text
stringlengths 100
578k
| source
stringclasses 4
values | config
stringclasses 2
values | weight
float64 0.02
0.37
|
|---|---|---|---|
Nằm mơ thấy ma túy, thuốc lá thường mang tới những điềm báo, điềm lành cho chủ sở hữu. Mục lục - 1 Nằm mơ thấy uống thuốc là điềm tốt hay điềm xấu? - 2 Nằm mơ thấy thuốc đánh số đề con gì? - 3 Hình Ảnh về: Mơ thấy thuốc là điềm báo tốt lành - 4 Video về: Mơ thấy thuốc là điềm báo tốt lành - 5 Wiki về Mơ thấy thuốc là điềm báo tốt lành - 6 Nằm mơ thấy uống thuốc là điềm tốt hay điềm xấu? - 7 Nằm mơ thấy thuốc đánh số đề con gì? Nằm mơ thấy uống thuốc là điềm tốt hay điềm xấu? Nếu bạn gặp vấn đề nhỏ, hãy đón nhận nó Mơ thấy uống thuốc Xuất hiện. Sớm thôi cứng cáp sẽ kiếm được một khoản lãi nho nhỏ để vượt qua thời gian lao khăn sau ước mơ đó. |hình minh họa| nếu bạn nằm trong giấc mơ của mình Tôi mơ thấy mình đang dùng ma túy Loại kháng sinh này cho thấy rằng bạn đang nỗ lực để bảo vệ bản thân khỏi một số tác động tiêu cực của cuộc sống ngày nay. Nếu bạn mơ thấy mình đang hút thuốc lá, bạn nên sẵn sàng cho những điều hạnh phúc. Nếu bạn mời người khác hút thuốc trong giấc mơ của mình, bạn sẽ có sự hỗ trợ của quý nhân. Nếu trong giấc mơ của bạn xuất hiện hình ảnh điếu thuốc đang cháy thì có người sắp yêu và mời bạn đi ăn uống. bạn nằm xuống mơ đi sắm thuốc một mình Giải độc trong giấc mơ hoặc thấy mình đang uống thuốc giải độc cho thấy rằng bạn đang tìm kiếm sự thăng bằng trong cuộc sống thực. Có thể bạn đang suy nghĩ lại về những sai trái trong quá khứ. Tìm hiểu thêm: Giúp bạn giải mã giấc mơ xác thực nhất Nằm mơ thấy thuốc đánh số đề con gì? Theo sổ mơ lô đề nếu bạn thấy thuốc trong giấc mơ của mình thì 65 hoặc 72 sẽ là con số may mắn của bạn. Ngoài ra, nếu bạn nằm mơ thấy thuốc thì đánh con 54. Nằm mơ thấy uống thuốc: 25-52 Nằm mơ thấy thuốc lá nên chọn con số 08-85 Nằm mơ thấy hút thuốc, con số may mắn của bạn là 19-34 Sợi tổng hợp
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
|
vie_Latn
| 0.0775
|
Mục lục Số Học Liên Thông Giảm, Trung Cấp Mầm Non Lại Tăng, Nguyên Nhân Do Đâu? Trong mấy năm gần đây theo quy chế mới của Bộ giáo dục và đào tạo, học sinh THPT không cần phải tham gia kì thi đại học mà chỉ tham gia thi THPT Quốc gia là có thể vào được trường đại học. Hiện nay gần như trường nào cũng có hình thức xét tuyển học bạ nên tỉ lệ thí sinh đỗ nguyện vọng 2 rất cao. Chính vì vậy mà việc thi lên đại học đã không khó thì việc lấy bằng đại học lại không hề khó khăn. Tình trạng này dẫn tới tỉ lệ sinh viên học ít học liên thông đại học Tình trạng này dẫn tới tỉ lệ sinh viên học ít học liên thông đại học. Vì họ đã xác định từ đầu, học trung cấp hay cao đẳng để ra trường làm công việc gì? Học cũng có định hướng từ trước vì vậy việc học liên thông lên đại học bị giảm rất nhiều. Hơn nữa với tấm bằng trung cấp hay cao đẳng hiện tại cũng có thể xin được công việc khá với mức lương ổn định mà không cần phải bằng đại học. Bên cạnh việc tỉ lệ học liên thông bị giảm thì phần lớn mọi người sau khi tốt nghiệp không xin được việc làm lại tiến tới học văn bằng 2 sư phạm tiểu học với hy vọng có thể có thêm được một ngành nghề mới để thuận lợi trong quá trình xin việc sau này. Học văn bằng 2 cũng tạo điều kiện cho những người đi làm rồi cũng có thể tham gia học mà không phải mất nhiều thời gian phải ngồi trên giảng đường. Lựa chọn Trường và ngành học phù hợp với bản thân Chúng ta nếu có ý định học liên thông hay văn bằng 2 nên đăng ký ở những địa chỉ trang web uy tín, có thông tin địa chỉ rõ ràng. Và gọi điện trực tiếp để họ tư vấn cho chứ đừng đăng ký ở những trang web không rõ nguồn gốc xuất sứ dẫn đến tiền mất tật mang. Các bạn THPT hiện nay sau khi tốt nghiệp kỳ thi THPT quốc gia, nhất là các bạn nữ phần lớn chủ yếu đăng ký vào học trung cấp mầm non để sau khi ra trường có thể tìm được công việc nhẹ nhàng, ổn định, không mất nhiều thời gian học và công sức. Tránh tình trạng thất nghiệp bởi vì hiện nay các trường mầm non tư mọc lên nhiều nên dẫn đến thiếu giáo viên mầm non. Vậy nên cơ hội việc làm cho những bạn tốt nghiệp trung cấp mầm non rất nhiều. Sinh viên đại học tốt nghiệp nhiều và thất nghiệp cũng nhiều, vì vậy mà nhiều thí sinh hiện nay đã chọn cho mình một hướng đi nhanh và gọn là học trung cấp hoặc học một ngành nghề nào đó luôn để sau khi ra trường có thể đi làm được luôn. Có thể có được một công việc ổn định với mức lương mong muốn là ước mơ của nhiều người. Trịnh Trang - Tại sao các trường khối A đăng ký thi nhiều - Sức nóng từ khối C và khối D đối với các bạn học sinh cuối cấp
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
|
vie_Latn
| 0.0775
|
4 Days Bwindi Gorilla Trekking & Safaris 4 Days Bwindi Gorilla Trekking and Wildlife Safaris Enjoy Bwindi Gorilla Trekking Safari and Wildlife Safaris including game drive and a boat cruise on Kazinga Channel in Queen Elizabeth National Park. Safari activities Include:- Full Itinerary Day 1: Transfer to Bwindi Impenetrable National Park gorilla safari and wildlifeStart your Bwindi Gorilla Trekking safari and wildlife tour very early in the morning at 6:00 am after breakfast. You will drive south-west taking the Masaka – Mbarara road to head to Bwindi Forest, one of the the Gorilla parks in Uganda. The drive will take you through towns, homesteads, grasslands, and banana plantations to reach the park in the late afternoon. You will stop at the Equator for photographs and in Mbarara for lunch to reach in the evening. Check in your lodge and then if you are not tired you may go for a walk to the neighbouring community. Dinner and overnight at Silverback Lodge or Buhoma community Bandas. Day 2: Gorilla Tracking Excursion in Bwindi Forest In the morning you will have heavy breakfast and with packed lunch you will transfer to the park headquarters for briefing and then later at 9:00 am, you will set off along the tracks in the thick forest to go search for these great apes. Depending on the movement of these humble giants the walk might take between 2-9 hours before you meet the Gorillas. The walk is tiresome however meeting these great apes and spending some time with them while looking deep into their expressive brown eyes, is an exhilarating and heartbreaking wildlife encounter that Africa has to offer. Dinner and overnight at Silverback Lodge or Buhoma community Bandas. Day 3: Drive to Queen Elizabeth National Park, enjoy an evening Boat Cruise. Kazinga Boat Very early in the morning you will have breakfast and transfer to Queen Elizabeth National park. You will be at the park in the early afternoon hours. After lunch at your lodge, you will transfer to Mweya side where the boat cruise on Kazinga channel starts from. Kazinga Channel is a water channel that connects Lakes Edward and George. During the launch cruise, you will likely see animals including hippos, buffaloes, elephants and many more along the water shores. There are also plenty of birds and for birders, this channel is another bird paradise. Dinner and overnight at Mweya Safari Lodge, Enganzi Lodge or Ihamba Safari Lodge on full board. Day 4: Morning Game Drive, Transfer to Kampala. Before sunrise you will go for a game drive in the pack to search for predators and nocturnal dwellers as they return to their hide outs. At large, expect to watch animal species like elephants, buffaloes, side stripped jackals, hyena, leopards, Lions, warthogs, Uganda Kobs, Giant forest Hogs to mention. After the game drive you will start your journey back to Kampala after a heavy breakfast at the lodge. You will take lunch enroute and arrive in the evening. End of the Safari. 3 Days Gorilla Tracking Bwindi
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
English Jokes: The English Sense of Humour “Waiter! Waiter! There’s a fly in my soup!” “Please don’t speak so loudly, sir,” said the waiter, “or everyone will want one.” What is the longest word in the English language? “Smiles”. Because there is a mile between its first and last letters! There are 5 birds in a tree. A hunter shoots 2 of them dead. How many birds are left? 2 birds. The other 3 fly away! An English teacher wrote these words on the whiteboard: “woman without her man is nothing”. The teacher then asked the students to punctuate the words correctly. The woman was in bed with her lover and had just told him how stupid her Irish husband was when the door was thrown open and there stood her husband. He glared at her lover and bellowed, “What are you doing?” “There,” said the wife, “didn’t I tell you he was stupid?” What’s the definition of a pessimist? A pessimist is a well-informed optimist. Mark called in to see his friend Angus (a Scotman) to find he was stripping the wallpaper from the walls. Rather obviously, he remarked “You’re decorating, I see.” to which Angus replied “No. I’m moving house.” A man was injected with a deadly poison, but, it did not kill him. Why? He was already dead! A Scottish farmer was in his field digging up his tatties (a Scots word for potatoes). An American farmer looked over the fence and said “In Texas we grow potatoes 5 times larger than that!” The Scotsman replied ” Ah but we just grow them for our own mouths!”
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
What is meta? × I'm a fan of crafts and crafting. Basically everything that Michael's sells. So today I was reading about heat embossing and I thought, "jeez, I really want to ask someone whether the ink or the embossing powder controls the color more." Then I thought, "what a perfect question for the Craft StackExchange." Except, gasp THERE ISN'T ONE! I therefore propose that a new StackExchange site be created. A site for all things craft. I'm talking knitting, paper cut-outs, making hand soap, scrap-booking, stamping, glue guns, beads, crochet hooks, crayons, pens, markers, pencils, charcoal, vellum, jewelry, modelling clay, paints, basically all things nifty or crafty. And heat embossing. Because I still want my question answered. share|improve this question closed as off topic by Mark Trapp, ChrisF, Diago, Won't Nov 28 '11 at 13:06 I'll support this. Good idea – Adel Nov 28 '11 at 6:36 1 Answer 1 You can make a proposal for such a site (if one doesn't exist already) on Area 51, the staging area for new StackExchange sites. In this case, it looks like the Crafts, Crafting and Crafters proposal might be what you're looking for. It's currently in the commitment stage, so if enough people commit to participating on the site, it will launch as a new beta site. share|improve this answer Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged .
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Leonid Keldysh, now at the Lebedev Physics Institute in Moscow, predicted the effect in 1964, and experiments have already proved that such unusual ionization can occur. But only with the advent of laser pulses lasting just a few hundred attoseconds can physicists observe the phenomenon. (One attosecond is a billionth of a billionth of a second.) Attosecond laser pulses have already made it possible to probe the motion of electrons in atoms and molecules, and improved versions will allow researchers to track electron movements that occur, for instance, during chemical reactions. Ferenc Krausz of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany, and his team describe their ionization experiment in the April 5 Nature. Targeting a gas of neon atoms, the group first used a 250-attosecond UV laser pulse to nudge one electron further away from the nucleus. Almost simultaneously the physicists fired an infrared pulse 5,000 attoseconds long whose electric field oscillates only a few cycles. The field weakened the electrostatic force and enabled the loosened electron to tunnel out, as quantum particles can do when confronted with a thin barrier. By increasing the time between the UV and infrared pulses in small steps, the researchers found that the number of neon ions formed rose in parallel, clearly indicating that whenever the electric field of the infrared laser pulse reached a maximum, the rate of produced ions increased as well. Keldysh's theory of strong-field ionization has become part of many other theories, and the result is "not really a dramatic surprise," Krausz admits. But critically, "the team has shown a new way to make measurements" of electron dynamics, comments physicist Paul Corkum of Canada's National Research Council in Ottawa. And the technique could probe poorly understood processes in which electrons exchange energy with one another. As an example, Krausz cites the "shake up" process in atoms that occurs when an energetic x-ray photon kicks out an electron close to the nucleus. While flying away, this electron could impart some of its energy to another electron, which then becomes excited and moves farther away from the nucleus. Hence, a small delay might exist between the absorption of the x-ray photon by the ejected electron and the repositioning of the second electron. The delay, Krausz remarks, "could be as little as 50 attoseconds; nobody really knows." The length of the delay is not exciting, he explainsrather the point would be whether a delay exists at all. A delay would mean that the second electron got energy from the first and was not coincidentally and simultaneously excited by the x-ray photon. Krausz claims he has now achieved 100- attosecond UV pulses, so he may soon solve that puzzle. As the lasers improve, answers to other questions are sure to follow in the coming years, if not in the coming attoseconds.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Area of a square = side x side, A = a x a Perimeter of a square is 4 x side: P = a + a + a + a = 4a Example: Find the area of square of side 4 inches. Example: Find the perimeter of rectangle whose length is 6 inches and width is 4 inches. Directions: Answer the following questions. Also write at least 10 examples of your own.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Building a trustworthy app store that respects privacy One core piece of our approach is thinking about very high risk situations, like Ai Weiwei or Edward Snowden, then making the tools for operating under that pressure as easy to use as possible. That means that we might occasionally come across as a little paranoid. It is important to dive into the depths of what might be possible. That is an essential step in evaluating what the risks and defenses are, and how to prioritize them. Making usable software is not just making things easy, but rather making tools for real world situations that are a simple as possible. chrome crash We recently received some vindication of our paranoia: we have been resistant to putting all of our trust into the Google Play app store, despite many obvious advantages. Even though Google Play is probably the most secure of the big app stores, its security approach is rather thin, relying mainly on HTTPS with no signature for verification, and the Five Eyes partnership (NSA, GCHQ, etc) noticed this, and worked to exploit it. The Android/Google Play security model is relatively simple, and that is mostly a good thing. There are two essential pieces: the signature on the APK file itself and the TLS connection to Google that provides the APK file. Once an app is installed, all APK files used to update an app must have a matching signing key. That provides a reasonably strong mechanism to defend against malware that wants to install over existing apps. Unlike package systems like Debian, there is no path to verify that the APK signing key. That means Google Play relies heavily on the TLS transport encryption to protect the APK files for when installing an Android apps for the first time. The first time an app is installed, the signing key in that app’s APK file is blindly trusted (this is called “Trust On First Use” or TOFU). It turns out that TOFU has a solid track record for security in the real world. One key aspect of implementing a good TOFU system is to make the first use indistinguishable from any other use, so that it is difficult to target only first uses while ignoring repeat uses. Intercepting repeat uses is very likely to trigger a warning and alert the user that something is wrong. Now let’s put together the pieces based on what the Chinese government can do. A few TLS certificate authorities have been caught issuing fake certificates. A company affiliated with CNNIC was caught issuing certificates for Google domains. A trusted certificate authority can issue usable certificates for any domain, so any computer that trusts CNNIC would trust their fake certificates for Google. That lets the Chinese government transparently Man-in-the-Middle traffic to Google servers. China could then use the Great Firewall to generate targeted malware on the fly, seeing the user credentials that Google Play requires, seeing the list of apps that each user has installed, etc. Then when the targeted user goes to install a new app, the APK file is intercepted, malware is added, then it is re-signed and transparently sent off to the user. This targeted malware can be designed to avoid the malware scanners in Google Play, Lookout, etc. since it would be direct addition of code rather than via an exploit. It would be just adding Java classes to the APK. Or alternatively, in combination with some of the signing exploits that have been discovered in Android, like Master Key, the Great Firewall is able to inject malware into the real APK itself without changing the signature. Of course, when Google Play’s TLS connection includes X.509 certificate pinning, then the above attack would not be possible since the client would have a whitelist of certificate authorities that it trusts for, and CNNIC would probably not be on that whitelist. This highlights the importance of pinning certificate authorities in apps that need good security over TLS or HTTPS. All TLS connections support pinning at the system level starting in Android 4.2. We are crazy enough to support down to Android 2.3 since there are lots of older Android devices in use, and even new devices being sold with Android 2.3.3. That means we think about making apps self-contained in terms of security improvements like pinning. sad balls It gets worse Many indigenous app stores like Cafe Bazaar and Xiaomi’s MiMarket lack basic protections like TLS, making targeted attacks trivial for governments, or even anyone who gains control of a piece of the network path. These days that is actually easy to do by exploiting home routers, which are generally easy to exploit. One of those botnets would easily start looking for app installs in the network traffic, then add exploits accordingly. As long as the first install is easy to detect and the user easy to track, then the malware can transparently inject malware designed to be difficult to detect by malware scanners and people alike. The Alternative FDroid also has the key advantage of being designed from the beginning to avoid tracking users, and to use proven methods of delivering software, following the signed repository model of Debian, Ubuntu, etc. but then served over a solid HTTPS channel for increased privacy and a backup layer of security. It is also possible to use privacy proxies like Tor or I2P via the proxy settings. There is no user credentials needed, it is all free software, so FDroid users can even hide themselves from the server delivering the apps, as well as any network observers. Since all APKs are delivered via signed metadata that is verified using a key built into the FDroid client app, there is no risk of getting served malware even if the HTTPS connection is completely and transparently broken. As part of our Bazaar Project, we have been putting more and more efforts into the FDroid project, and working to make it much easier to use. All Guardian Project apps are available in FDroid, as well as all the core apps that you might need like Firefox, a Twitter client, K-9 email, etc. Tech journalist Dan Gillmor agrees: free software that respects privacy is not only for the über-geek anymore. Join the discussion at
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Strategic Management Development Trends by Grant Houston, studioD Changing business environments, coupled with technological and communication advances, requires business to apply strategic management strategies that adapts quickly to fluid environments. Goodshoot/Goodshoot/Getty Images Strategic management is the process in which management implements a plan or strategy that maximizes the utilization of resources for the benefit of the organization. Often times companies implement a plan, but fail to execute a process that measures performance on meeting and achieving goals. The strategic management plan should be used as a general blueprint of the direction of the organization, which includes a strategic analysis, such as -- SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities and threats). And successful plans need to be flexible and innovative in order to adapt to complex fluid environments. Defining Strategic Management? The term strategic is defined as a process by which an organization creates a plan or strategy that is designed to generate a positive outcome. Management is defined as the organization of processes within an enterprise based on specific policies designed to achieve stated objectives. Integrate the terms, strategic management, and you create a process for analyzing internal (strengths and weaknesses) and external (opportunities and threats) factors affecting the organization and provide a method for executing the strategy for the purposes of maximizing beneficial outcomes based on stated objectives. When conducting the strategic analysis either a "values" or "SWOT" analysis is required depending on the enterprise. Balanced Scorecard System Balanced scorecard strategic management is a system that aligns business activities with the vision and strategies of the enterprise. The system monitors the execution of objectives against the company's strategies and improves internal and external communication. This approach provides a business an active versus passive strategic management solution by providing management daily directives. With this framework, management can identify needs to be executed, as well as how and what factors to measure. The system views the organization from four perspectives -- learning and growth, business process, customers and financial -- for the purpose of gathering and analyzing data from each perspective. Stakeholder Theory Freeman Strategic Management is a trend based on the "Stakeholder Theory." Under this theory, management evaluates the importance of and identifies those organizational stakeholders that are vital to the success of the enterprise. According to Freeman's theory, stakeholders that are vital to organizational success are customers, suppliers, employees, communities, shareholders and managers. Under two primary principles -- "principle of corporate legitimacy" and the "stakeholder fiduciary principle" -- stakeholders should benefit from and participate in the decision making process or management, whereupon the manager acts as an agent in the interests of stakeholders for the benefit and survival of the corporation. Effective Strategic Management Trends are defined as either a general direction that something moves toward or something that is in vogue or stylish. The most successful strategic management philosophies are those that are historically effective as opposed to a trend. Trends, by definition, are things that fail the test of time. In order to build a successful organization, strategic management needs to be a general philosophy that provides the organizational management the ability to adapt and overcome changing customer needs and demands, government regulation and laws, markets, business and technological innovations, economies and geopolitically-driven economic events. About the Author Photo Credits • Goodshoot/Goodshoot/Getty Images Suggest an Article Correction
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
The Guava is a perennial tropical and a member of the Myrtle family. Because the guava is a tropical, it is only viable in planting zones 9 and up. The tree does well in most any kind of soil from heavy clay to light sand. It tolerates a wide range of pH levels from 4.5 to 9.4, though a pH between 5.5 and 7 is ideal. While good-draining soil is generally recommended to grow guavas, they have been known to grow well in wet areas where most other fruit trees would perish. This tree will thrive when planted in a sunny spot. Place your guava seed on a wet paper towel and fold the paper towel over the seed. Place the paper towel into a sealable plastic bag. Poke holes into the baggie with a toothpick. Take a plate and add a bit of water to it. Place the baggie on top of the plate. Set the plate in a dark place and wait three weeks. Add water to the plate every four to five days. Allowing the seed to remain moist while in a dark place will help to speed along germination. Prepare a soil mixture in a gallon bucket that is one part compost and two parts potting soil. Remove the seed from the baggie and the paper towel. Bury the seed 2 inches deep in the center of the bucket. Water the soil and then cover it with plastic wrap. Poke ten to twelve holes into the plastic wrap. Place the bucket in a sunny location. Remove the plastic wrap from the container when your guava seedling appears. Keep the soil moist. Allow the seedling to grow in the bucket until it’s roughly 18 to 24 inches tall. Dig a hole for your guava tree. The hole should be deep enough to completely cover the roots of the young sapling. Gently tamp down the soil around the tree after it’s planted to remove any air pockets which may be around the tree’s roots. Water the tree thoroughly. The tree will require between 40 and 80 inches of water per year to thrive. Plan to water the tree often if you are not in a rainy area. Fertilize your guava tree monthly with a complete fertilizer mix. After the tree’s first year, fertilizer applications can be reduced to every other month. Plan to spray a nutritional spray on the tree twice a year, generally in the spring and early fall. Spray should contain zinc and copper.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Lighter. That's all Eric Avar could think about. How can I make a lighter performance basketball shoe? Today's portion of "20 Designs That Changed The Game" examines how Avar went about designing the Nike Air Hyperflight. Borrowing from elements featured on track spikes, the shoe was built from the ground up with weight as the focal point. No unnecessary technology was added. It was as close to the sock as you could get. The Hyperflight was ultra-thin, but still managed to offer the end-user a great deal of support. Combined with vibrant colorways, the shoe became a turning point in basketball footwear development. [via Nike, Inc.]
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Panda Express END What is Education Not Deportation/ End Program?? Education Not Deportation (END) is a national program designed to help stop the removal proceedings (deportation) of immigrants who are not a treat to the nation. Until the current administration grants undocumented immigrants ‘administrative relief,’ hundreds of thousands of undocumented individuals are in danger of being deported and being torn apart of their family. North Texas Dream Team, an affiliate of the United We Dream, is prepared to work to help prevent another undocumented immigrant from being removed (deported). Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) 1. What is the END Program? A: The END is a national program, an effort by multiple volunteer organizations with the help of congressional and lawyer contacts, designed to help stop the removal proceedings (deportation) of undocumented individuals who are not a treat to the nation. You submit your case to our national organization, United We Dream, at END Program. From here, cases are sent to an affiliate organization in your area to start the campaign for your removal proceeding (deportation) case. 2. How do you help stop removal proceedings (deportations)? A: In short? We don’t. The decision is made by ICE, DOJ, or the immigration judge overseeing your case. What the END program does is bring awareness to your case through social media (Facebook, Twitter, Blogspot, etc.), press conferences, and other outlets so that various communities come together in support for you, and in opposition to your deportation. Also help find an attorney and helps over see the case. To prevent an exhaustive list, it is best you get in contact with the END Coordinator for the North Texas Dream Team, or for your nearest affiliate, if you are not in the north Texas area. 3. I am in removal (deportation) proceedings; can you take my case? A: Perhaps. We can’t take on every deportation case, and your case will be different from that of another person. After review by the National Coordinating Committee, the affiliate is given the go-ahead to start working on a case. This is not meant to discourage you from submitting your case, and once you give us more details by submitting your case, you will be contacted and your case, reviewed. *DISCLAIMER* — Very Important; Please Read The North Texas Dream Team (NTDT) is a volunteer organization. Many of us are college students or young professionals, and not lawyers. We cannot provide you with legal advice, legal representation, or answer questions specific to your case. 100% of the time, we advice you to contact an immigration lawyer to handle your case. If your case is selected on which to operate an END program, we will work in partnership with your lawyer. This isn’t to say you should rush in finding a lawyer — do your research. ICE detention centers provide lists of lawyers, including a list of free (pro-bono) or low-cost lawyers.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Supplements to Support Mental Health Let’s discover a healthy balance of Phytonutrients, Antioxidants and Carotenoids to promote your mental, cognitive, and cardiovascular health. Studies have suggested that the intake of antioxidant nutrients can cut down the homocysteine (an amino acid in the blood) levels, counteracting the negative inflammatory results related to Alzheimer’s disease. Daily intake of liquids rich in antioxidants for a period of 8 months helped contribute towards a slighter increase of homocysteine in comparison to the placebo group used in the study. The Journal of Neurological Sciences reported that these results were even higher in patients suffering from moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Carried out by researchers at the Catholic University of San Antonio (in sunny Murcia, Spain), the principal finding of this study was the discovery of a decrease in homocysteine concentration associated with the intake of antioxidants. This was more evident in patients with moderate Alzheimer’s disease. According to the researchers “the dietary polyphenolics provide numerous health benefits, such as anti-inflammation and antioxidation; our results suggest that polyphenol antioxidant supplement can reduce the effects of inflammation and cardiovascular risk associated to Alzheimer’s disease”. Homocysteine’s role in Alzheimer’s Disease As previous epidemiological research has shown, there is a relation between dementia (confirmed or suspected) and elevated levels of homocysteine. In fact, the Framingham research states that the risk of mental disorders is double in patients with levels of homocysteine of over fourteen micromoles per liter of serum. According to the researchers, “It is not clear, however, if an elevation of homocysteine concentration is a “risk factor” with a direct pathophysiological role in the development of the disease or merely a “risk marker” reflecting an underlying process such as oxidative stress, responsible for both the high homocysteine concentrations and the development of Alzheimer’s disease.” They further explained “At present we know that elevations in plasma tHcy temporally precede the development of dementia and that there is a continuous, inverse linear relation between plasma homocysteine concentrations and cognitive performance in older persons”. Facts of the Study One hundred women took part in a clinical trial carried out by researchers in Murcia, Spain. Out of these one hundred women, 52 were healthy with no Alzheimer’s disease, 24 suffered from moderate Alzheimer’s, and another 24 were diagnosed with early-onset Alzheimer’s. The women were, at random, allocated in one of the two following groups: a group that would receive a daily intake of placebo for eight months and a group that would take a supplement rich in polyphenol and antioxidants made of green tea and apple extracts, apple and lemon juice, along with Vitamin C and B complex vitamins. The results showed a lower increase of homocysteine in the group that was taking the antioxidant rich beverage: 11.7 micromoles per liter compared to the 15.63 of the group that was taking the placebo. Moreover, the Alzheimer patients’ level of homocysteine dropped to 10.49 micromoles per liter, while the patients treated with the placebo had level of 16.58 micromoles per liter. The researchers stated “If we take the value homocysteine (tHcy) 14.0 micromoles per liter as a “risk value” associated with cardiovascular alterations on neuro-degenerative diseases, we can state that this concentration was higher in those subjects that took the placebo drink in the control group and in the group of AD in the moderate phase, whereas the subjects of those groups that took the drink rich in polyphenolic antioxidants beverage maintained their homocysteine levels lower than 14.0 micromoles per liter”. The results shown in the clinical test helped support the theory that antioxidant drinks help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases related to hyper-homocysteinemia in patients that suffer from Alzheimer’s disease. Evolution of the Homocysteine Hypothesis Prior to the Homocysteine Hypothesis, hyper-homocysteinemia was considered a factor of risk for atherosclerotic disease, which is associated with heart disease. The relation was established by observing kids with homocystinuria, a genetic condition that results in high levels of homocysteine, which are indicators of cardiovascular risk. This observation was transferred to the general population, with the theory that Vitamin B supplements can lower the levels of homocysteine in blood and, consequently the cardiovascular risk. Researchers from the University of Oxford reported their findings in the Archives of Internal Medicine (Vol. 170, pp. 1622-1631).
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Or download our app "Guided Lessons by Education.com" on your device's app store. Going to the local toy store isn't the norm for most around the world. In many countries, children and adults simply use naturally gathered materials to create toys. For example, in Haiti, one popular tradition involves using seasonal fruits to build toy vehicles. Show your little engineer how to make her very own fruit car with this cost effective and environmentally-friendly activity! Whether you find the materials from a neighbor's fruit tree (with permission, of course!), or a stall at the local farmers' market, choosing fruits to invent unique toys is half the fun of this project.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Correlations between the Rotations and Magnetospheres of the Terrestrial Planets and the Sun’s Formation in Our Solar System Correlations between the rotations of the terrestrial planets in our solar system and the magnetic field of the Sun have been previously noted. These correlations account for the opposite rotation of Venus as a result of the magnetic field of the Sun being dragged across the conducting core of Venus. Currently, the Sun’s magnetic field is not sufficiently strong to account for the proposed correlations. But recently meteorite paleomagnetism measurements have indicated that during the Sun’s formation the magnetic field of the Sun was of sufficient strength to have resulted in the observed correlations. Also, dating back to the Sun’s formation are measurements showing that the Sun’s core rotates four times faster than the Sun’s surface. Both the counter rotation of Venus and the initial period of strong Sun magnetic fields are believed to be relics of the time period when the Sun’s core to surface differential rotation was established. As a part of these correlations, it was hypothesized that for a terrestrial planet to exhibit a magnetosphere, the average density must be ≥ 5350 ± 50 kg/m 3 . On this basis, only the Earth and Mercury would have formed initial magnetospheres, while Venus, Mars, and the “Moon” would not have developed magnetospheres. For such correlations to still be present today requires our Sun to have been formed as a sole star and with what might be termed a friendly Jupiter. Otherwise, the observed correlations would have been disrupted over time. Introduction In a recent paper, correlations between the rotation properties of the terrestrial planets in our solar system and the magnetic fields from the rotating Sun were noted [1]. It should be noted that at the present time the Sun rotates about ten times for even one year of Venus traversing around the Sun. One proposed result was that the counter rotation of Venus could be explained by the magnetic breaking action of the Sun's magnetic field acting on the electrically conducting core of Venus. A problem with that explanation was the question of whether the magnetic field from the Sun would be strong enough to influence the rotation of Venus. The magnetic fields from the Sun at the location of the terrestrial planets at the present time do not seem to be strong enough to influence the rotation properties of the terrestrial planets. It was also hypothesized that only terrestrial planets with an average density greater than 5350 ± 50 kg/m 3 would exhibit an initial magnetosphere and magnetic field. On this basis, only Earth and Mercury would have exhibited initial magnetospheres. Venus, Mars, and the Moon would not have exhibited initial magnetospheres. The purpose of this paper is to more fully address whether at some time in the past the magnetic field from the Sun would have been strong enough to influence the rotation of Venus and the other terrestrial planets. Earth, it had been pointed out in an earlier paper, only acquired a sufficiently high average density to acquire a magnetosphere because of the violence of the impact between two bodies that then resulted in the present Earth-Moon system [2]. Figure 1 illustrates the event that led to the creation of the Earth-Moon system. The dotted line connecting the average densities of Mercury, Venus and Mars shows the expected density variation resulting from the cooler temperatures as a function of the greater distances away from the Sun. The anomalously high density of Earth then resulted from the violence of the event that created the Earth-Moon system. Mars similarly would have to have exhibited a lower electrical conductivity core to allow its rotation to be decoupled from influence from the Sun. At present, the Sun's magnetic field is weak out in the vicinity of the terrestrial planets so the magnetic correlations Figure 1. The dotted line shows the variation in the average terrestrial planet density as a function of the distance from the Sun [1]. The anomalous Earth and Moon average densities are also indicated. as seem to be present must be from some still remaining state when the Sun's magnetic field was sufficiently strong to have established the observed correlations. It is probable that such strong magnetic field interactions only existed during the initial formation of the Sun. Recent paleomagnetic measurements have indicated that a period of strong magnetic fields about the Sun for distances of AU did exist early on during the formation of the Sun [3] [4]. For such effects to still be observable attests to the fact that our solar system formed as a single star system that has a particularly friendly Jupiter. Such behavior has a low probability of being repeated in other low mass star systems. Results and Discussion The terrestrial planets in our solar system formed in the presence of a thermal gradient with higher temperatures occurring nearer the Sun. The Sun and the planets had a common formation time of 4.6 billion years ago. The Sun comprises 99.9% of the mass in the solar system so that details of the Sun's formation are expected to be important for subsequent time periods. As shown in Figure 1 the average density of the terrestrial planets Mercury, Venus, and Mars follow a smooth curve with the Earth-Moon system being anomalous because of the violence of the Earth formation process. Terrestrial planets are expected to exhibit gravitational differentiation so that more dense and metallic regions sink to the interior regions. The Earth acquired this anomalously high density as a result of the Earth-Moon formation process. To have a consistent model for the rotation properties of the different terrestrial planets, it was necessary to postulate that only terrestrial planets with an average density ≥ 5350 ± 50 kg/m 3 would have exhibited an initial magnetosphere. On this basis the Earth and Mercury developed magnetospheres but Venus and Mars never exhibited magnetospheres. Venus exhibited a conducting metallic core so that induced eddy currents were induced because of the relatively rapidly rotating Sun's magnetic field. The small axial tilt angle of Venus provided efficient coupling to the Sun's rotating field. Mars exhibits a relatively large axial tilt angle so that Mars having a relatively low conductivity core allows its rotations to be decoupled from the Sun's field since the lower core conductivity would allow few eddy currents to be generated in the core of Mars. It should be noted that at the present time the Sun still rotates about ten times for one orbital period of Venus. Initially the Sun exhibited a higher angle momentum value and would have been rotating initially faster than at the present time. The Earth's magnetic field except during some brief essential formation period of the Sun appears to be stronger than the Sun's field at a distance of ∼AU. These correlations are summarized in Table 1. The terrestrial planets interact with the Sun's magnetic field in one of two ways. For terrestrial planets that exhibit a magnetic field of their own, that field usually dominates the effects of the more distant and hence weaker field of the Sun. Terrestrial planets that do not exhibit magnetic fields of their own interact with the Sun's magnetic field to the extent [4]. Quoting from [4]: "Paleomagnetic measurements indicate the presence of fields of 0.54 ± 0.21 G at ~1 to 3 astronomical units (AU) from the Sun and ≥0.06 G at 3 to 7 AU until > 1.22 and >2.51 million years (Ma) after solar system formation, respectively. These intensities are consistent with those predicted to enable typical astronomically observed protostellar accretion rates of ~10 −8 M⊙ year −1 suggesting that magnetism played a central role in mass transport in PPDs. Paleomagnetic studies also indicate fields < 0.006 G and <0.003 G in the inner and outer solar system by 3.94 and 4.89 Ma, respectively, consistent with the nebular gas having dispersed by this time. This is similar to the observed lifetimes of extrasolar protoplanetary disks". In particular, these paleomagnetic studies indicate that there was a time period of several million years for which the solar magnetic field was strong enough to have directly influenced the rotation properties of any electrically conducting bodies at distances of ~AU from the Sun. The paleomagnetic studies also indicated that the solar magnetic fields at such distances were also shown to have become much weaker by about 4 -5 million years. Since the initial time period of the Sun's formation is under consideration, the initial luminosity of the Sun is relevant. The Sun's initial luminosity according to Bahcall et al. was 0.7 times the present Sun's luminosity [5]. In a previous paper the luminosity of the Sun as a function of time was approximated by a linear approximation [1]. In this equation, L 0 is the present day luminosity of the Sun. This equation is a linear approximation to the detailed modelling of the surface temperature, radii, and luminosity of the Sun plotted as a function of time by Bahcall et al. in [5]. World Journal of Condensed Matter Physics The linear approximation agrees with the initial luminosity found in [5] and with the present day luminosity. In [1], the planet surface temperatures for Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars were plotted versus absorption length for this initial time period when the Sun's luminosity was 0.7 * L 0 . To maintain liquid water on the Earth with an initial luminosity of 0.7 * L 0 , a surface temperature of at least 273 K required, an absorption length of about 4 is required versus about 1 for a luminosity of L 0 . This indicates that a substantially higher concentration of polyatomic gases, or greenhouse gases, would have been required. Since the average density of Venus implies that Venus never developed a magnetosphere, the electrically conducting core of Venus directly responded to the rapidly changing magnetic fields from the rotating Sun. The opposite rotation of Venus is then the result of eddy current braking effects due to the strong magnetic field of the Sun during this initial time period being pulled across the conducting core of Venus. The coupling of the rotation of Venus during this period of high initial Sun's magnetic field is shown in Figure 2. It should be noted that the resulting motion is independent of the polarity of the Sun's field. Even as the polarity of the Sun's field reverses the forces on Venus still produce the same subsequent rotation of Venus. This can be readily demonstrated by making a model in which Venus is modeled by a brass disk or other conductor. Dragging a magnetic field directed into, or out of, the near edge disk surface results in the same rotation behavior irrespective of the polarity of the magnetic field. The small axial tilt angle of Venus at 2.64 ̊ provides efficient coupling to the field of the Sun. Mars did not respond to the period of high magnetic fields from the Sun it is argued because of the low conductivity of the core of Mars. This allowed the rotations of Mars to be decoupled from the Sun's initially high magnetic field intensity and is consistent with a degree of incomplete differentiation in Mars. The amount of iron oxides and intrinsic red color of the surface of Mars is an indication of this. The axial tilt angle of Mars at 25.2 ̊ would have provided only weak coupling to any magnetic fields from the Sun. The length of a day on Mars appears to have been largely unchanged since early times in the solar system. Mars never developed a magnetic field rather than having lost some ancient magnetic field. Mercury initially would have had a magnetic field but that magnetosphere was frozen out as the small size of Mercury ensured rapid cooling. Mercury currently does not exhibit plate tectonics but only a contracting single plate crust [6]. It was recently shown by Tarduno et al. that by moon rock measurements that the Moon never developed a magnetic field [7]. This result is consistent with the hypothesis for a terrestrial body to manifest an initial magnetosphere since the average density of the Moon at 3370 kg/m 3 is substantially less than the value 5350 ± 50 kg/m 3 . To explore whether the Sun underwent some subsequent period of time in which the Sun's field rose once again to a level that would have been strong enough to have influenced the rotations of the terrestrial planets subsequent to the initial formation it is necessary to examine some aspects of the nebular model. The Nebular model says that the Sun formed when a great swirling cloud of gas and dust became compressed in some region due to some shockwave interaction. Gravity then caused the compressed region to act as a center of rotation with kinetic energy then accumulating as additional mass was drawn to this seed region. Rotational angular momentum increased about this point since rotational symmetry was improbable. For a compact star to be formed requires that a mechanism be present to remove most of the angular momentum from the forming star [8]. As detailed by Larson, it is highly unlikely for a lone low mass star such as our Sun to be formed. It is much more probable that at least two stars allow a much more probable mechanism for transporting angular momentum away from a central point. There is then a low probability for single stars to be formed. Our Sun then represents a relatively improbable case. The increasing kinetic energy of the central region raised the temperature of a core region until some fusion energy release started to limit the further collapse of the forming star. Magnetic field lines developed a dipolar magnetic field aligned principally with the axis of rotation. Infalling material was dragged around by the rotating field. Magnetic field lines then looped into spaced apart regions running through the forming convection zone. These tubules decrease in spacing at higher rotation latitudes because of the smaller circumference leading to flux coupling at higher latitudes where sunspots form with field lines then emanating out from the Sun. If from above the outer surface of the Sun is rotating counterclockwise then the material and forming planets also have a counterclockwise orbital motion. This supports the convection zone as the principal source of the Sun's magnetic fields. It is then not necessary to change any behavior of the core to have the Sun's magnetic field polarity reverse. This allows the Sun's magnetic field polarity to reverse on the rapid time scale of about every 11 years; at least over the last century. After this initial time period the Sun's magnetic field strength weakened to not more than <0.006 G by 3.94 Ma [4]. Modeling does not show any subsequent time period for which the Sun's magnetic field would have become strong enough again to have affected the terrestrial planet rotation behavior [5]. The initial behavior exhibited by our Sun seems to be unusual and depends on our Sun being a lone star system with a particularly friendly Jupiter to have these relics of the initial star formation process still measurable at the present time. Recent measurements have shown that there was a period in the Sun's formation in which the outer parts of the Sun transitioned to a state in which the outer parts of the Sun rotated at one fourth the rate of the Sun's core [9]. The authors state that this velocity differentiation was a 4.6 BYr old relic from when the Sun formed. To have the outer regions rotating slower than the core regions represents a time period in which the angular momentum of the Sun was rapidly lowered during the time when the Sun's field was of high intensity as measured by the paleomagnetic measurements and then decreasing in magnitude as the outer rotation became stabilized. At this point, the surrounding material was largely ionized and electrically conducting. This allows efficient coupling to any magnetic fields accompanying the forming star. Solar wind generated emissions of charged particles then transported the angular momentum away from the central star. A spiral generated pattern of magnetic field lines then formed commonly known as the Parker spiral. As the central star formed the transfer of angular momentum and magnetic field levels surrounding the star greatly diminished. Most of the material was drawn into the star region with material in the outer regions condensing in regions hot near the star to lower temperatures farther out. The planets formed outside the star then carried large amounts of angular momentum. In our solar system the orbital angular momentum of the Sun is only about 3% of the total angular momentum of the orbital sum of the planets plus the rotational angular momentum of the Sun. At higher Sun latitudes where the flux lines become closer together so that there is increased magnetic braking so that differential rotation occurs so that the rotation period increases to about 36 days versus about 25 days for the Sun's equatorial region as observed in the present Sun. The initial rotation rate was faster corresponding to a high angular momentum value. Particles emanating from the surface then start to clear the rotating ionized dust from the surrounding material that reduces the angular momentum of the rotating Sun. No period subsequent to the initial formation of the Sun is possible according to Bahcall Table 1 highlights several correlations that have been observed between the terrestrial planet rotations and the dipolar magnetic field of the Sun. If a terrestrial planet exhibits a magnetic field, that field is expected to dominate any field from the distant Sun. Terrestrial planets that do not exhibit a magnetic field can interact with Sun's field proportional to the electrical conductivity of a core region. Conclusion To obtain a consistent model of behavior, it was necessary to hypothesize that an average density of ≥5350 ± 50 kg/m 3 was necessary for a terrestrial planet, and even the Moon, to exhibit an initial magnetosphere. Venus, Mars, and the Moon would not have ever developed magnetospheres. Venus then having a high conductivity metallic core would be set into counter rotation due to the fairly rapid rotation of the Sun's high initial value magnetic field. Eddy currents in the metallic core of Venus then act to cause the counter rotation of Venus independent of the polarity of the Sun's magnetic field. Mars would then need to exhibit a fairly low conductivity core, so that the rotation of Mars would be independent of the Sun's initial magnetic field. The relatively low electrical conductivity of the Martian core decouples the rotation of Mars from any changes in the Sun's initial magnetic field. It has only been determined recently that during the Sun's formation there was a time period of several million years during which the Sun's magnetic field at ~1 AU was strong enough to have established the observed correlations [3] [4]. This has been established by paleomagnetic measurements. The high angular momentum of the forming Sun was transferred out away from the Sun by an initial high flux of solar wind sweeping out away an initial sheath of charged particles surrounding the Sun. During this initial Sun formation period, there was an initial period of the Sun exhibiting a high magnetic field as required by the paleomagnetic measurements, but also a period of rapid angular momentum transfer out away from the Sun. This is supported by recent reporting that during this initial time period 4.6 BYr ago that the Sun's surface began to rotate 4 times slower than the Sun's core. What is observed now is a leftover relic of this initial formative period 4.6 BYr ago [9]. Identifying the time of this velocity differentiation establishment as the time period when the Sun's magnetic field was high as noted by the paleomagnetic measurements, then the counter rotation of Venus and the core to surface rotation differentiation are both relics of the time when the Sun formed. Conflicts of Interest The author declares no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
|
allenai/peS2o
|
default
| 0.02
|
Tuesday, August 30, 2011 Say What Preston?! The Oregon Coast Edition. "If you give me chocolate I will listen. If you don't then I won't." After walking into a chocolate shop and buying some candy and then refusing to let him have it until we got back to the house so that he wouldn't make a mess of it while we were still shopping. For the record, he did not get any chocolate. "Mama...let's you upstairs and climb in the bed and lay down and go to sleep! I'm tired!" "Give me money and a debit card!" I had just finished telling Preston that if he didn't stop kicking his DVD player then it was going to break and if he broke it I wasn't going to buy him a new one. No comments:
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Q. I do not eat vegetables at all, in fact, I do not eat healthy. I sometimes go three four days not eating. I am bipolar and I have no energy. I will sleep for two days constantly and then cannot sleep for several days after. I need help. Suggestions?? A. A healthy diet, adequate sleep, exercise, and relaxation are very important for health. Consuming fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk for heart diseases, some cancers, type 2 diabetes, and obesity. That is, those who consumed higher amounts of fruits and vegetables had decreased risk for chronic diseases. See our Top 10 reasons for eating fruits and vegetables. Since most individuals do not meet current recommendations for fruits and vegetables, we encourage eating ‘more’. See easy ways to include more in your diet. To work on getting healthier, start with seeing your doctor. Discuss your concerns and your current habits so they are fully aware of how to help you. Good luck.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Sidney AR ZIP Code Sidney city is located in Arkansas State, Sharp County and has a unique zip code assigned by the US Postal Service Office. You can search for the Sidney AR zip code by its streets and block numbers if we have some of the Sidney streets loaded in our website Sidney Zip Code - Arkansas The US ZIP Code basic format consists of five decimal numerical digits assigned to the Sidney City. An extended ZIP+4 code, introduced in the 1980s, includes the five digits of the Sidney ZIP code, a hyphen, and four more digits that determine a more specific location within a given ZIP code in Sidney, Arkansas. The Sidney Zip Code is 72577. If you want to send a mail to Sidney City, you should use the 72577 Zip Code. In 1983, the U.S. Postal Service introduced an expanded Sidney ZIP code system that it called ZIP+4, often called "plus-four codes", "add-on codes", or "add ons". A ZIP+4 code uses the basic 72577 Zip code plus four additional digits to identify a geographic segment within the five-digit delivery area, such as a Sidney city block, a group of apartments, an individual high-volume receiver of mail or any other unit that could use an extra identifier to aid in efficient mail sorting and delivery in Arkansas. Sidney, Arkansas - MAP What is the Sidney Zip Code? The Sidney Zip Code in Arkansas is 72577. ZIP Plus 4 Sidney - US Streets Zip Codes By pressing keys ctrol + F you can search Sidney zip codes by its streets, highways, and know the ZIP+4 US ZIP Code Search Sidney Zip Code What is the zip code for Sidney AR? Sidney, Arkansas - US Zip Code Sidney ZIP Code Lookup 72577 Zip Code File: Zip Code: 72577, City: Sidney Sidney Area Code: 870 Sidney, AR - Time Zone: Central (GMT -06:00) County: Sharp City Alias: Sidney State: Arkansas State Abb: AR Arkansas Zip+4 - Nearby Sidney Cities Cities near Sidney in Arkansas (straight line) View more Arkansas zip codes
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
For color TV tubes. (Europe) In 1890 Boisbaudran obtained basic fractions from samarium-gadolinium concentrates which had spark spectral lines not accounted for by samarium or gadolinium. These lines subsequently have been shown to belong to europium. The discovery of europium is generally credited to Demarcay, who separated the rare earth in reasonably pure form in 1901. The pure metal was not isolated until recent years. Europium is now prepared by mixing Eu2O3 with a 10%-excess of lanthanum metal and heating the mixture in a tantalum crucible under high vacuum. The element is collected as a silvery-white metallic deposit on the walls of the crucible. As with other rare-earth metals, except for lanthanum, europium ignites in air at about 150 to 180oC. Europium is about as hard as lead and is quite ductile. It is the most reactive of the rare-earth metals, quickly oxidizing in air. It resembles calcium in its reaction with water. Bastnasite and monazite are the principal ores containing europium. Europium has been identified spectroscopically in the sun and certain stars. Seventeen isotopes are now recognized. Europium isotopes are good neutron absorbers and are being studied for use in nuclear control applications. Europium oxide is now widely used as a phospor activator and europium-activated yttrium vanadate is in commercial use as the red phosphor in color TV tubes. Europium-doped plastic has been used as a laser material. With the development of ion-exchange techniques and special processes, the cost of the metal has been greatly reduced in recent years. Europium is one of the rarest and most costly of the rare-earth metals. It is priced about about $7500/kg. Sources: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics and the American Chemical Society. Last Updated: 12/19/97
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Thursday, June 08, 2006 Why Nebraska Failed to Make the Grade Jason said... I think you can link our recent downturn to Frank Solich's lack of success recruiting top talent. Granted he was following a legend in Tom Osborne, which would be hard for anyone. But it was clear that during his rein as head coach, we weren't pulling in the talent we were used to. Thankfully, Callahan has turned that around, pulling in top 10 recruiting classes every year. Hopefully we are on the way back up. Awesome Inc. said... That'd be one reason, but not THE reason. Solich was not bringing near enough talent to keep the train rolling. He rode Crouch for a few years and then things just collapsed. Hopefully that won't happen again, although I'd take it if it meant we just had another run like '93-'97.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
DACA Delay Exposes Hypocritical Republican Congress – American Greatness DACA Delay Exposes Hypocritical Republican Congress By | 2018-04-30T12:44:53-07:00 April 29th, 2018| Print Friendly, PDF & Email Donald Trump as a candidate vowed, “We will immediately terminate President Obama’s two illegal executive amnesties.” In particular, he promised to roll back the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program, which gave legal status to illegal immigrants whose parents brought them to the United States as children. In March, the president made good, announcing he was rolling back DACA. Shortly after the president initiated the program’s rollback, however, district court judges in Brooklyn and San Francisco issued national injunctions to keep DACA in place. Now, a district court judge in the District of Columbia has gone even further. His ruling would not only keep the program in place but order the government to accept new applications. What? This recent out-of-control judicial ruling speaks to two central issues that, increasingly, are becoming the deciding factor when it comes to Trump’s ability to accomplish his agenda: district judges hell-bent on blocking his efforts, and a Congress unwilling to do its job. In areas ranging from the travel ban to rolling back some of Obamacare’s most controversial mandates, district court judges have proven themselves to be enthusiastic obstacles, stretching the limits of their judicial power to block the president’s efforts. In frustrating Trump’s policy goals, they are also hemming in his ability to exercise the same executive authority that President Obama used to create these same programs. In fact, the key objections to DACA from the Right are not solely with the conference of legal status, but rather the lawless manner with which the program was created. When Congress failed to pass Obama’s legislative priorities, Obama declared “I’ve got a pen, and I’ve got a phone,” and effectively assigned himself the legislative role reserved for Congress. DACA arrived shortly thereafter. Yet, where Obama had a pen, Trump now has an eraser. He should be able to use the same methods by which Obama created these programs to roll them back. But all of his attempts to do so have raised a furor on the Left and objections from district court judges contorting their legal analysis to keep Trump from changing anything. The tart observation from Senator James F. Byrnes in 1933 seems more prescient now than ever: the closest thing to immortality on earth is a federal program. Where district court judges have inserted themselves as a foil to Trump’s agenda, Congress also shares a large part of the blame, particularly when it comes to DACA. Trump actively sought to work with Congress to address the issue, even offering to codify the program in exchange for an end to chain migration and money for a wall at the southern border. Yet Congress failed to deliver. On anything. Or even to spend any significant time deliberating or legislating on the issue. Inaction from Congress is all the more notable given the number of Republicans who, for years, ran opposed to Obama’s illegal amnesty. In their continued inaction, they not only are standing in the way of Trump’s agenda, they are wasting away what little credibility they have as principled legislators. Judges may get most of the attention, but congressional fecklessness is just as much to blame for DACA’s continued existence. Practically speaking, keeping DACA in place maintains an unsustainable status quo. DACA, particularly now as the program is required to accept new applications, remains a strong incentive for further illegal immigration. Since January, the government has received 64,210 DACA renewal applications, according to the Justice Department. 31,860 have been approved, with 32,000 still pending. 54,840 of the current enrollees will not see their DACA status expire until 2020. DACA is an insufficient remedy to the larger problem of illegal immigration. Without enhanced border enforcement, cities who follow immigration laws and a reformed legal system, DACA does nothing but encourage individuals to continue to break the law. Moreover, it does not, as many Democrats claim, simply shield high school valedictorians from deportation. DACA statistics show that most enrollees are actually adults between the ages of 21 and 25, only 20 percent are college educated, and less than half demonstrate fluency in English. While there are certainly sympathetic cases among them, most DACA recipients are akin to ordinary illegal immigrants who have not merited the special status that DACA confers. The security threats surrounding DACA are equally troubling. Over 2,000 DACA recipients have had their deferred status terminated due to “criminality or gang affiliation.” Given the “light and lean” vetting approach used by the Obama administration, DACA, and lack of immigration enforcement more generally, have also contributed to the rise of MS-13 gang activity across the United States. Trump’s promise to end DACA inspired many of the voters who prioritize the rule of law over half measures for temporary political gains. While the Trump Justice Department defends his agenda against lower court judges bent on blocking it, it’s time for Congress to will itself out of its perpetual slumber and show itself as a willing and capable partner to Trump’s efforts. After all, it was congressional Republicans who led the initial opposition to DACA amnesty. Their current failure to support their president in actually taking down the program lays bare a deep hypocrisy that will no doubt be on the minds of voters going to the polls in November. Photo credit: MANDEL NGAN/AFP/Getty Images About the Author: Rachel Bovard
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Wednesday, June 9, 2010 Greek Salad A lot of people asked how to make this salad at the baby shower I hosted on Saturday. My sister is the one who came up with the recipe, but I an happy to share it. And it's so easy. For the salad part: -Romaine lettuce -Feta Cheese Now for the dressing. It's not an exact, rather an eyeballing process. I'll give you approximately how much I use. You can add more or less of any ingredient until you get it the way you like it. Ok so here is the real flavor: It's all purpose Greek seasoning, I get it at World Market, but I've seen it at the grocery store in a smaller more expensive package. I would say I use about 1/4 cup of this, at least. -Then add an equal amount of grated Parmesan cheese -A couple cloves of garlic pressed or minced -Vegetable oil, I pretty much pour it to the top of the dressing container. Vegetable oil works better because it won't solidify as quickly as olive oil. -And last Balsamic vinegar to taste.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
By Phil Zimmer The elite German paratroopers, who were some of the finest fighters in the service of the Third Reich, believed they were exceptionally well prepared to defend the deep water port of Brest on France’s Brittany coast against an impending attack by the Allies. By mid-September 1944, the Germans had had time to dig deep trenches, string thousands of miles of barbed wire, lay deadly mines, and establish interlocking fields of fire to ward off anyone foolish enough to approach by land. The centerpiece of the German defense was Fort Montbarey, an 18th-century French fort located just two miles west of the city’s walls. The fort’s stout masonry walls were coupled with a massive 40-foot earth embankment and a historic 40-foot-wide, 15-foot-deep moat. Enemy pillboxes and well-placed machinegun positions were located outside the fort, which was further protected by a 10-foot-deep, 13-foot-wide antitank ditch and a 200-foot-wide minefield laced with buried 300-pound naval shells with hair-trigger igniters that could easily obliterate any oncoming tanks. The U.S. Army Air Forces’ massive effort to use aerial bombing to shake the Germans’ resolve did little more than create a cratered terrain around the fort and further solidify the defenders’ determination to hold the fort at any cost. But the Nazis were not prepared for the determination of Major Tom Dallas, the newly appointed commander of the 1st Battalion, 116th Infantry Regiment of the U.S. Army and British soldiers of the 141st Regiment, Royal Armored Corps, with their 15 flame-throwing Crocodile tanks. The Crocodile was one part of an odd-looking British tank force nicknamed Hobart’s Funnies. The fighting began at 8 am on September 14, and the going was exceptionally slow as the American infantry moved forward against the well-entrenched Germans. The British and Americans worked well together, with the Americans clearing a mine-free path for the advancing tankers and providing the infantry to protect the tanks from concealed Germans equipped with lethal panzerfaust antitank weapons. By 4:45 pm, three Crocodiles under the command of British Lieutenant Hubert A. Ward had edged toward the minefield, backed by four conventional tanks to provide covering cannon fire. The Crocodile was a Churchill tank in which the hull machine gun had been replaced by a flame thrower. It was particularly effective against enemy-held bunkers and trenches. Each of the three Crocodile tanks towed an armored trailer with 400 gallons of flammable fuel that could be forced to the tank and projected as far as 120 yards in front and ignited by an electric spark. Suddenly there was a huge explosion as the second Crocodile struck a hidden naval shell, instantly killing the driver and blocking the way forward for the following tanks. Without hesitation, Ward directed his lead tank forward in a lone assault. The assault, though, would prove key to turning the tide of battle. As the Crocodile moved forward firing flame, stunned surrendering Germans began running out of the pillboxes outside of Montbarey’s thick walls. More than 75 terrified Germans surrendered to the U.S. infantry. Ward and his intrepid tank crew continued forward through the minefield, antitank ditch, and craters, creating a “burning track of death through the rich harvest of machine guns and light antiaircraft and antitank guns,” according to the unit’s postwar history. Fiercer fighting would be needed to take the port, but the British and their Crocodiles had helped win the day. Although ultimately used against German-held ports in other regions of France than Normandy, Hobart’s Funnies initially were developed to ensure successful landings at the five beaches in Normandy where the Allies came ashore on June 6, 1944. These beaches were protected not only by concrete bunkers housing a variety of guns, but also by beaches strewn with all manner of mines and steel obstacles. To address the multitude of enemy-constructed obstacles incorporated into the German shore defenses, the Royal Engineers were inspired and assisted by British armor expert Maj. Gen. Percy Hobart. Lt. Gen. Sir Archibald Wavell, commander of British forces in the Middle East, had forced Hobart into early retirement in December 1939 largely because of Hobart’s unconventional ideas about armored warfare. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had Hobart reappointed in February 1941. The prime minister had a knack for spotting and tolerating those whose ideas differed from the mainstream. The fact that Hobart was British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery’s brother-in-law was kept rather carefully concealed by both men, because each would have to sink or swim on his own without assistance from the other. An illness compelled Hobart to take a three-month hiatus from February 1942 to May 1942, but he was back at work by late spring. Hobart subsequently took command in October of the British 79th Armored Division. The division was about to be disbanded in early 1943, but Chief of the Imperial Staff Field Marshal Alan Brooke found a way to keep it together. Brooke renamed it the 79th Experimental Armored Division Royal Engineers. He tasked it with designing and testing prototypes of tanks modified in such a way as to help breach the Atlantic Wall when the Allies eventually opened up a second front in Western Europe by invading France. Hobart would build on the success of a design and testing effort known as Exercise Kruschen that took place in Suffolk in March 1943 in which British engineers working with other members of the British military had tested the efficacy of deploying sappers on specialized armored engineering vehicles. Under Hobart’s supervision, the training and equipping of the 79th Experimental Armored Division Royal Engineers was undertaken in East Anglia, Suffolk, and South Wales. In preparation for the beach assaults, the Allies had built facsimiles of the obstacles, which were based on analysis gleaned from reconnaissance photos of the German coastal defenses, and used them in dress rehearsals of landings undertaken at the training sites. Many of the ideas used by Hobart were not original. Some already had been conceived and tested with various degrees of success. But it was Hobart and his engineers who debugged the devices, for the most part, and made them usable on the battlefield against highly experienced and highly gunned, well dug-in German defenders. For example, the Scorpion, a modified Matilda tank, had been used with some success to clear minefields in North Africa while the Russians had adapted some of their T-34 tanks with mine rollers. Bridge layers and fascine carriers also had been used elsewhere, but it was Hobart and his engineering assistants who refined the technologies and brought together the largest and most elaborate collection of specialized equipment to assault the Atlantic Wall. Most of the retrofitting involved modifications to the British Churchill tank or the U.S. Sherman tank. Each had its advantages. The Churchill had overall good performance traversing various kinds of terrain, and the Sherman was dependable because of its mechanical reliability. D-Day was the big coming out for Hobart’s Funnies. “It was the overwhelming mass of armor in the leading waves of the assault, the specialized equipment coming as a complete surprise, which overwhelmed and dismayed the defending troops and contributed in large part to the combination of strategic and tactical surprise which resulted in comparatively light casualties suffered by our troops on D-Day,” stated the 79th Division’s final report. For clearing mines, the Allies used modified Sherman tanks called Crabs. The Sherman tanks were outfitted with chain-and-ball flails that spun on a large drum mounted at the front of the vehicle. The Crab was a marked improvement over the earlier Scorpion, which was used with some success in North Africa. The Crab was a simplified version, using a direct drive shaft from the tank’s own engine rather than its predecessors’ more complex system that relied on two rather unreliable auxiliary motors to spin the drum. The Crab retained the Sherman’s 75mm main gun, enabling the vehicle to double as a gun platform. When flailing, the turret was turned so the main gun was facing toward the back to prevent damage from exploding mines. There was still room for improvement, as the Allies discovered, because on uneven ground the boom tended to rise, causing the flails to miss the ground and leading to deadly results for some unfortunate tank crews. Still, the Crab was a substantial improvement over both the Scorpion and hand-clearing. Crab crews were able to clear a nine-foot-wide path at upward of 1.5 miles per hour over reasonably level land. The largest and most diversified category of Hobart’s Funnies was the Armored Vehicle Royal Engineers, or ARVE. The AVRE was not actually a British invention but a Canadian one. It was the brainchild of Lieutenant John James Denovan of the Royal Canadian Engineers. Denovan, who had been a civilian engineer before the war, was assigned to the British Army Department of Tank Design. Denovan had lost a number of friends in the disastrous August 1942 Dieppe raid when the Canadian tanks bogged down on the sand and shingle of the beaches. That prompted Denovan and others in the Canadian ranks to look for more efficient ways to get tanks off a landing beach to bring them to bear against hardened, prepared German positions. Denovan and his colleagues prepared a report for the War Ministry in which they stated their desire to develop devices that would enable Allied tank crews to surmount obstacles without having to expose themselves to enemy fire in the process. Subsequently, Denovan and other engineers identified a variety of tasks they wished the devices to accomplish, such as carving a safe path through a minefield, crossing antitank ditches, demolishing obstacles with explosives, destroying bent rail obstacles, and laying mines under fire. One of the devices Denovan explored during the subsequent testing period was the Blacker Bombard, invented by Latham V.S. Bombard, a retired British Army lieutenant colonel. He initially developed the bombard early in the war as a spigot mortar to be used as an antitank weapon. It was a large and heavy weapon, weighing in at 300 pounds, that used black powder to propel either a 14-pound high explosive or 19.5-pound armor-piercing round 450 yards, with an effective range of 100 yards. Within a few weeks, Denovan and his crew had modified the weapon so it was capable of accurately firing a shell filled with 29 pounds of high explosives up to 80 yards. Testing proved that the mounted mortar, which was called a petard after the French explosive device of the 16th century, could destroy reinforced concrete structures. The device was given the go-ahead as a replacement for the Churchill’s main gun on selective tanks. The AVRE was designed to carry a variety of equipment needed to span obstacles or remove them from the path of follow-on forces. AVREs were designed to handle a variety of missions, including laying carpets across obstacles, deploying assault bridges, filling in ditches with fascines, recovering vehicles, and plowing mines. One of the better known of Hobart’s Funnies was the carpet-laying device known as a bobbin. The initial nine-foot-wide canvas carpet unrolled in front of the advancing tank from a horizontal roller mounted in front on twin arms. Later the mat was replaced by an 11-foot-wide, 100-foot long canvas reinforced by wire and chestnut saplings, developed for foot and light vehicle traffic. Once the D-Day landing sites were firmed up by the planners, aerial reconnaissance revealed that blue clay on some of the beaches would bog down vehicles. Consequently, modifications were made and a heavier mat reinforced with steel shuttering was used, and the carpet was extended to nearly 350 feet in some cases. The AVREs also could be equipped to carry what the British called a Box Girder, basically a 34-foot-long assault bridge mounted on the front of the tank. It could span a 30-foot gap and support a 40-ton load, sufficient to carry any of the vehicles used on D-Day, including a Churchill tank or another AVRE. The more complicated armored ramp carrier was a turretless Churchill tank with ramps at each end so that other tanks could move up the ramp, over the tank, and down the other ramp to proceed onward. One of the simpler devices was the fascine carrier, consisting of a cradle on front of an AVRE to carry a eight-foot-diameter bundle of 11-foot-long saplings that could be released to fill ditches or trenches so the advancing tanks could cross. The Bullshorn Plow consisted of a plow that cleared the area in front of each track and could be used over irregular, crater-filled terrain to clear crucial areas of land mines that might be missed by the flailing Crabs. The AVRE also served as a platform for various other miscellaneous devices and applications. One of these was the twin Bangalore torpedo. This application involved outfitting the front of an ARVE with a light framework that allowed the twin torpedoes to be placed and fired by soldiers who were protected by the vehicle. Another was known as the Porpoise. It was a waterproof sledge towed by an ARVE designed to keep additional demolition and ammunition stores dry while being transported. Omaha Beach did not have the benefit of AVREs. The Americans, admittedly, had not warmed to the idea of using AVREs that were based largely on British-designed tanks. That would have entailed a distinct, late-in-the-planning learning curve for the American tankers. Also, it would have necessitated initiating another redundant stream of replacement parts and supplies for the non-Sherman tanks. The Americans were not opposed to innovation, and they did accept and use the dual-drive swimming Shermans. After the Normandy landings, the Allies employed Hobart’s Funnies in other key parts of the liberation of German-occupied Western Europe, such as the capture in September 1944 of heavily fortified port cities such as Le Havre, Boulogne, and Calais, and other key coastal operations such as the opening of the Scheldt River in the Low Countries. But ultimately it was the overall quantity of Allied war matériel, coupled with the valiant men, that made the real difference throughout the long and bloody war. It was the combination of war matériel and the brains, brawn, and sheer determination of those involved that made the difference in how the AVREs and related implements of war were used to force the Nazis back toward Berlin and eventual capitulation.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
As a business owner, it is essential that you understand certain accounting and financial terms and forecasts in order to properly strategise and make your business a success. Without this knowledge, long-term financial strategies and current cost structures can suffer, damaging the business in the future, while confidence in your business amongst your investors and team can wane. The following set of definitions will aid you in the basic terms you will need to keep your business running smoothly. - Cash flow forecast: An indication of how much money you expect to receive and how much money will be going out of your business, including all future income and expenses over the coming 12 months. - Cost of goods sold (COGS) forecast: This forecast determines how much it costs you to produce your physical product or stock it, including wholesale costs, transport costs, insurance costs, sales commissions, and labour costs. In other words, it is the cost of the goods you are selling. The cost depends on the sales forecast. - Expenses forecast: This is a projection of how much you expect your operating expenses to cost over a certain period. In other words, it tells you what the costs of running your business will be and includes the likes of salaries, bank charges and interest, advertising, rental, telephone, transport operation, Internet access, and other expenses. - Financial forecast: a plan or budget for your business, estimating your expected income and expenses over a period of time. - Sales forecast: An estimate of your sales for a specific period using a projection of how much you can sell and how much you will charge, which is used to determine the business’ activity levels. These levels will aid in arranging all other forecasts and budgets. - Assets: The items with monetary value that a business owns, such as property, inventory, office furniture, or vehicles. See also Liabilities. - Audit: A process that sees auditors examine a business’ financial books. - Balance sheet: A statement of your assets, liabilities, and net equity at a certain point in time. See also Profit and Loss statement. - Bottom line: The overall profit of a company, or its net earnings. It is in essence a reference to the location of the amount on your company’s income statement, which is right at the bottom. - Break-even point: The first target for any start-up business, this is the point when a business’ sales exceed its expenses, allowing a profit to be recorded. - Business credit score: Businesses have credit scores just as individuals do. A business credit score is an indication of how likely the business is to pay its debts. - Capital: This is also known as equity and is the result of liabilities being deducted from assets. See also Equity, Debt. - Capital expenditure: Any items your business has purchased that currently or will benefit it, such as vehicles or property. - Capital Gains Tax: Tax incurred when a business sells an asset or property. - Capitalisation: Also known as invested capital, capitalisation refers to the total of the business’ earnings, stock, and long-term debt. - Cash flow: All the money that comes into and goes out of your business. - Collateral: This term refers to property that someone borrowing money from a financial services provider promises to the lender in case they default on a loan. - Concentration: The amount of business you do with a certain client. Your business will be over-concentrated if it is doing business with only a few clients. Investors will be more impressed if you have a low concentration. - Debt: The amounts of money the company owes to creditors, such as banks - Depreciation: The declining value of assets over time. - Equity: This is the money invested into the company in the form of investments from investors or personal assets. See Debt, Capital - Fixed cost: A cost that experiences no change despite rising or falling goods or services production. This includes rentals, salaries, and some utility bills. See Variable Costs. - Fiscal year: This is a period of 12 months that is not dependent on a calendar year, as long as the months are consecutive. It is designated by the year it ended. The FY is used by businesses to determine the state of their affairs, and would include consideration of annual salary increases, for example. - Gross income: This is the business’ entire income before any deductions, allowances, or exemptions are subtracted. - Gross margin: This is the percent of a company’s total sales revenue after deducting the cost of goods or services production. - Gross profit: This refers to how much the business is making from selling a product versus how much it costs to produce/supply it. - Leverage: This refers to the money you borrowed from creditors to run your business and is the amount of credit you can use to finance the assets in your business. For example, if your debt is higher than your equity, you will be considered a risky investment, or ‘highly leveraged’. - Liabilities: Anything a business owes in debt. See also Assets. - Net Cash Position = Income/Receipts – Expenses/Payments - Prime rate: The interest rate banks decide upon to establish lending rates. Small business loans are affected by this prime interest rate as it can increase or decrease existing loans with variable interest rates, as well as the interest rate of new fixed-rate loans. - Profit and Loss statement: A report on your business’ income, profits, and expenses in a certain period. See also Balance Sheet. - Refinancing: This means you are repaying an existing loan with a new one in order to obtain better interest rates or other improved terms. - Remuneration: Money a business has paid to an employee in the form of a salary, leave pay, allowances, bonuses, etc
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
November 10, 2010 Researchers Discover How Key Drug Kills Worms In Tropical Diseases In a major breakthrough that comes after decades of research and nearly half a billion treatments in humans, scientists have finally unlocked how a key anti-parasitic drug kills the worms brought on by the filarial diseases river blindness and elephantitis. Understanding how the drug ivermectin works has the potential to lead to new treatments for the diseases, in which the body is infected with parasitic worms, said Charles Mackenzie, a professor of veterinary pathology in the College of Veterinary Medicine and researcher on the project. The diseases afflict about 140 million people worldwide, doing much of their damage in equatorial Africa."Ivermectin is one of the most important veterinary and human anti-parasitic agents ever," Mackenzie said. "Knowing specifically how it interacts with the body's own immune system and kills parasitic worms opens up whole new treatment avenues." The research appears in the current edition of the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Elephantiasis (lymphatic filariasis) is caused by tiny worms spread via mosquitoes and results in severe swelling of the legs, arms and torso. River blindness (onchocerciasis) is spread by black flies, and after the worms die in a person's eye, they can cause blindness and debilitating skin disease. Ivermectin works by killing the first stage of the worm in the human body, and also appears to paralyze the reproductive tract of the adult female worms, stopping reproduction of new parasites. What the researchers discovered is that the drug does this by preventing the worm from secreting proteins through a pore in its mid-body; ivermectin binds to receptors at the pore and blocks the secretions. It is the secretions that normally block a person's ability to attack and kill the worm; after the drug prevents them, the host's own immune system is able to attack and kill the parasites. "Understanding how the worms were avoiding the host's immune responses will greatly enhance our ability to manipulate the immune system to the advantage of the host, and perhaps develop vaccines," Mackenzie said. "Also, one of the most important challenges in the overall effort against filarial infections relates to the development of resistance and the loss of efficacy of the drugs we use; this new knowledge provides an important key to understanding and perhaps preventing resistance." Ivermectin was developed by pharmaceutical firm Merck & Co. in the 1970s. It was donated in 1987 for use to treat river blindness, as existing drugs were in fact inducing blindness. Ivermectin was able to be used safely in mass drug administration programs in many developing countries, shifting the paradigm for how public health programs delivered medicines in rural areas. The drug then was used in other parasitic disease programs, such as the one for elephantiasis, treating more than 100 million people for that disease. Mackenzie has worked for more than 20 years on tropical filarial diseases, much of that time partnering with Tim Geary at McGill University in Montreal. Geary's lab was critical in the ivermectin findings, as was McGill graduate student Yovany Moreno. Geary and Mackenzie also recently were awarded $2 million from the Gates Foundation to study another anti-filarial drug, flubendazole. On the Net:
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Name: Takumi (tah-koo-mee) True Name: Tateria Venoria Alignment: Scrupulous (Good) M.D.C.: 452 (552 dragon form) Attributes: I.Q.: 15, M.E.: 24 (+5), M.A.: 17 (45%), P.S.: 20 (+5), P.P.: 21 (+3), P.E.: 16, P.B.: 17 [*24] (35% [*70%]), SPD: 16 *Favorite Humanoid Form [Physical Strength and Endurance are Supernatural] Weight: 800 lbs (362.9 kg) in dragon form Length: 15 feet (4.6 meters) in dragon form Age: 27 years Race: Chiang-Ku Sex: Female Disposition: Takumi is what one might consider to be a rarity. She is a Temporal Wizard yet most who meet her consider to be nice although it is due to her going though a very education with the Temporal Arts. She is not afraid to speak out but she is usually very quiet, allowing a few simple words to explain what she means. Those few words come out normally very thoughtfully and intelligence. As well, her eyes seem to glow with intelligence and there is a curiosity at odds with her quiet demeanor. While she is scholarly and studious, she is also very adventurous and loves to learn about things first hand not second hand. She has a strong code of what she considers to be right and wrong and will follow them with convictions. She is virtually fearless and is not scared of either monsters, likely because of what she is in reality, or heavily armored soldiers. If someone sees her tatoos and asks her about them (and they know about magical tatoos), she will claim that she adventured for a while with a True Atlantean who gave her the tatoos. O.C.C.: Temporal Wizard Experience Level: Fourth (4) Experience Points: 9,750 Combat Skill: Hand to Hand; Kendo Special Moves (Kendo): Has abilities of paired weapons and has +2 to parry with sword or staff. Also has abilities of Disarm (+1 bonus), breakfall, karate punch, kick attack, and elbow strikes. Attacks per Melee: Six (6) Bonuses, Combat: +4 to Strike, +5 to Parry, +4 to Dodge, +7 to Damage (Restrained Punch: 4D6+7 S.D.C., Normal Punch: 2D6 M.D.C., Power Punch: 4D6 M.D.C., Kick: 2D6 M.D.C.), +2 to roll with punch, fall, or impact, +2 to pull punch, +2 to initiative, Critical on Nat 20 On the first round she usually gets a +6 to Initiative, a +2 to Parry, and a +3 to dodge from Sixth Sense. Intuitive Combat gives bonuses of +3 on initiative, +1 to strike, +1 to parry, +4 to dodge, +4 pull punch, +2 to roll with punch, fall, or impact, and +2 to disarm. Bonus; Save: Lethal Poison [14] Immune, Non-Lethal Poison [16] Immune, Harmful Drugs [15] Immune, Insanity [12] +5, Psionics [12] +5 (+6), Magic [12/16] +3 (+4), Horror Factor [Varies] +9 (+11) Psionics: I.S.P.: 139 +1D6+1 per Level, Considered a Major Psionic, Powers: Physical: Alter Aura (2), Mind Block (4), Sensitive: Intuitive Combat (10), Object Reading (6), Read Dimensional Portal (6), Sixth Sense (2), Speed Reading (2), Telepathy (4), Total Recall (2) Racial Abilities: Impervious to poisons, toxins, drugs, and gasses, Night vision 90 feet, Fire and Cold Resistant (half damage), Bio-Regenerate 1D4x10 per five minutes, Metamorphosis (Including mist) - No Duration, +1 melee attack, +1 save vs magic, +2 save vs horror, Create Magic Tattoos / Elixir of Life Special O.C.C. Abilities: Increased P.P.E. Recovery (5 P.P.E. Rest/ 10 P.P.E. Meditation), +2 to save vs magic, +2 to Save vs horror, +2 to save vs mind control, +1 Spell Strength, Sense Rifts at 20 miles, Sense Time Holes, Ley Line Phasing (4 per hour / 7 per day) P.P.E.: 191 +2D6 P.P.E. Per level Spells: First: See the Invisible (2), Sense Magic (4), Second: Befuddle (3), Chameleon (6), Detect Concealment (6), Third: Armor of Ithan (10), Fourth: Carpet of Adhesion (10), Fools Gold (10), Fifth: Eyes of Thoth, Sixth: Impervious to Energy (20), Tongues (12), Teleport: Lesser (15), Seventh: [1] D-Phase (20), [1] D-Shift Phantom (20), [3] Spinning Blades (20), [3] Sub-Particle Acceleration (20), [1] T-Dep (20), Eighth: [1] Attune Object to Owner (30), [2] Ley Line Tendril Bolts (26), Negate Magic (30), [1] Retro-viewing (30), [1] See Dimensional Anomaly (30), [1] Wink Out (20), Ninth: [3] Desiccate the Supernatural (50), [1] Remote Viewing (45), [1] S-Dep (50), [1] Time Warp: Slow Motion (45), Tenth: [3] Armorbane (100), [1] Dimensional Pockets (20 /140), [1] Time Maelstrom (55), Eleventh: [3] Reopen Gateway (180), [2] Rift Teleportation (200/100), [1] Time Barrier (100), Twelfth: Amulet (290+), Thirteenth: Close Rift (200), Talisman (500), Fifteenth: Dimensional Portal (1000) [1] Temporal Spells from Rifts England, [2] Spells from Siege on Tolkeen, [3] Spells from Federation of Magic Source book Magical Tatoos: Each Tatoo gives 6 P.P.E. and 13 M.D.C. Magic Weapon: Wakizashi covered in Flames (10 PPE, 15 minutes per level, Damage: 2D6 M.D.C.), Power: Eye of Knowledge [Language] (15 PPE, 15 minutes per level, speak at 96% and literate at 82% in all languages), Eye of Mystic Knowledge [Magic] (20 PPE, 10 minutes per level, recognize magic circles, symbols, wards, and runes involved in magic, 74% skill in recognizing enchantments and possessions), Heart encircled by chains [Invulnerability] (40 PPE, 10 minutes per level, invulnerability to all but magic and pisonics, 75 M.D.C. force field per level) O.C.C. Skills: Technical: Languages: American (+20%) 85%, Languages: Dragonese 98%, Languages: Japanese (+20%) 85%, Literacy: American (+20%) 65%, Literacy: Dragonese 98%, Literacy: Japanese (+20%) 65% R.C.C. Skills: Domestic: Cook 50%, Dance 45%, Fishing 55%, Play Musical Instrument [Flute] 55%, Sewing 55%, Sing 50%, Espionage: Disguise 40%, Wilderness Survival 45%, Medical: Holistic Medicine (+5%) 40%, Physical: Hand to Hand: Kendo, Climbing (+10%) 72%, Pilot: Pilot Hover Craft 65%, Rogue: Streetwise 32%, Science: Mathematics: Basic (+10%) 70%, Technical: Art (+10%) 60%, Lore: Demon and Monster (+15%) 55%, Lore: Faerie (+15%) 55%, Lore: Magic (+15%) 55%, Understanding Principles of Magic 82%, W.P.; Ancient: Archery and Targeting (6 Attacks/+2 [+6] Strike / +1 [+6] Parry), Blunt (+1 [+5] Strike /+2 [+9 with staff] Parry), Sword (+2 [+5] Strike / +2 [+9] Parry), W.P.; Modern: Energy Pistol (+4 Aimed /+2 burst), Energy Rifle (+4 Aimed /+2 burst), Wilderness: Land Navigation 48% In human form, Takumi is a short (4 ft 8 in) Japanese woman and she looks like she weighs all of around 70 pounds. She is very beautiful (24) and she has fairly pale skin, has green eyes which show intense curiosity, and has hair so black that it has blue highlight. She has features that make her look like she is likely nobility and her posture seems to confirm this. She looks to be about 25 years old. She is dressed in a white, silver, and grey outfit of very fine quality. The clothing is a cross between traveling cloths and the robes of an Oriental Sorceress (Japanese term is Wu Jen). Her clothing hides all of her tatoos although does not prevent access to them. The only weapon she has visible is a blade (Katana) across her back. She speaks both quietly and has a sweet and very musical voice (not quite professional level though). Often when she is thinking, she will hum, sing, or play her flute. ven though her flute playing is not quite professional either, it is sweet sounding and is usually of oriental songs. Weapons, Normal: H-13 Ion Pulse Pistol (Weight: 5 lbs, Mega-Damage: 2D6 Single Shot / 6D6 for 3 Shots, Range: 800, Payload: 20 shots, It has a laser targeting system - Gives +3 to Strike). Wilk’s 457 Laser Pulse Rifle (Weight: 6 lbs, Mega-Damage: 3D6+2 Single Shot / 1D6x10 for 3 Shots, Range: 2000 ft, Payload: 30 Shots short E-Clip, 40 Shots long E-Clip Bonus: +1 on Aimed Shots) Samurai Long Bow (Weight 7 lbs, Damage: 2D6 + 5 Normal Arrow, Range: 800 ft, has 40 Arrows) Ammunition (Used by Multiple weapons): 6 Short E-Clips Weapons, Magical: Samurai Rune Katana (Modern): Weight is 3 lbs (1.4 kg). Damage: 6D6 S.D.C. + Strength Bonus to mortal foes, 6D6 M.D.C. [1D4x10] to creatures of magic or Supernatural beings. Has 600 M.D.C., impervious to all attacks except attacks of a god, rune sword, or living legend sword maker directed at the sword or a living sword maker braking it in their hands. The M.D.C. recharges at the rate of 10 M.D.C. per hour. Can be used to parry energy blasts at -5. Scrupulous alignment, IQ 12. Gives +1 on all saving throws. Armor of Note: None (Armor restricts her access to Tattoos) Magic Items: Cloak of Guises: It is a full length cloak that will turn into any set of clothing limited only in the color. In color, it can only change through different shades within the same color. Since this one is grey, it can turn anywhere from black to white. The color also includes silver. Magical Amulet: Simple silver necklace with several gems imbedded with each having a separate amulet spell enchanted into it. Spells were enchanted by Takumi Amulet of Charm: Gives a bonus of +1 to save against magic and psychic attacks Turn the Undead: The charm prevents the undead from physically touching them while they wear or touch the amulet. The amulet works much like a cross does against a vampire. Effective against all undead, including mummies, zombies, and vampires. Techno-Wizard “Armor of Ithan” Bracer: Silver Bracer which she wears on her left arm with a special flexible construction which allows her to transform while wearing the bracer. Uses 5 emeralds which stores a total of 100 P.P.E. which regenerates at the rate of 2 P.P.E. per hour normally, 10 P.P.E. per melee at a ley line. Costs 10 P.P.E. when activated and creates an 80 M.D.C. “Armor of Ithan” force field with a duration of 8 minutes. Magic, Fire, Lighting, and Cold inflict half damage. Can be activated by individuals who are not talented in magic. Techno-Wizard Power Weapon Scabbard: Specially made for her Katana. Anytime an M.D.C. inflicting melee weapon, its damage is increased by 25% as long as the scabbard has enough P.P.E. to activate the spell and S.D.C. weapons will have their damage converted into M.D.C., Her Katana inflicts 6D6 MD normally would be increased to 1D4x10 when drawn from the scabbard. See Federation of Magic, page 144 for details on the spell. The scabbard has 7 emeralds that each store 20 P.P.E. that allows the weapon to be activated 4 times. The P.P.E. cannot be used for other purposes. Duration: 16 melees, Cost of Activation: 35 P.P.E., draws P.P.E. from storage in crystals. Each crystal stores 20 P.P.E. for a total of 140 P.P.E. The Scabbard regenerates at the rate of 2 P.P.E. per hour normally, 10 P.P.E. per hour at a ley line, and 20 P.P.E. per hour at a nexus point. Utility Belt with Battle Harness with 6 Dimensional Pocket Cast on it: Will hold up to 90 lbs worth of items each pocket, It has a duration of 4 1/2 years (Cast by Herself) Other Equipment: Rice cakes, High Quality Silver Flute, Book of mythical beastiary, Book of first level spells, Book of second level spells. Valuables: 20,000 Credits, 20,000 Credits worth of Gold and Silver Takumi's History: Tateria is a relatively young dragon born only 27 years ago. She is one of a new generation of Chiang-Ku after most of her race was killed protecting the multi-verse that they know of. Chiang-Ku, unlike the other dragon races, do not lay eggs but are instead live births and generally only give birth to only one or two at a time. Because of this, the parents have a much stronger link with their children. Chiang-Ku are far more social creatures than the other dragon races and she had a childhood like most Chiang-Ku, treasured by her parents while trained in all that she need to know. As she grew up, she always had a fascination for temporal magic and when she grew old enough to be trained, she decided to learn temporal magic. Unlike humans, temporal magic is not generally taught by Temporal Raiders but is instead taught by older dragons better versed in the magic. This is held in common with the beings that the Chiang-Ku call 'Their Children", the True Atlanteans. This means that their Temporal Mages and Warriors are far less corrupt than they are in other races. Along with studying to become a mage, she also read much about the history of her race and their 'children' and as a result has learned much about why the Rifts occurred on Earth. She had some special interest in Japanese culture so she read books on them and asked the elder dragons who had been there but even granted that it had been hundreds if not thousands of years since many had been there the information was invaluable to understanding the culture. After she had passed her training, she asked to be sent to Japan to find out what is going on in that distant lands since the coming of the Rifts. Before then, she was warned about a group of assassins known as the Chiang-Ku. In her travels in Japan, she found a Tengu that was being attacked by a group of Shoganate soldiers. Tateria was able to rescue him and recovered from one of the escaping soldiers an H-13 Ion Pulse Pistol. In gratitude, the Tengu (Who was also an elder) had a Rune Katana constructed for her. Since then, she has adventured with a group of human adventures trying to bring a magic book to the Emperor of Japan. They succeeded and she has traveled through Japan though a series of other adventures. Once she felt that she was finished in Japan, she decide that she wanted to visit North America and Ley Line teleported to the continent far to the East of Japan. There she embarked on a whole new series of adventures and she ran afoul with the Coalition and managed to acquire both a set of Coalition body armor and energy rifle which she later traded for a Wilk’s 457 energy rifle. She also had problems with the Xiticix which she worked for a while for the city of Lazlo to deal with the creatures. She managed to acquire both her enchanted bracer of “Armor of Ithan” and the enchanted scabbard for her sword while working for the city of Lazlo. Image drawn and copyrighted by Anikakinka. More Anikakinka artwork at deviantART. Writeup by Kitsune (E-Mail Kitsune). Copyright © 2006 & 2007, Kitsune. All rights reserved.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Focus on Specials - Music In music class, River students have been exploring rhythm and melody through singing, movement, and instruments. We’ve learned a number of songs that use the pentatonic (5-note) scale that we can accompany with xylophones and rhythm instruments. Students have even been able to figure out how to play the melodies of simple tunes such as “Cobbler, Cobbler” and “Hey, Lolly” all by themselves! We’re challenging ourselves to sing songs while playing different patterns on our instruments or bodies, an important musical skill especially for our budding singer/songwriters. Movement games such as “Head and Shoulders, Baby,” “Jump Jim Joe,” and freeze dance develop rhythm and listening skills through high-energy fun! Finally, we’ve learned several songs that develop vocal skills while expressing our Friends School values, such as “Walk a Mile,” “This Little Light of Mine,” “What a Wonderful World,” “I Will Be Your Friend,” and more.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Risk Factors for Heart Disease Your Doctor Rarely Mentions Risk Factors for Heart Disease Your Doctor Rarely Mentions Part One: LVH We can all recite the common culprits for heart disease. Major risks include smoking, diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, strong family history, previous heart problems, inactivity, and getting older. But beware! Your doctor may not consider a few under-the-radar risk factors for heart disease that are an important part of thorough care. Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) is a thickening of the heart muscle. Unlike your biceps muscle, which is stronger and works better when larger, the heart becomes less efficient when its muscle gets too pumped up. Major causes for heart muscle thickening include: • High blood pressure – increases the force against which the heart must pump blood into the rest of the body • Diseases of the Aortic or Mitral heart valves • Blocked arteries that feed the heart (coronary artery disease) • Genetic tendency to heart thickening What’s more, heart damage is not limited to muscle thickening. The heart becomes scarred as well, leading to permanent damage and heart failure (fluid in the lungs). How do you detect thickening of heart muscle? An Electrocardiogram (EKG) can give clues to LVH but is not accurate enough. The most accurate, simple and safe test is an echocardiogram (ultrasound of heart). Your doctor should order a “left ventricular mass index” to get the best look at heart muscle thickness, not the standard “wall thickness.” A cardiac MRI can take even better pictures of the heart but is far less practical to perform. Some key points to understand about Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH): • LVH is itself a risk factor for heart disease • Heart muscle thickening can be reversed if treated early and with proper medications such as “ARB’s” or ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers • LVH and heart scarring is not just from high blood pressure: other factors like genetic tendencies, heart valve disease or clogged heart arteries contribute. • Doctors often do not actively address LVH as a heart disease risk factor. Patients must seek out full heart evaluation if they have high blood pressure, heart disease or other risk factors such as diabetes, high cholesterol or smoking. • LVH is reversible but can lead to permanent heart damage if left untreated
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Truss roof construction is a type of roof framing technique that uses a truss to support the roof of a house or building. A roof truss is structural framework of wood or metal bars specifically designed to support structures, such as a roof or bridge.Continue Reading The most common types of trusses are the pitched truss and the flat truss. The pitched truss has a triangular shape and is used for roofing support. The flat truss is used in floor building. Roof trusses are commonly used in house or building construction because they can span large distances; therefore, it is possible to have larger rooms. Roof trusses can also take different shapes. A roof truss can have a tetrahedron, rectangular or triangular shape.Learn more about Industries
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Most people over the age of 40 regularly see an optometrist. But while most see their optometrist for an eye exam, many don't realize just how much our eyes can tell someone about our health. In fact, your eyes may actually be one of the first parts of our body to show signs of high blood pressure – often before most people are even aware they have the condition. An estimated 1.3 billion people worldwide have hypertension – but only half of these people are aware of it or have been diagnosed. Many people may be unaware they have high blood pressure because it has few warning signs or symptoms. This is also why it's often called "the silent killer". High blood pressure isn't something that develops suddenly. It's often the result of many years of an unhealthy lifestyle with poor diet, lack of physical activity, smoking, and excess alcohol consumption. Family history of high blood pressure, alongside other conditions – such as diabetes and kidney disease – are also risk factors. If left untreated, high blood pressure can increase risk of heart disease (including heart attacks and heart failure), stroke, kidney disease, vascular dementia, as well as causing eye problems. This is why it's important to catch high blood pressure early – and regular eye exams could be one way to do this. There are several ways to find out if you have high blood pressure. You can get it checked by your doctor, at a pharmacy, or using a home testing kit. This is usually done with a stethoscope, arm cuff, or an automated arm cuff, which can be used at home. The NHS advises people get their blood pressure checked every five years – though this may be yearly if a person is at greater risk of having high blood pressure. But your optometrist may also be able to spot signs of high blood pressure – possibly even before your GP does. When viewing inside the eye with a slit-lamp (a specialized microscope used during an eye exam) or taking a retinal photograph, many different parts of the eyes can be seen – including the small blood vessels. These small blood vessels are very sensitive to changes in blood pressure and may become damaged as a result of high blood pressure – which may lead to blurry vision. High blood pressure may also cause a buildup of fluid beneath our retina, which may also affect the health of the eye. During an eye exam, an optometrist may be able to measure the diameter of blood vessels to determine if a person is likely to have high blood pressure. If the optometrist takes a retinal photograph, signs of high blood pressure will be seen in red areas of hemorrhaging in the eyes. The eye's circulation is very similar to the brain's circulation. This is because eyes developed from brain tissue, hence they're often referred to as "the window to the brain". This is also the reason why changes in the eye's blood vessels can be used as an early warning sign for what is likely to go on in the brain and elsewhere in the body. But because changes in the eye's blood vessels can also be due to other diseases affecting the eyes (such as diabetes), any changes that your optometrist spots would need to be confirmed by a GP or at-home blood pressure device. In order to diagnose someone with high blood pressure by looking at their eyes, optometrists will look for fluid build-up in the eye (which may lead to swelling), inflammation, and blood vessel dysfunction. They may also measure the diameter of blood vessels in the eyes to predict who is at higher risk of developing high blood pressure and cardiovascular disease. Your optometrist may also ask you questions about your health during an exam – including if you have high blood pressure – to better identify risk factors for certain eye conditions. Someday, AI could even be used during regular eye exams to better identify those at risk of having a heart attack. While a regular eye exam doesn't replace a regular health checkup with your doctor, it's often the first place that high blood pressure is picked up, as patients are often symptom-free. Optometrists may also be able to catch signs of other diseases too – such as diabetes – which can also cause damage to the eyes.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Changes in PM2.5 Peat Combustion Source Profiles with Atmospheric Aging in an Oxidation Flow Reactor Abstract. Smoke from laboratory chamber burning of peat fuels from Russia, Siberia, U.S.A. (Alaska and Florida), and Malaysia representing boreal, temperate, subtropical, and tropical regions was sampled before and after passing through a potential aerosol mass-oxidation flow reactor (PAM-OFR) to simulate ∼2- and 7-day atmospheric aging. Species abundances in PM2.5 between aged and fresh profiles varied by >5 orders of magnitude with two distinguishable clusters: around 0.1 % for reactive and ionic species and mostly >10 % for carbon. Organic carbon (OC) accounted for 58–85 % of PM2.5 mass in fresh profiles with low EC abundance (0.67–4.4 %). After a 7-day aging time, degradation was 20–33 % for OC, with apparent reductions (4–12 %) in low temperature OC1 and OC2 (thermally evolved at 140 and 280 °C), implying evaporation of higher vapor pressure semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Additional losses of OC from 2- to 7-days aging is somewhat offset by the formation of oxygenated organic compounds, as evidenced by the 12–19 % increase in organic mass (OM) to OC ratios. However, the reduction of OM abundances in PM2.5 by 3–18 % after 7 days, reconfirms that volatilization is the main loss mechanism of SVOCs. Although the ammonia (NH3) to PM2.5 ratio rapidly diminished with a 2-day aging time, it represents an intermediate profile – not sufficient for completed OC evaporation, levoglucosan degradation, organic acid oxidation, or secondary inorganic aerosol formation. Week-long aging resulted in an increase to ∼7–8 % of NH4+ and NO3− abundances, but with enhanced degradation of NH3, low temperature OC, and levoglucosan for Siberia, Alaska, and Everglasdes (FL) peats. Elevated levoglucosan was found for Russian peats, accounting for 35–39 % and 20–25 % of PM2.5 mass for fresh and aged profiles, respectively. Abundances of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in PM2.5 was >2-fold higher in fresh Russian (37.0 ± 2.7 %) than Malaysian (14.6 ± 0.9 %) peats. While Russian peat OC emissions are largely water-soluble, Malaysian peat emissions are mostly water-insoluble, with WSOC/OC ratios of 0.59–0.71 and 0.18–0.40, respectively. Source profiles can change with aging during transport from source to receptor. This study shows significant differences between fresh and aged peat combustion profiles among the four biomes that can be used to establish speciated emission inventories for atmospheric modeling and receptor model source apportionment. A sufficient aging time (∼one week) is needed to allow gas-to-particle partitioning of semi-volatilized species, gas-phase oxidation, and particle volatilization to achieve representative source profiles for regional-scale source apportionment. J. C. Chow et al.: Peat combustion source profiles These patterns, termed "source profiles," have been measured in diluted exhaust emissions and resuspended mineral dusts for a variety of representative emitters. Many of these source profiles are compiled in country-specific source profile data bases (Cao, 2018;CARB, 2019;Liu et al., 2017;Mo et al., 2016;Pernigotti et al., 2016; and have been widely used for source apportionment and speciated emission inventories. Chemical profiles measured at the source have been sufficient to identify and quantify nearby, and reasonably fresh, source contributions. These source types include gasolineand diesel-engine exhaust, biomass burning, cooking, industrial processes, and fugitive dust. Ambient VOC and PM concentrations have been reduced as a result of control measures applied to these sources, and additional reductions have been implemented for toxic materials such as lead, nickel, vanadium, arsenic, diesel particulate matter, and several organic compounds. As these fresh emission contributions in neighborhood-and urban-scale environments (Chow et al., 2002) decrease, regional-scale contributions that may have aged for intermediate (∼ 2 d) or long (∼ 7 d) periods prior to arrival at a receptor gain in importance. These profiles experience augmentation and depletion of chemical abundances owing to photochemical reactions among their gases and particles, as well as interactions upon mixing with other source emissions. Peatland fires produce long-lasting thick smoke that leads to adverse atmospheric, climate, ecological, and health impacts. Smoke from Indonesian and Malaysian peatlands is a major concern in the countries of southeastern Asia (Wiggins et al., 2018) and elsewhere; it is transported over long distances. Aged peat smoke profiles are likely to differ from fresh emissions, as well as among the different types of peat in other parts of the world. Ground-based, aircraft, shipboard, and laboratory peat combustion experiments have been carried out to better represent global peat fire emissions and estimate their environmental impacts (e.g., Akagi et al., 2011;Iinuma et al., 2007;Nara et al., 2017;Stockwell et al., 2014Stockwell et al., , 2016. Most peat fire studies report emission factors (EFs) for pyrogenic gases (e.g., methane, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide) and fine particle (PM 2.5 , particles with aerodynamic diameter 3σ . The percent distribution of R/U ratios is used to understand how many of the chemical species differ by multiples of the uncertainty of the difference. These measures are also used in the effective variance chemical mass balance (EV-CMB) receptor model solution that uses the variance (r 2 ) and the R/U ratio to quantify agreement between measured receptor concen-trations and those produced by the source profiles and source contribution estimates (Watson, 2004). Results and discussion 3.1 Similarities and differences among peat profiles The equivalence measures are used to provide guidance in compositing and comparing the 40 sets of fresh vs. aged profiles. The first comparison is made between two Florida samples from locations separated by ∼ 485 km (i.e., Putnam County lake bed, FL1; and Everglades National Park, FL2), representing different geological areas and land uses. Panel A of Table S4 shows that the two profiles yield high correlations (r > 0.994), but are statistically different (P 0.5. Notice that statistical differences are found between the two fresh Florida profiles (i.e., FL1 Fresh 2 vs. FL2 Fresh 2 and FL1 Fresh 7 vs. FL2 Fresh 7 in Panel A) with few ( 0.94). This is consistent with Watson et al (2019) where atmospheric aging (7 d) reduced organic carbon EFs (i.e., EF OC ) by ∼ 20 %-33 % for all but Putnam (FL1) peats (EF OC remained within ±0.5 %). As OC is a major component of PM 2.5 , no apparent changes in OC and carbon fraction abundances may dictate the lack of statistical differences between the fresh and aged profiles. Paired comparisons for 2 d aging (Panel B of Table 2) show no statistical differences between the Fresh 2 vs. Aged 2 Putnam (FL1) and Malaysian profiles (P > 0.30 and 0.95), which may be due to the low number of samples (n = 2) in the comparison; this results in no statistical differences for combined Putnam (FL1) and Malaysian peat comparison (P > 0.62). Similar to the findings of combining both fresh 0.00 ± 0.0000041 0.00 ± 0.0000036 0.00 ± 0.0000038 0.00 ± 0.0000022 0.00 ± 0.0000025 0.00 ± 0.0000028 0.00 ± 0.0000030 0.00 ± 0.0000024 Table 1. Only one sample was analyzed for elements by X-ray fluorescence with abundance and measurement uncertainty. c Peat ID code, detailed operation parameters are reported in Watson et al. (2019). d Data not available; water-soluble K + data were contaminated for aged samples due to the use of potassium iodide denuder downstream of the oxidation flow reactor. e WSOC measures from peat sample ID PEAT028 were invalidated due to a crack in the test tube. Therefore, only two measurements are used to calculate the average and standard deviation. f Data not available due to the invalidated citric-acid-impregnated filter sample. g The carbon analysis follows the IMPROVE_A thermal-optical reflectance protocol that is applied in long-term US non-urban IMPROVE and urban Chemical Speciation Network. Organic carbon (OC) is the sum of OC1 + OC2 + OC3 + OC4 plus pyrolyzed carbon (OP). Elemental carbon (EC) is the sum of EC1 + EC2 + EC3 minus OP. Total carbon is the sum of OC and EC. Since a large fraction of OP (7 %-13 %) is found in smoldering peat combustion emissions -indicative of higher-molecular-weight compounds that are likely to char -the resulting EC fractions are lower than the individual EC fraction after OP correction. a For the t test, a cutoff probability level of 5 % is selected; if P 0.8 suggests similar profiles, 0.5 93 reported chemical abundances differ by more than an expected number of uncertainty intervals. The normal probability density function of 68 %, 95.5 %, and 99.7 % for ±1σ , ±2σ , and ±3σ , respectively, is used to evaluate the R/U ratios. The two profiles are considered to be similar, within the uncertainties of the chemical abundances when 80 % of the R/U ratios are within ±3σ , with r > 0.8 and P > 0.05. Species with R/U ratios > 3σ are further examined as these may be markers that further allow source contributions to be distinguished by receptor measurements. They may also reflect the sampling and analysis artifacts that are not representative of the larger population of source profiles. b Unless otherwise noted, boreal represents Russia and Siberia regions, temperate represents the northern Alaska region, subtropical is divided into Subtropical 1 for Putnam (FL1) and Subtropical 2 for Everglades (FL2) peats, and tropical represents the island of Borneo, Malaysia, region. c n1 and n2 denote number of samples in comparison. d Student's t test P values. Florida profiles (i.e., all Fresh2 vs. all Fresh 7 in Table S4), the two fresh Alaskan profiles (Fresh 2 vs. Fresh 7 in Panel D of Table 2) do not show statistical differences (P > 0.12). Compositing profiles by averaging each of the measured abundances may disguise some useful information. For receptor model source apportionment, region-specific profiles are most accurate for estimating source contributions. Student's t tests for the gravimetric PM 2.5 mass concentrations (μg m −3 ) measured upstream and downstream of the OFR (Table S5) show statistically significant differences (P 2 orders of magnitude) in levoglucosan for boreal and temperate peats. Levoglucosan abundances account for 35 %-39 % and 20 %-25 % of PM 2.5 mass for fresh and aged Russian profiles, respectively. On a carbon basis, Table 3 shows that levoglucosan carbon (with an OM / OC ratio of 2.25) accounts for 42 %-48 % and 30 %-35 % of WSOC and 27 %-28 % and 21 %-24 % of OC for fresh and aged Russian profiles, respectively. These levels are less than the 96 ± 3.8 % levoglucosan or ∼ 42.7 % of levoglucosan carbon in OC reported for German and Indonesian peats (Iinuma et al., 2007). Elevated levoglucosan is also found for Siberian and Alaskan peats, ranging from 4 % to 18 % in PM 2.5 . However, the levoglucosan abundances are low (1 %-4 %) for the subtropical and tropical peats. An aging time of 7 d resulted in an additional 1 %-4 % levoglucosan degradation relative to 2 d aging with the exception of an additional 9 % reduction for Russian peat. The extent of levoglucosan degradation depends on organic aerosol composition, OH exposure in the OFR, and vapor wall losses (Bertrand et al., 2018a, b;Pratap et al., 2019). Figure 4 shows the presence of levoglucosan carbon for the Russian and Alaskan peats after 2 and 7 d aging, at the levels of 8 %-11 % and 2 %-9 %, respectively, in line with a chemical lifetime longer than 2 d. This is consistent with the estimated 1.2-3.9 d of levoglucosan lifetimes under different environments reported by Lai et al. (2014). However, other studies (Hennigan et al., 2010;May et al., 2012;Pratap et al., 2019) found that levoglucosan experiences rapid gas-phase oxidation, resulting in ∼ 1-2 d lifetimes at ambient temperatures. While the presence of levoglucosan in peat smoke is apparent, its isomer galactosan was not detectable. Mannosan is detectable in cold climate peats with 1 %-5 % of PM 2.5 for the Russian and Alaskan peats and up to 1.3 % for Siberian peat. Apparent degradations from 3.9 % to 2.5 % and from 5.0 % to 2.1 % in mannosan abundances are found for Russian peat (Table 1) after 2 and 7 d, respectively. A 2-to 3fold reduction in mannosan is also evident after 7 d aging for the Siberian and Alaskan peats. Similar observations apply to glycerol in Russian peat, ranging from 1.9 % to 3.5 % and 1.3 % to 1.7 % of PM 2.5 for fresh and aged profiles, respectively. Other detectable carbohydrates are galactose and mannitol, typically present at 0.997), and over 93 % of species abundance falls within ±3σ . While OC abundances in PM 2.5 are comparable for the fresh and aged profiles (70 %-72 %) for 25 % fuel moisture, a reduction of 18 % OC in PM 2.5 is found for 60 % fuel moisture (from 82 % to 64 %) after aging (Table S2). The higher fuel moisture content also reduced WSOC by 6 % and levoglucosan by 1.3 % with < 1 % increases for NH + 4 and organic acids. After aging, the NH 3 -to-PM 2.5 ratios decreased from 28 % to 5 % and from 20 % to 8 % for the 25 % and 60 % fuel moisture, respectively. These results are not conclusive as most measurements are associated with high variabilities.
|
allenai/peS2o
|
default
| 0.02
|
Egg forms an inseparable part of the human food and considered a quality nutritious feast having all the ingredients for growth, development and sustenance. It is regarded as to be a square meal and meets the requirements of all the age groups. In the Valley too, the consumption of eggs is considered to be an essentiality and every household uses an egg for the purpose of which the hen’s egg is most trendy one. The utilization is upbeat and has touched 50 crore eggs per annum, a fraction of which comes from the backyard. The quality and the nutritive value of the egg depend upon the quality of the feed available to the birds and the type of rearing. In deep litter system or in cage system, the hens are huddled together for accommodating more number of birds in a lesser space which keeps them under steady stress. The hassle makes the birds susceptible to various infections and in order to keep it under check, various kinds of antibiotics are being constantly fed to the birds through feed known as AGPs (Antibiotic Growth Promoters) and also in water, both as preventive and as restorative regime. Such antibiotics find their way into the poultry products, in this case, the egg, as residues; which have far reaching consequences as they result in development of resistance and ineffectiveness of the antibiotics in treatment of human infections. Since the major chunk of eggs is being imported from outside Valley, it is loaded with shortcomings of immense ramifications and the one on the top being the freshness of the product. The quality of an egg depends upon the temperature at which it is stored after being laid and the circumstances under which it is transported. The places from where the major chunk of eggs comes are having a temperature of plus 440 C which is enough for turning any of the perishable items stale; the egg being on top of the list. Packaging of eggs is being undertaken at the farm and under the existing circumstances is transported to the regular godowns and stored till lifted for the intended destination. The supplies to the Valley are loaded in ordinary trucks having no climate control facilities and after traversing a distance of 800 to 1000 kilometers and taking not less than 4 to 5 days reach the stores of intended distributors. The road being tortuous and long and the vagaries of weather being extreme on the way, the originality of the fragile product is impossible to retain. These distributors further deal out these eggs to the traders in towns and cities which then subsequently sell it out to the retailers for ultimate sale to the consumers. The estimated time from the point of lay to the point of consumption is not less than a month in all the possibilities, the shelf life of an unrefrigerated egg is 7 to 10 days, though. The Valley is hit by such a white tsunami all the year around and in the absence of not having any alternative, the people are compelled to consume such eggs. According to FDA, the stale eggs are a source of Salmonella which can cause food poisoning. Salmonella can build up over time, which means that the older your eggs are, the more Salmonella bacteria they might contain. As eggs age, they grow different kinds of bacteria called Pseudomonas which can make one sick to the stomach. Of late, there has been news making rounds about fake eggs in the market and if available in the Country, the Valley would be no exception. To be on the safer side, the people are informed to be cautious and check for the following things while handling eggs: 1. The shell of the fake eggs is shinier than real one. 2. Fake eggs will be rougher than real ones. 3. Shake the egg before breaking it. If you hear some noise inside the shell (water overflowing), then it is a fake one. 4. Tap the egg lightly enough not to break it. The sound will be crispy if the egg is real. 5. If the egg is fake, the egg yolk and the white will mix together as soon you break it and pour on the pan as both are made of the same substance. 6. Real eggs have a raw smell while fake eggs are odorless. 7. Put the shell in fire. If the egg is fake, the shell will catch fire or start melting with a plastic-like odor coming out of it. In the Valley, such limitations shall get surmounted by rearing the hens in orchards, grasslands and open spaces and allowing indoors only during night time and inclement weather and creating an entrepreneurial activity out of the equation and provide employment opportunities to thousands of youth. The hens in the open exhibit their natural behavior like fluttering of wings, scratching of floor, sun bathing, dust bathing, eating greens and scuffing for insects, shells, grit, etc. The brushing of feathers is another activity which keeps the birds involved in their natural demeanor. Highly nutritious eggs free of drug residues and stress factors can be harvested from such hens. The bustle is a symbiotic one as the hens meet their nutritional requirements in the ranch and subsequently make the soil fertile through their droppings besides keeping the bugs and pests under check. Research has shown that the eggs so obtained contain 40 times more Vitamin A, 3 times more Vitamin E, 2 times more omega-3 fatty acids, 7 times more beta carotene, 1/3 times less cholesterol and 1⁄4 times less saturated fat. The breed of birds (Rhode Island Red and Leghorn), which are prolific layers, are basically natives of America and the breeders in India are trying hard to get these birds acclimatized under the prevailing harsh climatic conditions. However such breeds would obviously find it easier to adapt to the similar surroundings which our Valley has in abundance. The Valley having competitive advantage of possessing the flattering geo-climatic characteristics for such an endeavor and if promoted could be a game-changer in not only providing self-sufficiency but also as a harbinger for export and mitigating the employment tribulations as well. The whole connotation makes the balance tilt towards the fresh eggs. (The author is a practicing Veterinarian of AH Department. firstname.lastname@example.org ) published in Greater Kashmir http://www.greaterkashmir.com/news/opinion/fresh-eggs-a-viable-solution-for-healthiness/251515.html
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Media and public sphere The Internet is a place where people gather information, discuss issues of common concern, and coordinate political activities. At the same time, the Internet is a part of a larger communicative environment, which is connected to other parts of the public sphere as well as other parts of the uk/todd-gitlin-summary-on-media/">media industry. In other words, the Internet is a complex, multidimensional space, where a lot of different things are happening. Given this fact, what are the criteria we would need in order to decide whether the Internet is good or bad for democracy (and the public sphere)? Based on those criteria, what is your verdict for the Internet: good for democracy or bad for democracy? Internet is a major source of the information overflow in the society today. It is undeniable that it is through this particular advancement in the technology of conversation and communication that the different areas around the globe are becoming easily connected through the World Wide Web. The said nature of opened communication that society is particularly involves with in present naturally makes it easier for simply anybody to share their idealisms about several social issues through the internet. These issues include political as well as social issue-based topics that naturally raise questions in the society today. Having the capability to express ones views on certain issues and have the chance to be heard by others around the world who are naturally interested in the same issues is such a huge privilege for people of the present generation. It is undeniable though that with this particular freedom of expression, many among the population of the human society today recognize that speech could be abused as long as it tells the truth. However, the measure of truth is differently presented depending on the views of the people involved in the issue. Usually, the truth is measured by individuals through identifying how the situation that they are into actually relates to them. In this regard, the basis of the freedom that people particularly enjoy in using the different assets brought to them by the internet developments could be noted to have an impact on the social behavior of the entire human society with regards freedom and democracy. The demarcation line of what should be considered as limits of the process may not be that easy to identify anymore. This is particularly the reason why so many fraudulent informations are flooding the territories of the Internet today. It is indeed undeniable though that although these informations are known to be fraudulent, there are those who cannot differentiate the substance of the issues presented through blogging and web postings on whether they are actually true or simply a misconception or opinionated views of several individuals wanting to affect the others with their idealisms in life or on certain topics of interest as they are. Considering Jay Rosen’s comment on the issue, it could be observed that he pointed out an important fact in his article. He noted that democracy through internet measures may not be called democratic freedom as it is. At times, the situation goes out of hand and freedom becomes an unnerving result of abuse of speech. Given your research topic, how are the discussions/ conversations/ commentaries different in the Internet than they are in some other media format? What kind of data would you need to determine whether these Internet conversations are connected to the public sphere in a way that improves (or damages) democracy? Internet issue presentations are usually opinionated rather than based on factual evidences. This is because of the fact that there are numerous writers, both amateur and professional who are able to present their ides through the net. Most often than not, it is the ability of the people to concentrate on actually showing the people what position they particularly take in certain issues concerning the society that drives their motives of writing. Obviously, this process of presenting values of the events is a biased procedure of engaging with the different causes of the emerging issues on the increase of fraudulent information in the internet. In terms of being authenticated, it is naturally obvious that internet based informations may not be easily noted to be reliable at all. This is because of the fact that the sources are not merely that easy to identify to say that they are indeed of high reputation to gain the trust of the reading public. Most of the time though, readers of the net have a hard time recognizing this particular fact in the systems of internet information sharing. Hence, they fall for the snare of believing even fraudulently presented issues through the assistance of the Internet’s worldwide connection. To identify the validity of the informations, it is important for one to become balanced in viewing the bulk of informations shared through the Internet especially of the issues are based upon political topics. The idea herein is to actually assist the readers of the net in segregating the informations that they particularly meet with through the World Wide Web. How could this be done? Conscientiously integrating the presentations on the web with that of the other media systems considering the topic could be a great help. It really makes it easier for one to have a better overview of an issue if the system is much more likely based on two different points of view. Balancing the informations received would then be more efficient as the issues are to be measured as to how they were particularly shown through the different mediums of media presentation. Kerbel and Bloom’s study particularly points out that the increase of blogs and other internet based information posting never stops annually. The reason behind this increase perhaps is the fact that the people involved in these information posting also gain the confidence in presenting more and more opinionated informations which they would like to other internet surfers around the world. Words are powerful. With the use of information exchange, there had been numerous changes happening in the world. The idea is that the more words become influential, the greater strength it begins to acquire upon the ability of the human mind to segregate the information that it receives. Most of the time, the said informations are either factual or not. However it may seem, it should occur that the factuality of the informations should always be checked for the validity of the informations presented on the part of the readers. In the second question, based on research topic, after 9/11 world wide uprising tension; So now how media represents religion on the public sphere? are they use people sentiment? Because of the current events occurring around the world, like that of the situation that happened in 9/11, gaining the sentiments of the people to be able to come up with measurable strategies of fighting the supposed “wrong deeds” of those who initiated the bombings has been the main idealism of the different blogs from both the American government and other social institutions during those specific times of turmoil. Constantly seeing the vulnerability of the society to the situation has actually been the key reason why the opportunists saw the time as a basis of the basic approach that they are going to use to get the attention of the readers so as to persuade them in agreeing to the fight against the terror movements of the other side of the supposed “war”. From this particular discussion, it could be observed that Internet has been considered as super highway of information during the 21st century. Overall, the evaluation of the informations presented through this particular route of informative issues shows that it has naturally given way to the major stratifying procedures of feeling the sense of freedom of speech even among ordinary people surfing the net. Several articles from professional writers attest to this particular fact as they are aware that there are those who simply would like to write while there are those who right for a reason. This is why it is very important for one to be aware and enthusiastic about what he reads from the net. Cass R. Sunstein. (2007). Is the Internet really a blessing for democracy?. http://bostonreview.net/BR26.3/sunstein.html. (October 22, 2007) Jay Rosen. (2007). In Democratic Time. http://bostonreview.net/BR26.3/rosen.html. (October 22, 2007). Matthew R. Kerbel and Joel David Bloom. (2007). Blog for America and Civic Involvement. The Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Pineapple and Yogurt Ice Smoothie Recipe In-a-jar recipes, Tips, DIY & Recipes Pineapple and Yogurt Ice Smoothie Recipe Cooling, delicious yogurt ice comes in several flavours, including vanilla, orange and lemon, and is the perfect, lighter summer alternative to traditional ice cream. Use a really sweet, juicy pineapple and fresh, pungent basil to add plenty of vibrant colour and exotic flavour. 25g / 1oz fresh basil, plus extra sprigs to decorate 1 pineapple 4 large scoops vanilla, lemon- or orange- flavoured yogurt ice Icing (confectioners’) sugar, for dusting 1. Remove the basil leaves from the stems and tear them into small pieces. 2. Cut away the skin from the pineapple, then halve the fruit and remove the core. 3. Chop the flesh into chunks. Push the pineapple through a juicer with the basil. Chill until ready to serve. 4. Pour the juice into 2 glasses and add two scoops of yogurt ice to each. 5. Decorate with basil sprigs and dust lightly with icing sugar. Nutritional information per portion: Energy 353 kcal / 1488 kj Protein 5.7g Carbohydrate 58.5g Sugars 57.3g Fat 12.3g saturates 7.2g Cholesterol 11mg Calcium 162mg Fibre 3.6g Sodium 99mg Leave a Reply
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
City Provisions a locavore's dream December 1, 2010 There are a few differences between Chicago's Downtown Farmstand, in the Loop, and Cleetus Friedman's City Provisions Deli in Ravenswood. Both locations carry an abundance of local and regional artisanal products. Seedling Orchard cider, Rare Bird preserves and Nichols' Farm produce all play starring roles. But the best part of the Provisions experience is that you can actually grab something, sit down and eat it right there. City Provisions has been doing catering and organizing farm dinners the past few years, but their new store is a local foodie fantasy. That little salad sampler you see above features a number of sustainable products, like the American Tuna brand (dressed simply with a bit of lemon juice and homemade mayo), and the small-yet-flavorful laughing bird shrimp, used in a salad more reminiscent of Friedman's Baltimore roots than his Chicago residence. The roasted root vegetables in the middle are all local, of course, but even the egg salad has an assertive twist: a bit of sriracha chili sauce. Next to a massive coffee bar (carrying Crop to Cup and Dark Matter beans), there is an extensive deli counter, where every pastrami, turkey, sausage and roast beef is made in-house. The only thing they don't do is cure their own meat (paging Jared Van Camp at Old Town Social...) The special yesterday was a seriously delicious duck confit on a crusty baguette, served with a vinegary pickle and homemade chips: There are lots of big-name suppliers here, each with a focus on sustainability or, at the very least, all-natural products with zero additives (hello Frontera, Zingerman's and Eat Green Foods). But back to those sandwiches for a second. As good as the homemade pastrami (from Wisconsin's suddenly ubiquitous Dietzler Farms Beef) was, I would have loved to have seen it heated up a bit, to loosen up that fat, but that's a minor quibble: Dessert options are few, but well-chosen: a white-chocolate-and-potato-chip cookie, a decadent slice of carrot cake and some milk chocolate muffins. Cleetus showed me a coffee cake and a bourbon chocolate cake he's been working on, but I thought the texture of both was a bit too dense and gummy. Next time, I'll hit the compact freezer case, and choose a creative ice cream from local stars such as Snookelfritz, Ruth & Phil's or Nice Cream. But knowing me, I'll probably just sit down at the big wooden table up front and start polishing it off before I even get to my car.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
The interest rate, which is determined by the Federal Reserve Bank (FED), is one of the most respected interest rate in the world. Justified by the overall influence of the economy of the United States, which Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is about 15% of the world wide GDP. But since several years, it is declining (2005 over 21%) and now is China leading with a portion of approximately 17% and still climbing. Did you know which country stands at number 3? If you expect Japan (4.2%) , Germany (3.4%) or Russia (3.1%), you are wrong. Number three is India with a share of 7%. Interesting, isn ́t it? Federal reserve historical interest rates The image contains also the official recessions in the United States. As you can see in every recession the FED lowered the interest rate. Before the eighties the FED raise the interest rate outside the recession. After the interest peak in 1981 the long term trend is falling. After the recession in the nineties and the following boom the behave a little different than all the time before. Instead constantly rising interest rates they stopped it and the interest rates stall at about 5%. May be you remember: Alan Greenspan was from 1987 until January 2006 chief of the FED. In 2000 burst the Dotcom bubble and as in every recession the FED reduced the interest rates. In the following year the economy recovered and the FED increased steadily the interest rates until the financial crises occurred with the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the takeover of StearBeans, the problems with AIG, Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. This crisis spread all over the world and many countries are still suffering. Federal reserve historical real interest rates If you look at the interest rates, you want to know the “real” interest rates, i.e. what is the interest rate after inflation. A measure of inflation is the Consumer Price Index (CPI). To learn a little more about this concept and the problems, take a look at my article: “Inflation rates last 10 years“. The black line is the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items, Index 1982-1984=100, Seasonally Adjusted with the percent change from a year ago. The green line is the Effective Federal Funds Rate minus the above mentioned CPI. Interesting to see, that in the seventies in combination with the strong rise of the oil price, although the interest rates were high, the real interest rate was negative. Even in the beginning eighties, when we saw the highest Federal Funds Rate ever, the real interest rate was negative. Today, nearly seven years without an official recession, the Federal Funds Rate is still near zero and the real interest rate is since the financial crisis negative. Why is reducing the FED the interest rates in a recession? The economic theory says, that the interest rate is connected to the growth of a country. Low interest rates mean, that companies will borrow money, invest in machines, software and / or products and offer these additional products to customers. In a boom the FED starts to increase the interest rate and the companies calculate their investing with the higher interest rate. Some of them decide, that borrowing money is too expansive and that the investment will not bring additional money. Therefore they stop producing additional products and the boom ends. The task of the FED is to reach and maintain an equilibrium. Obviously this is in real life a complex task and it works approximately, depending on the point of view. The FED: Private or Public? Some people argue, that the Federal Reserve Bank is despite the name “Federal” a private institution. Because of this, they have a private agenda and don ́t act in the best manner for the American people. The twelve Federal Reserve Banks are stock companies. The owner are the local banks, but they have different rights than normal stock owners. They can not give or sell the shares to other people or companies. The board is not elected by the owners, instead they are nominated by the government. The shareholder gets dividendpayments, but in relation to normal companies, it is peanuts. For example, in 2011 the owner got $1.6 billion but the government got $78 billion. The FED calls himself as an “independent entity within the government”. The Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis says very shortly: “The answer is both”. Despite the low interest rate and the fact that the real interest rate is not negative at the moment, I ́m not happy with the situation. In the next recession, which will come, the FED lowers the interest rate again. But the outcome of the real economy is low and they have to lower it below zero. This leads to an unknown land. Does it make me happier or does it lead to new problems? I will discuss this topic in another article. Stay tuned. As you can see over the years we had worse real interest rates than today. But you have to take care with your capital and invest it wisely. Trading could be one possibility. I hope, you gained some information. I’m more than happy to answer your questions.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Game Đế Chế hay Game Age of Empires/AOE là tự game chiến thuật cổ điển nhất trên thế giới. Và cũng tương tự như các game chiến thuật khác, người mới bắt đầu chơi Đế chế cũng khá khó khăn. Với bất cứ game nào thì cũng cần bỏ thời gian tìm tòi và luyện tập. Vì Author: Tchiase. Page 3 of the full game walkthrough for Age of Empires: Definitive Edition (Win 10). This guide will show you how to earn all of the achievements. Age of Empires: Definitive Edition (Win 10) Walkthrough Please note that the details below reflect the time and playthroughs required to get all the Achievements in this walkthrough. Huong dan age of empires 1 walkthrough13 Tháng Mười Der Langrisser được xem là một phần mở rộng của Langrisser II. Langrisser II: Hướng dẫn trả lời câu hỏi để chọn tướng khi bắt đầu game. Ở đây có một .. She plays a vital role in the Light path, whereas your group tries to stop he Empire from getting her. She is . But don't mistake his age for abilities. How to Port Forward Age of Empires II. Port Forward Two Xboxes · Setup a Static IP Address · Game Walkthroughs Age of Empires II is a Real-Time and Strategy game published by Microsoft If you want to follow guides that are custom tailored to your exact router and Age of Empires II simply follow one of these links. The campaign mode in the Age of Empires series is a game mode based on a series of scenarios centered on historical or mythical events, featuring cinematic . Empire Earth tương tự như loạt game Age of Empires ở chỗ cùng là game chiến Chỉ khác dôi chút là Empire Earth sử dụng đồ họa 3D thay vì 2D như Age of Empires II, một game có thể so sánh vào thời điểm đó. . Chiến dịch đầu tiên trong Empire Earth là chiến dịch hướng dẫn. .. “Empire Earth Official Strategy Guide”. Age of Empires II: HD Edition - In Age of Empires II: HD Edition, fans of the original Duyệt qua và đánh giá các bản hướng dẫn do người chơi tạo cho trò chơi này. A guide I've put together to help you find the right resources to learn about. During Act I, the player assumes command of the Knights of St. John, Falcon" of the Ottoman Empire (in a telling of the Great Siege of Malta). find some navigation charts which guide them safely to New Spain. For Age of Empires on the PC, GameFAQs has 39 cheat codes and secrets. Your Ballistas and Helepolis have a 99+1 range, ICBM. Your catapults and stone . See This Video: Huong dan age of empires 1 walkthrough See More gta vice city boss
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
|
vie_Latn
| 0.0775
|
9 crucial safety tips for motorcycle season - WSLS 10 NBC in Roanoke/Lynchburg Va 9 crucial safety tips for motorcycle season Due to its small size, a motorcycle may seem to be farther away than it actually is, making it difficult to judge its speed. (©iStockphoto.com/Ljupco Smokovski) Due to its small size, a motorcycle may seem to be farther away than it actually is, making it difficult to judge its speed. (©iStockphoto.com/Ljupco Smokovski) By Luigi Fraschini When the weather warms up, motorcycles come out of garages all over the northern half of the country, and riders hit the road. For riders, that first ride of the season is often a memorable one, opening a new summer season of riding adventure. But danger lurks within every other vehicle on the road: More than half of all motorcycle crashes involve a collision with another vehicle, and the driver of that other vehicle is most often at fault. The Motorcycle Safety Foundation urges all drivers to give riders some space and to not be "that guy" who hits a motorcyclist. Killing or injuring a motorcycle rider is something you'd have to live with for the rest of your life, and nobody needs that guilt. Here, from the foundation, are some hints that you, the driver of a car, should know about motorcyclists: , and because of that, some drivers don't "recognize" a motorcycle. Motorcycles are simply not on their personal radar screens, and they are ignored, usually unintentionally and sometimes with tragic consequences. (like the door and roof pillars) or masked by objects or backgrounds outside a car (like bushes, fences or bridges). Take an extra moment to look for motorcycles, whether you're changing lanes or turning at intersections. 3. Also due to its small size, a motorcycle may seem to be farther away than it actually is , and it may be difficult to judge its speed. If you see a motorcycle when you are checking traffic to turn at an intersection or into or out of a driveway, predict it's closer than it looks. 4. Motorcyclists often slow by downshifting or merely rolling off the throttle , thus not activating the brake light. Allow more following distance -- say, three or four seconds between your vehicle and the motorcycle. At intersections, predict that a motorcyclist may slow down without visual warning in the form of brake light activation. 5. Motorcyclists often adjust their position within a lane to be seen more easily and to minimize the effects of road debris, passing vehicles and wind. Understand that motorcyclists adjust lane position for a legitimate purpose -- not to be reckless or show off or allow you to share the lane with them. 6. Turn signals on a motorcycle are usually not self-canceling; thus, some riders (especially beginners) may forget to turn them off after a turn or lane change. Don't ignore the turn signal, but be aware that it might not be activated to indicate an imminent turn. 7. Maneuverability is one of a motorcycle's better characteristics , especially at slower speeds and with good road conditions, but don't expect a motorcyclist to be able to dodge out of the way of your vehicle. Give them space to maneuver. 8. Stopping distance for motorcycles is nearly the same as for cars, but slippery pavement makes stopping more difficult. Allow more following distance behind a motorcycle than behind a car or truck, because a motorcycle can't always stop "on a dime" -- or even a quarter. 9. When a motorcycle is in motion, see more than the motorcycle. Also see the person under the helmet, who could be your friend, neighbor or relative. If a driver crashes into a motorcyclist, bicyclist or pedestrian and causes serious injury, the result is a tragedy not only for the injured person but for the driver of the vehicle that injured him as well. Luigi Fraschini Based in Cleveland, Driving Today Contributing Editor Luigi Fraschini writes frequently about automobile and motorcycle safety issues. Powered by WorldNow WSLS 10, P.O. Box 10 Roanoke, VA 24022-0010 Telephone: 540.981.9110 Fax: 540.343.3157 Email: news@wsls.com Can't find something? Powered by WorldNow
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Innovative buildings and structures as a means of humanization of urban space Maksim Votinov, Olga Smirnova Innovative buildings and structures as a means of humanization of urban space are considered. Innovative buildings and structures are designed for various processes of human life. Innovative buildings are the objects of technologies, where the latest achievements in various fields of science and technology are realized. They were created gradually in the process of civilization development, but at all the stages of historical development they were distinguished by their novelty (they didn't more » ... ty (they didn't have analogs), their unconventional constructive and compositional space-spatial solution which provides the individual artistic image of the object. These buildings should be differentiated into historical and modern. At each stage of historical development, they were architectural objects with new qualitative characteristics. The main patterns in the formation of innovative historical and modern objects are identified. The application of the phenomenological concept in the design of innovative buildings, when the architectural environment acquires its properties depending on the spatial – physical and utilitarian – needs of a human, where a person is viewed as a functioning object, as well as spiritual-aesthetic needs, where a person is considered as a perceiving subject, becomes urgent. The aspects of the humanization of the urban environment that innovative buildings should fulfill are determined. doi:10.24358/bud-arch_17_163_04 fatcat:5sx2obgtnngdfnqm6bak55jqoi
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Tory Burch Giày dép Việt Nam Có hai loại chính của Tory Burch Giày dép, cụ thể là một Giày cao gót hoặc Dép xỏ ngón. Dép xỏ ngón nữ thời trang trẻ trung năng động 2016, Giày cao gót nữ đơn giản nhẹ nhàng thời trang 2016 hoặc Giày cao gót nữ đơn giản thời trang 2016 sản phẩm phổ biến nhất của Tory Burch Giày dép mà bạn có thể mua trực tuyến. Có rất nhiều thương hiệu bạn có thể tham khảo trực tuyến như Everest, SKECHERS hoặc Scorpion nếu bạn muốn nhiều sự lựa chọn khác nhau từ Tory Burch Giày dép. Với 1.000.000 đ-1.500.000 đ VND, bạn có thể sở hữu một Tory Burch Giày dép trực tuyến.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
|
vie_Latn
| 0.0775
|
In 2005, the MetroWest Health Foundation launched a 10-year initiative to conduct the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Youth Risk Behavior Survey biennially with every high school and middle school student in the foundation’s 25-town region. The survey asks students about substance use, violence, sexual behaviors, mental health, and nutrition. In the first year of the initiative, about two-thirds of public high schools and half of the middle schools in the region participated. By 2012, every public high school and middle school participated. Encompassing some 40,000 students, the survey is considered to be one of largest, if not the largest, regional census of risky behavior among youth in the country. Schools and communities use the data to change school and law enforcement policies, implement new curriculum, educate parents, expand time for school wellness programs, and secure federal grants. The foundation has used the data to measure the impact of its substance abuse and antibullying initiatives as well as to develop new funding programs, such as adolescent mental health. The foundation's research partner, Education Development Center, was asked to share the data with New York City, which used the data to demonstrate that increasing the minimum age to purchase tobacco is associated with reduced rates of tobacco use among youth. Donham, Rebecca H. and Kessel Schneider, Shari "Drugs, Depression, and Dating Violence: Partnering With Schools to Collect and Use Data on Adolescent Risky Behaviors," The Foundation Review: 4, Article 5. Available at: https://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/tfr/vol6/iss4/5
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Antioxidants and Free Radicals Free radicals are highly reactive compounds that are created in the body during normal metabolic functions or introduced from the environment. Free radicals are inherently unstable, since they contain “extra” energy. To reduce their energy load, free radicals react with certain chemicals in the body, and in the process, interfere with the cells’ ability to function normally. Antioxidants work in several ways: they may reduce the energy of the free radical, stop the free radical from forming in the first place, or interrupt an oxidizing chain reaction to minimize the damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are believed to play a role in more than sixty different health conditions, including the aging process, cancer, and atherosclerosis.1 Reducing exposure to free radicals and increasing intake of antioxidant nutrients has the potential to reduce the risk of free radical-related health problems. Oxygen, although essential to life, is the source of the potentially damaging free radicals. Free radicals are also found in the environment. Environmental sources of free radicals include exposure to ionizing radiation (from industry, sun exposure, cosmic rays, and medical X-rays), ozone and nitrous oxide (primarily from automobile exhaust), heavy metals (such as mercury, cadmium, and lead), cigarette smoke (both active and passive), alcohol, unsaturated fat, and other chemicals and compounds from food, water, and air. The body produces several antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, that neutralize many types of free radicals. Supplements of these enzymes are available for oral administration. However, their absorption is probably minimal at best. Supplementing with the “building blocks” the body requires to make SOD, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase may be more effective. These building block nutrients include the minerals manganese, zinc, and copper for SOD and selenium for glutathione peroxidase. In addition to enzymes, many vitamins and minerals act as antioxidants in their own right, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, beta-carotene, lutein, lycopene, vitamin B2, coenzyme Q10, and cysteine (an amino acid). Herbs, such as bilberry, turmeric (curcumin), grape seed or pine bark extracts, and ginkgo can also provide powerful antioxidant protection for the body. Consuming a wide variety of antioxidant enzymes, vitamins, minerals, and herbs may be the best way to provide the body with the most complete protection against free radical damage.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
The cost of solar photovoltaic systems could become cheaper than even fossil fuels over within the next ten years, according to technology advancement association IEEE. But IEEE said that to achieve this cost parity, the solar industry must continue to improve the efficiency of photovoltaic cell technologies and create economies of scale “Solar PV will be a game changer,” said executive director James Prendergast. “No other alternative source has the same potential. “As the cost of electricity from solar continues to decrease compared to traditional energy sources we will see tremendous market adoption, and I suspect it will be a growth limited only by supply,” Prendergast added. But Jie Shu, director of the Solar Energy Application Laboratory at the Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion (GIEC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, said, “For solar PV to truly compete on its own with traditional power generation, the cost and efficiency of transforming sunlight into electricity must continue to improve.” The IEEE says that that in the past few years, there have been significant advancements in solar PV technology and in the availability of materials needed for solar PV development. Silicon is now more readily available than it was five years ago, the IEEE says, and thin-film materials are helping to improve solar cell efficiency.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Korea’s first nuclear reactor, Kori No. 1 in Busan, was shut down permanently Sunday, 40 years after it began operations. It was the first step President Moon Jae-in took to move the country away from nuclear energy. “We will abolish our nuclear-centered energy policy and move toward a nuclear-free era. We will completely scrap construction plans for new nuclear reactors that are currently underway,” Moon said in a ceremony to mark the shutdown of the reactor on Monday. During his campaign, he pledged to close all nuclear and coal-fired power plants within 40 years. He promised to ban new reactors and expand renewable energy from the current 2 percent to 20 percent by 2030. Last month, Moon ordered the closure of all fossil fuel power plants aged more than 30 years within his five-year term. It is ideal in view of safety and environment to go from nuclear and fossil fuels to natural gas and renewables. But rushing the change may bring about power shortages and other side effects. The government says it can meet demand by increasing power generation with liquefied natural gas, instead of nuclear fuel, but it is questionable if this can be done as efficiently as it is now with nuclear power. Korea imports 98 percent of the energy it needs. It generates about 60 percent of its electricity from nuclear and coal plants. Under Moon’s energy projection, the figure will go down to 43 percent in 2030. The share of liquefied natural gas will increase from 18.8 percent to 37 percent. Renewables will rise from 4.7 percent to 20 percent. Late last year, coals accounted for 34.1 percent of the nation’s power generation, atomic fuels 28.8 percent and natural gas 21.5 percent. The cost of electricity generated with nuclear fuel is 5.69 won (half a US cent) per kilowatt-hour, compared to 46.59 won for coal and 88.82 won for gas. If all nuclear and coal plants are taken offline as Moon pledged, electricity price increases will be inevitable. Natural conditions are not so suitable for photovoltaic and wind power generation in Korea. Wind and solar energies are affected by nature and are intermittent. More troubling than production cost is it is doubtful whether renewables could generate much of the electricity needed at industrial sites. Experts view renewable sources generating 10 percent of total electricity production by 2030 as unlikely without infrastructure to transport and store renewable energy. If the Moon administration wants to curb carbon emissions and transition to green energy, it should first develop renewable energy. If Shin Kori No. 5 and No. 6, two new reactors which are about 26 percent constructed, are scrapped, about 4 trillion won in sunk costs will be incurred. The nuclear reactor Korea exported to the United Arab Emirates is the same model to the Shin Kori reactors. What will the Middle East country think of shutting them down? Exports of Korea’s accumulated nuclear reactor technology are worth considering. Japan is operating nuclear plants, though its Fukushima plant was destroyed in a tsunami in 2011. Despite the trauma of the accident and frequent earthquakes, it decided to expand nuclear power generation to 20 percent by 2035. It had no other choice to tap nuclear energy to meet increasing power demand. Switzerland banned new nuclear plants through a referendum last month. Germany decided not to add nuclear plants. But Switzerland generates 60 percent of power from hydroelectric stations. Germany imports electricity from France, which relies on nuclear power for three-quarters of its electricity generation. Korea is different from these countries. It is not an oil-producing nation. It has no countries, either, from which it can import electricity. Safety and environment are important, but economic feasibility should be considered as well. Public understanding is needed about the inevitable electricity rate hikes. An emergency situation such as an unexpected event limiting the gas trade should be taken into account. The Moon government needs to review its energy policy from a long-term perspective and should make meticulous plans to prevent any possibility of power shortages due to going nuclear free.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Take the 2-minute tour × I have string similar to this one: {{something1}} something2 {{something3}} something4 How can I match only "something1" using the preg_match() function? I tried: but this matched too much, returning something1}} something2 {{something3 I tried adding \b to the pattern, but didn't get what I want that way either. Could you please help me with this? share|improve this question that looks like some sort of improper json do you have control over the string before it gets to you ? – mcgrailm May 5 '11 at 12:19 First Question. Properly asked. Upvoted. – Yann Milin May 5 '11 at 15:31 3 Answers 3 up vote 11 down vote accepted Use non greedy modifier ? : here --^ share|improve this answer Thanks works! "here --^" is megacool) – Narek May 5 '11 at 12:23 @Narek: You're welcome. You could consider to accept the answer. – M42 May 5 '11 at 12:41 a full answer - if our $var is: 1) In case we use: $var = preg_replace('/STARTT(.*)KKK/', 'REPLACED-STRING', $var); it will change everything from the STARTT to last KKK and Result will be: 2) In case we use: $var = preg_replace('/STARTT(.*?)KKK/', 'REPLACED-STRING', $var); Result will be: share|improve this answer Try this: preg_match('|{{([^}]+)}}|si', $content, $matches); echo $matches[1]; share|improve this answer Since the OP's closing "tag" is a double }, a single } may very well be allowed. The reluctant .*? is more appropriate as M42 suggested, IMO. – Bart Kiers May 5 '11 at 12:21 Thanks, but doesn't work:) – Narek May 5 '11 at 12:24 Both methods work equally as well. I prefer to use [^ to be as specific as possible. I believe using .*? takes more steps than the above regex (though I'm not sure, will test later on), though negligible performance difference merely brings this down to syntax. – Gary Hole May 5 '11 at 12:27 @Narek sorry I was thinking of preg_match_all -- I've corrected it now. Tested it and it works. – Gary Hole May 5 '11 at 12:32 Your Answer
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
1149 GMT January 19, 2019 A new window coating promises to do just that. Researchers at the Agency for Science, Technology and Research in Singapore, or A*STAR, have developed a nanoparticle coating that allows the passage of visible light but blocks 90 percent of the heat carried by the sun's rays, UPI wrote. The new coating could lessen the burden on air conditioning units in buildings across Southeast Asia and elsewhere. "In tropical Singapore, where air conditioning is the largest component of a building's energy requirements, even a small reduction in heat intake can translate into significant savings," Hui Huang, a researcher at the A*STAR Singapore Institute of Manufacturing and Technology, said. Reduced reliance on air conditioning could curb carbon emissions, researchers say. Huang and his colleagues successfully produced antimony-doped tin oxide nanocrystals using a solvothermal method. The method — which employs intense pressure but modest amounts of heat — allows scientists to tightly control the synthesis process and the size of the nanoparticles. The method yields particles that measure 10 nanometers. The coating's particles let in 80 percent of visible light while blocking out almost all near-infrared radiation. "These figures are much better than those of coatings obtained using commercial antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowders," Huang said. "In particular, the infrared shielding performance of our small antimony-doped tin oxide nanocrystals is twice that of larger commercial antimony-doped tin oxide powders." Huang and his research partners — who described their technology in the journal Materials and Design — are now working with a glass company to take their smart window technology to market.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
When an individual experiences a traumatic injury, most often the entire family—especially the family members who are closely involved in caregiving—is profoundly affected. “These individuals experience a high level of stress given uncertainty regarding their family member’s survival,” explains Natalie Williams, assistant professor of Child, Youth and Family Studies at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. “There is a great need for interventions to reduce caregiver stress and improve mental health during their family member’s hospitalization, but few existing programs are available since in most settings, services are aimed at addressing the treatment needs of the identified patient.” Recognizing there was a research gap in the role family caregivers play in the functional recovery of individuals suffering traumatic injury, Williams and her colleagues decided to investigate how massage therapy might impact the health of caregivers. “Massage represented a novel intervention to promote physical and psychological well-being among these caregivers, without adding to their burden,” she says. “In addition, we hoped that a massage intervention might reinforce the importance and benefits of self-care.” This pilot study focused on determining the impact of dosage massage intervention on symptoms of anxiety and depression and physiological stress reactivity of caregivers with hospitalized family members. “Specifically, we randomized participants to receive either one massage per week or three massages per week,” Williams says. “Since this was a pilot study, we also were interested in documenting the feasibility and acceptability of a massage intervention for family caregivers in the inpatient rehabilitation environment.” According to Williams, massage therapists used a standardized 60-minute moderate pressure therapeutic massage protocol specifying different body regions to be addressed, though the time allocated to each body region could be customized by the therapist in consult with the study participant. “Use of specific therapeutic massage techniques, as well as the technique sequence, was left to the discretion of the massage therapist to allow for some individualization of treatment based on therapist preference and client needs,” explains Williams. Prior to and after receiving the massage intervention, caregivers completed questionnaires assessing symptoms of anxiety and depression. “We also collected saliva samples to measure their physiological stress reactivity,” Williams adds, “and participants wore a small device that records patterns of sleep and wakefulness for 72 hours.” Although full results aren’t yet available, Williams reports positive feedback from the study participants. “Participants who have completed the study provided very positive feedback, highlighting the potential benefits of massage for caregivers,” she says. The Implications for Your Massage Practice. “It is helpful to encourage and discuss the benefits of self-care with these clients, as many caregivers feel guilty taking time away from their family member to get a massage,” Williams says. They may, however, benefit from flexibility in your scheduling so they can get massages while still providing care for their loved ones, she adds. Related: Self-care for Massage Clients Natalie Williams, assistant professor of Child, Youth and Family Studies at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. She was awarded a research grant from the Massage Therapy Foundation for her work on the “Impact of Massage Therapy on Well-Being for Parents of Children Recovering From Traumatic Injury." Excerpted from the Spring 2017 Massage Therapy Journal. Massage for Health & Wellness 25 Reasons to Get a Massage Research: Massage Therapy & Multiple Sclerosis Massage Therapy for Military Veterans
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Most beginner gardeners often don’t realize that the way they choose watering can affect their plants. Some gardeners choose to use a cooper can because it looks aesthetic. You may think the same. So, are copper watering cans good for plants? The explanation below helps to ensure whether you should use a copper watering can or not. The Way Copper Watering Cans Affect Plants Copper can easily corrosion. Corroded copper watering cans can affect your plants because it releases a lot of copper into the soil. Copper will bind the organic matter on the soil, including clay minerals, hydrated oxides of iron or FE, aluminum or AI, and manganese or Mn. Slowly but surely, the soil lacks these nutrients. The lack of FE, AI, and Mn will make plants unable to grow maximally. They even slowly die. The Signs of Plants Affected by Copper in Soil After learning a little bit about are copper watering cans good for plants, you also have to learn the signs of plants affected by copper in the soil. The earlier you know the sign, the earlier you handle the plants. Check the color of the leaves first. The plants may suffer from copper toxicity when their leaves turn bluish, yellow, or brown. Your seedling also failed if using soil with excess copper. Even if the seeds sprout, they grow so weak and unhealthy. It is because plants need sufficient iron intake to grow healthy and strong. Copper can also hinder flowering in plants. Treat Copper Toxicity in Soil Treat copper toxicity immediately once you know it. Treating the copper toxicity issue is difficult when the copper stays in the soil for years. The first thing you can do to solve this problem is by cleaning the soil. Use clean water to wash the soil. The water volume has to be twice bigger than the volume of the soil you are about to clean. Use a sprayer or a hose when watering the soil. Ensure that you don’t use the same watering can to prevent adding more copper to the soil. Repotting is also an alternative to save the plants while treating the copper-infected soil. Wash the root of the plants so there is no infected soil anymore before repotting it. Use a high-quality potting mix product that is mixed with nutrients for plants. Voila! Your plants are safe! Start treating the infected soil and ensure that it is safe enough to use to grow plants. The Way to Prevent Corrosion on Copper Cans Corrosion appears when you let wet copper cans. Water and oxygen produce ferric oxide in copper materials, including watering cans. So, how to prevent corrosion on copper watering cans? The most effective method is by coating it with zinc. The coating creates a galvanized surface on the cans. Alternatively, paint your watering can with rust-proof enamel paint. The fastest solution if you still want to use copper watering cans is buying a painted or galvanized watering can. Are copper watering cans good for plants? Yes, it is as long as you can ensure that the cans are galvanized or painted to prevent corrosion. Corrosion that flows with water to the soil is the one that can affect your plants so badly.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Filtering water using sand is a time-tested practice and endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Now Australian researchers say the filtering properties of the sand are considerably enhanced when it is coated with a nanomaterial called graphite oxide (GO). The team led by Dr Mainak Majumder from the Monash Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, together with researchers from Rice University in Houston, changed the structure of graphite, a material found in pencils, to dramatically increase its surface area before coating coarse grains of sand. Increasing the surface area of the sand caused a corresponding increase in the material's ability to filter contaminants. The discovery could prove a boon to millions in developing countries dogged by water pollution. The research, published recently in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, indicated that untreated sand became saturated after ten minutes of filtration, while the GO-coated 'super sand' absorbed contaminants for more than 50 minutes. Dr Majumder said the super sand's performance was comparable to some commercially available activated carbon materials, which are used for filtration purposes. "By increasing its surface area, we've improved the filtering capability of sand so that it is not only more effective in removing contaminants, but still filters relatively quickly, making it a viable option for water purification." Dr Majumder said the other big advantage of the super sand is that it is relatively cheap to produce. "Given that the functional carbon can be synthesised using room temperature processes and also from cheap graphite sources, such as mining by-product, it is likely to be cost-efficient." Access to clean water is a significant challenge for the global population. The WHO reports that, annually, access to safer water could prevent 1.4 million deaths from diarrhoea; 500,000 deaths from malaria and 860,000 deaths from malnutrition. "We hope that in the future our technology will help to improve the living conditions of people facing water scarcity", said Dr Majumder.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Bayonetta Wiki 332pages on this wiki Add New Page Comments6 Share Acceptance Render Acceptance is an angelic enemy in Bayonetta 2. A member of the Third Sphere (Angels), it is one of the more common enemies in the earlier stages of the game. The Hierarchy of Laguna "Among the nine ranks in the angelic hierarchy, Acceptance belongs to the bottom of the Third Sphere called Angels, the hierarchy's lowest rank. It appears to those who are moments away from death in a half-human, half-pegasus form with glittering wings. Characterized as the symbol of death and acceptance, various legends tell of Acceptance solemnly placing the souls of the dead upon its back and carrying them away, ignoring their past deeds and any pleas for a second chance." Acceptance is a centaur-like angel with richly-adorned blue armor and a pair of gold-armored wings. Its humanoid torso lacks a head on its shoulders - instead, there is a large face built into its stomach. There are two variants of Acceptance, which only vary in the weapon they wield; one uses a conical spear mounted on its arm, and the other uses a harp that doubles as a bow. Acceptance is similar to Affinity, being a basic enemy that uses relatively simple attacks against Bayonetta They usually appear in groups of 3 or more, or as backup for stronger enemies. There are two types that can be fought. Acceptance A: One of the most common angels first encountered in the game, Acceptance A uses a spear for attacking with thrusts and wide slashes. If Bayonetta moves behind it, it may attempt to kick her with its hind legs. Acceptance B: Using will use harp weapons that acts as a bow, Acceptance B is a ranged enemy and will launch a volley of arrows at Bayonetta from a distance as well as swing at her with melee strike if close enough. Like the other variant, It also will attack with its hind legs if Bayonetta moves behind it. Recommended Weapons Acceptance is easily dealt with through the use of any weapon in Bayonetta's arsenal, meaning that they can be fought with your preferred weapon combinations of choice. In Judeo-Christian mythology, malakhim (messengers or angels) are the lowest order of the angels, and the most recognized. They are the most humanoid and most concerned with humans, and are usually depicted as the traditional winged humans with halos that pervade popular culture. • According to Yusuke Hashimoto, the director of Bayonetta 2 and the angel designer for both games, Acceptance was one of the angels that he spent the most time working on. He felt that a newly designed Bayonetta fighting old enemies would seem boring, so he stepped away from the human-like framework of the first game and added in the centaur aspects. This opened the door to add in newly designed angels for the rest of the game. • Acceptance's armour and accessories are designed with the idea of it being a 'levelled up' Affinity to fit with the nature of the game being a sequel. Bayonetta Bloody Fate - Logo Angel Land Fan Logo RE Logo DMC Logo VJ Logo AR Logo W101 Logo SSB4 Logo Masked Lumen (Gallery)LokiLoptrAesir HandgunsScarborough FairOnyx RosesShurabaKulshedraDurgaOdetteLt. Col. KilgoreSai FungBazillionsPillow TalkRodinAll 4 One Love Is BlueRakshasaAlrunaKafkaChernobogUndineTakemikazuchiSalamandraMaster SwordArwing GunsChain ChompUmbran ArmorUnforgivenHoly Glaive AffinityDear and DecorationsEnchantApplaudArdorIrenicBelovedKinshipFairnessGrace and GloryFearlessHarmonyInspiredBravesGracious and GloriousJoy AcceptanceBeliefAccoladeValianceCachet & CompassionUrbaneEnraptureFidelityGravitasAllegianceHideousHatredFuryPainPrideGreedMaliciousResentmentSloth Contracted DemonsGomorrahMalphasHekatoncheirScolopendraPhantasmaraneaeLittle DevilsMadama ButterflyMadama StyxQueen Sheba LabolasMictlantecuhtliBaalHydraDiomedesCarnageMadama KhepriOmneFortitudoTemperantia GolemFortitudoTemperantiaIustitiaSapientiaFather BalderJeanneJubileus the Creator Father Rodin GomorrahValianceGlamorMasked LumenValorInsidiousProphetAlrauneBalderLoptrAesirRodin, The Infinite One ItemIcon ItemsAcessoriesIconAccessoriesHotIconRodin's TreasuresTechniquesTechniques MarioIconNintendo Content Ad blocker interference detected!
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
What's killing our galaxies? Across the universe, galaxies are being killed, and scientists want to know whodunnit. Now, astronomers based at the International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) have laid their hands on the culprit — a cosmic phenomenon called ram-pressure stripping. As explained by Toby Brown, leader of the new study and a PhD candidate at ICRAR and Swinburne University of Technology, galaxies are embedded in clouds of dark matter called dark matter halos. “During their lifetimes,” he said, “galaxies can inhabit halos of different sizes, ranging from masses typical of our own Milky Way to halos thousands of times more massive. “As galaxies fall through these larger halos, the superheated intergalactic plasma between them removes their gas in a fast-acting process called ram-pressure stripping,” Brown continued. “You can think of it like a giant cosmic broom that comes through and physically sweeps the gas from the galaxies.” Brown said that removing gas from galaxies leaves them unable to form new stars, while the existing stars will cool off and grow old. “If you remove the fuel for star formation then you effectively kill the galaxy and turn it into a dead object,” he explained. Astronomers already knew ram-pressure stripping affected galaxies in clusters, which are the most massive halos found in the universe. But the new study has revealed that “the same process is operating in much smaller groups of just a few galaxies together with much less dark matter”, according to Brown. The researchers came to this conclusion through the use of an innovative technique combining the largest optical galaxy survey ever completed — the Sloan Digital Sky Survey — with the largest set of radio observations for atomic gas in galaxies — the Arecibo Legacy Fast ALFA survey. The results of their work have been published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Having now observed the same cause of death in 11,000 galaxies, Brown believes that stripping is “potentially the dominant way galaxies are quenched by their surrounds”. This is in contrast to the other main process by which galaxies die, known as strangulation. “Strangulation occurs when the gas is consumed to make stars faster than it’s being replenished, so the galaxy starves to death,” Brown said. “It’s a slow-acting process. On the contrary, what ram-pressure stripping does is bop the galaxy on the head and remove its gas very quickly — of the order of tens of millions of years — and astronomically speaking that’s very fast.” Researchers have identified a drug that could reverse the damaging impacts of heavy alcohol... Buckingham Palace in London, the Pentagon in Virginia and the Empire State Building in New York... A recent investigation raises concerns over poor quality, lack of regulation and...
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
As technology keeps getting faster and smaller, the computer industry is working towards the end of the Moore's Law roadmap where technology will eventually be designed and created at the atomic level. Rather than working their way down incrementally, some researchers are taking a different approach by exploring what happens at the end of Moore's Law, specifically whether it is possible to do computing and other work at that scale. This means they are asking questions like, 'how many atoms are needed to store information', and 'are there schemes to do computation with magnetic atoms instead of transistors'? An IBM research team has now demonstrated, for the first time, the ability to measure how long an individual iron atom can hold magnetic information. They show how a scanning tunneling microscope can measure electron spin relaxation times of individual atoms adsorbed on a surface with nanosecond time resolution using an all-electronic pump-probe measurement scheme. After achieving the 45-nm process, today's semiconductor industry is nearing the 20-nm process and looking for techniques that would enable sub-22-nm-half-pitch line patterns. Following the continuous increase in exposure tool numerical aperture, researchers are pursuing reductions in exposure wavelengths. This effort had them look at extreme ultraviolet (EUV: 13.4 nm in wavelength) as an exposure light source. Unlike the numerical aperture engineering, change of a light source to EUV demands development of its related components, such as photoresist and optics. Until a reliable solution for EUV lithography is developed, EUV interference lithography (EUVIL) would not solely advance the lithographic technology but would also help to optimize photoresist materials for EUV. Even though traditional, digital computers have consistently increased in speed and complexity, they are limited by their reliance on sequential processing of instructions; i.e. no matter haw fast they are, they still process only one bit at a time. By contrast, individual neurons in our brain are very slow: they fire at only about 1000 times per second; however, since they are operating in a massively parallel way, with millions of neurons working collectively, they are able to complete certain tasks more efficiently than even the fastest super-computer. Another important distinction of our brain is that, during computing, information processing circuits evolve continuously to solve complex problems. An international research team from Japan and Michigan Technological University has now created a similar process of circuit evolution in an organic molecular layer, which also solves complex problems. This brain-like 'evolutionary' circuit has been realized for the first time in the world. In developing next generation data storage devices, researchers are employing a variety of nanotechnology fabrication and patterning techniques such as electron-beam lithography, photolithography, microcontact printing, nanoimprinting and scanning probe microscope-based lithography. A decade ago, IBM for instance introduced the Millipede Project, a thermomechanical AFM-based nanopatterning technique that was aimed at data storage systems. While this system required an AFM tip heated to 350 degrees centigrade, researchers in Korea have now demonstrated that the writing, reading, and erasure of nanoscopic indentations on a polymeric film can be achieved by using an AFM tip at room temperature - no heating required. Experiments with graphene have revealed some fascinating phenomena that excite researchers who are working towards molecular electronics. It was found that graphene remains capable of conducting electricity even at the limit of nominally zero carrier concentration because the electrons don't seem to slow down or localize. This means that graphene never stops conducting. Taking advantage of the conducting properties of graphene, researchers now have described how graphene memory could potentially be used as a new type of memory that could significantly exceed the performance of current state-of-the-art flash memory technology. Their results show the possibility to build next-generation memory devices with vast amounts of memory using nanocables with a silicon dioxide core and a shell of stacked sheets of graphene. The method that has been traditionally used in binary information storage is by making a distinction between storage (designated as 1) and non-storage (designated as 0). In reality, each imprint (or non-imprint) can store either 1 or 0. Thus the sequence and the numbers of 1 and 0 define everything with respect to the amount of information that can be stored and retrieved at the hardware level, no matter how sophisticated the overlaying software routines are. Ever since computers were developed, information storage has adhered to the eight-bit system. No matter how sophisticated information storage technologies have become - exploiting magnetoresistance, developing optical storage media such as CDs, DVDs and blue-ray discs, or the development of holographic storage media - a bit is always represented by manipulating a single feature, i.e., a transition or non-transition. Now, in contrast, consider the following: There are four colors, each of which could at least represent two or more bits; whereas in conventional methods only a single bit is available. In terms of color, this is somewhat similar to a black and white system that can support at most two kinds of transitions - 0 to 1 and 1 to 0. On the other hand, in four-color coded systems there can be 16 such unique transitions. For nanoelectronics applications like single-electron devices to become practical, everyday items, they need to move from the highly individual and customized fabrication process typically found in laboratories to an automated, high-throughput and industrial-scale production environment. The reason this hasn't happened yet is that the various nanoscale pattern definition techniques used today - such as e-beam lithography, mechanically controllable break junctions, electromigration, electrodeposition, nanoscale oxidation, and scanning tunneling microscopy - generally are not suitable for large-scale parallel processing. The fabrication of single-electron devices requires nanoscale geometrical arrangement of device components, that is, source and drain electrodes and Coulomb islands. Developing methods to fabricate nanoscale devices in large numbers at a time has been one of the major efforts of the nanotechnology community. A new study now demonstrates that this can be done with complete parallel processing using CMOS-compatible processes and materials. Furthermore, these single-electron devices can operate at room temperature, an essential requirement for practical implementations. In the past, random defects caused by particle contamination were the dominant reason for yield loss in the semiconductor industry - defects occur in the patterning process (so-called process defects) when contaminants become lodged in or on the wafer surface. Trying to prevent such fabrication defects, chip manufacturers have spent much effort and money to improve the fabrication process, for instance by installing ultra-clean fabrication facilities. With the semiconductor industry's move to advanced nanometer nodes, and feature sizes approaches the limitation of the fabrication method used, particles are no longer the only problem for chip manufacturers. In a nanoscale feature-size fabrication environment, systematic variations, such as metal width and thickness variations or mask misalignment, are also major contributors to yield loss. Rather than perfecting a nanostructure by improving its original fabrication method, researchers at Princeton University have demonstrated a new method, known as self-perfection by liquefaction (SPEL), which removes nanostructure fabrication defects and improves nanostructures after fabrication.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Phonological history of English high back vowels Most dialects of modern English have two high back vowels: the near-close near-back rounded vowel /ʊ/ found in words like foot, and the close back rounded vowel /uː/ (realized as central [ʉː] in many dialects) found in words like goose. This article discusses the history of these vowels in various dialects of English, focusing in particular on phonemic splits and mergers involving these sounds. In the Old English vowel system, there was a pair of short and long high back vowels, /u/ and /uː/, both written ⟨u⟩ (the longer vowel is often distinguished as ⟨ū⟩ in modern editions of Old English texts). There was also a pair of back vowels of mid-height, /o/ and /oː/, written ⟨o⟩ (the longer one often ⟨ō⟩ in modern editions). The same four vowels existed in the Middle English system. The short vowels were still spelt ⟨u⟩ and ⟨o⟩, but long /uː/ came to be spelt as ⟨ou⟩, and /oː/ as ⟨oo⟩. Generally the Middle English vowels descended from the corresponding Old English ones, although there were certain alternative developments – see Phonological history of Old English#Changes leading up to Middle and Modern English. Due to Middle English open syllable lengthening, short /o/ was mostly lengthened to /ɔː/ (an opener back vowel) in open syllables; this development can be seen in words like nose. In the Great Vowel Shift, ME long /oː/ ended up being raised to /uː/, in words like moon; ME long /uː/ was diphthongized, becoming the present-day /aʊ/, as in mouse; and the /ɔː/ of nose was raised and later diphthongized, leading to present-day /oʊ ~ əʊ/. At some point, short /u/ developed into a lax, near-close near-back rounded vowel, /ʊ/, as found in words like put. (Similarly, short /i/ has become /ɪ/.) According to Roger Lass, this laxing occurred in the 17th century, but other linguists have suggested that it may have taken place much earlier. The short /o/ remaining in words like lot has also been lowered, and unrounded in some accents (see low back vowels). Shortening of /uː/ to /ʊ/Edit In a handful of words, including some very common ones, the vowel /uː/ was shortened to /ʊ/. In a few of these words, notably blood and flood, this shortening happened early enough that the resulting /ʊ/ underwent the "foot–strut split" (see next section) and are now pronounced with /ʌ/. Other words that underwent shortening later consistently have /ʊ/, such as good, book, and wool. Still other words, such as roof, hoof, and root are in the process of the shift today, with some speakers preferring /uː/ and others preferring /ʊ/ in such words. For some speakers in Northern England, words ending in -ook such as book, cook still have the long /uː/ vowel. The foot–strut split is the split of Middle English short /u/ into two distinct phonemes /ʊ/ (as in foot) and /ʌ/ (as in strut). The split occurs in most varieties of English; the most notable exceptions being those of Northern England and the English Midlands. The origin of the split is the unrounding of /ʊ/ in Early Modern English, resulting in the phoneme /ʌ/. In general (though with some exceptions), unrounding to /ʌ/ did not occur if /ʊ/ was preceded by a labial consonant (e.g., /p/, /f/, /b/) and followed by /l/, /ʃ/, or /tʃ/, leaving the modern /ʊ/. Because of the inconsistency of the split, the words put and putt became a minimal pair, distinguished as /pʊt/ and /pʌt/. The first clear description of the split dates from 1644. In non-splitting accents, cut and put rhyme, putt and put are homophonous as /pʊt/, and pudding and budding rhyme. However luck and look are not necessarily homophones; many accents in the area concerned have look as /luːk/, with the vowel of goose. The absence of this split is a less common feature of educated Northern English speech than the absence of the trap–bath split. The absence of the foot–strut split is sometimes stigmatized, and speakers of non-splitting accents may try to introduce it into their speech, sometimes resulting in hypercorrections such as pronouncing butcher /'bʌtʃə/. The name "foot–strut split" refers to the lexical sets introduced by Wells (1982), and identifies the vowel phonemes in the words. From a historical point of view, this name is inappropriate because the word foot did not have short /ʊ/ at the time the split happened, but underwent shortening at a later time. |Great Vowel Shift||uː||uː||uː||u||u| In modern standard varieties of English, e.g. Received Pronunciation (RP) and General American (GA), the spelling is a reasonably good guide to whether a word is in the FOOT or STRUT lexical sets. The spellings o and u nearly always indicate the STRUT set (common exceptions are wolf, woman, pull, bull, full, push, bush, cushion, puss, put, pudding and butcher), while the spellings oo and ould usually indicate the FOOT set (common exceptions are blood and flood). The spellings of some words changed in accordance with this pattern: e.g. wull became wool and wud became wood. In some recent loan words such as Muslim both pronunciations are found. Development of the sequence /juː/ Edit Earlier Middle English distinguished the close front rounded vowel /y/ (occurring in loanwords from Anglo-Norman like duke) and the diphthongs /iu/ (occurring in words like new), /eu/ (occurring in words like few) and /ɛu/ (occurring in words like dew). By the time of Late Middle English, /y/, /eu/, and /iu/ had merged as /ɪu/. In Early Modern English, /ɛu/ merged into /ɪu/ as well. This /ɪu/ has remained as such in some Welsh, northern English, and American accents, in which threw /θrɪu/ is distinct from through /θruː/. In the majority of accents, however, the falling diphthong /ɪu/ turned into a rising diphthong, which became the sequence /juː/. This change had taken place in London by the end of the 17th century. Depending on the preceding consonant and on the dialect, this either remained as /juː/ or developed into /uː/ by the process of yod-dropping. Hence the present-day standard English pronunciations of duke /d(j)uːk/, new /n(j)uː/, few /fjuː/ and rude /ruːd/. The foot–goose merger is a phenomenon that occurs in Scottish English, Ulster varieties of Hiberno-English, Malaysian English and Singapore English, where the vowels /ʊ/ and /uː/ are merged. As a result, pairs like look/Luke are homophones and good/food and foot/boot rhyme. The quality of the merged vowel is usually [ʉ] or [y] in Scottish English and [u] in Singapore English. The use of the same vowel in "foot" and "goose" in these dialects is not due to phonemic merger, but the appliance of different languages' vowel system to the English lexical incidence. The full–fool merger is a conditioned merger of the same two vowels before /l/, making pairs like pull/pool and full/fool homophones. In Geordie, the goose vowel splits into what may be considered two distinct phonemes: - /uː/, in morphologically closed syllables (as in bruise /bruːz/); - /ɵʊ/, in morphologically open syllables – at the end of a word (as in brew /brɵʊ/), but also at the end of a morpheme (as in brews /brɵʊz/). Compare the identical development of the high front fleece vowel. The change of /uː.ɪ/ to [ʊɪ] is a process that occurs in many varieties of British English where bisyllabic /uː.ɪ/ becomes the diphthong [ʊɪ] in certain words. As a result, "ruin" is pronounced as monosyllabic [ˈɹʊɪn] and "fluid" is pronounced [ˈflʊɪd]. - Stockwell, Robert; Minkova, Donka (May 2002). "Interpreting the Old and Middle English close vowels". Language Sciences. 24 (3-4): 447–57. doi:10.1016/S0388-0001(01)00043-2. - Wells, ibid., pp. 132, 196–99; 351–53 - Lass, Roger (2000). The Cambridge History of the English Language. Cambridge University Press. pp. 88–90. ISBN 978-0-521-26476-1. - Wells, ibid., p. 354 - Kettemann, Bernhard (1980). "P. Trudgill, ed., Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English". English World-Wide. 1 (1): 86. doi:10.1075/eww.1.1.13ket. - http://www.courses.fas.harvard.edu/~chaucer/pronunciation/, http://facweb.furman.edu/~wrogers/phonemes/phone/me/mvowel.htm - Wells (1982), p. 206. - Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 400–2, 438–39. ISBN 0-521-22919-7. (vol. 1). ISBN 0-521-24224-X (vol. 2)., ISBN 0-521-24225-8 (vol. 3). - Macafee 2004: 74 - Watt, Dominic; Allen, William (2003), "Tyneside English", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, 33 (2): 267–271, doi:10.1017/S0025100303001397 - Wells (1982), p. 240.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
How to Prune Angel Trumpet Plants Angel trumpet is a poisonous flowering plant, though it is only toxic when large amounts are consumed. The plant reaches as high as 15 feet at full maturity and, without pruning, it will reach up to 15 feet wide. Angel trumpet acts as a small tree or large shrub with long, trumpet-shaped flowers growing in pink, yellow or white. Grow angel trumpet in U.S. Department of Agriculture Plant Hardiness Zones 10 through 12 for best results. Prune angel trumpet to keep the growth tight and neat, minimizing the size of the plant. things you’ll need: - Watch the plant, waiting until it begins to grow in a "Y" shape. The distinct shape is a sign that the angel’s trumpet plant is mature and ready for regular pruning. - Locate old growth that is more than a year old. Look for thick stems that are wide in diameter and show signs of cracking or age. All but the newest stems and shoots of the angel trumpet plant should be pruned away. - Make cuts as close to the base of the stem as possible, getting right next to the trunk of the plant, using sharp garden shears. - Prune lateral branches to make the plant bushier, making cuts just at the joint of branches. - Search for any suckers, which are skinny branches growing straight up from the base and trunk of the plant, and cut them back to the base. - Cut away all branches growing within 1/2 inch of the ground. - Search for any branches that seem to be crowding other branches, thinning out areas that look too crowded. Always keep the healthiest-looking branches when choosing what to prune. Tips & Warnings
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Harriet Had Dated The Protagonist Harriet’s eyes grew wide as the Yamaha Ninja burst through the plate glass window. Harriet had found herself handcuffed to a chair in the climax of an action movie. As her European hosts began firing at the motorcycle with reckless abandon, it occurred to her that this was most likely impossible. The man who was performing a somersault behind the bike with two submachine guns was not disproving this hypothesis. Harriet had left her normal life at the entrance of the warehouse. Something had pushed her towards the open door. There she beheld box after box after box of clearly marked heroine. Somehow she knew that she would be apprehended by a tall blond man in leather. It turned out that there were ten tall blond men in black leather and they were expecting her, She couldn’t think of a good reason why they would be expecting her but then again, she didn’t have much time to. There were only two minutes between her being handcuffed to a wooden chair and the Yamaha’s entrance. The man from behind the motorcycle was walking confidently while firing both his guns. He was wearing a speed suit and a helmet. As he came within a step of her, he removed his helmet. She could recognized that spiky red hair anywhere; it was Paul, her high school sweetheart. As he ripped apart the joints of the wood chair, it occurred to Harriet that this was all a bit convenient. “Paul, what am I doing here?” “Don’t you mean wha tam I doing here?” “You’re here to shoot up a European drug cartel.” “True enough.” “Are you going to answer my question?” “As best I can tell, plot convenience.” “Look, I don’t tell many people this but I’m the protagonist.” Harriet wanted to say bull but it all added up. Everything about Paul felt unnaturally dramatic. When Harriet was in high school she chalked it up to his charm but it was more than that. The reason why Paul’s story seemed so compelling was it was the main story that all side stories blossomed from. “Here take my Glock.” She looked down at the big piece of plastic and back at him. “Paul, I’ve never used a gun.” “Don’t worry, that will just make your moment of badassery more satisfying.” “I get to have a moment of badassery?” “Sure, your a main character now.” With that, they were off to find a kingpin.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
How long does it take to ‘go sustainable’? A lot of my posts have been in and around how you can get people to change their behaviour. In particular, how can you get people to act in a way that is more ‘sustainable’. To me this usually means buying less stuff or eating less meat. I’ve been thinking about trying to solve this from an advertising or communications perspective because that’s where my (work) experience lies. However, I’ve come to realise that thinking of the issue of sustainability through the lens of advertising is this is far too simplistic. This is because advertising, on the whole, works by trying to encourage you to choose a brand when you are already thinking about buying that category. So, feel like a pint? Choose Stella over the others for these reasons. Need to buy some washing powder? Then this is why Ariel is the one to buy. (I know this is a gross over simplication, but when you think about a lot of categories, it’s true – all FMCG, fashion, health and beauty, car insurance etc etc). So, advertising is typically short form (from posters up to 30′ TV ads) which is proven (sometimes) to encourage people to buy more of a particular brand. The important thing however is how much of the work the consumer has already done for the advertiser. For example, the consumer is typically a) in a ‘consuming’ mindset – they have money in their pocket b) are in the environment (e.g. shop or online) where you are available c) are in the mood to buy from the category (e.g. after work in the pub, or in the supermarket doing the weekly shop). As a result, all the advertising has to do is to tip people to buy your brand rather than the competitor, which are likely to be next to them. It’s pretty simple job really. Now consider that against communications to try and get people to buy less. This is going to be far more difficult because it’s about reversing the ‘consuming mindset’. To get people to consider whether or not they actually need to buy what they are thinking of buying in the first place. It’s about getting people to value the value of ‘stuff’ and what role it plays in their lives. As a result, it’s about consumerism and meaning and what’s important etc etc. To do this is huge task that’s going to take a lot more communication than a 30′ ad or a poster. So, how long does it take to think like this? Not 30′, more like a year, I reckon. This is because that’s how long it’s taken me. To change the way I think about shopping and eating meat – such that I’ve reduced both by a considerable amount. And I’ve been thinking about this a lot and talking to people about it a lot. Now, it might be possible to get people to do it quicker than me – I hope so and I guess that’s the challenge – but the recognition of the time frame it’s taken me has helped me frame the scale of the task that faces us all. It’s a big task. Tagged , , , , , One thought on “How long does it take to ‘go sustainable’? 1. [...] this previous post I came to the conclusion that it takes a minimum of a year for someone to ‘go [...] Leave a Reply to How long does it take to go sustainable? (part 2) « 2 Years at Hogwarts Business School Cancel reply You are commenting using your account. Log Out / Change ) Google photo Twitter picture Facebook photo Connecting to %s %d bloggers like this:
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Institute of Astronomy Stars and Stellar Evolution Stars are the most important objects in the Universe. Even though they make up less than 3% of the matter they make up 100% of the visible matter. They are a major apparatus for studying the universe and its evolution. This includes the remnants left from their deaths and the discarded material from stellar winds during their life. The evolution of a star is qualitatively understood. It begins on the main sequence, burning hydrogen to helium. There it spends the largest fraction of its lifetime. Once a helium core has formed, hydrogen continues to burn in a shell around the core and the stellar radius swells and the star becomes a red giant or supergiant. In the centre of the core helium burning then ignites forming a carbon and oxygen. Stars with initial masses less than about 8 times the mass of the sun eventually form a carbon-oxygen core is and become asymptotic-giant branch stars. No further nuclear reactions occur in the centre of the star but the two burning shells of hydrogen and helium continue to burn by a series of thermal pulses in which a large amount of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements occurs. Eventually these stars lose their hydrogen envelopes by stellar winds and the carbon-oxygen core is exposed and becomes a white dwarf. For stars with initial masses greater than 8 times the mass of the sun later burning stages occur. After the formation of a carbon-oxygen core progressively heavier elements burn preventing stellar collapse until an iron core is formed. With no further energy source to prevent the core from collapsing, a neutron star or a black hole is formed and the star explodes as a supernova or long gamma-ray burst. These events, and the strong stellar winds these stars have, make them the an important source of energy and nucleosynthesis products in the interstellar medium. Thus massive stars are important to understand to understand the structure and evolution of galaxies. In addition the evolution of any star can be strongly affected if it is in a binary system. The evolution of a binary only differs from that of single stars if the size of the stars is similar to that of the orbit. If this occurs stars can lose mass, possibly transferring some to a companion. Mass-transfer can have dramatic consequences for both stars. The research into stellar evolution at the IoA encompasses all aspects of stellar evolution but the main themes currently are binary stars, magnetic fields, stellar winds, supernova progenitors, progenitors of gamma-ray bursts, spectral synthesis of resolved and unresolved stellar populations and asymptotic-giant branch stars. The research is primarily theoretical in nature. Our main code is the novel and versatile Cambridge STARS code to produce stellar models to study the above phenomena. In addition we also have strong links with observational groups around the world for which we provide theoretical input. N-Body Simulation Sverre Aarseth's research into numerical simulations of many-body (N-body) gravitational interactions has developed into a set of FORTRAN codes which describe the dynamics very closely, and freely downloadable. The STARS code was originally developed in the 1970's by Peter Eggleton. Over the years, the code has been gradually updated to it's current form. Page last updated: 24 February 2011 at 15:27
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Bãi trông xe Thái Nguyên bố trí 15 điểm giữ xe phục vụ lễ hội Trung thu lớn nhất từ trước đến nay Nguyễn Tùng | TP Thái Nguyên sẽ bố trí 15 điểm trông giữ xe khu vực trung tâm để phục vụ người dân trong Chương trình Nghệ thuật đường phố "Thái Nguyên rạng rỡ thành phố tháng Mười - Đêm hội Trung thu xứ Trà 2023". Đề xuất phân luồng một chiều trước cổng Bệnh viện Đà Nẵng, tăng dung tích giữ xe THÙY TRANG | Trước tình trạng những điểm giữ xe trước cổng Bệnh viện Đà Nẵng gây mất trật tự giao thông, UBND quận Hải Châu cho biết, vừa có đề xuất phân luồng giao thông một chiều trước cổng bệnh viện. Bên cạnh đó, phía bệnh viện cũng sẽ đôn thúc nhà thầu xây dựng nhanh chóng để tăng diện tích nhà giữ xe. Hè đường bị đào xới, mở rộng sai phép 200m2 để làm bãi trông xe ở Tây Hồ HỮU CHÁNH - VĨNH HOÀNG | Hà Nội - Ngày 30.9.2022, UBND quận Tây Hồ cấp giấy phép tạm thời sử dụng hè đường (đoạn phía sau tòa nhà 249 Thụy Khuê, phường Thụy Khuê) cho Công ty TNHH Dịch vụ vận tải Hùng Lâm để trông giữ ôtô. Tuy nhiên, đơn vị thi công lại không thực hiện đúng theo nội dung giấy phép mà đào xới, mở rộng vỉa hè khiến người dân bức xúc. Ban Chỉ đạo 197 các quận ra quân, xử lý nghiêm các bãi xe "lậu" Văn Đức | Hà Nội - Thời gian qua, Ban Chỉ đạo 197 các quận đã tiếp nhận phản ánh của người dân, tập trung đôn đốc, kiểm tra, xử lý, giải quyết các vi phạm về trật tự an toàn giao thông, trật tự đô thị, nhất là xử lý dứt điểm các bãi trông giữ xe trái phép. Đất dự án bị bỏ hoang làm nhà xưởng, bãi trông xe: Sở Xây dựng nói gì? ANH THƯ | Báo Lao Động phản ánh, đất cấp cho các dự án đầu tư xây dựng khu đô thị, căn hộ cao cấp, tòa nhà trung tâm thương mại, văn phòng trên địa bàn các quận, huyện ở Hà Nội đang bị “hô biến” thành các nhà xưởng tạm, bãi trông giữ xe, gara ôtô. Tái diễn tình trạng “xẻ thịt” lòng đường để thu tiền ở khu Linh Đàm CAO NGUYÊN | Người dân thủ đô rất phấn khởi và tin tưởng khi UBND TP.Hà Nội đang quyết liệt để giành lại vỉa hè, lòng đường. Tuy nhiên, theo phản ánh tại khu tổ hợp chung cư HH (Linh Đàm, phường Hoàng Liệt, quận Hoàng Mai) xuất hiện một số đối tượng tự lập điểm trông giữ xe máy, ôtô thu phí kiểu... cưỡng bức.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
|
vie_Latn
| 0.0775
|
The Old Testament Canon: The Law, the Prophets, and the Writings In an Old Testament context, the word “canon” is often used to refer to list of books that make up the Old Testament Scriptures. In Invitation to Biblical Interpretation, we say that “the canon of the Old Testament is not an arbitrary list of books thrown together or decided upon in a haphazard manner. Rather, biblical writers were constantly informed and constrained by God’s Word during the process of constructing the full body of the Old Testament” (154). Take Deuteronomy 16:18–20, for example. This important passage outlines laws and regulations for rulers. This criterion is then used in Joshua–Kings as a way of evaluating rulers based on that standard. The canon is more than just a list of books that happens to be grouped together; these books have been put together by divine intent. Since the books of the Old Testament are compiled intentionally, it follows that we should also read the Bible canonically. This kind of reading can be done by giving special attention to theological themes that appear throughout the canon. This chapter covers the themes of law, exodus, and covenant. Again, these themes are not independent of one another; all three come together at Mount Sinai (Exod 19:3–6). We should begin our discussion of biblical law by defining our terms. The word “law” should not be seen as a rule given by a distant lawgiver, but rather as a more personal kind of instruction. Many have attempted to classify the various Old Testament laws; the most famous of these classifications is the tripartite classification of moral, ceremonial, and civil laws. But there is a better way forward: “Rather than reading Old Testament laws in order to decide to which category they belong or which of these laws are absolute and universally binding standards ... the careful interpreter should see them as part of the broad narrative in which they are found” (164). By interpreting the law through this lens, we can understand that the law was originally given to and designed for Israel and has now been superseded by the new covenant (cf. Jer 31:31–34; Ezek 37:24–28; Gal 2:15–16). Yet the Old Testament still contains principles and lessons that Christians can apply to their specific lives in an enriching and encouraging way. The exodus marks a significant turning point in the life of God’s people. It is one of the most remembered and repeated events in Old Testament history: “God’s faithful believers often remembered the Lord’s provision in the exodus in their praises (e.g., Pss. 66:3–6; 114; 135:8–9)” (170). The exodus was also recorded as a warning of coming judgment on those who do not remember God’s deliverance and goodness (e.g., Jer 2:5–9; 7:21–29; 11:14–17). God’s redemption through the exodus is similar to our final theme: covenant. There are two main types of covenants: one is known as the suzerain treaty in which a superior party (the suzerain) makes a formal agreement with a lesser party (the vassal). There are many biblical covenants that resemble a suzerain treaty including the entire book of Deuteronomy. These treaties contain many conditional requirements. The second type of covenant is called a royal grant. This kind of covenant contains unconditional promises given by a beneficent king. God’s promises to Noah (Gen 9:1–17) and David (2 Sam 7:8–16) closely resemble the royal grant type. All in all, there are five main biblical covenants: the Noahic, Abraham, Mosaic, Davidic, and New Covenants. While there are other covenant structures and forms, these five covenants provide significant structure to the narrative of the Old Testament. The New Testament Canon: The Gospels, Acts, Epistles, and Apocalypse How did Jesus interpret the Old Testament? Jesus interpreted “in all the Scriptures the things concerning himself” (Luke 24:27). “Here,” then, “is the heart of the theology of the Old Testament—the message about the Christ—and here is the heart of New Testament theology: the fulfillment of the Old Testament message about Christ in Jesus of Nazareth, the Son of God” (210). Where does Jesus fit into the New Testament canon? Jesus did not physically write any of the books of the New Testament. All we have is books about Jesus. Yet we can be sure that there is no division between the Jesus of history and the Christ of faith—the testimony of the Gospel writers is a true and reliable source for the historical Jesus. The four Gospel accounts provide the foundation for the book of Acts by showing how Jesus’ commission to his disciples then empowered them to bring the gospel to the nations. The book of Acts then provides the framework for the New Testament letters: “Peter, Paul, John, and James, all authors of New Testament epistles, are all featured in the book of Acts, which thus provides the life-setting (or perhaps better, ministry-setting) of the latter New Testament writings” (214). An Interview on Biblical Interpretation In conjunction with our new course on biblical interpretation at The Gospel Coalition, I was interviewed by Fred Zaspel at Books at a Glance. In Part 3, we discuss the importance of literature and specifically the canon. You can listen below:
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Electric Bicycles and Electrical Power Aided Bicycles offer several benefits to commuters supplying inexpensive transportation out and about. Since fundamental essentials bikes which aren’t too effective, it’s classed like a bicycle. Electric bicycles carry rechargeable batteries which may be billed with mains electricity or from renewable sources for example solar and – or wind power, and they also are extremely cheap to operate. Electric bicycles cope well with hillsides and transporting lots of luggage. There’s two primary kinds of electric bicycle: individuals having a separate throttle around the handlebars that are known as E-bikes and individuals with pedal sensors known as pedelecs to complement electrical power towards the effort you’re investing in. Lighter bikes can also be found beginning around 20kg for any 16′′ wheel model with battery, or perhaps less for any more costly lithium ion battery and folding aluminium frame. Electric bicycles weigh under 40kg and aren’t rated over 250 Watts, powered speed is 16mph or lower, the bike has working pedals, and riders are gone 14 years of age. There is no need to put on a bike helmet when riding an electrical bicycle. When the bike is simply too heavy, too effective, or too quickly then it’s classed as moped and should be taxed and insured etc. Electric bicycles can climb a hill with no the aid of the rider. A twist grip throttle can be used to manage speed. Power-on-demand bikes are frequently a little heavier due to the more effective motor and battery. Although able to pushing you along without your help, electric bikes perform noticeably better whenever you pedal, particularly with the 24v models. The typical electric bicycles can vary as much as 25 miles with minimal effort, having a recharge duration of several hrs. Power, when activated with a turn on the handlebar (power-on-demand) or as a result of your pedaling, provides you with an instantaneous, nearly silent push. Whenever you release the switch or stop pedaling, the motor coasts or “freewheels” like whenever you stop pedaling a normal bike. Standard electric bicycles have hands brakes and gearing round for that controls. “Power-on-demand” means exactly that – no pedaling needed! This is the way our 48 volt super durable bikes operate. I rode all of them a passenger on back for 30 miles with hardly pedaling whatsoever! Although all electric (or “electric-assist”) bikes are made to use your pedaling, power-on-demand enables you to definitely break the rule.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Kids love to eat jam and jelly. - 1 kg grapes - 8 tbl spoon sugar - 1/2 teaspoon corn flour - 1 lemon(if grapes are sweet) How to make: - Place grapes in a sauce pan and mash with potato masher. - Place the sauce pan over medium -high heat until grapes are soft and juicy. - Remove from heat and let it cool for 30 mints. - Press pulp mixture through a sieve in a sauce pan. - Add sugar,boil rapidly on high heat. - Now at this point jam should be pretty thick. - To check the thickness of jam,take 2-3 drops of jam in a spoon and refrigerate for 1 mint. - After 1 mint,take out spoon ,if jam is stay where it is in a spoon,means jam is ready. - Now pour the jam into jar and let them cool in room temperature. - Use with bread slice and can also use in making pie. If grapes are sweet ,squeeze lemon into juice at the time of adding sugar.If grapes are sour,no need to add sugar.
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Before Sunrise - Editorial - Grand Gaming Community Before Sunrise Said by Danse Macabre 6 months ago That's how I feel about Linklater's Before Sunrise. A movie that's basically about two people blabbering for an hour and a half, but at the same time it has varying degrees of sincerity, and emotional intensity that you don't find in a lot of romance films. I just like the bittersweet nature of the romance between the two leads.
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
BBC NEWS Americas Africa Europe Middle East South Asia Asia Pacific BBC News World Edition You are in: UK News Front Page Middle East South Asia N Ireland Talking Point Country Profiles In Depth BBC Sport BBC Weather Wednesday, 13 October, 1999, 08:58 GMT 09:58 UK Poet Laureate remembers Paddington victims Rescuers hard at work after the accident near Paddington Poet Laureate Andrew Motion has composed a poem in memory of those killed in the Paddington rail disaster. 14k modems 28k modems 56k modems London Train Crash Motion said he was wrote the poem after feeling "incredibly upset" by the crash. The poem, entitled Cost of Life, describes the moments immediately before the accident and deals with the terror of the impact and the grief of losing loved ones. Andrew Motion: "Imagine what happens after - but not for long" Motion started composing the poem last week and finished it over the weekend. He said: "Like so many other people, I was touched by and shared the sense of grieving across the country at this dreadful event - I was incredibly upset. "I felt the poem was something I could do as Poet Laureate but also there was a poem there to be written and it was something that I wanted to do." The 75-line verse could be read at any future memorial service for victims of the crash. This is the full text of Cost of Life, composed by Andrew Motion and published in The Independent: Imagine that autumn dawn coming to grips with a country station: the way light slips along the silver stitch-mark of the rails, first, then strikes the waiting-room and lets its colours burst. Imagine next the people waiting for their train - cold feet scuffing the Tarmac's faint frost-grain, that man there with a Kleenex-snippet stuck on his shaving cut, this woman here with a fleck of lipstick on a front tooth, and no one talking yet, but nodding, or half-smiling, or slow-walking to stare off the platform's end into open country: cattle still in their yards, fields lush and empty. Then imagine the train lashing its hard bend, the track tingling, doors clunking, someone lend- ing a hand to someone, taking care with the gap; remember the palaver, the brisk insistence, the drop into a seat - mine! - then the cast-away gaze out through a cloudy window at the dripping maze of hedges ruffling in the slip-stream, the wet cars burrowing in lanes, the now-here/now-gone regular whack of a farm, or an allotment-quilt. Imagine the sun full-on at last, and clouds melting from the Cotswolds into the Thames Valley, villages unravelling into towns, more stops, the carriages jam-packed now, and papers crackling, the bass line of a Walkman, a laptop, a mobile phone, and the brick terraces crushing closer, their black walls swirling graffiti, damp-dribbles, quick shadow-spills from fly-overs and scaffolding, then opening ahead towards the city, its slate-acres hammered out like lead. Then imagine what happens after - but not for long. Imagine a single nipped-off second hung between one moment and the next - a time-dot in which train, carriages, everything is flung out- side the world's hard limits of mass and space and rises up weightless, torn from its proper place. Then imagine all this weltering down through gravity onto the earth again; sleek carriages now sealed chambers where windows hold tight, ghost-people clamber so wild and desperate their whole expression is O, where furious quick dust-storms smear a dry dew- fall on what survives of tables, chairs, head-rests, where daily lives doing no more than their best to stay daily, and continue by daily laws, are shredded or simply threshed open by fear which solves nothing, where the unearthly stink rises of what no one will want to name or think about later, where even a puffed-up speckled cloud cannot hide or drown the continuing flame-slides and metal shrieks, the heartbroken animal cries, the pop of strong wood giving way, the thin fly- away whip of cables snapping, the reedy phone still weeping in the ash-mess hiding human bone. In the end imagine how large a silence will descend as the track is cleared - silence like familiar clay turned into a mist which stays Invisible but works its way back up the rails along the valley floor, and so enters the towns where one strand or another goes off by itself to fill the vacant space which recently was someone's lived-in place. And yet the mist appears to grow the more it travels - swelling where the rails slice back across a lattice-work of lanes until it finds the Cotswolds and thins out again - this whisp here escaping underneath a bolted door, that one slipping through a bed- room window left ajar, and there, that third one, slumping at a kitchen table where a man sits down alone, and stares like everyone alone will stare and see no more than featureless and wasted air. BBC News' Jane Bennett-Powell reports Lord Macdonald: "This is something that Railtrack has accepted and indeed welcomed" Labour MP Gwynneth Dunwoody:"A lot of things were recommended a year ago" The BBC's Steven Evans: Political issue of rail safety is rising dramatically The BBC's Jon Braine: "A search of the underside has failed to find further human remains" See also: 11 Oct 99 | UK 10 Oct 99 | UK E-mail this story to a friend Links to more UK stories © BBC ^^ Back to top
|
mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
|
default
| 0.37
|
Research papers can make or break you. They are ways of testing how much you know, how detail oriented you are, and how you assess various subjects that are important in the world today. But what if you have no idea what to research on and what to write about? Well, never fear. Here is a list of the best research paper topics you can use yourself! - College Athletics: Should College Athletes be paid? - Single Sex Schools: Is it true that children learn better when they study in single sex schools? (i.e., boys only/ girls only) - Examinations: Should examinations be replaced with another form of educational assessment? (especially because not everyone is gifted with sharp memories, but actually excel in other facets of education) - Pornography and the Use of Parental Filters Online: Do Parental Filters work, or does it just increase the amount of curiosity teenagers have about Pornography? - Art: What is the line between art and religion? (i.e., how the Virgin Mary was depicted by Chris Ofili with elephant dung a few years back, etc) - Media and Racial Bias: Do news programs favor whites? (i.e., how blacks are called “terrorists” and “gangsters” during attacks, whereas whites do not get called that way) - Religion: Is there one true religion? - Health Care Crisis: What makes healthcare so expensive in the United States, and how could the situation be improved? - Animal Rights: How will animals rights be improved, and when will they stop being used for recreational purposes? - Abortion: What is the difference of being Pro-life and being Pro-fetus? - Internet: Have children gotten smarter because of the internet? Or is it the other way around? - Internet and the Music Industry: How the music industry has been affected by prevalent digital downloading - Medical Marijuana: Benefits and Hazards - Suicide Rate: Why are more and more people committing suicide? - Society’s Portrayal of Women: What it does to one’s self-esteem - Interpersonal Communication: How online communication dampened real life conversations - Wage Inequality: Why women still earn just 75 cents for every dollar that a man earns—and why the system needs to be changed - HIV: Are there any available treatments for afflicted people, and how effective are they? - Identity Theft: How easy it is to steal one’s identity these days - Cyber Bullying: Why it is dangerous Try using these topics and you’ll surely get everyone’s attention. Can’t write the research paper on your own? Try order one at Essay Edge writing service. Good Luck!
|
HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
|
default
| 0.333
|
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.