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african-mining-occupational-health

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metadata
license: cc-by-4.0
task_categories:
  - tabular-classification
  - tabular-regression
language:
  - en
tags:
  - mining
  - occupational-health
  - tuberculosis
  - silicosis
  - hiv
  - epidemiology
  - africa
  - synthetic-data
pretty_name: African Mining Occupational Health Dataset
size_categories:
  - 1K<n<10K

African Mining Occupational Health Dataset

Dataset Description

Overview

This dataset models the silicosis-tuberculosis-HIV syndemic affecting mining populations across sub-Saharan Africa. It provides synthetic screening records capturing the complex interplay between occupite dust exposure, infectious disease burden, and occupational health outcomes in both formal and artisanal mining contexts.

The dataset encodes epidemiologically-validated prevalence rates, risk factor associations, and comorbidity patterns derived from cross-sectional health screening studies conducted in Zimbabwe and South Africa.

Dataset Statistics

Attribute Value
Records 5,000
Variables 16
Geographic Scope South Africa, Zimbabwe, Ghana, Tanzania, DRC
Format CSV, Parquet

Data Schema

Variable Dictionary

Variable Type Description Value Range/Categories
record_id string Unique screening record identifier OCC-XXXXXXXX
mine_type categorical Mining operation type formal_gold, formal_platinum, formal_coal, artisanal
country categorical Country of screening south_africa, zimbabwe, ghana, tanzania, drc
age integer Worker age in years 18-65
gender categorical Worker gender male, female
employment_years float Duration of mining employment 0.5-40 years
silica_exposed boolean History of respirable silica exposure True/False
job_category categorical Occupational role driller, winch_operator, blaster, loader_operator, maintenance, supervisor, digger, processor, transporter, general, other
hiv_status categorical HIV serostatus positive, negative
silicosis_status categorical Radiological silicosis diagnosis positive, negative
tb_history categorical Previous tuberculosis diagnosis yes, no
tb_current categorical Current active tuberculosis positive, negative
silico_tb boolean Combined silico-tuberculosis diagnosis True/False
respiratory_symptoms categorical Self-reported respiratory symptoms yes, no
comorbidities categorical Other chronic conditions present yes, no
screening_year integer Year of health screening 2018-2024

Methodology

Epidemiological Framework

This dataset models the well-documented syndemic interaction between:

  1. Silicosis: Chronic fibrotic lung disease from crystalline silica inhalation
  2. Tuberculosis: Both primary infection and reactivation, amplified by silica-induced immunosuppression
  3. HIV/AIDS: Further immunocompromise increasing susceptibility to both silicosis progression and TB

Primary Literature Sources

Source ID Citation Parameters Extracted
ZWE_001-007 Moyo, D., et al. (2021). Prevalence of silicosis, pulmonary tuberculosis and their co-morbidities among artisanal and small-scale gold miners in Zimbabwe. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. PMC8583466 HIV prevalence (23.5%), silicosis prevalence (11.2%), TB prevalence (4.0%), silica exposure (95%), HIV-silicosis OR (2.79)
SA_001-004 teWaterNaude, J.M., et al. (2006). Tuberculosis and silica exposure in South African gold miners. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(3), 187-192. PMC2078150 PTB prevalence (19.4-35.2%), high-risk occupations, exposure-response relationships

Key Epidemiological Parameters

HIV Prevalence (Moyo et al., 2021):

  • ASM workers: 23.5% (90/373 tested)
  • 95% CI: 19.4-28.1%

Silicosis Prevalence (Moyo et al., 2021):

  • Overall: 11.2% (52/464)
  • 95% CI: 8.6-14.4%

Tuberculosis Burden:

  • Current TB (Zimbabwe ASM): 4.0% (95% CI: 2.5-6.4%)
  • TB history (SA gold miners): 19.4% (95% CI: 16.0-22.8%)
  • TB with radiological evidence (SA): 35.2% (95% CI: 31.1-39.3%)

HIV-Silicosis Association (Moyo et al., 2021):

  • HIV+ workers have 2.79x increased silicosis risk
  • 95% CI: 1.48-5.24

Silica Exposure (Moyo et al., 2021):

  • 95% of ASM workers report dust exposure
  • 27% have ≥10 years mining duration

Conditional Dependencies Modeled 

Silicosis Risk = f(silica_exposure, employment_years, hiv_status)
TB Risk = f(silicosis_status, hiv_status, employment_years)
Current TB = f(silicosis_status, hiv_status, tb_history)
Symptoms = f(silicosis_status, tb_current)

Limitations

  1. Cross-sectional Design: Source studies are cross-sectional; temporal relationships are inferred
  2. Selection Effects: Mining populations in studies may not represent all workers
  3. Diagnostic Heterogeneity: TB and silicosis definitions vary across source studies
  4. Treatment Effects: ART coverage and TB treatment effects not fully modeled
  5. Exposure Quantification: Silica exposure is binary rather than dose-response

Ethical Considerations

  • Sensitive Health Data: HIV status is highly sensitive; synthetic nature mitigates privacy risks
  • Stigmatization: Results should not stigmatize mining communities or countries
  • Health Equity: Dataset highlights occupational health disparities requiring policy attention
  • Clinical Limitations: Not suitable for individual diagnostic or prognostic decisions

Intended Uses

Appropriate Uses

  • Epidemiological modeling of occupational lung disease
  • Machine learning for screening program optimization
  • Health economics and cost-effectiveness research
  • Educational demonstrations of syndemic frameworks
  • Methods development for comorbidity analysis

Inappropriate Uses

  • Individual clinical diagnosis or prognosis
  • Insurance underwriting or risk stratification
  • Occupational health compliance certification
  • Policy decisions without validation against local data

Citation 

@dataset{electric_sheep_africa_occupational_health_2024,
  title = {African Mining Occupational Health Dataset: Silicosis-TB-HIV Syndemic},
  author = {Electric Sheep Africa},
  year = {2024},
  publisher = {Hugging Face},
  url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/electricsheepafrica/african-mining-occupational-health},
  note = {Synthetic dataset derived from epidemiological studies of African mining populations}
}

References

  1. Moyo, D., Zishiri, C., Ncube, R., Madziva, G., & Sandy, C. (2021). Prevalence of silicosis and pulmonary tuberculosis among artisanal and small-scale gold miners in Zimbabwe. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 78(Suppl 1), A1-A173.

  2. teWaterNaude, J.M., Ehrlich, R.I., Churchyard, G.J., Pemba, L., Dekker, K.,"; M., White, N.W., Thompson, M.L., & Myers, J.E. (2006). Tuberculosis and silica exposure in South African gold miners. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 63(3), 187-192.

  3. Rees, D., & Murray, J. (2007). Silica, silicosis and tuberculosis. International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 11(5), 474-484.

License

This dataset is released under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY-4.0).

Contact

For questions or feedback, please open an issue on the dataset repository or contact Electric Sheep Africa.