schedule retrievable from the web, giving information about observations done in the past, observations foreseen in the near-future (i.e., short-term), and observations foreseen in the far future (i.e., long-term). All have different ways and styles to retrieve and display the schedules. This makes it extremely cumbersome to see what a satellite is observing or did observe at a given time or will observe in the future; comparing schedules from different satellites are even harder.
Combine the past and future time schedules of satellites into a common calendar and make the information easily accessible. This can be done as an app or a website.
- A first set-up of the project was done (mySpaceCal.com), but it is not satisfactory yet. Clearly, a different touch is needed: things need to be improved or changed, and speeded up. Are there alternative ways to retrieve and display the data? We encourage creative enthusiasts to develop more ideas for mySpaceCal, such as making it also accessible for smartphones through a web-based or stand-alone App.
- First focus on satellites observing in a common wavelength, e.g., X-rays, investigating exotic objects in the sky such as black holes: Chandra, INTEGRAL, NuSTAR, RXTE, Suzaku, Swift, and XMM-Newton. What are the targets of the day, of the week, of the month? The next step is to extend the calendar with other satellites, observing gamma-rays (AGILE, Fermi), and other wavelengths (Herschel, Hubble Space Telescope, Spitzer).
- The various time schedules should be made accessible in an easy-to-use, simple format. For example, the timelines should reflect what the targets of a satellite is on a given day, week or month. Start and end times of the observations should be taken into account. More detailed information about the target (e.g., satellite, target, sky coordinates, start and end time, instrument info) should be available to users who would like to obtain it.
- The tool should be developed such that it is easy to add new or other observatories. Also, one should be able to select the observatories one wishes to see the schedules of. The modules for the different observatories should also be flexible enough to allow to revise the URL of the observing schedules, and to capture possible changes in the format of the time schedules.
1. Past schedule can be retrieved from: http://xmm2.esac.esa.int/external/xmm_sched/sched_obs_srch_frame.shtml (input a revolution)
2. Upcoming short-term schedules: http://xmm2.esac.esa.int/external/xmm_sched/short_term_schedule.php
3. Long-term plan: http://xmm.esac.esa.int/external/xmm_sched/advance_plan.shtml#adv_plan
HST (NASA/ESA) Upcominghttp://www.stsci.edu/~inr/thisweek1/thisweekonhst.html
Upcoming short-term schedule for HST.
Past schedules can be retrieved from: http://www.swift.psu.edu/operations/obsSchedule.php + selecting AFST (As-Flown Science Timeline)
Upcoming short-term schedules: http://www.swift.psu.edu/operations/obsSchedule.php + selecting PPST (Pre-Planned Science Timeline)
Past schedules. Upcoming short-term schedule can be found here: http://www.stsci.edu/~inr/thisweek1/thisweekonhst.html.
Past schedules: http://www.srl.caltech.edu/NuSTAR_Public/NuSTAROperationSite/AFT_Public.php
Upcoming short-term schedule: http://www.srl.caltech.edu/NuSTAR_Public/NuSTAROperationSite/Download.php?file=sr-schedule.txt
Long-term plan: http://www.srl.caltech.edu/NuSTAR_Public/NuSTAROperationSite/Download.php?file=lr-schedule.txt
1. Past and upcoming short-term observing schedules can be retrieved from: http://integral.esac.esa.int/isocweb/schedule.html?action=intro
2. Long-term plan: http://integral.esac.esa.int/isoc/html/schedules/AO10_Long_Term_Plan.html (note that the name of the file is time dependent!)
1. Past schedules can be retrieved from: http://cxc.harvard.edu/target_lists/stscheds/oldscheds.html
/>2. Upcoming short-term schedules: http://cxc.harvard.edu/target_lists/stscheds/index.html
3. Long-term plan: http://cxc.harvard.edu/target_lists/longsched.html
1. Past schedule: http://darts.isas.jaxa.jp/astro/tables/SUZAKU_LOG.html
2. Upcoming short-term schedules: http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/suzaku/schedule/shortterm/
3. Long-term plan: http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/suzaku/schedule/preliminary/ and http://www.astro.isas.ac.jp/suzaku/schedule/longterm/ao7_4.html (note that the name of the file is time dependent!)
Note: not operational any more
1. Past schedule can be retrieved from: http://heasarc.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/xte/SOF/Schedules/index.php
1. Past schedule: http://herschel.esac.esa.int/logrepgen/observationlist.do
2. Upcoming short-term schedules: http://herschel.esac.esa.int/observing/ScheduleReport.html
1. Past schedules can be retrieved from: http://irsa.ipac.caltech.edu/data/SPITZER/docs/spitzermission/observingprograms/observinglogs/ and http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/warmmission/scheduling/observinglogs/
2. Upcoming short-term schedules can be retrieved from: http://ssc.spitzer.caltech.edu/warmmission/scheduling/observinglogs/
1. Past and upcoming schedules: http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/observations/timeline/posting
2. Check it against http://fermi.gsfc.nasa.gov/ssc/observations/timeline/reconciliation
Source Code for MySpaceCalhttp://data.spaceappschallenge.org/mySpaceCal.tar.gz
The source code for the current version of MySpaceCal
The following projects are solving this challenge:
We are working on the My Space CAL. Our goals were to improve the existing MySpaceCal. A new API to house the data will be created, as well as writing scripts
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的阻塞、结束、退出系统调用，以及其栈的增长，都会使调度器进行一轮调度。除此之外，用户程序对某些标准库函数的调用也会触发一轮调度流程。比如，对runtime.Gosched 函数的调用会让当前的G暂停运行，并让出CPU给其他的G。这其中就有一轮调度流程的功劳。又比如，调用runtime.Goexit 函数会结束当前G的运行，也会进行一轮调度。
全力查找可运行的G
这个是指调度器会为空闲的M去找可运行的G，让M把这些G运行起来，尽量不让M闲着。调度器会从各种G队列中和网络I/O轮询器中（存放着正在进行网络IO的G容器）获取可运行的G给M去运行，甚至还会进行工作窃取（本地M从其他P的G队列偷取可运行的G来运行）。
go调度器需要查找可运行的G时可以调用runtime.findrunnable 函数，该函数会返回一个处于Grunnable 状态的G进行查找可运行G
调度器全力查找可运行的G的顺序是：先从本地P的可运行G队列和调度器的可运行G队列找，没有的话再从网络IO轮询器中找，还没有的话则从其他P的可运行G队列找（工作窃取），如果还找不到调度器就会停止当前的M。在之后的某个时刻，该M被唤醒之后，它会重新进入“全力查找可运行的G”的子流程。
关于网络IO轮询器，我们需要知道当某一个G进行网络读写时，会进入一个等待状态(Gwaiting状态)并被放入到网络IO轮询器中，并且多路复用器（如epoll或者kqueue）会监听这个G的读事件或写事件并在这个事件上绑定一个回调函数，而当这个G完成了读写操作时，就会触发事件上的回调函数从而将这个G从Gwaiting状态转为Grunnable的可运行状态。而调度器从网络IO轮询器获取可运行的G只需直接拿Grunnable状态的G即可。
如果某个M正在查找可运行的G（或者说是调度器通过某个M查找可运行的G），那么这个M所处的状态就是自旋状态，我们称之为自旋M，因为此时M既没有睡眠也没有在工作，而是在不停寻找G，这个过程是消耗CPU的，是cpu密集型操作。
如果一个M（我们称之为M1）始终没有找到可运行的G而休眠，其他M（称之为M2）在工作过程会顺便找到可运行的G，并在找到时将之前睡眠的M唤醒。实际上M2是将自己预连的P转交给M1进行关联，让M1获取这个P中的G进行工作。
这里需要说明的是，我们已知Go的网络请求接口全部使用的异步非阻塞的系统调用，因此G进行网络IO操作的时候是不会阻塞住内核线程M的，这意味着可以减少内核对内核线程M的上下文切换，和减少M的空闲时间。当然了，Go的网络读写其底层虽然是用的异步非阻塞的系统调用，但是Go把他们封装成类看似阻塞的方法提供给我们使用。
更多细节
g0和m0
每个M都会拥有一个特殊的G，一般称为M的g0 。g0 管辖的内存称为M的调度栈。可以说，M的g0 对应于操作系统为相应线程创建的栈。
g0 不是由“go 函数()”的方式生成的，而是由Go运行时系统在初始化M时创建的。g0 一般用于执行调度、垃圾回收、栈管理等方面的任务（因此其实调度器本质上就是g0）。顺便提一下，M还会拥有一个专用于处理信号的G，称为gsignal。
除了g0 之外，其他由M运行的G都可以视作用户级别的G，简称用户G，而它们的g0 和gsignal 都可以称为系统G。Go运行时系统会进行切换，以使M都可以交替运行用户G和它的g0 。g0 不会被阻塞，也不会包含在任何G队列或列表中。此外，它的栈也不会在垃圾回收期间被扫描。
除了每个M都有属于它自己的g0 之外，还存在一个runtime.g0。runtime.g0用于执行引导程序（go程序初始化时运行的程序），它运行在Go程序拥有的第一个内核线程中，这个内核线程也称为runtime.m0。runtime.m0的g0 即runtime.g0。
其实main函数或者说main goroutine就是在runtime.m0上运行的。而执行到 go func1() 的时候，会创建或者复用一个G来封装这个func1且并发的运行func1
Go的垃圾回收
Go的GC是基于CMS（Concurrent Mark-Sweep，并发的标记-清扫）算法。调度器会自动在特定条件下执行垃圾回收（GC会在为Go程序分配的内存翻倍增长时被触发），系统监测任务在必要时也会进行强制GC。不
GC有3种执行模式
gcBackgroundMode 。并发地执行垃圾收集（也可称标记）和清扫。
gcForceMode 。串行地执行垃圾收集（即执行时停止调度），但并发地执行清扫。
gcForceBlockMode 。串行地执行垃圾收集和清扫。
调度器驱使的自动GC和系统监测任务中的强制GC，都会以gcBackgroundMode 模式执行。但是，前者会检查Go程序当前的内存使用量，仅当使用增量过大时才真正执行GC。然而，后者会无视这个前提条件。
我们可以通过环境变量GODEBUG 控制自动GC的并发性。只要使其值包含gcstoptheworld=1 或gcstoptheworld=2 ，就可以让GC的执行模式由gcBackgroundMode 变为gcForceMode 或gcForceBlockMode 。这相当于让并发的GC进入（易于）调试模式。
简单地讲，GC会在为Go程序分配的内存翻倍增长时被触发。
关闭自动GC就意味着我们要在程序中手动GC了，否则程序占用的内存即使不再使用也不会被回收。调用runtime.GC 函数可以手动触发一次GC，不过这个GC函数会阻塞调用方直到GC完成。这种情况下的GC会以gcForceBlockMode 模式执行。这里不再展开它的GC算法详情，感兴趣的读者可以自行查资料。
runtime包的一些控制goroutine的方法
runtime.GOMAXPROCS
设置运行时系统(runtime)的P的最大数量。这样做会引起“Stop the world”，所以我强烈建议应用程序尽量早地，并且更好的方式是设置环境变量GOMAXPROCS 。
runtime.Goexit 函数
调用runtime.Goexit 函数之后，会立即使当前goroutine的运行终止，而其他goroutine并不会受此影响。runtime.Goexit 函数在终止当前goroutine之前，会先执行该goroutine中所有还未执行的defer 语句。
该函数会把被终止的goroutine置于Gdead 状态，并将其放入本地P 的自由G列表，然后触发调度器的一轮调度流程。
请注意，千万不要在主goroutine中调用runtime.Goexit 函数，否则会引发panic。
runtime.Gosched 函数
runtime.Gosched 函数的作用是暂停当前goroutine的运行（其实就是手动切换，从运行当前goroutine变为运行其他goroutine，也可以说是人为干预调度）。当前goroutine会被置为Grunnable 状态，并放入调度器的可运行G队列；这也是使用“暂停”这个词的原因。经过调度器的调度，该goroutine马上就会再次运行。
runtime.NumGoroutine 函数
runtime.NumGoroutine 函数在被调用后，会返回当前Go运行时系统中处于非Gdead 状态的用户G的数量。这些goroutine被视为“活跃的”或者“可被调度运行的”。该函数的返回值总会大于等于1 。
runtime.LockOSThread 函数和runtime.UnlockOSThread 函数
对前者的调用会使当前goroutine与当前M锁定在一起，而对后者的调用则会解除这样的锁定。多次调用前者不会造成任何问题，但是只有最后一次调用会生效，可以想象成对同一个变量的多次赋值。另一方面，即使在之前没有调用过前者，对后者的调用也不会产生任何副作用。
runtime/debug.SetMaxStack 函数
runtime/debug.SetMaxStack 函数的功能是约束单个goroutine所能申请栈空间的最大size。已知，在main 函数及init 函数真正执行之前，主goroutine会对此数值进行默认设置。250 MB和1 GB分别是在32位和64位的计算机系统下的默认值。
runtime/debug.SetMaxThreads 函数
runtime/debug.SetMaxThreads 函数的作用是对Go运行时系统所使用的内核线程的数量（也可以认为是M的数量）进行设置。在引导程序中，该数量被设置成了10 000。这对于操作系统和Go程序来说，都已经是一个足够大的值了。
如果调用此函数时给定的新值比运行时系统当前正在使用的M的数量还要小的话，就会引发一个panic。如果程序运行中M增长到大于M最大数量的设定，运行时系统就会发起一个同样的panic。
在实际开发中，这些函数几乎不会被用到，而且也要少用。
最后需要提醒一点的是：
虽然G的创建和切换成本远小于M，但是也不意味着我们可以无限制的创建大量的G，因为大量的G创建会增加栈内存的占用和调度器负担加重，对内存和cpu的消耗都是我们需要考虑的。因此，即使是使用goroutine也要有意识的去限制其并发量不能过大。
Goroutine阻塞（重点）
G阻塞分为以下4种情况：
1. 由于原子、互斥量或通道操作调用导致 Goroutine 阻塞
调度器将把当前阻塞的 Goroutine 切换出去（相当于调用了runtime.Goexit，把当前的goroutine从运行中的状态换成Grunnable状态并放入可运行G队列中），当前M会换其他的goroutine运行。
该情况的G阻塞不会阻塞内核线程M，因此不会导致M的上下文切换而只涉及到G的切换。
如下图：
如果G1是被chan阻塞住的话，情况会和上图中的有所不同，G1不会回到当前P的可运行G队列，而是被挂在了chan的recvq和sendq这两个队列中，我们将在下一节介绍chan通道的时候对此说明。
2. 由于网络请求和文件IO 操作导致 Goroutine 阻塞
之前说过go的网络IO其实用的是异步非阻塞的系统调用结合多路复用器的事件监听机制，所以当前G会由于IO事件未就绪而被切换，但是不会阻塞M。另外，Go的文件IO其实也是使用的异步的系统调用和多路复用的事件监听优化。
该情况的G阻塞不会阻塞内核线程M，因此不会导致M的上下文切换而只涉及到G的切换。
如下图：
3. 由于调用阻塞的系统调用时导致的goroutine阻塞
这种情况会导致当前M阻塞，内核会进行M的切换。而与当前M关联的当前P不会等待M的阻塞，因为这意味当前P下的所有G都无法执行，所以此时P会与当前M解除关联，转而关联到另一个内核线程M2，M2可能时新创建的内核线程，也可能时之前空闲的内核线程被唤醒来执行P的G
如下图：
4. 由于调用time.Sleep或者ticker计时器会导致Goroutine阻塞
这种情况和情况2相似，不会阻塞当前M。Chi cerca trova
S10 Ep11 - Nel Suffolk, Drew e' affascinato dalle sete storiche utilizzate in passato nella casa reale. E in un castello in Scozia, negozia con un giovane barone.
CHI CERCA TROVADrew Pritchard e' uno dei migliori antiquari del Regno Unito. Sempre a caccia di anticaglie, Drew viaggia in lungo e in largo il paese in cerca di oggetti strani e particolari da riparare e restaurare. E con una serie di clienti provenienti da tutti i ceti sociali, come pure uno spazio dedicato nel grande magazzino di lusso di Londra, il Liberty, da mantenere rifornito, il lavoro di Drew non e' mai finito. Riuscira' a trovare nuovi inafferrabili tesori in questa nuova serie?Serie di farmaci più usati e più abusati, set di 5 DVD
- Questo set di 5 DVD tratta gli argomenti delle droghe più usate e abusate
- Gli argomenti includono il binge drinking, il fumo, l'alcol, il tabacco e la marijuana
- I DVD durano 17-25 minuti
Questo set di 5 DVD tratta gli argomenti delle droghe più usate e abusate. Gli argomenti includono il binge drinking, il fumo, l'alcol, il tabacco e la marijuana. I DVD durano 17-25 minuti. Le guide del leader sono disponibili online.
Il set include uno dei seguenti titoli:
Una conversazione via telefono cellulare ci informa che Justin è morto dopo essere svenuto giocando a Hot Shots, un gioco di alcolici. Gli studenti condividono esperienze di blackout, violenze, incontri di stupri con appuntamenti ed emergenze da avvelenamento da alcol, mentre gli amici e le famiglie delle vittime raccontano agli studenti il pesante prezzo che hanno pagato.
Jill manda un messaggio a Zoey con la notizia che ha rotto con il suo ragazzo a causa del suo fumo. In tutto il DVD, Jill e Zoey discutono degli aspetti negativi del fumo e di come divide gli adolescenti socialmente.
Gli studenti delle scuole superiori popolari presentano informazioni rivoluzionarie sugli effetti dell'alcol sullo sviluppo del cervello per gli studenti delle scuole medie. Il messaggio in questo DVD di peer education è chiaro: il consumo di alcol non è né salutare né cool.
Una chat di messaggi di testo tra fratelli dà il via a questo DVD, un video di successo che combina umorismo e orrore in un formato memorabile per portare a casa il messaggio che la nicotina ti attira, mentre il catrame nel tabacco ti uccide.
Un tipico dibattito tra studenti sull'uso della marijuana, conduce questo DVD di prevenzione. Presenta gli studenti che hanno imparato a proprie spese la marijuana, trasmettendo la loro conoscenza che dà inizio a uno stile di vita basato sull'uso di droghe.Kayseri'de 'silahlı terör örgütüne yardım etme' suçundan tutuksuz yargılanan İngilizce öğretmeni mahkemece beraat etti.Kayseri
4. Ağır Ceza Mahkemesi'nde görülen davada tutuksuz sanık E.Ö.(38) ile avukatı hazır bulundu.
Örgüte ait Bank Asya
'ya para yatırdığı iddiasıyla tutuksuz yargılanan sanık E.Ö., mahkemede yaptığı savunmasında "2009 yılında hesap açtırdım. Diğer banka her yıl benden habersiz para kestiği için, diğer bankaya kızıp bu bankaya hesap açtırmıştım ama aktif kullanmadım. 2015'te nişanlandım ve para biriktirmem gerekiyordu. Banka TMSF'ye geçtikten sonra devlete geçtiği için kuşku duymadan hiç kullanmadığım hesaba bir miktar yatırdım. 2016'da kapattım" diye konuştu.
Duruşma savcısı sanığın örgüt liderinin talimatı sonrası değil, aksine TMSF'ye geçtikten sonra para yatırdığının tespit edildiğini, sanığın beraatını istedi.
Mahkeme heyeti yapılan yargılama sonucu 'örgüte yardım etme' suçundan yargılanan tutuksuz sanık E.Ö.'ye beraat kararı verdi. - KAYSERİ
Kaynak: İHAIl concetto di numero è presente in moltissime culture fin dai tempi più antichi, anche se, presso molti popoli "primitivi", la nozione di calcolo si risolve nella enumerazione di oggetti di solito di ordine materiale. Prima di provare il bisogno di scrivere i numeri gli uomini si sono accontentati di far corrispondere alle unità da contare piccoli oggetti, di segnare una pietra, o di incidere tacche su pezzi di legno. Le prime necessità di contare sono legate alla registrazione di beni, provviste (img), capi di bestiame, ma anche alla misurazione del tempo e ai primi commerci. L'invenzione delle scritture matematiche, o di insiemi di segni tali da consentire calcoli di una certa complessità, rientra in quella più generale della scrittura, e caratterizza le prime grandi civiltà dove i sistemi numerici rispondono a finalità di ordine amministrativo e religioso.The Christian Bible has a unique place in the history of the book. Before the advent of printing in the West no text was so frequently revered by the faithful, laboured over by scribes and illuminators, studied by scholars and coveted by the rich and powerful. Surviving handwritten copies, or manuscripts, of the Bible include the finest specimens of their times of the arts of calligraphy, illumination and book-production; some, although more humble in outward appearance, preserve unique or significant readings that shape the modern text of the Bible. Many Bibles were written and decorated by monks and other members of religious communities, as part of their life of sacrificial praise of God, others by professional craftsmen for lay readers. Some were intended for personal study and meditation, some for reading and as a physical symbol of the Word of God within a Christian community, and others for evangelizing or for missionary purposes. Bible manuscripts thereby reveal not only the remarkable history of an extraordinarily influential text, but also map the development of the book before the invention of printing.
A small selection of biblical manuscripts held in the British Library is illustrated here, divided chronologically into five sections. Click on the image for a brief description of each manuscript included, and a short explanation of its importance within the history of the Bible. Further illustrations and manuscripts are available by searching the Catalogue of Illuminated Manuscripts for ‘Bible’, ‘Psalter’, ‘Gospels’, and ‘Testament’. For images of these and other biblical manuscripts in printed format see Scot McKendrick and Kathleen Doyle, Bible Manuscripts: 1400 Years of Scribes and Scripture (London: British Library, 2007).Minor Child Power of Attorney Forms
A Minor Child Power of Attorney form is a legal document that allows a parent or guardian to elect a trustworthy adult to take care of their child in their absence. The form is commonly used by parents that will need to leave their child(ren), whether due to military active duty, traveling, long-term medical treatment, a prison sentence, or another valid reason.
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ويراستار: رسول رحيمسجاد هاشمی - عضو هیات مدیره شهرک صنعتی عباس آباد در برنامه تیتر امشب شبکه خبر با موضوع " راهکار های بازگشت واحدهای صنعتی به چرخه تولید" گفت: ناکارآمدی قوانین کسب و کار از دلایل اصلی خارج شدن برخی شرکت ها از رونق است.
وی افزود: اجرا نشدن قانون مالیات بر ارزش افزوده آسیب جدی به تولید زده است.
هاشمی گفت: مالیات ارزش افزوده قانون خوبی است اما ده سال است که این قانون غلط اجرا می شود.
وی افزود: از 88 تا 98 قانون ارزش افزوده اجرا می شود اما ما نتوانستیم مشمولیت این قانون را جامع کنیم.
هاشمی گفت: قانون مالیات بر ارزش افزوده چک سفید امضا در دست دولتِ و نیازمند نظارت جدی مجلس است.
سعید باستانی - سخنگوی کمیسیون صنایع و معادن مجلس گفت: در کنار قانون ارزش افزوده باید چند کار دیگر هم انجام می شد که بستر این قانون فراهم شود.
وی افزود: با قانون مالیات بر ارزش افزوده می شد فرایند مصرف را کنترل کرد.
سخنگوی کمیسیون صنایع و معادن مجلس گفت: این قانون تا کامل اجرا نشود؛ ایرادات آن قابل شناسایی نیست.
باستانی افزود: عمده مشکل تولید، علاوه بر قوانین بخصوص قانون مالیات بر ارزش افزوده، بازار سرمایه است.
باستانی افزود: اصلاح ساختار نظام بانکی یک ضرورت است.
وی گفت: در کشور باید راهبرد توسعه صنعت وجود داشته باشد. قبل از تولید باید بازار مصرف، تکنولوژی و سرمایه مشخص باشد.
سخنگوی کمیسیون صنایع و معادن مجلس افزود: دولت باید بستر لازم را برای راهبرد توسعه صنعت به وجود بیاورد.
معاون برنامهریزی سازمان صنایع کوچک و شهرکهای صنعتی هم گفت: در نیمه اول امسال(98) و درشهرک های صنعتی بالغ بر 538 واحد صنعتی به چرخه تولید بازگشته اند.
محمدعلی عزیزمحمدی با بیان اینکه 85 هزار واحد صنعتی دارای پروانه بهره برداری هستند، افزود:حدود 45 هزار واحد آنها در شهرک ها و نواحی صنعتی مستقر هستند.
اوگفت: پیش بینی ما بر بازگشت 2 هزار واحد صنعتی به چرخه تولید است.
معاون برنامهریزی سازمان صنایع کوچک و شهرکهای صنعتی با بیان اینکه 816 شهرک و ناحیه صنعتی احداث شده و فعال هستند، گفت: 23 درصد از واحدهایی که در شهرک ها مستقر هستند از چرخه تولید بازمانده اند.
عزیزمحمدی فعال کردن واحدهای صنعتی را از محورهای اصلی وزارت صمت اعلام کرد.Çalışmaların Bu döngü, öncelikle geliştirilmesi amaçlanıyor: bilimsel alanda sistematik bir anlayış kapasitesi; bilimsel alanla ilişkili yetkinlikler, beceri ve araştırma yöntemleri; , gebe tasarım, uyum ve akademik kalite ve dürüstlük standartlarına tarafından dayatılan şartları saygı önemli bir araştırma gerçekleştirmek için yeteneği. Çalışmanın Bu ders, bilgi ve doktora uzmanlık dalına uygun bu amaç için özel olarak tasarlanmış orijinal bir tez hazırlanması, gerektirir. Zorunlu müfredat bileşeni olmasına rağmen, doktora öğrencileri geliştirmek için adayın eğitim ve araştırma çalışmalarına göre, bazı dersleri tutmak için tavsiye seçilebilir.
Özellikleri: Program Geliştirme; Çevre Eğitimi ve Sürdürülebilir; Fen Eğitimi; Matematik eğitimi; Eğitim Felsefesi; Okuryazarlık ve Öğretim Portekizce; Organizasyon ve Okul Yönetimi; Eğitim politikası; Eğitim Psikolojisi; Eğitim Sosyolojisi; Denetleme; Eğitim Teknolojisi
Bu okul şu programları sunmaktadır:
- IngilizceWhen we hit the economic downturn of the late 2000s, electric usage declined in most developed regions such as Europe, Japan, and the U.S. One of the big debates in today’s electric business is what to expect for future load growth. Historically, electric usage has been closely tied to economic growth and lifestyle gains. As gross domestic product grows, so does electric usage, and people’s lives are assumed to be better off. So the assumption is that as economic activity picks up, so will electric demand. But lately, forecasters have questioned whether it is time to reconsider that assumption.
The Concept of Net Zero Buildings
What factors could break the link between economic growth and energy usage? One is a shift from a more intensive electric use from industrial activity to a less intensive use from the services sector. The second is a shift to a more efficient use of electricity. One area with significant potential for more efficient use is the building sector. Indeed, it is now not only possible but in some cases economically practicable to build homes and businesses with net zero energy use. What does net zero mean? Simply that the building produces at least as much energy as it consumes. There are two steps to accomplishing this goal:
- Incorporate as much energy efficiency into the building as possible so that the energy needed to attain expected comfort levels is as low as possible.
- Incorporate renewable energy so that the building produces energy as well as consuming it.
Net Zero is Being Done Today
The question by most people when they first hear of this concept is “Isn’t this really expensive?” Innovative builders are proving it doesn’t have to be. The developer New Town recently built a $424,000 net-zero home in Denver, Colorado. The developer’s price is $26,900 higher than the same home without net-zero features . Considering that a typical energy bill in Colorado is more than $200/month and that the incremental amount financed in a 30-year mortgage would only cost about $130/month at current interest rates, it actually might be cost beneficial to go with the net-zero option assuming financing is available.
The concept is now moving from individual homes to whole neighborhoods. University of California – Davis is now building West Village, which will be the largest net-zero energy community in the U.S. with the intention of demonstrating that the concept of net zero is practicable on a large scale . The first phase of the project was completed in 2011 when about 800 students, faculty, and staff moved into new apartments. Using the principles of net-zero construction, energy efficiency was designed into the buildings from Day One. Features include solar reflective roofing; radiant barrier roof sheathing; extra insulation; high-efficiency lighting, air-conditioning, and appliances; roof overhangs; and window sunshades. The buildings use approximately 50% of the energy that would be utilized if they had been constructed to California’s current building codes (which are some of the strictest in the nation from the standpoint of requiring energy efficiency). To achieve the net-zero goal, the development contracted with solar developer SunPower to install a 4 MW photovoltaic solar system.
Can Net Zero Be Extended to Commercial Buildings?
So if net-zero buildings are feasible for residential construction, are they also feasible for commercial buildings? California certainly thinks so. The California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) established a strategic energy plan in 2008 that included strategies to make all new residential construction in the state net-zero by 2020 and all new commercial construction net-zero by 2030. Rather than just sitting back after releasing these optimistic strategies, the state developed specific action plans through a collaborative process called Engage 360 . The task force already lists a number of successful net-zero commercial buildings in California including IDeAs Z Squared Design Facility in SanJose, Audubon Center at Debs Park in Los Angeles, the Challengers Tennis Club in Los Angeles, the Environmental Technology Center in Rohnert Park, and Packard Foundation Headquarters in Los Altos. Elsewhere, large net-zero commercial buildings have been built or are being planned including the Oregon Sustainability Center in Portland, Oregon , which will begin construction in late 2012; National Renewable Energy Lab buildings in Golden, Colorado , completed in 2010 and 2011; the Elithis Tower in Dijon, France, which makes the claim to be the world’s first energy-positive office tower ; and the National Institute of Environmental Research building in Incheon, South Korea, which claims not only to be net-zero energy but also to be net-zero carbon .
newest sustainable green building and was completed in October 2011.
(Photo courtesy of NREL’s Photographic Information Exchange).
What Impact Could Net Zero Have?
It will take time and many more successful projects before net-zero buildings can prove themselves as the prevailing paradigm, but the current research and knowledge being gained opens the door for a potential future of dramatically lower net energy usage by residential and commercial buildings. The Rocky Mountain Institute suggests by 2050 the average building could use ½ to ¾ less energy than today . What impact might this have on the overall energy picture? Studies show that over 40% of the energy consumed in the U.S. is consumed by residential and commercial buildings. So, if Net Zero allows us to reduce demand by 50%, we would drop our energy consumption by 20%. This scenario introduces a whole new concept: economic growth coupled with reductions in energy usage.
By Bob Shively, Enerdynamics’ President and Lead InstructorThe Failure of Technology - Friedrich Georg Junger
INTRODUCTION Friedrich Georg Jünger's The Failure of Technology (Die Perfektion der Technik,1946) was written under the shadow of World War IT – the threat of a German sky black with enemy aircraft that splattered fire and death on the burnt-out caves of industrial man. "Lava, ashes, fumes, smoke, night-clouds lit up by fire" – the landscape of twentieth-century man erupts, in Jünger's pages, like a volcano returning man's boasted artifacts to that first wilderness that stretched back beyond the age of the gods. This book is the sombre meditation of a poet who has looked into chaos, even into hell, and who has not flinched. But man was made for hope. Karl Jaspers and others have criticized Jünger severely for concentrating exclusively on the destructive and demonic power of technology. They have accused him of writing a one-sided document. Their very contention heightens the significance of his achievement. Jünger has not told us that the future belongs necessarily to a technocratic slave state. He has not predicted a century of mass men, faceless and without hearts – a century of robots marching over the parched desert of a mechanized west. He has not written an apocalyptic proclaiming a new iron age. He has done something else, something that badly needed doing: he has shown us the essence of technology. In so doing, he has revealed western man standing at the crossroads of history. To know the essence of technology is to know that the control of technological power implies much more than its humanization, its direction into channels which are in accord with human dignity, much more than a hasty baptism of the machine by men eager to absorb the new world into the ethos of our Christian inheritance. All the evils of the age cannot be blamed on the bad will of men who misuse machines; some of them are intrinsic to the very nature of the machine itself. The control of technology means a severe limitation of its hitherto unchecked growth, a limitation demanding an almost savage asceticism on the part of an age drunk, not merely with the synthetic emotions and pleasures manufactured hourly by the entertainment factories, but with dreams of power and of the conquest of outer space. As Gabriel Marcel has said, it is easy to take up technics; it is almost
impossible to lay them down. Once man has assumed what is both a promise and a burden, once he has tasted the temptation of absolute power, he will never be the same again. The modern world, stamped as it is with the image of the machine, must learn to look technology in the face and read its essence, soberly and without illusion. Jünger writes as a poet shocked by the ravages of a technology within which the elemental forces of creation, chained and directed into technological ends, have spread demonically and erupted into history to exact their revenge upon man himself. Jünger writes as a poet, but he also writes as a philosopher who understands the nature of the rationalized, the abstract thought which lies at the center of modern science. It is upon this aspect of his achievement that I would concentrate in my introduction to his work: – It is not only the scientist, however, who abstracts: everyone does. Abstraction is necessary in order that man may cooperate with nature, because unless he can do so he dies. Abstraction is a practical necessity for survival. In the non-technologized modes of production and work, abstraction is never found in a pure state; there it is a simple means to a practical end. When man abstracted the nature of a circle from the wood of the tree, he immediately reintegrated the form with the wood itself because his wheel was to be made of wood. Discrimination in the non-technologized order is but a preliminary phase of understanding which terminates in a judgement looking to things as they really exist. The materials of construction are never far from underived nature, and the form given the tool is often discovered in the very stuff from which the tool is made. Abstraction as a habit of thought in and of itself, as a deliberate, willed concentration on one segment of reality to the suppression of the whole, however, is not characteristic of artisan and peasant societies. The partial alienation from existence involved in merely technical or artistic abstraction is immediately overcome by an artistic judgement – a judgement bearing on a thing to be made. The artisan or peasant who uses abstraction in this way uses it as little more than an instrument; it has no more value than it would were it a tool itself. Like a tool, abstraction in this order has but one crucial
function: the integration of man with reality for the sake of human living. But abstraction may be given other ends. When I abstract a reality, an object is constituted for my intelligence; a world is disengaged for the reason, a world that can be understood on its own terms only so long as it is held before the intelligence in that act alone. To abstract the nature of circle for the sake of making a wheel is not to render full "justice" to the circle as such. "Justice" is done the circle when it is understood simply as a circle, as an intelligible form partaking of the nature of quantity, as a mathematical object. Technological thought, as distinct from merely technical or artistic thinking, demands a steady and deliberate abstract consideration of the cosmos, of nature, and of man, in order that they might be described in purely mathematical terms. By ignoring the irreducibility of the being of things – unique and unrepeatable –modern science found it was possible to unite all things under the concept of quantity. Since measurable quantities can be predicted, they can be controlled. As Jünger points out, technological rationalism makes an act of faith in the uniformity of natural laws. This act of faith stands alone as the single non-rational postulate in the credo of scientific rationalism. The characteristics of technological rationalism are so well known that it suffices merely to list them in this place: the elimination of sense qualities; the suppressing of the organic; the mechanization of time; the patterning of the world after the dead dynamism of the machine; the suppression of the richness and idiosyncrasy of personal existence; the ideal of an horizontal and featureless cosmos; the postulate that the universe is less rich and beautiful than it looks. In Jünger's mind, the clock stands as symbol and type of technological thought:Clock time is lifeless time, tempus mortuum, in which second follows second in monotonous repetition. Lifeless, clock-measured time flows along side by side with the life time of man, but aloof from it, utterly regardless of the high and the low tides of life where no two moments are
alike. To the reflective mind, the clock summons up the thought of death. The figure of the dying Charles V, pacing among the clocks in his collection and attempting to regulate their movements, emits the frost of death. He watches and he listens to the passing of time that inevitably leads to death. . . . In an era when the public clock, visible from far off, was still looked upon as a rare masterpiece, it proclaimed an unmistakable Memento mori. The rhythm of life which is one with the coming and passing of the seasons, with the flood and ebb of the tides, with the dawns and evenings of all our days, with the very birth and death of man and beast and plant upon the earth – these rhythms are not caught by the fine mechanisms of clocks and watches. Thus life is forced to measure up to the relentless beat of a machine. Time as the rhythm of eternity has been shattered; hurry and speed, "the bastards of time," as Irina Gorainoff has written, have conquered everywhere. By comparison, the modes of technology are destructive of life's rhythms in all their tragedy and their joy. A technology bent on easing the tragedy of life would be a good thing indeed. But there is no real ease. On the contrary, life is invaded as by an automaton. Nature withers. The springs of piety corrupt. Man is left to shuffle along the pavements of the modern city surrounded by, and formed in the likeness of, a dream world of puppets, of flickering shadows created by minds bent on reducing the human substance to a burlesque of the machine. There are those who believe we are living in the age of the twilight of man. Jünger is not among them. As technology, in any of its mechanisms, can come into its perfected state only by preying upon a natural order which exists independently of itself, so too technology as a habit of thought can exist only within men who, as living creatures, stand outside the world of technical organization. Technology, which is an instrument for utilizing the raw material of nature, can move toward its ultimate perfection only by impoverishing nature; the less you have to work with, the more accurate and sharp must be both the machinery used and the technological thinking
employed. The zero of nature would be the zero of a technology that had reached both its apotheosis and its death. Conversely, technical thinking, as an act of the mind of man, is qualitative and living – but life is foreign to the essence of technology. Hence the full reduction of man to a set of measurable quantities would be the end of all technics. The zero of human nature would be the zero of a technics that had reached both its apotheosis and its death. Thus the complete perfection of technology is a contradiction. It follows, therefore, that as technology approaches its asymptote, it nears its own destruction. If the thesis sounds strange to American and English ears it may be due to the ambiguity surrounding the word "perfection." It is not without significance that the original German title of Jünger's book was The Perfection of Technology . The German Perfektion does not carry the optimistic and moral overtones of its English equivalent. The German simply implies an achievement, a fullness, an actuality of something which now stands completed, finished, altogether one with its own essence. Perfektion bespeaks a purity and thus a purification of the irrelevant, a purgation of all things other than itself. Jünger insists that as technology approaches these states
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them, but with the semicircle at the top of the intersection; the third, sixth and ninth of these lines are marked with a cross where they intersect with the vertical line.
The normal method of calculation in ancient Rome, as in Greece, was by moving counters on a smooth table. Originally pebbles, calculi, were used. Later, and in medieval Europe, jetons were manufactured. Marked lines indicated units, fives, tens etc. as in the Roman numeral system. This system of 'counter casting' continued into the late Roman empire and in medieval Europe, and persisted in limited use into the tenth century. Due to Pope Sylvester II's reintroduction of the abacus with very useful modifications, it became widely used in Europe once again during the 11th century
Writing in the 1st century BC, Horace refers to the wax abacus, a board covered with a thin layer of black wax on which columns and figures were inscribed using a stylus.
One example of archaeological evidence of the Roman abacus, shown here in reconstruction, dates to the 1st century AD. It has eight long grooves containing up to five beads in each and eight shorter grooves having either one or no beads in each. The groove marked I indicates units, X tens, and so on up to millions. The beads in the shorter grooves denote fives –five units, five tens etc., essentially in a bi-quinary coded decimal system, obviously related to the Roman numerals. The short grooves on the right may have been used for marking Roman ounces.
The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC.
The Chinese abacus, known as the suànpán (算盤, lit. "Counting tray"), is typically 20 cm (8 in) tall and comes in various widths depending on the operator. It usually has more than seven rods. There are two beads on each rod in the upper deck and five beads each in the bottom for both decimal and hexadecimal computation. The beads are usually rounded and made of a hardwood. The beads are counted by moving them up or down towards the beam. If you move them toward the beam, you count their value. If you move away, you don't count their value. The suanpan can be reset to the starting position instantly by a quick jerk along the horizontal axis to spin all the beads away from the horizontal beam at the center.
Suanpans can be used for functions other than counting. Unlike the simple counting board used in elementary schools, very efficient suanpan techniques have been developed to do multiplication, division, addition, subtraction, square root and cube root operations at high speed. There are currently schools teaching students how to use it.
In the famous long scroll Along the River During the Qingming Festival painted by Zhang Zeduan (1085–1145 AD) during the Song Dynasty (960–1297 AD), a suanpan is clearly seen lying beside an account book and doctor's prescriptions on the counter of an apothecary's (Feibao).
The similarity of the Roman abacus to the Chinese one suggests that one could have inspired the other, as there is some evidence of a trade relationship between the Roman Empire and China. However, no direct connection can be demonstrated, and the similarity of the abaci may be coincidental, both ultimately arising from counting with five fingers per hand. Where the Roman model (like most modern Japanese) has 4 plus 1 bead per decimal place, the standard suanpan has 5 plus 2, allowing use with a hexadecimal numeral system. Instead of running on wires as in the Chinese and Japanese models, the beads of Roman model run in grooves, presumably making arithmetic calculations much slower.
Another possible source of the suanpan is Chinese counting rods, which operated with a decimal system but lacked the concept of zero as a place holder. The zero was probably introduced to the Chinese in the Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD) when travel in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East would have provided direct contact with India, allowing them to acquire the concept of zero and the decimal point from Indian merchants and mathematicians.
First century sources, such as the Abhidharmakosa describe the knowledge and use of abacus in India. Around the 5th century, Indian clerks were already finding new ways of recording the contents of the Abacus. Hindu texts used the term shunya (zero) to indicate the empty column on the abacus.
In Japanese, the abacus is called soroban (算盤, そろばん, lit. "Counting tray"), imported from China around 1600. The 1/4 abacus, which is suited to decimal calculation, appeared circa 1930, and became widespread as the Japanese abandoned hexadecimal weight calculation which was still common in China. The abacus is still manufactured in Japan today even with the proliferation, practicality, and affordability of pocket electronic calculators. The use of the soroban is still taught in Japanese primary schools as part of mathematics, primarily as an aid to faster mental calculation. Using visual imagery of a soroban can arrive at the answer in the same time (or faster) as obtainable with a physical instrument.
Native American abaci
Some sources mention the use of an abacus called a nepohualtzintzin in ancient Mayan culture. This Mesoamerican abacus used a 5-digit base-20 system. The word Nepohualtzintzin comes from the Nahuatl and it is formed by the roots; Ne - personal -; pohual or pohualli - the account -; and tzintzin - small similar elements. And its complete meaning was taken as: counting with small similar elements by somebody. Its use was taught in the "Kalmekak" to the "temalpouhkeh", who were students dedicated to take the accounts of skies, from childhood. Unfortunately the Nepohualtzintzin and its teaching were among the victims of the conquering destruction, when a diabolic origin was attributed to them after observing the tremendous properties of representation, precision and speed of calculations.
This arithmetic tool was based on the vigesimal system (base 20). For the aztec the count by 20s was completely natural. The amount of 4, 5, 13, 20 and other cyclees meant cycles.[clarification needed] The Nepohualtzintzin was divided in two main parts separated by a bar or intermediate cord. In the left part there were four beads, which in the first row have unitary values (1, 2, 3, and 4), and in the right side there are three beads with values of 5, 10, and 15 respectively. In order to know the value of the respective beads of the upper rows, it is enough to multiply by 20 (by each row), the value of the corresponding account in the first row.
Altogether, there were 13 rows with 7 beads in each one, which made up 91 beads in each Nepohualtzintzin. This was a basic number to understand, 7 times 13, a close relation conceived between natural phenomena, the underworld and the cycles of the heavens. One Nepohualtzintzin (91) represented the number of days that a season of the year lasts, two Nepohualtzitzin (182) is the number of days of the corn's cycle, from its sowing to its harvest, three Nepohualtzintzin (273) is the number of days of a baby's gestation, and four Nepohualtzintzin (364) completed a cycle and approximate a year (1 1/4 days short). It is worth mentioning that the Nepohualtzintzin amounted to the rank from 10 to the 18 in floating point, which calculated stellar as well as infinitesimal amounts with absolute precision, meant that no round off was allowed, when translated into modern computer arithmetic.
The rediscovery of the Nepohualtzintzin was due to the Mexican engineer David Esparza Hidalgo, who in his wanderings throughout Mexico found diverse engravings and paintings of this instrument and reconstructed several of them made in gold, jade, encrustations of shell, etc.. There have also been found very old Nepohualtzintzin attributed to the Olmeca culture, and even some bracelets of Mayan origin, as well as a diversity of forms and materials in other cultures.
George I. Sanchez, "Arithmetic in Maya", Austin-Texas, 1961 found another base 5, base 4 abacus in the Yucatán that also computed calendar data. This was a finger abacus, on one hand 0 1,2, 3, and 4 were used; and on the other hand used 0, 1, 2 and 3 were used. Note the use of zero at the beginning an end of the two cycles. Sanchez worked with Sylvanus Morley a noted Mayanist.
The quipu of the Incas was a system of knotted cords used to record numerical data, like advanced tally sticks – but not used to perform calculations. Calculations were carried out using a yupana (Quechua for "counting tool"; see figure) which was still in use after the conquest of Peru. The working principle of a yupana is unknown, but in 2001 an explanation of the mathematical basis of these instruments was proposed by Italian mathematician Nicolino De Pasquale. By comparing the form of several yupanas, researchers found that calculations were based using the Fibonacci sequence 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 and powers of 10, 20 and 40 as place values for the different fields in the instrument. Using the Fibonacci sequence would keep the number of grains within any one field at minimum.
The Russian abacus, the schoty (счёты), usually has a single slanted deck, with ten beads on each wire (except one wire which has four beads, for quarter-ruble fractions. This wire is usually near the user). (Older models have another 4-bead wire for quarter-kopeks, which were minted until 1916.) The Russian abacus is often used vertically, with wires from left to right in the manner of a book. The wires are usually bowed to bulge upward in the center, to keep the beads pinned to either of the two sides. It is cleared when all the beads are moved to the right. During manipulation, beads are moved to the left. For easy viewing, the middle 2 beads on each wire (the 5th and 6th bead) usually are of a different colour from the other eight beads. Likewise, the left bead of the thousands wire (and the million wire, if present) may have a different color.
As a simple, cheap and reliable device, the Russian abacus was in use in all shops and markets throughout the former Soviet Union, and the usage of it was taught in most schools until the 1990s. Even the 1874 invention of mechanical calculator, Odhner arithmometer, had not replaced them in Russia and likewise the mass production of Felix arithmometers since 1924 did not significantly reduce their use in the Soviet Union. Russian abacus began to lose popularity only after the mass production of microcalculators had started in the Soviet Union in 1974. Today it is regarded as an archaism and replaced by the handheld calculator.
The Russian abacus was brought to France around 1820 by the mathematician Jean-Victor Poncelet, who served in Napoleon's army and had been a prisoner of war in Russia. The abacus had fallen out of use in western Europe in the 16th century with the rise of decimal notation and algorismic methods. To Poncelet's French contemporaries, it was something new. Poncelet used it, not for any applied purpose, but as a teaching and demonstration aid.
In Western countries, a bead frame similar to the Russian abacus but with straight wires and a vertical frame has been common (see image). It is still often seen as a plastic or wooden toy.
The type of abacus shown here is often used to represent numbers without the use of place value. Each bead and each wire has the same value and used in this way it can represent numbers up to 100.
Abaci in Renaissance pictures
Uses by the blind
An adapted abacus, invented by Tim Cranmer, called a Cranmer abacus is still commonly used by individuals who are blind. A piece of soft fabric or rubber is placed behind the beads so that they do not move inadvertently. This keeps the beads in place while the users feel or manipulate them. They use an abacus to perform the mathematical functions multiplication, division, addition, subtraction, square root and cubic root.
Although blind students have benefited from talking calculators, the abacus is still very often taught to these students in early grades, both in public schools and state schools for the blind. The abacus teaches mathematical skills that can never be replaced with talking calculators and is an important learning tool for blind students. Blind students also complete mathematical assignments using a braille-writer and Nemeth code (a type of braille code for mathematics) but large multiplication and long division problems can be long and difficult. The abacus gives blind and visually impaired students a tool to compute mathematical problems that equals the speed and mathematical knowledge required by their sighted peers using pencil and paper. Many blind people find this number machine a very useful tool throughout life.
The binary abacus is used to explain how computers manipulate numbers. The abacus shows how numbers, letters, and signs can be stored in a binary system on a computer, or via ASCII. The device consists of a series of beads on parallel wires arranged in three separate rows. The beads represent a switch on the computer in either an 'on' or 'off' position.
- ^ Carl B. Boyer, A History of Mathematics, pp252-253, Wiley, 1991.
- ^ "abacist", "abacus", in Merriam-Webster's Third New International Dictionary Unabridged, 2000, Version 2.5.
- ^ Douglas Harper, Online Etymology Dictionary, http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?search=abacus, retrieved 2009-09-19
- ^ Oxford English Dictionary 1989
- ^ Merriam-Webster's 2003
- ^ Ifrah 2001:11
- ^ Crump 1992:188
- ^ Carruccio 2006:14
- ^ Smith 1958:160
- ^ West Asian Mathematics - History for Kids!
- ^ Ifrah 2001:15
- ^ Pullan, page18
- ^ Nancy Marie Brown, "The Abacus and the Cross: The Story of the Pope Who Brought the Light of Science to the Dark Ages"; see a presentation at http://www.religiondispatches.org/books/rd10q/3878/everything_you_think_you_know_about_the_dark_ages_is_wrong/
- ^ Ifrah 2001:18
- ^ Ifrah 2001:17
- ^ Fernandes, Luis (November 27, 2003), "A Brief Introduction to the Abacus", ee.ryerson.ca, http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~elf/abacus/intro.html, retrieved 2009-10-24
- ^ Stearns & Langer 2001:44
- ^ Körner & Langer 1996:232
- ^ Mollin 1998:3
- ^ Fernandes, Luis, The Abacus: A Brief History, http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history.html
- ^ , http://www.csmonitor.com/1982/0720/072033.html
- ^ Abacusmiddle ages, region of origin Middle East
- ^ 주판 : Daum 백과사전
- ^ Nepohualtzintzin The Pre Hispanic Computer
- ^ MesoAmerican Abacus
- ^ David Esparza Hidalgo, Nepohualtzintzin. Computador Prehispanico en Vigencia [The Nepohualtzintzin: a pre-Hispanic computer in use] (Mexico City, Mexico: Editorial Diana, 1977).
- ^ Andean Calculators, Antonio Aimi, Nicolino De Pasquale(translated by Franca Del Bianco)
- ^ Robert Bud, Deborah Jean Warner (eds.), Instruments of science: an historical encyclopedia, p7, Taylor & Francis, 1998 ISBN 0815315619.
- ^ Sharon Hudgins, The Other Side of Russia, p219, Texas A&M University Press, 2004 ISBN 1585444049.
- ^ A. M. Leushina, The development of elementary mathematical concepts in preschool children, p427, National Council of Teachers of Mathematics, 1991 ISBN 0873532996
- ^ Georg Trogemann, Alexander Y. Nitussov, Wolfgang Ernst, Computing in Russia: The History of Computer Devices and Information Technology Revealed, p24, Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 2001 ISBN 3528057572.
- ^ Graham Flegg, Numbers: Their History and Meaning, p72, Courier Dover Publications, 2002 ISBN 0486421651.
- ^ a b Terlau, Terrie; Gissoni, Fred (July 20, 2006), Abacus: Position Paper, APH.org, http://www.aph.org/tests/abacus.html, retrieved 2009-10-23
- ^ Robert C. Good, Jr., "The binary abacus: a useful tool for explaining computer operations", Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching, vol.5, Iss.1 (Fall 1985), pp.34-37.
- Carruccio, Ettore (2006), Mathematics And Logic in History And in Contemporary Thought, Aldine Transaction, ISBN 0202308502 .
- Crump, Thomas (1992), The Japanese Numbers Game: The Use and Understanding of Numbers in Modern Japan, Routledge, ISBN 0415056098 .
- Ifrah, Georges (2001), The Universal History of Computing: From the Abacus to the Quantum Computer, New York: John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 0471396710 .
- Körner, Thomas William; Langer, William Leonard (1996), The Pleasures of Counting, Houghton Mifflin Books, ISBN 0521568234 .
- Mollin, Richard Anthony (September 1
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means change of role and character, implies that the comedian cannot have much character or stature of his own. Neither is the happy-go-lucky human type of any stature. But this human type, the average fan of the movies and the radio, is perfectly happy to watch his own role being played by those to whom "everything
happens" on the silver screen. As was already mentioned, the meaning of publicity and propaganda is understood by only a very few people. The public by and large sees only their business aspects and explains them by the rules of competition, the economic struggle which is conceived as part of the struggle for survival. But why is it that advertising and propaganda are marching apace with technical progress? Why is it that they are becoming the foremost exploits of that progress and spread all over the earth? Why is it that publicity experts and professional propagandists begin to practice psychology in order to increase still more the penetrating, insinuating, enchanting power of their claims? Finally, what is the greatest obstacle which impedes the success of these endeavors? It is simply that the promises are not credible, and that it is not easy to hide the large portion of humbug they contain. Hence that pastedon, poster-like quality of these claims; hence also their invariable appearance as fillers of bare spots and empty places. In fact, it seems that the very volume of advertising and propaganda proffers an excellent yardstick for the extent to which our lives have become emptied, have become whited sepulchers, the bare facades of which can be pasted over with anything. How far are publicity and propaganda effective? What are their limits? As we have stated, they can capture only things which are technical products, preferably mass products, and they can influence only those who are susceptible to these things. Everything else remains outside their sphere. To mass production in manufacture there corresponds mass reproduction in the means of advertising. Advertising supplies only the picture of whatever it deals with, together with the promises and incantations it uses for a magic wand. The fact that people also are being advertised and published is by no means a contradiction to this formula. The comedian, for instance, is preeminently suitable for being published because he is playing a role, and only in so far as he plays a role has he that mass appeal which warrants mass reproduction of his future. We do not mean to say that the comedian is nothing outside his role, although the part his role plays in his life may well be so large that little else is left. But here we are not concerned with what
the comedian may be outside his role. For even where publicity plays up an actor's "private life," it shows him in a role. Publicity is not concerned with anyone who does not "play a role." The role then is not only something put on, but also something that is repeatable. And being repeatable, it acquires that smoothness that life does not possess, that selfsame smoothness which we find in the comedian's face, a face both mobile and rigid, agile and tense, but role-conscious always, as long as it is on the stage. If we catch it off guard, however, and alone, we see it helpless and in agony, slack and empty. Is there a creature more miserable than the actor who plays no part?
XXX - SELF-DECEPTION BY PHOTOGRAPHY In a world of pure being, that is, in a world in which there can be no change, propaganda could not exist, no more than a difference between being and appearance, truth and falsehood. No deception could enter such a world – there would be no openings, no crevices to admit it. There could not even be such shadows as Plato believed to be cast by thought, shadows which came between the things and the ideas of things. Wherever the ideas formed in the human mind begin to predominate, there a process of separation sets in: the prototypes vanish while the images we are forming of them multiply. Without this process of ideation no science could have developed. For only as we begin to form ideas of things, does our reason demand to have these things explained. Without this separation between things and ideas, there would be no explanations forthcoming from the human mind. In mythology, for instance, the myth has no need to explain itself. It is only in the later stages of antiquity that philosophers attempt to explain myths. Euhemerus of Cyrene, for one, declared the ancient myths to be apotheoses of outstanding human beings. Others explained them as symbols and allegories of events in nature or in history. For a modern example of this separation between actual things and the images we form of them, let us consider photography. When we ask: How is this photographic picture made? any expert or technical dictionary will explain the chemical processes on which photography is based. This explanation does not interest us at all here. What interests us is quite another question, namely, how photography has come into existence. Why is it that only as late as 1802, Wedgwood and Davy invented a method of exposing paper saturated with silver nitrate to the darkening influence of light, and in that way produced pictures? What is the significance of the use of the camera obscura, heliography, or the daguerreotype that first operated with sensitized glass plates and mercury developers? Superficially seen, all this but shows the stage-by-stage development of photo techniques, improvements which still continue. But the significant aspect of this development which goes unobserved is this: at first, it was impossible to make the picture lightproof, to fixate it. The white outline that
had been caught kept on darkening when exposed to light, until it disappeared. Next, difficulties arose in the process of mechanical copying. Only by the use of numerous exposures and elaborate processes, Daguerre finally succeeded in making a copy. The problem of mechanical reproduction from the negative was not really solved before the invention of the collodion process. Looking at the old daguerreotypes, one has the feeling that these pictures were split off from the prototype with much greater difficulty than in modern photography and that consequently more of the prototype has entered into the picture. This is the reason why the old photographs seem to us somehow more significant, more faithful or even convincing. It is as if in those days man had been harder to photograph, and not just because the techniques had not yet been worked out. This impression is not deceptive. For obviously, the photographic process could be invented only after man had become psychologically ready to be photographed. The new invention, in other words, signifies a change of mind. It was in the degree that the human model adapted itself to portrayal by photography that the new techniques developed. The difficulty of making a lightproof picture was not merely a technical one. In order to bring the copying process to the automatic dependability it has today, it was necessary to overcome obstacles, not only of a technical nature, but also obstacles that lay in the human model itself. And, perhaps, it was just these human obstacles which challenged the inventors and made the improvements of technique worthwhile to them. For today, one often has the impression that photography is getting to be boresome. We can no longer escape the suspicion that the rising tide of copied reality contains an element of selfdeception. As they are reproduced in millions, the reality behind these pictures wears thin, turns vague and the old charm evaporates. The photographic techniques continue to function with undiminished excellence and mechanical dependability. But a man changes. It is quite conceivable that we may grow tired of the mere copies of things which alone photography is able to supply.
XXXI - THE STAMPEDING OF THE MASSES Although this essay examines critically the rational efforts of technology, the methods of this study should make it plain that it is far from attacking human reason itself. Nothing is further from my mind than the romantic rejection of technology, a rejection that under present conditions would amount to a mere horse-and-buggy reverie. We do not live in a desert island, nor in a virgin forest. We live within the constant reach of technical machinery and organization. The pedestrian on the street is not the only one who must forever watch his step lest he should get mowed down by the wheels. Such watchfulness, but more comprehensive and more penetrating, must today be practiced by every man of spirit who wants to go on feeling that he is more than a mere cog in a gigantic machine. Likewise, there is nothing further from the purpose of this study than glorification of the irrational. The irrational can be praised only by those who are not aware of the dangers of our position. As we shall see directly, a close connection exists between technical progress and the efforts to turn our rational minds against rationalism itself. This essay is not concerned with these efforts and does not want to have anything to do with them. But the time has now come when we must ask: where does technical rationality lead us? That question is grave because, as we have shown, technical rationality implies a contempt of human reason as such. Everything rational is subject to inescapable limitations and restrictions. The rational can never be its own end. If there were such a thing as rationalizing for the sake of rationalizing, there would be no reason why the helpless, the sick, and the aged should not be killed off. In fact, such action would then even seem advisable. It would be equally expedient to slay those who have retired from business and likewise all pensioners of the state according to the brutal principle that he who does not work shall not eat. Such examples show where a philosophy of sheer expediency leads. Raskolnikov, who slays the old usurer because he deems her completely useless in the scheme of the world, and who sees in her nothing more than an
evil-smelling bedbug or cockroach, becomes a murderer by his criminal and extreme arrogance. Had his mind not been so confused and so sick, he would have realized that the structure and scheme of the universe was beyond his ken, and that it was not for him to judge the role of an old woman in this world. The technical official, on the other hand, who clerks in one of those numberless bureaus and lords it over some card file whose purpose – a purpose perhaps unknown to the official himself – is the rationalization of consumption: such a man might quite easily get the notion that all is well with the world because his files are in order. The scribe tends to confuse the world with a bureau, since his card file is his world, the center of his life. To conceive of the universe as a huge bureau would be an excellent idea if only nature had intended us to live on red tape. Technical rationality has most peculiar consequences. The technician himself does not grasp these consequences and does not understand them. He claims to be a realist, that is, a man of "hard facts." But even at best he is a realist only within a restricted area; his knowledge is specialized. The appearance of "strict factualness" which he adopts is deceptive. It camouflages his unbounded ambition to gain power; it conceals the lopsided, eccentric nature of those plans and schemes that are the ultimate aim of his ambitions. True enough, the machinery he has developed is ingenious down to the last screw. But that last screw is where the technical genius ends; for what lies beyond he has no thought. The world of the technician is a mere apparatus, but an apparatus which, in a state of advanced centralization, makes it possible for its master to treat man himself as part and parcel of that apparatus. For the power that this machinery lends to its master is truly gigantic. Thus, an advanced stage of technology is accompanied by mechanical theories of the nature of man. Just as we speak of the "machinery" of the state, of political "machines," of the legal "apparatus," of the "driving power" of the economy, just so all things step by step assume the character of machinery, of a reality understood in terms of machinelike functionings. This kind of thinking, typically, has lost all respect for freedom.
It is precisely these efforts to subject man completely to technical rationality, to a purposeful, all-embracing functionalism, which gradually undermines the resistance that man puts up as he tries to adhere to a more profound, a spiritual order of things. Far from taming or enlightening the instinctive side of man, his blind urges and his mental confusions, the mechanization of life, on the contrary, intensifies these dark sides of human nature. Technical organization, totalitarian in its aims, has no means whatever to master this dark underworld. All the rationality of the technician cannot prevent the growth of a blind elementarism. In fact, this rationality is precisely the avenue along which elementarism invades and permeates our lives. These are dark and dangerous things which here raise their heads. The automatism in which man is trained and drilled day in and day out not only inures him to perform without a will of his own his mechanical operations; it also breaks down certain resistances in his personality by depriving him, under guise of a new order, of that self-reliance which alone can halt the inroads of chaos. The mechanization of life is the mill which grinds the individual down into atomized masses. Where human beings are concerned, the whole organization of technology achieves nothing but the acceleration of this grinding down of the individual into the mass. Of late we have become accustomed to consider the successful organizer as a great man, to praise him as if he were a benefactor of mankind, as if he belonged to the same order as the great inventor or the great physician. What makes such an estimation ludicrous is its lopsidedness. Investigated by critical judgment, this overestimation merely adds to that gallery of obscure personalities who are supposed to be shining examples. It fails to see that the "merit" of these organizers often consists in nothing else than a destruction of unorganized resources. Just as the resistance of matter grows in proportion to the technical coercion of matter and results in a pile-up of explosively destructive forces, just so technical organization produces explosively destructive changes m humanity. Since modern psychologists are developing more and more into psycho-technicians, these dangerous changes remain beyond their ken. Yet the modern mass is the counterpart to the apparatus of technology, and in the same way is threatened by the
elementary. The mass is the foremost material for mechanization by technology. But to the extent in which the masses become subjected to rational organization, they become supercharged with blind elemental powers and bereft of all spiritual powers to oppose them. The masses are running berserk, now in blind, furious enthusiasm, then again in a stampede of terrified panic that drives them irresistibly to hurl themselves blindly and madly into the abyss, just like cattle or lemmings. Those torrential dynamic forces which technology unleashes also sweep along the man in the streets who fancies technical progress to be his own. Technology spells the mobilization of everything which was immobile heretofore. Man too has become mobilized. He not only follows automatic motion without resistance; he even wants to accelerate it still more.
XXXII - MASSES AND IMPERIALISM A problem of outstanding importance to modernity is the question: What are the means of survival and what are the resources of our big city populations? We are accustomed to consider ancient Rome as a model that furnishes us, by analogy, certain concepts and insights which throw some light upon our own situation. Not by accident did historians of the nineteenth century devote profound attention to Roman history. Mommsen, sworn enemy of all vestiges of feudalism, defined for us the significance of Roman history with that assurance that is the mark of a first-class historian. He fixed the point where the present establishes contact with the past. For the past can never be considered an independent dimension per se; it must be conceived as a dimension of time wherein the concrete present is a codeterminant. The path that the study of Roman history has followed since Mommsen also shows the immediate significance for us of this history. That significance does not lie in the early days, the history of the City proper, and so Mommsen rightly touched upon them only briefly and reticently. The significance is found in the later Rome, the Rome that had become the capital of the Empire. It is the Rome of Catiline, Caesar, and Pompey, the Rome of the Empire, that arouses our interest. When we look at the human masses which thronged the city, we find that their situation was very different from that of the masses today. The religious, political, social differences are so great that we might speak of a different world. The technical organization of Imperial Rome cannot be compared to ours. But one fact emerges clearly as we view this promiscuous mass of freeborn, freedmen, and slaves that tumultuously swarmed the markets and streets; they flocked around the wealthy politicians and with the same enthusiasm flocked to the circus to witness the gladiators and wild beasts. On one side, we find this mass becoming ever more thoroughly parasitic, while on the other, we observe its increasing agility and mobility. The system of exploiting the provinces, a system leading to the devastation of once blooming regions; the colossal profiteering of officials and leaseholders; the mad luxuries in which the rich of that day indulged – all this presupposes the mass, the tremendous city population that wants to be
fed and amused. But obviously it would be an oversimplification to think of this mass solely as drones in a beehive, as good-for-nothing loafers. Rome was a city, not only replete with the most magnificent structural planning, but, like all great cities, also full of hardworking artisans and laborers. It was not only the scene of excesses; it was also ever a place of prodigious work. It housed not only men who were on the lists for free grain distribution, and who received numbered tokens for free circus seats; it also harbored a vast number of busy breadwinners in every walk of life. What we must conclude from this state of affairs is that a prodigious amount of hard work and industrious pursuits can easily exist within a world which – like Rome – was slowly draining its dominions. Let us consider next the state of dependency into which this mass had fallen. Characteristically the proletarian mass is always produced by artificial means, that is, by an influx from outside. In connection with this artificiality stands the historical fact that the capacity for, and with it the right to, political self-determination was gradually lost by the Romans. As long as Rome was a rural township, its citizenry was able to sustain itself. But when the city became the capital of an empire, that capacity was lost. Now the populace had to be fed largely by imports, and providing for it became a constant, relentless burden. The city's appetite was ravenous. For its satisfaction the old empire no longer sufficed; new provinces had to be conquered. It seems that in the formation of a world empire the destruction of the free farmer is an inevitable step. For only after the farmer – earthbound, immobile, and opposed to change – has been eliminated, do the political ideas assume that space-devouring strength that may truly be called imperial. Imperialism and formation of the masses go hand in hand. The masses not only give to imperialism the power to absorb space, they sharpen the hunger of imperialism and make it capable of digesting the fruits of its power. Rome as one town amongst other towns in Latium is one thing. Rome as the first city of Italy already is something else. And this second Rome which defeated Carthage is again quite different from Imperial Rome. We
witness here the gradual self-destruction of the antique city, the polis, and its transformation into a capital and center of worldwide power. Colossal sacrifices of Roman racial substance were necessary for this development. Time and again the old, strict Roman society tried to halt this course with passionate effort, but in vain. The constant sacrifice borne by the Roman people – they alone were the justification of Rome's imperial power, and at the same time the basis of its enduring quality. They are what distinguishes Rome from the crew of a pirate vessel, from
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ESPN , satranç yarışmacısının o zamandan bu yana bu kadar önemli bir kilo kaybı yaşamadığı halde, seçkin oyuncuların bir günde tahmini 6.000 kaloriye yakılabildiği bildirildi – hem de hepsini koltuklarından hareket etmeden .
Beyin bu büyük enerji alımından sorumlu mu? Bu, daha yoğun düşünmenin kilo vermenin basit bir yolu olduğu anlamına mı geliyor? Bu soruyu çözmek için satranç takıntılı olmayan bir beyin tarafından ne kadar enerji kullanıldığını anlamamız gerekir.
Vücut stabil iken; nefes almanın, sindirmenin ve sıcak tutmanın temelleri dışında herhangi bir faaliyette bulunmadığında – beynin, vücudun genel enerjisinin% 20 ila% 25’ini, özellikle glikozu şaşırtıcı bir şekilde kullandığını biliyoruz. .
Bu, ortalama bir kadın veya erkek için sırasıyla 350 veya 450 kalori anlamına gelir. Çocukluk döneminde, beyin daha da açtır. Duke Üniversitesi’nden evrimsel antropoloji profesörü Doug Boyer, “Ortalama 5-6 yaşlarında, beyin vücudun enerjisinin% 60’ını kullanabilir.” Dedi.
Glikoz kaynaklı ışıltılı alışkanlık, beyni vücutta enerji açısından en pahalı organ haline getirmekte ve beyin genel olarak vücudun ağırlığının sadece% 2’sini oluşturmaktadır.
Aç beyin
Duke Üniversitesi’nin evrimsel antropoloji yüksek lisans öğrencisi Arianna Harrington, beynin çektiği enerjinin çoğunun, beyindeki nöronların, sinaps adı verilen hücre yapıları boyunca iletilen kimyasal sinyaller yoluyla birbirleriyle iletişim kurmasına olanak sağlamaya adadığını belirtti. “Enerjinin çoğu sinaps ateşlemesine doğru gidiyor. Bu, beyindeki en pahalı işlemlerden biri olduğu düşünülen membranlar arasında iyonların taşınmasını içeriyor.”
Ayrıca, beyin asla dinlenmiyor, diye açıkladı; Uyuduğumuzda, vücudumuzun fonksiyonlarını korumak için hücreler arasındaki sinyalleri yakmaya devam etmek için hala yakıt gerekir. Dahası, beyne hizmet etmek, nöronlara karşı beslenmeyi kanalize etmek için var olan hücre filolarıdır. Ve bu hücrelerin hayatta kalmak ve işlerini yapmaya devam etmek için vücudun glikoz paylarından almaları gerekir. Beynin inşa edilmesine adanan büyük kaynaklar ayrıca, yoğun gelişim dönemlerinde, 5 ya da 6 yaşındayken beynimizin, yetişkin beynimizin ihtiyaç duyduğu enerjinin neredeyse üç katını neden topladığını açıklamaya yardımcı olur.
Zihin egzersizi?
Beyin bu kadar büyük bir enerji bulmacası olduğu için, bu organı ne kadar çok çalıştırırsak, o kadar fazla enerji harcayacak – ve o kadar fazla kalori yakacağımız anlamına mı geliyor?
Teknik olarak, cevap bilişsel olarak zor görevler için evet . Zihinsel bir görev olarak kabul edilen şey zihinsel görev bireyler arasında farklılık gösterir. Ancak genel olarak, Kanada’daki Ottawa Üniversitesi’nde psikoloji ve sinirbilim profesörü olan Claude Messier’e göre, “beyin daha önce öğrenilmiş rutinleri kullanarak kolayca çözemez veya koşulları sürekli değiştiren görevlerde” olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu tür aktiviteler bir müzik aleti çalmayı öğrenmek veya yoğun bir satranç oyununda yenilikçi hamleler çizmeyi içerebilir.
Messier, “Yeni bir şeyler öğrenmek için eğitim aldığınızda, beyin bölgelerindeki enerji aktarımını artırmak için eğitim tarafından aktive edilir” dedi. Messier, zamanla, belirli bir görevi yerine getirme konusunda daha yetenekli hale geldikçe, beyin artık bunu başarmak için çok çalışmak zorunda kalmayacak ve bu işi yapmak sonunda daha az enerji gerektirecek.
Fakat
Elit satranç oyuncuları yüksek kalp atışlarına, daha hızlı nefes almaya ve terlemeye yol açabilecek strese neden olan yoğun baskı altındadır. Kombine olarak, bu etkiler zamanla kalori yakar.
Messier “Vücudunuzu uzun süre harekete geçirmek için pompalamak çok enerji gerektiriyor” “Mümkün olduğu kadar sık ya da normal yiyemezseniz – normal olarak kilo verebilirsiniz -” dedi.
Yani: Ne yazık ki, sadece düşünmek bizi zayıflatmaz .
tamamı için kaynağa bakınızEssay Topic 1
The importance of risk as a theme cannot be overlooked in Thirteen Days. With the stakes high for action or inaction, every decision is a risk. In an essay, develop an argument either for or against taking risks in political situations. Identify JFK's attitude toward risk as well as one of his opponents. Conclude with an analysis of risk and the possible repercussions.
Essay Topic 2
Write an essay examining the importance of peer evaluation. Develop an argument that is either for using groups or against it. Was the group effort successfully used for Ex Comm? Why or why not? What lesson can be learned from this?
Essay Topic 3
The theme of understanding consequences is prevalent in Thirteen Days. Write an essay exploring this theme and its implication to the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Essay Topic 4
The President is only a man but his office is highly symbolic...
This section contains 911 words
(approx. 4 pages at 300 words per page)November 6, 2015
There are many applications where you need to keep a small number of items, a set, and check for membership in the set, and there are many algorithms for doing that: a linked list keeps the items in random order to be retrieved by linear search, an ordered array keeps the items in sequence to be retrieved by binary search, a hash table performs some kind of math on the item, various kinds of trees can store and search the items, and so on.
Today’s exercise looks at a simple algorithm that is appropriate for search in a set that isn’t too big, doesn’t change too often, and isn’t searched too many times, where the definition of “too” depends on the needs of the user. The idea is to store the items of the set in a linked list, search the list on request, and each time an item is found, move it to the front of the list. The hope is that frequently-accessed items will stay near the front of the list, so that instead of an average search that requires inspection of half the list, frequently-accessed items are found much more quickly.
Your task is to write functions that maintain a set as a self-organizing list: you should provide functions to insert and delete items from the set as well as to search within the set. When you are finished, you are welcome to read or run a suggested solution, or to post your own solution or discuss the exercise in the comments below.
Pages: 1 2Human trials have begun on a new type 1 diabetes treatment that could improve the lives of future sufferers of the disease.
Developed by scientists at the University of Cambridge, the treatment could reduce a patient's insulin injections from several per day to potentially just a few times a week.
The immunological treatment slows damage to the pancreas, meaning that newly diagnosed patients, in future, may be able to retain the ability to produce insulin naturally. "Our aim is [...] to rebalance the immune system so that patients can significantly reduce the number of insulin injections needed to just once or twice a week by slowing the progression of the disease," says Frank Waldron-Lynch, clinical study lead at the University of Cambridge.
Type 1 diabetes is caused when the body's immune system attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Around 400,000 people in the UK suffer from the disease. Unlike type 2 diabetes, it is not triggered by lifestyle factors like obesity.
Over the last ten years researchers at Cambridge, led by Professor John Todd, have identified the IL-2 gene pathway as one of the origins of the disease. The pathway codes the protein "interleukin-2", which controls the regulatory part of the immune system.
Low levels of interleukin-2 result in an unbalanced immune system, resulting in damage to the pancreas.
This damage reduces and eventually destroys the pancreas' ability to create insulin, causing type 1 diabetes. Sufferers of the disease require injections of artificial insulin on a regular basis, usually before or after eating meals.
Waldron-Lynch and his colleagues, with support from the Wellcome Trust, are investigating whether injections of interleukin-2, in the form of a drug called aldesleukin, can slow the damage caused by the immune system.
By preferentially boosting the regulatory part of the immune system, he says, they hope patients will be able to retain the ability to produce their own insulin, reducing the need for artificial insulin injections.
It is unlike immunosuppression treatments, which dampen the immune system generally. Injections of interleukin-2 simply boost the number of regulatory T-cells.
The trial, run jointly by researchers at Addenbrooke's Hospital and Cambridge University's Institute for Medical Research, began in May and currently has six patients. Early results are positive, with no side-effects detected, says Waldron-Lynch. The study aims to find out what doses are most effective, and how regular injections of the drug will need to be -- once a week or once every two weeks may be possible, he says.
The treatment will only be useful to patients in the early stages of type 1 diabetes, up to two years after diagnosis, before damage to the pancreas becomes too extensive. (The team are looking for more patients to join the trial -- more details can be found here).
Injections of interleukin-2 have also been investigated as a possible way of treating graft-vs-host disease, where the body attacks stem cell or bone marrow transfusions, or other tissue transplants.
Advanced forms of long-lasting artificial insulin also reduce the number of injections a patient needs to take, with one, "degludec", allowing for injections only three times a week.
However, these long-lasting insulins don't address the problem of damage to the pancreas and have the potential side effect of hypoglycaemia, or low blood sugar levels.Basic Yoga Genel MeditationRead More
MEDİTASYON İLE KALPTE BULUŞMAK ÜZERE
MEDİTASYON NEDİR? Meditasyonun tanımını yapabilmek için birçok kaynak taradım. En kolay ve anlaşılır bir şekilde aktarabilmek istedim sizlere anlamını. Ona bir tür bilim diyor bazı kaynaklar, ya da sanat, beceri. Kimi bakış açılarına göre bilim gibi zihnin uzantısı olmayan bir deneyim çünkü sadece kalbe ait. Bu sebeple daha çok sanata yakın bulanlar çoğunlukta. Ayrıca birçok öğretiye göre farklı inançlarla tanımlanıyor.
Son Yorumlar热罗姆.波拿巴的话音一落，身为立法团议长比约第一个鼓掌，接着整个大厅立刻响起了犹如波涛一般的掌声。
人群中的埃内斯特.皮卡尔看着远处的热罗姆.波拿巴一眼，而后小声地凑到了埃米尔.奥利维耶说道：“你说热罗姆.波拿巴说这话的意思是不是想要借助这个机会，对我们动手！”
埃米尔.奥利维耶思考了片刻后，同样也压低声音对埃内斯特.皮卡尔回应了一句，“我想应该不会吧！热罗姆.波拿巴在刺杀当时就说过，不会对我们动手！
想来，他应该不会食言！”
说完，埃米尔.奥利维耶下意识地看了一眼远处的热罗姆.波拿巴，而热罗姆.波拿巴同样也恰好看向了埃米尔奥利维耶。
两人四目相对之后，热罗姆.波拿巴埃米尔.奥利维耶露出了和善地笑容，埃米尔.奥利维耶迅速将目光转向了他处。
过了一会儿，掌声结束，热罗姆.波拿巴再度开口对在场的说道，“朕不会放过一个坏人，同时也不会冤枉每一个好人。
我可以向你们保证，在没有确凿的证据之前，我不会特意针对任何一个人或者一个组织！
你们所担心的巴黎戒严也不会出现，甚至不会出现大规模的抓捕！
巴黎不仅是我一个人的巴黎，同样也是整个巴黎、法兰西，乃至全世界的巴黎，我们必须要齐心协力维护好巴黎在外界的形象！
未来的巴黎不但要成为零犯罪之都，让每一个人都放心居住，同样也会成为全欧洲最向往的地方！”
热罗姆.波拿巴话一说完，台下便又响起了掌声。
除了帝国将军与少数波拿巴派的成员之外之外，其他派别对于热罗姆.波拿巴的发言都给予了认同，他们同样也不想让自己时时刻刻暴露在丘八们的子弹之下。
而那些帝国的将军们，心中对于热罗姆.波拿巴不愿意动用军队维持治安，有些失落。
毕竟，第二帝国动用的军队次数越多，那么杜伊勒里宫就越依赖他们这些将军，他们在杜伊勒里宫宫廷的地位也就越来越高。
当然，帝国的将军也只能在心中稍微发泄一下牢骚。
帝国的军队已经牢牢地掌握在了皇帝与总参谋部的手中，他们这些人根本无法兴风作浪。
第二轮掌声完毕之后，热罗姆.波拿巴将说话的机会让给了奥古斯塔。
相较于热罗姆.波拿巴对于刺杀者的铁面无私，奥古斯塔显得格外的通情达理，她先是怒斥了刺杀者，然后又也对刺杀者即将面临的刑罚表示同情。
同时奥古斯塔还在在场的众人表示：刺杀者刺杀他们属于个人的行为，同他们家庭无关，希望负责审讯与抓捕的人不要为难他们的家庭。
如果他们的家庭有因为刺杀者的死亡，而陷入拮据的话，那么杜伊勒里宫也愿意出资抚平刺杀者家庭的伤痛。
在场的众人在听完奥古斯塔皇后犹如圣母在世的发言之后，心中对奥古斯塔皇后的仁慈而感动。
待到奥古斯塔皇后结束发言之后，立法团议长比约开始发表演说。
比约先是怒斥了刺杀者丧心病狂的行为，然后表示帝国政府之所以能够得到民众的信任，是建立权威和保护善人的两个原则下，这两个原则中的任何一个受损，帝国的公共秩序同样也会受到损伤，因此他们必须不惜一切代价组织这种动乱，以维护帝国稳定。
热罗姆.波拿巴开口赞同了比约议长的言论，然后又提醒比约议长不惜一切代价的前提是要维护巴黎民众的安全，他不想看到为了维护帝国权威，他们又制造了另一场混乱。
“陛下，请您放心！我们一定会在维持当前秩序的前提下，挖出那些妄图毁灭帝国秩序的家伙！”比约信誓旦旦地向热罗姆.波拿巴保证说。
热罗姆.波拿巴满意地点了点头，目光粗略看向了在场的所有人，然后挽着奥古斯塔皇后的手离开了大厅！
巴希里奥见状，赶忙敲了敲手杖朗声道：“会议结束！各位请有序离场！”
大厅中的客人顺着房门大开的方向缓慢移动，埃米尔.奥利维耶也跟随着大部队一同从二楼走到了一楼。
在此期间，与埃米尔.奥利维耶同行的埃内斯特.皮卡尔也因为人员流动的问题被迫同埃米尔.奥利维耶分开。
就在埃米尔.奥利维耶准备离开的时候，阿尔弗雷德.达里蒙拉住了埃米尔.奥利维耶对他说道：“奥利维耶，别着急着走！”
埃米尔.奥利维耶停下了脚步，脸上露出了一末无奈神色，他就知道自己一定逃不掉。
于是，埃米尔.奥利维耶跟随阿尔弗雷德.达里蒙站在了一旁，静静地等待着。
大约过了两三分钟之后，巴希里奥出现在阿尔弗雷德.达里蒙与埃米尔.奥利维耶的面前，他先是对阿尔弗雷德.达里蒙微微一笑，然后看向了埃米尔.奥利维耶。
“埃米尔.奥利维耶先生！”巴希里奥态度恭敬地对眼前这位立法团代表说道。
呆在热罗姆.波拿巴身边也有一段时间的巴希里奥知道，眼前的埃米尔.奥利维耶能够被热罗姆.波拿巴皇帝单独邀请，那么他大概率要飞黄腾达。
如果能够与之结交的话，巴希里奥的总管之位就更加的稳固。
想到这里，巴希里奥眼神中带着一丝热切。
“巴希里奥总管！”埃米尔.奥利维耶显然没有注意到巴希里奥的目光，此时的他内心正在思考自己究竟要如何拒绝热罗姆.波拿巴的招揽。
【1857年的埃米尔.奥利维耶要比十年后的奥利维耶稍微纯粹一些，因此他拒绝的念头也比1869年更加的强烈。】
“达里蒙先生，我就先带奥利维耶先生上去了！”巴希里奥对阿尔弗雷德.达里蒙说了一句。
阿尔弗雷德.达里蒙微微一笑，然后转身离去。
“奥利维耶先生，请跟我来吧！”巴希里奥转头对埃米尔.奥利维耶说了一句。
埃米尔.奥利维耶跟随着巴希里奥一道穿过狭长的走廊来到杜伊勒里宫，随后巴希里奥将埃米尔.奥利维耶带到了杜伊勒里宫会客室，并且对埃米尔.奥利维耶说道，“埃米尔.奥利维耶先生，请您在这里稍等片刻！
陛下，正在同其他人会面！预计十分钟之后，才能同你会面！”
其他人？
埃米尔.奥利维耶心中不自觉地想到了埃内斯特.皮卡尔，他忍不住叫住了巴希里奥，然后询问道：“巴希里奥先生，能否告诉我陛下要见的人是谁？”
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