Sampled Datasets
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Random samples from large datasets, for convenience.
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stringlengths 0
19.5k
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https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%AE%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B9%20%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
مخلفات الزوابع الأخيرة
|
https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=مخلفات الزوابع الأخيرة&action=history
|
Arabic
|
Spoken
| 593
| 1,769
|
مخلفات الزوابع الأخيرة، هي رواية للاديب جمال ناجي نشرت في العام 1988 من قبل المؤسسة العربية للدراسات والنشر - بيروت.
اعتبر عدد من النقاد أن هذه الرواية هي أفضل ما كتبه جمال ناجي حتى العام 1988، ورؤوا انها رواية المكان بامتياز، حيث أقام الروائي معماره الفني بعد تصفير المكان والزمان، والابتداء بتشييد مدينة جديدة ببيوتها وشوارعها ومحالها التجارية وسكانها وعلاقاتهم الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية والعاطفية، ومما يميز هذه الرواية أنها تتناول جوهر حياة الغجر، بعيدا عن الصورة النمطية التي درجت العادة على التعامل من خلالها مع الغجر، وهي صورة الغجريات الراقصات اللواتي يرفهن عن الآخرين. جمال ناجي في روايته هذه يهمش هذه الصورة النمطية المسطحة ليغوص في ميثولوجيا الغجر ونشأتهم وعاداتهم وتقاليدهم وأسباب تشتتهم منذ ولادة جدهم الأول، مرورا بما يتهمون به من أنهم رفضوا إيواء مريم العذراء في خيمتهم أثناء هربها، وانتهاء بتفرقهم في أنحاء الأرض، يأتي هذا في سياق انثيال الذاكرة الغجرية في الرواية، وهو ما يتم استحضاره خلال فترة انضمامهم إلى مدينة الوادي التي شيدها الروائي، واختلط فيها الغجر والفلاحون والبدو ليشكلوا بمرور الزمن مجتمعا مدينيا قادرا على التعايش رغم اختلاف الثقافات والمرجعيات خصوصا بين الغجر والآخرين.
ملخص الرواية
تبدأ أحداث الرواية مع غجري اسمه (سبلو) وزوجته (بهاج) وابنته (هجير)، حيث يقرر سبلو الانفصال عن الغجر والعيش في الوادي الذي يسمى فيما بعد (وادي الغجر)، وحيث ان الوادي يكون مقفرا وخاليا من البيوت باستثناء بيت عثمان أبو بركه، فان سبلو وزوجته يجدان صعوبة في العيش فيه، خصوصا بعد أن يتنبها إلى وجود مجموعة من المجرمين يعيشون في كهوف في أعالي الجبال المحيطة بالوادي، وهنا تبدأ هواجس سبلو وتخوفاته من حدوث مكروه له أو لزوجته أو ابنته، وفي إحدى الليالي يعود إلى بيته فيجد زوجته التي أحبها(بهاج) مقتولة بفظاعة، ويصير همه بعدها العثور على قاتلها بعد أن تداهم الشرطة كهوف المجرمين وتشتبك معهم ويفرون من منطقة الوادي.
يأتي إلى الوادي سكان جدد يقيمون فيه ويدفعون أثمان الأراضي إلى (عثمان أبو بركه) الذي يدعي ملكيته لكل الوادي، وتأتي جموع الغجر إلى الوادي أيضا بعد أن يشاهدوا بيت سبلو ويتلمسون إمكانية الاستقرار وفضائله، وتتوارد أسر كثيرة إلى المكان وتنشأ علاقات اجتماعية واقتصادية بين السكان بحكم نمو الحياة في الوادي وتطورها الذي يتزامن مع بحث سبلو عن قاتل زوجته وآلامه المقيمة التي لا يستطيع الخلاص منها، وتلعب ابنته (هجير) دورا رئيسيا في استرجاع معنى الحياة في بيته، وتزداد نضارة وتعيش قصة حب مع (جبر) ابن عثمان أبو بركة الأمر الذي يستفز أهله (الفلاحين) الذين يرفضون ارتباط جبر بفتاة غجرية (هجير) لكن جبر يصر على هذه العلاقة مما يثير حفيظة شقيقه (سلمان أبو بركة) الذي يخوض معه صراعا مكشوفا، إلى حد أنه يتحالف مع (نزار أبو خنجر) وهو واحد من المجرمين الذين نجوا من مداهمة الشرطة واختفوا دون أن يعرفهم أحد.
لكن يفاجأ سكان الوادي بأن الأرض التي اقاموا بيوتهم ومصالحهم عليها منذ عشرين عاما ليست ملكا لعثمان أبو بركه الذي تسلم منهم المال وسلمهم مقابلها(حجج بيع)، انما هي لشخص آخر (معروف المعروف) الذي يصر على استرداد ارضه أو تقاضي ثمنها من السكان بالأسعار السائدة عند ظهوره، وهنا تنشأ الاصطفافات والانتفاضات في الوادي ضد معروف وما يمثله، ويتماسك السكان في البداية، لكن هذا التماسك يبدأ بالتفتت تحت ضغط الحكم القضائي وتدخل سلمان أبو بركه ونزار أبو خنجر اللذان يعقدان صفقة مع صاحب الأرض مقابل الدور المتخاذل الذي يقومان به لصالحه.
في النهاية ورغم شراسة الصراعات في الوادي حول ملكية الأرض، فإن سبلو يشعر بأن لا مكان له في هذا المجتمع الذي أودى بحياة زوجته منذ أعوام طويلة، لكن ابنته هجير تختلف معه بسبب تعايشها منذ طفولتها مع هذا المجتمع وتحولها إلى جزء منه، الأمر الذي يضيف إلى آلام سبلو آلاما وعذابات جديدة.
المسلسل التلفزيوني
تم تحويل هذه الرواية إلى مسلسل تلفزيوني من إنتاج المركز العربي للإنتاج الفني.
مراجع
روايات 1982
روايات 1988
روايات أردنية
روايات متلفزة
| 27,239
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https://joomla.stackexchange.com/questions/15029
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,016
|
Stack Exchange
|
https://joomla.stackexchange.com/users/1538, jonboy
|
English
|
Spoken
| 160
| 221
|
What steps shoud I include in a health check on an existing Joomla website I am being asked to look after?
I am sometimes asked to adopt orphaned Joomla websites when the original service provider is no longer able or available to do so.
What steps should I include in a health check before agreeing to take on this responsibility?
Have a read of this http://joomla.stackexchange.com/questions/15009/site-clean-up-tips
This is a risk when you don't know how the previous programmer developed the website.
First of all check all extensions installed and if they are updated.
If not, check if the extension has an available update and it's still supported... alternatively look for a similar extension to switch with.
Check also the template version (responsive?) and if it contains lot of overrides...
In general you should adopt the website only if the owner understand that the website must be kept updated and it could require spending something on upgrading or buying new extension.
| 29,842
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/63901608
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,020
|
Stack Exchange
|
Gordon Linoff, Prateek, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1144035, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3359893, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3706016, jarlh
|
English
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Spoken
| 156
| 249
|
SQL to get two column records in one column
I have two tables, both contain field telephone_number. I want to find all the distinct/unique telephone numbers from both the table. Can this be done?
For eg
Table A
telephone_number
123
123
345
Table B
telephone_number
1234
123
678
Output Table
123
345
678
1234
thanks
Sorry for formatting
Sample data, desired results, and an unambiguous explanation would hep. Do you want a list of unique telephone numbers in both tables? Do you want telephone numbers that are only in one table? Do you want telephone numbers that appear only once?
Sorry about that, i was adding example but was struggling with formatting.
Why do you store phone numbers in two different tables?
They are coming from different data sources.
If you want the distinct telephone numbers in both tables, use union:
select telephone_number
from t1
union -- on purpose to remove duplicates
select telephone_number
from t2;
| 27,529
|
https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helius%20%28Rhampholimnobia%29%20reticularis
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Helius (Rhampholimnobia) reticularis
|
https://min.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helius (Rhampholimnobia) reticularis&action=history
|
Minangkabau
|
Spoken
| 42
| 114
|
Helius (Rhampholimnobia) reticularis adolah langau dari famili Limoniidae. Langau ko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Langau iko biasonyo tingga di tampek lambok. Larvanyo biasonyo dapek ditamukan habitatnyo di paraiaran ataupun semi parairan.
Rujuakan
Limoniidae
| 92
|
hjaQgQ_LufE_1
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Youtube-Commons
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Open Web
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CC-By
| null |
Hend maintains share of lead | Round 3 highlights | New Zealand Open presented by SKY SPORT 2024
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None
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English
|
Spoken
| 238
| 308
|
Well, we expect a drama on day three of the New Zealand Open presented by Sky Sport at the Mulbook Resort in New Zealand, South Ireland, and we certainly got it. It was a congested leaderboard at the start of the day and remains that way at the completion of round three. Here in Snimon from South Africa, Birdie's the 18th. Brilliant Hong Kong youngster, Tai Chi Kou, hit his second to the Power 5 14th, managed to find the top level and two-putted for Birdie. Long-hitting Japanese star, Hatachi would also birdie the same hole soon after. A few New Zealanders are in the mix, but their hopes currently align with Josh Geary. He birdied from behind the green at the 15th. Joint third-round leader, Matt Griffin, got his round off to a brilliant start. Here he hits his second to the first. At the 16th, he had this tremendously difficult part across the green and across the ridge under yet another birdie. But on the same hole soon after, second-round leader, Scott Hand, hit the perfect approach which stopped on the top of the ridge and fared down into the hole for an eagle to get to 13 under par after what had been a fairly slow round to that point. He was forced to lay up at the Power 5 17th and this was his third to set up yet another birdie for the day..
| 45,207
|
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44934389
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,017
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Stack Exchange
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Adam Ježek, Shawn, https://stackoverflow.com/users/1970497, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6357453
|
English
|
Spoken
| 366
| 638
|
JOIN, ORDER BY and GROUP BY in same statement
I have two tables - results and contestants. Result table cointains
result_id (PK)
resul_contestant (who scored this)
value (how much did he scored)
result_discipline(where he scored this)
contestants table cointains
contestant_id (PK)
contestant_name
contestant_category
What I want to do is to select results for all contestants, but I only want to show one result per contestant - the highest (lowest) one.
So far I managed to do this:
SELECT * FROM contenstants
JOIN results ON result_contestant = contenstant_id
WHERE result_discipline = 1 AND contestant_category = 1
ORDER BY value DESC
GROUP BY contenstant_id;
However, this gives me syntax error. If I delete the GROUP BY line, I got results ordered from highest, but if any of the contestants scored in this discipline more than once, I got all of his scores.
If I delete the ORDER BY line, I got only one result per contestant, but it returns the first record in db, not the highest one.
How to fix this command to be valid? Also, there are some less_is_better disciplines, where I want the lowest score, but as far as I could use the ORDER BY on final query, it should be achieved by replacing DESC with ASC.
Thanks.
I started to give a ROW_NUMER() answer, but then realized that this is MySQL, and I don't think MySQL has this window function yet. However, that should point you in the right direction. Also see https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/40130/mysql-and-window-functions
Don't use group by. Using select * with group by just doesn't make sense. Instead, use a filter to get the row you want:
SELECT *
FROM contenstants c JOIN
results r
ON r.result_contestant = c.contestant_id
WHERE r.result_discipline = 1 AND c.contestant_category = 1 AND
r.value = (select min(r2.value)
from results r2
where r2.result_contestant = r.result_contestant and
r2.result_discipline = r.result_discipline
)
ORDER BY value DESC;
Note: I'm not sure if you want min() or max() in the subquery.
Thanks, that did the job. However, I noticed that if a contestant had the same score twice, he is shown twice. But I could take care of this in adding results, as there is no reason why having two same records in db.
| 7,741
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acraea%20andromacha
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Acraea andromacha
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acraea andromacha&action=history
|
English
|
Spoken
| 113
| 263
|
Acraea andromacha, the glasswing or small greasy, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Australia, New Guinea and surrounding islands. See the subspecies section for more details.
The wingspan is about 60 mm.
The larvae feed on Adenia heterophylla, Passiflora cinnabarina, Passiflora herbertiana, Passiflora foetida, Passiflora mollissima, Passiflora suberosa, Passiflora subpeltata, Hybanthus aurantiacus and Hybanthus enneaspermus.
Subspecies
Acraea andromacha andromacha (Timor Sea, Northern Australia to New South Wales)
Acraea andromacha sanderi Rothschild, 1893 (Papua New Guinea)
Acraea andromacha oenome Kirby, 1889 (Islands of South-Eastern coast of Papua)
References
External links
Australian Caterpillars
Images representing Acraea andromacha at Bold
andromacha
Butterflies described in 1775
Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius
| 50,594
|
https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles%20algeriensis
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Anopheles algeriensis
|
https://min.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anopheles algeriensis&action=history
|
Minangkabau
|
Spoken
| 32
| 87
|
Anopheles algeriensis adolah saikua rangik dari famili Culicidae. Spesies ko juo marupokan bagian dari ordo Diptera, kelas Insecta, filum Arthropoda, dan kingdom Animalia.
Spesies iko mahisok darah dari vertebrata hiduik.
Rujuakan
Culicidae
| 8,512
|
https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recopa%20Sudamericana%201993
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Recopa Sudamericana 1993
|
https://cs.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Recopa Sudamericana 1993&action=history
|
Czech
|
Spoken
| 56
| 137
|
Čtvrtý ročník Recopa Sudamericana byl odehrán ve dnech 26. září a 29. září 1993. Ve vzájemném dvouzápase se střetli vítěz Poháru osvoboditelů v ročníku 1992 – São Paulo FC a vítěz Supercopa Sudamericana v ročníku 1992 – Cruzeiro Esporte Clube.
1. zápas
2. zápas
Vítěz
Reference
Fotbal v roce 1993
Zápasy São Paulo FC
Zápasy Cruzeira
| 25,864
|
https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carsten%20Meyer
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Carsten Meyer
|
https://nds.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carsten Meyer&action=history
|
Low German
|
Spoken
| 43
| 106
|
Carsten Meyer is de Naam von
* Carsten Meyer (* 1961), düütschen Politiker,
Carsten Meyer (* 1972), düütschen Kumponist, Musiker un Schauspeler,
Carsten Meyer-Heder (* 1961), düütschen Politiker un Ünnernehmer,
Carsten Meyer-Tönnesmann (* 1954), düütschen Kunsthistoriker un Schriever.
Kiek ok bi: Karsten Meyer.
| 17,652
|
https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%A4unlingen
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Bräunlingen
|
https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bräunlingen&action=history
|
Malay
|
Spoken
| 13
| 48
|
Bräunlingen merupakan sebuah kota terletak di munisipaliti Schwarzwald-Baar-Kreis, Baden-Württemberg, Jerman.
Bandar di Jerman
| 6,207
|
https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kigeli%20V%20Ndahindurwa
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa
|
https://fi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kigeli V Ndahindurwa&action=history
|
Finnish
|
Spoken
| 310
| 860
|
Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (29. kesäkuuta 1936 Kamembe, Ruanda-Urundi – 16. lokakuuta 2016 Washington D.C., Yhdysvallat) oli Ruandan viimeinen kuningas vuosina 1959–1961. Alkuperäiseltä nimeltään kuningas oli Jean-Baptiste. Hän kävi koulunsa Ruandassa ja Kongon demokraattisessa tasavallassa.
Kun kuningas Mutara Rudahigwasta tuli Ruandan kuningas vuonna 1931, hän aloitti maareformin tutsien ja hutujen välillä. Kuningas kuoli salaperäisesti Bujumburassa Burundissa vuonna 1959. Hänen veljestään Jean-Baptiste Ndahindurwasta tuli uusi kuningas. Hutut aloittivat helmikuussa 1959 kapinan, jota todellisuudessa rahoitti ja tuki Belgian armeija. Vuonna 1961 Kigeli V oli Kinshasassa, missä hän tapasi YK:n pääsihteerin Dag Hammarskjöldin. Samaan aikaan Belgian hallitus pakotti Kigelin maanpakoon. Kigeli asui maanpaossa Dar-es-Salaamissa Tansaniassa 1961–1962, mutta muutti Nairobiin Keniaan, missä hän asui 1963–1971. Vuonna 1972 hän muutti Kampalaan Ugandaan ja asui siellä vuoteen 1978 asti. Hän muutti takaisin Nairobiin, missä hän asui 1979–1992. Washingtoniin Yhdysvaltoihin hän muutti vuonna 1992. Kigeli asui myös Oaktonissa, Virginiassa.
Maanpaossa Kigeli puhui ja kirjoitti aktiivisesti Ruandan demokraattisesta tilanteesta. Ruandan kansanmurhan uhreja hän muisti pystyttämällä muistomerkkejä. Hän luennoi Ruandan kulttuurista ja poliittisesta tilanteesta yliopistoissa ympäri maailmaa. Etelä-Afrikan entinen presidentti Nelson Mandela kuului kuninkaan ystäviin.
Vuonna 2007 kuningas ilmoitti, että hän voisi palata Ruandaan, mutta vain jos saa asemansa takaisin.
Kigeli kuoli sydän- ja verisuonitautiin aamulla sairaalassa Washington, D.C.:ssä 16. lokakuuta 2016. Kigeli ei koskaan avioitunut, joka kuuluu ehtona siihen että hän ei saisi oikeutta hallita kuninkaana silloin kun on ollut avioliitossa ulkomailla.
Vaikka Kigeli ei koskaan avioitunut. 9. tammikuuta 2017 kuninkaallinen hovi kuitenkin ilmoitti, että hänen veljenpoikansa, prinssi Emmanuel Bushayija (hallitsija nimellä Juhi VI) seuraa häntä kuninkaana Ruandan valtaistuimelle. Emmanuel Bushayija on Kigelin velipuolen prinssi William Bushayijan poika. Emmanuel on Britannian kansalainen ja asuu nykyään Suur-Manchesterin alueella, Britanniassa ja on aiemmin työskennellyt PepsiColle Ugandassa.
Kigelin kuoleman jälkeen paljastui, että hänellä oli ainakin yksi tytär, Jacqueline Rwivanga, joka oli avioliitossa Andrew Rugasin kanssa vuosina 1998–2015 ja on viiden lapsen äiti.
Lähteet
Ruandalaiset henkilöt
Kuninkaat
Vuonna 1936 syntyneet
Vuonna 2016 kuolleet
| 26,114
|
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/47414897
|
StackExchange
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,017
|
Stack Exchange
|
Frank van Puffelen, Grimthorr, JDoe, MarcGV, https://stackoverflow.com/users/209103, https://stackoverflow.com/users/2754146, https://stackoverflow.com/users/6437300, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8740647
|
English
|
Spoken
| 615
| 1,131
|
Android - Firebase not inserting correctly
I have an application where I use a Google Maps MapView. With my map, I can insert markers which I save to the Firebase Realtime database. I have a FirebaseMarker class:
public class FirebaseMarker {
String address;
String time;
double latitude;
double longitude;
...
}
In my fragment, I have a HashMap, where I put push-keys and the markers. When a button is pressed these markers are saved to the database.
public class MapFragment extends Fragment implements OnMapReadyCallback {
HashMap<String, Object> markers = new HashMap<>();
public void onMapReady(final GoogleMap googleMap) {
String markerIds = userRef.push().getKey();
FirebaseMarker marker = new FirebaseMarker(address, time, latitude, longitude);
markers.put(markerIds, marker);
}
private void saveToDatabase(){
userRef.child(sharedPreferences.getString("school", null)).child("markers").updateChildren(markers);
}
}
This works fine, but I also want to add the same markers with just a few properties (PartialMarker) inside a different node in Firebase. This gives me problems, as there is always one partial marker missing in the database. So if I put 3 markers on the map, only 2 partial markers are saved in the database inside the node. What I have done:
public class PartialMarker {
String address;
String time;
..
}
Then I do:
public class MapFragment extends Fragment implements OnMapReadyCallback {
HashMap<String, Object> partialMarkers= new HashMap<>();
public void onMapReady(final GoogleMap googleMap) {
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : markers.entrySet()) {
String key = entry.getKey();
FirebaseMarker marker = (FirebaseMarker) entry.getValue();
partialMarkers.put(key, new PartialMarker(marker.getAddress(), marker.getTime()));
}
}
private void saveToDatabase(){
userRef.child(sharedPreferences.getString("school", null)).child("markers").updateChildren(markers);
userRef.child(sharedPreferences.getString("school", null)).child("routes").child(routeId).child("partialMarkers").updateChildren(partialMarkers);
}
}
The markers node:
The partial markers node:
When do you use saveToDatabase()? Add your full code.
Your code looks OK, so there might be some other issue - can you share your complete code sample? As a quick test: if you create both markers at the same time, so when you do: FirebaseMarker marker = new FirebaseMarker([...]), also do: PartialMarker partialMarker = new PartialMarker([...]) and put them in the different maps, there should always be the correct numbers of items in each list. It's likely that you're creating the PartialMarker map out of sync with the FirebaseMarker map.
As @Grimthorr says, most likely the partial marker map is getting out of sync. Put a breakpoint in saveToDatabase() and count the length of both maps. If they are indeed the same, can you try to isolate the problem in a small fragment that I can run? So something with hard-coded values that we can copy/paste into an app to test.
Here is the full code: https://pastebin.com/d2qUkAvS
@Grimthorr I tested the number of items in each HashMap using the size method, and the number of items in both the maps are exactly the same, every time I add a marker.
The maps does not seem to get out of sync when the markers are added. Could there be another problem?
On line 132 of your Pastebin, you are iterating over the markers map before you've added the new marker at line 142, so I don't think the maps are the same size. See my answer - it might be easier to create both the Marker and the PartialMarker at the same time, rather than iterating over the markers map each time.
This is likely an issue with iterating over the markers map before the newest Marker has been added to it, so the maps then don't contain the same number of items.
I'd recommend creating both markers at the same time, something like:
String markerId = userRef.push().getKey();
FirebaseMarker marker = new FirebaseMarker(address, time, latitude, longitude);
PartialMarker partialMarker = new PartialMarker(address, time)
markers.put(markerId, marker);
partialMarkers.put(markerId, partialMarker);
This way, it's guaranteed that both maps have the same number of items.
Thanks for your answer. This works perfectly. I have accepted your answer :)
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https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%20%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%85%20%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B8%20%D0%AD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9
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CC-By-SA
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Собор святых земли Эстонской
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https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Собор святых земли Эстонской&action=history
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Russian
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Собо́р святы́х земли́ Эсто́нской (также Собор Святых, в земле Эстонской просиявших, Собор Эстонских святых, эст. Eestimaa Pühakute kogu) — православный праздник (собор).
Установлен в Русской православной церкви и Эстонской православной церкви Московского патриархата в честь православных святых, чья жизнь была связана с Эстонией. Совершатся 18 ноября (1 декабря по новому стилю).
История
Собор был установлен 22 июля 2002 года указом патриарха Московского и всея Руси Алексия II по ходатайству митрополита Таллинского и Эстонского Корнилия.
Согласно указу была написана и икона «Собор святых земли Эстонской», которая находится в Таллинском Александро-Невском кафедральном соборе. На иконе, кроме святых, изображены явление Божией Матери недалеко от будущего Пюхтицкого монастыря, почитаемая икона Успения Божией Матери, хранящаяся в монастыре, Успенский собор монастыря и таллинский Александро-Невский кафедральный собор. Существуют и другие иконографии праздника.
Были составлены литургические тексты, в том числе канон, в котором упоминаются имена 17 святых, которых можно разделить на три группы по времени их подвига: первая — древнейшие подвижники Православия, вторая — продолжатели благочестивых подвигов времён Российской империи; третья группа — новомученики и исповедники, пострадавшие от рук советской власти.
Впервые празднование Собора святых, в земле Эстонской просиявших, состоялось 21 декабря 2002 года в Таллинском кафедральном соборе Александра Невского. Богослужение совершил митрополит Таллинский и всея Эстонии Корнилий в сослужении духовенства Эстонской церкви Московского патриархата. С тех пор подобные службы проходят ежегодно.
Список святых
Благоверный великий князь Александр Невский, в схиме Алексий († 1263, память 30 августа, 23 ноября)
Священномученик Исидор Юрьевский и с ним 72 пострадавшие († 1472, память 8 января)
Преподобная Васса Псково-Печерская († ок. 1473, память 19 марта)
Преподобный Иона Псково-Печерский († ок. 1480, память 29 марта)
Преподобный Серапион Псковский, Спасо-Елеазаровский († 1482, память 15 мая, 7 сентября)
Преподобномученик Корнилий Псково-Печерский († 1570, память 20 февраля)
Священномученик Арсений (Мацеевич), митрополит Ростовский († 1772, память 28 февраля)
Праведный Иоанн Кронштадтский, протоиерей, чудотворец († 1908, память 20 декабря)
Священномученик Иоанн Кочуров († 1917, память 31 октября)
Священномученики Александр Волков и Димитрий Чистосердов Ивангородские († 1918, память 26 декабря)
Священномученик Сергий Флоринский, Раквереский († 1918, память 17 декабря, 19 июня)
Священномученики Платон (Кульбуш), епископ Ревельский, Михаил Блейве и Николай Бежаницкий, протоиереи († 1919, память 1 января)
Святитель Агафангел (Преображенский), исповедник, митрополит Ярославский († 1923, память 3 октября)
Священномученик Николай Сиймо, пресвитер Кронштадтский († 1931, память 5 апреля)
Священномученик Карп Эльб († 1937, память 11 сентября)
См. также
Православие в Эстонии
Собор всех святых, в земле Литовской просиявших
Примечания
Ссылки
СОБОР ЭСТОНСКИХ СВЯТЫХ // «Древо»
2013-11-30 Собор Святых земли Эстонской
Собор святых Эстонской земли
Эстонские
Русские православные святые
Эстонская православная церковь Московского патриархата
Русские в Эстонии
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https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AC%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%20%28%E3%83%9E%E3%83%87%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC%E3%82%BA%E3%81%AE%E6%9B%B2%29
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アイム・レディ (マディ・ウォーターズの曲)
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https://ja.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=アイム・レディ (マディ・ウォーターズの曲)&action=history
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Japanese
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「アイム・レディ」（I'm Ready）は、アメリカ合衆国のブルース・ミュージシャン、マディ・ウォーターズが1954年に発表した楽曲。作詞・作曲はウィリー・ディクスンによる。
マディ・ウォーターズの録音
1953年、ウォーターズは知り合いのミュージシャンであるウィリー・フォスターにライヴへの参加を依頼したところ、フォスターは約束よりも1日早くウォーターズの元を訪れた。そして、ジン（本作の歌詞でも言及されている）を飲みながらウォーターズ及びウィリー・ディクスンに「俺は準備万端だぜ」と語ったことが、タイトルの由来になったという。オリジナル・ヴァージョンの録音には、ディクスン（アップライト・ベース）、リトル・ウォルター（ハーモニカ）、ジミー・ロジャーズ（ギター）、オーティス・スパン（ピアノ）、フレッド・ビロウ（ドラムス）が参加した。
ウォーターズは本作を度々再演している。1969年4月にポール・バターフィールドやマイク・ブルームフィールド等と共演したヴァージョンは、同年8月発売のアルバム『ファーザーズ・アンド・サンズ』に収録された。アルバム『ザ・ロンドン・マディ・ウォーターズ・セッションズ』（1972年）には、ロリー・ギャラガー等と共演したセッションが収録された。また、ジョニー・ウィンターがプロデュースしたアルバム『アイム・レディ』（1978年）には、1977年の録音が収録された。
カヴァー
デイヴィ・グレアム - アルバム『ハット』（1969年）に収録。
ハンブル・パイ - アルバム『大地と海の歌』（1970年）に収録。ただし、同作のクレジットではディクスンが作詞、ハンブル・パイが作曲と記載されている。
バディ・ガイ - アルバム『ホールド・ザット・プレーン!』（1972年）に収録。
- アルバム『アイム・レディ』（1992年）に収録。
ポール・ロジャース - アルバム『マディ・ウォーター・ブルーズ』（1993年）に、ブライアン・メイ（ギター）をゲストに迎えたカヴァーを収録。
エアロスミス - カヴァー・アルバム『ホンキン・オン・ボーボゥ』（2004年）に収録。
ヒューバート・サムリン - アルバム『About Them Shoes』（2005年）に、エリック・クラプトン（ボーカル&ギター）をゲストに迎えたカヴァーを収録。
ヴィヴィアン・キャンベル - アルバム『ツー・サイズ・オブ・イフ』（2005年）に収録。
脚注
1954年のシングル
マディ・ウォーターズの楽曲
ウィリー・ディクスンが作詞作曲した楽曲
チェス・レコードのシングル
いむれてい
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https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1203384
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StackExchange
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Stack Exchange
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AlbertB, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/111688, https://math.stackexchange.com/users/86570, jameselmore
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English
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Pigeonhole principle: In every set of 100 integers, there exist two integers whose difference is a multiple of 37
What are the pigeons and the pigeonholes and how to prove this statements?
At first I tried to the following:
There are "100 choose 2" or 4950 pairs of integers. But I don't know how to move further.
Or if we consider the min element of the set. There are 99 pairs with the min integer in the pair. So there are at least 99 unique differencies. Don't know how it helps either.
Your title and body of the question imply different scenarios. Are you drawing sets of size $100$ or are you drawing sets of size $2$ from a set of size $100$?
@jameselmore The latter, if i get the problem right.
This is already true for every set of 38 integers. Just pack these integers into the 37 boxes corresponding to remainder modulo $37$.
The pigeons are the 100 integers. The pigeonholes are the numbers 0 to 36. Map integer
k to rem(k, 37). Since there are 100 pigeons and only 37 pigeonholes, two pigeons must go in the same pigeonhole. This means rem(k1, 37) = rem(k2, 37,), which implies that k1 − k2 is a multiple
of 37.
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldridge%20Lake%20%28lanaw%20sa%20Tinipong%20Bansa%2C%20Montana%29
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Aldridge Lake (lanaw sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aldridge Lake (lanaw sa Tinipong Bansa, Montana)&action=history
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Alang sa ubang mga dapit sa mao gihapon nga ngalan, tan-awa ang Aldridge Lake.
Lanaw ang Aldridge Lake sa Tinipong Bansa. Nahimutang ni sa kondado sa Park County ug estado sa Montana, sa sentro nga bahin sa nasod, km sa kasadpan sa Washington, D.C. metros ibabaw sa dagat kahaboga ang nahimutangan sa Aldridge Lake. Naglangkob kin og ka kilometro kwadrado. Kinahabogang dapit sa palibot ang Cinnabar Mountain, ka metros ni kahaboga ibabaw sa dagat, km sa amihanan sa Aldridge Lake. Ang mga tanom sa palibot sa Aldridge Lake kay hapit tanan kasagbotan ang ulohan sa nasod. Naglukop ni og 0.8 km gikan sa amihanan ngadto sa habagatan ug 0.3 km gikan sa sidlakan ngadto sa kasadpan.
Sa mosunod nga mga natural nga mga bahin makita sa Aldridge Lake:
Aldridge Creek (suba)
Ang klima hemiboreal. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hulyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Disyembre, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Mayo, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Oktubre, sa milimetro.
Saysay
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Mga lanaw sa Montana (estado)
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https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste%20der%20Naturdenkm%C3%A4ler%20in%20Landshut
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Liste der Naturdenkmäler in Landshut
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German
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Spoken
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Die Liste der Naturdenkmäler in Landshut nennt die Naturdenkmäler in der kreisfreien Stadt Landshut in Bayern.
Naturdenkmäler
Laut der im Oktober 2016 beschlossenen Verordnung waren in Landshut diese Naturdenkmäler nach dem bayrischen Naturschutzgesetz geschützt.
Siehe auch
Liste der Landschaftsschutzgebiete in Landshut
Liste der Geotope in Landshut
Weblinks
Interaktiver Stadtplan mit Fotos und Daten aller Naturdenkmäler
Einzelnachweise
!Naturdenkmaler
Landshut
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil%20Conservation%20Service%20Site%201a%20Dam
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Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam
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Cebuano
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Ang Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam ngalan niining mga mosunod:
Heyograpiya
Tinipong Bansa
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Callahan County), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Collin County), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Hill County), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Montague County, lat 33,65, long -97,64), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Montague County, lat 33,59, long -97,77), Texas,
Soil Conservation Service Site 1a Dam (alihan sa tubig sa Tinipong Bansa, Rockwall County), Texas,
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot 2017-02
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Tinipong Bansa
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https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%88%20%D8%A7%D9%85%20%D9%88%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%86%20%DA%A9%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B3%D8%B1
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اشفو ام ویلدن کایسر
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https://fa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=اشفو ام ویلدن کایسر&action=history
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Persian
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اشفو ام ویلدن کایسر یک منطقهٔ مسکونی در اتریش است که در ناحیه کوفستاین واقع شدهاست. اشفو ام ویلدن کایسر ۳۱٫۴۵ کیلومتر مربع مساحت دارد ۷۴۵ متر بالاتر از سطح دریا واقع شدهاست.
خواهرخوانده
شهر ووملژم خواهرخواندهٔ اشفو ام ویلدن کایسر هست.
جستارهای وابسته
فهرست شهرهای اتریش
منابع
پیوند به بیرون
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https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encarnaci%C3%B3n%20Tabares%20Plasencia
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Encarnación Tabares Plasencia
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Encarnación Tabares Plasencia (* 1973 in San Bartolomé auf Lanzarote) ist eine spanische Juristin, Übersetzerin und Sprachwissenschaftlerin.
Seit 2003 lehrt sie im Bereich iberoromanische Sprach- und Übersetzungswissenschaft am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie (IALT) an der Universität Leipzig.
Leben und beruflicher Werdegang
Von 1992 bis 1997 studierte sie an der Philologischen Fakultät der Universität La Laguna Philologie und schloss das Studium mit dem Abschluss Licenciada en filología (Magister der Philologie) ab. Der Schwerpunkt lag hierbei auf Klassischer Philologie und Hispanistik.
Von 1997 bis 2002 studierte sie an der Juristischen Fakultät derselben Universität und beendete dieses Studium erfolgreich als Volljuristin.
Zeitgleich promovierte sie von 1998 bis 2004 am Institut für Hispanistik der Philologischen Fakultät der Universität La Laguna zu dem Thema El habla tradicional de la Gomera (Die traditionelle Sprache auf La Gomera). Für ihre Promotion erhielt Tabares Plasencia das Prädikat summa cum laude.
Seit 2003 lehrt sie am Institut für Angewandte Linguistik und Translatologie der Universität Leipzig. Neben ihrer Lehrtätigkeit arbeitet sie als freiberufliche Übersetzerin und publiziert in den Bereichen Linguistik, Übersetzungswissenschaft und Recht.
Tabares Plasencia ist verheiratet und lebt in Leipzig. Sie hat eine Tochter.
Forschungsschwerpunkte
Ihre Forschungsschwerpunkte sind spanische Dialektologie, Lexikographie und Phraseologie sowie Judenspanisch, komparative Linguistik und Stilistik der Fachsprachen, Terminologie und Phraseologie der Rechtssprache, Beziehungen zwischen Sprache, Literatur und Recht sowie deutschsprachige Reiseliteratur über die Kanarischen Inseln.
Lehre
Übersetzung (Einführung, allgemeinsprachliche Texte, wissenschaftliche Texte, Konferenztexte, juristische Fachtexte)
Terminologiearbeit
Kulturstudien Spaniens
Dolmetschen
Sprachpraxis Spanisch
Textanalyse
Wortbildung
Sprachwandel
Internationale Projekte und Forschungsgruppen
Mitglied der Forschungsgruppe: Can-Al (Canarias-Alemania) der Universität La Laguna (Spanien) (seit 2006).
Mitglied der Forschungsgruppe: Estudio y enseñanza de discursos especializados y nuevas tecnologías der Universität Málaga.
Mitglied des Projekts: Descripción funcional contrastiva de textos especializados en español, alemán y francés enfocada hacia la traducción (Translationsorientierte Beschreibung ausgewählter Textsorten im Sprachenpaar Spanisch – Deutsch) (mit Ausweitung auf das Sprachenpaar Französisch-Deutsch) in Zusammenarbeit mit der Universität Granada.
Mitglied der Forschungsgruppe: Estudio y enseñanza de discursos especializados y nuevas tecnologías der Universität Málaga.
Mitglied der Forschungsstelle: Judenspanisch der Universität Leipzig.
Mitglied der Forschungsgruppe: Análisis semántico del lenguaje. Projektleiter: Marcial Morera Pérez (Universität La Laguna).
Mitglied des Forschungsprojekts: Estudio global de los gentilicios en la lengua española.
Mitglied des Programms Internationale Studien- und Ausbildungspartnerschaften (ISAP) (Universität Leipzig – Universität Concepción (Chile)).
Publikationen (Auswahl)
Encarnación Tabares Plasencia hat zahlreiche Beiträge für deutsch- und spanischsprachige Fachzeitschriften verfasst.
Literatura y Derecho en el Libro de buen amor. La fábula del lobo y la raposa. Sevilla: Editorial Doble J. (2005)
Islas Canarias. Cuadros de viaje (in Zusammenarbeit mit José Juan Batista Rodríguez). La Laguna: Centro de la Cultura Popular Canaria. (2006)
Vocabulario tradicional de La Gomera. Santa Cruz de Tenerife: Academia Canaria de la Lengua. 2 Bände. (2006)
Mikrofunktionen in Arbeitsverträgen. Deutsch-spanisch (in Zusammenarbeit mit Karin Vilar Sánchez, Mirjam Reischert, Elke Krüger und Vessela Ivanova), Bern: Peter Lang (Publikation auf CD, 2007)
Translatione via facienda. Festschrift für Christiane Nord zum 65. Geburtstag (Mitherausgabe mit Gerd Wotjak und Vessela Ivanova). Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang (2009)
Tiempo, espacio y relaciones espacio-temporales en la fraseología y paremiología españolas (Mitherausgabe mit Esteban Montoro del Arco und Carsten Sinner). München: Peniope (2012)
Einzelnachweise
Übersetzungswissenschaftler
Übersetzer aus dem Deutschen
Übersetzer aus dem Französischen
Übersetzer ins Spanische
Hochschullehrer (Universität Leipzig)
Spanier
Geboren 1973
Frau
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https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Videografia%20de%20Iggy%20Azalea
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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Videografia de Iggy Azalea
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https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Videografia de Iggy Azalea&action=history
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Portuguese
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Spoken
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A videografia de Iggy Azalea, uma rapper australiana, consiste na sua participação em vinte e dois vídeos musicais (incluindo catorze como artista principal e cinco como uma artista em destaque), um filme, entre várias aparições em outras produções audiovisuais. Em 2011, Azalea publicou no YouTube seu primeiro vídeo musical para "Pu$$y", uma canção de sua mixtape de estreia, Ignorant Art, onde subsequentemente passou a se tornar um viral, ajudando a impulsionar a rapper à notoriedade, depois de compartilhar anteriormente vídeos caseiros como uma rapper underground. Ela lançou mais dois vídeos do projeto nos meses seguintes, "My World" e "The Last Song." Em 2012, ela se junta com o rapper southern T.I. em sua gravadora, a Grand Hustle. Ela foi, então, apresentada em "Murda Bizness", retirada do EP Glory, também aparecendo nos visuais, marcando o início de múltiplas colaborações entre os dois. Por esta altura, Azalea faz sua primeira aparição na televisão americana na BET Hip Hop Awards de 2012 ao lado de outros companheiros de gravadora. Azalea anunciou que iria lançar uma segunda mixtape intitulada TrapGold além de estrear um vídeo para a faixa "Bac 2 Tha Future (My Time)". Ela foi uma artista convidada no VH1 Divas de 2012.
Em 2013, Azalea assina um acordo de gravação com a Virgin EMI e Def Jam, enquanto programava o lançamento de seu álbum de estreia, The New Classic. O vídeo musical para o primeiro single, "Work", que retrata o percurso biográfico de Azalea da vida nas ruas para Hollywood depois que ela se mudou da Austrália para os Estados Unidos para iniciar uma carreira no rap, recebeu elogios da crítica e foi nomeado para o MTV Video Music Award de Best New Artist. "Bounce", o segundo single, filmado em Mumbai provocou uma discussão na representação do estilo e da cultura indiana. O vídeo para o terceiro single "Change Your Life" com participação de T.I., foi lançado no mesmo ano. Azalea também começou a fazer outras aparições na televisão e performances para promover os lançamentos.
Azalea lançou "Fancy", com participação de Charli XCX, em 2014, fazendo uma refilmagem do filme Clueless, alcançar o sucesso em todo o mundo e ganhar a sua atenção mais mainstream, incluindo quatro nomeações no MTV Video Music Awards de 2014 e uma participação no Saturday Night Live. Após o lançamento do álbum, o vídeo musical de "Black Widow", com participação de Rita Ora, estreou recebendo comparações com o filme Kill Bill, de Quentin Tarantino, com o ator Michael Madsen fazendo uma participação, além do mesmo vídeo ter recebido uma nomeação para Best Video no MTV Europe Music Awards 2014. Azalea também apresentou uma nova versão da série House of Style para o MTV.com. Ela também foi destaque em músicas de outros artistas no mesmo ano, tais como "Problem", de Ariana Grande, e "Booty", de Jennifer Lopez, aparecendo nos respectivos vídeos. Um vídeo para "Trouble", com participação de Jennifer Hudson, da reedição de seu álbum de estreia, Reclassified, também foi lançado na Vevo. Azalea co-dirigiu o vídeo de seu single colaborativo com Britney Spears, "Pretty Girls," em 2015, marcando a terceira vez que ela foi creditada oficialmente como diretora, depois de seu trabalho em "Black Widow" e "Trouble" com Director X. Ela fez sua estreia no cinema em Furious 7 (2015).
Vídeos musicais
Como intérprete
Como artista principal
Como artista convidada
Participações especiais
Filmografia
Televisão
Participações como ela mesma
Como performer
Internet
Comerciais
Ligações externas
Videografia
Iggy Azalea
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicky%20Henderson
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Wikipedia
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023
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Nicky Henderson
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https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nicky Henderson&action=history
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English
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Spoken
| 1,593
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Nicholas John Henderson (born 10 December 1950) is a British racehorse trainer. He has been British jump racing Champion Trainer six times.
Background
His father was Johnny Henderson who was one of the founders of the Racecourse Holdings Trust as well as earlier in life being Aide-de-camp to Field Marshal Montgomery. In 2005 two years after Johnny Henderson's death Cheltenham renamed one of the races at the Cheltenham Festival in his honour as the Johnny Henderson Grand Annual Chase. In 2006 Nicky Henderson won this race with a horse called Greenhope.
Henderson, educated at Eton College, has been a trainer since 1978, based at Seven Barrows near Lambourn, Berkshire. Previously he was an amateur jockey, and assistant trainer to Fred Winter between 1974 and 1978.
Achievements
His most notable successes have come with See You Then, winner of the Champion Hurdle in 1985, 1986 and 1987; Remittance Man, winner of the Queen Mother Champion Chase in 1992; Punjabi, winner of the Smurfit Kappa Champion Hurdle in 2009 at the Cheltenham Festival, Binocular, winner of the 2010 Champion Hurdle, Long Run, winner of the 2011 Cheltenham Gold Cup and Bobs Worth, winner of the 2013 Cheltenham Gold Cup. Binocular's Champion Hurdle gave Henderson a fifth win in the race, equalling the record held by Peter Easterby. Zaynar, another horse he trained, also won at the 2009 Cheltenham Festival in the Triumph Hurdle. He was Champion Trainer in the 1985/86 and 1986/87 seasons. His record at the Cheltenham Festival is particularly good and amongst currently active trainers only Willie Mullins has won more races at the Festival than Henderson. His main stable jockey was Mick Fitzgerald until Fitzgerald was forced to retire by an injury sustained in the 2008 Grand National; from the 2008–09 season until the 2014–15 season Barry Geraghty was Henderson's principal jockey in Britain. At the start of the 2015–16 season Nico de Boinville became Henderson's principal jockey after Geraghty replaced Tony McCoy as the principal jockey of J P McManus.
One of Henderson's most popular horses in recent years, Caracciola, won the Cesarewitch Handicap flat race at Newmarket in 2008 at odds of 50/1 as an 11-year-old, despite mainly being a National Hunt horse. Caracciola followed up this success by winning the Queen Alexandra Stakes at Royal Ascot in 2009 as a 12-year-old with Eddie Ahern riding on both occasions. Henderson claimed his second winner at the famous Royal Ascot meeting when Veiled won the 2011 Ascot Stakes at 11/2. In 2013 Henderson had another important win with his horse Bobs Worth (bought for only £20,000) continuing his unbeaten streak at Cheltenham with a win in the Gold Cup. This was despite Henderson raising concerns about the suitability of the soft ground before the race started.
Henderson was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2020 New Year Honours for services to horse racing.
Controversy
In June 2009, Henderson was found guilty by a British Horseracing Authority panel of breaching the rules of racing, after Moonlit Path, a mare he trains for the Queen, failed a drugs test. Henderson admitted to three of the four charges he faced in relation to the case, in which a prohibited anti-bleeding drug was found in the horse's bloodstream. Henderson accepted that the drug should not have been administered, but argued that it had been done so for the horse's welfare, and that he had not been attempting to enhance performance.
A further hearing was held in July 2009 to determine the sanction to be applied, and Henderson was fined £40,000 (a record penalty for the sport in the UK) and banned from running horses for three months (11 July to 10 October 2009). However, as Henderson is primarily a jumps trainer and this ban was during the flat season it caused him little inconvenience. He was allowed to continue training during the "ban" (which could more accurately be described as a suspension rather than a ban) but was not allowed to enter horses for the period of his ban. The majority of his flat horses were sent to his friend and fellow Lambourn trainer Barry Hills, highest profile of these horses being Caracciola. He caused a little controversy when he attended Royal Ascot when the horse ran but was not breaking any rules as he had not been "warned off" and he was a guest of Barry Hills.
Cheltenham Festival winners (73)
Cheltenham Gold Cup - (2) Long Run (2011), Bobs Worth (2013)
Champion Hurdle - (9) See You Then (1985, 1986, 1987), Punjabi (2009), Binocular (2010), Buveur d'Air (2017, 2018), Epatante (2020), Constitution Hill (2023)
Queen Mother Champion Chase - (6) Remittance Man (1992), Finian's Rainbow (2012), Sprinter Sacre (2013, 2016), Altior (2018, 2019)
Stayers' Hurdle - (2) Rustle (1989), Bacchanal (2000)
Supreme Novices' Hurdle - (5) River Ceiriog (1986), Flown (1992), Altior (2016), Shishkin (2020), Constitution Hill (2022)
Baring Bingham Novices' Hurdle - (1) Simonsig (2012)
Triumph Hurdle - (7) First Bout (1985), Alone Success (1987), Katarino (1999), Zaynar (2009), Soldatino (2010), Peace And Co (2015), Pentland Hills (2019)
Arkle Challenge Trophy - (7) Remittance Man (1991), Travado (1993), Tiutchev (2000), Sprinter Sacre (2012), Simonsig (2013), Altior (2017), Shishkin (2021)
David Nicholson Mares' Hurdle - (1) Marie's Rock
Spa Novices' Hurdle - (1) Bobs Worth (2011)
RSA Insurance Novices' Chase - (4) Trabolgan (2005), Bobs Worth (2012), Might Bite (2017), Champ (2020)
Ryanair Chase - (2) Fondmort (2006), Riverside Theatre (2012)
Festival Trophy Handicap Chase - (2) Marlborough (2000), Beware The Bear (2019)
Centenary Novices' Handicap Chase - (1) Rajdhani Express (2013)
Coral Cup - (4) Spirit River (2010), Whisper (2014), William Henry (2019), Dame De Compagnie (2020)
County Handicap Hurdle - (2) Thumbs Up (1993), Barna Boy (1997)
Fred Winter Juvenile Novices' Handicap Hurdle - (1) Une Artiste (2012)
Paddy Power Plate Handicap Chase - (4) The Tsarevich (1985, 1986), Liberthine (2005), Non So (2006)
Fulke Walwyn Kim Muir Challenge Cup - (3) Master Bob (1990), The Bushkeeper (2002), Juveigneur (2005)
Johnny Henderson Grand Annual Chase - (2) Greenhope (2006), Bellvano (2012)
Martin Pipe Conditional Jockeys' Handicap Hurdle - (1) Andytown (2009)
Golden Miller Novices' Chase - (1) Chantry House (2021)
Cathcart Challenge Cup - (4) Brown Windsor (1990), Raymylette (1994), Stormyfairweather (1999, 2000)
Pertemps Final - (1) Call The Cops (2015)
Major wins
Great Britain
Fighting Fifth Hurdle - (8) Landing Light (2001), Punjabi (2008), My Tent Or Yours (2013), Buveur d'Air (2017, 2018), Epatante (2020, 2021 (dead heat)), Constitution Hill (2022)
Henry VIII Novices' Chase - (5) Acre Hill (1990), Fondmort (2001), Captain Conan (2012), Altior (2016), Jonbon (2022)
Tingle Creek Chase - (2) Sprinter Sacre (2012), Altior (2018)
Long Walk Hurdle – (2) Punchestowns (2008), Champ (2021)
Kauto Star Novices' Chase - (5) Sparkling Flame (1990), Mutare (1991), Fiddling the Facts (1997), Bacchanal (2000), Long Run (2009)
Christmas Hurdle - (11) Geos (2000), Landing Light (2001), Binocular (2010, 2011), Darlan (2012), My Tent Or Yours (2013), Buveur d'Air (2017), Verdana Blue (2018), Epatante (2019, 2021), Constitution Hill (2022)
King George VI Chase - (3) Long Run (2010, 2012), Might Bite (2017)
Finale Juvenile Hurdle - (4) Mister Banjo (1999), Nas Na Riogh (2002), Blue Shark (2005), We Have A Dream (2017)
Challow Novices' Hurdle - (2) Captain Cutter (2014), Champ (2019)
Tolworth Novices' Hurdle - (6) New York Rainbow (1992), Minella Class (2011), Captain Conan (2012), Royal Boy (2014), L'ami Serge (2015), Constitution Hill (2022)
Clarence House Chase - (6) Big Matt (1996), Isio (2004), Tysou (2006), Sprinter Sacre (2013), Altior (2019), Shishkin (2022)
Scilly Isles Novices' Chase - (6) First Bout (1987), Punchestowns (2010), Captain Conan (2013), Oscar Whisky (2014), Top Notch (2017), Terrefort (2018)
Ascot Chase - (4) Tiutchev (2001), Riverside Theatre (2011,2012), Shishkin (2023)
Manifesto Novices' Chase - (2) Mad Max (2010), Captain Conan (2013)
Anniversary 4-Y-O Novices' Hurdle - (3) Binocular (2008), We Have A Dream (2018), Pentland Hills (2019)
Betway Bowl - (2) Might Bite (2018), Shishkin (2023)
Aintree Hurdle - (6) Oscar Whisky (2011, 2012), Buveur d'Air (2017), L'Ami Serge (2018), Epatante (2022), Constitution Hill (2023)
Top Novices' Hurdle - (6) General Miller (2010), Darlan (2012), My Tent Or Yours (2013), Josses Hill (2014), Buveur d'Air (2016), Jonbon (2022)
Mildmay Novices' Chase - (6) Sparkling Flame (1991), Irish Hussar (2003), Burton Port (2010), Might Bite (2017), Terrefort (2018), Chantry House (2021)
Melling Chase - (3) Remittance Man (1992), Finian's Rainbow (2012), Sprinter Sacre (2013)
Maghull Novices' Chase - (4) Finian's Rainbow (2011), Sprinter Sacre (2012), Shishkin (2021), Jonbon (2023)
Sefton Novices' Hurdle - (4) Rustle (1988), Beat That (2014), Santini (2018), Champ (2019)
Mersey Novices' Hurdle - (2) Spirit Son (2011), Simonsig (2012)
Liverpool Hurdle - (2) Whisper (2014, 2015)
Celebration Chase - (6) French Opera (2011), Sprinter Sacre (2016), Altior (2017, 2018, 2019), Jonbon (2023)
Ireland
Punchestown Champion Chase - (2) Big Matt (1998), Get Real (2000), Sprinter Sacre (2013)
Punchestown Champion Hurdle - (1) Buveur d'Air (2019)
Champion INH Flat Race - (1) Royal Rosa (2003)
Savills Chase - (1) Bobs Worth (2013)
Ryanair Novice Chase - (1) Tiutchev (2000)
Champion Four Year Old Hurdle - (4) Katarino (1999), Punjabi (2007), Grandouet (2011), Fusil Raffles (2019)
Mares Champion Hurdle - (1) Marie's Rock (2022)
France
Grande Course de Haies d'Auteuil - (1) L'Ami Serge (2017)
United States
Grand National Hurdle Stakes - (1) Brain Power (2019)
References
BBC profile
Cheltenham Festival trainers
Cheltenham Festival: Punjabi So Brave For Henderson
Living people
1950 births
British racehorse trainers
People educated at Eton College
Lieutenants of the Royal Victorian Order
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
| 26,639
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58897918
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,019
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Stack Exchange
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Cheang Wai Bin, David C. Rankin, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3422102, https://stackoverflow.com/users/775806, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8512152, n. m. could be an AI
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English
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Spoken
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How to split a string and store each character into an array
I'm trying to compare the number of similar characters between 2 string and came across strpbrk() function. But I can't find any method to split my search string into array of character.
char search[] = "chzi";
char arr[2][20] = {"cheang", "wai"};
float lengthSearch = strlen(search);
float count = 0;
for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++){
int lengthArr = strlen(arr[i]);
for(int j = 0; j < lengthSearch; j++){
if(strpbrk(&search[j], arr[i])){
printf("%c is the similarity between %s and %s\n", *strpbrk(&search[j], arr[i]), &search[j], arr[i]);
count++;
printf("count is now %.1f\n", count);
}
}
float probability = ((count/lengthSearch) * (count/lengthArr)) * 100;
printf("%s has a probability of %.2f\n\n", arr[i], probability);
count = 0;
}
The problem is here
i is the similarity between chzi and wai
count is now 1.0
i is the similarity between hzi and wai
count is now 2.0
i is the similarity between zi and wai
count is now 3.0
i is the similarity between i and wai
count is now 4.0
instead of chzi I only want to compare c and wai
Your search string is already an array of characters and you can iterate over each character with a simple for (int i = 0; search[i]; i++) where search[i] will be each character in search in sequence. if(strpbrk(&search[j], arr[i])) is backwards. If you want to know if any of the chars in search appear in arr[i] then strpbrk (arr[i], search)
float is wrong, size_t it the return type for strlen. See man 3 strlen
looping through the string will return me each character but when using strpbrk(), it forces me to write in strpbrk(&seach[j], arr[i]), if i am able to just write strpbrk(search[j], arr[i]) I believe this code should be good
strpbrk doesn't work the way you think it works, read the documentation carefully.
I want to check if the first character of search matches any character in the string, that's why I wrote strpbrk(&search[j], arr[i])
Do you only what to know if the first character matches, or do you want to know the number of occurrences of characters in search that are contained in arr[i]??
"I want to check if the first character of search matches any character in the string," That's not what strpbrk does.
I wanted to check how many similar characters between search and arr[i]
No - strpbrk returns a pointer to the first of any character in search that matches. Use strchr (arr[i], search[0]) to find out if the first char in search matches any char in arr[i].
OH -- that's what I thought, then you can use strpbrk and a pointer.
I wanted to check how many similar characters between search and
arr[i]
Then you can use strpbrk but somewhat reversed from how you attempted. man 3 strpbrk with declaration of
char *strpbrk(const char *s, const char *accept);
locates the first occurrence in the string s
of any of the bytes in the string accept.
So what you want do is simply loop with strpbrk and find out how many characters of search are common to arr[i]. Using a pointer makes that simple, e.g.
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
int main (void) {
char search[] = "chzi",
arr[][20] = {"cheang", "wai"};
size_t n = sizeof arr / sizeof *arr;
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++) {
size_t count = 0;
char *p = arr[i];
while ((p = strpbrk (p, search)))
count++, p++;
printf ("%s contains %zu occurrence of characters in %s.\n",
arr[i], count, search);
}
}
Note above you simply use a pointer to arr[i] and then use strpbrk to locate the first character in search that occurs in arr[i]. You then increment the pointer to the next character in arr[i] (using p++;) and do it again until strpbrk returns NULL indicating there are no more character is arr[i] that match any of the characters in search, the code above does just this, e.g.
char *p = arr[i];
while ((p = strpbrk (p, search)))
count++, p++;
which if you wanted to avoid using the comma operator would be:
char *p = arr[i];
while ((p = strpbrk (p, search))) {
count++;
p++;
}
Example Use/Output
Running with your strings would result in:
$ ./bin/strpbrkchars
cheang contains 2 occurrence of characters in chzi.
wai contains 1 occurrence of characters in chzi.
Look things over and let me know if that is what you intended. You will need to add your probability code, but that is left to you.
What does this do? p = strpbrk (p, search) Does it means that if the first character of p matches any character in search it will return that character and store it in p?
Recall, strpbrk returns a pointer to the first character in p (arr[i]) that matches any of the characters in search. So in the case of cheang, strpbrk will return a pointer to c at the beginning. You then increment count++ and p++ so p now points to h and you loop again. h matches so strpbrk returns a pointer to h on the second iteration. You then count++; and p++; so p now points to e. On your next call, nothing in "eang" matches any character in "chzi", so strpbrk returns NULL completing the loop.
Add a new string "caching" to your array and you will find count == 4 as it matches c (2-times), h (1-time) and i (1-time).
| 47,581
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https://vi.stackexchange.com/questions/16082
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,018
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Stack Exchange
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Sebastian Müller, https://vi.stackexchange.com/users/15083
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English
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Spoken
| 448
| 722
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How to quickly edit vim variable content?
In vim I sometimes want to quickly change the content of a variable using its current content as template using vim editing capabilities.
For example I want to append the word "bar" to the existing variable myvar.
let myvar="foo"
A possible workflow could be a ex-command (say Edit) editing myvar in a new buffer with "foo" as its contend and upon saving the buffer it would overwrite the new content (i.e. "foo bar") to the variable:
:Edit myvar
I feel there must be an elegant solution, possibly even another workflow than the one outlined above.
You've picked an unfortunate example, as it's more easily achieved with:
let myvar .= 'bar'
Still, for more complicated edits, you could use the following commands:
Insert the variable into the buffer:
o<C-R>=myvar<CR>
N.B. In the above, <C-R> denotes a press of Ctrl-R, and <CR> is a press of Return.
Perform your edits.
Reassign the contents of the line to the variable and delete the line:
:let myvar = getline('.') | d
Steps 1 & 3 can be converted into mappings:
:nnoremap <expr> <leader>ev "o\<C-R>=" . input('Variable: ', 'myvar', 'var') . "\<CR>"
:nnoremap <expr> <leader>av ':let ' . input('Variable: ', 'myvar', 'var') . " = getline('.') <bar> d\<CR>"
These prompt the user for which variable they want to edit/assign to, offering a default of myvar, and using variable completion so you don't have to type out the whole variable name.
If you always want to edit myvar, you can just replace the call to input() with myvar. If you only want to be asked in the first mapping, then you could save the name of the variable selected in a variable and use that in the second mapping: at that point you'd probably be better off using a mapping that calls a function instead of attempting to cram it into a one-liner.
Creating a more polished, complete solution as described in the question is left as an exercise to the reader. You'd probably want to set up a function to create the new buffer and insert the contents of the variable, and a BufWriteCmd autocommand to intercept the saving of that buffer (and only that buffer) and instead reassign to the variable.
Further reading:
:help i_CTRL-R_=
:help getline()
:help :d
:help :map-expr
:help input()
:help :command-completion
:help :function
:help autocommand
:help Cmd-event
I've accepted this solutions since extensively elaborated, adaptable and doesn't require a plugin (which I prefer). I agree, the example was somewhat unfortunate.
The plugin editvar does this. Just use :Editvar myvar, where myvar is a variable. This opens a window with the variable's contents. You can type :w to update the variable value.
| 11,797
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https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lertha%20schmidti
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,023
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Lertha schmidti
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https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lertha schmidti&action=history
|
Vietnamese
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Spoken
| 29
| 61
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Lertha schmidti là một loài côn trùng trong họ Nemopteridae thuộc bộ Neuroptera. Loài này được H. Aspöck et al. miêu tả năm 1984.
Chú thích
Tham khảo
Lertha
| 31,394
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https://craftcms.stackexchange.com/questions/16419
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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CC-By-SA
| 2,016
|
Stack Exchange
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Brad Bell, Terry Upton, https://craftcms.stackexchange.com/users/5418, https://craftcms.stackexchange.com/users/57
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English
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Spoken
| 153
| 250
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Categories not adding trailing slash
In my general config I have enabled URLS to have trailing slashes.
'addTrailingSlashesToUrls' => true,
This is working for products and entries. But it is not working on Categories. Category links are not adding trailing slashes.
Is there some additional config I need to add/setup or is this a bug?
Can you share the code you're using to generate the links? Have you made any modifications to the stock public .htaccess file (assuming you're running Apache)?
Whoops! Sorry Brad. As I went to check the code I realised, I was using {{ category.uri }} instead of {{ category.url }}.
Incidentally what exactly is uri?
Ahh... would you mind adding that as an answer? There's a good venn diagram here on URI vs. URL vs. URN: https://danielmiessler.com/study/url-uri/
Whoops! Sorry. As I went to check the code I realised, I was using {{ category.uri }} instead of {{ category.url }}.
| 2,084
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https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elecciones%20parlamentarias%20de%20Kirguist%C3%A1n%20de%202020
|
Wikipedia
|
Open Web
|
CC-By-SA
| 2,023
|
Elecciones parlamentarias de Kirguistán de 2020
|
https://es.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Elecciones parlamentarias de Kirguistán de 2020&action=history
|
Spanish
|
Spoken
| 1,257
| 2,121
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Las elecciones parlamentarias de Kirguistán se realizaron el 4 de octubre de 2020, con el fin de renovar los miembros del Consejo Supremo. Luego de protestas masivas en la capital Biskek y otras ciudades del país, la autoridad electoral anunció el 6 de octubre de 2020 que los resultados electorales del 4 de octubre fueron cancelados, por lo que son necesarias nuevas elecciones. El proceso posterior sigue sin estar claro por el momento. El presidente Sooronbay Jeenbekov pidió a los manifestantes que se moderen y pongan fin a las protestas masivas.
Según los resultados preliminares de las elecciones, cuatro partidos entraron al parlamento, el Partido del Socialismo Democrático - Opción Euroasiática "Unidad" (Birimdik) formará el grupo parlamentario más grande. De los siete partidos que estuvieron representados después de las elecciones de 2015, solo el Partido Kirguistán (KP) habría logrado reingresar al parlamento. A pesar de esta gran dinámica, las elecciones en general han sido como un voto de confianza para el gobierno anterior bajo el liderazgo del Partido Socialdemócrata (SDPK), ya que con Birimdik, Mi Patria Kirguistán (MK) y el Partido Kirguistán (KP), principalmente los partidos oficialistas tienen mayoría en el parlamento.
Contexto
Las anteriores elecciones parlamentarias realizadas en 2015 fueron ganadas por el entonces opositor Partido Socialdemócrata de Kirguistán, lideradas por Chynybai Tursunbekov con el 27.56% de los votos y 38 escaños, mientras que el entonces partido de gobierno Respublika–Ata Zhurt, ocupó el segundo lugar con el 20.26% de los votos y 23 escaños.
Los aliados de la coalición del Partido Socialdemócrata resultaron con un baja importante, dado el colapso del partido Ar-Namys, que no obtuvo ninguno escaño y la caída del partido Ata-Meken. Dos nuevos partidos ingresaron al Consejo Supremo: Partido del Desarrollo y el Progreso y el partido Bir Bol.
El Partido Socialdemócrata formó una nueva coalición con Ata-Meken, el Partido Kirguistán y Partido del Desarrollo y el Progreso, lo que le permitió a Temir Sariyev mantenerse como Primer Ministro, sin embargo, renunció por una investigación de corrupción llevada a cabo por una comisión parlamentaria siendo reemplazado por Sooronbay Jeenbekov. Posteriormente Jeenbekov renunció el 21 de agosto de 2017, luego de ser nombrado como candidato oficial en las elecciones presidenciales de 2017, siendo sustituido por el exjefe de gabinete de Atambáyev Sapar Isakov. Finalmente Isakov es destituido del cargo y le remplazó Muhammetkaliy Abulgaziyev.
La generalización del control biométrico de la votación, que en sí mismo es un paso adelante, no ha sido suficientemente informada y ha limitado el ejercicio del derecho al voto en las pasadas elecciones parlamentarias en las zonas remotas del país.
Sistema electoral
Los 120 miembros en el Consejo Supremo son elegidos por representación proporcional por listas en una circunscripción única en todo el país, con un umbral electoral del 7%. No se permite a ningún partido tener más de 65 miembros en el Consejo. Se requiere que las listas del partido tengan al menos un 30% de candidatos de cada sexo, y cada cuarto candidato tenía que ser de un género diferente. También se requiere que un 15% de los candidatos sean de minorías étnicas y por lo mínimo, dos personas con discapacidad.
Partidos
Un total de 16 partidos políticos acudieron a las elecciones, un aumento de dos partidos en comparación con las elecciones de 2015. El Partido Socialdemócrata de Kirguistán (SDPK) y el Partido del Desarrollo y el Progreso (OP), dos de los partidos representados en el parlamento no se presentaron a las elecciones.
Partido Socialdemócrata de Kirguistán
El SDPK fue la facción más grande en el parlamento en la coalición gobernante durante la última legislatura y ha sido fundamental en la configuración de la política en los últimos años, incluyendo al presidente en ejercicio Jeenbekov y su predecesor, Almasbek Atambayev Después de la transición pacífica del poder de Atambayev a Jeenbekov en el curso de las elecciones presidenciales de 2017, una lucha de poder comenzó en 2018 entre el presidente y su predecesor en el cargo, que culminó en la detención de Atambayev después de violentos enfrentamientos entre las fuerzas de seguridad y sus partidarios. Dentro del SDPK, el conflicto entre los dos líderes continuó y finalmente condujo a la división del SDPK. Los partidarios de Atambayev se reunieron en el partido Socialdemócratas de Kirguistán, mientras que muchos de los partidarios del presidente cambiaron al pequeño y testimonial partido Unidad (Birimdik).
Birimdik
Después de la división del SDPK, el Partido del Socialismo Democrático - Elección Euroasiática 'Unidad' (Birimdik) fue considerado un partido gobernante no oficial y nombró a numerosos partidarios prominentes del presidente, incluidos su hermano Asylbek Jeenbekovy la vicepresidenta del parlamento Aida Kasymalijewa. El partido dio la implementación de un socialismo democrático como el objetivo primordial. El partido también representa una mayor cooperación con Rusia, en el marco de la Unión Económica Euroasiática. Durante la campaña electoral, el partido trató tanto de servirse de la nostalgia soviética que estaba generalizada en partes de la población como de enfatizar la importancia de las tradiciones kirguisas.
Mekenim Kirguistán
El segundo favorito en el período previo a las elecciones fue Mi Patria Kirguistán (MK). Esto fue dirigido en gran parte por la poderosa familia Matraimow alrededor de Raimbek Matraimov, quien había hecho una gran fortuna en su función como subjefe de la autoridad aduanera de Kirguistán. En términos de contenido, también se considera que el partido es pro-Rusia y en gran medida leal al gobierno. Una preocupación central del partido también fue la reducción de la burocracia y una mayor responsabilidad para las áreas rurales del país en el contexto de la descentralización. Debido a los grandes recursos financieros del partido a través del apoyo de la familia Matraimov, ya estaba en el centro de acusaciones de manipulación comprando votos durante la campaña electoral. El partido también se benefició del apoyo de Patria (Ata-Zhurt), un partido conservador que se postuló junto con República (Respublika) en las elecciones de 2015.
Partido de Kirguistán
Después de las elecciones de 2015, el partido de Kirguistán, sorprendentemente, logró formar el tercer grupo más grande en el parlamento con 18 escaños. El registro del partido para las elecciones de 2020 fue objeto de una disputa legal luego de que la comisión electoral rechazara inicialmente el registro con referencia a documentos que no se presentaron a tiempo. Sin embargo, la acción contra esta decisión fue exitosa, por lo que posteriormente se registró al partido. Durante la campaña electoral, el partido se presentó como un representante de la economía y un partidario del gobierno, el lema principal de la campaña fue: Kirguistán está en mi corazón.
Butun Kirguistán
El partido Kirguistán Unido (BK) no logró entrar al parlamento en las elecciones de 2015 en alianza con el partido Emgek. El partido pertenece al espectro político de derecha y es considerado nacionalista. El partido goza de un fuerte apoyo, especialmente en la región de Batken en el sur y entre los partidarios del expresidente Kurmanbek Bakíev. El líder del partido del Partido Comunista de Kirguistán, Isják Masalíyev, también estaba en la lista de candidatos.
Respublika
República (Respublika) se postuló en las elecciones anteriores en alianza con el nacionalista Patria (Ata-Zhurt), pero no logró el objetivo de convertirse en la fuerza más poderosa del parlamento. Tras la ruptura de la alianza con Ata-Zhurt en noviembre de 2016 y la retirada del antiguo presidente del partido, Ömürbek Babanov, el partido se vio debilitado, pero reapareció en las elecciones parlamentarias como una alternativa favorable hacia los negocios.
Resultados
Véase también
Protestas en Kirguistán de 2020
Referencias
Fraudes electorales
Elecciones parlamentarias de Kirguistán
Kirguistán en 2020
Elecciones en Asia de 2020
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Torneo di Wimbledon 2011 - Doppio ragazze
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Tímea Babos e Sloane Stephens erano le detentrici del titolo, ma quest'anno non hanno partecipato.
Eugenie Bouchard e Grace Min hanno battuto in finale Demi Schuurs e Tang Haochen 5–7, 6–2, 7–5.
Teste di serie
Dar'ja Gavrilova / Dar'ja Sal'nikova (ritiro)
Eugenie Bouchard / Grace Min (campioni)
Barbara Haas / Anett Kontaveit (secondo turno)
Ashleigh Barty / Miho Kowase (quarti di finale, ritiro)
Victoria Duval / Zarah Razafimahatratra (secondo turno)
Jesika Malecková / Chantal Škamlová (secondo turno)
Victoria Bosio / Patricia Iveth Ku Flores (primo turno)
Montserrat González / Ganna Poznikhirenko (secondo turno)
Tabellone
Fase finale
Parte alta
Bottom Half
Note
Torneo di Wimbledon 2011
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhambet%20Kopeev
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Muhambet Kopeev
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Muhammet Jumanazaruly Kopeev (, , romanized: Mūhammet Jūmanazarūly Kopeev; born 15 November 1949) is a Kazakhstani politician who served as a member of the Senate of Kazakhstan from 29 November 2005 to 24 November 2011 and was its Deputy Chair. Prior to that, he was Minister of Emergency Situations from 30 September 2004 to 11 August 2005 and was a member of the Mazhilis from 1996 to 2004 where he was Mazhilis Deputy Chair from 1 December 1999 until 2004.
Biography
Early life and education
Muhammet Kopeev was born to a Muslim Kazakh family in the village of Rudnik in Karaganda Region, Kazakhstan. He is the son of Fariza and Jumanazar Kopeev. In 1972, he graduated from the Satbayev University with a degree mining engineering. From 1983 to 1985, Kopeev attended the Alma-Ata Higher Party School where he earned degree in political science and then in 1998 from the Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University where he specialized in law.
Career
From 1973 to 1976, Kopeev was mining foreman, Secretary of the Komsomol Committee of the Dzhezkazgan Mining Trust. He then worked as a Secretary and First Secretary of the Nikolsk City Committee of the Leningrad Komsomol Committee until he became the instructor of the Dzhezkazgan Regional Party Committee in 1980. From 1985, Kopeev was the Second Secretary of the Dzhezdinsky District Party Committee. In 1986, he became the Chairman of the Qarajal City Executive Committee and from 1989, was the Head of Department of the Dzhezkazgan Regional Party Committee.
In 1991, Kopeev was appointed as the Chairman of the Administrative Council of the Jairem-Atasui Consolidated Economic Zone and was the Head of the Qarajal City Administration from 1992 until becoming a member of the Mazhilis in 1996 where he was member of the Finance and Budget Committee. On 1 December 1999, Kopeev was elected as the Mazhilis Deputy Chair where he served the post until he was appointed as Minister of Emergency Situations on 30 September 2004.
On 29 November 2005, he was appointed as member of the Senate of Kazakhstan and from 1 December 2005 was its Deputy Chair until being dismissed as Senator on 24 November 2011.
References
1949 births
Living people
People from Karaganda Region
Government ministers of Kazakhstan
Ministers of Emergency (Kazakhstan)
Members of the Mazhilis
Members of the Senate of Kazakhstan
20th-century Kazakhstani politicians
21st-century Kazakhstani politicians
| 15,152
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https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rouvres-en-Xaintois
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Rouvres-en-Xaintois Frantziako udalerria da, Vosgeak departamenduan dagoena, Ekialde Handia eskualdean. 2013an biztanle zituen.
Demografia
Biztanleria
2007an Rouvres-en-Xaintois udalerrian erroldatutako biztanleak 295 ziren. Familiak 132 ziren, horien artean 40 pertsona bakarrekoak ziren (12 bakarrik bizi ziren gizonak eta 28 bakarrik bizi ziren emakumeak), 44 seme-alabarik gabeko familiak ziren, 40 seme-alabak dituzten bikoteak ziren eta 8 seme-alabak dituzten guraso-bakarreko familiak ziren.
Biztanleriak, denboran, ondorengo grafikoan ageri den bilakaera izan du:
Erroldatutako biztanleak
<noinclude>
Etxebizitza
2007an 144 etxebizitza zeuden, 131 familiaren etxebizitza nagusia ziren, 8 bigarren erresidentzia ziren eta 5 hutsik zeuden. 138 etxeak ziren eta 6 apartamentuak ziren. 131 etxebizitza nagusietatik 115 bere jabearen bizilekua ziren, 11 alokairuan okupaturik zeuden eta 5 doan lagata zeuden; 1ek gela bat zuen, 7 etxek bi zituzten, 3 etxek hiru zituzten, 43 etxek lau zituzten eta 77 etxek bost zituzten. 90 etxek euren parking plaza propioa zuten azpian. 66 etxetan ibilgailu bat zegoen eta 51 etxetan bat baino gehiago zituzten.
Biztanleria-piramidea
2009an sexu eta adinaren araberako biztanleria-piramidea hau zen:
Ekonomia
2007an lan egiteko adina zuten pertsonak 186 ziren, horien artean 134 aktiboak ziren eta 52 inaktiboak ziren. 134 pertsona aktiboetatik 125 lanean zeuden (68 gizon eta 57 emakume) eta 10 langabezian zeuden (6 gizon eta 4 emakume). 52 pertsona inaktiboetatik 22 erretiraturik zeuden, 7 ikasten zeuden eta 23 "bestelako inaktibo" gisa sailkaturik zeuden.
Diru sarrerak
2009an Rouvres-en-Xaintois udalerrian 136 unitate fiskal zeuden, 320,5 pertsonek osaturik. Pertsona bakoitzeko diru-sarrera fiskalaren mediana urteko 18.022 euro zen.
Ekonomia jarduerak
2007an zeuden 7 komertzioetatik, 1 janari enpresa zen, 1 eraikuntza enpresa zen, 2 ibilgailuen saltze eta konpontze enpresak ziren, 2 ostalaritza eta jatetxe enpresak ziren eta 1 «beste zerbitzu jarduera batzuk» multzoan sailkatutako enpresa zen.
2009an norbanakoentzat zegoen zerbitzu bakarra iturgina zen.
2009an zeuden 2 establezimendu komertzial guztiak harategiak ziren.
2000. urtean Rouvres-en-Xaintois udalerrian 5 nekazaritza-ustiategi zeuden.
Hezkuntza eta osasun ekipamenduak
2009an lehen-hezkuntzako eskola bat zegoen.
Gertuen dauden herriak
Diagrama honek gertuen dauden herriak erakusten ditu.
Erreferentziak
Kanpo estekak
Résumé statistique INSEEren udalerriko estatistiken laburpena.
Évolution et structure de la population INSEEren udalerriko datuen fitxa.
France par comune Frantziako udalerri guztietako datu zehatzak mapa baten bitartez eskuragarri.
Vosgeetako udalerriak
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https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breistroff-la-Grande
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Breistroff-la-Grande Fransiyaning Lotaringiya mintaqasida joylashgan kommunadir. Moselle departamenti Thionville-Oost tumani tarkibiga kiradi.
Aholisi
526 nafar aholi istiqomat qiladi (2005). Aholi zichligi — har kvadrat kilometrga 49,6 nafar kishi.
Geografiyasi
Maydoni — 10,6 km2. Dengiz sathidan 157 – 242 m balandlikda joylashgan.
Manbalar
Moselle shaharlari
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https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiana%20%28Alaska%29
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Kiana (Alaska)
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Min Nan Chinese
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Kiana sī Bí-kok Alaska chiu Northwest Arctic kūn ê chi̍t ê chng-thâu (city).
Alaska ê chng-thâu
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https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renault%20Type%20488
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Wikipedia
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Renault Type 488
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Il Renault Type 488 era un motore a scoppio prodotto dal 1937 al 1953 dalla Casa automobilistica francese Renault.
Caratteristiche
Il motore Type 488 è stato introdotto per essere montato sulla Juvaquatre, che risulterà poi l'unica sua applicazione.
È un motore a 4 cilindri in linea con distribuzione a valvole laterali.
Si tratta di un'unità di tipo sottoquadro, le cui misure di alesaggio e corsa sono di 58x95 mm, per una cilindrata complessiva di 1003 cm³. L'alimentazione era affidata ad un carburatore Solex 26. La potenza massima raggiungeva i 24 CV a 3500 giri/min.
Di questo motore sono esistite più varianti, differenti tra loro semplicemente per il diverso posizionamento di alcuni organi. In particolare:
il 488-S1 è l'unità montata sulle Juvaquatre d'anteguerra e si distingue per lo sbocco del condotto di scarico sistemato sul lato anteriore del motore;
il 488-S2 ha invece lo sbocco del condotto di scarico in posizione centrale;
il 488-S3 ha una nuova frizione della Ferodo con nuovo volano di diametro differente;
il 488-S4 ha un nuovo comando della pompa carburante, simile a quella montata sulle Renault 4CV.
Le ultime tre varianti di motore 488 sono state utilizzate in periodi differenti sulle versioni Break e furgoncino post-belliche.
Questo motore è stato pensionato nel 1953.
Note
Voci correlate
Renault
Renault Juvaquatre
488
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jhand%C4%81ji%20ki%20Khad
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Jhandāji ki Khad
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Suba nga anhianhi ang Jhandāji ki Khad sa Indiya. Nahimutang ni sa estado sa State of Punjab, sa amihanang bahin sa nasod, km sa amihanan sa New Delhi ang ulohan sa nasod. Ang Jhandāji ki Khad mao ang bahin sa tubig-saluran sa Indus River, ug usa ka sanga sa Sutlej River.
Ang klima umogon ug subtropikal. Ang kasarangang giiniton °C. Ang kinainitan nga bulan Hunyo, sa °C, ug ang kinabugnawan Enero, sa °C. Ang kasarangang pag-ulan milimetro matag tuig. Ang kinabasaan nga bulan Agosto, sa milimetro nga ulan, ug ang kinaugahan Nobiyembre, sa milimetro.
Ang mga gi basihan niini
Indus River (suba) tubig-saluran
Mga suba sa State of Punjab
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https://superuser.com/questions/1407826
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StackExchange
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Bash scripting: how to iterate through all drives?
I have buildroot readonly bootable image, which is normally loaded via TFTP in PXE enviroment. Filesystem in unpacked into ram and remounted as rw. And accidentally I wished to boot it from a USB stick and modify root filesystem content. So I thought of a "patch" system.
In a readonly image I can embed some /etc/init.d script, that, upon start, checks for /dev/sd?? drives, tries to mount them to /mnt (one at a time), seeks for /mnt/patch.sh script and executes it, then unmount and proceed to next drive.
So basically I want to iterate through all availble drives PARTITIONS in system. How to do that in shell script? (I use busybox)
In a for loop, does a ? character in /dev/sd?? meets /dev/sda for example (which i want to avoid)?
busybox shell does not interpret bash.
The Debian ash (dash) variant 0.3.8-5 was incorporated with busybox release 0.52 (07/'01).
There are several differences between ash/dash and bash.
ash man
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Edson Mata, https://codereview.stackexchange.com/users/188446, https://codereview.stackexchange.com/users/95820, tobiasznowak
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Navigation between pages in WPF MVVM application
I did a project in WPF MVVM. Just a single Window with single Frame control and few Pages. My problem was communication between pages without not violating MVVM principles. I'd like to use all bestprogramming-practices.
Can you check if this code agrees with the all best principles?
My solution has two projects: WPF client, ViewModels PCL. I want to have my ViewModels separated from the Views.
Here is the code for WPF Client:
GitHub
App.xaml.cs
namespace NaviWPFApp
{
using System.Windows;
using NaviWPFApp.Views;
using NaviWPFApp.Views.Pages;
public partial class App : Application
{
public static NavigationService Navigation;
protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
{
base.OnStartup(e);
MainWindow mainWindow = new MainWindow();
mainWindow.Show();
Navigation = new NavigationService(mainWindow.MyFrame);
Navigation.Navigate<FirstPage>();
}
}
}
App.xaml It's just:
<Application x:Class="NaviWPFApp.App"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:local="clr-namespace:NaviWPFApp"
x:Name="Application">
<Application.Resources>
<local:ViewModelLocator x:Key="ViewModelLocator"/>
</Application.Resources>
</Application>
I have one main window with frame, and two very similar pages (no code-behind):
<Window x:Class="NaviWPFApp.Views.MainWindow"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
mc:Ignorable="d"
Title="NaviWPFApp" Height="300" Width="300">
<Grid>
<Frame x:Name="MyFrame" Margin="10" />
</Grid>
</Window>
<Page x:Class="NaviWPFApp.Views.Pages.FirstPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300" Title="FirstPage"
DataContext="{Binding FirstPageViewModel, Source={StaticResource ViewModelLocator}}">
<Grid>
<Button Command="{Binding Go2}" Height="30" Content="Go to second page" />
</Grid>
</Page>
<Page x:Class="NaviWPFApp.Views.Pages.SecondPage"
xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
mc:Ignorable="d"
d:DesignHeight="300" d:DesignWidth="300"
Title="SecondPage"
DataContext="{Binding Path=SecondPageViewModel, Source={StaticResource ViewModelLocator}}">
<Grid>
<Button Command="{Binding Go1}" Content="Go back to page 1" Height="30" />
</Grid>
</Page>
I my client I have also two additional classes ViewModelLocator and NavigationService - used for naviation between pages:
namespace NaviWPFApp
{
using NaviWPFApp.ViewModels.Pages;
public class ViewModelLocator
{
public FirstPageViewModel FirstPageViewModel => new FirstPageViewModel(App.Navigation);
public SecondPageViewModel SecondPageViewModel => new SecondPageViewModel(App.Navigation);
}
}
namespace NaviWPFApp
{
using System;
using System.Linq;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Windows.Controls;
using NaviWPFApp.ViewModels.Common;
public class NavigationService : INavigationService
{
readonly Frame frame;
public NavigationService(Frame frame)
{
this.frame = frame;
}
public void GoBack()
{
frame.GoBack();
}
public void GoForward()
{
frame.GoForward();
}
public bool Navigate(string page)
{
var type = Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().GetTypes().SingleOrDefault(a => a.Name.Equals(page));
if (type == null) return false;
var src = Activator.CreateInstance(type);
return frame.Navigate(src);
}
public bool Navigate<T>(object parameter = null)
{
var type = typeof(T);
return Navigate(type, parameter);
}
public bool Navigate(Type source, object parameter = null)
{
var src = Activator.CreateInstance(source);
return frame.Navigate(src, parameter);
}
}
}
Here is my ViewModels (Portable) project:
It's only two ViewModel classes for each Page in UI, INavigationService (I don't want to know anything about NavigationService implementation and UI client), MyObservableObject and MyCommand.
MyObservableObject and MyCommand are typical implementations of INotifyPropertyChanged and ICommand interfaces.
This is an interface and two viewmodels:
public interface INavigationService
{
void GoForward();
void GoBack();
bool Navigate(string page);
}
public class FirstPageViewModel : MyObservableObject
{
private readonly INavigationService navigationService;
public FirstPageViewModel(INavigationService navigationService)
{
this.navigationService = navigationService;
}
public MyCommand Go2
{
get { return new MyCommand(x => navigationService.Navigate("SecondPage")); }
}
}
public class SecondPageViewModel : MyObservableObject
{
private readonly INavigationService navigationService;
public SecondPageViewModel(INavigationService navigationService)
{
this.navigationService = navigationService;
}
public MyCommand Go1
{
get { return new MyCommand(x => navigationService.Navigate("FirstPage")); }
}
}
My biggest concern is this: navigationService.Navigate("FirstPage")); I pass view name as a string. That's because I don't want my ViewModel knows anything about View. But my navigation service HAS TO KNOW about View. That's why I did that interface with string parameter.
What do you think?
In my opinion, I don't see anything that violates Mvvm pattern.
Could you tell me how to get the parameters on the page?
My biggest concern is this: navigationService.Navigate("FirstPage"));
I pass view name as a string. That's because I don't want my ViewModel
knows anything about View. But my navigation service HAS TO KNOW about
View. That's why I did that interface with string parameter.
In a given design, independently from any implementation, a dependency either exist or not. Trying to solve this "problem" in the implementation is impossible.
You have to choose if your navigation service helps navigating through xaml views, or through some higher level, more abstract "navigation items".
Thanks for an answer. I'd like to navigate in viewmodels via commands. But viewmodels are located in separated project (they don't see Views at all). And this project is PCL. I've put the code into repo here: https://github.com/AntwanReno/navi
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Alton ie n luech te la Nghiltiera te la contea zeremoniela Staffordshire. Tl 2019 ovel na populazion de abitanc.
Geografia
Storia
Referënzes
Luech te la Nghiltiera
Luech tl Riam Unì
Staffordshire
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Chrisney è un comune degli Stati Uniti d'America, situato nello Stato dell'Indiana, nella contea di Spencer.
Altri progetti
Collegamenti esterni
Comuni dell'Indiana
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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20Luz%20Galicia
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María Luz Galicia Gonzalo, née le à Madrid, est une actrice espagnole.
Biographie
Sœur du chef décorateur José Luis Galicia, María Luz Galicia a connu, au cinéma, une carrière relativement courte, de 1953 à 1963.
Filmographie
1953 : Cabaret
1954 : Buenas noticias
1955 : Señora ama
1956 : Río Guadalquivir
1956 : El Malvado Carabel : Silvia
1958 : I Zitelloni : Gina
1958 : Patio andaluz
1959 : Las de Caín : Rosalía Caín
1961 : Ella y los veteranos
1962 : Zorro le vengeur (La Venganza del Zorro) (comme Mary Anderson) : Maria
1962 : L'Ombre de Zorro (L'Ombra di Zorro) de Joaquín Luis Romero Marchent : María
1963 : Plaza de oriente
1963 : Cléopâtre (Cleopatra) de Joseph L. Mankiewicz
1964 : La Griffe du coyote (Il Segno del coyote) de Mario Caiano : Mary
Notes et références
Liens externes
Actrice espagnole
Naissance à Madrid
Naissance en février 1940
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Zabur (arabisk: زبور) er, i henhold til islam, den hellige boken til Dawud (kong David av Israel), en av de hellige bøker avslørt av Gud før Koranen, sammen med andre slik som Tawrat (Tora) av Musa (Moses) og Injil (evangeliene) om Isa (Jesus Kristus).
En del forskere likestiller Zabur med bibelske Salmenes bok. Begrepet zabur er det arabiske tilsvarende begrepet til det hebraiske zimra i betydningen «sang», «musikk». Det er, sammen med zamir («sang») og mizmor («salme»), avledet fra zamar i betydningen «sang, synge lovprisning, gjøre musikk».
I henhold til tolverne eller imamittene var den opprinnelige og ikke korrupte Zabur bevart i den mystiske al-Jafr, som er i dag bevart av Imāmah Muhammad al-Mahdi.
Referanser
Eksterne lenker
En diskusjon på engelsk av Zabur og andre skrifter, fra et uavhengig, ikke-muslimsk synspunkt; se andre artikler fra dette nettstedets hovedside.
Islam
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Srđan Ognjanović
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Srđan Ognjanović (, English alternatives: Srdjan Ognjanovic, and Srdan Ognjanovic) is a Serbian mathematician. He was a principal of Mathematical Grammar School in Belgrade.
Career
He received his degrees in the field of Mathematical Sciences from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Belgrade. Prior to that, Ognjanović was a student of Mathematical Gymnasium Belgrade, from which he graduated in 1972, in A-division.
Ognjanović started his professional career as a teacher of mathematics at Mathematical Gymnasium Belgrade (Serbian: "Matematička Gimnazija") while still a student of mathematics at Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Belgrade, continued his career after graduation also in Mathematical Gymnasium Belgrade, and devoted his career to teaching mathematics in the same school, now being a professor in Mathematical Gymnasium Belgrade for more than 30 years.
Students of professor Ognjanović won numerous prizes at International Science Olympiads in Mathematics, Physics, Informatics, Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Earth Sciences, also at other prestigious competitions around the world, and, accordingly, won many full scholarships at top-ranked universities.
Mr Ognjanović is the author of numerous books and collections of problems for elementary and secondary schools, as well as special collections of assignments for preparation for mathematics competitions and mathematics workbooks used as a preparation for admission to faculties.
Awards and legacy
Ognjanović was listed among "300 most powerful people in Serbia" in a list published annually by "Blic" daily newspaper (14 February 2011), member of Axel Springer AG. The criteria were easiness in achieving goals, public awareness, financial and political influence, personal integrity and authority, respectiveness of the institution the person represents, and personal charisma.
Among latest awards for his published works Mr Ognjanović received (in 2010): Grand Prize at 16th International Book Fair, in Novi Sad, from a Business Chamber of Vojvodina, and "Stojan Novaković" Prize for the best textbook and set of textbooks published by Zavod - Serbian State Company of Textbooks.
References
External links
Mathematical Gymnasium Belgrade homepage
Principal of Mathematical Gymnasium Belgrade homepage
Heads of schools in Serbia
Mathematics educators
Education in Belgrade
Scientists from Belgrade
University of Belgrade Faculty of Mathematics alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Serbian mathematicians
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«Европлан» (до 2004 года — DeltaLeasing) — автолизинговая компания. Компания предоставляет услуги по оформлению автомобилей в лизинг и сопутствующие автоуслуги: страхование, обслуживание автомобиля и парка, доставку транспорта и др. «Европлан» на 100% принадлежит инвестиционному холдингу «ЭсЭфАй» (SFI) .
Показатели деятельности
По итогам 2022 года размер чистых инвестиций в лизинг до вычета резерва под ожидаемые кредитные убытки на конец прошлого года составил 162,7 млрд рублей .
На конец 2022 года лизинговый портфель «Европлан» составлял 164,2 млрд рублей. Доходы, полученные от операционной деятельности, за 2022 год составили 23,9 млрд рублей. Чистая прибыль компании за 2022 год равнялась 11,9 млрд рублей. Капитал ЛК на 31 декабря 2022 года составлял 33,8 млрд рублей, его рентабельность – 39,7%. В структуре фондирования ЛК на конец 2022 года на банковские кредиты приходилось 94,2%, а на облигации – 47,4%.
В течение 2021 года группа «Европлан» выплатила акционеру дивиденды за девять январь-сентябрь 2020 года, тогда их сумма составила 1,2 млрд рублей, по 10 рублей на акцию. В течение прошлого года группа выплатила своему акционеру холдинговой компании «ЭсЭфАй» (SFI, в прошлом — «Сафмар финансовые инвестиции») дивиденды по результатам за 2021 год и за первые шесть месяцев 2022 года. Их сумма составила 3,5 млрд рублей, по 29,17 рублей на акцию.
История компании
Компания DeltaLeasing начала свою деятельность 21 апреля 1999 года в городе Ростов-на-Дону. Через год штаб-квартира ЛК была перенесена в Москву. В 2003 году DeltaLeasing была приобретена фондом Baring Vostok. Новый акционер увеличил уставный капитал ЛК и способствовал привлечению заемных средств: компания получила первый кредит на рынке США от Экспортно-Импортного банка США. В следующем году компания переименовывается в «Европлан» и покупает у автомобильного дистрибутора «Рольф» своего главного конкурента на рынке автолизинга ЛК «Кельвин» («Рольф-лизинг»). В 2005 году управляющая компания фондов прямых инвестиций Capital International за $10 млн приобрела миноритарного пакета акций «Европлана». ЛК выходит на российский рынок рублевых облигаций в 2007 году, тогда же компания привлекает синдицированный кредит в размере $110 млн от 13 банков, организатором пула которого выступил BNP Paribas. В 2009 году, по данным Российской ассоциацией лизинговых компаний «Рослизинг», «Европлан» признан крупнейшей в России лизинговой компанией по количеству заключенных в 2008 году договоров лизинга, а также крупнейшей автолизинговой компанией 2008 года по сумме контрактов всех видов автотранспорта. В 2011 году ЛК приобретает банк, также получивший название «Европлан». В 2015 году фонды Baring Vostok и Capital Group продали 100% группы «Европлан» акционерам Бинбанка (группа «Бин», впоследствии получившая название «Сафмар»). В конце года новые акционеры вывели ЛК на IPO на Московской бирже (было продано 25% минус 1 акция), в результате чего вся компания была оценена в 13 млрд рублей. Вскоре после этого крупными миноритарными акционерами «Европлана» стали негосударственные пенсионные фонды, входящие в группу «Бин». В декабре 2016 года компания «Европлан», на основе которой группа создала финансовый холдинг «Сафмар Финансовые инвестиции», провела SPO на Московской бирже, таким образом «Европлан» снова утратил статус публичной компании. В 2021 году холдинг «ЭсЭфАй» (в прошлом — «Сафмар Финансовые инвестиции») вновь задумался об IPO «Европлана». В середине 2022 года возглавлявший более пяти лет «Европлан» Александр Михайлов в июне покинул лизинговую компанию, его на посту гендиректора сменил Сергей Мизюра.
Примечания
Компании, основанные в 1999 году
Финансовые компании России
Лизинговые компании
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Στην ιστορία της τέχνης, της λογοτεχνίας και των πολιτιστικών σπουδών, ο Οριενταλισμός ή Ανατολισμός είναι η απομίμηση ή απεικόνιση πτυχών του ανατολικού κόσμου. Αυτές οι απεικονίσεις γίνονται συνήθως από συγγραφείς, σχεδιαστές και καλλιτέχνες από τη Δύση. Συγκεκριμένα, η ανατολίτικη ζωγραφική, που απεικονίζει πιο συγκεκριμένα τη «Μέση Ανατολή», ήταν μια από τις πολλές ειδικότητες της ακαδημαϊκής τέχνης του 19ου αιώνα και η λογοτεχνία των δυτικών χωρών είχε παρόμοιο ενδιαφέρον για τα ανατολίτικα θέματα.
Από τη δημοσίευση του έργου Οριενταλισμός του Έντουαρντ Σαΐντ το 1978, πολλές ακαδημαϊκές συζητήσεις έχουν αρχίσει να χρησιμοποιούν τον όρο για να αναφερθούν σε μια γενική πατροναριστική δυτική στάση απέναντι στις κοινωνίες της Μέσης Ανατολής, της Ασίας και της Βόρειας Αφρικής. Η Δύση ουσιαστικοποιεί αυτές τις κοινωνίες ως στατικές και μη-ανεπτυγμένες κατασκευάζοντας έτσι μια άποψη του ανατολικού πολιτισμού, που μπορεί να μελετηθεί, να απεικονιστεί και να αναπαραχθεί στην υπηρεσία της αυτοκρατορικής εξουσίας. Ουσιώδης σε αυτήν την κατασκευή είναι η ιδέα ότι η δυτική κοινωνία είναι ανεπτυγμένη, λογική, ευέλικτη και ανώτερη.
Ιστορικό
Ετυμολογία
Ο οριενταλισμός αναφέρεται στην Ανατολή, σε αναφορά και αντίθεση με τον Δυτικό Κόσμο. Η λέξη εισήλθε στην αγγλική γλώσσα από τη μεσαιωνική γαλλική orient. Αυτή, με τη σειρά της, κατάγεται από το λατινικό Oriens: το ανατολικό μέρος του κόσμου, ο ουρανός εκεί που ανατέλλει ο ήλιος. Ωστόσο, άρχισε να χρησιμοποιείται ως γεωγραφικός όρος.
Το 1375, ο Τζόφρι Σώσερ έγραψε: "Κατέλαβαν πολλά regnes grete / Στην ανατολή [...]". Ο όρος αναφέρεται σε χώρες ανατολικά της Μεσογείου και της Νότιας Ευρώπης. Το 1952, ο Νάι Μπέβαν χρησιμοποίησε μια διευρυμένη ονομασία της Ανατολής, που περιλάμβανε την Ανατολική Ασία: "Το ξύπνημα της Ανατολής υπό την επίδραση των δυτικών ιδεών». Ο Έντουαρντ Σαΐντ είπε ότι ο οριενταλισμός "επιτρέπει την πολιτική, οικονομική, πολιτιστική και κοινωνική κυριαρχία της Δύσης, όχι μόνο κατά την αποικιακή εποχή, αλλά και στο παρόν".
Τέχνη
Στην ιστορία της τέχνης, ο όρος αναφέρεται στα έργα των Δυτικών καλλιτεχνών, που ειδικεύτηκαν σε ανατολίτικα θέματα, που παράγονται από τα ταξίδια τους στη Δυτική Ασία κατά τον 19ο αιώνα. Εκείνη την εποχή, καλλιτέχνες και μελετητές χαρακτηρίστηκαν ως Οριενταλιστές, ειδικά στη Γαλλία. Παρά την τόσο κοινωνική περιφρόνηση για ένα στυλ αναπαραστατικής τέχνης, η Γαλλική Εταιρεία Οριενταλιστών Ζωγράφων ιδρύθηκε το 1893, με τον Ζαν-Λεόν Ζερόμ ως επίτιμο πρόεδρο. Στη Βρετανία, ο όρος Οριενταλιστής σήμαινε "καλλιτέχνης".
Ο σχηματισμός της Γαλλικής Εταιρείας Οριενταλιστών Ζωγράφων άλλαξε τη συνείδηση των ασκούμενων στα τέλη του 19ου αιώνα, καθώς οι καλλιτέχνες μπορούσαν τώρα να δουν τον εαυτό τους ως μέρος ενός ξεχωριστού καλλιτεχνικού κινήματος. Ως καλλιτεχνικό κίνημα, η ανατολίτικη ζωγραφική αντιμετωπίζεται γενικά ως ένας από τους πολλούς κλάδους της ακαδημαϊκής τέχνης του 19ου αιώνα. Ωστόσο, υπήρχαν πολλά διαφορετικά είδη ανατολίτικης τέχνης. Οι ιστορικοί της τέχνης τείνουν να αναγνωρίζουν δύο μεγάλους τύπους ανατολίτικου καλλιτέχνη: τους ρεαλιστές, που ζωγράφιζαν προσεκτικά ό,τι παρατηρούσαν, και όσους φαντάστηκαν ανατολίτικες σκηνές χωρίς να φύγουν ποτέ από το στούντιό τους. Γάλλοι ζωγράφοι όπως ο Ευγένιος Ντελακρουά (1798–1863) και ο Ζαν-Λεόν Ζερόμ (1824–1904) θεωρούνται ευρέως ως οι κορυφαίοι του κινήματος του Ανατολισμού.
Ανατολικές σπουδές
Τον 18ο και 19ο αιώνα, ο όρος "Οριενταλιστής" χαρακτήριζε έναν μελετητή, που ειδικευόταν στις γλώσσες και τις λογοτεχνίες του Ανατολικού Κόσμου. Μεταξύ αυτών των μελετητών ήταν Βρετανοί αξιωματούχοι της Εταιρείας των Ανατολικών Ινδιών, οι οποίοι δήλωσαν ότι ο αραβικός πολιτισμός, ο πολιτισμός της Ινδίας και οι ισλαμικοί πολιτισμοί πρέπει να μελετηθούν ως ίσοι με τους πολιτισμούς της Ευρώπης. Μεταξύ αυτών των μελετητών είναι ο φιλόλογος Γουίλιαμ Τζόουνς, του οποίου οι μελέτες ινδοευρωπαϊκών γλωσσών καθιέρωσαν τη σύγχρονη φιλολογία. Η βρετανική αυτοκρατορική στρατηγική στην Ινδία τάχθηκε υπέρ του Ανατολισμού ως τεχνική για την ανάπτυξη καλών σχέσεων με τους ιθαγενείς - μέχρι το 1820, όταν η επιρροή "αγγλικιστών" οδήγησαν στην προώθηση της αγγλοκεντρικής εκπαίδευσης.
Επιπλέον, ο εβραϊσμός και οι εβραϊκές σπουδές κέρδισαν δημοτικότητα μεταξύ Βρετανών και Γερμανών μελετητών τον 19ο και τον 20ο αιώνα. Ο ακαδημαϊκός τομέας των ανατολικών σπουδών, ο οποίος απαρτιζόταν από τους πολιτισμούς της Εγγύς και Άπω Ανατολής, έγινε το πεδίο των ασιατικών σπουδών και των σπουδών της Μέσης Ανατολής.
Επικριτικές μελέτες
Ο Έντουαρντ Σαΐντ επαναπροσδιορίζει τον όρο για να περιγράψει μια διεισδυτική δυτική παράδοση - ακαδημαϊκή και καλλιτεχνική - των προκατειλημμένων εξωτερικών ερμηνειών του ανατολικού κόσμου, που διαμορφώθηκαν από τις πολιτιστικές στάσεις του ευρωπαϊκού ιμπεριαλισμού τον 18ο και του 19ου αιώνα. Η διατριβή του αναπτύσσει τη θεωρία της πολιτιστικής ηγεμονίας του Αντόνιο Γκράμσι και τη θεωρία του Μισέλ Φουκώ για να ασκήσει κριτική στην επιστημονική παράδοση των ανατολικών σπουδών. Ο Σαΐντ άσκησε κριτική στους σύγχρονους μελετητές, που διαιωνίζουν την παράδοση της εξωτερικής ερμηνείας των αραβο-ισλαμικών πολιτισμών.
Στον ακαδημαϊκό κόσμο, το βιβλίο Οριενταλισμός (1978) έγινε ένα θεμελιώδες κείμενο μεταποικιακών πολιτιστικών σπουδών. Επιπλέον, σε σχέση με τον πολιτιστικό θεσμό της ιθαγένειας, ο Οριενταλισμός έχει καταστήσει την έννοια της ιθαγένειας ως πρόβλημα της επιστημολογίας, επειδή η ιθαγένεια προήλθε από έναν κοινωνικό θεσμό του δυτικού κόσμου. Ως εκ τούτου, το πρόβλημα του ορισμού της ιθαγένειας αναδιαμορφώνει την ιδέα της Ευρώπης σε περιόδους κρίσεων.
Υπάρχει επίσης μια τάση κριτικής στον ισλαμικό κόσμο και το 2002 εκτιμάται ότι μόνο στη Σαουδική Αραβία, γράφτηκαν από ντόπιους ή ξένους μελετητές, περίπου 200 βιβλία επικριτικά για τον Ανατολισμό, καθώς και περίπου 2000 άρθρα.
Στην ευρωπαϊκή αρχιτεκτονική και διακόσμηση
Το μορέσκ στυλ της αναγεννησιακής διακόσμησης είναι μια ευρωπαϊκή προσαρμογή του ισλαμικού αραμπέσκ, που ξεκίνησε στα τέλη του 15ου αιώνα και επρόκειτο να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε ορισμένους τύπους έργων, όπως στη βιβλιοδεσία, μέχρι σχεδόν σήμερα.
Ένα από τα πρώτα παραδείγματα πρώιμης αρχιτεκτονικής χρήσης μοτίβων από την ινδική υποήπειρο είναι η πρόσοψη του Guildhall του Λονδίνου (1788–1789). Το στυλ έγινε δημοφιλές στη Δύση.
Τουρκερί (γαλλικά: turquerie) ήταν η ανατολίτικη μόδα στη Δυτική Ευρώπη από τον 16ο ως τον 18ο αιώνα για μίμηση στοιχείων της τουρκικής τέχνης και κουλτούρας στις διακοσμητικές τέχνες, την υιοθέτηση τουρκικής φορεσιάς κατά καιρούς, όσο και το ενδιαφέρον για την τέχνη που απεικόνιζε την ίδια την Οθωμανική Αυτοκρατορία. Η Βενετία, ο παραδοσιακός εμπορικός εταίρος των Οθωμανών, ήταν το παλαιότερο κέντρο, με τη Γαλλία να γίνεται πιο εμφανής τον 18ο αιώνα.
Σινουαζερί είναι ο γενικός όρος για τη μόδα για κινεζικά θέματα στη διακόσμηση στη Δυτική Ευρώπη, ξεκινώντας από τα τέλη του 17ου αιώνα και με κορύφωση ανά κύματα. Από την Αναγέννηση έως τον 18ο αιώνα, οι δυτικοί σχεδιαστές προσπάθησαν να μιμηθούν την τεχνική πολυπλοκότητα των κινεζικών κεραμικών με μερική μόνο επιτυχία. Οι πρώτες νότες εμφανίστηκαν τον 17ο αιώνα σε έθνη με ενεργές εταιρείες της Ανατολικής Ινδίας: Αγγλία, Δανία, Κάτω Χώρες και Γαλλία. Κεραμικά κατασκευασμένα στο Ντελφτ και άλλες ολλανδικές πόλεις υιοθέτησαν τη γνήσια μπλε και λευκή πορσελάνη εποχής Μινγκ από τις αρχές του 17ου αιώνα. Τα πρώιμα κεραμικά είδη, που κατασκευάστηκαν στο Μέισεν, και σε άλλα κέντρα μιμούνταν κινεζικά σχήματα για πιάτα, βάζα και τσαγιέρες.
Μετά το 1860, ο Ιαπωνισμός, που πυροδοτήθηκε από την εισαγωγή του Ουκίγιο-ε, έγινε σημαντική επιρροή στις δυτικές τέχνες. Συγκεκριμένα, πολλοί σύγχρονοι Γάλλοι καλλιτέχνες όπως ο Κλωντ Μονέ και ο Εντγκάρ Ντεγκά επηρεάστηκαν από το ιαπωνικό στυλ.
Η αιγυπτιακή αρχιτεκτονική έγινε δημοφιλής στις αρχές και τα μέσα του 19ου αιώνα και συνεχίστηκε ως ελάσσον στυλ στις αρχές του 20ου αιώνα.
Ανατολίτικη τέχνη
Πριν τον 19ο αιώνα
Απεικονίσεις "Μαυριτανών" και "Τούρκων" (ανακριβώς οριζόμενες μουσουλμανικές ομάδες σε νότια Ευρώπη, Βόρεια Αφρική και Δυτική Ασία) εντοπίζονται στη μεσαιωνική, αναγεννησιακή και μπαρόκ τέχνη.
Στις Βιβλικές σκηνές στην πρώιμη ολλανδική ζωγραφική, σε δευτερεύουσες μορφές, ειδικά στους Ρωμαίους, δόθηκαν εξωτικά κοστούμια, που αντανακλούσαν αχνά τα ρούχα της Εγγύς Ανατολής. Οι Τρεις μάγοι στη Γέννηση του Ιησού ήταν ένα ιδιαίτερο επίκεντρο. Η αναγεννησιακή Βενετία είχε μια φάση ιδιαίτερου ενδιαφέροντος για τις απεικονίσεις της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας στη ζωγραφική. Ο Μπελίνι, που ταξίδεψε στην Κωνσταντινούπολη και ζωγράφισε τον σουλτάνο, και ο Καρπάτσιο ήταν οι κορυφαίοι ζωγράφοι. Μέχρι τότε οι απεικονίσεις ήταν πιο ακριβείς, με άντρες τυπικά ντυμένους στα λευκά. Η απεικόνιση ανατολίτικων χαλιών σε πίνακες ζωγραφικής της Αναγέννησης μερικές φορές τροφοδείται από ανατολίτικο ενδιαφέρον, αλλά πιο συχνά απλώς αντανακλά το κύρος, που είχαν αυτά τα ακριβά αντικείμενα κατά την περίοδο.
Ο Ζαν-Ετιέν Λιοτάρ (1702–1789) επισκέφθηκε την Κωνσταντινούπολη και ζωγράφισε πολλά παστέλ τουρκικών σκηνών της καθημερινότητας. Συνέχισε επίσης να φοράει τουρκική ενδυμασία για μεγάλο χρονικό διάστημα, όταν επέστρεψε στην Ευρώπη. Ο φιλόδοξος Σκωτσέζος καλλιτέχνης του 18ου αιώνα Γκάβιν Χάμιλτον βρήκε μια λύση στο πρόβλημα της χρήσης σύγχρονου ρουχισμού, που θεωρούνταν αντιηρωικός και άκομψος, στην ιστορική ζωγραφική, χρησιμοποιώντας σκηνές της Μέσης Ανατολής με Ευρωπαίους να φορούν τοπική φορεσιά, όπως συμβουλευόταν να κάνουν οι ταξιδιώτες. Πολλοί ταξιδιώτες είχαν ζωγραφιστεί με εξωτική ανατολίτικη φορεσιά κατά την επιστροφή τους, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του Λόρδου Βύρωνα, όπως και πολλοί που δεν είχαν φύγει ποτέ από την Ευρώπη, συμπεριλαμβανομένης της Μαντάμ ντε Πομπαντούρ. Το αυξανόμενο γαλλικό ενδιαφέρον για την εξωτική ανατολίτικη πολυτέλεια και την έλλειψη ελευθερίας τον 18ο αιώνα αντικατοπτρίζει σε κάποιο βαθμό μια έντονη αναλογία με τη δική τους γαλλική απόλυτη μοναρχία. Η ποίηση του Λόρδου Βύρωνα είχε μεγάλη επιρροή στην εισαγωγή της Ευρώπης στον Ρομαντισμό σε εξωτικά ανατολίτικα σκηνικά, κάτι που επρόκειτο να κυριαρχήσει στην ανατολίτικη τέχνη του 19ου αιώνα.
Γαλλικός Οριενταλισμός
Η γαλλική οριενταλιστική ζωγραφική μεταμορφώθηκε από την ανεπιτυχή εισβολή του Ναπολέοντα σε Αίγυπτο και Συρία το 1798–1801, που πυροδότησε μεγάλο δημόσιο ενδιαφέρον για την Αιγυπτιολογία.
Η πρώτη μεγάλη επιτυχία του Ευγένιου Ντελακρουά, η Σφαγή της Χίου το 1824, δημιουργήθηκε, προτού επισκεφθεί ο ίδιος την Ελλάδα, η οποία μαχόταν για ανεξαρτησία από τους Οθωμανούς και θεωρούνταν το ίδιο "εξωτική" με τα πιο μεσανατολίτικα μέρη της αυτοκρατορίας. Ακολούθησε από τον ίδιο το έργο Η Ελλάδα στα ερείπια του Μεσολογγίου. Το 1832, ο Ντελακρουά τελικά κατάφερε να επισκεφθεί την περιοχή της σημερινής Αλγερίας και του Μαρόκου. Εντυπωσιάστηκε πολύ από όσα είδε, συγκρίνοντας τον βορειοαφρικανικό τρόπο ζωής με αυτόν των αρχαίων Ρωμαίων, και συνέχισε να ζωγραφίσει εντυπώσεις από το ταξίδι του κατά την επιστροφή του στη Γαλλία. Όπως πολλοί μεταγενέστεροι Οριενταλιστές ζωγράφοι, οργιζόταν από τη δυσκολία του να ζωγραφίσει γυναίκες και πολλά από τα έργα του παρουσιάζουν Εβραίους ή έφιππους πολεμιστές. Ωστόσο, προφανώς κατάφερε να εισέλθει στο χαρέμι ενός σπιτιού και να ζωγραφίσει τις Γυναίκες του Αλγερίου. Λίγοι μεταγενέστεροι πίνακες ζωγραφικής είχαν τέτοια αυθεντικότητα.
Όταν ο Ζαν Ωγκύστ Ντομινίκ Ενγκρ, διευθυντής της Γαλλικής Ακαδημίας Ζωγραφικής, ζωγράφισε τη δική του οπτική για ένα τουρκικό λουτρό, έκανε την αισθησιακή εκδοχή του για την Ανατολή ευρύτερα αποδεκτή γενικοποιώντας τα γυναικεία σώματα (που μπορεί να ήταν όλα το ίδιο μοντέλο). Στην εξωτική Ανατολή θεωρούνταν αποδεκτός ο πιο ανοιχτός αισθησιασμός. Αυτός ο τρόπος απεικόνισης παρέμεινε στην τέχνη μέχρι και τις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα, όπως φαίνεται από τα ανατολίτικα ημίγυμνα του Ανρί Ματίς και τη χρήση ανατολίτικων φορεσιών και σχεδίων.
Σε πολλά τέτοια έργα, η Ανατολή απεικονίζεται ως εξωτική, πολύχρωμη και αισθησιακή, σχεδόν στερεότυπο. Τέτοια έργα επικεντρώνονταν κυρίως σε αραβικές, εβραϊκές και άλλες σημιτικές κουλτούρες, καθώς με αυτές έρχονταν σε επαφή περισσότερο οι καλλιτέχνες, όσο η Γαλλία ενδιαφερόταν όλο και περισσότερο για την Βόρεια Αφρική. Πολλά έργα ασχολούνταν με τον ισλαμικό πολιτισμό, συχνά περιέχοντας οδαλίσκες.
Βρετανικός Οριενταλισμός
Αν και το βρετανικό πολιτικό ενδιαφέρον για τα εδάφη της Οθωμανικής Αυτοκρατορίας ήταν τόσο έντονο όσο στη Γαλλία, ασκήθηκε κυρίως πιο διακριτικά. Η προέλευση της βρετανικής ανατολίτικης ζωγραφικής του 19ου αιώνα οφείλεται περισσότερο στη θρησκεία παρά στη στρατιωτική κατάκτηση ή στην αναζήτηση τοποθεσιών με γυμνές γυναίκες. Ο κορυφαίος Βρετανός ζωγράφος Σερ Ντέιβιντ Γουίλκι ήταν 55 ετών, όταν ταξίδεψε στην Κωνσταντινούπολη και την Ιερουσαλήμ το 1840. Αν και δεν έχει χαρακτηριστεί θρησκευτικός ζωγράφος, έκανε το ταξίδι με μια προτεσταντική ατζέντα για τη μεταρρύθμιση της θρησκευτικής ζωγραφικής, καθώς πίστευε ότι: "ένας Μαρτίνος Λούθηρος στη ζωγραφική είναι αναγκαίος τόσο πολύ, όσο και στη θεολογία, για να εξαλείψει τις καταχρήσεις, με τις οποίες επιβαρύνεται η θεϊκή μας επιδίωξη", με το οποίο εννοούσε την παραδοσιακή χριστιανική εικονογραφία. Ήλπιζε να βρει πιο αυθεντικές σκηνές και διακόσμηση για Βιβλικά θέματα στην τοποθεσία τους αυτή καθεαυτή, αν και ο θάνατός του στο Γιβραλτάρ τον εμπόδισε . Άλλοι καλλιτέχνες είχαν παρόμοια κίνητρα, δίνοντας έμφαση στον ρεαλισμό στη βρετανική ανατολίτικη τέχνη από την αρχή. Ο Γάλλος καλλιτέχνης Τζέιμς Τισό χρησιμοποίησε επίσης σύγχρονο τοπίο και διακόσμηση της Μέσης Ανατολής για βιβλικά θέματα, με μικρή προσοχή στις ιστορικές φορεσιές ή σε άλλα είδη.
Ο Γουίλιαμ Χόλμαν Χαντ δημιούργησε μια σειρά από σημαντικούς Βιβλικούς πίνακες με βάση τα ταξίδια του στη Μέση Ανατολή, αυτοσχεδιαστικές παραλλαγές σύγχρονων αραβικών ενδυμάτων και επίπλων για να αποφύγει συγκεκριμένα ισλαμικά στιλ, καθώς και ορισμένα τοπία και θέματα.
Άλλοι καλλιτέχνες επικεντρώθηκαν στη ζωγραφική τοπίου, συχνά σε σκηνές της ερήμου. Ο Ντέιβιντ Ρόμπερτς (1796–1864) παρήγαγε αρχιτεκτονικά τοπία, πολλά από αρχαιότητες, και δημοσίευσε πολύ επιτυχημένα βιβλία λιθογραφιών από αυτά.
Αλλού
Η ρωσική ανατολίτικη τέχνη ασχολήθηκε σε μεγάλο βαθμό με τις περιοχές της Κεντρικής Ασίας, που η Ρωσία είχε κατακτήσει κατά τη διάρκεια του αιώνα, καθώς και στην ιστορική ζωγραφική με τους Μογγόλους, που είχαν κυριαρχήσει στη Ρωσία για μεγάλο μέρος του Μεσαίωνα και σπάνια αποτυπώνονταν με "καλό μάτι". Οι εθνικιστικοί ιστορικοί πίνακες στην Κεντρική Ευρώπη και τα Βαλκάνια βασίστηκαν στην τουρκική καταπίεση, με σκηνές μάχης και κορίτσια που έπεφταν θύματα βιασμού.
Η ανάλυση του Σαΐντ δεν εμπόδισε την έντονη αναβίωση του ενδιαφέροντος και τη συλλογή έργων Ανατολισμού του 19ου αιώνα από τη δεκαετία του '70. Ξεκίνησε σε μεγάλο βαθμό από αγοραστές της Μέσης Ανατολής.
Ελληνικός Οριενταλισμός
Ο Οριενταλισμός και η ελληνική ηθογραφία δεν έχουν σαφή όρια, καθώς οι σκηνές της καθημερινότητας κατά τον 18ο-19ο αιώνα είχαν ακόμα έντονο ανατολίτικο χαρακτήρα. Χαρακτηριστικοί εκπρόσωποι του 19ου αιώνα είναι οι Νικηφόρος Λύτρας, Νικόλαος Γύζης, Θεόδωρος Ράλλης, Άγγελος Γιαλλινάς, Συμεών Σαββίδης.
Ποπ κουλτούρα
Συγγραφείς και συνθέτες δεν αναφέρονται συνήθως ως "Οριενταλιστές" με τον τρόπο που το κάνουν οι καλλιτέχνες και σχετικά λίγοι ειδικεύονται σε ανατολίτικα θέματα ή στυλ ή είναι πιο γνωστοί για τα έργα τους, συμπεριλαμβανομένων αυτών. Ωστόσο, πολλές σημαντικές προσωπικότητες, από τον Μότσαρτ έως τον Φλωμπέρ, έχουν παράγει σημαντικά έργα με ανατολίτικα θέματα. Ο Λόρδος Βύρων στην ποίηση είναι ένας από τους σημαντικότερους συγγραφείς, που κατέστησε τα εξωτικά φανταστικά σκηνικά της Ανατολής σημαντικό θέμα στη λογοτεχνία του Ρομαντισμού. Η όπερα Αΐντα του Τζουζέπε Βέρντι (1871) λαμβάνει χώρα στην Αίγυπτο, όπως απεικονίζεται μέσω του περιεχομένου και του οπτικού θεάματος. Η Αΐντα απεικονίζει μια στρατιωτική τυραννία της Αιγύπτου έναντι της Αιθιοπίας.
Ο ιρλανδικός Ανατολισμός είχε έναν ιδιαίτερο χαρακτήρα, αντλώντας από διάφορες πεποιθήσεις σχετικά με τους πρώιμους ιστορικούς δεσμούς μεταξύ Ιρλανδίας και Ανατολής, λίγους εκ των οποίων πλέον θεωρούνται ως ιστορικά σωστοί. Οι μυθικοί Μιλέσιοι είναι ένα παράδειγμα αυτού. Οι Ιρλανδοί συνειδητοποίησαν επίσης τις απόψεις άλλων εθνών, που τους θεωρούσαν συγκρίσιμους με την Ανατολή και τους χαρακτήριζαν η "Ανατολή της Ευρώπης".
Μουσική
Στη μουσική, ο Οριενταλισμός μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί σε στιλ που εμφανίζονται σε διαφορετικές περιόδους, όπως το "α λα τούρκα", που χρησιμοποιείται από πολλούς συνθέτες, συμπεριλαμβανομένων των Μότσαρτ και Λούντβιχ βαν Μπετόβεν. Ο Αμερικανός μουσικολόγος Ρίτσαρντ Ταρούσκιν έχει αναγνωρίσει στη ρωσική μουσική του 19ου αιώνα ένα στέλεχος Οριενταλισμού: "Η Ανατολή ως σημάδι ή μεταφορά, ως φανταστική γεωγραφία, ως ιστορική μυθοπλασία, ως ο "άλλος", εναντίον του οποίου κατασκευάζουμε την (όχι λιγότερο μειωτική και συνολική) αίσθηση του εαυτού μας". Παραδέχεται ότι Ρώσοι συνθέτες, σε αντίθεση με εκείνους της Γαλλίας και της Γερμανίας, ένιωσαν "αμφιθυμία" για το θέμα, δεδομένου ότι "η Ρωσία ήταν μια αυτοκρατορία, στην οποία οι Ευρωπαίοι, που ζούσαν δίπλα-δίπλα με "Ανατολίτες", ταυτίζονταν μαζί τους και έκαναν και μεικτούς γάμους πολύ περισσότερο από ό,τι στην περίπτωση άλλων αποικιακών δυνάμεων".
Παρ' όλα αυτά, ο Ταρούσκιν χαρακτηρίζει τον Ανατολισμό στη ρομαντική ρωσική μουσική ως μελωδίες "γεμάτες στολίδια και μελίσματα", χρωματικές συνοδευτικές γραμμές, μπάσα, χαρακτηριστικά που χρησιμοποιήθηκαν από τους Μιχαήλ Γκλίνκα, Μίλι Μπαλάκιρεφ, Αλεξάντρ Μποροντίν, Νικολάι Ρίμσκι-Κόρσακοφ, Σεργκέι Λιαπούνοφ και Σεργκέι Ραχμάνινοφ.
Ο Ανατολισμός ανιχνεύεται επίσης στη μουσική, που θεωρείται ότι έχει επιδράσεις εξωτισμού, συμπεριλαμβανομένου του ιαπωνισμού στη μουσική πιάνου του Κλωντ Ντεμπυσσύ μέχρι το σιτάρ, που χρησιμοποιείται στις ηχογραφήσεις των Beatles.
Λογοτεχνία
Το κίνημα του Ρομαντισμού στη λογοτεχνία ξεκίνησε το 1785 και έληξε γύρω στο 1830. Ο όρος Ρομαντικός αναφέρεται στις ιδέες και τον πολιτισμό, που οι συγγραφείς της εποχής αντανακλούσαν στο έργο τους. Κατά τη διάρκεια αυτής της περιόδου, ο πολιτισμός και τα αντικείμενα της Ανατολής άρχισαν να έχουν βαθιά επίδραση στην Ευρώπη. Εκτεταμένα ταξίδια από καλλιτέχνες και μέλη της ευρωπαϊκής ελίτ έφεραν ταξιδιωτικές ιστορίες και συγκλονιστικές αφηγήσεις στη Δύση δημιουργώντας μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον για όλα τα "ξένα" πράγματα. Ο Ρομαντικός Οριενταλισμός ενσωματώνει γεωγραφικές τοποθεσίες Αφρικής και Ασίας, γνωστές αποικιακές και "ιθαγενείς" προσωπικότητες, λαογραφία και φιλοσοφίες για τη δημιουργία ενός λογοτεχνικού περιβάλλοντος αποικιακής εξερεύνησης από μια ευδιάκριτη ευρωπαϊκή κοσμοθεωρία. Η τρέχουσα τάση στην ανάλυση αυτού του κινήματος αναφέρει την πίστη σε αυτήν τη λογοτεχνία ως έναν τρόπο για να δικαιολογηθούν οι ευρωπαϊκές αποικιακές προσπάθειες επεκτατισμού.
Στο μυθιστόρημά του Σαλαμπό, ο Γκυστάβ Φλωμπέρ χρησιμοποίησε την αρχαία Καρχηδόνα στη Βόρεια Αφρική ως αντίποδα της αρχαίας Ρώμης. Απεικόνισε τον πολιτισμό της ως ηθικά αλλοιωμένο και με επικίνδυνα σαγηνευτικό ερωτισμό. Αυτό το μυθιστόρημα αποδείχθηκε εξαιρετικά ισχυρή επιρροή σε μεταγενέστερες απεικονίσεις αρχαίων σημιτικών πολιτισμών.
Κινηματογράφος
Ο Σαΐντ υποστηρίζει ότι η συνέχεια του Οριενταλισμού στο παρόν βρίσκεται σε εικόνες με επιρροή, ιδιαίτερα μέσω του αμερικανικού Κινηματογράφου, καθώς η Δύση έχει πλέον εξελιχθεί, ώστε να συμπεριλαμβάνει και τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες. Πολλές ταινίες μεγάλου μήκους, όπως η σειρά Ιντιάνα Τζόουνς, οι ταινίες Η Μούμια και οι ταινίες της Ντίσνεϋ Αλαντίν δείχνουν τις φανταστικές γεωγραφίες της Ανατολής. Οι ταινίες απεικονίζουν συνήθως τους πρωταγωνιστές ήρωες από τον Δυτικό Κόσμο, ενώ οι κακοί συχνά προέρχονται από την Ανατολή. Η αναπαράσταση της Ανατολής συνεχίστηκε στον κινηματογράφο, αν και αυτή η αναπαράσταση δεν εμπεριέχει απαραίτητα κάποια αλήθεια.
Ο υπερβολικά αισθησιακός χαρακτήρας της πριγκίπισσας Γιασμίν στον Αλαντίν είναι απλώς συνέχεια των έργων του 19ου αιώνα, όπου οι γυναίκες αναπαριστούνταν ως ερωτικές, σεξουαλικές φαντασιώσεις.
Ακόμα, στην ταινία Αναμνήσεις μιας Γκέισας (2005), υποστηρίζεται ότι περιέχονται ανατολίτικα κλισέ και βαθιές "πολιτιστικές λανθασμένες απεικονίσεις". Η ταινία "ενισχύει την ιδέα για τον ιαπωνικό πολιτισμό και την Γκέισα ως κάτι εξωτικό, οπισθοδρομικό, παράλογο, βρώμικο, βέβηλο, ασύδοτο, περίεργο και αινιγματικό".
Χορός
Κατά τη ρομαντική περίοδο του 19ου αιώνα, το μπαλέτο επικεντρώθηκε πολύ στο "εξωτικό" στοιχείο. Αυτός ο εξωτισμός κυμαινόταν από μπαλέτα στη Σκωτία μέχρι και μπαλέτα για αιθέρια πλάσματα. Μέχρι το τέλος του αιώνα, τα μπαλέτα είχαν συλλάβει την υποτιθέμενη ουσία της μυστηριώδους Ανατολής. Αυτά τα μπαλέτα συχνά περιελάμβαναν σεξουαλικά θέματα και έτειναν να βασίζονται σε υποθέσεις ανθρώπων και όχι σε συγκεκριμένα γεγονότα. Ο Ανατολισμός είναι εμφανής σε πολλά έργα.
Η Ανατολή αποτέλεσε έμπνευση για πολλά μεγάλα μπαλέτα, τα οποία έχουν επιβιώσει από τα τέλη του 19ου και στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα. Ο Κουρσάρος έκανε πρεμιέρα το 1856 στην Όπερα του Παρισιού. Η περίπλοκη ιστορία του, βασισμένη στο ποίημα του Λόρδου Βύρωνα, λαμβάνει χώρα στην Τουρκία και επικεντρώνεται σε μια ιστορία αγάπης μεταξύ ενός πειρατή και μιας όμορφης σκλάβας. Οι σκηνές περιλαμβάνουν ένα παζάρι, όπου οι γυναίκες πωλούνται σε άνδρες ως σκλάβες, και το παλάτι του Πασά, το οποίο διαθέτει το χαρέμι του. Το 1877, παρουσιάστηκε η Μπαγιαντέρα, η ιστορία αγάπης μιας Ινδής χορεύτριας σε ναό και ενός Ινδού πολεμιστή. Το μπαλέτο χρησιμοποίησε αόριστα ινδική ενδυμασία και ενσωμάτωσε χειρονομίες εμπνευσμένες από την Ινδία στο κλασικό μπαλέτο. Επιπλέον, περιλάμβανε έναν «Ινδικό χορό», εμπνευσμένο από το καθάκ, μια ινδική μορφή χορού. Ένα άλλο μπαλέτο, η Σεχραζάντ, του 1910 σε μουσική του Ρίμσκι-Κόρσακοφ, είναι μια ιστορία για τη σύζυγο ενός σάχη και τις παράνομες σχέσεις της με έναν Χρυσό Σκλάβο. Η αμφιλεγόμενη προσήλωση του μπαλέτου στο σεξ περιλαμβάνει ένα όργιο σε ανατολίτικο χαρέμι. Όταν ο σάχης ανακαλύπτει τις πράξεις των πολυάριθμων συζύγων του και των εραστών τους, διατάζει τους θανάτους των εμπλεκομένων. Το μπαλέτο βασίστηκε σε παραμύθια αμφισβητήσιμης γνησιότητας.
Ως μία από τις πρωτοπόρες του σύγχρονου χορού στην Αμερική, η Ρουθ Σεντ Ντένις εξερεύνησε επίσης τον Οριενταλισμό στο χορό της. Οι χοροί της δεν ήταν αυθεντικοί. Εμπνεύστηκε από φωτογραφίες, βιβλία και αργότερα από μουσεία στην Ευρώπη. Ωστόσο, ο εξωτισμός των χορών της εξυπηρέτησε τα συμφέροντα των γυναικών της κοινωνίας στην Αμερική.
Ενώ ο οριενταλισμός στο χορό κορυφώθηκε στα τέλη του 19ου και στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα, εξακολουθεί να υπάρχει στη σύγχρονη εποχή. Με έμπνευση από μπαλέτα του παρελθόντος, έχουν αναπτυχθεί και παραμείνουν στερεοτυπικές "ανατολίτικες" κινήσεις και θέσεις βραχίονα.
Θρησκεία
Μια ανταλλαγή δυτικών και ανατολικών ιδεών περί πνευματικότητας αναπτύχθηκε, καθώς η Δύση εγκαθίδρυσε αποικίες στην Ασία και συνέχισε το εμπόριο με αυτές. Η πρώτη δυτική μετάφραση ενός σανσκριτικού κειμένου εμφανίστηκε το 1785, σηματοδοτώντας το αυξανόμενο ενδιαφέρον για τον ινδικό πολιτισμό και τις γλώσσες. Οι μεταφράσεις των Ουπανισάδων, έργο που ο Αρθούρος Σοπενάουερ αποκάλεσε "παρηγοριά της ζωής του", εμφανίστηκαν για πρώτη φορά το 1801 και το 1802. Οι πρώτες μεταφράσεις εμφανίστηκαν επίσης και σε άλλες ευρωπαϊκές γλώσσες. Ο υπερκειμενισμός του 19ου αιώνα επηρεάστηκε από την ασιατική πνευματικότητα.
Μια σημαντική δύναμη στην αμοιβαία επιρροή ανατολικής και δυτικής πνευματικότητας και θρησκευτικότητας ήταν η Θεοσοφική Εταιρεία, μια ομάδα που έψαχνε την αρχαία σοφία από την Ανατολή και διέδωσε τις ανατολικές θρησκευτικές ιδέες στη Δύση. Ένα από τα εμφανή χαρακτηριστικά της Θεοσοφίας ήταν η πίστη στους "Δάσκαλους της Σοφίας", "όντα, ανθρώπινα ή κάποτε ανθρώπινα, που έχουν ξεπεράσει τα φυσιολογικά σύνορα της γνώσης και που κάνουν τη σοφία τους διαθέσιμη σε άλλους". Η Θεοσοφική Εταιρεία διέδωσε επίσης δυτικές ιδέες στην Ανατολή, συμβάλλοντας στον εκσυγχρονισμό της και στον αυξανόμενο εθνικισμό στις ασιατικές αποικίες.
Η Θεοσοφική Εταιρεία είχε σημαντική επιρροή στον βουδιστικό μοντερνισμό και στα ινδουιστικά μεταρρυθμιστικά κινήματα. Η Ελένα Μπλαβάτσκυ, μαζί με τους Χένρι Στιλ Όλκοτ και Anagarika Dharmapala, έπαιξαν καθοριστικό ρόλο στη δυτική μετάδοση και αναβίωση του Βουδισμού Θεραβάντα.
Μια άλλη σημαντική επιρροή ήταν ο Βιβεκανάντα, ο οποίος διέδωσε την εκσυγχρονισμένη ερμηνεία του για την Αντβάιτα Βεντάντα κατά τα τέλη του 19ου και στις αρχές του 20ού αιώνα τόσο στην Ινδία όσο και στη Δύση, δίνοντας έμφαση στην ανουμπάβα ("προσωπική εμπειρία") αντί για τα γραπτά.
Παραπομπές
Πηγές
Beard, David and Kenneth Gloag. 2005. Musicology: The Key Concepts. New York: Routledge.
Cristofi, Renato Brancaglione. Architectural Orientalism in São Paulo - 1895 - 1937. 2016. São Paulo: University of São Paulo online, accessed July 11, 2018
Harding, James, Artistes Pompiers: French Academic Art in the 19th Century, 1979, Academy Editions,
C F Ives, "The Great Wave: The Influence of Japanese Woodcuts on French Prints", 1974, The Metropolitan Museum of Art,
Gabriel, Karen & P.K. Vijayan (2012): Orientalism, terrorism and Bombay cinema, Journal of Postcolonial Writing, 48:3, 299–310
Holloway, Steven W., ed. (2006). Orientalism, Assyriology and the Bible. Hebrew Bible Monographs, 10. Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2006.
King, Donald and Sylvester, David eds. The Eastern Carpet in the Western World, From the 15th to the 17th century, Arts Council of Great Britain, London, 1983,
Mack, Rosamond E. Bazaar to Piazza: Islamic Trade and Italian Art, 1300–1600, University of California Press, 2001
Meagher, Jennifer. Orientalism in Nineteenth-Century Art. In Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. online, accessed April 11, 2011
Nochlin, Linda, The Imaginary Orient, 1983, page numbers from reprint in The nineteenth-century visual culture reader,google books, a reaction to Rosenthal's exhibition and book.
Said, Edward W. Orientalism. New York: Pantheon Books, 1978 ).
Taruskin, Richard. Defining Russia Musically. Princeton University Press, 1997 .
Tromans, Nicholas, and others, The Lure of the East, British Orientalist Painting, 2008, Tate Publishing,
Πηγές - Εξωτερικοί σύνδεσμοι
The Orientalist Painters
Arab world in art
Arab women in art
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Alan Stokes, https://stackoverflow.com/users/212870, https://stackoverflow.com/users/3159253, https://stackoverflow.com/users/458429, szli, user3159253
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Understanding virtual table in multiple inheritance
I have a class implementing two abstract classes, like the following. No virtual inheritance. No data member.
class IFace1 {
public:
virtual void fcn(int abc) = 0;
};
class IFace2 {
public:
virtual void fcn1(int abc) = 0;
};
class RealClass: public IFace1, public IFace2 {
public:
void fcn(int a) {
}
void fcn1(int a) {
}
};
And I find the vtable and object memory layout for RealClass is like the following.
Vtable for RealClass
RealClass::_ZTV9RealClass: 7u entries
0 (int (*)(...))0
8 (int (*)(...))(& _ZTI9RealClass)
16 (int (*)(...))RealClass::fcn
24 (int (*)(...))RealClass::fcn1
32 (int (*)(...))-8
40 (int (*)(...))(& _ZTI9RealClass)
48 (int (*)(...))RealClass::_ZThn8_N9RealClass4fcn1Ei
Class RealClass
size=16 align=8
base size=16 base align=8
RealClass (0x2af836d010e0) 0
vptr=((& RealClass::_ZTV9RealClass) + 16u)
IFace1 (0x2af836cfa5a0) 0 nearly-empty
primary-for RealClass (0x2af836d010e0)
IFace2 (0x2af836cfa600) 8 nearly-empty
vptr=((& RealClass::_ZTV9RealClass) + 48u)
I am confused about this. What is RealClass::_ZThn8_N9RealClass4fcn1Ei? Why the vptr of IFace2 points to that? What happens when I call fcn1 from IFace2 *? How does the program finds RealClass::fcn1 in the Vtable of RealClass? I guess it somehow need to use the IFace2 vptr, but not clear exactly how.
There are many ways of implementing this. A good, well-documented one is http://refspecs.linuxbase.org/cxxabi-1.83.html (but it may not match the one you're using).
Try looking at the code generated for such a call?
RealClass::_ZThn8_N9RealClass4fcn1Ei is a RealClass::non-virtual thunk to RealClass::fcn1(int) which is probably intended for inlining and other call optimizations. Hint: c++filt program is your friend.
I think the RealClass::_ZThn8_N9RealClass4fcn1Ei is the magic function gcc put to direct function call to RealClass::fcn1. When we make call to fcn1 using a IFace2*, it simply call the function that is pointed by its vptr
Warning: Most of the stuff below is of course implementation and platform dependent and simplified. I'll follow the way I see it is implemented in your examples -- probably GCC, 64-bits.
First, what is the contract for instances of virtual classes? E.g. if you have a variable IFace1* obj:
There is a pointer to virtual table at obj+0.
Any member data fields would continue at obj+8 (sizeof(void*)).
The virtual table contains one record which points to void fcn(int) at vtbl+0.
In the table, there is also a pointer to typeinfo of the class at vtbl-8 (used by dynamic_cast etc.) and "offset to base" at vtbl-16.
Any function which sees a variable of type IFace1* can depend on this being true. Similarly for IFace2*.
If they want to call the virtual function void fcn(int), they look at obj+0 to get the vtable, then at vtbl+0 and call the address found there. this is set to obj.
If they want to access a member field (by themselves, e.g. if the field has public access, or if there is an inline accessor), they just read/write the member at its address obj+xxx.
If they want to see what type they really have, they subtract the value at vtbl-16 from the address to their object, then look at the typeinfo pointer of the vtable referenced by the base object.
Now, how can you compiler satisfy these requirements for a class with multiple inheritance?
1) First it needs to generate the structure for itself. The virtual table pointer must be at obj+0, so there it is. How will the table look like? Well, the offset to base is 0, obviously, the typeinfo data and pointer to it is generated easily, then the first virtual function and the second, nothing special. Anyone who knows the definition of RealClass can do the same calculations, so they know where to find the functions in the vtable etc.
2) Then it goes to make it possible to let RealClass be passed around as IFace1. So it needs to have a pointer to virtual table in the IFace1 format somewhere in the object, then the virtual table must have that one record for void fcn(int).
The compiler is clever and sees that it can reuse the first virtual table it has generated, because it complies with these requirements. If there were any member fields, they would be stored after the first pointer to the virtual table, so even them could be accessed simply as if the derived class was the base one. So far so good.
3) Finally, what to do with the object so others will be able to use it as IFace2? The one vtable already created cannot be used anymore, because IFace2 needs its void fcn1(int) to be at vtbl+0.
So another virtual table is created, the one you see immediately following the first one in your dump, and a pointer to it is stored in RealClass at the next available place. This second table needs to have offset to base set to -8, because the real object starts at offset -8. And it contains just the pointer to that IFace2 virtual function, void fcn1(int).
The virtual pointer in the object (at offset obj+8) would be then followed by any member data fields of IFace2, so that any inherited or inline functions could again work when given the pointer to this interface.
OK, now how can someone call the fcn1() from IFace2? What is that non-virtual thunk to RealClass::fcn1(int)?
If you pass your RealClass* pointer to a stranger function which takes IFace2*, the compiler will emit code to increase your pointer by 8 (or however large sizeof(void*) + sizeof(IFace1) is), so that the function gets the pointer which starts with the virtual table pointer of IFace2, then its member fields -- just as agreed in the contract I outlined earlier.
When that function wants to call void IFace2::fcn1(int), it looks into the virtual table, goes to the record of this particular function (the first and only one) and calls it, with this set to the address being passed as pointer to IFace2.
And here arises a problem: If someone invokes this method implemented in RealClass on a RealClass pointer, this points to the base of RealClass. The same with IFace1. But if it is invoked by someone having a pointer to the IFace2 interface, this points 8 (or however many) bytes into the object instead!
So the compiler would need to generate the function multiple times to accomodate this, otherwise it could not access member fields and other methods correctly, as it differs depending on who is calling the method.
Instead of having the code really twice, the compiler optimizes this by creating that hidden implicit small thunk function instead, which just
decreases the this pointer by the proper amount,
calls the real method, which can now work fine regardless of who invoked it.
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Procris là chi thực vật có hoa trong họ Tầm ma.
Các loài
Chi này gồm các loài:
Procris crenata C.B.Rob.
Procris pedunculata (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Wedd.
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
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What's the point in holding a second Brexit referendum?
Closely related to: What would be the subject of a second Brexit Referendum?
Currently, there is discussion about a possible second referendum fueled by Labour, and there seems to be the publicly voiced conception that Lord Kerr (who is regarded as being somewhat authorative) sees it perfectly possible that UK revokes its Article 50 notification, and this just works out.
In particular:
If, having looked into abyss, we changed our minds about withdrawal, we certainly could - and no-one in Brussels could stop us.
That's quite problematic, considering that not just the UK has looked into abyss, but the remaining states have as well. Even assuming it was technically possible to simply stop Brexit now, it couldn't possibly work that way practically, since it would serve as a precedent for copycats invoking Article 50 over and over again regularly, every time causing billions of damage to economy and causing a massive destabilization of the entire union, effectively being a means of blackmailing co-member states. So, from a purely practical point of view, this is actually not something that should be remotely possible.
Also, back in 2017, the EU Commission explicitly stated earlier the same day UK filed the notification that whether or not to give notification is everybody's discrete decision, but the notification is a do-once point-of-no-return thing. This was well-understood by all parties.
That point of view does seem to make sense, too. After all, invoking Article 50 and giving the notice is akin to telling your wife: "I slept with your sister, and now I want the divorce". You cannot take this back, once you said it.
Now, looking more closely and not taking one sentence out of context, it seems like Kerr himself indeed is not as absolutely positive about it as it may seem, either:
The European union is a union of democracies. If this Parliament asked – and our Government conveyed our request – for an extension, in my judgement it would certainly be given.
Now wait a moment. He said "ask", not "inform" or "tell". Ask implies the other side can say "no". Also, he said "extension", not "reversal". Also, extension would (likely) be given, in his judgement.
So that doesn't look quite as confident, and indeed suggests that UK cannot just unilaterally revoke Brexit. Or, at all.
Rather, it looks like they might kind of ask for mercy (sorry for the slightly provocative wording) and if the remaining member states decide so (which Kerr believes would happen) then an extension would be granted. Extension, not reversal. That's a totally different thing, altogether.
Time to look what's actually in that infamous Article 50. There is nothing in there that I can see which suggests it is possible to revoke at all. In my understanding, the wording, in particular sentence (3)
... failing that, two years after the notification [...] unless the European Council, in agreement with the Member State concerned, unanimously decides to extend this period
suggests exactly what Kerr expects in his second quote: The remaining states would have to decide, unanimously, that they're happy with granting an extension (...to the exit negotiation period). Assuming only a single member state disagrees, bad luck, the lights just go out end of March.
Of course, UK could, following Brexit, apply again to become a member state according to Article 49. Indeed, Article 50 explicitly states that. However, this obviously wouldn't just work, it would be subject to fulfilling all of the basic conditions, plus some. Also it would be subject to member states agreeing. Surely, member states would expect to get "paid" (one way or the other) for the economic damages they've had from the uncertainity caused by Brexit, it seems unlikely they'd just shrug and move on.
tl;dr
So, considering that a second referendum and attempting a full U-turn half a year before Day X would be most devastating in terms of credibility (both internally and externally), but also stopping the Brexit does not seem to be possible at all ("extension" does not mean the same as "reversal"), what would be the point in holding such a referendum in the first place?
In my opinion, at this point in time, it can only make things worse, not better.
This isn't a question but a rant with an implicit "Don't you agree?" at the end.
The initial Brexit referendum was flawed from the Leave-Campaign operating with false numbers and flat-out misinformation, e.g. the 350 million pounds for the NHS.
As the referendum concluded with a narrow win for the Leave side, there was/is no clear strategy on how to leave the EU, i.e. soft vs. hard Brexit. Theresa May's "Brexit means Brexit" is somewhat telling.
Thus, after the UK government negotiates with the EU on the conditions for leaving, the people finally learn what Brexit really means, apart from meaning Brexit.
So the point of a second referendum would be:
redress the flaw of the Leave Campaign winning by lies
let the population vote on an actual proposal, in contrast to the first referendum, which was on "Imagine your own, ideal Brexit"TM
IMO, the first point is the most pertinent, since no democracy can afford to let the people's trust in the validity of elections erode. If, there are cases of actual voting fraud, an election is very likely to be invalidated with the need to repeat the election. If, on the other hand, a campaign is caught blatantly lying, there should be similar repercussions.
When a campaign is able to win an election with lies, and afterwards fights a repetition of that very election by arguing that the repetition would undermine democracy. Then, the democracy, or the people's trust in democracy, takes damage.
As a secondary point to the above, the set of people entitled to vote in the referendum was considerably smaller than the set of people that would be affected by the decision. If you were a UK citizen but resident elsewhere in the EU, no vote. If you were an EU citizen resident in the UK, but not a UK citizen, no vote. There's also the principle that a major, irreversible, constitutional question like this should require a supermajority to enact, rather than only a plurality.
@Chromatix. I am a UK citizen resident elsewhere in the EU, and I voted. You had to be non-resident in the UK for 15 years to lose your vote. (You also omitted young people who will be affected for longest and couldn't vote.)
The EU and some individual member states have gone on record saying that Article 50 can be revoked. The author of Article 50 agrees (and he is British). So it can be stopped.
Even if stopping were not an option, there are other things that could be voted on.
Should whatever deal is done be accepted?
If not, should the government have to try to re-negotiate or just leave with no deal?
Stay in the Single Market and Customs Union (like Norway)
Join EFTA
Even if cancelling Article 50 is impossible, re-apply for membership during the transition period
Well, that author happens to be Lord Kerr. And as pointed out in the Q, he didn't quite say that, exactly. When did the EU state that Art 50 can be revoked? Do you have an official source?
@Damon, they haven't said it can, or that it can't. Yet. https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-45601394
Whether the EU will accept it being revoked is entirely a political question. They will just change any rule to suit whatever decision they make.
"Can be revoked" is totally different from "can be revoked by Britain alone without agreement from the (majority/all) EU states".
Nobody doubted that it can be revoked.
Quote from The Independent: “Late last year, the European Court of Justice decided that the U.K. can revoke Article 50 (cancel Brexit).
The answer depends on your point of view.
If you want to Leave, there is no point in a second vote.
If you want to Remain, the point is that you might win the second time.
If you think this is overly cynical, look at the evidence. It's possible I've missed something, but I haven't seen a single Leave advocate who has argued for a second vote. And I know that before the first vote a lot of Remainers said the vote would be the first and only one. But I haven't seen any recent examples of a Remain advocate arguing forcefully against another vote.
This does not really answer the question: The Q is explicitly about what a (hypothetical) win for the Remain side would mean in practice - reversal of Art.50 invocation, new negotiations... .
Even if you want to leave, isn't a second referendum an opportunity that with current knowledge this is still the consensus?
Otherwise known as a "loser's vote" or a "do-over"
Actually before they won many leave voters are on record as saying they wanted another one. Of course that changed fast once they saw the result.
From outside UK I believe that there are three possible outcomes of the Brexit process that could be asked about in a poll:
1) remain
2) leave without deal
3) accept the deal as it stands
The parliament and government seems to be hung between 2) and 3), so the democratic question would be to select between these two. The decision to leave has already been voted on, now it is only about the details.
But politics is not always ( or possibly seldom ) about logics.
The official line (from the UK) seems to be that negotiations are still going on for a new deal. It's highly disputed though, as foreignpolicy.com points out.
Now that how it actually can be done becomes known and the blatant lies are exposed, assuming that nobody thinks it was a bad idea from the start, or just disregarding them out of hand, is pretty presumptuous.
To say that Parliment is stuck between 2 and 3 is to ignore most of the last 3 years. And the news of the last week. Such as Labour, LibDems SNP, which is pretty much what the Government has done for the whole Article 50 period.
That's pathetic and dishonest. The referendum was 40 months ago. We had elections after 25 months, and Johnson wants another election after 28 months, so there is no sane reason not to have another referendum with the full choice of options.
I suppose if it is suspected that Russia influenced public opinion on Brexit, and they realize they've been deceived, then it might be better for the health of the UK and the EU to change their minds than to say "whelp, you tricked us, but I guess we have to follow through with the consequences of being tricked."
Articles suggesting a Russian propaganda involvement related to Brexit:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2018/jun/17/why-isnt-there-greater-outrage-about-russian-involvement-in-brexit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_2016_Brexit_referendum
https://www.cnn.com/2018/07/04/uk/uk-brexit-russia-links-arron-banks-intl/index.html
Support in the UK for Brexit has deteriorated since the initial vote, which I'd suspect correlates with increased knowledge of Russian interference, as well as the public becoming better-informed about the consequences of Brexit. A recent poll suggests that 54% of UK citizens want to remain in the EU and 46% want to exit. At the time of this article from May 2018, the results of 14 consecutive YouGov polls all reflected a preference to remain rather than exit.
Also, I believe the Brexit referendum was not precisely legally-binding. Although, it's complicated.
https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/brexit-deal-european-union-eu27-withdrawal-bill-8-december-is-it-binding-a8105936.html
If these allegations are true, that would indeed be a valid reason to do a second referendum (but... in June 2017, not now). Though the allegations came from Cameron who was the very same person initiating the poll in the first place, so I'd say they're a bit dubious. I mean, first he initiates the poll, and then he says "Russians would be happy about a positive result". That being said, poll invalid or not, binding or not, having handed in the leave note is legally binding. Only "clean" way out might have been re-voting and revoking early as soon as allegations came up.
In that case, I could see how the EU might have said: "OK, looks like maybe you guys were tricked, and you changed mind on that base, so we will just ignore that you gave us notice". Maybe. Who knows. Would have been a possibility. But over one year after that, I can't see this being a valid argument any more.
UK referendums are historically uncommon, scotiparture and brexit are the only referendums that i recall from the previous 30 years. So, they are more of an exceptional measure, with a vague description in UK law. Other countries have clearer constitutional descriptions of referendums to predefine yes percentages, and other conditions necessary for various types of decisions.
A second EU referendum asks the same question as the first: Do you want to come out of the EU, A populist question which encourages a 50/50 result, by it's vague, nebulous, popular connotation.
A second referendum is therefore an exotic and somewhat illogical political process. It voids/reverses the result and the authenticity of the first referendum using the same question, some years later.
The point of promising another referendum shortly after the first, is a politician's election tool, to cater for foreign pressures that are opposed to the results of the first referendum, and obey international diplomatic pressure to reverse the result of the first referendum.
The previous EEC / EU referendums of 1975 and 2016 were also election promises. The 2021 election promise is also a pledge by the opposing party leader.
Suppose that constitutional rights were subject to a referendum, and the referendum required 3 years to pass into law, and resulted in international diplomatic pressure and revenge policies against the nation that had the referendum, like trade wars, import export bans, travel restrictions...
Then, sufficient foreign diplomatic pressure would have been exerted on the nation that had voted in the referendum, so that a politician who accepted the referendum, decides that he has changed his mind, and wishes to negate the first referendum and to organize a second one.
Yes I was having trouble finding an equivalent referendum. I just wrote constitutional rights instead. a referendum on constitution.
Brexit was a political stunt, David Cameron wished to have a mock referendum which would give him popularity and not change the constitution... He could have instead made a referendum about border control, legal subjugation to Brussels, or something like that, but he knew that the british would heavily vote agaisnt foreign border control and legal subjugation, so he chose an unreasonable mock referendum, which unexpectedly came to pass.
I don't disagree, except it was less about popularity across the country than stopping the continual split in the Tory party along pro/anti-EU lines. The Referendum was supposed to leave DC in charge of a conservative party with one of its major causes of internal strife removed. And we can see how well that's worked out.
It was one of his election promises for his campaign. The new referendum is also an election promise.
"It voids the result and the authenticity of the first referendum." No, it doesn't. It's a key element of democracy that the sovereign is allowed to change its mind, especially when circumstances change (e.g. promises turn out to be unfullfillable). Same reasoning for having elections every 4-5 years instead of 40-50.
The point of promising another referendum shortly after the first, is a politician's election tool, to cater for foreign pressures that are opposed to the results of the first referendum, and obey international diplomatic pressure to reverse the result of the first referendum, that sounds entirely wrong, and at very least needs to be backed up.
@Annatar It over-rules/voids/reverses the first referendum. If referendums were elections, they could organize referendums every 4-5 years in the UK. Elections are not Yes or No regarding national independence, or constitutional change.
@gerrit 1975, first ECommunity referendum in the UK: ELECTION PROMISE by harold wilson. 2016, ELECTION PROMISE by David Cameron, first EU referendum in the uk, second referendum since 1975, 41 years after the first. Today, ELECTION PROMISE for a 2021, second referendum, because of a diplomatic war with brussels to prevent brexit, which would reverse/void the 2016 referendum. Will the UK common folk agree that border control is more important than stocks and shares? It's highly unlikely that the UK plebiscite will stoop to Brussels and hand over their strong island borders.
@com.prehensible Laws over-rule/void/reverse older laws all the time. Elections are not about single questions, true. But they are a (presumably) necessary simplification (instead of voting on every single question themselves, voters choose delegates to do their work for them) derived from the original idea, not the original idea itself!
@annatar The referendum question of the second would be the same as the first: Do you wish to come out of the EU? (broadly speaking), so the only results would be A/void the first referendum decision and B/continue with the first referendum decision.
@com.prehensible You give the best example yourself. The 2016 referendum over-ruled the 1975 referendum (which asked the exact same question, broadly speaking) and this is totally fine in a democracy.
Nononono!!! The EU only existed since 1993, previously it was called the European Economic Community. It's entire mission and constitution was different. The EC referendum was therefore different from the EU referendum because the EU was defined by 2-3 constitnutional expansions, which took control of UK supreme courts, and UK border decision, EC was called "Common Market" in the UK, Maarstricht and Lisbon became: also justice, immigration, border controls, benefits systems, automobile laws. EC is not the same as EU 41 years later.
@com.prehensible I am confused. Brexit is completely a self-inflicted wound and the pressure for a second referendum is entirely domestic from people who try to stop the UK jumping off a cliff. The EU-27 has presented post-Brexit UK with options compatible with EU rules, UK has the arrogance to insist EU changes its rules to benefit a non-member (future UK), and is upset when it doesn't. If you want to export to the EU you have to meet EU rules (duh!).
Ultimately, an economic and capitalistic union of homogeneity is degrading European cultures into a consumerist homogenous mess with mechanized tax havens, France and the UK are more "made in china" and "contains glucose syrup and palm oil" than ever before. If the aim of the European Union were primarily based on non-monetary measures of a healthy society, I would be happy with it;) At the moment, megafactory mass produced goods and foods occupy 95% of consumption, and are mostly owned by multinational conglomerates.
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https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caradrina%20catalana
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Caradrina catalana
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https://vi.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caradrina catalana&action=history
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Vietnamese
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Spoken
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Caradrina catalana là một loài bướm đêm trong họ Noctuidae.
Chú thích
Liên kết ngoài
Caradrina
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%E2%80%99eng-hu%20Shui-tao
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P’eng-hu Shui-tao
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https://ceb.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=P’eng-hu Shui-tao&action=history
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Cebuano
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Ang P’eng-hu Shui-tao ngalan niining mga mosunod:
Republika sa Tsina
Pescadores Channel, estretso,
Republikang Popular sa Tsina
Beigang Shuidao, agianan nga kadagatan, Shanghai Shi,
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot 2016-03
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Republika sa Tsina
Pagklaro paghimo ni bot Republikang Popular sa Tsina
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https://stackoverflow.com/questions/69088434
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StackExchange
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Open Web
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Stack Exchange
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Martinaut, Robert Tab, Rohit Tagadiya, https://stackoverflow.com/users/12168235, https://stackoverflow.com/users/5128755, https://stackoverflow.com/users/8951377, https://stackoverflow.com/users/9634096, ppotaczek
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English
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How to remove background color on hover of bar in highcharts
I am using highcharts. Version: 9.1.1
I am displaying bar chart. When I hover on bars it display background color but I don't want that background color.
As we can see in below image I don't want that grey color by hover on green bar.
I applied this solution but it disable tooltip also. but I need tooltip on hover.
plotOptions: {
series: {
enableMouseTracking: false
}
}
Thanks
Hi @Rohit Tagadiya, Could you adapt this example: http://jsfiddle.net/BlackLabel/oazfkxdn/ to show the problem? As you can see, it works fine with basic options.
By taking reference of @Robart. I inspect chart and modified class .highcharts-crosshair-category style
I applied below style
.highcharts-crosshair-category {
display: none !important;
visibility: hidden !important;
}
To use !important is not a good approach. In my example, I used all these classes to avoid using !important. So, take a look before .highcharts-crosshair-category, and see if there are other classes defined and use them as in my example. https://stackoverflow.com/questions/27443589/how-do-i-avoid-using-important
I would check to see the classes used for these charts.
Once you found the class of your charts you can modify them in the .css file.
<li class="class1">
<a class="class2">
<span class="class3"></span>
Let's say you have something like this but the span in your case would be the chart.
In this case in the.css file you have to do something like this:
.class1 .class2 .class3:hover {
background: none;
}
Using the browser tools you can also simulate(force) a hover and do there some changes.
Will check it out. Thanks for your answer
Make this change in chartOption: crosshair: false
This does not answer the question.
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