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Moon: Symbolizes 'enlightenment without selfishness.' It is placed on the right shoulder and contains a rabbit and a hoptoad drawn inside. | 月：照臨無私を象徴。 右方に配され、月の中に兎と蟾蜍（ヒキガエル）が描かれている。 |
Seven Stars: Symbolizing 'enlightenment without selfishness.' Triones are placed on the upper back part. | 七星：照臨無私を象徴。 北斗七星を背上部に配する。 |
Mountain: Symbolizes pacification, the formation of clouds and the blessing of rain. It is placed on the front and back of the costume's main part. | 山：鎮定、雲の湧出、雨露の恵みの象徴。 身の前後に配する。 |
Dragon: A spiritous thing of miraculous change and wonder Large coiled dragons are placed on the front and back of each sleeve, and small dragons are placed on the front and back of the costume's main part. | 龍：神変不可思議の霊物。 袖部前後に大型の巻龍、身の前後に小龍を配する。 |
Kachu (brightly colored bird): Represents a pheasant, as it has beautiful wings. Pheasants are placed on the front and back of the main part. | 華虫：雉の意、その羽の美麗さから。 身の前後に配する。 |
Soi: Tigers (courage) and monkeys (wisdom), which symbolize ritual articles as they are drawn on their surfaces. They are placed on the front and back of the lower main part. Mo | 宗彝：祭器に描かれた虎（勇）、猿（智）で、祭器の象徴。 身の前後下部に配する。 裳 |
Four kinds of patterns--Mo (algae), Funmai (powdered rice), Ono (ax) and Futsu (shape like 亜)--out of Konben 12-Sho are attached to the same red cloth as Osode. | 大袖と同じ赤地に、袞冕十二章のうち、藻、粉米、斧、黻（ふつ、亜字の形）の四種の模様が付く。 |
Sadako SAWAMURA (November 11, 1908 - August 16, 1996) was an actress and essayist. She was born in Asakusa Ward, Tokyo City. Her real name was Teiko OHASHI. | 沢村 貞子（さわむら さだこ、1908年（明治41年）11月11日 - 1996年（平成8年）8月16日）は俳優、随筆家。 東京市浅草区生まれ。 本名、大橋貞子（おおはし ていこ）。 |
She retired an actress because of weakness felt when standing up. She retired in Yokosuka City. Every day, she would watch the sea of Shonan with a telescope. | 立ち上がるとき「どっこいしょ」といったことに衰えを感じ女優を引退。 横須賀市に隠居。 毎日湘南の海を望遠鏡で眺めて過ごした。 |
She died due to heart failure on August 16, 1996. She died at the age of 87. In accordance with her will, the placing of body in the coffin and cremation were conducted with only her family present. Her ashes were later scattered with the ashes of her husband Yasuhiko OHASHI, who died before her, in Sagami bay. | 1996年8月16日、心不全のため死去。 享年87。 本人の遺志により、葬儀では身内だけで納棺式を行い荼毘にふした。 その後、遺骨は先立った夫・大橋恭彦の遺骨とともに相模湾に散骨された。 |
Han refers to the territories ruled by lords. | 藩（はん）は、諸侯が治める領地のこと。 |
Han in Japan Han in terms of Japanese history is a historical term that refers to the territories ruled by daimyo (Japanese feudal lords) who possessed a domain of 10,000 or more goku crop yields in the Edo period and the governance structure. Han derives from the Chinese name of a Chinese system to which Japanese Confucian scholars in the Edo period compared Japanese system. | 日本の藩 日本史で言う藩は、江戸時代に1万石以上の領土を保有する封建領主である大名が支配した領域と、その支配機構を指す歴史用語である。 江戸時代の儒学者が中国の制度をなぞらえた漢語的呼称に由来する。 |
In many cases, daimyo were called by their domain names with 'Ko' (lord), rather than 'Hanshu.' For example, 'Sendai Ko,' 'Owari Ko,' and 'Himeji Ko'. | また「藩主」より、封地名に「侯」をつけて呼び現されることが多かった。 例えば「仙台侯」、「尾張侯」、「姫路侯」といった具合である。 |
The Kanseirei (Kansei calendar) is a Japanese lunar-solar calendar, formerly used in Japan. | 寛政暦（かんせいれき）とは、かつて日本で使われていた太陰太陽暦の暦法の和暦である。 |
Attention | 注意 |
Japanese calendar dates are in old lunar calendar style. The Christian Era and dates are in the Gregorian calendar style. | 和暦の日付は、旧暦表示。 西暦の日付は、グレゴリオ暦表示。 |
Marutamachi Station, located in Higashi-Maruta-cho, Sakyo Ward, Kyoto City, Kyoto Prefecture, is a stop of the Keihan Oto Line, which is operated by Keihan Electric Railway. | 丸太町駅（まるたまちえき）は、京都市左京区東丸太町にある、京阪電気鉄道京阪鴨東線の鉄道駅。 |
It is scheduled that the station's name will be changed to Jingu-marutamachi Station on October 19, 2008, when the Keihan Nakanoshima Line starts its operation. | 2008年10月19日の京阪中之島線の開業と同時に神宮丸太町駅（じんぐうまるたまちえき）に改称の予定。 |
Gonnosuke KAWARASAKI is a hereditary family name for an actor of Kabuki, a Japanese traditional theatrical drama. | 河原崎 権之助（かわらさき ごんのすけ）は、歌舞伎役者の名跡の一つ。 |
Kagura is a chanting and dancing performance dedicated to gods in Shinto rituals. Kagura may be observed at shrine festivals, and rarely at some temples. | 神楽（かぐら）は、神道の神事において神 (神道)に奉納するために奏される歌舞。 神社の祭などで見ることができ、まれに寺院で行うところもある。 |
Nenryoshomai was the term for the shomai itself or the system under the Ritsuryo system which required a designated amount of white rice from the provinces to be tithed to the central government every year. | 年料舂米（ねんりょうしょうまい）とは、日本の律令制において、令制国より毎年一定量の白米を中央に貢進させる制度、またその舂米そのもののこと。 |
When the Nenryososhomai system required part of the Fudokoku (emergency grain) to be tithed to the central government, the target of the system was mainly the Nenryoshomai provinces. | なお、後年において不動穀の一部を中央に貢進させる年料租舂米の制が布かれた際には主として年料舂米負担国が対象とされている。 |
Gofukakusain (no) Nijo (Lady Nijo) (1258 - date of death unknown) was a lady during the Kamakura period. It is believed that she is the author of 'Towazugatari' (The Confessions of Lady Nijo). | 後深草院二条（ごふかくさいんのにじょう、正嘉2年（1258年） - 没年不詳）は鎌倉時代の女性。 「とはずがたり」の作者とされている。 |
Her father is MINAMOTO no Masatada, Chuin (the house located outside of "Naiin") Dainagon (Major Counselor), her mother Dainagon Naishi no suke (Secretary of major councilor) (a daughter of Takachika SHIJO), and her aunt Shikikenmonin no mikushige (poet). She was a court lady serving Emperor Gofukakusa and also his lover. | 父は中院大納言源雅忠、母は大納言典侍（四条隆親の娘）、叔母に式乾門院御匣（歌人）がいる。 後深草天皇の女房であり愛人。 |
While she was in favor with Gofukakusa-in, she vividly described in her work 'Towazugatari' her relationships with other men such as 'Snow Dawn' (supposedly Sanekane SAIONJI), 'Dawn Moon' (either Priestly Imperial Prince Shojo, Omuro, Ninna-ji Temple, or Cloistered Prince Hojo), or Emperor Kameyama. | 後深草院の寵愛を受けながらも「雪の曙」（西園寺実兼とされる）、「有明の月」（仁和寺御室性助入道親王・法助法親王の両説あり）、亀山天皇らとの関係を「とはずがたり」で赤裸々に綴った。 |
Career | 経歴 |
He was born in Saga (Hayatsue Village, Saga County, Hizen Province: present Saga City) as the fifth son of Saburozaemon (Mitsuyoshi) SHIMOMURA who was a feudal retainer of the Saga clan. His childhood name was Rinzaburo. | 佐賀藩士下村三郎左衛門（充贇）の5男として佐賀（肥前国佐賀郡早津江村 現・佐賀市）に生まれる。 幼名は鱗三郎。 |
In 1831, he became an adopted son of Tsunemi SANO, who was a doctor of the Saga Domain, and he received the name Eiju from former lord of the domain. | 1831年（天保2年）に佐賀藩医佐野常徴の養子となり、佐賀藩の前藩主から栄寿の名を授かった。 |
He studied in the domain school in Saga, Kodokan, and he went to Edo to study under Doan KOGA in 1838. | 佐賀藩校・弘道館に学び、1838年（天保9年）には江戸へ遊学、古賀侗庵に学ぶ。 |
In 1839, he returned to Saga and learned the study of old documents at Kodokan, and surgery at Matsuo-juku. | 1839年（天保10年）、佐賀に帰り、弘道館で考証学を、松尾塾で外科術を学ぶ。 |
In 1842, he got married to Komako who was an adopted daughter of the Sano family. | 1842年（天保13年）、佐野家の養女駒子と結婚する。 |
In 1849, he entered Shosendojuku founded by Genboku ITO in Edo, and became a school manager. He also studied under Seikai TOTSUKA in Edo. At that time, he started to devote himself towards the pro-Imperial movement. The clan found out about the fact and he was ordered to return to Saga in haste. | 1849年（嘉永2年）、江戸で伊東玄朴の象先堂塾に入門し、塾頭となる。 江戸では戸塚静海にも学んでいる。 この頃に勤皇運動に傾倒。 藩の知るところとなり､急遽佐賀に戻るよう命じられている｡ |
In 1853, he returned to Saga and became a tonin (a chief) of Seirenkata (an institution established in Saga for researches and experiments of physics and chemistry). He received the name 'Eijuzaemon' from the lord of the domain, Naomasa NABESHIMA. | 1853年（嘉永6年）、佐賀に帰り、佐賀藩の精煉方頭人となる。 藩主鍋島直正から「栄寿左衛門」の名を授かる。 |
In 1857, he became the captain of Hiunmaru (a name of a warship) that the Saga Domain bought from Netherlands, and the following year, 1858, he became a director of Kaigun-sho in Tsu, Mie. | 1857年（安政4年）、佐賀藩がオランダから購入した飛雲丸の船将となり、翌1858年（安政5年）、三重津海軍所の監督となる。 |
In 1863, getting an order from the bakufu, he manufactured a boiler in Kaigun-sho in Tsu, Mie. | 1863年（文久3年）、三重津海軍所で幕府注文の蒸気鑵を製作する。 |
In 1872, he was appointed to a Goyogakari (a general affairs official of the Imperial Household) for exhibition and he held Japan's first exhibition in Yushima Seido (Sacred Hall at Yushima) in March 1872 to modernize Japanese industry. | 1872年（明治5年）、博覧会御用掛に就任し、日本の産業の近代化をめざすべく、同年3月に日本初の博覧会を湯島聖堂で開催する。 |
In 1873, he was appointed to a vice-president of administration for the Vienna International Exhibition, and sent to the exhibition. He contributed to the modernization of Japanese industry through the exhibition and he received an imyo (another name) 'Exhibition Man.' | 1873年（明治6年）、ウィーン万国博覧会事務副総裁に就任して、ウィーン万博に派遣される。 博覧会を通じて日本の近代化に貢献し、「博覧会男」の異名を得る。 |
In 1875, he took office as a councilor in Genroin (the Chamber of Elders). | 1875年（明治8年）、元老院議員となる。 |
In 1878, Tsunetami took office as a vice-president of Hakuaisha with Yuzuru OGYU. | 1878年（明治11年）、大給恒らと博愛社の総副長となる。 |
In 1879, he established an artwork organization called Ryuchi kai (Nihon Bijutsu Kyokai [Japan Art Association]) to stop outflow of Japan Art, and took office as a president. He filled office until he died and devoted himself to protection and training of artists. In October 1879, he was appointed to a president of Central Sanitation Association. | 1879年（明治12年）、日本美術の海外流出を防ぐために、龍池会(日本美術協会)と呼ばれる美術団体を発足し、会頭に就任する。 亡くなるまで会長を務め､芸術家の保護と育成に力を尽くす｡ 同年10月には中央衛生会会長に就任する。 |
In 1880, he was appointed to Okura-kyo (Minister of the Treasury) but he resigned in Meiji juyonen no seihen (the failed Meiji-14 coup of 1881) in 1881. | 1880年（明治13年）、大蔵卿に就任するが、翌1881年（明治14年）の明治十四年の政変で辞任する。 |
In 1882, he was appointed to a chairman of Genroin. | 1882年（明治15年）、元老院議長に就任する。 |
In 1883, the national hygiene association, Dainihon Shiritsu Eiseikai, was launched and he was appointed to a president. | 1883年（明治16年）、大日本私立衛生会が発足し、会頭に就任する。 |
In 1887, he changed the name Hakuaisha to the Japanese Red Cross Society and he took office as the first president. He became a viscount. | 1887年（明治20年）、博愛社を日本赤十字社と改称し、初代社長に就任する。 子爵。 |
In 1888, he was appointed to a privy councilor. | 1888年（明治21年）、枢密顧問官に就任する。 |
In 1892, he was appointed to the Minister of Agriculture, Commerce and Industry in the first Matsukata cabinet. | 1892年（明治25年）、第1次松方内閣で農商務大臣に就任する。 |
The Japanese Red Cross Society engaged in wartime relief activities in Japanese-Sino War in 1894 and the Boxer Rebellion in 1900. | 1894年（明治27年）の日清戦争や、1900年（明治33年）の北清事変で日本赤十字社は、戦時救護活動を行う。 |
In 1895, he became a count. | 1895年（明治28年）、伯爵。 |
In 1902, he died at age of 80 in his home in Tokyo. Grand Cordon of the Order of the Rising Sun with Paulownia Flower was awarded upon his death. | 1902年（明治35年）、東京の自宅で死去、80歳。 死に際して勲一等旭日桐花大綬章が贈られる。 |
His grave is at Aoyama-bochi Cemetery. | 墓所は青山墓地。 |
Kinzo HIROSE (November 4, 1812 - March 8, 1876) was an Ukiyo-e artist who lived from the end of the Edo period to the Meiji period. | 弘瀬 金蔵（ひろせ きんぞう、文化 (元号)9年10月1日 (旧暦)（1812年11月4日） - 明治9年（1876年）3月8日）は、幕末・明治期の浮世絵師。 |
While he changed his name more than 10 times throughout his life, he is generally known as Kinzo HIROSE; especially in his hometown Kochi Prefecture and nearby areas, he is affectionately called by his nickname, Ekin. | 本名は生前、10回以上にわたり改名しているが一般には弘瀬 金蔵の名で知られており、高知県下を中心に絵金（えきん）の愛称で親しまれている。 |
The Oyamata tumulus group is located in the southern part of Tenri City of Nara Prefecture | 大和古墳群（おおやまとこふんぐん）は、奈良県天理市南部に所在する古墳群である。 |
The construction sites of huge tumuli, being presumed those of emperors, moved to the northwestern part of the Nara basin in the later era of the first half of the kofun period. It is the Sakitatenami tumulus group. | 王墓と推定される巨大古墳は、前期後半には奈良盆地の西北部へ移動している。 佐紀盾列古墳群である。 |
Saigyo no musume (estimated year of her birth and death 1137 - 1199) was a Buddhist nun in the end of the Heian period and the early Kamakura period. She was the daughter of Saigyo Hoshi (Buddhist priest Saigyo) (Yoshikiyo SATO), and she is generally called 'Saigyo no musume' because neither secular name nor posthumous Buddhist name is known. | 西行の娘（さいぎょうのむすめ、推定生没年1137年（保延3年） - 1199年（正治元年））とは、平安時代末期から鎌倉時代初期にかけての尼僧。 西行法師（佐藤義清）の娘であるが俗名・戒名とも不明であるため一般には「西行の娘」と呼ばれている。 |
Chikatsuna KANAMARI (c.1526-August 2, 1580) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period (period of warring states). He was a hatamotoshu (retainer) of the Uesugi family in Echigo Province. He was a child of Sanetsuna KANAMARI. He was commonly called Kojiro or Hayato no suke. | 神余 親綱（かなまり ちかつな、大永6年（1526年）？ - 天正8年7月2日 (旧暦)（1580年8月2日））は、戦国時代 (日本)の武将。 越後国上杉家の旗本衆。 神余実綱の子。 通称小次郎、隼人佑。 |
Though the Kanamari clan were originally the native bushi of the Province of Awa as well as hikan (low-level bureaucrats) of the Uesugi clan, they started to serve the Uesugi family in Echigo Province. They had been such given important posts as Kyoto zassho and as a diplomat from the time of Masatsuna KANAMARI, Chikatsuna's grandfather, at the latest. | 神余氏は元々上杉氏の被官で安房の国人であったが、何らかの理由で越後上杉家に仕えるようになった。 遅くとも親綱の祖父・神余昌綱の代から京都雑掌・外交官として重用されていた。 |
Chikatsuna succeeded his father and grandfather and continued to be given important posts in the service of Kenshin UESUGI who became a lord of Echigo Province. | 親綱も父祖の跡を継ぎ、越後国主となった上杉謙信のもとで終始重用され続けた。 |
When Kenshin went to Kyoto in 1553 during Kanamari's assignment in Kyoto, he succeeded, after a struggle in securing an audience with the Emperor Gonara. In 1558, he also served as a messenger to celebrate Yoshiteru ASHIKAGA's return to Kyoto. | 京都赴任中の天文 (元号)22年（1553年）の謙信上洛時には奔走の末、後奈良天皇への拝謁を成功させた。 永禄元年（1558年）には帰京した足利義輝を祝うための使者にもなっている。 |
In 1577, he was appointed a castellan of Sanjo-jo Castle through the diminishing and changing the territories of the Yamayoshi family due to the death of Toyomori YAMAYOSHI who had been a castellan of Sanjo-jo Castle. | 天正5年（1577年）には、三条城主であった山吉豊守の死去に伴う山吉家減封・転封時に三条城主として取り立てられる。 |
Though he was initially minded to take the side of Kagekatsu UESUGI together with Kagenaga YAMAYOSHI and others in Kiba-jo Castle during the Otate War, he participated in the war on the side of Kagetora UESUGI together with Hidetsuna HONJO, a castellan of Tochio-jo Castle. | 御館の乱に於いては当初は木場城の山吉景長らと共に上杉景勝方に付く動きを見せたが、栃尾城主の本庄秀綱と共に上杉景虎方として参戦。 |
Later he ignored attempts of solicitation from the Kagekatsu side and attacked Kurotaki-jo Castle. He continued to resist even after Kagetora's suicide, and they destroyed the settlement despite once extending an olive branch. He was killed by the old retainer in Sanjo-jo Castle who accepted the betrayal which was incited by Kagenaga YAMAYOSHI. | その後も景勝方の勧誘工作にも応じずに黒滝城を攻撃した。 景虎が自刃した後も抵抗を続け、一旦は和議の調停を申し出るも決裂。 山吉景長が三条城内の旧臣に内応を誘い、それに応じた者により討たれた。 |
Roppo is an acting motion in Kabuki, Ningyo joruri (traditional Japanese puppet theater), and Buyo dance (classical Japanese dance). Roppo (六方) is also written in different Chinese characters (六法). It is a rough motion which exaggerates and beautifies the dandyism, gallantry, and so on. | 六方（ろっぽう）とは歌舞伎・人形浄瑠璃・舞踊の演技動作。 六法ともいう。 伊達、勇壮などを誇張・美化した荒事的動作。 |
In Kabuki, Roppo was initially used when actors are entering the stage, but today, it is used when they are leaving by the passage through audience to stage. | 歌舞伎では、当初は舞台への登場時に使われたが、現在では花道への引っ込みの場合に行われる。 |
There are many kinds such as Tobi roppo (flying exit) by Benkei in "Kanjincho" (a Kabuki play), Katate (one hand) roppo, Ryote (two hands) roppo, Kitsune (fox) roppo, Tanzen roppo (swaggering walk), and Keisei roppo (courtesan exit). | 『勧進帳』の弁慶の飛び六方（とびろっぽう）や、片手六方、両手六方、狐六方、丹前六方、傾城六方など様々な種類がある。 |
Kawawake was posted to the Tokai (Eastern region of Japan) as a Shogun during the reign of Emperor Sujin. According to "Kojiki," Kawawake became acquainted with Obiko no Mikoto in Aizu (which was the origin of 'Aizu' as a region name) who was heading down to Etsu Province to bring about control. | 崇神天皇のとき、将軍として東海に派遣される。 『古事記』によると、高志（越）の国の平定に向かった大彦命と相津（会津）で出会ったとされ、これが会津の地名の由来という。 |
Also, following orders of the emperor, Kawawake together with Kibitsuhiko killed Izumo no Furune. | また、天皇の命により吉備津彦と共に出雲振根を誅した。 |
He was elected to the House of Representatives in 1912. | 明治45年に衆議院選挙に当選する。 |
He died in Beijing City in 1916. | 大正5年、北京市にて死去。 |
Hikosaburo was deeply involved in China all his life and did not care for his family. Because of this, his daughter Yae who was diagnosed with leprosy (later determined as misdiagnose) was placed in a miserable situation at one time. | 彦三郎は終生中国に関心を持ち、全く家庭を顧みなかった。 そのため、後にハンセン氏病を発病した（後に誤診と判明）娘の八重は一時悲惨な境遇に置かれることとなる。 |
Kiyoshige KASAI was an excellent busho (Japanese military commander) with military exploits by joining an army of MINAMOTO no Noriyori, and he was appointed as sobugyo (general magistrate) in Oshu region by flourishing in the battle of Oshu, and consequently the Kasai family became a great clan. | 葛西清重は優れた武将で、源範頼に従軍して武功を立て、奥州合戦で活躍して奥州総奉行に任ぜられ、葛西氏は奥州の大族となっている。 |
The head family of the Toshima clan went to ruin in the Muromachi period and the genealogy was restored more than two hundred years later, with confusion in identification of the people, and in recent study, Asatsune was believed to be a son of Aritsune who was described as his son in the genealogy, and their parent-child relationship was reversed. | 豊島氏本宗家は室町時代に滅びており、系図はその200年以上後になって復元されたもので、人物の比定に混乱が見られ、近年の研究では朝経は系図では子になっている有経の子と推定され、親子関係が逆転している。 |
According to the genealogy reflected the recent study, their territory was confiscated by the bakufu (Japanese feudal government headed by a shogun) at the time of Tokimitsu TOSHIMA who was a son of Asatsune (grandson in the previous genealogy), and the lineage of Asatsune had ended. | 近年の研究を反映した系図では朝経の子（従来の系図では孫）の豊島時光の時に幕府から所領を没収され、朝経の系統は断絶した。 |
SAKANOUE no Kaneshige (1114? - June 23, 1162) was a government official who lived towards the end of the Heian period. He was a son of SAKANOUE no Akikane. He was the father of SAKANOUE no Akimoto. | 坂上 兼成（さかのうえ の かねしげ、永久 (元号)2年（1114年）? - 応保2年5月9日 (旧暦)（1162年6月23日））は、平安時代末期の官人。 坂上明兼の子。 坂上明基の父。 |
The period of Japanese rule of Taiwan refers to approximately fifty years during which time Taiwan was governed by Japan as colony from April 17, 1895 when the Qing dynasty ceded Taiwan to Imperial Japan due to the defeat of the Sino-Japanese War to October 25, 1945 when Taiwan was put under the rule of the Republic of China. | 台湾の日本統治時代（にっぽんとうちじだい）は、日清戦争の敗戦に伴い清朝が台湾を大日本帝国に割譲した1895年（明治28年）4月17日から、第二次世界大戦後の1945年（昭和1945年）10月25日、中華民国統治下に置かれるまでの植民地支配の約50年間を指す。 |
In Taiwan, the period of Japanese rule is called by different names such as "日本時代","日治時代","日據時代","日本統治時期" or "日本殖民時期", depending upon the political positions or historic perspectives, and "日據時代" implies a criticism of Japanese rule. | なお、台湾では政治的立場や、歴史認識に対する観点の相違などによって、日本統治時代をそれぞれ日本時代、日治時代、日據時代、日本統治時期あるいは日本殖民時期と呼称しているが、日據時代と表記する場合については日本統治時代に対し批判的な意味合いがある。 |
He was conferred to a peerage in 1578. Then he was appointed to a post at Konoefu (the headquarters of the inner palace guards) at the rank of Jusanmi (Junior Third Rank) in 1587, becoming a kugyo, after assuming jiju (chamberlain) and a post at Konoefu. He was awarded Shosanmi (Senior Third Rank), but after that, remained at the same government post and rank for a long period of time. | 天正6年（1578年）に叙爵した。 それから、侍従・近衛府をへて、天正15年（1587年）に従三位・近衛府となり、公卿に列する。 慶長3年（1598年）には正三位となったが、以降長く官位官職の上昇がなかった。 |
The section of Japanese wine describes the wine produced in Japan. | 日本のワイン（にっぽんのわいん）では、日本で生産されるワインについて述べる。 |
Tonjutsu is a technique of Ninjutsu to hide or escape from enemies. | 遁術（とんじゅつ）は、忍術のうち、敵から隠れたり逃げたりするための術。 |
It is also called Goton Sanju-ho, which consisted of thirty techniques of Tenton Ju-ho, Chiton Ju-ho, and Jinton Ju-ho in all. | 五遁三十法とも呼ばれ、天遁十法・地遁十法・人遁十法の計三十の術からなる。 |
Tenton Ju-ho A way of escape making use of weather. For the effective use, ninja trains to be able to foresee the later weather from the present look of sky. | 天遁十法 天候を利用して逃げる方法。 これらを効果的に使用するために忍者は空模様からのちの天気を知る訓練をする。 |
Nichiton-Making use of the sun. (e.g.) Dazzle the enemy's eyes by standing with the sun at back. | 日遁-太陽を利用。 （例）太陽を背にして敵の目をくらます。 |
Getsuton-Making use of the moon. (e.g.) Escape in the darkness where the moon is hidden behind clouds. | 月遁-月を利用。 （例）月が雲に隠れて暗くなったすきに逃げる。 |
Seiton-Making use of stars. | 星遁-星を利用。 |
Unton-Making use of clouds. | 雲遁-雲を利用。 |
Muton-Making use of fog. (e.g.) Advance while the field of vision is bad due to dense fog. | 霧遁-霧を利用。 （例）濃霧で視界が悪い時に進む。 |
Raiton-Making use of thunder. (e.g.) Foresee thunder clouds and reconnoiter under cover of thunder. | 雷遁-雷を利用。 （例）雷雲を予測して、雷にまぎれて偵察する。 |
Denton-Making use of electricity. (e.g.) Escape while enemies flinch from static electricity. | 電遁-電気を利用。 （例）静電気で敵がひるんだすきに逃げる。 |
Futon-Making use of wind. | 風遁-風を利用。 |
Uton-Making used of rain. (e.g.) Escape as soon as the field of vision becomes bad by the sudden evening shower. | 雨遁-雨を利用。 （例）夕立ちで視界が悪くなるときを狙って逃げる |
Setsuton-Making use of snow. (e.g.) Escape in the snowstorm in outfit for cold weather prepared in advance. | 雪遁-雪を利用。 （例）あらかじめ防寒具を用意し、吹雪の中を逃げる。 |
Chiton Ju-ho A way to escape making use of things or topography. | 地遁十法 物や地形を利用して逃げる方法。 |
Mokuton-Making use of trees. (e.g.)Push down leaning lumbers. | 木遁-木を利用。 （例）立てかけてある材木を倒す。 |
Soton-Making use of grass. (e.g.) Trap enemy's foot with tied grass to fall dawn. | 草遁-草を利用。 （例）草を結んでつまずかせる。 |
Katon-Making use of fire. (e.g.) Make a fire. | 火遁-火を利用。 （例）火事を起こす。 |
Enton-Making use of smoke. (e.g.) Make a smoky screen emerge. | 煙遁-煙を利用。 （例）煙幕をはる。 |
Doton-Making use of earth. (e.g.) Throw earth at enemies. | 土遁-土を利用。 （例）相手に土をかける。 |
Okuton-Making use of a building. (e.g.) Escape under the floor. | 屋遁-建物を利用。 （例）床下に逃げ込む。 |
Kinton-Making use of hardware. | 金遁-金物を利用。 |
Sekiton-Making use of stone. (e.g.) Throw a stone at enemies. | 石遁-石を利用。 （例）相手に石をぶつける。 |
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