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tashelhit subject affixes Verbs carry the person, number and gender information of their subject in the form of affixes. There are four inflectional forms of the verb, traditionally called aorist, preterite, negative preterite and intensive. The basic opposition is between the aorist, a non-past form which lacks further tense information, and the preterite which often conveys past tense. The intensive (usually called inaccomplit in French) encodes habitual and/or durative/continuative aspect. It is often preceded by a particle ar, for instance in ar ttsisn waman (lit. ar cook:3pm:INT water:EA) 'the water is cooking'[nb 8]. In texts, a sequence of aorist verb forms usually follows after the initial setting of tense by an imperfect or intensive verb form. A relative form of the verb, usually called participle, is used in relative clauses. It looks like the preterite form of the verb, with affixes added for person and number: i-...-n for 3rd person singular (y-...-n with vowel-initial verbs), and -in for 3rd person plural. For example, the relative forms of ili 'to be' (with preterite form lli) are illan and llanin for singular and plural, respectively. A singular imperative consists of the bare form of the verb without any affixes (fssa! 'be silent, sg'); in the plural, the imperative distinguishes between masculine and feminine by means of the affixes -at and -amu, respectively. Stative verbs, verbs expressing qualities, are characterized by initial i- in the aorist, e.g. imɣur 'be big (aorist)', imim 'be sweet (aorist)', ili 'be, exist (aorist)'. The aorist form of stative verbs usually has a subjunctive or counter-factual reading, whereas the preterite form (characterized by gemination of the consonant, e.g. lli/lla 'be (pret.)') generally is used to express a (current) state of affairs, e.g. llan islman ɣ isaffn (be:PRET:3pm fish:pm in river) 'there are fishes in the river'. Shilha has only few simple adjectives; the most common adjectival construction is the relative form of a stative verb, as in argaz imqquṛn (man PTC:sg:m-be.big-PTC:sg:m) 'big man'. Derived verb forms exist: a causative s, medial m (or nasal), and passive tt... can be recognized, as in muddu 'travel' from ddu go' + medial, or smugr 'meet each other' from gr 'touch' + causative + medial. However, derivation is no longer productive, i.e. speakers no longer consciously produce causatives, medials, or passives by applying derivative morphology to verbs. Most prepositions have a short and a long form. The long form is used with pronominal suffixes, and the short form is used in all other contexts, e.g. nniga-s 'on top of him/her', nnig- tgmmi 'on top of the house'. A common colocation is s-dar 'to' as in s-dar tgmmi 'to the house'. Most of the prepositions require the following noun to be in the état d'annexion; only ar 'until' and some prepositions of Arabic origins such as bɛd 'after' and qbl 'before' are exceptions to this rule. Examples: ddu tafukt 'under the sun (EA)', ɣ wayyur n šuttanbir 'in the month (EA) September', ifškan n tgmmi 'the things of the house (EA)', s wuzzal 'by means of the iron (EA)', but ar assf n ljaza 'until the Day (EL) of Judgment', qbl iḍ 'before the night (EL)'. Shilha prepositions (v.d. Boogert 1997:284) short form long form translation equivalent d id- 'with, in the company of' dar dar- 'at, by' ddu ddaw-, ddawa- 'beneath, under' f flla- 'on; because of' gr gra- 'between' ɣ gi-, gig- 'in' i a- 'for, to' n nn- 'of' nnig nniga- 'on top of' s is- 'with, by means of' zɣ zgi-, zgig- 'from' s sr- 'to' ar — 'until'
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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Bóng đá là một bộ môn thể thao có rất nhiều kèo cược đa dạng, anh em cược thủ có thể thoải mái vui chơi và tận hưởng nhiều trận kèo thú vị và đặc sắc. Trong đó, kèo phạt góc là một loại kèo được tìm kiếm nhiều hơn cả và đây sẽ là loại kèo mang đến những phần thưởng lớn cho cược thủ khi chiến thắng. Kèo phạt góc là gì? Kèo phạt góc được hiểu đơn giản là các cược thủ sẽ tiến hành cược cho lượt phạt góc có trong trận đấu, người chơi có thể dự đoán đội bóng nào sẽ đá phạt góc đầu tiên, đá cuối cùng hoặc tính toán số lượt đá phạt góc chung cuộc. Loại kèo cược này trong đá được rất nhiều người chơi đánh gái cao và khi đã cược thì tỷ lệ chiến thắng cũng không hề nhỏ. Anh em có thể dựa vào những thông tin dữ liệu của trận đấu dược tổng hợp trước đó và thực hiện nhận định, soi kèo chính xác nhất. Với laoij hình cược này, anh em sẽ không cần phải đắn đo quan tâm đến đội bóng nào sẽ dành chiến thắng mà chỉ cần dự đoán được số lượt phạt góc đúng. Tùy vào mỗi nhà cái mà tỷ lệ trả thưởng có thể khác hoặc giống nhau, người chơi nên chú ý tìm hiểu để tránh gặp nhiều rủi ro và cược hiệu quả hơn. Các loại kèo phạt góc thường gặp hiện nay Để có thể đặt cược chính xác được laoij kèo này, anh em cược thủ cần chú ý tìm hiểu những loại kèo phạt góc thường xuất hiện trên bảng tỷ lệ kèo như sau: Kèo tài xỉu phạt góc Hình thức cược kèo tài xỉu phạt góc cực kỳ đơn giản, người chơi sẽ tính toán và dự đoán xem tổng số lần đá phạt góc của cả 2 đội bóng lớn hay nhỏ hơn tổng số mà nhà cái đưa ra. Lúc đó, anh em sẽ tiến hành chọn Tài khi cược số lớn hơn và chọn Xỉu khi cược số nhỏ hơn. Hình thức chơi phạt góc này cực kỳ đơn giản và hầu hết anh em nào cũng sẽ dễ dàng tiếp cận thông tin. Tuy nhiên, người chơi cũng cần phải đánh giá được năng lực của 2 đội và từ đó phân tích, tính toán sao cho chính xác nhất. Kèo chấp phạt góc cả trận Hình thức chơi kèo phạt góc này được hiểu là anh em sẽ tính lượt chấp phạt góc chính xác nhất. Nhà cái sẽ đưa ra tỷ lệ chấp phạt góc theo mỗi trận đấu. Lúc này, nhiệm vụ của cược thủ là sẽ chọn cược cho đội được chấp hoặc chọn đội chấp phạt góc, Căn cứ vào những thông tin phân tích ban đầu của trận đấu, người chơi hãy tính toán sao cho chính xác nhất. Chơi phạt góc 1×2 Cách chơi kèo phạt góc 1×2 được các cược thủ đánh giá là kèo cược chơi đơn giản và không gặp nhiều khó khăn. Mỗi cược thủ sẽ có 3 lựa chọn đó là Thắng – Hoà và Thua, tuỳ từng lựa chọn của người chơi kèm với tỷ lệ thưởng từ nhà cái mà anh em nên tính toán khả năng thắng cao nhất cho 1 kèo cược bóng đá. Cược phạt góc chẵn lẻ Với loại kèo phạt góc chẵn lẻ, anh em cược thủ sẽ tiến hành dự đoán xem tổng số lượt đá phạt góc của các đội bóng trong cả trận là số lẻ hay chẵn, từ đó, cược tiền vào những ô cược phù hợp. Kèo cược này đơn giản vfa không mất quá nhiều thời gian tính toán của người chơi. Tỷ lệ phạt góc đầu tiên và cuối cùng Anh em cũng có thể chọn cược kèo phạt góc theo quy tắc cược cho đội đầu tiên đá hạt góc hoặc cược đội cuối cùng đá phạt góc trong cả trận. Đây là cách chơi tương đối khó và đồi hỏi anh em cươc thủ ohair hiệu rõ được độ mạnh yếu và những tình huống có thể xảy ra trong trận đấu để xuất hiện lượt đá phạt góc. Những mẹo cược kèo phạt góc thắng lớn Sau khi đã tìm hiểu những thông tin cơ bản về loài kèo cược này trong bóng đá, anh em cược thủ cần bỏ túi ngay cho mình hàng loạt các mẹo chơi thú vị như sau: Nên cược cho các trận đấu vòng loại Các trận đấu bóng đá vòng loại trực tiếp thì chắc chắn các cầu thủ sẽ mong muốn xuất hiện nhiều lượt đá phạt góc để tăng khả năng ghi bàn lớn, khi có nhiều bàn thắng thì chắc chắn đội bóng đó có thể bước tiếp vào trong. Các trận đấu vòng loại tại nhiều giải đấu lớn thường có tỷ lệ đá phạt góc rất cao. Tìm hiểu thông tin, dữ liệu của từng đội Muốn nắm bắt được và chọn ra kèo phạt góc tốt nhất về tay thì hiển nhiên người chơi phải nhanh chóng tổng hợp được nhiều thông tin từ phong độ thi đấu, thành tích hiện tại, vị trí trên bảng xếp hạng, lịch sử đối đầu các trận trước đó để dự đoán khả năng xuất hiện phạt góc trong cả trận. Phân chia vốn cược an toàn Bất kể cá cược giải trí ở đâu và trò chơi gì thì anh em cược thủ cũng cần phải có chiến thuật chia vốn cược an toàn. Mỗi ván đấu chỉ nên cược theo mức tỷ lệ đủ cho sinh lời cao. Chú ý không nên cược tất tay khi giải trí nhé. Lời kết Từ các chia sẻ trên, toàn bộ các thông tin thú vị về kèo phạt góc đã được tổng hợp về tay cho cược thủ tham khảo. Kèo nhà cái 5 chúc anh em nắm được nhiều bài học thú vị và săn được tiền thưởng khủng nhé.
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
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vie_Latn
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Open menuClose menu Nickname ramonka Wooden ? certificate for nickname ramonka to embed in blogs, websites or social networks. id470906 Certificate for nickname ramonka is registered to: A brick Brick with text ramonka on the walls of nicknames (ratings Top-300). ? What's next? Send a link to your friend:
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mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
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The sector is often lauded as a valuable source of income for developing countries with beautiful environments. But it is not creating better infrastructure such as roads and clean water, as its representatives often claim, the audience heard last week at the annual international conference of the United Kingdom’s Royal Geographical Society. “Not enough is invested in local development through tourism companies.” Vishal Singh, Centre for Ecology, Development and Research in India Vishal Singh, a researcher at the Centre for Ecology, Development and Research in India, told the event that “not enough is invested in local development” through tourism companies. Singh gave the example of a lake near Sukhatal, a tourist attraction in the Himalayas. The lake has halved in size in nine years due to pumping and irrigation, but no local tourism revenue has ever been put into its conservation, he said. According to sustainability NGO the Worldwatch Institute, tourism is a crucial source of foreign currency for the world’s 40 poorest countries. But research presented at the conference showed that tourism also directly harms the environment while generating ever-higher carbon emissions through international travel. The conference, which ran from 1 to 4 September, heard that carbon dioxide emissions from tourists’ travel are expected to quadruple by 2100, making a significant contribution to climate change, which disproportionately affects developing countries. Tourism contributes five per cent of global carbon dioxide emissions, UN agency the World Tourism Organization reports. This goal of a “clean sector” is not being achieved, said Paul Peeters, who researches sustainable tourism at NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences in the Netherlands. He is urging the travel industry to make tourism more sustainable by reducing air and car travel and becoming less wasteful. He told the conference the tourism sector was under increasing pressure to reduce its environmental impact from agriculture and electricity companies, which also have to cut emissions in countries with strict legislation. But to Melanie Stroebel, who researches environmental governance at the University of Manchester, United Kingdom, it is important to discover exactly which firms in the tourist sector are causing environmental harm so they can be held accountable. However, because of powerful interests, “a radical change in the tourism business context seems unlikely”, she said. Stroebel also argued that proposed sustainability measures such as reducing air travel could harm developing countries. Stroebel said that tourism supports local retailers and creates jobs, mostly in the hotel and restaurant sector. “There are economic benefits involved,” she told the event. In the Maldives, for example, tourism generates 42 per cent of GDP (gross domestic product), business forum the World Travel & Tourism Council reports. But Peeters told SciDev.Net that tourism is a poor way to drive economic growth because it mainly offers basic jobs such as working in hotels or restaurants.
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Muỗi là một trong những loài côn trùng gây hại cho sức khỏe con người. Chúng là vật trung gian truyền bệnh sốt xuất huyết, sốt rét, viêm não Nhật Bản,. . . Ngoài ra, muỗi còn gây ra các vấn đề về da như mẩn ngứa, sưng tấy. Để bảo vệ sức khỏe gia đình khỏi muỗi, nhiều người đã lựa chọn lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi. Tham khảo sản phẩm : https://khanhdangwindow.com/cua-luoi/ Các lợi ích của việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi Ngăn chặn muỗi và các loài côn trùng xâm nhập vào nhà, bảo vệ sức khỏe gia đình khỏi các bệnh truyền nhiễm. Muỗi là vật trung gian truyền bệnh rất nguy hiểm cho con người. Việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi giúp ngăn chặn sự xâm nhập của chúng vào nhà, ngăn ngừa bệnh tật và bảo vệ sức khỏe cho bạn và gia đình. Các loại bệnh do muỗi mang lại có thể ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến sức khỏe con người, trong đó có những bệnh nguy hiểm như sốt xuất huyết, sốt rét, viêm não Nhật Bản và nhiều bệnh khác. Việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi giúp bạn yên tâm hơn về sức khỏe của mình và gia đình. Tạo không gian sống thông thoáng, mát mẻ. Với việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi, bạn có thể mở cửa và cửa sổ để tận hưởng không gian sống thoáng mát và tự nhiên. Bạn không phải lo lắng về việc muỗi và các loài côn trùng khác xâm nhập vào trong khi bạn đang tận hưởng không khí trong lành của ngoài trời. Đây cũng là một giải pháp hiệu quả cho những gia đình sống ở những vùng có khí hậu nóng ẩm và tiềm ẩn nguy cơ muỗi hoặc các loài côn trùng khác. Tiết kiệm chi phí sử dụng điện cho quạt, máy lạnh. Việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi có thể giúp tiết kiệm chi phí sử dụng điện cho quạt, máy lạnh. Với không gian sống thoáng mát và tự nhiên, bạn có thể giảm bớt sử dụng các thiết bị làm mát trong những ngày nóng bức. Điều này không chỉ giúp tiết kiệm chi phí mà còn làm tăng tính thẩm mỹ của ngôi nhà. Tìm hiểu về các loại cửa lưới chống muỗi Có hai loại cửa lưới chống muỗi phổ biến là cửa lưới dạng xếp và cửa lưới dạng lùa. Cửa lưới dạng xếp Loại cửa này có cấu tạo gồm khung nhôm, lưới sợi thủy tinh hoặc inox, các thanh xếp và tay kéo. Cửa lưới dạng xếp được thiết kế để có thể mở rộng theo chiều ngang và thu gọn khi không sử dụng, giúp tiết kiệm không gian và dễ dàng cài đặt trên các cửa ra vào hoặc cửa sổ. Khóa an toàn được sử dụng để giữ cửa lưới ở vị trí đóng, không cho muỗi và các loài côn trùng khác có thể xâm nhập vào nhà. Vì cửa lưới dạng xếp được làm từ nhôm và lưới sợi thủy tinh hoặc inox, độ bền của nó rất cao và có khả năng chịu được thời tiết. Lưới sợi thủy tinh hoặc inox có mắt lưới nhỏ, chỉ có muỗi và các loài côn trùng nhỏ mới có thể chui qua được, còn con người và vật nuôi có thể đi lại thoải mái. Cửa lưới dạng lùa Cửa lưới dạng lùa thường được sử dụng cho các cửa sổ hoặc cửa ban công có kích thước lớn. Loại cửa này có thiết kế tích hợp hai biến thể: cửa lùa trong và cửa lùa ngoài. Cửa lùa trong được lắp đặt bên trong phòng, khi không sử dụng có thể gấp gọn và cất đi. Cửa lùa ngoài được lắp đặt bên ngoài và có thể mở ra hoặc kéo xuống để che phủ cửa sổ hoặc cửa ban công. Cửa lưới dạng lùa được làm từ nhôm và lưới sợi thủy tinh hoặc inox, có độ bền cao và khả năng chịu được thời tiết tốt. Lưới có mắt lưới nhỏ, chỉ có muỗi và các loài côn trùng nhỏ mới có thể chui qua được, còn con người và vật nuôi có thể đi lại thoải mái. Những điều cần biết trước khi lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi Trước khi bắt đầu lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi, bạn cần phải tìm hiểu kỹ về loại cửa lưới phù hợp cho gia đình mình. Bạn cũng nên xem xét kích thước cửa và cửa sổ để chọn loại cửa lưới phù hợp. Tham khảo ý kiến của nhà cung cấp để lựa chọn những bộ phận khóa và phụ kiện tốt nhất cho cửa lưới của bạn. Nếu bạn không tự tin hoặc không có kinh nghiệm trong việc lắp đặt cửa lưới, bạn nên thuê dịch vụ lắp đặt chuyên nghiệp để đảm bảo cửa lưới được lắp đặt đúng cách và an toàn. Hướng dẫn lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi đơn giản nhất Bước 1: Lựa chọn loại cửa lưới phù hợp với kích thước của cửa hoặc cửa sổ. Bước 2: Chuẩn bị các bộ phận khóa và phụ kiện cần thiết để lắp đặt cửa lưới. Bước 3: Đo kích thước chính xác của cửa hoặc cửa sổ để cắt lư ới. Nếu bạn không tự tin trong việc cắt lưới, bạn có thể nhờ nhà cung cấp cắt cho bạn. Bước 4: Lắp khung nhôm và thanh xếp theo hướng dẫn của nhà cung cấp. Bước 5: Sử dụng keo dính hoặc băng dính để gắn lưới vào khung nhôm. Bước 6: Lắp các bộ phận khóa và phụ kiện còn lại. Bước 7: Kiểm tra lại việc lắp đặt và sửa chữa nếu cần thiết. Quy trình lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi đúng cách Lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi đúng cách là rất quan trọng để đảm bảo hiệu quả và an toàn cho gia đình. Dưới đây là quy trình lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi đúng cách: - Xác định vị trí lắp đặt: Trước khi bắt đầu lắp đặt, xác định vị trí cần lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi. Điều này sẽ giúp bạn xác định kích thước và loại cửa lưới phù hợp. - Chuẩn bị vật liệu và dụng cụ: Xác định các vật liệu và dụng cụ cần thiết để lắp đặt cửa lưới, bao gồm khung nhôm, lưới sợi thủy tinh hoặc inox, keo dính, băng dính, bộ khóa và các phụ kiện khác. - Kiểm tra kích thước: Trước khi cắt lưới và lắp đặt, hãy kiểm tra lại kích thước của cửa hoặc cửa sổ để đảm bảo lưới được cắt chính xác và khung nhôm phù hợp. - Cắt lưới và lắp khung nhôm: Sử dụng máy cắt hoặc kéo cắt để cắt lưới theo kích thước đã đo trước đó. Sau đó, lắp khung nhôm vào các cạnh của lưới và sử dụng keo dính hoặc băng dính để dán chặt hai bộ phận này với nhau. - Lắp các bộ phận còn lại: Tiếp theo, lắp các bộ phận khóa và phụ kiện còn lại như thanh xếp, tay kéo và bộ khóa. Hãy đảm bảo rằng các bộ phận này được lắp đặt chính xác và an toàn. - Kiểm tra và điều chỉnh: Sau khi hoàn thành việc lắp đặt, hãy kiểm tra lại để đảm bảo rằng cửa lưới đã được lắp đặt chính xác và không có sự cố nào. Nếu cần thiết, hãy điều chỉnh và sửa chữa để đảm bảo hiệu quả của cửa lưới. Có nên tự lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi hay tốt hơn thuê dịch vụ? Việc tự lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi có thể tiết kiệm được chi phí nhưng lại đòi hỏi kỹ năng và hiểu biết về việc lắp đặt cửa lưới. Nếu bạn không tự tin hoặc không có kinh nghiệm, thuê dịch vụ lắp đặt chuyên nghiệp là sự lựa chọn tốt hơn. Nhà cung cấp sẽ có các kỹ thuật viên có kinh nghiệm và hiểu biết để đảm bảo việc lắp đặt được thực hiện đúng cách và an toàn. Điều gì cần lưu ý khi lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi trong khu vực có khí hậu khắc nghiệt? Trong những khu vực có khí hậu khắc nghiệt, việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi cần được thực hiện đúng cách để đảm bảo tính hiệu quả và độ bền của sản phẩm. Nếu bạn sống trong khu vực có thời tiết nóng, ẩm ướt hoặc có nhiều gió mạnh, hãy xem xét các yếu tố sau khi lắp đặt: - Sử dụng lưới sợi inox thay vì lưới sợi thủy tinh: Lưới sợi inox có độ bền cao hơn và có khả năng chịu được thời tiết khắc nghiệt tốt hơn. - Lựa chọn các bộ phận khóa và phụ kiện có khả năng chịu được thời tiết: Hãy chọn những bộ phận khóa và phụ kiện được làm từ các vật liệu chịu được thời tiết để đảm bảo tính an toàn và độ bền của cửa lưới. - Kiểm tra định kỳ và bảo trì: Trong những khu vực có khí hậu khắc nghiệt, việc kiểm tra và bảo trì cho cửa lưới đều đặn là rất quan trọng. Hãy đảm bảo rằng các bộ phận của cửa lưới không bị nứt hoặc hư hỏng để đảm bảo hiệu suất hoạt động tốt nhất. Giá cả và chi phí cho việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi Giá cả và chi phí để lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi sẽ phụ thuộc vào nhiều yếu tố như loại cửa lưới, kích thước cửa, khu vực lắp đặt và chi phí vận chuyển. Tuy nhiên, trung bình một bộ cửa lưới dạng xếp có giá khoảng 1.500.000 – 2.000.000 VND. Nếu bạn thuê dịch vụ lắp đặt, chi phí này sẽ tăng thêm khoảng 500.000 – 1.000.000 VND. Những điểm cần kiểm tra sau khi hoàn thành việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi Sau khi hoàn thành việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi, hãy kiểm tra lại những điểm sau để đảm bảo tính hiệu quả và an toàn của sản phẩm: - Kiểm tra khung nhôm: Hãy đảm bảo rằng các thanh nhôm đã được gắn chặt và không có sự lỏng lẻo nào. - Kiểm tra lưới: Thẩm định lưới xem có bị rách hay không và đảm bảo rằng nó đã được lắp đặt chính xác vào khung nhôm. - Kiểm tra bộ khóa và phụ kiện: Hãy đảm bảo rằng bộ khóa và các phụ kiện còn lại đã được lắp đặt đúng cách và hoạt động tốt. - Kiểm tra tính an toàn: Chắc chắn rằng cửa lưới đã được gắn chặt và không có sự cố nào có thể xảy ra. Kết luận Việc lắp đặt cửa lưới chống muỗi là một giải pháp hiệu quả để bảo vệ gia đình khỏi sự xâm nhập của các loài côn trùng gây hại. Bằng việc lựa chọn loại cửa lưới phù hợp và thực hiện quy trình lắp đặt đúng cách, bạn có thể thoải mái tận hưởng không gian sống trong lành và an toàn. Nếu bạn không tự tin hoặc không có kinh nghiệm trong việc lắp đặt, hãy thuê dịch vụ chuyên nghiệp để đảm bảo tính hiệu quả và an toàn cho sản phẩm. Hãy nhớ kiểm tra và bảo trì định kỳ để đảm bảo cửa lưới hoạt động tốt trong suốt thời gian dài.”
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
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vie_Latn
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Giá dầu thế giới đã giảm xuống mức thấp hơn vào ngày 4/7. Nguyên nhân do các nhà giao dịch lo ngại về suy thoái kinh tế toàn cầu tác động đến nhu cầu, lấn át những lo ngại về nguồn cung thắt chặt trong bối cảnh sản lượng của OPEC giảm, tình hình bất ổn ở Libya và các lệnh trừng phạt đối với Nga, theo hãng tin Reuters. Giá dầu thô Brent đã giảm 25 cent, tương đương 0,2%, xuống còn 111,38 USD/thùng vào lúc 10h15 GMT (17 giờ 15 phút tại Hà Nội). Dầu West Texas Intermediate (WTI) của Mỹ giảm 49 cent, tương đương 0,5%, xuống còn 107,94 USD. Chuyên gia phân tích thị trường Naeem Aslam tại công ty tư vấn AvaTrade cho biết: “Rủi ro đang nghiêng về phía suy giảm, khi các nhà giao dịch lo ngại khả năng suy thoái kinh tế ở Mỹ và các khu vực khác trên thế giới khiến nhu cầu tiêu thụ dầu sẽ chậm lại". Trong năm nay, giá dầu Brent đã gần đạt tới mức cao nhất mọi thời đại là 147 USD/thùng đạt hồi năm 2008, do tác động từ xung đột Nga - Ukraine làm dấy lên những quan ngại về vấn đề nguồn cung. Kết quả cuộc khảo sát của Đại học Michigan công bố gần đây cho biết tâm lý người tiêu dùng Mỹ vào tháng 6 đã rơi xuống mức thấp kỷ lục mới trong bối cảnh lo ngại về lạm phát ngày càng gia tăng, là mức thấp nhất từng được ghi nhận kể từ khi Đại học Michigan bắt đầu thu thập dữ liệu này từ tháng 11/1952. Chi phí năng lượng gia tăng do chịu tác động từ cuộc xung đột tại Ukraine đã thúc đẩy lạm phát ở khu vực 19 nước sử dụng đồng euro (Eurozone) trong tháng 6 vừa qua tăng 8,6% so với cùng kỳ năm ngoái, mức cao kỷ lục kể từ năm 1997. Lạm phát cao thúc đẩy khả năng Ngân hàng Trung ương châu Âu (ECB) sẽ nhanh chóng hơn trong việc nâng lãi suất để kiềm chế đà tăng giá cả. Hoạt động sản xuất dầu tại Ecuador gần đây đã bị ảnh hưởng bởi tình trạng bất ổn, cuộc đình công diễn ra tại Na Uy dự báo khiến nguồn cung dầu sụt giảm vào tuần này. Ông Stephen Brennock, chuyên gia phân tích của công ty môi giới dầu mỏ PVM, nhận định trong bối cảnh nguồn cung ngày càng thắt chặt và các nhà sản xuất dầu Trung Đông có thể thiếu hụt năng lực sản xuất dự phòng "Nếu không có sản lượng dầu mới sớm được đưa ra thị trường, giá sẽ bị ép tăng cao hơn". Nhóm 7 quốc gia có nền kinh tế công nghiệp phát triển lớn nhất thế giới (G7) gần đây đã đưa ra đề xuất về biện pháp giới hạn giá dầu của Nga, nhằm gây áp lực kinh tế hơn đối với Điện Kremlin trong khi bảo vệ người tiêu dùng trước việc giá năng lượng gia tăng. Về phần mình, Nga đã cảnh báo bất kỳ nỗ lực nào nhằm hạn chế giá dầu của nước này có thể sẽ dẫn tới thiệt hại cho thị trường năng lượng và đẩy giá hàng hóa cao hơn nữa. Phạm Hà Thanh (theo Reuters, CNBC)
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
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vie_Latn
| 0.0775
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Have you ever dove to the bottom of a swimming pool and gradually felt the pressure build up on your ears? Most people have a basic understanding of water pressure, which increases the deeper and deeper we go. Human beings are usually not recommended to swim below 150 feet, but the deepest dive for a human being is actually 1,000 feet, which is rather incredible! At that depth, the pressure is intense, but that’s nothing compared to the pressure at deeper depths. It’s hard to believe that anything can survive without being crushed, and yet there are many fish and marine species that can survive at 25,000 feet below the surface! How is that even possible? What keeps those deep-sea creatures from being crushed under the massive amount of weight? The Science of Pressure and Depth When we are standing on the surface of the earth, the air pressure around us is equal to 1 atm (atmosphere). When we go beneath the waves, however, the pressure on our body increases by 1 atm for every 10 meters we descend. In other words, at the deepest point in the ocean, slightly under 11,000 meters, the pressure you would feel on your body would be 1100 times greater than what you experience in the open air. At the bottom of the ocean, the human body would be crushed under the extreme pressure (thousands of pounds of pressure per square inch), our eardrums would rupture, our lungs would fill with blood and then collapse, and suffocation would he instantaneous. In fact, this terrible series of events would happen only a couple thousand feet below the surface, let alone a few more miles down into the darkness. It’s hard to describe, but it might look something like... Despite the vulnerability of human beings to the pressure at those depths, there are sea anemones, worms, fish, whales, seals, crabs, and thousands of other sea creatures that seem to handle the pressure without a second thought. While this seems impossible, remember that pressure is all about balance. When human beings dive underwater, the pressure that we feel comes from the air in our bodies being compressed. We have air in our ears and sinuses, as well as our lungs and blood vessels. Water pressure can be intense, causing that air to compress within those organ systems and tissues. However, water is not compressible – one of the key differences between a gas and a liquid. Fish don’t have air pockets that can be compressed, and are composed largely of water, so the pressure differential remains balanced. The deepest-dwelling fish have been found at roughly 27,000 feet. However, fish aren’t the only creatures found at such incredible depths. Some whales, seals, and other cetaceans are able to dive to depths of nearly 10,000 feet. These creatures do have lungs and vascular systems that are somewhat comparable to human beings, and yet they aren’t crushed into oblivion... how is that possible? Adaptation Under Pressure For creatures like the beaked whale, which is arguably the deepest diving cetacean (just under 10,000 feet), pressure is definitely an issue, but they have a wide range of adaptations to accommodate their deep-sea lifestyle choices. For example, the lungs of these creatures are completely compressible, meaning that they can force all of the gases in their lungs into their bloodstream and muscles, where it can essentially dissolve under the pressure. These organs have adapted to hold more myoglobin (oxygen-storing protein in muscles) and hemoglobin. This collapse of the lungs also prevents gas exchange at the alveoli, thus preventing nitrogen from entering the bloodstream, which would result in the infamous “bends” that human deep-sea divers can experience if they rise from great depths too quickly. Essentially, one experiences “the bends” when dissolved gases emerge from solution as bubbles in the bloodstream, which can be damaging or even deadly. Many deep-sea diving creatures (like whales) have naturally learned how to rise slowly through the water, decompressing just as humans do to prevent this painful condition. Without those air pockets in their body cavities and tissues, deep-sea creatures are no longer susceptible to the same pressure that our bodies feel. Furthermore, while some creatures do have air in their ear canals (and some even have sinuses in their head cavity), the tissues lining these cavities are often highly flexible, and can readily expand, thus forcing out any air and preventing the pressure differential. Are There Any Limits for Deep-Sea Creatures? Below a certain depth, advanced creatures with complex organ systems (those other than anemones, worms, and certain arthropods) simply cannot survive. What allows fish to dive to depths of over 25,000 feet is the presence of a particularly hydrophilic substance called trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), which prevents the distortion and compression of proteins and other vital molecules within the body under intense external pressure. However, at even more extreme depths, that molecule can no longer protect fish from that fundamental physiological compression, so there IS a depth limit for fish and marine creatures. For those bizarre creatures that do exist at the very bottom of the ocean, study is very difficult, as most will die due to a LACK of pressure when they are brought to the surface. Their membranes are so uniquely adapted that they cannot maintain their integrity under anything but extreme pressures. In other words, certain mysteries of the deep are likely to stay that way. - Physics of Diving – Environmental Health & Safety - Discover Magazine - Scientific American - National center for biotechnology Information
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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For most of the last year we have found ourselves somewhat puzzled by the stalling and even declines experienced by rail patronage in particular – but more recently general public transport patronage. This can be seen in the dip in 12 month rolling patronage totals up to November last year: Auckland Transport have provided a multitude of excuses for the patronage dip over the past few months – some more plausible than others (they blamed the World Cup for some of the declines in August and November, even though the World Cup was only in September & October 2011). Some of the decline may be due to higher rail fare evasion than we think (anecdotal evidence on this is pretty strong) but I wonder whether public transport fares are really starting to hurt some people and put them off catching the bus, train or ferry. With inflation at near-zero, wage growth stagnant seemingly forever and petrol prices still below the peaks of a few years back the fare increases for rail in particular over the past few years may be starting to bite. A benchmarking study of public transport in Auckland and a number of comparator cities prepared a couple of years ago highlighted that Auckland’s PT fares – on a per kilometre basis – were higher than all other cities analysed:Yes, the graph does show that Auckland’s fares are on average around twice those of the Australian cities and much higher than Wellington’s. This is despite (or perhaps a cause of) Auckland generally having one of the poorest and least used systems when compared to these other cities. There are lots of ways that we can improve our fare system, like the introduction of free transfers, zone-based fares, greater incentives for people to use the Hop Card, pricing differentials between peak and off-peak, better deals for monthly pass holders and so forth. Those are all great, but I wonder whether they miss the fundamental point of still assuming the same general level of contribution by users to the cost of public transport provision. Certainly Auckland’s farebox recovery rate (which has increased to about 43% from what’s shown below which was in the benchmarking study referred to above) is certainly higher than a lot of Australian cities:Fortunately a lot of work has gone into creating a more efficient PT network over the last while, with the new bus network likely to generate a lot more patronage without extra service requirements. Hopefully the PTOM contracting system will also generate cost efficiencies. This work should hopefully mean that the public money spent on public transport is being utilised far more efficiently than in the past – effectively we are getting more bang for our buck. But the next question is around how to use those savings – to reinvest in extra service, to bank the savings or perhaps to lower some fares? I’ve wondered for a while whether the strategic lowering of certain fares would generate a big patronage gain and the benefits which arise from more patronage would easily outweigh the revenue foregone in the lower fares. There are a number of ways this could happen: • The lower fares could end up with more passengers paying and theoretically this could mean more revenue overall. Generally patronage is seen to be relatively inelastic to price (though this varies hugely for different trips) so ending up with more overall revenue is relatively unlikely. • The patronage gain could generate significant external benefits, such as in the form of decongestion benefits – which for rail are particularly significant at around $17 per peak time passenger. • Lower fares could mean that some people end up ditching their family’s second car and shifting to the bus or train as it’s now clear that catching PT makes financial sense to them. As many of the costs of car ownership are relatively hidden (e.g. depreciation) they may end up in a much better financial position in the longer run. There are lots of messy details to work through around the most effective way to target fares to maximise benefits created and that’s not really the intention of my post. I guess I’m just interested in understanding whether we’d be better off if PT fares were a bit lower generally – certainly a lot of other cities seem to think so. Share this 1. Yes I think fares are to high but first we would need the NZTA to remove or change its farebox recovery policy and there is little chance of that happening, in fact I would say there is probably more chance of the opposite happening as AT tries to find ways to meet their targets. Putting that aside, there are two ways that AT could reduce fares, first is by actively dropping them to encourage patroange while the second is that they could leave them as they are in spite of inflation which would over time lower them but that obviously wouldn’t have an immediate impact. Also I might add petrol price graphs to our stats pages. I have the weekly average prices and the Annual and Quartely average prices in both nominal and real values. 1. I don’t think the farebox recovery policy is as bad as we first thought. It’s very hard to increase farebox recovery through higher fares, because the elasticity of demand essentially wipes out the additional revenue you gain (as suggested by this post. This in turn will have two likely implications about how one might achieve the farebox recovery target: 1. Grow patronage; or 2. Reduce gross costs. I think #2 is important, because that PT benchmarking study mentioned in this post, to which I contributed, also found that gross costs in Auckland were considerably higher than other places. And assuming the overall PT budget remains the same then the long term effect of the farebox recovery policy should be a shift in funding from operations to infrastructure, which I think is probably a good thing. 1. There are huge improvements on the way for costs from the EMUs. PTOM and a couple of other key bits of work which should really help with those. 1. The Auckland fare of $0.24/km is a bargain. The Fullers Waiheke ferry fare is $1.00/km, more than 4 times that cost. But then we have 105% fare box recovery (5% goes to the wharf tax). Aucklanders don’t know how lucky they are with their subsidies. 2. Off peak and group price incentives would be a good place to start, especially if timed with the up coming improvement to off peak services; certainly a marketing opportunity there. New options New deal.... 1. I think off peak (and group) discounts are a great idea, especially if they structured in a way that benefits more than a few percent of the traveling public. 1. Yes to day pass (with Hop card). The hop card should charge you per ride upto a maximum daily fare (ie. always works out the best option for you). Oyster card does this. Group and family discounts are more complicated as not 1 fare per person. Offpeak fares worth considering but unless they drive up patronage, they wil just make the farebox recovery worse. 2. Yes, day pass within a zone or set of zones, preferably as an automatically calculated cap. The thing I don’t like is a single day flat rate pass for the whole region which is a massive windfall for those that make long commutes but is irrelevant for those doing a series of short trips across a day. I’m 100% in favour of day passes that anyone can benefit from if they need to travel more than twice in one day. Family pass is interesting, I think it would be easier to simply have children travel free with an adult after 9am or something like that. We already have that for infants, so just extend it to child age at appropriate times. 3. Other posts have considered the issue of a family pass in more detail. As stated there, I personally think a group discount on individual tickets is better than a family pass, mainly because the latter: 1) usually ends up defining “family in ways that will tend to price out the types of families that need discounts (e.g. 2 adults + 2 children rather than 1 adult + 5 children); and 2) family “relationships” are subjective and difficult to verify, i.e. who’s to say that my niece is not part of my family when I’m taking her to the movies with my kids? How would a group discount work? Well, you get an increasing % discount for buying in bulk. One way would be to offer a 5-10% discount on the total price for every ticket purchased over 3. E.g. 3 people = 5% discount, 4 people = 10% discount, 5 people = 15% discount etc. That would also have the added benefit of reducing queues at ticket machines and ensuring that everyone travels on an individual ticket, which is good for overall system management. Rant over – I should do a post on this issue sometime. 4. Families, under 5’s free (as per current?) and student / tertiary passes to cover the rest with a different peak rate compared to a lower off peak rate? Capped low? So, off peak, 2 adults at $5 each for the day (capped) and 2 children at $2.50 for the day (capped again). That’s $15 for a family of 4 over a weekend or public holiday. Affordable and a good alternative to using the car? 1. Off peak – yes. And weekend rates. All day for the price of a single zone. When are zones coming? Between $12.40 and $15.80 to get to Manukau from Te Atatu. The same again to return. The price to transfer services is pushing up prices as well. In Canberra that would be (AU)$2.52 capped at $7.60 per day capped (multiple trips). In Vancouver that would be CDN$9.75 for a day pass. We’ve priced PT out of the market. 3. Remove Veolia from from the rail operating costs – pass the savings onto commuters through lower fares! If Wellington can run their network without Veolia, so can Auckland Transport. Lower costs of operation, lower prices to the public, more reasons for the public to travel on PT. 1. Do you realise if AT removes Veolia from the equation, they will still need to replace Veolia with some other entity to operate the services who will still need to be paid for services provided. Trains don’t run themselves, not even in Wellington where Kiwirail does the same job as Veolia up here and they presumely also bill GWRC for services provided. 1. James is right. Nothing basically changes (up until the medium term anyhow) is Veolia is replaced by who or whatever else. The only thing that would change straight away dumping Veolia out the door is the Managing Director going back to Australia – for everything else it stays EXACTLY the same until AT could get the changes through which takes time 1. James Pole, except at present we pay AT, KR and Veolia to operate and run services. Veolia gets a nice big management fee on top of employing the staff. If AT takes over the staff, out goes the management fee. Savings come in for ratepayers. 2. Except you pointed to Wellington as an example but there the management fee is just paid to Kiwirail. The GWRC don’t run the trains themselves but do so exactly the same as what is done in Auckland except it is Kiwirail running it instead of Veolia. For AT to run things themselves it would likely require legislation changes as currently I don’t think they are allowed to run services themselves thanks to changes made in the 90s 4. Catching the train only works out being $1 saving each day for me, but is more inconvenient, and if I took the bus to Britomart instead of Skateboarding/BMX’ing it’d cost me $3 more a day than driving and it’s quicker. I would say that is a big reason, being that the time saved is next to null, compared to sitting in traffic, and the price, even at todays gas prices. 5. To encourage use of the Hop card, the discount should be at least 20% rather than the pittance (10%) that it currently is. From memory, I think London even got the discount upto 50% for buses while I was there. The fair box recovery policy also has to change. I don’t believe you can increase patronage at the same time as increasing the recovery. The priority, in the short term at least has to be increasing patronage. 1. 16% still not enough. The goal should be to get irregular travellers to get a HOP card as once they have it, the barrier for them to use it again goes down. 1. I agree there – dont get me wrong and the discounts should move to a better ratio. And we shall have that opportunity to push for this when the RPTP hearings come up next month. But as I alluded to earlier, I’ll take the 16% for now knowing the struggle it was to hold it there. One step at a time – one step at a time 🙂 2. Maybe a better way of looking at it would be for the HOP fares to be the standard fare and a surcharge added to that for single tickets? 3. Surcharges will discourage patronage Discounts will encourage patronage Yes I know they are the same, its in the mindset though! 1. Yes I agree – the benefits of getting people onto HOP are so high they’d be silly not to increase the differential. AT gets the interest on the float, passengers board faster thereby reducing dwell times and increasing operating speeds, while operators cash-handling costs reduce. Win-win-win. Brisbane’s Go Card has a 30% discount by comparison. The only small issue with a higher HOP discount is that there’s a small percentage of low-income passengers for whom travelling by cash is the norm – because they generally only have enough money for the next trip. I’d like to see some thought go into improving access to HOP cards for these people, e.g. making them free for anyone under a certain age (linking to school IDs would be a good start) or has a community services card etc. 1. In Brisbane, the 30% discount for go card came later – after the go card was a known quantity. The original price levels were the same as cash for the first 6 journeys per week. Fools rush in. I say get it working across the bus fleet before thinking about raising the differential. 1. Implementing HOP on buses first is a no brainer; any changes to pricing being proposed here would have to happen after the bus roll-out (which I think is timed for April?). And be part of a wider fare review ... 6. I think the dynamic price effects are more important than the absolute prices of fares. What I mean by that I think prices for PT have generally risen slightly faster than the primary alternative: driving. At the same time, the last few years have seen incomes being squeezed. In this environment it’s not surprising that people have been pushed from PT to driving. On the other hand, Auckland is set to achieve the farebox recovery total fairly soon, as well as equalisation between rail and bus fares, which in turn lead to a few years where fares increase at a slightly slower rate. I’m not particularly fussed about the farebox recovery policy – the silver lining to it is that it encourages efficiencies on the delivery side (contracting and operations) that were absent and/or ignored during Labour’s last term in government. That has generally lead to a bit of a blow-out in PT operating costs. I should also say that one of the most damaging aspects of the ongoing PTMA/PTOM saga has been the rolling over of short term contracts in the interim, whereby operators charge the full cost of vehicles to AT over a period of only 3-4 years. That should soon stop and bring costs down somewhat. 7. I think that the poor level of service is a factor (while not dismissing any of the other reasons mentioned) in the declining patronage of the trains.The timetable changes made when Manukau station opened were a disaster for the Eastern line and I’m sure this turned people off. At Meadowbank it was not uncommon to find the train full and have to wait for the next one. A side-effect of this was of course the fares weren’t collected from passengers boarding a virtually full train at Meadowbank or Orakei. With the changes made in late-2012 we now have good even intervals between trains. Another example – yesterday the train was 6 minutes late, points failure on the Eastern line during off-peak, and the destination board was not working for the trains home. 8. Why is this a surprise? A monthly A zone pass in 2000 cost $69. It has now risen to an astounding $140, $55 per month MORE than if the price had been kept in line with transport-sector inflation (see the Reserve Bank online caluclator) and can only be used on a calendar month basis and can only be purchased in a very few locations. Meanwhile the daytripper passes were standardised at $10.50 across all of Auckland, whereas it was $7 for A Zone. Throw in the pittance of a discount provided for Hop card users and you have a recipe for the public giving up on public transport. And rightly so. 9. Agree with others that the discount for HOP needs to be significantly higher than 10% of standard cash fare for adults, for all the reasons given. Generally, though, fares are so high that even people travelling from Henderson to town by rail are looking at about parity between driving and parking or taking the train, and the train doesn’t have the flexibility of the private automobile. That’s accounting for petrol, too, and an older car so near-zero effective depreciation. The only thing that tips it in favour of the train is the recovered personal time to snooze on the way. PT should be compellingly cost-effective over such a long distance but it’s not even close, and that’s with a monthly pass, too. 10. The other thing that can’t happen soon enough is HOP on buses. I wanted to top up my H&E card the other day, and discovered that there’s not a single outlet between Panmure and University of Auckland. Not even in Newmarket. What a bloody joke. 1. Sorry to potentially de-rail the discussion, but yes, does anyone have any information as to when AT Hop is coming to the buses? Thanks. 2. There isn’t a place to top up hop cards at the university any more, which is ludicrous. There isn’t anywhere in a number of satellite-CBDs, such as Takapuna to top up hop cards at all either. 1. I can understand Takapuna not having anywhere, given that they’re not (AFAIK) accepted on any buses that originate from there, but the situation with U.Auckland is very puzzling. The cards are still valid, still usable, and can still be topped up at Britomart. The densest clustering of users is the two universities (UoA and AUTU) so it would make sense to have at least one outlet between them that can do the top-ups. Are you sure that it’s not just that the outlet is closed during the holidays? Universities aren’t back for several more weeks. 11. Cheap cabs does $30 fixed fare from the City to the airport! If the dollar remains strong and labour doesnt undermine values with 100,000 new statehouses, Taxis will become even cheaper as oil drops..Also, TM cards give disability customers incentive to travel via taxi at costs relative to $0.70 a KM. Makes PT look like a joke at current costs. In-fact i bet you partonage with cabs has almost doubled/tripled since 2007. 1. Don’t count on oil dropping any time soon, Cabs. And I for one bet you that taxi patronage has decreased since 2007. Although finding those stats will be tricky. 2. Funny, seeing that Cheap Cabs themselves lists the same fare at 35, not 30, and notes that the fares are metered if they go FROM the airport. Which then includes the airport pick-up fee, as the aiport charges them. For a lower price of 28, you can get an airbus ticket. Two-way, not one-way. Nah, cabs won’t be competing on price anytime soon. And why undermine your own arguments with cheap und unrelated digs at Labour housing policy? 12. Two questions based upon the ignorance of a non-expert in PT: 1) What is “farebox recovery” or “farebox recovery policy”? This is jargon that I can’t decode, sorry. 2) The third graph above shows around 40% working expenses recovery for Auckland. Does this mean there’s a 60% subsidy somewhere? If so, who is funding this? Me? One other comment on costs – even a thirsty car like mine costs only about 25-30c/km for petrol around town, so hard to justify PT for casual trips, and other vehicle costs are largely fixed. A different issue for regular commuting perhaps, especially if parking costs are factored in (say $200/month), although I know several people who use a cheap hack as a second car for commuting so there’s no significant depreciation involved. 1. Farebox recovery refers to the amount of money collected from paying customers vs the costs incurred to run the services so yes if Auckland is at 40% it means 60% of the costs are paid for via a subsidy. The NZTA has put in place a policy that states that on average across the country there needs to be a 50% farebox recovery rate and they gave a 10 year timeframe for that to be worked through so that councils have a time to make necessary changes and is also where things like the new PT operating model come in to improve things like the contracting side of the equation. In the draft RPTP AT expects that we will exceed the 50% ratio in a few years due a couple of key changes. -The new bus network along with new and better bus contracts thanks to PTOM – New electric trains which will bring down rail operating costs substantially even with increased services. – Integrated ticketing (incl fares) making it easier and quicker to use PT plus speed up things like bus boarding times making them more efficient. – Patronage increasing due to these changes above the level of cost increase As for the question of why pay so much subsidy, having the subsidy in place helps prevent a hell of a lot more having to be spent on things like more roads (which are also subsided but no one comments on that part). 1. Thanks Matt. I suspected that farebox recovery probably simply meant revenue as a percentage of operating costs, but it just seems an odd way of putting it! So presumably the policy bit refers to the target percentage. As for subsidies, I have no problem with them in principle. Presumably the subsidy comes from rates so whether it’s applied to PT or to local road maintenance is more a matter of ideology than economics. One could argue that subsidising bus fares is double-dipping as you also have to maintain the roads to run them on, whereas trains use a different corridor. OTOH, maintaining multiple corridors is not very cost-effective either, and train routes are relatively inflexible... To be clear, I’m talking here about operating costs, not capital costs, which is a different discussion (although interest costs on borrowed capital is an operating cost of course). 1. “Flexibility” is not a good thing, though. A benefit of inflexible routes like trains or trams is that people have the confidence to build near them, since they are likely to keep operating. In Auckland’s case, buses aren’t actually much more flexible, since there are only a few long continuous arterials for them to run along, which in the older part of town are mostly former tram routes! 13. Myself taking the train from Ellerslie to Avondale is 4 stage. The $120 monthly pass works out the cheaper option for me but I’m not sure there is much in it between the train and driving in terms of cost. I think train fares are set at close to the highest price the market will bear. Any increases in fare prices in the medium term will, I think, see a further fall in patronage. I’m one that would head back to the car. Just generally, I tend to think it’s a trend in New Zealand that prices are set at the highest price the consumer will bear. There’s often not a lot of consumer surplus or fat left in the deal for consumers. It’s no wonder we’re all so broke. 14. It couldn’t just be that public transport is not a very nice way of getting to work and given half a choice people will travel some other way? 1. Yeah, maybe. For me, I like travelling by train. I wouldn’t like to generalise about travel preferences on everybody else’s behalf. I think we’re looking more at fare prices on this particular post. 1. Neither. Just someone who uses trains as part of their travel ‘mix’. Just like people do in many countries around the world. 2. Given the choice of spending an hour stuck in Auckland traffic vs an hour sleeping on the train or reading a book or commenting on blog posts I know what sounds like more fun. 1. I’m happy to admit I’m a petrolhead but driving in peak traffic does not interest me at all. In fact, gradually, I’m finding I am less inclined to want to drive around Auckland at all so now am buying more things locally (even though often it costs more) than leaving the area. Bring on fast, efficient, realistically priced PT (and a 3G equipped tablet :-)). 15. As a student in the early noughties, I remember paying $5.40 to get into the city from Howick and the same to get back home (there was also a good 4km walk from my house to the bus-stop, but that’s another story). And I wondered why people in the neighbourhood chose to drive... 1. I guess the further out we build, the more strained public transport services become. There will be some bus service but in the absence of political will for rail tracks, the more cars becime the main transport option. 16. Increasing off-peak usage across all modes – where almost all capacity is excess – seems to be the most sensible way to address the farebox issues without raising fares. But for now, there needs to be a moratorium on rises, for at least a couple of years. And even then they should be modest and incremental, not the large leaps we’re now quite used to seeing. All the evidence is they’ve exhausted our capacity to take more. As for me, Melbourne’s cheaper transport is a consideration when I’m thinking about cost of living issues and where to live. I love Auckland, but it isn’t cheap to live outside the central suburbs, not at all. It also harms our ability to enjoy what our city has to offer, its nightlife, culture, sport, and social fabric. That cost (loaded onto society as an externality) isn’t cheap. Nor is the cost of pollution, road accidents, noise, and reduced quality of life which traffic cause the city. At present, none of these are costed or considered in anything more than a token way. 17. I definitely agree about increasing off peak usage, even if it’s at the expense of the farebox. At least more people are getting the benefit of public transport and not risking life and limb out on the roads. I actually favour a 50% off peak discount. Having said that: Death to periodicals. Particularly ones which have to be loaded on. Even daily capping represents a form of farebox leakage. 18. Electric trains will certainly reduce operating costs of the rail network. Electrics typically cost half as much per carriage-km as diesels. In Auckland’s case the difference would be even greater, because the diesels are old and require at least a 2-person crew. AT should be planning on single-person operation to reduce operating costs to the levels of Perth and Melbourne, which have had driver-only operation of electrics for many years. This should then reduce the marginal cost per additional off-peak passenger down to extremely low levels. Sydney has a $2.50 fare for unlimited travel on Sundays, and Melbourne a $3.50 cap for weekend and public holidays. These lower fares help with security because there are plenty of “normal” people on the trains to discourage the ferals. For group travel, perhaps there could be a way of linking individual cards into a “family” or “group”, so the discount fare is calculated. 1. It’s a shame the system isn’t real-time and instead relies on overnight batch operations. If it were real-time it’d be straightforward to create ad hoc daily groups online or at ticketing machines. Leave a Reply
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skip to content Minnesota Blue Minnesota Poem Minnesota Blue Minnesota Blue was written in 1985 by Cordell Keith Haugen as a tribute to his native state Minnesota. Mr. Haugen was born and raised in Northern Minnesota. Although he has lived most of his adult life elsewhere, the poet/songwriter continues to feel pride when he talks of the land of sky blue waters. Minnesota was a great place to grow up, and remains a wonderful place to raise a family, he says today. I feel a sense of pride when I read about surveys which rank the state of my childhood high in the things that really count -- like education, quality of living and concern for the environment. This poem is not an official Minnesota symbol. Minnesota, how I love you Minnesota, I've been away too long How I miss your Minnesota Blue Do your golden fields of wheat and corn Still shimmer in the early morn Waving to the clouds as they drift by Do moose and bear still rule the earth In the Red River Valley of my birth Do the Northern Lights still dance across your sky Does the North Star still guide you Do your farmers still provide you With the way of life that we all learned to share Do they still follow the Golden Rule And dress up each week for Sunday School Do your families still give thanks for living there Are your skies still free of smoke and haze Do your old folks still remember days When your skyline was a grove of Norway pines Does the North Wind whistle through your trees Can you still smell wildflowers on the breeze Do bass and pike still play with fishing lines Do your children still walk the rails Or discover hidden Indian trails Do canoes glide through Minnesota streams Can you hear the cry of the lonely loon Do wolves still howl at your full moon Is Viking Land still Mother Nature's dream Do you still have dairies and rolling hills And mines and quarries and flour mills Do you still brew the best of America's beers Do bobcats still cry at night Does snow still fall so soft and white Do icicles hang like crystal chandeliers So many of yours have left to roam But they still call Minnesota home Like geese that fly above your lakes and wilds And for every one of your million stars There's a prairie son who's traveled far Oh, please remember this Minnesota child. Minnesota, how I love you Minnesota, I've been away too long How I miss your clean fresh air, 10,000 lakes and you How I miss my Minnesota Blue Oh, how I miss my Minnesota Blue Copyright 1985, Keith Haugen back to top
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Rp anyone? Discussion in 'THREAD ARCHIVES' started by Zidlijan, Jan 16, 2013. 1. I feel like roleplaying with someone, school themed bxb so rp with me maybe? ; u ; /too bad at joking however I don’t guarantee IMMEDIATE answers as I am at work and the internet lags a HELL LOT, I’ll take more than one but not more than 4 peoples o u o 2. As in BxB you mean yaoi? Hmm, I've never done it before. I guess I'll give it a shot. 3. Hello. Hm...school themed? What kind of school did you have in mind? Like year and such? I might be interested. 4. Well I was thinking junior high, I'm looking for something dramah, during the latest years. I mean actual times. 5. thank you o 3 o! And sorry I didn't see your message before >A<!
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Harvard University’s Daniel Nocera is a busy man. Last week, we reported on his announcement of a superbug that consumes carbon dioxide and creates fuel, a major development in energy technology. Now, the news is out that the “bionic leaf 2.0” is ready, a next-generation energy system that could eventually help keep more fossil fuels in the ground. Nocera led the team that, in 2011, first developed an artificial leaf that mimicked the natural process of photosynthesis to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, which can be harvested for fuel. Now, with the help of Pamela Silver, Professor of Biochemistry and Systems Biology at Harvard Medical School, an updated version of the bionic leaf blows its predecessors out of the water. The latest iteration doesn’t stop at splitting water molecules; it takes the process one step further by converting hydrogen into usable liquid fuel, with a little help from the superbug we reported on last week. Related: Harvard chemist engineers a superbug that converts inhaled CO2 into fuel “This is a true artificial photosynthesis system,” Nocera said in a statement. “Before, people were using artificial photosynthesis for water-splitting, but this is a true A-to-Z system, and we’ve gone well over the efficiency of photosynthesis in nature... If you think about it, photosynthesis is amazing. It takes sunlight, water, and air—and then look at a tree. That’s exactly what we did, but we do it significantly better, because we turn all that energy into a fuel.” The paper on the new bionic leaf, whose lead authors include postdoctoral fellow Chong Liu and graduate student Brendan Colón, was published last week in the journal Science. Images via Jessica Polka/Silver Lab
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• Main Menu A PRI (Primary Rate Interface) is a telecommunication standard used in the Integrated Services Digital Network or ISDN for carrying multiple DS0 voice and data transmissions between two physical locations. PRI was developed specifically for industrial or large quantity users. It is an industrial ISDN line, while the Basic Rate Interface, or BRI, caters to home and small enterprises. Both Primary Rate Interface and Basic Rate Interface are made up of a number of B channels and D channels. The B Channel (Bearer Channel) is used for data transmission, including voice, and the D channel is meant for signaling and control. A PRI is made up of 23 B-channels, one 64 Kbps D-channel in a T-1 configuration, 30 B-channels, and 1 D-channel using an E1 line. The T-carrier system is standard in Japan, US, and Canada, while E1 is popular across Europe and Australia. In other words, in North America and Japan, PRI is represented as 23B+D with a total bit rate of 1.544 Mbit/s (T1), while it is 30B+D in Australia and Europe, which is equivalent to a bit rate of 2.048 Mbit/s (E1). The Primary Rate Interface uses the Q.931 protocol over the D channel. A PRI is typically used to establish communication between a PBX (private branch exchange), which is a telephone exchange that a telephone company’s customer operates, and the telephone company’s Central Office or an Inter Exchange Carrier or IXC, a long distance telephone company. The PRI’s (primary rate interface) advantage is that the 23 or 30 B channels can be used in various combinations for specific data transmission needs such as videoconferencing, allowing bulk data transfer to be achieved more flexibly. Got Something To Say: Data Link Layer } 244 queries in 0.377 seconds.
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To understand evolutionary patterns and processes that account for anatomical diversity in relation to ecology and life form diversity, anatomy of storage roots and stems of the genus Adenia (Passifloraceae) were analyzed using an explicit phylogenetic context. Over 65,000 measurements are reported for 47 quantitative and qualitative traits from 58 species in the genus. Vestiges of lianous ancestry were apparent throughout the group, as treelets and lianous taxa alike share relatively short, often wide, vessel elements with simple, transverse perforation plates, and alternate lateral wall pitting; fibriform vessel elements, tracheids associated with vessels, and libriform fibers as additional tracheary elements; and well-developed axial parenchyma. Multiple cambial variants were observed, including anomalous parenchyma proliferation, anomalous vascular strands, successive cambia, and a novel type of intraxylary phloem. Successive cambia, trichomes, dermal features, and intraxylary phloem were synapomorphic for particular clades, whereas most traits were homoplastic. Several anatomical features of Adenia are consistent with xeromorphy. Repeated loss and gain of cuticularized, photosynthetic mature stems, narrow vessel elements, highly aggregated vessels, and other features indicative of xeromorphy reveal labile evolution of ecologically significant anatomical features, whereas features that are characteristic of the liana life form reveal evolutionary conservation despite diversification of life form within Adenia. Hearn, David J. "Descriptive Anatomy and Evolutionary Patterns of Anatomical Diversification in Adenia (Passifloraceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: 1, Article 3. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol27/iss1/3
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Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is glucose intolerance that a pregnant woman, previously non-diabetic, develops during her pregnancy. This results in high blood sugar levels during her pregnancy period, which can have certain undesirable effects. GDM can affect the mother and the baby in a number of ways and can have both short-term and long-term complications in both. The risks of these complications increase with higher blood glucose levels. Complications in the fetus can extend to it even as a neonate, as a child and as an adult. However, proper control of diabetes considerably reduces the risks of these dangers. Well controlled sugar levels throughout pregnancy may not cause any complications in the absence of other factors. But, poorly controlled gestational diabetes increases the maternal risk of surgical interference during delivery, pre-eclampsia, and the development of diabetes type 2 later in life. Preeclampsia: Hypertensive disorder Preeclampsia risk increases with GDM in which the mother develops high blood pressure and presence of protein in urine after the 20th week of pregnancy. A part of the risk is due to coexisting obesity, family history and increased age. But, besides these additional factors that increase the risk, GDM, per se, is considered an independent risk factor as well. However, the exact mechanism involved in the association between insulin resistance and hypertensive disorders, is not yet clear. Studies have documented a higher risk of hypertensive disorder in GDM women reaching as high as 17% versus 12% in non-diabetic women. The rate of pre-eclampsia is related to the severity of the diabetes and is diagnosed more in younger age more during the first pregnancy, in obese women and in those with a higher than normal weight gain during pregnancy. Development of gestational diabetes during the second and third trimester can cause excessive growth of the baby (larger baby weighing 9 pounds or more). This is called macrosomia. There is a positive relation established between increased maternal blood glucose and increase in the baby’s weight. This may increase the need for the baby to be delivered by cesarean section. The risk of cesarean is doubled in pregnancies with gestational diabetes. Women with GDM who were being treated for the same remained at a higher risk for cesarean delivery of about 33%. In untreated women, the rate of C-section is higher. In the normal population, the rate of cesarean section is 17%. Again, women with GDM are prone to higher risk of vaginal operative deliveries such as forceps-assisted delivery and vacuum-assisted delivery. Post partum diabetes mellitus type 2 in women with h/o GDM According to Mayo clinic, women with a history of gestational diabetes during their pregnancy and who reach their ideal body weight post delivery, less than 1 in 4 eventually develop type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes develops later in life in more women with h/o poorly controlled GDM. There are several risk factors that increase the GDM woman’s risk of developing postpartum diabetes. - Ethnicity: African-American, Latino, Native American, Asian American, Pacific Islander are most susceptible to postpartum diabetes - Higher age of delivery equal to or more than 33 to 35 years - More number of children - Family history of diabetes - Early development of GDM at or before 22 to 24 weeks - Severity of gestational diabetes - Very high blood sugar levels during pregnancy and immediately postpartum Untreated gestational diabetes increases the risk of fetal and neonatal complications such as congenital malformations, neonatal hypoglycemia, childhood obesity and diabetes later in life. Early (preterm) birth Maternal high blood sugar may increase risk of early labor and delivery of the baby before the due date. Babies born early are at an increased risk of developing respiratory distress syndrome because the lungs are still not fully developed. Development of maternal diabetes in early pregnancy can affect the baby’s development throughout pregnancy. It can cause birth defects which affect the major organs such as the brain and the heart. Risk of premature delivery, miscarriage and still birth is also greatly increased. Injury during labor If the larger baby is delivered vaginally, there is risk of shoulder damage to the baby. This is called shoulder dystocia in which during delivery the head emerges but the shoulder of the baby can get stuck in the birth canal and cause nerve injury to the shoulder of the baby and can also damage the birth canal of the mother. If the pregnant mother with gestational diabetes has high blood sugar especially just before delivery, the baby can be born with low blood sugar levels at birth. This is because the baby’s blood is having high insulin levels to fight the extra blood sugar flowing from the mother through the placenta. After birth the high sugar blood supply has suddenly stopped while the baby’s insulin levels in the blood are still high. This causes the baby’s blood sugar to fall after birth. Therefore, the baby’s blood sugar is checked after delivery and if necessary intravenous glucose is administered. This is done especially when the mother is known to have gestational diabetes. Respiratory distress syndrome As specified above, babies of mothers who have gestational diabetes often develop respiratory distress syndrome in which the babies find it difficult to breathe and may need help to breathe till their lungs develop fully and become mature. Neonatal intensive care admission may be necessary. This can happen not only in babies born pre-term but also in those born full-term. The baby may develop neonatal jaundice, which causes yellowish discoloration of the skin and the whites of the eyes. Though this is mostly harmless, proper monitoring is important. A very large baby is at an increased risk of developing obesity later in life or even earlier during childhood, which again makes the baby prone to developing diabetes mellitus later in life.
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The indigenous people of the Maldives are thought to be descended from different groups of ethnicities who migrated to the islands in ancient times. These include settlers from the shores of southern India and western Sri Lanka as well as some migrants from more northern regions of India. The language of the Maldivians is Dhivehi and the religion is Islam. Maldivian heroes The Portuguese had a keen interest in the Maldives due to the availability of cowry shells, and ambergris, an important ingredient in perfumes, and had been approached by the formerly expelled Sultan, Hassan IX to help him regain his throne. Three attempts were repelled mainly due to Ali Rasgefaanu, who proved to be a brave and tough fighter. He became Sultan Ali VI but only for a few months as he was killed during another Portuguese attack, dying a martyr’s death. The next 15 years saw the darkest period in Maldivian history, when the Portuguese tried to enforce Christianity upon the islanders. Mohamed Thakurufaanu and his two brothers from the island of Utheemu, used a form of guerilla warfare for eight long years, during which one of the brothers was caught and beheaded. Their strategy was to land on an island at night, kill the Portuguese in a surprise attack and sail off before dawn. Thakurufaanu sought the help of the Malabari, killed the Portuguese leader Andreas Andre, locally known as Andiri Andirin, and recaptured Malé. He was made Sultan and reigned for 12 years forming a trained standing army, introducing coins, improving trade and religious observance and founding a dynasty that lasted for 132 years. The British Protectorate In 1887 the Sultan of the Maldives signed a contract with the British Governor of Ceylon turning the Maldives into a British protectorate. The British government promised the Maldives military protection and non-interference in local administration in exchange for an annual tribute paid by the Maldives. In 1957 the British established a RAF base in the strategic southernmost atoll of Addu for £2000 a year, where hundreds of locals were employed. 19 years later the British government decided to give up the base, as it was too expensive to maintain. The Maldives gained independence on July 26, 1965.Three years later a republic was declared with Prime Minister Ibrahim Nasir as the first president. Small as it is the Maldives has always maintained independence and a strong unity despite influences and threats from outside. They are now an internationally renowned country, a member of the UN, WHO, SAARC, Commonwealth, the Non-Aligned Movement and others and play an important role in advocating the security of small nations and the protection of the environment. Book Now by destination name Find destinations that suit your needs (Select all that apply) Holiday Type (Select all that applies) Price Range (US$ per room per night) Distance from airport (in Kilometers) Your Destination Guest Infomation
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Good day, here we bring you mental maths worksheets for grade 3, which brings alongside 10 ideas also adds mental math trick to subtract youtube and grade 3 math 1 9 also calendar worksheets artgumbo org. There are also 51 free multiplication worksheets grade 3 and grade 3 multiplication also grade 3 math 1 4 you are be able to discover in this writing. That is the intro, let's get further. Start with mental maths worksheets year 3 b3 kids math grade 3 pinterest, and after that is mental math worksheets for grade 3 awesome mental arithmetic 1st and free worksheets library download and print worksheets free on. There are also compatible numbers and mental math strategies and 52 calendar math worksheets to bring this story more inspiring. Additionally, we also have math salamanders 3rd grade perimeter worksheets math for third and year 3 mental maths worksheets as well as 5 photos more which we already put together into this amazing gallery you are be able to trippingly look below. Hope you get inspired. Published by : Irene Paige Publish date :
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Duct cleaning Pour vos besoins en nettoyage de conduits de ventilation, nous avons une équipe certifiée par l’IICRC, l’ASCS-CVI, NADCA, en thermographie et recommandée par CAA Québec. Société canadienne spécialisée dans l’analyse de la qualité de l’air intérieur, le nettoyage de conduits de ventilation et la décontamination. Fabricant de matériel robotique de nettoyage de conduits, outils et accessoires pour l’inspection du système de ventilation. Contamination sources Fresh air intake Return ductwork plenum Mixing plenum and filtration unit Blower and coil section Sound attenuator and supply ductwork Diffusers and vav and mixing box Traditional : manual cleaning with vacuumsateurs Robotised equipment Speck bag In many cases, the two terms «air duct cleaning» and «indoor air pollution» are inextricably connected. In fact, duct cleaning has evolved in response to the increasing concerns over indoor air pollution. Although most indoor air quality problems can be traced to problems outside the physical air conveyance system, a significant portion of indoor air quality issues can be traced, at least in part, to conditions within the air conveyance system itself. Most indoor air quality (IAQ) problems are a combination of many factors, the physical condition of the heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system being one of them. The goal of HVAC or air duct cleaning is to remove visible contaminants such as dust, debris and moisture from the entire air conveyance system so that the air passes over clean surfaces. Microbial contaminants such as bread molds, mildews and soil fungi, which can be invisible to the naked eye, can also be removed from the HVAC system with the proper cleaning and sanitizing procedures. Presence of microbial is not uncommon in an HVAC system. However, the presence of active microbial growth is of concern, since it may affect indoor air quality and pose a health risk for some people. The benefits of air conveyance system cleaning include lessening the chances of indoor air pollution, health and comfort complaints by the occupants, and it may decrease energy costs by allowing the mechanical components to operate more efficiently and last longer. The duct cleaning industry is currently unregulated. In 1989, a group of ventilation cleaning contractors and equipment manufacturers formed the National Air Duct Cleaners Association (NADCA). NADCA has, since its inception, developed industry standards for its members, as well as an Air Systems Cleaning Specialist (ASCS) certification program which includes continuing education and training programs. NADCA has not only developed cleaning standards, but has worked closely with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) on testing the effectiveness of air duct cleaning, resulting with the EPA’s suggestion that an air duct cleaning service provider follow NADCA standards. Duct cleaning equipment has evolved on the principal of ‘Source Removal,’ i.e., removing visible contaminants from within the air conveyance system. Vacuum collection systems are the center of duct cleaning. All vacuums which are exhausted inside the building must be HEPA-filtered with a 99.97% collection efficiency for 0.3 micron size particles. The cleaning process typically involves connecting a large HEPA-filtered vacuum to the air conveyance system, or a portion of the system, to create a negative pressure so no contaminants are allowed to escape into the occupied space. As evidence of the industry’s technological advancement within the last 10 years, one simply has to examine the vast extent of equipment that is now available and used during air duct cleaning. Inspection devices are used to inspect the inside of the AHU and/or ductwork for debris, contamination, and serviceability. The optical borescope is one such device that is used for direct viewing. The borescope is placed through an existing opening, such as a vent opening, or a service opening is created and the scope is placed into the area to be inspected. Scopes normally have at least a 115 watt light source, a standard 40 degree field of view and can accept a 35mm camera or a digital camera for documentation purposes. Fiber optic scopes and video scopes operate on the same principal as the optical borescope. In addition to the above, they can be pushed into the ductwork and can actually be manipulated around obstacles and maneuvered to specific sections of the ductwork. A closed circuit television (CCTV) camera system is used to remotely direct the head of the system and a video recorder, with voice, can also be attached for documentation purposes. Remote controlled robotic equipment can be driven through the ductwork and has all of the advantages as the previously stated inspection equipment. Robotic equipment comes in all shapes and sizes and looks similar to toy army tanks with their treaded wheels. Robots can have two cameras, one forward, for entry in to the ductwork, and one reverse, for exiting. The robotic duct systems can also be used for cleaning, spraying and sampling operations. There are basically two types of vacuum collection devices: High-efficiency Particle Air (HEPA) -filtered (which filter the air via HEPA filters, where the air enters an occupied space) and Non-HEPA-filtered (which filter the air into unoccupied spaces, normally outside the building). HEPA-filtered vacuums are very efficient vacuums – in fact, HEPA filters are used in clean rooms and hospital operating rooms. They filter 99.97% of particles which are 0.3 microns (about one-hundredth of a pencil dot) and larger. Large HEPA-filtered vacuums, commonly called negative air collectors or negative air machines, are used to place the portion of the system under a negative pressure. This air purification system ensures that any dust or debris in the system is drawn into the vacuum and not allowed to enter the occupied space. Negative air collectors have a staged filter system with the final stage being the HEPA filter. Portable HEPA-filtered vacuums, which look and operate similar to shop-vacs, are used to hand vacuum, or direct contact vacuum, the AHU and/or the ductwork. There are also HEPA-filtered wet vacuums for removing and containing contaminated water commonly found in drain pans and in ductwork that has been flooded. Non-HEPA-filtered vacuums are commonly used to create a negative pressure and move materials. Their static pressure capabilities are extremely high because they are not very well filtered and, therefore, are placed outside of occupied spaces, normally outside the building. The basic concept of their use in the cleaning process is the same as described above and they can be used to vacuum bulk materials such as blown-in insulation. Remote controlled robotic duct cleaning equipment has the attributes noted above in the inspection section and can be fitted with spinning brushes, directional air nozzles and air whips, sample collection devices, and spraying attachments for spraying sanitizing solutions or various coatings. Robots are invaluable in difficult to access areas. They may preempt a situation in which access through a plaster ceiling is considered or the use of scaffolding or lifts. Electric and pneumatic tools are operated by their respective power sources, electricity and compressed air. Both categories include spinning brushes that remove debris from the surface of the duct. The debris is then drawn into a negative air collector or it is hand vacuumed. One combination cleaning device has an electrically power brush at the end of the HEPA-filtered vacuum hose. As the debris is loosened, it is simultaneously vacuumed. Pneumatic tools include blowguns, directional air skippers and air whips which agitate, loosen and push (with compressed air) the debris toward the negative air collector which is pulling the debris into it. (This is called the push – pull technique.) Spraying devices are used to apply sanitizers and coatings. Airless sprayers are commonly used for this purpose. A technician can physically spray the solution from a service access or a spray cart or robot can be used for spraying. CCTV and video recorders can be attached to the spray cart to view remote spraying or the spray attachments can be connected directly to a duct cleaning robot.
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Sunday, November 27, 2011 Coffee Enemas I've been wanting to write or do a video on coffee enemas but I'm just to chicken. But recently I found that the Wellness Warrior did a video and it's just AWESOME! You can watch it now and my comments will be below. I do them a bit different but not drastically different. • Here is EXACTLY what I do: Immediately upon waking (about 7:45 am) I start my coffee (and if you follow the Gerson Therapy I also start my oatmeal). I have a 4 cup (32 oz) Bodum french press that looks just like this one to the right. I put 3 rounded tablespoons of ORGANIC MEDIUM ROAST COFFEE GROUND in it and fill it about a third to halfway with boiling water. Note about water: I get my water from a natural spring about 30 miles away and yes, the water has been tested and it's amazingly clean water. I know I should use distilled water but something in my soul says that there are minerals in there that Mother Earth wants me to have. • Then I go feed my horses, eat my oatmeal and juice my first juice of the day at about 8-8:15 am. • I then add another cup or two of boiling water to the coffee and stir. It's easy to add the boiling water if you have a water dispenser that heats it like I do or if you use an electric tea kettle or even if you just boil it on the stove. I let that set until 9 am. Most mornings after I eat I need to "go" to the bathroom naturally. The enema works much better if you've evacuated your bowels first. This is a retention enema -not a cleansing enema. • At about 9 I check the temperature of the water and fill it up with either hot or cold to reach body temperature then take it to the bathroom and fill up my bucket which looks like this. • I have a nice little nest on the floor pretty much like the one described by the Wellness Warrior. I have a small pillow and a thick bathmat that I've covered with a large waterproof pad that they use under your butt in hospital bed after you've had a baby (sorry don't know how else to describe them) they cost about 60 cents a piece. You can use a towel but it is going to get messy. Sorry. There is no way around it. I've been doing them over a year now and the amount of times that it went perfectly can be counted on one hand. Coffee will "escape" one way or another. It's just how it goes. Anyway, I highly suggest music or a book to keep your mind occupied or the minutes will literally drag by and it will seem like an eternity. • I also use coconut oil to lube up the end. • Lay on your right side with your knees close but comfortably close to your chest, insert the end 3-4" and SLOWLY let out the coffee. I don't care if it takes 10 minutes to let all the coffee SLOWLY drip in. Just remember you will have much better luck keeping it in for the 12-15 minutes if and only if it goes in slowly. Goes in fast, won't want to stay in and comes out faster. Once it is all in then you start your timer, again for 12-15 minutes or until you can't hold it any longer. Note: It took me months to get my bowels trained to hold it that long. MONTHS, not days and not weeks. Months. Don't push yourself, everyone's body is different. Shoot, you may get it on the first try! • A little trick I learned to help keep it in longer is to make sure you don't have any left over obstructions from your (hopefully) earlier evacuation. I let in just a little bit of coffee. It's hard to say how much because mine is steel and you can't see how much but I count to 5 then clamp it down, remove the tube and lay there 2-3 minutes then get up and let it go into the toilet. There... now getting it all in and keeping it all in will be so much easier - trust me! • Repeat the above by lubing up the end, (though not too much or it will slip right out and it will spray all over you and the floor) and remember to RELAX. Let it in slowly. Stop it if at any time you feel it wants to back up. If it does feel like it wants to come out you can lower the bucket and let it flow back in. Sometimes it's just air and you see bubbles going up the tube. This is perfectly normal. When the pressure is gone, slowly let the coffee flow again. You will learn how your particular body likes it. Listen to your body - it is the best teacher. • And.... This isn't rocket science. This doesn't require a nurse. People have been giving themselves enemas for probably hundreds of years if not thousands. It's like childbirth. It used to be so easy and normal and then the medical community came in and wanted paid for something natural and made everyone afraid to do something your great great grandmother did as a way of life. Just remember that the temperature should be body temperature. I prefer a touch warmer than body temp but if you are worried about burning your insides, colder isn't that big of a deal. • After you've held it 12-15 minutes or if you couldn't hold it that long, then of course, evacuate it all into the toilet. You will probably need to sit there awhile. I have no idea how long you will need. I spend at least another 10 minutes there I'm guessing. I don't know though, never timed myself. I do know that I can read a lot of pages or listen to lots of music during my morning coffee. Keep in mind though not to rush yourself to evacuate it all at once. There are lots of crooks and cranies and it will get stopped up in there. Just relax, it will all come out... Oh, unless it doesn't because your body started absorbing the fluids. Which is also fine. Alrightly then! I hope I've successfully described my morning coffee routine to you. Please feel free to ask me ANYTHING! I'm here to help. Really!
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skype ios7Dribbble/Marcos Paulo Pagano Digital currency firm Circle is rolling out a product in limited release it hopes will someday prove the "Skype" of Bitcoin. The group, headed by Jeremy Allaire, co-developer of the Flash media player, announced Wednesday it had closed a $17 million Series B financing round. Those funds will mostly be put toward developing a suite of services that will allow customers to store digital assets in a cloud, and subsequently transferred, spent, or received with the ease of an SMS or instant message, Circle CEO Jeremy Allaire said. "The metaphor for the user interface is not so much like a wallet or bank account, but much more similar to sending and receving emails texts, like Skype — but in the context of digital assets," Allaire told BI Tuesday. "The metaphor is less 'I'm buying and selling,' or storing some money and more 'It's really powerful to use, I can use it with my friends, especially as more business establishments start accepting it. We expect Bitcoin will go viral." Allaire said he hopes to steer Bitcoin away from what he called its heavily "alphamale geek" userbase, while positioning Circle as a trustworthy name in the Bitcoin ecosystem as it recovers from the collapse of MtGox, once the largest digital currency exchange in the world. "We have a lot of focus on the security we're putting around it, which is really the key — we're effectively a custodian of digital assets, so there's a significant trust burden." He added he expects news laws and regulations to further help ease consumer concerns about handling digital currency. So far, the product is by invitation only, and Allaire said its roll-out will be relatively slow. Investors in the latest funding round include SecondMarket's Barry Silbert, Pantera — a Bitcoin hedge fund that itself just got a huge cash infusion— and a former official at banking security service SWIFT. Get the latest Bitcoin price here.>>
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Cancer research transforms and saves lives. The purpose of studying cancer is to develop safe and effective methods to prevent, detect, diagnose, treat, and, ultimately, cure the collections of diseases we call cancer. The study of cancer is called oncology. Why Is Cancer Research Important? Cancer research is important because the better we understand these diseases, the more progress we will make toward diminishing the tremendous human and economic tolls of cancer. Research has helped us accumulate extensive knowledge about the biological processes involved in cancer onset, growth, and spread in the body. Those discoveries have led to more effective and targeted treatments and prevention strategies. Breakthroughs in prevention, early detection, screening, diagnosis, and treatment are often the result of research and discoveries made by scientists in a wide array of disciplines over decades and even generations. Ultimately, cancer research requires partnerships and collaborations involving researchers, clinicians, patients, and others to translate yesterday’s discoveries into today’s advances and tomorrow’s cures. The Cancer Research Cycle Research progress is often not linear, but cyclical and ongoing. Advances are the result of constantly building on earlier discoveries and observations. The research cycle flows from observations with medical relevance to the patient’s bedside and back to the lab. Progress in cancer research depends on the participation of basic and population scientists, physician-scientists, and clinical researchers, as well as patients, their caregivers, and health care providers. Insights from one discipline influence others, and discoveries made in one cancer can offer new ideas to better address others. Categories of Cancer Research Cancer research can be divided into several broad categories: Basic research is the study of animals, cells, molecules, or genes to gain new knowledge about cellular and molecular changes that occur naturally or during the development of a disease. Basic research is also referred to as lab research or preclinical research. Translational research seeks to accelerate the application of discoveries in the laboratory to clinical practice. This is often referred to as moving advances from bench to bedside. Clinical research involves the application of treatments and procedures in patients. Clinical researchers conduct clinical trials, study a particular patient or group of patients, including their behaviors, or use materials from humans, such as blood or tissue samples, to learn about disease, how the healthy body works, or how it responds to treatment. Population research (also known as epidemiological research) is the study of causes and patterns of occurrence of cancer and evaluation of risk. Population scientists, also known as epidemiologists, study the patterns, causes, and effects of health and diseases in defined groups. Population research is highly collaborative and can span the spectrum from basic to clinical research.
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QUIZ: Can you identify these dialect words used in Tarka The Otter? PUBLISHED: 09:04 09 January 2018 | UPDATED: 12:43 09 January 2018 Tarka The Otter, the classic Henry Williamson novel set in North Devon, was published 90 years ago. Can you identify these dialect words used in the book? August is the 90th anniversary of the publication of Tarka the Otter, which is set in North Devon. We want to test your knowledge with this quiz! Want to test your knowledge of Devon even further? Take these quizzes...
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Dating the Rock Art: In a previous study of rock carvings within the Syunik region, Karakhanian & Safian (1970) suggested that the carvings probably date from 5th to 2nd millennia BC. The evidence collected so far at Ughtasar suggests that these dates may well cover the majority of carvings within the caldera although it is possible that some of the panels were created either earlier or later. In addition there are modern carvings and ‘graffiti’ (also being recorded) from the late 1950s to the 1980s, themselves defaced in some instances. These were probably made by herdsmen using the site as a summer base. As at other sites across the world, dating rock art is problematic as there is currently no reliable scientific method for the direct dating of petroglyphs. It is therefore necessary to turn to circumstantial evidence of various kinds, at Ughtasar as elsewhere. Some of the motifs themselves provide clues, as might surface finds of artefacts recovered from the caldera. Local archaeological sites are also providing helpful comparative evidence. Motifs: The presence of motifs of carts and wagons at Ughtasar suggests that some at least of the petroglyphs were not carved before the early 3rd millennium BC when wheeled transport, as evidenced by clay models, first appears in the archaeological record of Armenia, for example at the Kura-Araxes village settlement of Harich (Kushnareva, 1997). Yoked bulls and one (so far unique) ploughing scene at Ughtasar may be earlier - Kushnareva suggests that the ox-drawn plough first appeared in Armenia between the second half of the 4th millennium and the middle of the 3rd millennium. Surface finds of obsidian: Most of the obsidian implements and debitage so far found at Ughtasar have come from the margins of the seasonal lakes, suggesting that the lithic material was probably knapped nearby. Obsidian does not occur naturally at Ughtasar so all the material must have been brought to the site, perhaps as pebbles collected from the Vorotan River 23kms away, or from one of the original volcanic sources such as Mounts Bazenk, Sevkar or Satanakar around 30-40 kms away. From his analysis of the stone tools, Boris Gasparyan, of the Armenian Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, has suggested that the majority date stylistically to the Chalcolithic Period, some resembling lithic artifacts from the Chalcolithic Horizons of Areni-1 Cave (beginning of the 4th millennium B.C.) and the Late Chalcolithic settlement of Nerkin Godedzor (see below). Ceramics: A potentially significant find from Ughtasar is a ceramic sherd found in very close proximity to Rock 516. This has been dated to the Early Bronze Age (late 4th – early 3rd millennium). From elsewhere there is another fragment which probably derives from the Middle Bronze Age (3rd - 2nd millennium). Medieval sherds have also been found. The dateable ceramics have been few so far. The finds are being examined by pottery specialists at the Institute of Archaeology & Ethnography, Yerevan. Based on the surface finds collected so far it appears that the caldera was systematically visited during the Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, however any relationship between these finds and the rock art still begs many questions. Comparisons with other archaeological sites in the region: The first depiction of a wild goat on any securely dated Armenian artefact, a funerary urn with an associated radiocarbon date of c 3900 BC, comes from the on-going excavation at Areni-1 Cave (Areshian & Gasparyan et al, 2011). Even earlier are ceramic vessels with wild goats depicted in relief excavated recently from the 5th millennium Chalcolithic site of Ovçular Tepesi (Nakhchivan) in the Middle Araxes Valley (Marro et al, 2011). These artefacts form a fascinating and important parallel to the rock carvings of goats at Ughtasar and elsewhere. Also, at Nerkin Godedzor in the Vorotan Valley, just 22 kms from Ughtasar, there are petroglyphs with goat motifs which may well be contemporary with the nearby Late Chalcolithic settlement (Chataigner et al, 2010), artefacts similar to those from the settlement having been found in close proximity to the carved rocks. Thus evidence is mounting to suggest that that the wild goat may have held deep symbolic significance for those who dwelled in the region from the 5th millennium onwards. Rather similar motifs of wild animals to those at Ughtasar appear on petroglyphs in SE Turkey and in Iran. Ozdogan (2004) claims that petroglyphs in the Cilo Sat Mountains of SE Turkey may date from as early as 10th millennium BC (on the grounds of comparisons with the motifs in sculptured reliefs depicting animals at Gobekli Tepe and possible ‘Pre-Pottery Neolithic’ upland settlement evidence at Kahni Melkan). However the Iranian rock art researcher S.M. Ghasrian (2007) is very cautious in his approach to the dating of petroglyphs, concluding that ‘no valid and reliable evidence is currently available with regard to the problem of dating any Iranian rock art’. Many of the petroglyphs in Iran appear to be very similar in character to those in Armenia, with long-horned wild goats predominating significantly. Areshian, G.E., Gasparyan, B. et al. 2011. Wine and Death: The 2010 Excavations Season at the Areni-1 Cave Complex, Armenia, in Backdirt, Annual Review of The Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA. 2011: 65-70 http://www.ioa.ucla.edu/publications/backdirt/backdirt-2011/Backdirt%202011.pdf Chataigner, C., Avetisyan, P. et al. 2010. Godedzor, a Late Ubaid-related Settlement in the Southern Caucasus, in R. A. Carter & G. Philip (eds), Beyond the Ubaid: Transformation and Integration in the Late Prehistoric Societies of the Middle East: 377-394. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Studies in Ancient Oriental Civilisation. No. 63 Ghasrian, S. M. 2007. Sangestoon: a new rock art site in central Iran, Rock Art Research. Vol. 24, No. 1: Kushnareva. K. Kh. 1997. The Southern Caucasus in Prehistory: Stages of Cultural and Socioeconomic Development from the Eighth to the Second Millennium B.C. Philadelphia: The University Museum, University of Pennsylvania. University Museum Monograph: 99 Marro, C. et al. 2011. Excavations at Ovçular Tepesi (Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan). Second Preliminary Report: the 2009-2010 Seasons, Anatolia Antiqua XIX (2011): 53-100 Ozdogan, M. 2004. The Neolithic and the Highlands of Eastern Anatolia, in A. Sagona (ed) Ancient Near Eastern Studies Supplement 12: 23-34. Leuven: Peters Ughtasar Rock Art Project
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Catherine de la Cruz Livestock Guardian pups are most often purchased during lambing season so there are young lambs for the pup to grow up with. So the first time she is left alone with lambing ewes is around the age of a year - a time when her own development is still incomplete. The following story is common. The sheep grower comes out to the pasture and finds a ewe who has recently lambed. Her nose and ears are torn and bleeding, and the rancher's first thought is "dog attack!" The livestock guardian dog is found, often with blood on her fur and an uninjured lamb nearby. The rancher's first thought is usually that the dog has "smelled blood and gone crazy." Many potentially good livestock guardian dogs have their careers cut short at this point. However, had the sheep grower witnessed the "attack," this is the most likely scenario. A ewe - usually a yearling at her first lambing - gives birth to a lamb. Confused, she wanders away to give birth to its twin. The livestock guardian dog finds the apparently abandoned lamb, licks it clean and begins to treat it like a puppy. (This is true whether the livestock guardian dog is a male or a female.) Something about "motherhood" gets through the dim processes of the ewe's brain and she decides to take care of the second lamb. Shortly afterwards, she vaguely remembers she has another one around somewhere and goes to look for it. At this point, the young dog, not sure of its responsibilities, decides to "protect" its lamb against the pushy ewe who seems to think it belongs to her. In the unequal struggle, the ewe butts the dog and the dog retaliates with her teeth. The ewe is injured, and the sheep grower now has several problems on her hands - new lambs, an injured ewe and a confused dog. Repeat this supervision as often as possible during the lambing season; learning when not to interfere, and when to care for a lamb that has actually been abandoned, takes experience. See to it that the dog has the chance to learn this during her first lambing season. Encourage her to spend time with the "bummers" - lambs that are being bottle fed - as this will satisfy some of her curiosity about the newborns. Teach her, by physical restraint, not to get between a ewe and her lamb. If a ewe butts her, forestall retaliation with a sharp "No!" Once she is through her adolescent period, your livestock guardian dog will be a calm and reliable guardian, even for lambing ewes. The "episode of the bloody ear" will be turned into a positive learning experience for both of you. One day, when your livestock guardian dog is older, experienced and sedate, content to sleep in the sun, you will see the old torn-eared ewe and remember when you were all younger and still had a lot to learn. And you will be grateful you had a chance to learn it together - you and your reliable old dog. Return to Library
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Lids in Mapleview Centre, Ontario Lids is located in Mapleview Centre, Ontario, city Burlington. Lids info: address, gps, map, location, direction planner, opening hours, phone number. Mall name: Mapleview Centre 900 Maple Avenue, Burlington, ON L7S 2J8 Phone number to Mapleview Centre mall 905 681 2900 Hours (mall) Driving directions GPS: 43.325381, -79.818056 Looking for another location of Lids store? Go to Lids store locator to see all Lids stores Interested in other stores in Mapleview Centre? Go to Mapleview Centre mall Search other Lids location: Go to the store
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September 07, 2018 Why did Rupee Lose its Status? The economy of the world is lifted by currencies that give strength to hold it and make it strong. The trade of currencies gives the much needed boost to the economies of the world with stocks, bonds, options and commodities being strong with every passing minute. The investments that the businesses are providing, money is contributing a lot to it with buying, selling and losing wealth in the process. Why is Money an Essential Commodity? It is the value of a piece of paper, a coin or cards. It has different variations: money of commodity, money for representing, money for authorization, money of the banks. Everything has its value and is exchanged in for money. Money use in commodity relates to barter system apart from that it can be handled properly and quite easily. Money for representation is a token for notes and coins and can be exchanged for a fixed amount of precious things. Money for authorization is established by the government in form of currency and coins but it is illegal. Commercial money is the cheques, drafts that are associated with banks. It is used to make payments for goods and services. On what factors do the value of currency depends? The value of currency depends on many factors. Some of which are: - Levels of income - Balance of payments - Rate of interest - Rate of growth - Foreign exchange - Banking Capitals These factors make the currency increase its value and maintain its status in the reserves of the banks. Why did Rupee fall? Indian rupee is falling since 1980, with the fall of Purchasing Power Parity (PPP). The inflation led rupee into downfall with a sudden negative impact. The present poke on rupee was rather sharp and it added against the value of the dollar in exchange with rupee. The giant banks have started selling Euros and buying Dollars, the latter went against all major currencies especially Rupee. The start of the financial year had seen rupee depreciating and losing a great sum. Although The Reserve Bank of India has stopped its further fall and is now standing as a barrier but in a small way. RBI is only going to appear in between when it feels it must, but nobody really thinks that the problem of Euro would be solved. People losing confidence over banks especially due to banks security failure! SBI recent security failure is also a reason where its loose it shape. Rupee became weak due to the Euro crisis and it has got nothing to do with the national economy. The global issues got to have an impact on the Asian markets and Rupee became vulnerable this time. Impact of the fall The fall in the value of rupee has created problems for the economy. It had lead to inflation and the prices of all the materials are going to hike. Government has to pay more for the raw materials only because rupee lost its status. Import and export will be expensive now, the EMI for the loans are going to fly high, but the stocks of the IT companies and export units are supposed to perform better. Leave a Reply You must be logged in to post a comment.
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Ask the Experts: Issue 5Comments (0) This article is from Issue 5 of Woodcraft Magazine. Making Difficult Angle Calculations for Turning Q: I’d like to make a hollow cylinder with an inside diameter of 6" or 61⁄2", glued up from 3⁄4" stock. I’ve figured that the circumference is 18.85". By making the boards 1" on the inside it would take 19 boards, but I can’t figure the angle to cut them for glueup. I’ve asked several people (including one woodshop teacher who said he’d have to go home and get his calculator) and I’ve gotten three different answers, all with the phrase “ ... I think” attached. I’d love to have a formula/equation with an explanation, but I’m not much of a mathematician, so the simpler, the better. Ray Lanham responds: Don’t feel alone in your inability to figure out the various angles required for your hollow cylinder. Many woodworkers have been stumped by such calculations. Throw in wedge-shaped staves for compound angles on the pieces and it’s enough to make even a math-savvy woodworker go cross-eyed. Fortunately, the problem has been solved by some woodworking nerds among us; Lloyd Johnson (woodturnerpro.com) and Kevin Neelley (turnedwood.com) are just two of many who have worked out inexpensive software to do the calculations for you. If you want the cylinder to have straight sides, I’d suggest using an even number of pieces which will allow for an easy common angle. (In this case, a 20" circumference comes out to a 6.37" diameter, just what you’re looking for.) Here’s a simple way to make the calculations: 20 pieces divided into 360 degrees is 18 degrees. Since each piece has two sides, 18 degrees divided by 2 equals a 9-degree angle on each side. The more pieces you have, the smaller the angle will be, but the formula remains the same. However, if you wanted that cylinder to be larger at the top than at the bottom, you’ve created a need for compound angles on each side. Any of the software I’ve mentioned will do the calculations for you. A compound stave cylinder having 12 pieces with a 12" outside diameter at the top and a 4" outside diameter at the bottom requires an 11.6-degree angle on each side which is then cut at a 9.57-degree miter angle. That’s way too much calculating for my pea-sized brain, so I simply turn to the software. I decided long ago that I don’t need to understand all the math, as long as someone can help me with the numbers. Good luck with your cylinder! Ray Lanham is woodturner who specializes in segmented turning. His Web site is coeur-de-larbre.com. Choosing the Right Bandsaw Blade Q: How do I know when to change my bandsaw’s blade – besides when it’s dull? Mark Duginske responds: Obviously, when the blade is too dull to saw properly, or has been damaged, causing a kink, it should be replaced with a new blade. Otherwise, you should change out your blade according to the task at hand. Even though bandsaw blades all have the same basic design, each configuration has particular cutting characteristics. To get the best possible cut, use a blade with characteristics suited for the given task, such as cutting thick material or resawing. For 90 percent of my work I use the following three blades. Cutting thick material requires the “beam strength” of a wide blade to prevent blade deflection. For a 14" bandsaw the widest practical blade is 5/8", but I would put 1/2" blades in this category too. A fairly coarse blade, such as one with only three or four teeth per inch (tpi) and an aggressive hook form, is best suited for cutting thick material. Wide blades are perfect for straight cuts such as ripping or cutting tapers. By using a curved resawing guide, you can still get good use from a wide blade that is dulling, because the curved fence helps compensate for blade lead, which is one of the characteristics of a dulling blade. This blade will cut a circle the size of a coffee cup, making it the blade of choice for woodturners. When tuning up your saw, use the wide blade to check wheel alignment. The best all-around medium-sized blade is a 1/4" width with either four or six tpi. This blade is fairly efficient at cutting thick material and can cut a circle about the size of a quarter. This blade does a lot of tasks well, such as cutting a cabriole leg where it is required to make a tight turn in thick material. Because of its versatility, this style of blade is the one that many woodworkers keep on their saws most of the time. A 1/8" blade with 14 tpi can cut a circle the size of a pencil eraser and excels at crosscutting, which makes it good for removing waste material in joints such as dovetails. Mark Duginske is the author of “The Bandsaw Handbook” (1989, Sterling Publishing) and is featured in the Fine Woodworking DVD “Mastering Your Bandsaw.” Getting Truly Round Dowels Q: I’ve noticed a lot of the dowels I buy for my projects are slightly over- or undersized, and many of them aren’t even round. Is there a place to get a really good dowel? Thomas Lie-Nielsen responds: Commercial dowels are cheap, but seldom perfectly round. If you want an accurately sized, round dowel, you have to make it yourself. But if you do, you can use any wood you choose. With just the right wood, you can get a perfect match, and the dowel will be virtually invisible. Or you can choose a contrasting wood for interesting color and pattern combinations. The easiest way to make your own dowels is to use a dowel plate. Just whittle or plane a piece of wood to the approximate size (an octagonal blank works well) and drive the wood through the plate with a hammer or mallet. It will help to chamfer the leading edge to get it started. This works best for short dowels or the sort commonly used in furniture making. You can also size the end of a larger piece, such as making the tenon on the end of a chair rung. Dowel plates can be shop-made with a piece of steel, a drill and a countersink. They are also available commercially from a number of manufacturers. Dowel plates don’t need to be sharpened very often, but the way to do it is simply to stone the entire top of the plate to an even flatness, which hones the edges of the dowel holes. Thomas Lie-Nielsen is a toolmaker and author of Taunton’s “Complete Illustrated Guide to Sharpening.” You must be logged in to write a comment. Log In
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Why is it that our earliest relationships with our parents leave such a lasting mark? A loving parent is not the norm in the animal kingdom. All animals produce babies but very few animal parents dedicate years to caring for their young like we do. For instance, sea turtles lay hundreds of eggs and offer them no care other than a sandy nest. The fragile hatchlings are left to scramble down to the sea alone and very few survive to adulthood. Mammals developed a different strategy that saw their babies kept safe inside mum’s body. However, even by mammalian standards, we human parents are extremely loving. When our ancestors evolved big brains and stood up on two legs to walk, giving birth became more difficult and our ancestors compromised by giving birth to tiny, helpless babies. This is why our babies need love and lots of care – they’re born with a brain that’s still developing, and which grows fivefold from birth to adulthood. We usually only have one baby at a time and we love and care for them intensively, for not just days but many years while they grow to full adulthood. We literally teach them everything they know. So humans have evolved a deep, loving intertwined bonds with our children. Unlike geese, we don’t attach, bond or imprint instantly on our parents at birth. Bonding for humans is a process during which parent and child develop a deep emotional attachment. Can the love and nurture we experience as babies and toddlers really affect our brain development, our potential, and our future? Your toddler’s brain has over 100 billion special cells called neurons, each one of which can connect to as many as 7,000 other brain cells, and like other human brains, it’s the most complicated object in the known universe. But a toddler’s brain is also immature. The experiences a toddler has lead to multitudes of new connections in the brain. So love, interaction and talking all promote your toddler’s brain development. Neurobiologists have suggested that so-called epigenetic effects may explain the mechanism by which parental love affects the brain. A lack of love also has a long-term effects across generations. Epigenetic effects describe inherited changes in gene expression (our reaction to stress, for example) that do not change the underlying DNA sequence. This results in a change in phenotype (e.g., expressed behaviour) without a change in genotype. Studies of mice parents show that ‘loving’ mothers who are attentive and lick their babies (and the babies of other mice were who transferred to their litter by the scientists) permanently change the behaviour and gene expression of their offspring when they grow up. What’s more, ‘loved’ female mice become better mums themselves when they have babies. It’s good news all the way for the ‘loved’ mice. They also turn out to be: What’s more, these powerful effects stretch over at least two generations. So a ‘loving’ grandmother mouse may actually influence the genetically expressed behaviour and attributes of her grandchildren. It seems that these changes may be caused by chemical alterations in the genes and hormones in the brains of the baby mice. These powerful effects are likely to affect humans too. Evidence from Russian orphanages of the most neglected babies seems to indicate that a lack of love, laughter or stimulation may impair the development of not just the child’s emotional development but cognitive development too. Parental love is more important than we ever imagined. Similarly, the neurons of children who have suffered stress without a loving caregiver to act as a buffer have fewer connections to other neurons. Toddlers can feel the full spectrum of emotion, from desperate sadness through fury to joy in a matter of minutes. Part of your job as a parent is to help them to control and regulate their emotions. This is because they do not yet have the mental hardware to do this for themselves. Toddlers’ emotions are like a central heating system and you as the parent work as their thermostat. Sometimes they need cooling down and sometimes they need warming up. Don’t worry that this requires complicated skills – it doesn’t. Regulating your toddler’s emotions can be as simple but as powerful as: As your toddler becomes a preschooler and then a school-aged child she will begin to increasingly internalise the ability to regulate and manage her emotions and to understand where they come from. (See the chapter on positive discipline for more of an explanation of how your toddler can learn to regulate and understand her emotions). A toddler’s self-esteem is built and strengthened from birth by having a warm, responsive, sensitive and loving bond with his or her parents. This secure attachment is the foundation and bedrock of your toddler’s self-esteem, self-worth and resilience. While a sense of being loved helps to promote your toddler’s self-esteem, a study published in 2015 warned against fostering narcissism in your child. Research published in the National Academy of Sciences in 2015 reported the findings of a study that followed 565 children in the Netherlands. The children whose parents told them that they were ‘more special than other children’ and ‘deserve something extra in life’ were more likely to score highly for narcissism than the other children in the study. In contrast, those children who were told they were loved by their parents demonstrated higher self-esteem but not narcissistic attitudes. This study suggests that love and warmth are more effective at boosting your toddler’s self-esteem than telling them they are special. These parents had a ‘Messiah complex’ when it came to their children and were more likely to praise their child’s extraordinary talents and unique skills rather than hard work. The way that you talk about your toddler’s attributes, behaviour, body and personality now will begin the narrative that they hold inside themselves of who they are. This also backs up the idea that it is better to concentrate on praising your toddler’s efforts rather than their ‘abilities’. For example, if your toddler is persisting at a new task, praise the persistence rather than the ability. So get into the habit of saying, ‘Well done – you keep trying to climb up those stairs, don’t you?’ That way, your toddler learns to understand, from an early age, that you appreciate and praise her persistence, her tenacity and her willingness to practice (which is a crucial aspect of all learning). It’s hard not to gush about your child’s abilities, especially if they’re gifted at something and doubt themselves, but try to rein it in a little. They may have natural talent but the reality is that even for the David Beckhams of this world, a huge part of their success is hours and hours of practice. In fact, in Malcolm Gladwell’s wonderful book ‘Outliers’, he explains the theory that most maestros in their field have dedicated 10,000 hours (over 10 years of their life) to practicing. Praising effort teaches children with natural abilities that they have a role in honing their skills and the things they love to do, which is both true and empowering. Brummelman et al (2015) ‘Origins of narcissism in children.’ PNAS 2015 112 (12) 3659-3662 Gladwell (2008) ‘Outliers: The Story of Success.’ Penguin Masterpasqua F (2009). “Psychology and epigenetics”. Review of General Psychology 13 (3): 194–201. Nelson (2007) ‘A Neurobiological Perspective on Early Human Deprivation’ Child Development Perspectives 1 (1) 13-18
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Tom Morello Rages Against Critics Who Question His 'Blackness' I Am the Highway: A Tribute to Chris Cornell I Am the Highway: A Tribute to Chris Cornell Tom Morello isn't afraid of controversy or of talking about sensitive issues — in fact, it's kind of what Rage Against the Machine was all about. So when a Twitter user recently accused the legendary guitarist of "race baiting" for a Tweet in which Morello recalled an uncomfortable exchange with a hotel employee in North Carolina, Morello responded with all the visceral eloquence you might expect from a bi-racial punk rocker who graduated from Harvard with honors and a political science degree. "Tom, you're the whitest looking 'black guy' I've seen, give the race baiting a rest," wrote a Twitter user with the ironic handle @doublegeenius. In his original Tweet, Morello appeared to suggest that the hotel employee was paying special attention to him because he is a person of color in a presumably upscale hotel. That doesn't fit the definition of race-baiting, but it still triggered @doublegeenius enough to accuse Morello of being white, therefore implying that Morello does not know what he is talking about. But the bi-racial Morello is no stranger to these comments, noting via his response on Instagram that he "changed colors" between childhood and adulthood. In a lengthy caption accompanying a screenshot of the Tweet in question, the rocker noted how he was black enough growing up that he was treated differently by his white peers — and even occasionally harangued with the n-word. He recalled once being handcuffed by a police officer for just walking down the sidewalk. Then there was the time the Ku Klux Klan hung a noose on his family's house. "So, you see, I was BLACK," Morello wrote. "Then later on I played in a famous band. The band's music had many of the markers typically associated with "white" hard rock music, we appeared in magazines and on radio stations generally reserved for white artists, my speech and vocabulary in interviews are not stereotypically 'urban,' and lo and behold there is a segment of my audience that freaks the f--k out whenever I reference being black. To them, I must be white. I MUST." He chalked up the contradictions to a 'cognitive dissonance' among a segment of his fan base. "When confronted with facts that contradict beliefs, people will try to find a way to resolve the contradiction to reduce their discomfort (Tom you are not black! Stop talking about race as if you are!)," he added, before in a few words apologizing for "singling out this one jackass..." "...[B]ut it's an illuminating example," he concluded. "One more example of the complex and messed up issue race remains in the US in 2019." Recently, Morello has been urging his social media followers to support prison reform. In a series of posts over the weekend, the former Audioslave guitarist called attention to the disproportionate number of minority Americans who are incarcerated for low-level crimes. In observance of Mother's Day, Morello partnered with the ACLU of Kentucky to draw attention to the social cost of mass incarceration of women in the Bluegrass State, which jails women more than twice as often as the national average. Photo: Getty Images Sponsored Content Sponsored Content
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A MAN has walked free from court after knocking a man unconscious, leaving him with a fractured skull, when he stepped in to defend his friend. Dexter Creighton had been out drinking with friends in Darlington town centre just before Christmas when a drunken man started trouble with one of the group. CCTV footage shown to Teesside Crown Court showed Creighton punch an RAF serviceman before kicking him in the head – leaving his victim knocked out and needing emergency treatment from paramedics. Harry Hadfield, prosecuting, said the victim was walking along Skinnergate throwing chips at people in the moments leading up to the violent confrontation outside Voodoo Lounge. He said: “The victim punched one man and Dexter Creighton reacted and punched the victim to the ground. The CCTV footage has recorded what took place when the victim was assaulted and members of the public saw it. “There was a female there who knew Dexter Creighton and heard him kick the victim the floor and he fell like a dead weight. She said it was a horrible sound – like a block of wood hitting stone.” He added the victim was placed in an induced coma for several days after suffering a bleed to the brain and a fractured skull as a result of the assault. The RAF serviceman has managed to return to work following intensive treatment but due to the nature of his head injuries he is still unable to drive, the court heard. In a victim personal statement, he said the injuries he had suffered had hindered his career plans in the RAF and meant that he had been forced to stop playing football for the air force. A statement from his mother highlighted the impact the assault had on the family adding that she was relieved that her son had recovered from his significant injuries. Ian Mullarkey, mitigating, said his client had acted in self defence but accepted that his reaction had been excessive. He added that Creighton, of Gouldsmith Gardens, Darlington, had the offer of well-paid work as a rigger in Germany and urged Judge Howard Crowson not to jail him. The judge said he watched the CCTV footage several times and believed that it showed that the victim had been the original aggressor in the incident but added that Creighton had over reacted to the situation and had gone over the mark for self defence. He also agreed the 27-year-old's reaction to the punch was excessive. He said: “I’m dealing with a situation where you were responding to an attack and you misjudged your response.” Creighton, who pleaded guilty to inflicting grievous bodily harm, was given a 16 months sentence suspended for 18 months and ordered to pay £1,000 compensation.”
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Jenna Ladd | January 12, 2017 The rusty patched bumble bee was recently added to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service endangered species list for the first time. The Xerces Society, a non-profit conservation group out of Portland, Oregon, petitioned the Fish and Wildlife Service for the species’ new designation. Serina Jepsen, director of the Xerces endangered species program, said in an interview with Radio Iowa, “The rusty patched bumble bee has declined by about 90% from its historic range,” Jepsen added, “It used to occur across 31 states as well as some Canadian provinces. It now occurs in just a handful of locations and it really only exists in any numbers in a few areas in the upper Midwest.” Small numbers of the rusty patched bumble bee are still found in Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois and Indiana, but meaningful populations have not been detected in Iowa in years. Native pollinators like the rusty patched bumble bee are estimated to add $9 billion in value to the agricultural economy each year. Jepsen said, “These animals together, not just the rusty patched bumble bee, but the rusty patched bumble bee and all of the other native bees that provide pollination to both wildflowers and natural ecosystems as well as our crops, are incredibly important to functioning ecosystems.” Now that the species has been added to the endangered species list, “The Fish and Wildlife Service now has the authority to develop a recovery plan and work towards the species recovery. I think this will really make the difference this species needs in terms of its future survival and existence, really,” Jepsen said. She added that providing habitat that sustains all pollinators depends on the continuation of investment from public agencies combined with efforts of private citizens. The rusty patched bumble bee has a way of giving back. Jepsen said, “Addressing the threats to the rusty patched bumble bee that it faces, from pesticide use, from disease, from habitat loss, will help not only this species but a wide variety of other native pollinators that are really important to functioning natural ecosystems as well as agricultural systems.”
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Cap Rate Example What is a “Cap Rate”? The Capitalization Rate or Cap Rate is a ratio used to estimate the value of income producing properties. Put simply, the cap rate is the net operating income divided by the sales price or value of a property expressed as a percentage. Investors, lenders and appraisers use the cap rate to estimate the purchase price for different types of income producing properties. A market cap rate is determined by evaluating the financial data of similar properties which have recently sold in a specific market. It provides a more reliable estimate of value than a market Gross Rent Multiplier since the cap rate calculation utilizes more of a property's financial detail. The GRM calculation only considers a property's selling price and gross rents. The Cap Rate calculation incorporates a property's selling price, gross rents, non rental income, vacancy amount and operating expenses thus providing a more reliable estimate of value. If we have a seller and an interested buyer for particular piece of income property, the seller is trying to get the highest price for the property or sell at the lowest cap rate possible. The buyer is trying to purchase the property at the lowest price possible which translates into a higher cap rate. The lower the selling price the higher the cap rate. The higher the selling price, the lower the cap rate. In summary, from an investor's or buyer's perspective, the higher the cap rate, the better. Investors expect a larger return when investing in high risk income properties. The Cap rate may vary in different areas of a city for many reasons such as desirability of location, level of crime and general condition of an area. You would expect lower capitalization rates in newer or more desirable areas of a city and higher cap rates in less desirable areas to compensate for the added risk. In a real estate market where net operating incomes are increasing and cap rates are declining over time for a given type of investment property such as office buildings, values will be generally increasing. If net operating incomes are decreasing and capitalization rates are increasing over time in a given market place, property values will be declining. If you would like to find out what the cap rate is for a particular type of property in a given market place, check with an appraiser or lender in that area. Be aware that the frequency of sales for commercial income properties in a given market place may be low and reliable capitalization rate data may not be available. If you are able to obtain a market cap rate from an appraiser or lender for the type of property you are evaluating, check to see if the cap rate value was determined with recent sales of comparable properties or if it was constructed. When adequate financial data is unavailable, appraisers may construct a cap rate through analysis of its component parts thus reducing the credibility of the results. Cap rates which are determined by evaluating the recent actions of buyers and sellers in a particular market place will produce the best market value estimate for a property. If you are able to obtain a market cap rate, you can then use this information to estimate what similar income properties should sell for. This will help you to gauge whether or not the asking price for a particular piece of property is over or under priced. How do you calculate a cap rate? Calculate the yearly gross income of the investment property. The gross income of a piece of investment property will mainly be in terms of rent rolls. Subtract the operating expenses associated with the property from the gross income. Divide the net income by the property's purchase price. Return Back to: FAQ Page
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Black Hole Light Beams Black holes comprise some of the biggest mysteries in space research. Recently scientists discovered X-Ray light emitting near the hole. Where did the light come from? Read on to learn more about black hole light beams. The study of black holes always seems to add questions rather than answer questions. Mysterious and massive, black holes occur throughout space. The mystery keeps scientists busy trying to answer the questions where, when, why, and how. A recent observation regarding the black hole near the star V404 Cygni has researchers now asking what. What causes X-Rays to shoot outward near the center of the black hole? V404 Cybni’s Black Hole Located about 7800 light-years in the constellation Cygnus, a star name V404 Cygni hosts a black hole close by. The star weighs as much as nine of our suns put together and feeds the black hole matter from its output. Consequently, scientists have been observing the black hole since June of 2015. At that time, international researcher, Dr. Poshak Gandhi captured bright outbursts of light. Strangely enough, small telescopes used by amateur astronomers captured the bright light. They believe that the light has enough energy to destroy an Earth-like planet if focused. Scientists captured a 0.1 -second delay between the X-Ray flares coming from the black hole and light. The x-ray light emits from the black hole and within a blink of an eye, the visible light flashes appear. The jet plasma begins to shine. How does the plasma jet form? How It Forms Researchers have a theory on how the jet forms. They know that matter outside the hole collects and as it grows it pulls in more matter. Consequently, the gravity within the disc twists and stretches the magnetic fields. This squeezes the material creating a hot plasma. At this point, the plasma erupts in the form of oppositely directed magnetic pillars along the black hole’s rotational axis. Plasma travels along these focused jets and gains tremendous speed, shooting across vast stretches of space. At some point, the plasma begins to shine brightly, but how and where this occurs in the jet has been debated by scientists. Capturing X-Rays on Camera The X-ray emission, representing the accretion disc ‘feeding’ the jet at its base, was captured from Earth orbit by NASA’s NuSTAR telescope, while the moment the jet became visible as optical light was caught by the ULTRACAM high-speed camera, mounted on the William Herschel Telescope on La Palma, in the Canary Islands. Professor Vik Dhillon, of the University of Sheffield, the principal investigator behind ULTRACAM, commented: “This discovery was made possible thanks to our camera gathering 28 frames per second. It demonstrates the untapped potential of studying astrophysical phenomena at high speeds.”At the same time, radio waves from the extended portions of the jet plasma were observed by a team of Professor Rob Fender, of the University of Oxford, using the AMI-LA radio telescope, in Cambridge, UK. The amazing ability to capture light emitting near the center of the black hole will allow researchers to learn more in the coming years. It will be interesting to see if other black holes do the same thing. What if they do something different? We may never know what exactly causes this phenomenon but each time they capture the light another question may be answered to this ongoing mystery.
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Data science has become an invaluable practice across industries, enabling organizations to unlock transformative insights from data. However, practicing data science effectively requires having the right tools in your toolbox. In this comprehensive guide, we will explore the must-have categories of data science tools and do a deep dive into the top options in each category. Relational databases continue to serve as the backbone of data infrastructure due to their ability to structure data into related tables. This makes them ideal for transactional applications as well as many analytics use cases. SQL remains an essential skill for querying and manipulating relational data. Microsoft SQL Server is a leading enterprise-grade database that has evolved robust data science capabilities like embedded R and Python support. The Machine Learning Services feature unlocks advanced analytics and AI functionality. SQL Server runs on Windows Server with customizable concurrent user licenses. Microsoft also offers it as a managed Platform-as-a-Service on Azure. MySQL is a popular open source relational database, used widely in web applications thanks to its speed, scalability, and ease of use. It has a vast developer community and third party tool support. While MySQL doesn‘t have built-in analytic features, it can connect to most BI, reporting and visualization tools. Its flexibility makes it a great low-cost data science option. PostgreSQL is another open source database gaining popularity for its versatility and extensibility. It handles complex queries with advanced functionality like geospatial data indexing. PostgreSQL’s ability to combine OLAP analytics and OLTP transactions in a hybrid HTAP architecture makes it uniquely suited for real-time analytics on live data. NoSQL databases specialize in scalability and flexibility in how they store and query non-tabular, unstructured data like documents and graphs. They prioritize high availability and horizontal scaling for big data applications rather than strict ACID compliance. MongoDB is one of the most popular document databases. It uses a JSON-like format to store flexible schemas at scale. MongoDB is optimized for ease of development, performance, and on-demand scalability across distributed clusters. Its indexing and aggregation capabilities provide powerful foundations for analytics. Redis is an in-memory data store known for sub-millisecond performance. It supports advanced data structures like sorted sets for ranking and geospatial indexing, making it valuable for high volume analytics. Redis works across diverse use cases from caching, messaging queues, graph databases, and more. Big Data Frameworks Analyzing huge datasets requires distributed computing frameworks that can process data and execute algorithms across clusters of commodity servers. Created for batch processing petabytes of data across cheap hardware, Hadoop continues to be widely adopted. Its core is the MapReduce programming paradigm that automatically parallelizes computation. While powerful, Hadoop requires significant infrastructure to operate and tune. Apache Spark builds on top of MapReduce with an engine optimized for speed and ease of use. Leveraging in-memory caching and stream processing, Spark runs programs up to 100x faster than Hadoop, while requiring fewer resources. This makes it ideal for data science applications requiring ad-hoc analysis. Turning insights from data into action requires the ability to clearly communicate through visualizations. Modern tools move beyond basic charts to rich, customized dashboards. Microsoft Power BI enables intuitive data viz creation, with options to ingest data from many sources including Facebook and Excel. It provides interactive dashboards to explore data through maps, filters and other tools. The SaaS platform makes sharing secure dashboards easy. Tableau focuses on fast, easy visual analytics for anyone, not just technical users. With smart defaults that automatically visualize data with best practices, it speeds up time to insight. Tableau also connects to many data sources and enables sharing interactive dashboards. QlikView shines in enabling collaborative, multi-dimensional analysis through highly interactive and associative visualizations. Its Associative Engine allows users to freely explore data from multiple sources in a unified view. It also provides robust data security and governance. Web Scraping Tools While many APIs exist today, in cases where websites don‘t expose data programmatically, web scraping provides a way to systematically extract it. Octoparse provides an easy-to-use visual interface for developing scrapers without coding. It also offers a high performance distributed scraping cloud service. Support for handling difficult sites and CAPTCHAs makes Octoparse a great choice for beginners and experts alike. A developer focused scraper, Content Grabber requires .NET programming but enables advanced functionality like using proxies, regex tools and custom APIs. Integrations with browsers like Chrome and Firefox also speed up scraping complicated sites. ParseHub takes a mixed approach, providing a UI to develop scrapers while also giving access to an API for developers. Running scrapers in the cloud, ParseHub can extract sophisticated data types like nested comments, events calendars and more. While SQL continues to be a must-have skill, specialized languages like Python and R dominate cutting edge data science development today. With simple syntax loved by beginners yet advanced libraries for ML/AI, Python strikes the right balance for doing serious data science without the steep learning curve. Thousands of data focused libraries enable everything from cleaning data to building predictive models. Purpose built for statistics and analytics, R makes manipulating datasets and visualizing insightful charts painless due to its array of specialized packages. While R has a steeper initial learning curve and lacks engineering focus, it remains incredibly popular for modeling and exploration. Integrated Development Environments Choosing an IDE tailored to your language and applications streamlines coding for data professionals through features like smart auto-complete, version control integration, and debugging capabilities. Spyder provides a rich workspace for science and analytics use cases. Bundled with Variable Explorer, graphics/plotting tools, profiler and console, it enables easy data exploration alongside coding. IPython integration supercharges Python data workflows. Beloved by software engineers, PyCharm provides a polished, full-featured Python IDE optimized for building robust applications with features like real-time error checks, abundant refactoring tools, built-in debugger and profiler, plus access to thousands of Python libraries. RStudio focuses squarely on making R users efficient with specialty panels like Environment/History, integrated Tutorials/Help, Visualization toolkit, Package manager, Debugger, and multi-language Markdown editor. Its flexibility across desktop, server and cloud deployment options makes it widely used. This overview covers the key categories and top tools, but new data science offerings continue to emerge at a dizzying pace. Whether relational or NoSQL databases, statistical languages like R or multipurpose Python, or cloud-based notebooks and services – every practitioner must find the right combination of technologies for their needs. We hope this guide provides a useful starting point in building your data science toolbox for extracting impactful insights!
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Sunday, August 19, 2012 It's Crazy How Sane I Am A thin wall of plywood separates the neighbor's garage from mine. It gives the illusion of privacy, but the truth is, I know when they decide to occupy that space on the other side of the wall. I can hear everything that goes on over there as long as I am standing in my own garage. I'm not normally a nosey neighbor, but I am privy to those times Yessica has gotten frustrated with Little Max and Sweet Ana. The children will be banished to the garage for an afternoon where they'll spend their time playing pirates and searching for treasure. The music of the occasional midnight soiree drifts over to my side, sometimes low and melodic, sometimes booming. Sometimes I'm a forgiving neighbor. Sometimes, not. I know when Jorge sneaks away from the family for a quick joint. The sickly scent of marijuana cannot be contained to one unit. It permeates my world as well as theirs. Once, I became so frustrated with the assault, I stood in my own garage and boldly announced to the unseen offender that I was allergic to marijuana (which is true). Some scuffling and a muted "Oh shit," could be heard, but I've never again had to suffer second-hand "euphoria." I am fully aware that my neighbors will always be "in" on whatever I decide to do out there. The truth is, I don't do much more than park the car or search for a screwdriver, but that is beside the point. I've never had any expectation of privacy in my garage. That is part of life when you have condemned yourself to live in a duplex like me. This morning, I moseyed into the garage and immediately halted at the sound of soft cries. At first, I thought one of my kids was out there. My heart jumped a little at the idea of one of my little ones being hurt and alone in the corner of a cold, smelly, dark garage. But, silly me, my children aren't small. They are grown, and completely capable of finding their way to the door or screaming for help. It was Yessica, the neighbor. The mom. She was having a good old-fashioned cry over there. I recognized it for what it was, because I've done it myself. All women do it. It is as necessary to us as breathing. We need to get a little crazy to preserve our sanity. Men don't understand it, but women get it. I've never had my cry in the garage of course, but maybe this was Yessica's only option for retreat. I don't know if she'd heard me come into my garage, but she didn't give any indication of it. I wanted to back up and gently close the door, but I was frozen to the spot. I felt like an intruder into what was obviously a private moment. Her soft cries quickly turned to heavy sobs. My heart went out to her. Should I say something? Should I ask her if something was wrong? Should I call to her to let her know that everything was going to be okay? Would that even be true? Should I at least be decent enough to make a ruckus so she would know I was there? I was stuck in a moment that was both awkward and heart-breaking. If I reached out to her, would that make me a good neighbor, or a bad one? Jorge startled me into movement. I heard his booming voice call out to his wife. "Yessica! Where'd you go?" A few moments passed before she answered. I imagine she needed to compose herself before returning to her loud, demanding husband, who would probably never understand the need for a good old-fashioned cry. Friday, August 17, 2012 100 Words: I'm the Mom, Not the Maid I'll move to someplace where it rains at least twice a week and relatives aren't allowed, specifically, offspring. I'll take the computer, the books and my nice comfy bed. I'll probably take the coffee maker as well. I'll eat out every night so I won't need to wash the dishes and I'll wear jammies all the time. Nobody here notices what I do until I neglect to do it. Things pile up and get gross. Then they point fingers at each other proclaiming, "He didn't clean it!" or "She didn't lift a finger!" I think that's pretty obvious, don't you? Wednesday, August 1, 2012 Also Known As You may not realize this (especially if you work for Pier 1 Imports), but Nessa Roo is not my real name. Well, the "Nessa" part is real, but the "Roo" part is simply a musical note you sing at the end. I found this mailer in my mail box today. I have no idea how Pier 1 matched this imaginary name to my actual address, but there you have it. You know what this means, don't you? (I have an alias.)
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In late August 2015 an article appeared in the New York Times with a loaded headline: Many Psychology Findings Not as Strong as Claimed, Study Says. The article reported on a recent publication in the journal Science, which raised important questions about the extent to which findings in psychological research are replicable . This is an important issue, since replicability is considered a hallmark of the scientific method. If findings cannot be replicated, the trustworthiness of the research becomes suspect. The publication in Science outlined the findings of a major project that had attempted to replicate 100 studies that had been published in major psychology journals in recent years. Led by Brian Nosek of University of Virginia, the research was conducted by a network of research teams (there were 270 contributing authors to the publication) that had coordinated efforts to replicate a total of 100 studies that had been published in three top tier psychology journals: Psychological Science, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. They found that just over one third of the studies could be replicated. As one could imagine, this study, designated as The Reproducibility Project, has caused quite a stir in both the professional world and the media. After its publication, the September issue of American Psychologist, the flagship publication of the American Psychological Association, was devoted to what has been termed the “replication crisis” in psychology. Some of the articles in this issue attempted to dismiss or minimize the significance of The Reproducibility Project, while others attempted to identify factors endemic to the field of psychology which may contribute to the problem and suggested steps that can potentially be taken to address it moving forward. The field of psychology has been aware of this problem for some time. In the mid-1970s Lee J. Cronbach, a prominent methodologist, noted the general tendency for effects in psychology to decay over time. At same time, Michael Mahoney, a prominent cognitive behavioral theorist and researcher, drew attention to this problem in a more emphatic way. As he put it “The average physical scientist would probably shudder a the number of social science ‘facts’ which rest on unreplicated research.” More recently, cognitive psychologist Jonathan Schooler garnered considerable attention with a publication in the high profile journal Nature in which he described the ubiquity of the replication problem in psychology, and outlined some of the factors potentially responsible for it. It is important to bear in mind that conversations about whether there is indeed a replication crisis in psychology take place within the broader context of an ongoing conversation about the cultural boundaries of science. Efforts to establish the boundaries of demarcation between the “sciences” and nonsciences have been of longstanding interest to philosophers, and increasingly to sociologists, anthropologists, and historians as well. Within the field of psychology, conversations of this sort can arouse intense controversy and heated discussion. This is not surprising, given the fact that whether or not a given field of inquiry is considered to be a science has significant implications for the designation of epistemic authority in our culture. This in turn has immense implications for social prestige, power, credibility, and the allocation of resources, all of which shape research agendas and ultimately influence shared cultural assumptions. Whether or not psychology (and other social sciences such as anthropology, sociology and economics) should be viewed as belonging in the same category as the natural sciences such as physics, chemistry and biology, can and has been argued on various grounds including methodology, explanatory power, predictive power, and the ability to generate useful applications. But the bottom line is that these cultural boundaries shift over time, and at times become the focus of considerable controversy. In the aftermath of World War II, the question of whether the social sciences should be included along with the natural sciences within the nascent National Science Foundation (NSF) was the topic of sustained debate. Proponents of including the social sciences argued that they share a common methodology with the natural sciences and that although they have less predictive power can nevertheless lead to trustworthy developments in knowledge with important applications. Opponents argued that the social sciences have no advantages over common sense, that their inclusion would lead to a tarnishing of the public’s view of the natural sciences, and that unlike the natural sciences, which at the time were portrayed as “objective,” the objectivity of the social sciences is compromised by their inevitable entanglement with human values. Ultimately a decision was made not to completely exclude social sciences from the NSF, but to include them under a miscellaneous “other sciences” category (in contrast to sciences such as physics and chemistry which were designated by name). Then in the 1960s a number of social science proponents argued vigorously for the establishment of a National Social Science Foundation (NSSF) to house the social sciences. At this time they argued that the social sciences do indeed differ from the natural sciences in important ways, and warrant dedicated funding, so that they don’t have to vie with the natural sciences for resources. An important concern at the time among those arguing for the creation of an NSSF was that the social sciences would always be treated as “second class citizens” within the NSF. In contrast to the argument for inclusion upon the initial establishment of the NSF, defenders of social sciences now argued that the social and natural sciences use different methods and that the social sciences need to be evaluated by different criteria in order to fully develop. Ultimately Congress decided not to establish a National Social Science Foundation, but the social sciences did receive increased attention within the NSF for a period of time. As I have discussed elsewhere, among the social sciences psychology has had a particularly strong investment in defining itself as a science that is similar in important respects to the natural sciences. Perhaps this is in part a function of its past successes in attracting government funding on this basis. Because of this, psychology tends to be somewhat vulnerable to what one might call “epistemic insecurity” when articles such as “Many Psychology Findings Not as Strong as Claimed, Study Says,” appear in the New York Times. I suspect that the media will lose interest in this topic pretty quickly, and that the recent publication of a special issue of American Psychologist devoted to the topic will turn out to have been the peak of interest in this topic within the field of psychology. Be that as it may, I will devote some time in this essay discussing factors contributing to the “replication problem” in my own field of research (i.e. psychotherapy research), as well as the way in which this theme is intertwined with the politics of funding within the healthcare system. I will then discuss factors contributing to replication failures in the field of psychology in general, with a particular emphasis on important discrepancies between the way in which research is represented in the published literature, and the realities of research as practiced on the ground. And finally I will argue that rather than simply striving to bring the everyday practice of psychology research closer in line with the idealized portrayal of psychology research that is common, there is potentially much to be learned from studying the way in which impactful research in psychology is actually practiced. In the psychotherapy research field, the replication problem has been widely discussed for years, with some investigators ignoring it, others dismissing its significance, and others making serious efforts to grapple with its implications. One of the key ways in which the failure to replicate plays out in the psychotherapy research field is in the form of a phenomenon which is commonly referred to as the “therapeutic equivalence paradox” or the “dodo bird verdict,” alluding to an incident from Lewis Carol’s Alice in Wonderland in which the Dodo Bird decrees “Everybody has won and all must have prizes.” In psychotherapy research, the “dodo bird verdict” refers to the finding that despite ongoing claims of proponents of different therapy schools regarding the superiority of their respective approaches, systematic and rigorous syntheses of large numbers of clinical trials conducted by different investigators over time fail to find that any one therapeutic approach is consistently more effective than others. Those who ignore this phenomenon or dismiss its relevance tend to be proponents of the so-called evidence-based treatment approach. If one has a stake in claiming that a particular form of psychotherapy is more effective than others, the data consistent with the dodo bird verdict become a nuisance to be ignored, or worse, a threat to one’s funding. On the other hand, the dodo bird verdict is taken more seriously by those who 1) have an investment in arguing for the value of a therapeutic approach is that is supposedly not “evidence based,” (e.g., psychodynamic therapies), 2) take the position that all therapies work through common factors, or 3) believe that that the effects of therapy are a function of the interaction between each unique therapist-patient dyad. The situation is complicated further by the fact that many of those who recognize the validity of the dodo bird verdict (e.g., colleagues of mine who are psychodynamic researchers) will conduct clinical trials evaluating the effectiveness of psychodynamic treatment, in an effort to have it recognized as effective by the field as a whole, where “evidence-based” is more or less a synonym for “funded.” To further complicate the picture, a number of prominent psychotherapy researchers in the 1970s, who were funded at the time by the National Institute of Mental Health, recognized the existence of the “therapeutic equivalence paradox,” and believed that clinical trials in psychotherapy research would be of limited value in advancing the field, arguing instead for the value of investigating how change takes place. Nevertheless, with the rise of biological psychiatry in the late 1970s, and the looming threat of the government and heathcare insurers deciding that psychotherapy was of no value, they decided that it was worth putting what little influence they had left into launching the most expensive program of research that had ever taken place, evaluating the relative effectiveness of two forms of short-term psychotherapy versus antidepressant medication for the treatment of depression. Not only did this study ultimately demonstrate that these therapies were as effective as medication, it established the clinical trials method derived from pharmaceutical research as the standard for all psychotherapy research that would be fundable moving forward. Thus the stage was set for mainstream psychotherapy research valuing randomized clinical trials as the “gold standard” in methodology, despite the fact that prominent psychotherapy researchers had been making the case for some time that they were of limited value for purposes of genuinely advancing knowledge in the field. In the mid 1970s, Lester Luborsky, a prominent psychodynamic researcher at the time, reanalyzed the aggregated results of a number of randomized clinical trials comparing the effectiveness of different forms of psychotherapy. This time, he used a statistical procedure to estimate how much impact the theoretical allegiance of the investigator has on the outcome of the study. He found that the investigator’s theoretical allegiance has a massive impact on treatment outcome – an impact that dwarfs the degree of impact attributable to the brand of therapy. Since that time, Luborsky’s findings have been replicated sufficiently often that they are beyond dispute. What accounts for the researcher allegiance effect? Although potential misrepresentation of findings may take place in some instances, there are a large number of other variables that are likely to be more common. One factor is that psychotherapy researchers tend to select treatment outcome measures that reflect their understanding of what change should look like, and this understanding is shaped by different worldviews. Another is that most investigators understandably have an investment in demonstrating that their preferred approach (in some cases an approach that they have played a role in developing) is effective. This investment is likely to influence the outcome of the study in a variety of ways. For one thing, there is a phenomenon that can be called the ‘home team advantage.’ If an investigator believes in the value of the approach they are testing, this belief is likely to have an impact on the enthusiasm and confidence of the therapists who are implementing this approach in the study. In many cases the effectiveness of the ‘home team’ treatment is evaluated relative to the effectiveness of a treatment intentionally designed to be less effective. One consequence of the ‘home team advantage’ is that a replication study carried out by a different team with different theoretical commitments is likely to fail to replicate the findings of the first team, and may in fact come up with findings that are completely contradictory. Psychology Research in General Moving beyond the specifics of psychotherapy research to the field of psychology in general, there are a number of factors potentially contributing to the replication problem (no doubt some of the factors are relevant to other fields as well, but that is not the focus of this brief essay). The first can be referred to as the “originality bias.” In practice, if not in theory, controlled replications are considered to be one of the lowest priorities in the field. Thus straightforward replications are less likely to be accepted for publication in important journals, where this is a tendency for reviewers dismiss them as “mere replications.” Psychology researchers learn this early on in graduate school and are thus less likely to conduct replication studies. When they do conduct replications they are apt to modify the design, so that the study has the potential of adding a “new wrinkle potential” on the topic. Studies of this type are thus unlikely to be exact replications. Another factor is that studies that do not yield statistically significant findings are less likely to be accepted for publication by reviewers, and are thus less likely to be submitted for publication. When reviews of the literature are conducted that include unpublished Ph.D. dissertations, conclusions drawn on the basis of the published research alone tend to disappear. Michael Mahoney conducted a provocative study in which he sent out 75 manuscripts to reviewers from well-known psychology journals. All versions of the manuscript were anonymously authored and contained identical introductions, methodology sections and bibliography. The manuscripts were, however, varied in terms of whether the results were significant, mixed or non significant. His findings were striking. Manuscripts with significant results were consistently accepted. Manuscripts with nonsignificant or mixed findings were consistently rejected. A third factor is that there are important contrasts between codified formal prescriptions regarding the way research should be practiced in psychology and the reality of research as it is conducted in the real world. In graduate school, psychology students are taught that the scientific method consists of spelling out hypotheses and then conducting research to test them. In the real world researchers often modify their hypotheses in a fashion that is informed by the findings that are emerging. One of the articles in the recent issue of American Psychologist devoted to the “replication crisis” suggested that one way of remedying this problem would be for funding agencies to require that all principle investigators register their hypotheses with the funding agency before they begin collecting data. In a recent conversation on this topic, a colleague of mine who dismisses the significance of the “replication crisis” remarked that the requirement to register hypotheses in advance would be problematic, since “we all know that some of the more creative aspects of research involve modifying and refining hypotheses in light of the data that emerges (or something to that effect).” I am in complete agreement with him. My concern is that this type of post hoc attempt to find meaning in the data when one one’s initial hypotheses are not supported is an implicit aspect of psychology research in the real world, rather than the formal position that is advocated. This is not as scandalous as it might seem. Abduction, the reasoning process through which theories are formulated to fit observed patterns, plays an important role in the natural sciences as well. If the field of psychology were to formally place more emphasis on the value of abduction, requiring investigators to register their hypotheses in advance might be less problematic. Post hoc efforts to make sense of unexpected findings could potentially be considered as legitimate and interesting as findings that support one’s a priori hypotheses. There would thus be less incentive for investigators to report their research in a way that appears to support their initial hypotheses. Another common practice in psychology research is referred to as “data mining” Data mining involves the process of analyzing the data in every conceivable way, until significant findings emerge. In some cases this can involve examining aspects of the data that one had not initially planned to examine. In other cases it involves exploring the use of a range of different statistical procedures until significant results emerge. Once again, textbooks in psychology research methodology teach that data mining or “going on a fishing expedition” is not de rigueur. There is, however, nothing inherently wrong with data mining. The reality of psychology research as it is practiced on the ground is that it does not take place in the linear fashion in which it is often portrayed in the published literature. Data are collected and analyzed, and researchers try make sense of the data as they analyze it. This process often helps them to refine their thinking about the phenomenon of interest. This practice becomes problematic when researchers selectively report on all that has taken place between the data collection process and the final publication. But of course there are good reasons for selective reporting: clean stories are more compelling and easier to publish. Another standard practice consists of conducting pilot research. Pilot research is the trial and error process through which the investigator develops important aspects of his or her methodological procedure. One important aspect of this pilot phase entails experimenting with different ways of (what is termed) implementing the experimental manipulation (i.e. the conditions that the subjects are exposed to) until one is able to consistently demonstrate the phenomenon of interest. This type of “stage management” is part of the art of psychology research. Is such “stage management” inherently problematic? Not necessarily. What is problematic is that publications don’t as a rule describe the pilot work that that led to the development of the effective experimental manipulation. Vividness and the compelling demonstration of phenonema An important aspect of the skill of psychological research consists of devising creative procedures for demonstrating phenomena. While psychology research is not performance art, a key element in whether or not a particular piece of research has an impact on the field is the vividness or memorability of the study. Two of the more influential and widely known modern psychology experiments in the history of psychology exemplify this principle: Stanley Milgram’s classic research on obedience to authority, and Harry Harlow’s demonstration of fundamental nature of the need for “contact comfort” in baby rhesus monkeys. Milgram conducted his research in the context of the Eichmann trials and Hannah Arendt’s publication of Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil. He set about designing an experiment to demonstrate that given the right context, the average American could be manipulated to act in a cruel and inhumane way out of deference to an authority figure. Milgram worked with his research team to stage an elaborate deception in which subjects were recruited to participate in what they were told was a study on learning. Upon arriving at the lab, subjects were assigned the role of “teacher” (supposedly on a random basis) and paired with another subject who they were led to believe was randomly assigned to the role of the “student.” In reality, the so-called students were research confederates working with Milgram to stage the deception. The real subjects, who were always assigned to the role of the teacher, were instructed by an “experimenter” to administer electric shocks when the student gave incorrect answers, as a way of investigating whether punishment can facilitate the learning process. The “experimenter” wore a white lab coat, designed give him the air of authority, and stood beside the subjects, instructing them when to administer the shocks and what voltage to use. The set-up was rigged so that students made ongoing mistakes. With each repeated mistake the “experimenter” instructed the “teacher” to increase the intensity of the shock, until they were administering potentially harmful levels of shock that left “students” screaming in pain. The published results of the research reported that over 60% of subjects actually cooperated with the “experimenter” to the point at which they were administering painful and potentially harmful levels of shock. Archival research reveals that Milgram spent a tremendous amount of time piloting variations in the experimental procedure, until he was able to find one that produced the desired effect. It turns out that Milgram also conducted studies employing a range of variations on the experimental studies, and in some conditions, the proportion of subjects complying with the experimenter was considerably lower than it was in his publications. In interviews, Milgram’s subjects revealed that they construed the experimental situation in a variety of different ways. Some believed that they really had inflicted painful shocks and were genuinely traumatized. Others were skeptical and simply “played along.” None of these details were revealed in Milgrams’s published papers (or the book he finally authored). Considerable controversy erupted following the publication of Milgram’s dramatic results, with much of it focusing on whether or not it was ethical to deceive subjects in this fashion. In the aftermath of this controversy, new ethics policies would make precise replications of Milgram’s research paradigm impossible in the future. At the time there was also considerable controversy regarding the interpretation, meaning, and generalizability of his results. Despite this controversy, Milgram’s experiment had a lasting effect on public perception and remains one of the most well-known experiments in the history of psychology. Milgram’s notes reveal that he took great care in developing a compelling documentary of his research, carefully choosing footage of subjects and “experimenters” that he believed would be most impactful, and employing directorial and editing strategies to maximize the documentary’s dramatic impact. And to great effect: the image of the Milgram’s “shock apparatus” and the compliant “teacher” inflicting painful levels of shock on a screaming “student” has become a fixed element in popular culture. The compelling impact of vivid demonstrations can also be seen in Harry Harlow’s influential research of the 1950s investigating the nature of the factors underlying the infant-caregiver bond. At the time the dominant theory in American psychology was the behavioral notion that the baby’s affection for his or her mother is learned because she provides food to satisfy the child’s hunger. Harlow was interested essentially in demonstrating that the origins of love cannot be reduced to learning via association. In order to demonstrate this, he separated baby rhesus monkeys from their mothers and then put them in room with two “surrogate mothers” constructed out of wire and wood. The first wire mother held a bottle of milk that the baby monkey could drink from. The other wire monkey held no milk but was covered with terry cloth. Harlow found that the baby monkeys consistently preferred to spend time with the terry cloth monkey with no milk, only quickly feeding from the bare wire mother before seeking comfort and cuddling for hours with the cloth mother. He argued on this basis that the need for closeness and affection (what he technically referred to as ‘contact comfort’) cannot be explained simply on the basis of learning to associate the caregiver with nourishment. Although Harlow’s research can hardly be considered definitive on logical grounds, it had a massive impact in the field and is still one of the morewell-known studies in psychology. Like Milgram’s shock machine, Harlow’s baby monkey clinging to the terry cloth mother is etched into public consciousness. Psychology and Science Prior to the 1960s, attempts to understand how science works were primarily considered to be within the domain of the philosophy of science. Since Thomas Kuhn’s classic publication of The structure of scientific revolutions, it has become increasingly apparent that in the natural sciences there is a substantial discrepancy between any type of purely philosophical reconstruction of how science takes place and the reality of scientific practice in the real world.Thus there is a general recognition that the practice of science can and should be studied in same way that science itself studies other areas.This naturalistic approach to understanding the nature of science has been contributed to in significant ways by historians, anthropologists , sociologists, and philosophers . Psychologists have been conspicuously absent in this field of study, with one important exception. Michael Mahoney (whose work I mentioned earlier in this essay) published a book on the topic in 1976 titled Scientist as subject: The psychological imperative. There is an emerging consensus in both contemporary philosophy and in the field of science studies, that the practice of science is best understood as an ongoing conversation between members of a scientific community who attempt to persuade one another of the validity of their positions. Evidence plays an important role in this conversation, but this evidence is always subject to interpretation. The data do not “speak” for themselves, but are viewed from the perspective of a particular lens to begin with and are woven into narratives that stake out positions. Research methodology in mainstream psychology is shaped, broadly speaking, by a combination of neo-positivist and falsificationist philosophies that were developed prior to the naturalistic turn in science studies. In this essay I have been making the case that some of the more important aspects of research activity in psychology take place behind the scenes, and consequently are not part of the published record. Researchers in psychology mine their data to search for interesting patterns, they experiment with trial and error procedures in order to produce compelling demonstrations of phenomena, and they selectively ignore inconvenient findings in order to make their cases. The idea that formulating hypotheses and collecting data take place in a linear and sequential fashion is an idealized portrayal of what happens in psychology research, quite distinct from what happens on the ground. In practice, data analysis and theory formulation are more intertwined in nature. I hope it is clear that I am not arguing that the recent evidence regarding the “replication problem” in psychology is a serious blow to the field, nor am I arguing against the “scientific method” in psychology. I am arguing, rather, that it is important for psychologists to adapt a reflexive stance on the field that encourages them to study the way in which research really takes place, as well as those factors, oftentimes operating underground, that contribute to important developments in the field. Whether or not psychology is classified as a “science” has more to do with the politics of credibility claims than with the question of what is most likely to advance knowledge in the field. Unfortunately, some prevailing disciplinary standards actually obstruct the momentum of the field: if we produce literature that reinforces an outmoded idealized notion of what science is, we prevent its becoming what it can be. Educating psychology graduate students in post-Kuhnian developments in the philosophy of science as well as contemporary naturalistic science studies (both ethnographic and historical) is every bit as important as teaching them conventional research methodology, and I believe that future psychologists will need backgrounds in both if they are going to have a progressive impact on the development of mainstream psychology. Mahoney, M.J. (1976). Scientist as subject: The psychological imperative. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger. Much of this discussion about the history of the social sciences in relationship to the National Science Foundation is based on The Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line, 1st Edition by Thomas F. Gieryn 1999 Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Perry, G. (2012). Behind the Shock Machine: The Untold Story of the Notorious Milgram Psychology Experiments. New York: Scribe Publications. Latour, B. (1987). Science in action: How to follow scientists and engineers through society. Paris, France: La Découverte. Bernstein, R.J. (1983). Beyond objectivism and relativism: science, hermeneutics, and praxis. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Callebaut, W. (1993). Taking the naturalistic turn on how science is done. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Shapin, S. (2008). The scientific life: A late moral history of a late modern vocation. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. Godfrey-Smith, P. (2003). Theory and reality: An introduction to the philosophy of science. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. Laudan, L. (1996). Beyond positivism and relativism: Theory, method, and evidence. Boulder, CO: Westview.
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Term Definition 2 rays of the same line with a common endpoint and no other points in common opposite rays angles that have the same measure congruent angles a triangle that has 2 congruent sides isosceles triangle a set of points consisting of 2 points on a line and all points on the line between these 2 points line segment right triangle a triangle that has a measure of 90 degrees any line or subset of a line that intersects a line segment at its midpoint bisector the set of points all of which lie on a line colinear set of points the absolute vaule of the difference of the coordinates of two points distance a polygon hat has exactly 3 sides triangle length of line segment the distance between the end points the point that divides a segment into 2 congruent segments midpoint a portion of a circle arc a point is that is the same distance from each figure equidistant the set of all points in a plane that are equidistant from a given point circle a segment whose endpoints are the center and any point on a circle radius a triangle where all sides are congruent equilateral triangle a triangle with 3 unequal sides scalene triangle a point where 2 or more straight lines or rays or segments meet vertex an angle that has a measure of 180 degrees straight angle an angle that has a measure greater than 0 and less than 90 degrees acute angle an angle that has a measure greater than 90 and less than 180 degrees obtuse angle 2 lines that intersect to form right angles perpendicular lines the angle formed by the legs of an isosceles triangle vertex angle a segment from a vertex of a triangle to the midpoint of the opposite side median of a triangle the perpendicular segment from a vertex of a triangle to the opposite side or to the line that contains the opposite side. altitude of a triangle a ray that divides an angle into 2 angles that are congruent angle bisector Leave a Reply
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Compressed Air for a Sustainable Future The importance of sustainable compressed air systems in greener production Fighting climate change The Earth’s atmosphere is warming, faster than ever. Global temperatures have been rising for well over a century, accelerating in recent years, and are now the highest on record. The reason? Carbon (CO2) emissions are causing the greenhouse effect, trapping heat, and making our world warmer, faster than could ever happen naturally. Reducing carbon pollution is essential if we are to keep our planet’s temperature in check. Pressure from employees, investors, and consumers, combined with ever-stricter government emissions standards has made going green the logical choice. As a result, businesses are working towards improved green credentials and increasingly ambitious sustainability targets. In this section we explore how the right compressed air system can play a key role in contributing towards these goals. Global atmospheric CO2 concentrations from 1760 to 2021 Chart of atmospheric CO2 concentrations
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The revolutionary changes and rapid progress in cybersecurity and information protection have prompted the simultaneous strengthening of the nefarious “dark forces”. Until recently, the number of black hat hackers was truly alarming; they were like barbarian tribes hurling themselves against walls of the Roman Empire. Not a good thing and we all remember what happened next, right? Moreover, their technologies and approaches have always been savvier in comparison with the cybersecurity measures of protecting information. They were able to find vulnerabilities anytime and anyplace. According to this Forbes interview with John Kuhn, the appearance of white hat hackers has turned out to be somewhat of a revolution in the sphere of cybersecurity, but the issues of the industry, like the cybercrimes, still remain. One of the predicted scenarios of the American government regarding the future of the Internet is still pretty pessimistic; it states that the web might morph into an entirely dangerous place in which conducting any form of activity will be risky. In order to prevent this dystopian scenario from becoming the real timeline, the industry needs to be reformed now. What’s the Cure? Blockchain technology presents a unique opportunity to protect information by dividing it into small pieces (blocks) and encrypting each one individually. To clarify, let’s imagine that there’s a group of friends who have a puzzle, and each member of the group takes one piece of it. For recreating the full picture, they have to fit each piece into the appropriate one, following a particular logic and the order. Each friend has access to a specific part of the complete picture but cannot have any effect on the other pieces. Meanwhile, if they trust one another, they can exchange their pieces. After the party, all the friends go home, and they tuck their pieces of the puzzle into their pockets and purses, so as not to lose them. In much the same way, drawing on the Deloitte EMEA Grid Blockchain Lab, blockchain technology protects and divides the information. Like pieces of a puzzle forming the full picture bit by bit, the blocks allow for forming the database of any process protected from external penetration. The modern American Heathcare Industry has already implemented such “puzzles” for recording medical information about the patient. Each doctor contributes its “piece” to the full picture without any opportunity to change the other ones. It’s an example of a smart (and controlled) contract that is desperately needed by the cybersecurity industry. The blocks aren’t connected to the same server as (all the friends are responsible for their pieces of the puzzle and show them only to each other). It means the total absence of any chance for a black hat hacker to ever have the full picture and steal all the information. This technology makes it possible for users to correct only the specific parts of the information in accordance with the level of access and permission. In fact, in a lot of modern industrial giants, the owners are currently “doing their puzzle”. In Nestle and Walmart, for instance, utilization of the blocks for the organization of the information have allowed for making the supply chain smarter. It means saving money and time for companies, and in turn, means happier magnates who love their customers and want them to be satisfied. The positive examples of the other industries should work for cybersecurity like the “success stories” of famous people who inspire us and make us leap off the couch and change our lives. Cryptocurrency is real! In the cybersecurity industry, one of the biggest issues is a scarcity of services and their expensiveness. It’s caused by a lack of supply, as only four global companies operate in this field. In turn, this problem is resolved by the Hacken Ecosystem where the HKN token is used as the currency for purchasing the service of the white hat hackers. The global bug bounty marketplace will enable companies to exchange the custom-tailored cryptocurrency, HKN, to get any type of cybersecurity services in accordance with their needs and budgets. Simultaneously, white hat hackers will be able to utilize their skills in ways that haven't been explored before. The HKN can be initially bought for $1, but its value will gradually grow, providing the owner with all the benefits. You can read more about how the price of HKN will increase here. Initially, the creation of HKN within the system was inspired by the application of blockchain, and as a result, the common cryptocurrency in the Ecosystem has allowed both parties to cooperate in the best possible way. The hackers who are rewarded with tokens save their anonymity, as well as being able to choose the project that is of the greatest interest for them. From the other side, the customers can use the service that falls within their budget. Creation of HKN has been mainly promoted by the distributed nature of blockchain technology. The positive liquidity of the currency makes it convenient and beneficial for all members of the Ecosystem. In this regard, using blockchain technology has made the supply in the industry grow by creating the appropriate conditions for all parties. Fixing the penetration directly Up next for the sphere of cybersecurity, it’s become possible to optimize the process of learning the issue caused by the penetration or vulnerability. For Nestle, blockchain technology has provided a chance to find and remove the origins of foodborne outbreaks immediately due to precisely defining its location. It will work in the sphere of cybersecurity in much the same way and will promote cooperation of the highest effectiveness. If something went wrong, it takes place in a specific block, and all the other ones will not be damaged in any way. Thus, it will be easier for the company to control the completion of a particular task. Also, it will simplify the formulation of tasks for hackers, and it will be convenient for the hacker to define what should be changed in the cybersecurity approach of the company. In this regard, there will be a necessity to remove only one vulnerability instead of fixing the entire system. Finally, cybersecurity will benefit greatly because of blockchain technology implementation due to the safety record provided by it. Again, the Ecosystem demonstrates its effectiveness while providing ample opportunities for cooperation between customers and employees. The blockchain considerably increases the effectiveness and convenience of the bug bounty platforms. The information received after vulnerability testing and penetration testing is collected in the individual blockchain block. The white hat hackers and their customers have their pieces of the puzzle that are not connected to the same server. The information about the client’s system is recorded in one block, while its vulnerabilities can be found in a different one. They are synchronized but not connected, and it shows the new standards of recording that are based on safety and trust without any risk of leaking. If the information about the system vulnerabilities leaks, it will lead to great danger of penetration for the customer. Blockchain technology can be defined as a panacea for the cybersecurity industry, which experience a kind of stagnation in development. Due to the application of the blockchain, the supply of white hat hackers’ services became higher quality and safer for the customers, while communication and recording of the information was greatly optimized. Eventually, it enables cyber-researchers not only to use their skills to earn money freely but also find new fields of expertise within the cybersecurity industry.
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This article is only available in the PDF format. Download the PDF to view the article, as well as its associated figures and tables. So many changes have taken place in the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy since Berger introduced the electroencephalogram in 1929 and since phenobarbital (1912) was followed by diphenylhydantoin sodium (Dilantin) in 1938 and by a host of other drugs since then, that a new literature has grown up to replace the old. Much has been written on epilepsy in the adult, but few books have appeared on convulsive disorders in children. The volume under review is, therefore, a timely addition, doubly valuable because of its excellent quality, comprehensiveness, and orderly arrangement. The author, well known for his informative exhibits at a recent meeting of the American Medical Association and head of a widely recognized clinic, based his monograph on a study of 4,158 children with seizures, over half of them classified as having cryptogenic epilepsy. Full consideration is given to diagnosis, primary and secondary epilepsy, disorders simulating epilepsy, precipitating factors, The Diagnosis and Treatment of Convulsive Disorders in Children. JAMA. 1955;157(2):199. doi:10.1001/jama.1955.02950190099039 Customize your JAMA Network experience by selecting one or more topics from the list below.
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German: Europäische Zwergmaus |Looking:||Small mouse with redish-brownish coloured back, hairy tail, big and long skull.| |Length of mouse:||5.5 to 8 cm| |Length of tail:||5 - 7.9 cm, as long as the body, sometimes a little bit longer| |Weight:||5 - 10 g, pregnant females about 13 g.| |Appearance of teeth:||Between the 7th and 10th day| |"Baby-fur" complete:||On the 10th day| |First leaving of the nest:||With 11 to 12 days| |First solid food:||With about 12 days| |First drinking:||About the 14th day| |Independence:||With 15 days (by normal litter size!)| |Fertility:||5 to 8 weeks| |Litters a year:||7| |Litter size:||2 - 8| |Gestation period::||21 days| |Lactation time:||18 days| |Age:||About 4 years| |Living in the wild:||activity-time: night and day; climbs very well, lives in high fields| |Distribution:||From North-Spain and The South of England to Middle and East Europe up to Japan. Does not exists in the North of Skandinavia| |Additional:||To keep them as pets you need a special permission in some countrys.| The harvest mouse is the smallest member of the Family Muroidae (mouse-like rodents) in Europe. This animals look in the fur a little bit like the yellow-necked mouse (Apodemus flavicollis). They have big eyes, round ears and a strong tail, which they use when they are climbing. They build their nests in 30-80 cm heighs. These nests have one to two entries, they are very stable and wind or rain can not destroy them. The nest is a typical sommer nest for growing-up litters. In the winter the harvest mouse lives in the underground or in old buildings. They eat grass-seeds, grain, plant parts, small insects and their lavas. They prefer oats and wheat. In danger the animals stop to move. Their enemys are bigger rodents, hedgehogs, shrews and beasts of prey. After the birth the animals have a weight one gramm and a lenght of 2 cm. Young mice love to play around. When the young mice are independend, the family leaves the nest. They love to sit in the sun. Keeping as pets: The best cage will be one, which is not too low! A good size is 0.5 x 0.5 x 1m (l x b x h -- Schwammberger). You should give them possibilities for climbing! The need hay for building their nests. They do not smell a lot, so they are fine pets. They can become very tame in short time. Very important is that they have enough water. Give them the following food: grain and food for small birds, even protein is important: give them insects (meal worms) or dry food for cats. Some mice like vegetables, too.
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By Favour Nnabugwu Nigeria remains the only E-9 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) facing serious challenges of turning around the illiteracy rate among its youths and adults by the 2015 timeline set to achieve education for all (EFA) and the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The importance and linkage of education to the development of any society is well known. It is in recognition of this importance that the international community and governments all over the world have made commitments for citizens to have access to education. Meanwhile, it has been documented that across the globe, there are inequalities in educational access and achievement as well as high levels of absolute educational deprivation of both children and adults. Minister of Education, Prof Ruqayyatu Rufa’i said an ambitious developmental plan has been launched to take the nation into the league of prosperous one, in terms of development. She said at an education summit held last year that it was unanimously observed that the teacher education in terms of quality and quantum and their motivation was central to having a vibrant and productive sector “that can take Nigeria to the promise land.” The minister was speaking in Abuja while declaring open the 2011 Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) nationwide capacity building workshops for teachers. Also in his remarks, the minister of state for education, Chief Ezenwo Nyesom Wike, said the annual retraining programme for Nigerian teachers was an event that seeks to improve through professional practices through shared knowledge and experiences. The approach adopted for the workshop is one of peer-interaction, group activity and mass participation he said. He said the ministry recently approved the conduct of research by the institute on the skill gaps of teachers in public schools especially and a census of all private schools which would serve as a guide to design trainings to close the gaps. The retraining of 125, 000 teachers of primary and junior secondary schools across the federation will cost N3.7 billion, it was gathered . The 2011 training workshops will concentrate on the teaching of core subjects such as English, Mathematics, Social Studies and Basic Science and Technology. It will also focus on thematic areas such as teaching large classes, coping with children with special needs, teaching in Small Rural Multigrade schools and continuous assessments of the children. Dr. Aminu Sharehu, Director General of the National Institute in Abuja said that the training of teachers is focused on the methodology which will facilitate the effective teaching of the four major subjects and as well improve their skills on how to teach the students in the classrooms. He stated that this year’s training was unique because of the components of the junior secondary school teachers. He said, “Previously, we have been training only primary school teachers. It has to be a continuous exercise at least three times in a year. This year, the junior secondary school teachers were co-opted.” On the aspect of students poor performance in their academics, Sharehu said the welfare of teachers, continuous upgrading of teachers qualification from one academic qualification to the other amongst other basic components have to be met in other to produce quality teachers required for the country. The first phase of the programme which holds from 5 to 7 of September in the North- West, North Central and South-South geopolitical zones while the second phase would hold between September 12 and 17 in the North-East, South-East and South West geo-political zones.
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About the research The Iowa Department of Transportation (DOT) maintains a railroad underpass on Iowa 63 (E. Mullen Ave) in Waterloo between Dane and Newell Streets. This underpass is depressed below the natural ground surface, and below the existing groundwater table, which results in the potential for seepage from the groundwater into the underpass. To control this seepage the Iowa DOT installed and maintains a groundwater dewatering system that depresses the groundwater table at the underpass to below the underpass elevation. In the future, the Iowa DOT plans to replace the railroad underpass with an overpass, and fill in the existing underpass. It is unknown at present what impact this will have on the groundwater table at and in the vicinity of the existing underpass. The objective of this study is to provide technical assistance to the Iowa DOT Office of Location and Environment with regard to evaluating the possible impacts on the groundwater system in the vicinity due to the removal of the existing railroad underpass. Phase I has been completed and the results indicated that the current field data is not sufficient to adequately define the zone of influence of the current dewatering system. Additional field data collection and modeling is needed to adequately define the impact of the current dewatering system on the groundwater table in the vicinity of the underpass. This information is critical to determining what, if any, dewatering system will needed, and to document any changes in the groundwater zone of influence with the change from an underpass to an overpass at US 63. The objective of Phase II is to collect the field data necessary to adequately define the zone of influence of the current dewatering system at the US 63 underpass. Phase II will focus on the collection and modeling of field data to adequately define the groundwater surface in the vicinity of the site. In particular this will include: New groundwater monitoring wells: Additional groundwater monitoring wells are needed to better define the zone of influence of the dewatering system. The principal investigator (P l) will provide suggested locations for the new wells. The Iowa DOT will make the final selection and have the wells installed.
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Phim sexx cơ thể siêu ngon của cháu gái làm ông chú cương cứng phim sex mới của azumi mizushima – Lão bố dượng rất thỏa mãn ham muốn sung sướng và phim sex hong kông, mẹ nó, đúng là thứ hồ ly tinh chết người mà, nhìn cái thân hình đẫy đà phim sex học sinh hiếp dâm cô giáo ngay tại lớp . Nữ cảnh sát coi tù dâm đãng gạ địt tù nhân, trong tù muốn được địt nhau xek phim sex, chẳng hiểu thế nào mà mình vớ ngay được một cô bạn gái tóc vàng dâm đãng phim sex hiếp dam . Phim sexx cơ thể siêu ngon của cháu gái làm ông chú cương cứng phim sex mới của azumi mizushima Em gái dâm sau khi lấy chồng thì cũng muốn chấm dứt mối tình dâm dục cùng ảnh sex phim sex, ghen với người con riêng chính vì thế mà mình nghĩ là mình sẽ dành thời gian phim sex doremom. vì trên này có họ hàng nên cô bé quyết định ở nhà cô chú để tiết kiệm phim sex địt nhau trên máy bay. Mẹ vợ nóng bỏng dậy con rể chơi gold đã kích thích ham muốn thèm khát tình phim sex châu âu viêt sub, anh trai cặc bự đụ nhỏ em kế nứng lồn, ở chung cùng với ông anh trai mà anh phim sex hon kong. Anh ta web phim sex 18, hôm ấy thằng hàng xóm của mình nó đi vắng và mình cũng có dịp được đưa phim sex massage vú . “Con xin bố, con không chịu nổi nữa rồi, con cần một đứa con để có phim sex gã thợ điện đồi bại sex xnxx, Và rất nhiều lợi ích phim sex giúp việc. Em gái văn phòng lén lút ngoại tình sau giờ làm wap tai phim sex moi, và chị họ của vợ cũng đã thật ngất ngây với kĩ năng làm tình của anh ta phim sex thuc te nuoc ngoai. Chỉ với những cái chạm nhẹ của cháu trai đã làm cho mình nứng lồn phim sex của moe amatsuka.
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A real-life National Treasure story is happening right now, minus the Nick Cage. According to a Polish tale, it was rumored that a giant train containing gold, artworks and weapons controlled by the Nazi army vanished into a mountains at the end of World War II, as the Germans fled Soviet advance. Now, fast forward 70 years--- two men, a Pole and a German who have chosen to remain anonymous, are claiming they found the train. Currently they are working with officials in hopes to receive 10 percent of the value of the treasure in exchange for it’s location. The story goes that a German train left from the German city of Breslau (today the Polish city of Wroclaw) in April 1945 and somewhere on its 60-kilometer (40-mile) journey to Poland, it vanished. How do you lose a whole train?! Well....Adolf Hitler had started creating a secret underground tunnel, a project called "Riese," or "Giant.” The project, involved several complex tunnels in the region was probably intended to be a military headquarters, though it still is a mystery what it’s real intent was. What do you think? Bogus scam or fascinating development in a treasure hunt story? Many locals have come forward throughout the years and claimed the found the treasure, but this is the first time things are being taking like it’s a big deal... "We believe that a train has been found. We are taking this information seriously," Marika Tokarska, an official in the southwestern Polish district of Walbrzych, told The Associated Press on Thursday. "It could either be nonsense or they got the information directly from the Germans," local rescuer Krzysztof Szpalkowski told the private broadcaster TVN24. "Maybe one of these men is a descendant of people who took part in this action.” If you ask me: I like to hope that this story is true, and we will get to understand a part of history that has been missing for years. And we didn’t even have to steal anything...
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Senior Member Link full: [URL] cờ trong chuyến du lịch Việt Nam, Hanna (người Mỹ) đọc được thông tin có một bộ phim của Canada đang tổ chức tuyển diễn viên người nước ngoài ở Cát Bà, Hải Phòng. Cô gái trẻ đã đăng ký thử vai... Gặp nhau nhờ một bộ phimSân bay Istanbul (Thổ Nhĩ Kỳ) những ngày tháng 10 năm 2021 thưa vắng do ảnh hưởng của đại dịch Covid-19. Các quy định ngặt nghèo nhằm kiểm soát dịch bệnh đẩy nhiều vị khách vào một trải nghiệm bất dĩ. Họ sống vạ vật ở phi trường từ 1 tuần đến cả tháng trời, chờ đợi các chuyến bay đến và đi. Anh Lương Thanh Đức (36 tuổi, quê Nghệ An) cũng từng trải qua những ngày mắc kẹt ở sân bay trên hành trình hội ngộ với bạn gái người Mỹ Hanna Larsen (29 tuổi) ở xứ sở thiên đường Ecuador. Những ngày tháng đó, anh trải qua không ít khó khăn, lòng như lửa đốt khi nghĩ về người bạn gái đang sắp đến kỳ sinh nở. Qua trò chuyện, PV được biết, cách đây 4 năm, cảm thấy quá ngột ngạt với cuộc sống ở Mỹ, cô gái Hanna lựa chọn Thái Lan, Việt Nam là điểm đến trải nghiệm với ý định tìm hiểu xem nơi đây có thể là quê hương thứ hai của mình hay không. Cô gái Mỹ đam mê trải nghiệm và yêu thích đất nước, con người Việt Nam. (Ảnh: Hanna Larsen).
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Receptive and Expressive Language galore with lots of engaging activities. CREATE A SCENE Materials: Valentine Background Scene & Cut-Outs Lesson: Make up your own directions using the concepts provided below. Have students take turns placing Cut-Outs in a variety of places to create a scene. VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITY Materials: Vocabulary Development Clue Cards and Cut-Outs and/or Cariboo Vocabulary Cards Lesson Option 1 ... Spread a selection of the Cut-Outs on the table, read aloud a Vocabulary Development Clue card, and have students find and label the item described. Lesson Option 2 ... Read aloud a Vocabulary Development Clue card and have the students name the described item given no visual cue. Lesson Option 3 ... Read aloud a clue and have students find the image on your Cariboo game board. VALENTINE SCENE QUESTIONS Materials: Valentine Scene and Valentine Scene Questions Lesson: Place the Valentine’s Day scene in view of all students. Read aloud questions from the Valentine Scene Questions page, allowing students to take turns answering. SORT & SAY CATEGORIZATION Materials: Sort & Say Mat, and Category Cut-Outs Suggested Cut-Outs include: VALENTINE SYMBOLS- heart, card, flowers, cupid FOOD / DRINKS - coffee, soda, cupcake, chocolate ANIMALS - dog, cat, frog, monkey Lesson: Mix the Cut-Outs together in a container. Remove Cut-Outs from the container one at a time and have students take turns labeling the items then placing the images in the correct box on the Sort & Say mat. COMPARE & CONTRAST Materials: Compare & Contrast page Lesson: Place the Compare & Contrast page in view of the students. Ask students to label the pictured items and state one similarity and one difference between each pair of items. VALENTINE’S DAY, SING-ALONG Materials: The Valentine’s Day Sing-Along page, Sing-Along Questions page, Valentine Scene. Lesson: Place the Valentine Scene page in view of all students. Sing one verse of the Sing-Along and choose students to answer the questions about the verse. Continue until all song verses have been completed. CHOOSE IT! VOCABULARY & CONCEPTS, RESPONDING TO DIFFERENT COMMANDS Materials: Full color Choose It! Vocabulary & Concepts page 1 Lesson: These worksheets are designed to teach students to respond to a variety of location commands frequently given during lessons, including ‘point’, ‘touch’, ‘show’, ‘find’, ‘where is’, and ‘which’. Place the worksheet in view of the student(s) and have students take turns responding. CHOOSE IT! VOCABULARY & CONCEPTS, RESPONDING TO “WHICH” Materials: Blackline Choose It! Vocabulary & Concepts page 1 Lesson: These worksheets are designed to teach common early vocabulary concepts. Provide each student a copy of the worksheet(s). Read aloud the questions and have students choose the correct picture responses. Students may circle or color the correct image. LET’S COUNT TO TEN Materials: 1 full color, and / or individual blackline Let’s Count to Ten Sing-Along page Lesson: Sing the Ten Little..... song. Have students count the items. Have the students tell what each child is doing. If using the blackline pages, student may color images as they count. Materials: Choice of full color, or individual blackline, Valentine Lesson: Read aloud or have students read the sentences. Students should number the sentences in the order depicted by the images, then read the story using the provided sentences or tell the story in their own words using the SOCIAL LANGUAGE – MAKING CONNECTIONS Materials: Social Language – Making Connections page Lesson: Read aloud each social scenario and have students offer possible responses to the scenarios described. Materials: Who, What, Where, When, Why - Formulating Lesson: Read aloud the scenario and the question formulation cue from each card. Students should formulate questions using the two pieces of information provided in the question Prepare for your entire year with our LANGUAGE BUILDERS ACTIVITY SCENES BUNDLE. For additional details view this mega bundle with our quick link: LANGUAGE BUILDERS ACTIVITY SCENES MEGA BUNDLE
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Preschool Math Activities It is possible to nurture young minds by making them to go through mathematical activities at a very young age. By exposing the little minds to various activities like counting, number sequencing and patterns, it is possible to train up their minds. There are various kinds of activities and they should be chosen as per the age groups. If you go through online, you can access free as well as premium sites which offer preschool math activities. Preschool Math Activitie How to make the most from the activities? It is possible to make the most from preschool math activities by exposing the little minds in a systematic way. They should not be overburdened by dumping too many exercises and making them to go through lessons which are beyond their capacity. All the activities should create interest in them. They should have fun with and every activity. If you include everyday aspects in these activities, it is very easy to grasp the concept. The child will be immersed in these activities automatically when you give proper direction and encouragement. Some of the everyday examples are ‘counting of stairs’ at home or school. The ingredients that are used in the cooking process can be counted. You can ask the child to prepare groups of various kinds of items of play. Children can remember various kinds of shapes like circles, rectangles, squares and triangles and they will also be able to form a shape by joining various items together. It is true that the ways math are taught today are completely different from yesteryears. There are drastic changes and children have ample opportunities to explore the real world in the way it is present. Instead of teaching only one way to solve mathematical puzzles, children are encouraged to explore new ways in an open way. The role of teacher or trainer in delivering the right kind of education is very high. If the teacher is aware of the multiple ways through which a mathematical problem can be resolved, he will encourage students to come with various solutions. The teacher should be resourceful and willing to learn and implement new strategies so that the learning process will be more intuitive. If you ask a child about the way he got the answer to a particular mathematical issue, you will understand his or her way of thinking. Instead of teaching solutions, it is required to show the way to reach those solutions. When a proper platform is created to bring out the best present in children, it is possible to teach complex math in simple ways. When the child’s mind is molded in a proper way, the child will be able to learn the basics in an appropriate way. The child should have lots of mathematical materials such as beads and blocks. They should be encouraged to use their fingers and the body to begin the counting journey. The physical surroundings should be treated in such a way so that an interesting atmosphere is created to learn mathematics subconsciously.
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Knowing 3 Steps To Maintain Your Weight Loss After you have lost weight have a positive attitude about maintaining your weight loss, make it a fun, lasting lifestyle. Don’t deprive yourself of the things you love the most. Allow yourself at least one small treat per week. Don’t follow the same meal plan every day or the same exercise routine. Try some new healthy meals on occasion and some fun, new workouts. This will keep you from becoming bored, and you will stay more motivated. If you have bad days, it’s okay, everyone has them. Here are the three steps: Step 1: Eat a Low Protein Plant Based Diet We have found that with the New Me Diet that we need a few tools for getting fit and staying at a healthy weight. It’s not just about eating less but also eating better, it has to be a forever lifestyle change. Eat lots of fruits and vegetables, a few whole grains and moderate amounts of lean protein. Stay away from sugar and processed foods. Gaining weight is not only the fault of the person but the food companies that have put so much sugar, preservatives, and salt in our packaged food. It is hard to shop with your health in mind . Losing weight is hard enough without the food companies working against us for their own monetary gains. Picking up a box of wheat crackers seems to be a healthy choice, check the amount of unnecessary sugar that only makes us want more. Only a few brands of peanut butter do not contain sugar. Why? Does there really need to be sugar in cream of mushroom soup? Why does certain brands of mustard have sugar? High fructose corn syrup finally makes headlines, only now when they are removing it. Just a higher concentrated level of sugar. Weight loss is hard enough without food companies making us addicted to sugar which only makes us want more, more sugar. Here are a couple of articles: Achieve Lasting Weight Loss With Lower Protein Plant Based Foods What’s In Your Food – The China Study Step 2: Exercise is a Must Daily exercise is necessary to burn off excess weight and inches. Get an exercise plan with variations and stick with it. Using Exercise To Control Weight Loss In addition do other small things. Sneak in exercise when you can, when shopping park farther away in the parking lot, do house cleaning and take stairs where ever possible they all count. A great way to fit in exercise at home at your convenience is by yoga or exercise DVDs. The combined effort of eating smarter and moving more are weight loss tips that immediately start peeling the pounds off. One of the most important tips for losing weight is reducing or managing the stress in your life. Yoga or meditation are two ways to reduce anxiety and stress. Balance is the key to a healthy lifestyle, it’s not easy but is well worth it. Step 3: Routine is Key If you skip your exercise routine one or two days, don’t stress and quit entirely, just get back to it, there’s always a new day. Some days you are going to overeat and probably more unhealthily, usually following it up with a high calorie dessert. Enjoy it, it’s only one day, use your strength you have by now not to make it a habit, but a reward for maintaining your weight loss. Leave a Reply
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Friday, 16 March 2012 The genetics of cat food What’s the sense of taste for, exactly? It will obviously be useful in telling us that two foods or beverages are different – one more sour or sweet than the other, for example. And we will use taste information to decide whether a food is too salty, not salty enough, or just right. But what were the evolutionary pressures that decided we should have a sensory system that responded specifically to a discrete set of qualities – sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami (savoury), and perhaps fat. Such a “limited” list of taste qualities can be contrasted with our sense of smell, in which thousands, if not tens of thousands, of individual, distinct qualities can be distinguished. Clearly, food selection must be an important taste function and clues to the adaptive significance of taste lie in the fact that our hedonic reactions - our likes and dislikes - to basic tastes are remarkably uniform. Hence, even though diets vary dramatically across different cultures, it has been shown that degrees of liking for some basic tastes (especially sweetness, bitterness and umami) outside the context of foods or drinks are highly similar [1]. This could suggest a common denominator in human diets or alternatively a genetic predisposition to respond hedonically in particular ways to tastes. Some decades ago, Israeli scientist Jacob Steiner undertook landmark studies in which he placed solutions of taste solutions onto the tongues of human newborns. From a series of photographs taken of the babies’ facial expression, it was evident that the sweet taste of sucrose evoked pleasure. The babies can be seen licking their lips and unambiguously smiling. In contrast, a bitter taste provokes a similarly unambiguous gaping mouth and a wrinkled nose, both indicating rejection of the taste. Steiner’s studies do not provide us with evidence of the precise origin of these fixed facial expressions to tastes. Steiner’s babies were very new – no more than a few hours old – and they were tested prior to being fed for the first time. So, there was no opportunity for them to learn how to respond (indeed, equivalent facial expressions were evident in babies born congenitally blind). It is still possible, of course, that preference for sweet and rejection of bitter were learned as a result of foetal exposure to sweet and bitter substances in the maternal diet. The impact of such exposures on post-natal preferences in now well-established [2]. Whether pre-natal learning or genetic programming is responsible for such innate responses to tastes in humans is not known but, in any case, these responses are important indicators of the functions of taste. But it is generally considered that the fact that facial expressions to sweet and bitter essentially identical to those of newborn humans are also observed in other species, including rats and apes [3], tells us that liking sweet and disliking bitter have evolved for a reason. Responding positively to sweet tastes means that we are motivated to consume plants that are high in energy-proving sugars, including fruits. In contrast, bitter substances in nature are often, if not universally, toxic. Hence, disliking bitterness can be protective. As a result, it has been argued that our sense of taste acts as a “guardian of the gut”, screening potential foods for the presence of carbohydrates and the absence of bitter poisons prior to ingestion. Other tastes, too, have been included in this adaptive explanation. Thus, the pleasantness of umami tastes is thought to reflect the importance of umami-producing amino acids in proteins, and our body’s need for sodium is known to underlie our preference for saltiness. Highly acidic (sour) tastes are generally disliked, indicating perhaps a need to avoid unripe or spoiled fruits, both of which are more sour than sweet. Beyond the presence of consistent across-species facial expressions to taste qualities, there has been little other science that has directly supported this view of taste as an evolved active participant in the food selection process. Another way of looking at this question, though, is to look at the eating habits of different species. If our innate hedonic responses to tastes are crucial to food selection, then they should reflect the variations in diet that exist across different animal species. Just such evidence was suggested by the relatively recent observation that, amongst mammals, it is the cat family that is most obviously indifferent to sweet tastes – just what we might expect from species that do not consume plants of any kind. The vampire bat is also, and unsurprisingly, indifferent to sweet treats. Now, however, there is new genetic evidence for the evolution of taste as a crucial determinant of food selection. This has come from a recent study by Jiang and colleagues [4] that has further enhanced our understanding of the direct relationship of taste variations to diets across different species. Searching for the part of the genome responsible for sweet taste receptors (a gene known as Tas1r2) in various species that are either fully carnivorous, as well as others that consume both meat and plants, has revealed the existence of pseudogenization of this gene. In other words, the gene - while present - has lost its ability to generate functioning sweetness receptors. This suggests a process whereby the gene, once active, has become inactive during the evolution of a completely carnivorous species. In this study, these non-functional sweet taste genes were found not just in carnivorous cats but also in other carnivorous species such as sea lions, seals, otters, hyena and dolphin. The Spectacled bear, on the other hand, eats both meat and plants and retained functioning Tas2r1 genes. Testing for the presence of sweet preferences in some of these species was consistent with the genetic data: otters showed no preferences for sweet tastes, while the Spectacled bear did. One final piece of evidence regarding the link between taste sensitivity and diet was evident in the genome of the aquatic mammals tested. In addition to lacking functional sweet taste genes, neither sea lions nor dolphins showed evidence of functioning genes for either umami or bitter tastes. This is consistent with both species’ effective lack of taste buds, and also behaviourally with their approach to eating, which is to swallow prey whole without any consideration for their taste qualities. What does this research tell us about us? Firstly, these new data indicate that the fact that humans have functioning taste receptors for sweet, umami and bitter (as well as somewhat different mechanisms for detecting salty and sour) is strong pointer to what we have evolved to consume, namely sugar-containing plants, as well as meat. It tells us, too, that bitterness is (or perhaps has been) reflective of a genuine dietary risk that we have faced during relatively recent evolutionary development. Indeed, other research on this issue has shown that evolutionary development from old-world monkey to new-world monkeys to humans is accompanied by an increasing numbers of functioning bitterness receptors. Taste then has clearly been an important sensory system in human evolution. 1. Prescott, J., Comparisons of taste perceptions and preferences of Japanese and Australian consumers: Overview and implications for cross-cultural sensory research. Food Quality and Preference, 1998. 9(6): p. 393-402. 2. Mennella, J.A., C.P. Jagnow, and G.K. Beauchamp, Prenatal and postnatal flavor learning by human infants. Pediatrics, 2001. 107(6): p. E88. 3. Steiner, J.E., et al., Comparative expression of hedonic impact: affective reactions to taste by human infants and other primates. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 2001. 25(1): p. 53-74. 4. Jiang, P., et al., Major taste loss in carnivorous mammals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 2012. [
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Dominate Any Party With These 31 Quick Conversation Starters The Listener Believe it or not, everybody feels awkward at parties and social events. Even with something as significant as waiting for the bathroom, an awkward silence can be painful. And at work, it can be difficult to connect with people because of how hard it can seem to get a conversation going. So to ensure that you can be the most memorable, friendliest person at any social event, party, or even at your daily job, here are 31 quick conversation starters. 1. Where did you grow up? 2. Do you have any pets? 3. What are your pet’s names? 4. What’s your dream job? 5. What did you do last weekend? 6. What are you going to do this weekend? 7. Who in your life brings you the most joy? 8. Where is the most beautiful place you have been? 9. Where do you spend most of your free time? 10. Where is the coolest place near where you live? 11. If you had to change your name, what would it be? 12. What are you best at? 13. What weird talent do you have? 14. What’s the worst movie you have seen recently? 15. What was the last book you read? 16. What book genres do you like to read? 17. What kind of phone is that? 18. What do you wish your phone could do? 19. Did you catch the game? 20. What is the best restaurant in your area? 21. If you didn’t care l what people thought, what clothes would you wear? 22. Have you traveled to any different countries? 23. What is the craziest, most outrageous thing you want to achieve? 24. What personal goals do you have? 25. What do you hope to achieve in your professional life? 26. What are some goals you have failed to accomplish? 27. When do you want to retire? What do you want to do when you retire? 28. How have your goals changed over your life? 29. Did you go to college? Where? 30. What foods do you absolutely hate? 31. Do you remember your first car? Check out this site for many more! Share on Facebook Leave a Reply
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Research on Network Teaching of Music Major Based on Artificial Intelligence Technology With the penetration of artificial intelligence technology in the field of music, the demand and training of music professionals have changed. The mode of network teaching also occupies an important position in the training of music major. Based on the background of artificial intelligence technology, this paper explores the teaching mode of music major, and puts forward the reform and innovation strategy of music professional network teaching mode under the background of artificial intelligence technology. This paper starts with the introduction of artificial intelligence and its application in the field of music teaching, analyzes the influence of network teaching mode of Music Major under the background of artificial intelligence, and puts forward the Talent Cultivation Countermeasures of Music Major under the network teaching mode. This paper studies the status quo of music teaching in conservatory of music, characteristics of network teaching mode and platform construction. With the continuous enrichment of music professional network teaching resources, this new teaching mode can reflect its advantages and efficiency advantages. Starting from the influence of artificial intelligence technology on Music Majors at present, this paper analyzes that the best teaching effect can be obtained by using multimedia network teaching in teaching, and puts forward the practical application method of artificial intelligence technology in music professional network teaching under modern network conditions. The experimental results show that we should constantly improve the function research of the network teaching platform of Music Major Based on artificial intelligence technology, and carry out more optimized settings combined with music professional courses, so that teachers and students can obtain the best use effect, and ensure the smooth progress of music professional network teaching mode. Introduction In recent years, artificial intelligence(AI) has developed rapidly and has been widely used in various fields. Under the influence of this year's epidemic situation, colleges and universities all over the country have promulgated the policy of delaying the start of school. Under the call of the Ministry of education of the People's Republic of China, students' learning progress can be smoothly carried out. Colleges and universities all over the country use artificial intelligence to carry out network distance education and teach students online. Artificial intelligence brings convenience to people, but also means that artificial intelligence has a certain degree of influence on the teaching mode of music major in Colleges and universities [1] . First of all, the positive impact, artificial intelligence technology can replace low skilled work, save labor costs, make people have more energy to invest in complex work, and bring greater economic benefits to the society [2] . Just as in this epidemic situation, college students are distributed all over the country. Network teaching through artificial intelligence not only overcomes the problem of distance, but also some public courses can be timely educated on the Internet according to the 1:1 reducibility, so that students can experience the famous teachers' lecture hall at home. Nowadays, the development of China's higher education has gradually changed from the mode of scale expansion to the mode of quality improvement. Under the influence of artificial intelligence technology, advanced computer technology is more closely integrated with the music industry, especially in the education, creation, performance, appreciation and musical instrument production of music majors [3] . With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology in the field of music, we have to re-establish the talent training mode of music major, strengthen the quality of talent training, improve the employment rate and employability of music graduates, and provide new ideas and directions for the training mode of music professionals [4] . On the network teaching platform, the platform can provide many teaching videos to choose from. As far as music is concerned, it basically covers most of the course contents from theoretical discipline to skill discipline [5] . For example: music theory, listening, singing and ear training, piano foundation, music history, music appreciation, etc. In these teaching videos, most of them are explained by music teachers with rich experience, good language expression and strong professional skills. Through the vivid introduction of these teachers, students can be guided to actively participate in learning [6] . In the network teaching of music course, we can use these excellent teaching videos to teach, so that the teaching effect can be better improved. For some schools with insufficient teaching staff, they can also carry out teaching through the network teaching platform with the help of excellent music teaching video resources, so as to ensure the balanced development of music courses and improve students' music literacy better [7] . But the music specialty itself has certain particularity, such as vocal music, musical instruments and other majors need teachers to carry out demonstration teaching. Although online education can see and hear students' actions and voices through remote video, there are occasional action delays and voice distortion. Compared with online teaching, online courses lack some intuitive feelings. Based on the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology in the current new era, building an artificial intelligence music professional online teaching APP in colleges and universities will greatly increase students' interest and enthusiasm in learning music, and realize the teaching ideas of new era, new concepts and new technologies Provide some exploration, research and thinking [8] . With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, electronic musical instruments are becoming more and more intelligent. Electronic keyboard instruments can not only store more timbres but also have a huge improvement in the quality of timbres. Students can arrange different timbres and melodies according to their needs. Make it appear in a fixed order and frequency, students can create and share more flexibly in the classroom, it improves students' learning enthusiasm and participation, stimulates students' interest in learning, and cultivates students' music creation ability [9] . Educational artificial intelligence is a new research field formed by the intersection of artificial intelligence technology and learning science. Through artificial intelligence technology, the network teaching environment of music majors is flexible and personalized [10] . Based on artificial intelligence technology, the introduction of network teaching mode In order to enable the network teaching model to better enter the teaching model of college music majors, a complete teaching system is needed to ensure the smooth development of teaching. The current teaching mode of music majors in colleges and universities lacks a complete network teaching system. Some classrooms do use network teaching, but the implementation effect is relatively poor. The reason is not the network teaching itself, but the lack of a systematic teaching system in the school, which makes teachers lack the direction of teaching, so the performance in the process of implementation is also inadequate. In the current development of artificial intelligence technology, the introduction of network teaching mode is a new attempt for music majors in colleges and universities, and colleges and universities need to improve hardware support and improve teaching ability. The network teaching model supported by artificial intelligence technology can enrich the teaching expression of the music major, and introduce network teaching into the teaching model of the music major. Colleges and universities can strengthen the communication with music teaching websites through national policy support to improve the school's hardware support , Through the training investment to improve the teacher's ability, so as to effectively implement the music professional teaching mode network teaching. The construction of music professional online teaching courses that expand artificial intelligence technology Expanding the construction method of music professional online teaching courses with artificial intelligence technology. At present, most of the online courses of universities and educational institutions are based on the combination of Web pages and corresponding APPs. Although they have been accepted by most teachers and students, However, for some teachers who are not familiar with the operation of mobile phones and computer software, they choose to download various clients in the early stage, and how to construct lessons, how to broadcast live, and how to conduct online examinations in the teaching process are all faced with numerous problems. Moreover, the art courses are taught in various forms, which increase their difficulty in class. And based on the construction of an intelligent network teaching system under artificial intelligence technology, and network courses can take advantage of the convenient dissemination of the intelligent network teaching system itself, it can be anytime, anywhere, instant feedback, personalized push, integrate the Internet and education, and promote student development , Promote school information teaching reform, all of which are of great significance. Experiment object In order to have a deeper understanding of the innovative research on the network teaching mode of Music Major under the background of artificial intelligence technology oriented, the experimental subjects selected 70 Music Major Students of conservatory of music as the research objects, which were divided into experimental class and control class. There were 35 students in the experimental class and 35 students in the control class. Through the form of questionnaire to students, to understand the learning situation of students, and lay the foundation for the application of network teaching mode in the teaching of music major courses in conservatory of music. One of the students who received online education wrote in the questionnaire that "at the beginning of online teaching, I assisted teachers to find a suitable teaching platform by trying different teaching platforms; in addition, I edited various versions of vocal music videos, opera excerpts, photos and texts by using the information technology knowledge I learned at ordinary times. In this process, I feel that the knowledge I have learned has a place to use. Through online education, I have increased my knowledge reserve and watched many related vocal music videos. It is no longer limited to face-to-face teaching of words and legends, which has increased my motivation to continue learning. " Research design This research first analyzes the relevant literature of music professional online teaching practices based on artificial intelligence technology at home and abroad, collects theoretical and applied research materials of music professional online teaching models at home and abroad, clarifies the research ideas, and clarifies the research content , Lay the foundation for the development of this research and the writing of the thesis. The questionnaire method is also called the form-filling method, that is, the questionnaire is prepared and then distributed to the subjects of the research survey by paper. In this study, a total of 70 questionnaires were distributed, and 70 valid questionnaires were recovered, and then the recovered questionnaires Collect data and then use statistical and comparative research methods. Finally, in a natural and realistic educational environment, educators should use various research methods and techniques according to specific operating procedures to solve the main goals of online teaching reform. The investigation and analysis of this ability, that is, with the help of questionnaires and interviews, analyze and explain the status quo of the development of this ability, and draw the development problems it currently encounters. According to the data shown in Figure 1, we can understand from the data shown in the figure that, in the current background of rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, most colleges and universities use online teaching to teach, because the most favorite way of teaching is online teaching. Mode, because the network teaching mode is for students, they believe that the network teaching mode can greatly improve their learning efficiency and learn more about music professional knowledge. As the data in the figure shows, the proportion of satisfied students is as high as 78.23%. Dissatisfied music majors accounted for 7.1%. Through face-to-face surveys, they said that the online teaching model is very harmful to students because they believe that the online teaching model has a low degree of acquisition of professional knowledge for students. Application of artificial intelligence technology in online teaching of music majors With the continuous development of modern science and technology, artificial intelligence technology has also made considerable progress. Various intelligent and humanized music network teaching applications have appeared in people's vision. This kind of electronic musical instrument that integrates modern science and technology can store the timbre of various musical instruments in the software. At the same time, it can realize the classified teaching of each musical instrument, so that it can carry out selective online learning according to pre-designed. This kind of advanced network teaching method is not comparable to other forms at present. These intelligent software have powerful functions and easy to use characteristics. It can not only realize the original work completed by the music synthesizer, but also replace the original work task of the music editor. Greatly enhance the music processing ability, effectively expand the storage capacity of music information. In addition, smart music software can also cut, edit, record and play music works, and realize customized editing of music works. As shown in the survey data in Table 1, this article conducts a user satisfaction survey on the intelligent online network teaching system used by the students surveyed. Selected "course information" and "work area" for data comparison and analysis. From the data in the table, it can be learned that the students are very satisfied overall, accounting for about 92% of the total number, while students who are more satisfied or below account for about 8% of the total number. Since then, the data shown in the survey results fully show that the online network teaching system based on artificial intelligence is very effective. Analysis of Network Teaching Strategies for College Music Majors in the Artificial Intelligence Era All schools should fully realize the importance of college education and teaching in the era of artificial intelligence, enhance the use of online teaching in music teaching in colleges and universities in the era of artificial intelligence, increase hardware equipment teaching, and provide students with better learning resources. Specifically, teachers are looking for more teaching resources, these resources need to be put on the equipment to be disseminated to students. Schools should ensure adequate media hardware equipment so that teachers can make full use of it in online classrooms. For music teaching, it is necessary to intensify efforts, establish a professional music intelligent network teaching platform, and fully integrate artificial intelligence technology into music teaching, so that music teaching can be used in more aspects. To change the traditional way of education, the first is the reform of educational concepts. Traditional teaching prevents students from getting specific practice on the knowledge they have learned, so it cannot produce a certain effect on the research results of college music teaching reform strategies in the field of artificial intelligence. But we should also pay attention to the development of practical ability. Many students have poor practical ability in music. Therefore, schools need to pay attention to the cultivation of music literacy, and in the era of artificial intelligence, make full use of the advantages of artificial intelligence to enhance the appeal of students' music. Conclusion Although artificial intelligence has great potential and room for development in music professional education, we should not be confused by intelligent technology. The essence of artificial intelligence in music education is education. Both teachers and students must establish correct artificial intelligence thinking. Reasonable and appropriate use of artificial intelligence technology to assist teaching and learning. Artificial intelligence is inevitably a double-edged sword. We must scientifically, correctly and rationally apply this technology to online teaching and online learning of music majors to cultivate music talents in the era of artificial intelligence. Strengthen the application of artificial intelligence technology in music professional online teaching, and continue to promote the reform process of music professional online teaching. In daily teaching activities, network teaching has greatly improved the information interaction between teachers and students, and also strengthened the communication between students and students. The introduction of network teaching has enabled the communication between students and teachers, and between students and students. More convenient. Improving the effect of music classroom teaching and enhancing artificial intelligence technology is the trend of future social development. It will play an increasingly important role in music teaching reform, artificial intelligence electronic instruments, artificial intelligence music software and music teaching networks. Make greater breakthroughs in learning, improve the teaching effect of music classrooms, and increase students' interest in music learning. However, with the continuous improvement of computer computing power under the background of big data and the development and research of robot deep learning, new music of music artificial intelligence + database + music teaching and application + social interaction will become an inevitable development trend in today's world.
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At first, it just seemed cool. When facial recognition cameras were installed at a century-old high school here in eastern China, students got in and out of campus, picked up lunch, borrowed books and even bought drinks from a vending machine just by peering into the cameras. No more worrying about forgetting to carry your ID card. But last March, the cameras appeared in some classrooms — and they did a lot more than just identify students and take attendance. Using the latest artificial intelligence software, the devices tracked students’ behavior and read their facial expressions, grouping each face into one of seven emotions: anger, fear, disgust, surprise, happiness, sadness and what was labeled as neutral. Think of it as a little glimpse of the future. While American schools, as well as students and parents, are worrying about the increased emphasis on standardized tests — and the loss of classroom freedom that comes with “teaching to the test” — China has carried things to a whole new level. Here, the surveillance cameras took the data on individual facial expressions and used that information to create a running “score” on each student and class. If a score reached a predetermined point, the system triggered an alert. Teachers were expected to take action: to talk to a student perceived to be disengaged, for example, or overly moody. School administrators reckoned the data could provide feedback for teachers as well, about their lectures and classroom management, though they spoke of no immediate plans to use those details as part of their evaluations. Most students came to hate the constant monitoring — and the consequences that followed when the machines reported scores suggesting individuals or entire classes weren’t paying attention. Some students went so far as to figure out how to game the system by feigning what the cameras’ designers wanted to see. “If you feel angry, you need to control yourself,” said Zhu Juntao, 17, using his two forefingers to press up the ends of his mouth, as if smiling. He says he was never called out by a teacher, but others were. Parents had mixed reactions, but enough of them complained about what they saw as an intrusion on privacy that school administrators last month hit the pause button on the cameras. Not that those officials have given up on the system. It just needs further studying and some tweaking, says Zhang Guanchao, the school’s deputy principal, who believes it’s a useful tool for teachers. “Hopefully we will bring the system back to campus in September,” he said this week as students were wrapping up finals. Facial identifying technology has been developing rapidly and is being deployed in more places around the world. Some U.S. airports and law enforcement agencies now use such systems to screen travelers and detect wanted people. Britain and Russia are among others trying the software as part of their overall policing and surveillance efforts. But no country has been employing facial recognition as aggressively as China. That reflects the central government’s intense focus on public security and monitoring of residents, particularly in China’s far west Xinjiang region, where Beijing is using highly sophisticated facial recognition, iris scanners and other artificial intelligence software to keep tabs on — and watch for any separatist activities from — its Muslim Uighur population. At the same time, Beijing is making a big push in artificial intelligence. China has set a goal of being the world’s AI leader by 2030 and is investing heavily to support start-ups, research and more use of smart surveillance technologies. State media said recently that Beijing’s subway system plans to install facial recognition cameras along with palm scanners this year, ostensibly to ease congestion by allowing riders to gain faster entry — but also giving authorities another tool to monitor the population. In Beijing and throughout China, closed-circuit cameras and other surveillance devices are so ubiquitous that they’ve become part of the landscape. If facial recognition helps with public safety, some say, that’s a good thing. “Perhaps people would behave themselves more,” said Xia Chuzi, a 19-year-old student interviewed in Beijing. Chen Hong, another Beijing resident, said his main worry is whether AI technology will work properly in identifying faces correctly. “I’m not concerned about privacy,” said the 24-year-old, who installs high-speed internet equipment for a living. Hangzhou, a top tourist destination about 100 miles southwest of Shanghai, is now one of the country’s leading tech hubs, thanks in part to e-commerce giant Alibaba. Also based in the city is Hikvision, the world’s largest maker of video surveillance products. Hikvision supplied the face-recognition devices to Hangzhou No. 11 High School. Rolling them out to schools across the country would be highly lucrative. The partially state-owned company did not respond to requests for an interview. Experts say technologies recognizing or verifying faces is one thing, but monitoring emotions with AI devices takes it to a whole other level. They include not just cameras but hats and caps with sensors to monitor brain waves that detect shifts in a person’s mood. Human rights and privacy advocates see such emotional surveillance as part of China’s widening security control regime, an increasingly Orwellian world in which people can’t escape the eye of government and the pressures of conformity in social behavior. “It’s an incredibly dangerous precedent to affix somebody’s behavior or certain actions based on emotions or characteristics presented in their face,” said Clare Garvie, an associate at the Center on Privacy and Technology at Georgetown University Law Center. Educators in China have been sharply critical of the Hangzhou school, not only for invading students’ privacy — neither they nor their parents were asked to give consent — but for charging ahead with a unproven system that purports to improve student performance. Even assuming the machines can accurately read facial emotions, it’s far from clear how outward expressions are related to learning, says He Shanyun, an associate professor of education at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou. She thinks facial recognition is flawed in another way: It doesn’t account for different personalities and a Chinese culture that may be predisposed to a stoic face. Even if an AI device can help a teacher, He says, “you shouldn’t use it to punish students or put a simple label on them.” Zheng Suning, a 10-grader at Hangzhou No. 11, speaks proudly of her school. It was founded in 1904 but is now one of the most high-tech in the country. “We have visitors regularly,” she said. School administrators, however, declined a request for a tour. Zheng recalls the trouble when she had misplaced her school ID. Now she’s a little self-conscious about her face flashing before others but says it’s exceptionally convenient. “You show your face to the machine, and they bring out your lunch tray,” she said. Still, the 16-year-old dreads a return of the AI cameras in the classroom. Like most other high school students in China, Zheng and her classmates are in school from early morning to late at night. On top of that, Zheng takes private tutorial lessons twice a week lasting two hours each. She says maybe the cameras will help her be a better student, but she worries they will add more stress. She doesn’t know how she could avoid not looking sleepy. “I’m already so tired,” Zheng said. Then there’s the matter of faking expressions and behavior students think the cameras look for. No matter how tired or boring the lecture was, they said the trick was to look straight ahead. “Some students pretend to be very focused,” said Chu Haotian, 17. Fellow 10th-grader Zhu Juntao added: “Even though you’re a good student, you may not have a good expression.” Facial recognition cameras haven’t been installed in every classroom at the school yet. And they monitored only 10th-graders — and only for about two months before their use was suspended. Educators worry the emotion-monitoring will encourage excessive attention on outward behavior or become an active means of social control. That’s partly why Xiong Bingqi, an education professor at Shanghai Jiaotong University, calls it “black technology.” “The cameras have a very bad influence on students’ development,” he said. “The cameras just shouldn’t be used any longer.
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The testimony of Garnett Claud Hallmark was taken at 10:35 a.m. on June 27, 1964, in the office of the U.S. attorney, 301 Post Office Building, Byran and Ervay Streets, Dallas, Tex., by Mr. Leon D. Hubert, Jr., assistant counsel of the President's Commission. Mr. HUBERT. This is the deposition of Mr. Garnett Claud Hallmark. Mr. Hallmark, my name is Leon D. Hubert. I am a member of the advisory staff of the general counsel on the President's Commission. Under the provisions of Executive Order 11130 dated November 29, 1963, and the joint resolution of Congress No. 137, and the rules of procedure adopted by the President's Commission in conformance with the Executive order and the joint resolution, I have been authorized to take this sworn deposition from you. I state to you now that the general nature of the Commission's inquiry is to ascertain, evaluate, and report upon the facts relative to the assassination of President Kennedy and the subsequent violent death of Lee Harvey Oswald. In particular as to you, Mr. Hallmark, the nature of the inquiry today is to determine that facts you know about the death of Oswald and any other pertinent facts you may know about the general inquiry and about Jack Ruby and his operations and so forth. Now, I think you appear today here by virtue of a letter written to you by J. Lee Rankin,. general counsel of the staff of the President's Commission, who asked you to come; is that correct? Mr. HALLMARK. That's correct. Mr. HUBERT. I believe also the letter was probably dated the 22d of June 1964, and I ask you when you received it? Mr. HALLMARK. I received it the 23d--it was stamped the 23d. Mr. HUBERT. That's Tuesday? Mr. HALLMARK. That's right. Mr. HUBERT. Well then the 3 days required for notice have elapsed. I will ask you if you will stand and raise your right hand and I will administer the oath. Do you solemnly swear that the testimony you are about to give about these matters will be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help you God? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes, sir. Mr. HUBERT. Will you state your name please, sir? Mr. HALLMARK. Garnett Claud Hallmark. Mr. HUBERT. And your residence? Mr. HALLMARK. 2831 Quanah. Mr. HUBERT. How do you spell that? Mr. HALLMARK (spelling). Q-u-a-n-a-h. Mr. HUBERT. That's in Dallas? Mr. HUBERT. What is your occupation? Mr. HALLMARK. I am employed by Allright Auto Parks, Inc., as a general manager of the Dallas operation. Mr. HUBERT. Do they operate several parking lots in the city? Mr. HUBERT. How long have you been so employed? Mr. HALLMARK. Eight years. Mr. HUBERT. How long have you known him? Mr. HALLMARK. I have known him, it will almost be 4 years now--over 3 years. Mr. HUBERT. I have previously handed to you a 5-page document and for the purpose of identification, I have marked the first page on the right margin as follows: "Dallas, Texas, June 27, 1964, Exhibit No. 1 of the Deposition of Garnett C. Hallmark," and I have signed my name below that and on each of the following four pages I have placed my initials in the lower right-hand corner of each page. I asked you to read that so that you would be able to answer the questions I am now about to ask you, and that is whether or not this Exhibit No. 1, which purports to be an interview of you by FBI Agent Arthur Carter on December 11, 1963, is a fair and correct report of the interview that you did have with the FBI agent? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; it's a good account. Mr. HUBERT. Have you any corrections or modifications or changes to make in this? Mr. HALLMARK. No; not at all. Mr. HUBERT. Now, I want to know whether or not you had seen Jack Ruby on the 22d of November? Mr. HALLMARK. No; I didn't see him. Mr. HUBERT. But on the 23d, I think, you say in your statement that you did see him? Mr. HUBERT. Was that at the Nichols Bros. parking lot right next door to your lot next door to the Carousel Club? Mr. HALLMARK. That's correct. Mr. HUBERT. I think you have a man named Huey Reeves, or did. who worked there? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; Reeves still works for me. We have lost that location but Reeves still works for me. Mr. HUBERT. As general manager of this operation are you present at times in the different locations that you operate? Mr. HUBERT. On the 23d, you were, however, at the operation called Nichols Bros.? Mr. HUBERT. Which was a part of Allright Parking? Mr. HUBERT. One of the questions I want to ask you is how you fixed the time of seeing him, but I noticed that on page 2, the second paragraph, you indicate that you saw him at about 3:05 p.m. You established that time because you knew that you had a schedule that would require you to leave at 3:15, and that that enabled you to fix the time. Mr. HUBERT. I will ask you to elaborate to this extent--tell us what kind of schedule was that? Mr. HALLMARK. Well, first of all--of course, I had gone to this location to relieve this Tom Brown who is mentioned there, and just to let him get off and out of the office long enough to stretch his legs and get a cup of coffee, and I allowed myself approximately 30 minutes for that. I wanted to be at a location on Elm Street, 1920 Elm, at just about 3:30. Mr. HUBERT. Is that one of your parking lots? Mr. HUBERT. And your schedule called for you to be there at 3:30? Mr. HUBERT. To do that you figured you would have to leave at 3:15? Mr. HALLMARK. I wanted to leave at 3:15 to give myself plenty of time. Mr. HUBERT. Is it your impression then that you saw Ruby about 10 minutes prior to the time you scheduled yourself to leave? Mr. HALLMARK. He first entered the garage at probably--at 2:50. Mr. HUBERT. Did you talk to him then? Mr. HALLMARK. Well, he drove into the garage before I had ever gone into the office, and he parked at the place we normally let him park his car and got out and said he wanted to use the phone, that he was acting like a reporter. Of course, I granted him permission to walk in our cashier's office and use the phone. Mr. HUBERT. Did he further identify his activities as "acting like a reporter"? Mr. HALLMARK. No; he didn't elaborate on that. Mr. HUBERT. I mean, did he convey to you that he was acting like a reporter in any particular matter? Mr. HUBERT. Did you gather from what he said that he was acting like a reporter. in connection with the death of the President? Mr. HALLMARK. I, of course, assumed that. He made the remark to me that, I believe in the process of dialing the first one of two numbers he called, that what happened to the President was terrible, and of course, I agreed, but I got most of my information when I was just immediately adjacent to him as he used the phone there. Mr. HUBERT. You are making a gesture there which indicates about 2 feet? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; or less. Mr. HUBERT. You were within 2 feet of him when he conversed? Mr. HUBERT. Could you hear voices on the other end of the phone? Mr. HALLMARK. No; I could not. Mr. HUBERT. But you gathered your information from his remarks that you could clearly hear? Mr. HUBERT. And that's, of course, been reported in this Exhibit No. 1, and you say it is correctly reported? Mr. HALLMARK. It's very good. Mr. HUBERT. Now, I think you have mentioned in your report here on the first page that he was speaking to someone and told that person that his clubs would be closed, and then the conversation, as you put it here, switched to some remarks concerning the transfer of Oswald. Can you elaborate on that and tell us in more detail specifically what type of remarks those were? Mr. HALLMARK. He was--he told this person who he had established as being Ken, that he had been to the city hall and was following this thing, and he had information to the effect that the transfer was to take place that afternoon I got the impression that he had some information and possibly wanted corroboration. In other words, he just was not 100 percent sure, but he had--he thought he knew that the thing was to take place then, but was not 100 percent sure. Then, he remarked that people started strewing flowers at the scene of the assassination, which is in the immediate locale of the county jail, so that possibly because of the congestion they would not transfer Oswald that afternoon. Oswald's name I don't recall definitely that Oswald's name was mentioned. He kept referring to him as "he". Mr. HUBERT. I think you were aware that he was talking to a newspaper reporter, weren't you, a Wes Wise? Mr. HALLMARK. He was talking to, if I may tell you something I found out since or I think I found out, he was talking to a diskjockey on one of the local radio stations. Mr. HUBERT. His original call had been then to a man by the name of Wes Wise--Wesley Wise? Mr. HALLMARK. He asked for Wes Wise. Mr. HUBERT. What radio station would that be? Mr. HALLMARK. I believe that would be Ken Dowe with KLIF. This I think I found out since the trial. Mr. HUBERT. In other words; he first asked for Wes Wise? Mr. HALLMARK. That's correct. Mr. HUBERT. And your recollection is he soon discovered he was talking to Ken and so made a remark that indicated he was? Mr. HUBERT. Was it your impression that his efforts to corroborate the time of the transfer were successful or not? I mean, did you get the impression that this man he was talking to confirmed Ruby's apparent thought that the move would be made that Saturday afternoon? Mr. HALLMARK. I really don't think he did. I believe that as the conversation progressed and turned out, that Ruby had more information or perhaps, and I don't know what the other guy knew, but perhaps he just wasn't putting anything out. Mr. HUBERT. In any case, you got the impression that Ruby, who was seeking information, was not in fact getting any but giving some? Mr. HALLMARK. That's true; and it Just suited him to be putting out this information. Mr. HUBERT. In other words, he seemed pleased with himself? Mr. HALLMARK. He seemed pleased with himself; yes. Mr. HUBERT. Now, you make the statement here that one of the remarks he made was "You know I'll be there". Do you recall in what context that was, I mean, what had immediately preceded that, so that we might be able to gain some light as to where he said he would be? Mr. HALLMARK. He planned to be on the scene of the transfer. Mr. HUBERT. That's what you gathered from that remark? Mr. HUBERT. Do you remember what preceded it so that we could get the basis of forming an impression ourselves of what this phrase "You know I'll be there" referred to? Mr. HALLMARK. The conversation that preceded that statement was that about the strewing of the flowers and the possible delay of the transfer. In other words, immediately after he said that possibly the thing would be delayed, he listened for a period of time, maybe 20 seconds and closed the conversation with, "You know I'll be there". Mr. HUBERT. And your thought is that that referred to the jail? Mr. HUBERT. Now, one other thing I want to cover is that you make a statement that it was your impression that Ruby would not allow the girls who worked in his establishment either as waitresses or entertainers to make dates out of the club. Can you tell us how you obtained that information? Mr. HALLMARK. Well, in the 3 plus years that I have known Ruby, we've probably--I can say conservatively that we have talked 30 minutes a week about first one thing or another. Ruby was a good neighbor, and, of course, he pushed my operation there in this garage, and it was through those conversations that influenced my thinking from a standpoint of--I mean--this wouldn't have anything to do with morals, it would be because Ruby knew that he could get him-serf in trouble, you know, lose his license. Mr. HUBERT. That impression came from a series of conversations that spread over possibly 3 years? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; right. Mr. HUBERT. All of which indicated to you that he would not tolerate the dating of his girls, but that principally he was motivated by the fact that he could get into difficulty if he did? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; true, because he could lose his liquor license. Mr. HUBERT. Did he ever advert specifically to his losing his liquor license or is that an example that just simply occurs to you? Mr. HALLMARK. That's just something that occurs to me. He had knowledge of the fact certainly that the Dallas Police Department checks on that type of thing. Mr. HUBERT. What I'm trying to get at--do you specifically remember him saying something to the effect that I wouldn't do that because I might lose my license? Mr. HALLMARK. I don't recall his ever stating that definitely. Mr. HUBERT. I think you said that you thought that during the 3 years, more or less, period you probably spoke to Ruby probably 30 minutes a week at odd times? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; probably. Mr. HUBERT. Did you ever hear him express any ideas concerning a political philosophy? Mr. HALLMARK. No; never. Mr. HUBERT. Did he ever discuss international politics or ideologies? Mr. HALLMARK. No; not with me. Mr. HUBERT. Now, on the 23d when you saw him, what was your impression of his reaction to the death of President Kennedy? Mr. HALLMARK. I described him to Mr. Carter as being a preoccupied and an intense person. Mr. HUBERT. You mean generally so? Mr. HALLMARK. Generally so. Ruby was everything was either black or white with Ruby. There was no inbetween. He almost always in these conversations which I would have with him, he would probably be listening to me but he would be staring off--at anything. Mr. HUBERT. You mean that's during the 3 years you knew him? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; and on this afternoon he was just more so. After he had closed this conversation with the diskjockey or newsman, if you prefer, he walked east or Commerce Street away from his club. In other words, he walked up past--I don't know at w at point he walked, but he walked past his competitors. Mr. HUBERT. That's the Colony Club? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; that's right, and he was gone about 2 minutes and he came backhand when he came back he stopped right outside this cashier's cage and stood there and looked for--it seemed like 2 full minutes. He acted like he wanted to say something, but he never did until he said, "I'll see you, Claud", and then he went and got in his car. Mr. HUBERT. Did you form the impression then, on the 23d, that he was acting a bit differently than he usually did or has that impression been formed in retrospect? Mr. HALLMARK. The best words I can think of to use he was typically himself only more so. Mr. HUBERT. But I mean, did you get the impression of the "more so" then or did you think about it later and realize that it was more so? Mr. HALLMARK. I got it then. Mr. HUBERT. You got it then and there? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; definitely. Mr. HUBERT. You didn't comment to anybody about it? Mr. HALLMARK. No; not specifically. Mr. HUBERT. In other words, on the 23d you had the mental reflection that Ruby is acting a little bit differently than he usually does? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; and the remarks which he made. He remarked to me and the first person he talked to on the telephone about what had happened to the President was terrible. Of course, I would certainly not object to his using the phone, he has used it numerous times, but I just acted, you know, I just left him alone. I didn't try to engage him in any conversation or anything because, or partially because of the way he was acting. Mr. HUBERT. In other words, the manifestations of a difference in his attitude not only impressed itself on your memory at the time, but actually caused you to behave toward him differently than normally you would have? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; it did, although I don't recall having anything that wanted to talk to him about. Mr. HUBERT. But you mentioned a moment ago that you refrained deliberately from your normal attitude with him? Mr. HUBERT. Because of the strangeness of his attitude? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; I didn't want to impose myself on his thoughts whatever they were. Mr. HUBERT. Did he indicate that he. was worried about the effect of the assassination of President Kennedy on his own business affairs? Mr. HALLMARK. No; not except for the fact that he closed both his clubs. He had closed them the night prior and they were to be closed that night and the next, but he said nothing about the money it would cost him to close. He did ask me about the other--the neighboring places of business like his own. He asked me if I knew whether they would be open or not, and, of course, I told him that I did not know, and so he stated that they wouldn't have nerve enough to open after they had seen his ad. At the time I had not seen his ad. I looked at it later, and he had run an ad in the paper which stated that his clubs would be closed. It was a good-sized ad for that type place. Mr. HUBERT. Well, did he comment about the effect of the assassination on his future business rather than on the closing for the 3 days? Mr. HALLMARK. No; he made no comment about that. Mr. HUBERT. Did he make any comment concerning his worry that for some reason the Jews might be implicated in the killing of the President on account of the Weissman ad? Mr. HALLMARK. No; I heard nothing of that nature. As a matter of fact in having known him, I don't know, and of course, I realize that Ruby was Jewish. but I don't believe that I ever heard him say anything related to the fact that he was a Jew. I believe I would--rather people would get the impression that he was not Jewish. This is from looking at the thing and remembering it. Mr. HUBERT. In retrospect? Mr. HALLMARK. In retrospect. Mr. HUBERT. Did you observe any sensitivity on his part because he was a Jew? Mr. HALLMARK. No; I have never. Like I say, I believe that he would--I think he would rather people have not known that he was a Jew, but that's my thinking, just because of the fact that we have never touched upon that in any of our conversations. Mr. HUBERT. Did you know a boy by the name of Larry Crafard who worked for Ruby for awhile? Mr. HALLMARK. Now, when was that? Mr. HUBERT. Just before the assassination of the President last year? Mr. HALLMARK. No; I do not recall that name. I did not ever try to strike up an acquaintance with any of Ruby's employees. Mr. HUBERT. Actually. your duties cause you to move around from one place to the other? Mr. HUBERT. How many places did you have under your supervision? Mr. HALLMARK. I'm in charge of about eight downtown garages, specifically. Mr. HUBERT. You were then? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes. When Ruby first moved into the Carousel it was the Sovereign Club, and I was the manager at that one specific garage then and that was Nichols Garage, and I don't remember exactly at what point I was made general manager and moved out, as you have described. Mr. HUBERT. Did you have sort of a headquarters office? Mr. HALLMARK. Yes; I headquartered--in other words, I usually parked my car there at 1320 Commerce, probably out of habit, but that was usually the first place in the morning and the last place in the evening. I generally called that headquarters at the time. Mr. HUBERT. But you didn't know any of the people who worked there as entertainers? Mr. HALLMARK. I knew them by sight only. I never tried to strike up a conversation with any of them or any acquaintance. Mr. HUBERT. All right, is there anything else you would like to add, sir? Mr. HALLMARK. I don't think so--I can't think of anything that I would want to add. Mr. HUBERT. Now, I don't believe there has been any conversation between us except that, which has been recorded, is that correct? Mr. HALLMARK. I believe that's correct. Mr. HUBERT. Thank you very much. I appreciate your coming down. Mr. HALLMARK. All right. Mr. HUBERT. And I appreciate your taking the time to do so--thank you very much. Mr. HALLMARK. All right, thank you, Mr. Hubert. Home .. Alphabetical list of witnesses
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May 21, 2009 Car Talk Birdies, rest and motion: Tom, Ray and Sir Isaac Newton answer a humdinger Syndicated columnists Dear Tom and Ray: Once, on a very long, boring trip, my passenger and I were reduced to asking each other dumb questions. We came upon one question that we couldn't settle. Imagine that I'm driving along at highway speed with the air conditioner on and the windows closed. A hummingbird that was caged in the back seat gets loose, and with nowhere really to go, it ends up just hovering there in midcar. Our question is this: If I hit the brakes hard, does the hummingbird crash into the windshield? My friend said of course it would, that its momentum would cause it to keep moving forward as the car slowed. But I, being the more educated of us (not necessarily a good thing, as my friend claimed), said that the hummingbird's position would depend on its air speed, not its ground speed, and as the car slowed down, the air inside the car would slow down at an equal rate, as would the hummingbird, thereby avoiding becoming windshield splatter. So guys, please settle this question so I can finally get some sleep. -- Ross Tom: Why don't you just put the darn hummingbird back in its cage, Ross? Ray: As your friend says, Ross, over-education might not always be a good thing. But when you work around my brother, you come to the inescapable conclusion that a little bit more education can never hurt. Tom: The answer is that the hummingbird is toast, Ross. He crashes into the windshield. As your friend correctly says, in summarizing Newton's first law, objects in motion will stay in motion. Ray: The cabin air is part of the car. So if the hummingbird is hovering in that air while the car is in motion, the bird has the same horizontal speed as the car. Tom: That means he's in motion. And when the car stops, the hummingbird does not, and splat. Ray: Now, as we were discussing your question, Ross, my brother raised an interesting issue. Tom: That's right. I said, "What about cigar smoke?" Let's say I'm motoring along in one of the new cars that we test-drive, smoking a huge cigar. Ray: Of course, this is a hypothetical question, because you're not allowed to smoke in the test cars. Tom: I'm not? Oh! I'm not! Right. But let's say, just for the sake of argument, that the smoke is hovering in the air all around me, and I stop short. Does the smoke crash into the windshield? I don't think so. Ray: It's a good question. So we called in our Car Talk physicist, professor Wolfgang Rueckner, who also moonlights at Harvard University. Tom: Wolfgang says that the smoke, too, is subject to Newton's first law, and should crash into the windshield. The only reason it doesn't is because it doesn't have enough mass. So while it's heading toward the windshield, it bangs into nearby air molecules, and the effect is muted. Ray: I'm wondering if Newton ever tried this physics experiment: Take a test car that my brother has been smoking a cigar in, and have the manufacturer who owns it stick his head inside and take a sniff. Then see if that guy slams my brother's head into the windshield. Partner video
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Sanofi Anticipates Launching Infant RSV Vaccine Ahead of Respiratory Virus Season This Fall A Potential Breakthrough in Preventing Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Infants The respiratory virus season, which typically affects infants and young children, poses a significant health risk for vulnerable populations. Among the viruses that cause respiratory infections in this age group, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is one of the most prevalent and severe. Sanofi, a global healthcare company, is geared up to make a groundbreaking introduction this fall by launching an Infant RSV vaccine that could potentially revolutionize the prevention of this virus in infants. This article explores the significance of this vaccine, the challenges posed by RSV, and the hope it offers for protecting the health and well-being of our youngest population. The Prevalence and Severity of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Infants RSV is a highly contagious respiratory virus that primarily affects infants and very young children. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), almost all children will have been infected with RSV at least once by the time they reach two years of age. For most children, RSV causes nothing more than a common cold. However, for infants born prematurely or with underlying health conditions, RSV can lead to severe respiratory distress and potentially life-threatening complications, such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis. It is estimated that RSV is responsible for more than 57,000 hospitalizations and 2.1 million outpatient visits in children under the age of five in the United States alone annually. The Need for an RSV Vaccine Despite the significant burden RSV imposes on infants and their families, there is currently no approved vaccine available for preventing this virus. The absence of effective prophylaxis against RSV has long been a challenge for healthcare providers and researchers, resulting in limited options for preventing infections and minimizing the impact of the disease in infants. However, with Sanofi’s anticipated launch of an Infant RSV vaccine, there is renewed hope that this unmet medical need can finally be addressed. The Potential Impact of the Sanofi Infant RSV Vaccine The Infant RSV vaccine being developed by Sanofi has shown great promise in clinical trials, raising hopes for an effective preventive measure against RSV. The vaccine aims to provide passive immunity to infants by introducing antibodies that specifically target RSV. This innovative approach could potentially offer protection against severe RSV infections, reducing the need for hospitalizations and ensuring the well-being of our youngest population, especially those at high risk. The Challenges and Considerations in Vaccine Development Bringing an effective vaccine to market is a complex process that involves rigorous research, clinical trials, and regulatory approvals. When it comes to RSV, several hurdles have been encountered along the way. RSV is a highly diverse virus, with multiple strains and subtypes circulating each season. This diversity poses a challenge in developing a vaccine that provides broad protection against various strains. Additionally, infants have a weaker immune response compared to adults, requiring careful consideration of dosage and timing to ensure optimal efficacy and safety. The Roadmap to Launching the Sanofi Infant RSV Vaccine Sanofi has been working diligently to overcome the challenges associated with developing an effective and safe Infant RSV vaccine. Extensive preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted to evaluate the vaccine’s safety, efficacy, and immune response in infants. The promising results from these trials have paved the way for the final stages of development and regulatory approval. Sanofi anticipates that the Infant RSV vaccine will be available to the public ahead of the upcoming respiratory virus season, providing a much-needed solution for protecting infants from severe RSV infections. The Importance of Immunization in Preventing RSV Immunization plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and protecting vulnerable populations. Vaccination against RSV has the potential to significantly reduce the transmission of the virus and its associated complications in infants. By ensuring widespread access to the Sanofi Infant RSV vaccine, healthcare providers can contribute to creating a safer environment for infants during the respiratory virus season and beyond. The Future Outlook for RSV Prevention The anticipated launch of the Sanofi Infant RSV vaccine represents a major milestone in the prevention and control of RSV infections in infants. However, ongoing research and development efforts are necessary to further enhance the effectiveness of RSV vaccines and expand the age groups they target. With continued investment and collaboration between pharmaceutical companies, healthcare providers, and researchers, the future outlook for RSV prevention looks promising. The launch of the Sanofi Infant RSV vaccine ahead of the respiratory virus season this fall holds great promise for the prevention of severe RSV infections in infants. With its potential to provide passive immunity and protect our youngest population, this vaccine represents a significant breakthrough in addressing the unmet medical need for RSV prevention. Continued advancements in vaccine development and widespread immunization efforts can play a vital role in reducing the burden of RSV and ensuring the health and well-being of infants worldwide. 1. How does the Sanofi Infant RSV vaccine work? The Sanofi Infant RSV vaccine introduces specific antibodies that target Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), thereby providing passive immunity to infants. 2. Will the vaccine protect against all strains of RSV? RSV is a highly diverse virus, and developing a vaccine that offers broad protection against all strains is challenging. However, the Sanofi Infant RSV vaccine aims to provide protection against severe RSV infections, reducing the risk of hospitalization. 3. When will the Sanofi Infant RSV vaccine be available? Sanofi anticipates launching the Infant RSV vaccine ahead of the upcoming respiratory virus season this fall, providing a preventive measure for infants at risk of severe RSV infections.
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When I was a kid, I distinctly remember running to my mom to tattle on my sibling. Most of the time my issue was a toy that was broken and I just knew it was done on purpose. As kids or even adults, we believe things are mostly done on purpose and with a specific intent. The reality is that most people are living by accident. Each of us have 60,000 – 70,000 thoughts a day. We only recognize or address approximately 2,000 of those thoughts a day. That potentially means 58,000 thoughts are running around on a rampage with no supervision. What if your prevailing thoughts happen to be negative or self destructive? It’s no surprise that the past years of our lives mirror our current circumstance and people feel like they are in a vicious cycle. How many goals have you set and not met? How many new years resolutions have you made only to bail within days of the new year? As unfair as this may seem, you can change TODAY and for the rest of your life. In order to change, consider controlling those 2,000 conscious thoughts thru personal transformation. Begin To End The reason we find ourselves stuck in years of predictable reoccurring chaos is because we fail to truly identify a purpose greater than our current desires. Wanting a bigger house or better car is a wonderful dream or goal, but the truth is you already have shelter and transportation. That goal is not a life’s purpose. It is going to be tough for that goal to keep you engaged, focused and successful. Obtaining your goals and dreams can be an overwhelming accomplishment. The GOLD is in who you become during the process of your journey. People shy away from real introspective Work What are you good at? What do you love? How can you change your life, community, nation, or the world? What is your purpose that is greater than you? Set your life on a path that lines up with your purpose, beliefs, and intentions. This is an important step in discovering what it takes to live your goals and dreams. We all want something that we currently don’t have and set goals and dreams in order to obtain them. That is just one step. (ASKING) Set and hold your focus on what you want. Understand that the thing you want, isn’t going to arrive alone. Who will you become along the way? What will you need to let go of? What do you need to gain? • clarity • intuition • love • ingenuity Move beyond the surface distractions and tap into your deepest desires, the ones that will change the world. You will rarely wonder where the time has gone because you will see it in the results. Be The Change. “Be Your Best, Bring Your Best, Leave Nothing to Chance.” READY TO TALK? ► Connect with me on LinkedIn, visit our website at derickgant.com or email me at [email protected]. Believe in yourself. Believe in your growth. Find your coach. Derick Gant is an American entrepreneur, author, speaker, motivator and personal performance coach. Gant is a respected, highly regarded advisor whose passion is teaching people how to master themselves, their world, and their future. His books, packages, and seminars provide people of all backgrounds with the practical tools required to secure their personal freedom.
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Located in West Virginia and set along the Monongahela River, the town of Fairmont is a delightful place to visit. The historic area boasts several claims to fame – for example, it’s the home of the first Pepperoni Roll, as well as the site of the first Father’s Day. It’s also a fantastic place to visit for nature and outdoor activity lovers. But it’s the history of the surrounding area that really makes it a must-see spot. And history lovers will definitely want to visit Fairmont’s museums, as well as Pricketts Fort State Park – and, within it, Pricketts Fort. About The Site Prickett’s Fort State Park, located five miles north of Fairmont in Marion County, features a reconstruction of Prickett’s Fort – a structure built in the 1700s that served as a place of refuge during colonial times. Spread over 188-acres, the original Prickett’s Fort was never actually attacked. However, it provided shelter to as many as eighty families during times of crisis. At the time, as settlers and Native Americans tried to navigate the land and relationships of the American Revolution, families living off the land could potentially end up in the crossfire – but could flee to places such as Prickett’s Fort for safety. Unfortunately, it’s believed that the original fort was destroyed by railroad construction in the early 1900s. However, the importance of the fort eventually led to a historical reconstruction. Now, according to their website, “Prickett’s Fort State Park is popular with history and nature lovers, alike. The park offers guided tours, specialized talks, gallery exhibits and craft demonstrations. Interpreters in period-accurate costumes recreate late 18th century life with demonstrations of colonial crafts such as basketry, blacksmithing, and pottery.” If you’re hungry for more information after your visit, you can even drive to the Job Prickett House, built in 1859 by a great-grandson of Jacob Prickett. The house is listed on the National Register of Historic Places and contains antiques originally used by the Prickett family, helping to further tell the story of the people who once relied on the fort and surrounding land to survive. More Than A Historic Area As hinted by the website quote earlier, Prickett’s Fort State Park is home to more than a fort. In fact, most of the park is free to charge to see and explore – the fort is one of the few exceptions. And weather and hours permitting, visitors can enjoy biking, boating, fishing, and hiking. An outdoor amphitheater and picnic areas can also be found in the park. By the way, don’t worry about bringing a bike with you if it would be too much work. You can rent them from the visitor center when you arrive! With these activities on top of its historic sites and local businesses, beautiful Prickett’s Fort State Park and the town of Fairmont are both well worth visiting and supporting.
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The RNC, Revisited Last year, when Jared Yates Sexton went to Cleveland, the ugliness he saw there was a harbinger of much to come. Photo: Getty Images Jared Yates Sexton The People Are Going to Rise Like the Waters Upon Your Shore: A Story of American Rage | Counterpoint | August 2017 | 19 minutes (5,081 words) Below is an excerpt from The People Are Going to Rise Like the Waters Upon Your Shore, by Jared Yates Sexton. A version of this story originally appeared in The Atticus Review in July of last year, when it wasn’t yet clear that the ugliness Sexton Yates saw in Cleveland was a harbinger of much to come. Or, perhaps it was clear—to anyone who was really looking. Here is that essay, revisited. This story is recommended by Longreads contributing editor Dana Snitzky. * * * Because I can. The news broke over the radio. Another ambush. Another murder in a long line of murders. Another gaping wound for Baton Rouge, Louisiana, a reeling community that hadn’t the chance to heal from Alton Sterling’s tragic death twelve days earlier. Three officers killed, another three wounded. The gunman a veteran named Gavin Long who celebrated his twenty-ninth birthday by targeting cops in the streets. The cable networks breathlessly speculated in the fashion that’d become so commonplace in our era of panic. How many gunmen? Who’s responsible? We’re just getting video—what is this exactly? What type of weapon are we talking about? What’s the feeling out there? All the same whether it’s Baton Rouge or Dallas or France. The only relief came when they would throw to their reporters stationed in Cleveland, preparing for the upcoming Republican National Convention and the possibility that the trend of violence could continue. Are people nervous? they asked. What type of security measures are being taken? An hour or so later, Stephen Loomis, the president of Cleveland’s Patrolmen’s Association, begged Governor John Kasich to suspend open-carry regulations in the area outside the Quicken Loans Arena, a request Kasich said he couldn’t grant. Following his answer—a denial Loomis bemoaned on every available network—the media speculated again, this time what kind of tragedy Cleveland could see if tensions ran too hot. “I think they’re gonna burn down the city,” a caller said on talk radio. “I really do.” By Monday morning, the most sought-after picture in Cleveland was someone carrying a weapon in plain view of the entire world. The first I found was Jesse Gonzales, conspicuous because of the large halo of reporters surrounding him. Holding court in the heart of them, Gonzales stood with an AK-47 on his back. By my count, there were at least four countries and three continents worth of cameras trained on him as he casually answered the most repeated question of why he would ever carry a weapon into a powder keg like this: “Because I can.” Giving a similar answer was a group of Minutemen posting up on a corner outside Public Square. Decked out in body armor and combat boots, tactical communication sets snaking out of their ears, they pontificated on the police union’s “illegal request” and, when asked about the weapons, would only say three words: “It’s the Constitution.” A few feet away were Ohio police officers in bulletproof vests. I asked one what he thought of the open-carriers and got a roll of the eyes. “No comment,” he said, “but it’s a pain in my ass.” The scene was interrupted as a truck pulled slowly down the road with a digital screen in the back that sparked to life. Conspiracy mogul Alex Jones’s gruff voice avalanched out of the speakers and declared war on globalists and labeled Hillary Clinton a criminal who needed to be locked away. Soon a black passerby invaded the space, leaving the Minutemen visibly uncomfortable. He carried a sign and ordered random members of the crowd to join him for a picture. “You,” he said to a passing girl. “I don’t know you from a sandwich, but come on over here.” As the picture of the man and the Minutemen was snapped, the outfit’s leader shouted their two-minute warning. Not long after they were marching down the sidewalk, crossing the street, their rifles bouncing as they stepped out of rhythm. * * * No one is ever going to rape you, you are so safe . . . unless you go to a refugee camp. Everywhere, outright symbols of hate: Confederate flags. A man dressed in neo-Nazi paramilitary gear. Shirts and buttons and flags and towels with the most misogynistic pictures and slogans you could imagine. The new economy of intolerance and meanness that only Donald Trump could’ve conjured in twenty-first-century America. Matching the symbols were moments of confrontation in every corner of the city. In the park, random arguments sparked between ideologically opposed participants, the topics and people ranging from capitalism to eternal damnation, from the ubiquitous country-club uniform of blue blazer, white collar, and khakis to a preacher standing on the steps of Public Square in an allah is satan shirt and carrying an all muslims are jihadists sign. The latter was preaching to a crowd of people ignoring him when a Muslim woman climbed up and slipped him a joke pack of gum a protest group had been handing out earlier: islamophobin, it said, multi-symptom relief for chronic islamophobia. The man took it and told her she was going to hell. Down on East Fourth Street, the choked thoroughfare where MSNBC and The Washington Post rented their headquarters, foot traffic was heavy and people squeezed against each other, bumping and shoving from time to time. At the end, the bottleneck opened onto Prospect Avenue, where impromptu protests were held in the shadow of the Quicken Loans Center. That’s where I found self-proclaimed pickup artist, and founder of the vile misogynistic website Return of Kings, Roosh V engaging with a small group of feminists chanting “rapist, rapist, rapist” as he filmed them and asked for more. Roosh, who has published articles about how to train women and stated a preference for girls with “skin tones within two shades” of his own, held his camera aloft to capture the event for his viewers at home and to the delight of his sad pack of an entourage, including one who told a woman, “No one is ever going to rape you, you are so safe . . . unless you go to a refugee camp.” When she turned from him: “Aww, you got mad. You’ve got no emotional control.” Elsewhere, other Trump supporters interrupted speakers and protesters, laughing at them and mock crying when they ruffled. While a revolutionary group rallied against police brutality, a pair of supporters asked them if they knew the meaning of random words and chuckled. A few feet away a group laid black tiles with protest language in the street, gaining the attention of another pair who stood to the side, watching the project and commenting, “These people don’t have a moral center” and “Their daddy didn’t love them enough.” It took a toll, so I went into Flannery’s Pub, grabbed a table by the bar, and while I was ordering a beer the television showed footage of Representative Steve King of Iowa discussing dividing the world into whites and nonwhites: “I’d ask you to go back through history and figure out: Where are these contributions that have been made by these other categories of people you’re talking about? Where did any other sub-group of people contribute more to civilization?” Then footage of Antonio Sabato Jr., idiot soap-opera actor, saying he didn’t believe the president was a Christian. Then that race-baiting, rat bastard Rudy Giuliani. All leading to Trump entering with a belching fog machine to “We Are the Champions” to introduce his wife Melania. Enough to make you cry. I was in a stupor on the train ride back to my room. One day and already so much ugliness. I closed my eyes and listened to the wheels on the track. Then a couple in the seat across from mine, the two of them in their late sixties, Trump buttons on one lapel and a local race on the other, began explaining Black Lives Matter to someone sitting nearby. “They’re paid by George Soros and the Democratic Party,” the husband said. The wife was nodding off beside him. “They’re giving them guns and money and telling them to come to Cleveland and lay waste to the whole damn place.” * * * This is staged. This whole thing. In the morning, the main topic of concern was that Melania’s speech had been plagiarized from a previous one delivered by Michelle Obama. All down the corridor, correspondents were bloodhounding anyone with a delegate lanyard and pinning them against the walls and fences, asking if it changed their opinion of Trump. The ones who were already iffy about him nodded as they sucked on their bottom lips. “It’s a real issue,” they said. “This definitely gives me something to think about.” Two hundred yards away were a group of combat veterans calling themselves Vets Vs. Hate, an outfit mostly in T-shirts and shorts, a distinct contrast to the Minutemen from the day before. Ben, an Army vet, told me he’d come because he was tired of how Trump talked about women and Muslims, saying, “These are people we served with proudly.” There was little fanfare for Vets Vs. Hate, though, as all the oxygen was being sucked up by a man dragging the American flag across the ground of Public Square. Quickly he was ringed by media and angry men and women who told him he should be ashamed of himself and occasionally snuck into the circle to snatch the flag off the ground. When they did, the man nonchalantly dipped it back before returning to talk with reporters. Before long, a biker fought through and grabbed the flag, setting off a tense tug-of-war as photographers rabidly snapped pictures. Police who’d been monitoring the situation wasted no time in breaking up the scuffle and leading both men away from the crowd. Photo: Getty Images Back on Fourth Street, I found another argument, this one fabricated for the benefit of a reporter. Roosh V and one of his cronies were holding court in an alley, Roosh playing a caricature of a social-justice warrior explaining to his make america great again hat-wearing friend just how ignorant he was. A videographer taped the discussion but seemed perplexed: “I don’t get it,” she said, “why did you two come here together?” I couldn’t stop myself. The heat was stifling and all of the noise and bombast was wearing on me. “This is staged,” I interrupted. “This whole thing.” Instantly they dropped the façade, seeming more disappointed than anything. “Why’d you have to do that?” Roosh asked. Right before Trump’s nomination, a protest built up in the park. The revolutionary outfit had returned with larger numbers and soon the police had weaved through the gathering and separated them, the maneuvers nearly causing more problems when they knocked over a pair of African-American men who stood up and shared words. Then, Dr. Cornell West waded into the throng and stopped everything. “There will be no peace until there is justice,” he said, a megaphone carrying his voice through the square. “No calmness until justice.” And then Donald Trump became the nominee of a major political party for president of the United States. * * * What are you? Some kind of white knight? Earlier in the day, news broke that Milo Yiannopoulos, renowned troll and self-described “most dangerous faggot,” had been permanently banned by Twitter for his role in harassing Leslie Jones, actress in the lightning-rod remake of Ghostbusters. Divisive by design, Yiannopoulos has made an incredible living and built a fervent following by touring the country and trolling everyone and everything. As a result, his personal brand was red-hot with the alt-right, a group of young, aggressive conservatives more than willing to spout their xenophobic, racist, anti-feminist hate speech at the top of their intolerant lungs, an ethos that led to them throwing their growing influence behind Donald Trump. The hottest ticket for the alt-right was Tuesday night’s WAKE UP! Gays for Trump event and the center of their world a ballroom on Cleveland State University’s campus. Hoofing it down the sidewalk, ears still ringing from Chris Christie’s bullish prosecution of Hillary Clinton, journalist Jerad Alexander and myself were surprised by a voice we recognized: “These guys.” We turned and found Roosh and his pack of supporters breezing in around us. “What are you?” he asked. “Some kind of white knight?” They kept pace with us for the next two blocks and argued the reporter they’d tried to dupe earlier had deserved to lose her job. We were outside the building, Alexander and I telling Roosh and his men how blatantly disrespectful they were being, when the group peeled off and skipped nine-tenths of the people waiting in line. It was obvious right away that this was the alt-right’s party, as well as the party of the Infowars T-shirt wearers who stood outside and talked animatedly about taking down the infrastructure of freedom-hating globalists by any means necessary. The walls inside were lined with pictures of rail-thin male models in various stages of undress. The only consistent article of clothing: the signature make america great again hat of the Trump campaign. To go with the artwork—including a Gadsden flag hanging over the DJ booth—were trump/pence 2016 signs. Conspicuous as hell was the name of the governor of Indiana, who in his congressional years had supported a shift of money from AIDS research to conversion therapy for homosexuals. There weren’t enough drink tickets to stand around and listen to the crowd speak in hateful vagaries, or to watch them dance awkwardly on the small dance floor in front. In line for drinks, I stood near a man about my age with a fascistic haircut and an obviously high opinion of himself. I’d run across him earlier in the park with a sign reading wanna talk to a racist and had asked in passing what he thought he was doing. Now, in line, he asked me the same thing. I wouldn’t know it until later, but I’d had an interaction with Richard Spencer, president of the white-nationalist think tank the National Policy Institute, not to mention the man who’d coined the phrase “alt-right” and would go on to national infamy in just a few months. Unaware at the time, and a few beers in, I moseyed up as a speaker introduced the first headliner: Dutch politician and founder of the Party for Freedom Geert Wilders. Considered by many to be the Donald Trump of the Netherlands, the far-right and anti-Muslim Wilders came bearing warnings of “Eurabia,” a Europe that had been “overrun” by refugees and Muslims. Congratulating the crowd on taking a stand, he told them that if he becomes the prime minister of his country, he’d be opposed to even a solitary new mosque being built in the Netherlands. Sign up The main event, of course, was Yiannopoulos, who sported sunglasses and a tank top with a rainbow Uzi and the words we shoot back. He made light of his Twitter banning, the impetus being a fight with a “black Ghostbuster,” saying, “What a humiliating end to a wonderful run. It could at least be getting into a fight with somebody serious, but no, no, it was the tertiary star of a fucking terrible feminist flop.” The crowd up front hung on his words, especially as he tied a knot meant to bind the LGBTQ community with the forces of bigotry, the shooting in Orlando serving as the lace, the only problem being that the ballroom was half-full and the people in the back were more concerned with their drinks and socializing than the shitshow on stage. Repeatedly, the crowd of alt-right diehards, the majority of them the same straight kids who’d been following around the likes of Roosh and his cronies, were turning around to tell them to shut up. But it didn’t matter. There were better things to do and better places to do them. Soon they were leaving Yiannopoulos and his sycophantic assholes to their hatred, and, I suppose one could argue, their takeover of the Republican Party. Outside, Cleveland was still awake. Delegates were stumbling from bar to bar with drinks and cigars in hand. Street musicians were still banging drums and strumming guitars on the corners. And tucked into the corner of campus were a group of protesters displaying a banner: queers against racism. “We’re here,” they chanted, “we’re queer, your politics are really weird.” * * * And what would Trump be in charge of? Wednesday morning and another disaster. Pissed off by campaign manager Paul Manafort’s calling him a disgrace for not coming to the convention, Governor Kasich went straight to The New York Times and said he’d been approached about the VP job before Pence and that, included in the offer, was the possibility of being “the most powerful vice president in history.” Supposedly, Donald Trump Jr. had been in charge of the discussion and assured Kasich he’d be in charge of both domestic and foreign policies. And what would Trump be in charge of? “Making America great again.” Republican National Convention: Day One Photo: Getty Images Two days in and the legitimacy of the candidate and his campaign had been not just questioned but utterly undermined. The only thing more astounding than the revelation was the lack of concern the Trump operation showed or, in concert, how little his supporters cared. Meanwhile, the cover story for Melania Trump’s plagiarism had changed somewhere in the area of four separate times. It’d been a misunderstanding. A common mistake. A nonstory. Melania’s fault for writing the speech herself. And finally, mercifully, some speechwriter claimed responsibility, offered her resignation, but was given a reprieve. The story dominated the news cycle even two days later, taking any and all attention away from the unbelievable tale Kasich had gift-wrapped for the media. But there were other stories to tell. Like Trump Force One, Donald’s 757 campaign craft, coming in for a landing. All the news networks interrupted their coverage for close-ups of the plane entering the airspace. When it touched down, a delegate at the bar where I was having lunch and nursing an early beer applauded. Trump climbed out, said a few words with Pence, and then retreated to his private helicopter, also bearing his name, and choppered off for the city proper. As the helicopter disappeared into the distance, he clapped again. “There he goes,” he yelled, “the next president of the United fucking States.” * * * Some with guns and some with cameras. I’d been watching an argument between a man wearing a shirt that said you whore and his surrounding crowd, not to mention a whole host of other arguments in the vicinity. The altercations had devolved to the lowest common denominator. Ignorance and ad hominem attacks. Sullied and dirtied, I was mulling over whether people had a point when they said the system was beyond saving, that Trump represented a deep and buried psychological defect in the species, when a sound erupted, earning the attention of everyone in the vicinity. Some ducked. Some ran for cover. I hustled across the street, listening to a nearby officer say into his walkie-talkie that he’d heard a gunshot. A rush of people toward the sound, some with guns and some with cameras. When we got there, we found a car with a blown tire, the driver outside smoking a cigarette while police changed the tire to get the flow of traffic moving again. Inside the car, in the passenger seat, a smiling man displayed his photo ID to journalists asking how to spell his name. The job was done and the driver returned to the wheel and drove off into afternoon traffic. The crowd cheered the police and shook their hands as they got back to work. Let it be known: The assembled law enforcement in Cleveland, Ohio, were the only ones walking out of that mess with any dignity. Everybody else? Disgusting. The people antagonizing and harassing one another, the media gladly lapping it up, the Republican Party reveling in the slop its organization had become. The police were quick and well trained, and saved these people from themselves. The only hiccup I saw came that afternoon when the revolutionary group from earlier returned for an impromptu flag burning and officers crashed into the crowd to arrest the perpetrator despite it being a constitutionally protected right. Some argued it constituted a fire hazard, while for others it was free speech, but in the aftermath things got hairy. Just a few feet down the road, another spokesman for the group held court on the sidewalk, telling reporters and rubberneckers what they’d hoped to achieve—nothing less than a total overthrow of the system—before attempting to set fire to another flag. The police intervened again and this time clashed with the reporters covering the event, pushing them against barricades and parked cars. A fleeting moment, perhaps, an excusable trespass in the face of so much chaos and madness. I left feeling sore about it anyway, or maybe it was the drink I’d left behind when the sprinting swarm had raced past the bar and I’d had to chase after them. * * * Fuck Cruz. Aside from a Mike Pence speech only notable for being unnotable— other than a woman who lingered next to me on the street, craning her neck and saying, “He’s a good, good man, I can tell . . . maybe he should be president”—the real action Wednesday night was Ted Cruz’s address to a divided Republican house. Word had been spreading all week that a contingent of Cruz supporters, most of them wearing pins or medals bearing his campaign logo, had been making life hell for the pro-Trump crowd at every turn, including a tense moment when the Colorado delegation walked out of the convention following a contentious roll call that shut down the long-ballyhooed Never Trump movement in one fell swoop. Otherwise, Cruz supporters were throwing as many wrenches into the gears as they could find and generally making their disapproval known. The hope, in Trump circles anyway, was that Cruz would step up to the microphone Wednesday night and put to rest any rumor of division or rancor, a hope Cruz toyed with for the duration of his address. At times, he seemed right on the precipice of endorsing Trump, and the speech was finely tuned to stoke expectations, and then, as it wound its way to conclusion, and when it became apparent he wouldn’t endorse Trump that night, the audience booed the living hell out of him. Pence’s speech became an afterthought, even more so than it would’ve been anyway. In the bars and in the streets, all people could talk about was Cruz’s betrayal. “Fuck Cruz,” a man sitting at a nearby pub spit out, slapping the bar. A smiling female Cruz delegate passed by looking pleased, and the man repeated himself, saying, “Fuck Cruz,” and flipping her the bird. * * * I’ve always believed that when the devil’s at your door you have to tell him to get the fuck out. Thursday morning began with more news: Trump had declared he wasn’t sure he’d honor all of America’s NATO commitments. Reaction in the armed forces community was swift as commanders and strategists alike condemned any insinuation that we wouldn’t continue to support the very organization that had been on the front lines of the Cold War against the Soviet Union. Debate in the streets was less nuanced. Everywhere you turned, the residents of the polarized political spectrum were getting in their final licks. They argued about guns. Supply-side economics. Religion. Everything you could imagine. Cleveland Prepares For Upcoming Republican National Convention Photo: Getty Images I was watching two men disagree about Israel and Palestine when I caught wind of a pair of Trump supporters in hillary sucks but not like monica and donald fucking trump shirts orbiting a man sitting on one of the square’s steps. The rhetoric was heated and personal. “You’re a fucking scumbag,” one of them said, trying to intimidate the man. “Come on,” the resting man said. “You’re not going to do shit to me.” As the altercation got uglier, the men seemed to enjoy it more. They laughed to each other about the other man’s appearance, his perceived sexual orientation, called him a pedophile and shouted, “Everybody watch your kids, there’s a convicted pedophile over here!” Afterward I talked to both parties. The pair, Chris and Levi, were from Michigan and had driven down to antagonize protesters and for the Kid Rock concert that night. “This woman over here,” Levi said, gesturing to the man sitting feet away, “I’m trying to wake that idiot up. Soros is paying him and everybody else and they want my fucking money. They’re playing games and I want people to wake up. I don’t care if you puff peters or whatever, just get your hands off my paycheck.” Jimi Giannatti, a photojournalist out of Tucson, said the incident began when he interrupted another confrontation across the square and the men followed him back to that spot. He said a friend of his had been assaulted at a Trump rally. “I was at Kent State yesterday,” he said, “and getting yelled at by xenophobic, racist misogynists is nothing.” Asked why he was here, he paused. “I’ve always believed that when the devil’s at your door you have to tell him to get the fuck out.” * * * A Republican delegate... chatted with the bodyguards about the New World Order. By design, Thursday was intended to be Donald Trump’s victory lap, a chance for the insurgent to stick it in the eye of the establishment one last time and revel in his victory. Similarly, the crew at Infowars, a newmedia empire based in Austin, Texas, and built on the potent brew of paranoia and mainline capitalism, enjoyed a comparable celebration in Cleveland. Alex Jones, the pope of American conspiracy theories, had built an unlikely bridge between his fringe organization and the nominee of a major political party, cementing the strangest partnership in recent memory. The foundation was built by Roger Stone, a longtime Trump confidant and infamous Nixon ratfucker who did the old man’s dirty work with a smile on his face. Trump had gone so far as to appear on Jones’s show earlier in his campaign, and Jones had told those close to him that Trump had sought his counsel and was often pleasantly surprised to hear his words coming out of the candidate’s mouth. Jones and Roger Stone were inseparable at the convention and held numerous rallies and events where members of the alt-right and preppers alike mingled and cheered on the destruction of the so-called globalist forces. They were inescapable. Walking down the sidewalk, you’d suddenly get beaten by Jones’s voice machine-gunning out of a nearby speaker, or see any of the numerous Infowars shirts, including the now notorious hillary for prison one that everyone, conspiracy loon or otherwise, sported in the street. And then there were the operatives. You could hardly walk for running into wild-eyed young men carrying expensive camera rigs. They were at every protest event, filming the proceedings before interrupting by screaming random questions about Clinton’s emails, her ties to Saudi Arabia, her obvious lack of respect for the laws of the country. The latest was a rally run by the female antiwar group Code Pink, where a man identifying himself as a veteran trained his camera on the group and yelled “Bill Clinton likes to bite women!” Quickly he gained the attention of men nearby who told him to shut up and then the eye of his camera was turned their way. He was spotted again that afternoon at Roger Stone’s book signing on Media Alley, a bustling event where Stone, wearing a shirt calling Bill Clinton a rapist, partnered with Alex Jones in signing and addressing the adoring crowd. With a perimeter of ex-military bodyguards, Jones grinned ear-to-ear and delivered warnings to the global elite he and his supporters wanted to topple. Next to me, a Republican delegate on her way back to the convention chatted with the bodyguards about the New World Order, an illuminati plot destined to take over the world and enslave the majority of its people. Jones has dedicated his entire life to fighting this perceived threat and pontificates how globalists lace the drinking water with fluoride to hamper resistance and other plots that, to most, sound paranoid at best, but not that delegate who bragged that she had helped Trump land the Republican nomination. She handed Jones a book and when it came back with his and Stone’s signature, she hugged it to her chest and said, “I love you guys.” * * * I watched a pair of supporters in the crowd raise their arms multiple times in an unabashed Nazi salute. I’m not sure what I expected from Donald Trump’s acceptance speech. Walking from one protest to another, I’d read the transcript that’d been released to the press and found it to be the ugliest, darkest, most pessimistic view of America a candidate had probably ever offered from his party’s stage. It was pure Nixon, right down to Trump calling himself the candidate of “law and order,” only without Nixon’s limited charm. But watching it live in the middle of a crowd of supporters, it felt like an unwavering nightmare of racism, anger, and unrelenting fascism. The biggest cheers came from the trumpeting of “America First,” a slogan that closely mirrored the popular “Britain First” slogan that preceded both Brexit and the murder of politician Jo Cox in England, a slaying before which the perpetrator screamed that very phrase. And when Trump was introduced, I watched a pair of supporters in the crowd raise their arms multiple times in an unabashed Nazi salute. I was stunned. It was the type of gesture most Trump detractors could only assume his base would love to use, but here they were, in full view of the public, sieg-heiling the Republican nominee for president. Maybe I was naïve. Just the night before, conservative talking head Laura Ingraham had made headlines by offering what looked like, from an angle, the very same salute. I’d seen her in a bar a few hours later. She’d walked in and headed toward the back, a table full of Republican county officials yelling, “There’s Laura Ingraham! You kicked its fucking ass tonight! Mic drop! Laura Ingraham in the house!” Now there was no mistaking what I was watching. Even if there was a chance I had mistaken it the first time, they repeated the gesture when Trump assured the crowd: “I am your voice.” The rest of the speech is a blur now. Just thinking about Trump lording over the street on the electronic board, his orange face contorted in rage as his supporters cheered rabidly and greeted him as a führer, is enough to bring back a sense of nausea. Afterward, they were cheering in the pubs and on the sidewalks. In the distance, they set off fireworks that couldn’t be seen for the buildings lining the street. They boomed loudly, the sound echoing off the sides and rumbling like an angry god. A man walking ahead of me shoved his friend. “I’ve been waiting for this fucking thing my entire fucking life.” I thought of the caller from the radio show who’d feared the Republicans were going to burn Cleveland to the ground. The caller had had it wrong. They weren’t going to set any fires. The fire had been burning for years. * * * Excerpted from The People Are Going to Rise Like the Waters Upon Your Shore: A Story of American Rage, copyright © 2017 by Jared Yates Sexton. Reprinted by permission of Counterpoint Press.
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Forgot your password? Enter your email. All the parks and outdoor places in Parkapiki have been listed by people like you for people like you, creating a community connected simply by an appreciation for being outside. To list a park or outdoor place become a Parkpal (FREE); to list multiple parks and outdoor places become a Parkpal Pro
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Much of the evolution of the South Carolina General Assembly revolves around attempts by conflicting factions to preserve or gain an advantage in representation. For example, increasingly powerful Carolina-based leaders struggled with proprietary and royal authorities during the colonial era to establish the dominance of the Commons House of Assembly as a basis for political independence (1670–1776). Much of the evolution of the South Carolina General Assembly revolves around attempts by conflicting factions to preserve or gain an advantage in representation. For example, increasingly powerful Carolina-based leaders struggled with proprietary and royal authorities during the colonial era to establish the dominance of the Commons House of Assembly as a basis for political independence (1670–1776). For much of the following century, the burgeoning upcountry struggled against an entrenched lowcountry elite to increase its representation and influence in the legislature. In the social, economic, and political fallout during the decades after the Civil War, racial conflict dominated as a white minority struggled to maintain control of the General Assembly against the challenges of Reconstruction and the civil rights movement. After 1965, federally mandated redistricting and the creation of single member districts weakened rural delegations in favor of the state’s expanding urban and suburban population. In the earliest years of South Carolina, the Lords Proprietors exercised lawmaking and taxing powers granted them by the king of England to establish a New World colony. The proprietors lived in England, so they selected a governor and, along with major resident landowners, a Grand Council to conduct the affairs of the colony. The proprietors retained veto authority over any Grand Council action. The Grand Council consisted of three groups: representatives of the proprietors, ten colonists chosen by leading landowners to act as a kind of upper legislative house, and a lower or Commons House of Assembly, which consisted of twenty members chosen by the “freemen” of the colony. The Commons House could only discuss proposals from other parts of the Grand Council. After 1682, however, all three groups had to approve any act, thus letting the Commons House exercise legislative initiative. This arrangement stayed intact until the proprietors were overthrown early in the eighteenth century by the general dissatisfaction of the Commons House, which was irked that their legislative initiatives were consistently vetoed by the proprietors. Reestablished as a royal colony in 1719, a new legislative body was created consisting of two houses. An upper house was designated His Majesty’s Council (or Royal Council) and was composed of twelve persons appointed by the king to unlimited terms. The Commons House continued as a lower house, but this time with members elected by the colonists. To qualify as a Commons House member, one had to own five hundred acres and ten slaves or houses and town lots worth £1,000. Only adult white males could serve, and they did not have to be a resident of the parish from which they were elected. To be able to vote for a representative, one had to be a free white male, at least twenty-one years old who professed the Christian religion, a resident for one year, and own a freehold of fifty acres or pay twenty shillings a year in taxes to the colony. The governor was now sent over from England for the term of his service. The Commons House continued to gain political momentum during the colonial era, especially by insisting on the right to draft bills about money. The colony gradually became an independent place, made rich by self-made men who used the Commons House to promote their interests while protecting themselves against unwanted challenges from the enslaved population or Native Americans. From 1769 until the start of the Revolutionary War, the Commons House virtually ceased to function as a result of its involvement in the “Wilkes Fund Controversy.” John Wilkes attacked King George III in his newspaper and was charged with criminal libel. Wilkes became a symbol of the importance of a free press, of protection from unlawful arrest, and of the right of the people to elect any person “not disqualified” to Parliament. South Carolinians supported Wilkes, and the Commons House in 1769 authorized money to help him pay his debts—an act that was an affront to the king. In the aftermath, the Commons House deadlocked with the Royal Council, and civil government came to a virtual standstill. The first state constitution in 1776 established a two-house legislative branch. The lower house, with 202 members, was elected by eligible voters from election districts made up of the parishes of the now disestablished Anglican Church. The lower house elected a thirteen member upper house called the Legislative Council. Both houses elected a president, who served as governor with a veto power, but who could not be reelected. In 1778 a new constitution renamed the president as governor, called the upper house the Senate, and allocated additional lower house seats to the upcountry. Despite having a larger share of the state’s free population, the upcountry only received about forty percent of lower house seats. The political center of government remained in Charleston. In 1788 a state convention met in Charleston to consider ratification of the new U.S. Constitution. The delegates were selected in the same lowcountry-dominated proportions as seats in the General Assembly. The new constitution was ratified by the convention, with most lowcountry delegates supporting it and most upcountry delegates opposing. Upcountry interests immediately pressed for a new convention to deal with representation issues in the state. In the resulting 1790 constitution, counties became the basis for upcountry representation, while parishes remained the representation basis for the lowcountry. Both houses were elected by the people. The lower house was reduced to 124 members, a number which has continued to the present. The vote was still restricted to white males over twenty-one who owned fifty acres or a town lot. House members had to own five hundred acres and ten slaves; senators had to have twice these amounts. The General Assembly not only made laws, but elected the governor, judges, and many local officials. In the so-called Compromise of 1808, the representation arrangements were changed so that election districts would have one representative for 1/62 of the state’s population and one representative for 1/62 of its taxable wealth. Each election district would have one senator, except for the city of Charleston which would have two. By recognizing population, the upcountry gained a sixteen vote majority in the lower house and a one vote majority in the Senate. This legislative system continued until the Civil War. Federally appointed officials temporarily took control of the state after the Civil War. A fresh constitution was devised by whites in 1865, which differed but slightly from the 1790 version. Wealth and population continued as the basis for Senate and House members. Although qualified voters were allowed to elect the governor and presidential electors, the newly emancipated black population was barred from voting. The new General Assembly ratified the Thirteenth Amendment that ended slavery, but refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, which gave civil rights to blacks. In addition the assembly enacted Black Codes that severely limited the rights and privileges of African Americans in the state. In response Congress closed down the state government in 1867 and demanded a new constitution that would recognize the citizenship rights of black South Carolinians. The constitutional convention in 1868 was composed of seventy-six black and thirty-eight white delegates. Population alone became the basis for representation and the vote was provided for all males, regardless of race. The General Assembly struggled with issues such as funding a system of public education, rebuilding infrastructure, revitalizing the economy, and countering white opposition to Reconstruction. Spurred by the retreat of federal authority in the mid-1870s, white Democrats regained control of the General Assembly in 1876 and a one-party political system gradually emerged as a way to reestablish and ensure white supremacy. By 1890 South Carolina looked a lot like it would look in 1950. Agriculture had turned into an established sharecropping system dependent on cotton; the building of railroads had created a new “small town” elite; textile mills had begun to migrate south; and Republicans—the hated party of Lincoln—had virtually disap- peared from the state’s political landscape. Under these conditions, political conservatives—the elites and former Confederate leaders— came to prominence, but did little to relieve the discontent of white farmers who fumed over low prices, high interest and freight rates, and suspicion that the Conservatives were using black voters to stifle legislative responses to their needs. One leader, Benjamin R. Tillman, was able to articulate the farmers’ problems and set events in motion that produced yet another constitutional convention in 1895. The apparatus of government was not changed very much, but the politics were. One purpose was to get around the Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which gave blacks the right to vote. To counter this, white delegates inserted a clause in the new state constitution that limited the right to vote to adult males who had paid a poll tax six months before the election and who were not guilty of certain crimes. The assumption was that most poor persons, especially blacks, could not pay the tax that early and, even if they did, would not subsequently be able to save a receipt to prove it. Even after passage of the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920 extended the vote to women, the electorate in South Carolina remained restricted to “acceptable” whites and blacks. The continuation of counties as election districts gave rise to a “one county-one senator” system of representation in the General Assembly. The county, not population, was the basis for legislative representation. Each county was also apportioned at least one House member. In 1895 there were thirty-five counties. The number grew to forty-six by 1919. State senators dominated the politics and programs of their county through passage of annual “supply bills,” by which they controlled their county’s budget and most aspects of local government. Since no senator could oppose another’s supply bill without risking opposition to his own, legislative approval for a county’s schools, roads, courts, law enforcement, or other county purposes really rested in the hands of the senator. House members were dependent on what the senator wanted. As “emperors of a county-based empire,” state senators were extraordinarily powerful political figures well into the twentieth century and the linchpins of the one-party system. Senator Edgar Brown of Barnwell County is perhaps the most potent example of a dominant senator. Speaker of the House Solomon Blatt, also of Barnwell County, advanced rural power in the S.C. House by appointing only one member from each county to a committee, thereby assuring that small counties would outnumber urban counties in most instances. Blatt and Brown were referred to by their critics as the “Barnwell Ring,” but more realistically the reference was to a statewide, rural “ring” that excluded growing urban areas from meaningful political power. The power of rural delegations faced significant changes as national civil rights policies emerged. First the national Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended full voting rights to every individual regardless of race. An expanded electorate gradually demonstrated political success in gaining minority representation in the General Assembly. John Felder, Herbert Fielding, and I. S. Leevy Johnson, elected to the S.C. House in 1970, and I. DeQuincey Newman, elected to the S.C. Senate in 1983, became the first African Americans elected to the General Assembly in the twentieth century. Next the county delegation system was fundamentally altered by U.S. Supreme Court decisions that mandated population as the basis for representation and prohibited gerrymandering, the arrangement of political district boundaries for the advantage of a particular interest. New districts with equal population per legislator would now have to be drawn after each national census. In 1971 the House first reapportioned in a plan that retained one representative per county. The tactic did not pass federal courts and the House subsequently reapportioned into single member districts on the “one person, one vote” principle. The Senate in 1968 tried a plan of twenty multimember districts through which each senator represented approximately the same number of people. After the 1970 census, forty-six senators were elected from sixteen districts. After 1980, however, the Senate moved to single member districts. Election districts are adjusted every ten years to reflect changes in population. The redistricting decisions are in the hands of incumbent state legislators, although their decisions are subject to approval by the U.S. Department of Justice and have typically been challenged in federal courts. Since 2001, Republicans have had a majority in both houses and have allocated important committee assignments by party affiliation rather than by years of service. Legislative party caucuses have become more influential in raising campaign money. In addition to the Republicans and Democrats, African American legislators are organized into a separate caucus. The low number of women elected to the General Assembly continues as a topic of political comment by legislative observers. In 2003 only sixteen members of the General Assembly were women, the smallest percentage of female state legislators in the nation. Contemporary legislators are aided in their work by increased staff support, computer assisted bill management, and the use of individual offices. Annual sessions begin in January and continue until May or June. Many study committees continue throughout the interim. A new General Assembly is convened every two years after November elections in even numbered years. House members are elected for two-year terms and senators are elected for four years. Each must reside in the district from which elected. House members must be a qualified elector at least twenty-one years of age and senators must be twenty-five years old. Craven, Wesley F. The Southern Colonies in the Seventeenth Century, 1607–1689. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1949. Simkins, Francis Butler, and Robert Hilliard Woody. South Carolina during Reconstruction. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1932. Young, Richard D. A Guide to the General Assembly of South Carolina. Columbia: Institute of Public Affairs, University of South Carolina, 2000. Share This SC Encyclopedia Content: Citation Information The following information is provided for citations. • Article Title General Assembly • Author Cole Blease Graham, Jr. • Website Name South Carolina Encyclopedia • URL • Access Date May 20, 2019 • Publisher University of South Carolina, Institute for Southern Studies • Original Published Date May 17, 2016 • Date of Last Update January 22, 2019
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10 Things You Need to Know If You Have A Civil Judgment Entered Against You Civil Judgment Quite often I receive frantic phone calls from consumers stating that a civil judgment has been entered against them and now they want to know what their options are. So what exactly does it mean when a civil judgment is entered against you? I had the chance to discuss this topic on the New Urban Unlimited show with James Gore on 1150 am KKNW on July 16, 2016 which you can check out by clicking play on the MP3 player below. Additionally to summarize our conversation, here are 10 critical things you need to know about civil judgments in the state of Washington. 1. A civil judgment determines who is victor in a case and what the award is If a judgment has been entered in a civil lawsuit, it means that the court/jury has decided that one party to the case is the victor. Included in the judgment is the determination of which side prevailed, and how much money is owed from the judgment debtor to the judgment creditor. Also included are usually attorney fee’s, legal costs of filing the lawsuit and an interest rate that can accrue on the debt. 2. A civil judgment creditor can use local law enforcement to collect After winning a judgment, the creditor can file a write of garnishment and garnish wages, bank accounts or put a lien on your property. Additionally the creditor can schedule a supplemental hearing where they can make you show up in court and testify about your assets and their locations. If you don’t show up for this hearing post judgment, a bench warrant can be issued for your arrest. 3. A civil judgment can grow after it’s entered The costs, fees and sometimes the attorneys fees a creditor spends to collect a judgment get added to the judgment. Judgments accrue interest as well. In Washington, the statutory interest rate on judgments is 12%, even if no interest rate is listed. Often I see much higher interest rates included on default judgments up to 26% which can cause your debt load to grow rapidly. 4. civil Judgments appear on your credit report Any judgment entered against can appear in the public records section of your credit report. This item can bring your credit score down significantly and once a judgment is entered against you it may remain on your credit for several years, even if you satisfy the debt. The credit report would just be updated to “satisfied” and not removed permanently. Most debt collectors don’t report the debt to the credit bureaus, but rather the information is gathered from third party data aggregators who get the information from the court system. 5. Ignore the summons and complaint and you lose Unless you file a written answer with the court within 20 days of being served, a judgment can be entered against you without your side of the story. You should also send a copy of the answer to the attorney who sued you. All that due process requires is that you get good notice that you are being sued. Do nothing and the creditor wins. So what if you never got notice? See #6. 6. Default civil judgments may be set aside Anybody who doesn’t respond to a summons and complaint is subject to a default judgment, which means the party suing wins be default. Default judgments can be set aside, however judges are usually reluctant to grant such motions, especially if you admit to owing the debt. Any motions to set aside a judgment must be filed with the judge who entered the original judgment. If you have other debts you are dealing with you time and money might be better served hiring a bankruptcy lawyer to dispose of your debts or at a minimum negotiate a settlement on your behalf. 7. Civil judgments can be appealed A civil judgment isn’t final until the time period for an appeal has expired. Generally, you can appeal errors of law, but not the factual determinations that a trial court, or a jury, makes. You don’t get to introduce new evidence. This can also be costly as opposed to other alternatives such as bankruptcy. 8. Civil judgments entitle the creditor put a lien on your assets A judgment lien is an interest in your property that follows the property wherever it is transferred. The lien is only released by payment or agreement with the judgment creditor. This can be an issue when you go to try and sell your home or obtain a loan modification if a lien shows up on a title search and it has not been satisfied. 9. Civil judgments are dischargeable in bankruptcy Debts reduced to civil judgments can be eliminated in bankruptcy just as the debt that lies behind the judgment could. Bankruptcy looks at the nature of the debt behind the judgment to determine if you can escape it, not to the procedural status of the debt. Most judgments for debt collection are dischargeable in bankruptcy as well as for car accidents if the debt was incurred due to negligence. 10. Civil judgments can last a long time Civil judgments have a life span provided by state law. In Washington, a judgment lasts for 10 years and can be renewed at the end of that period. Therefore once you have a judgment entered against you it can last a long time and incur a large amount of interest. As you can see getting a civil judgment entered against you can have huge consequences and it should be avoided at all costs. If you live in Washington state and have additional questions about civil judgments, give Symmes Law Group a call at 206-682-7975 to learn about your options. Tagged with:
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From space, cities can look like microscopic living organisms, with bright nodes of industrial and civic activity connected by circulating routes of traffic and transport. Some cities are taking this analogy to a new level with an “urban metabolic” approach to planning. Inspired by the complex food-to-energy process of living organisms, the urban metabolic approach attempts to harness the output of one urban system, like solid waste management, to fuel another, like electricity generation. Since cities consume 75 percent of global resources, some experts see this lifecycle perspective as crucial to global sustainability. One city embodying this approach is İzmir, Turkey. The historic city on the Aegean coast has shown remarkable progress in opening up its public spaces to pedestrians and instituting sustainability goals. With the support from Dutch Creative Industries, WRI Turkey Sustainable Cities, the architecture and design company FABRICations, and the City of Izmir are working on a project to combine city cycling infrastructure with tourism, waste management and logistics services. One of the goals of the project is to produce maps showing pedestrian and resource flows throughout the city, which will feed into the city’s masterplan. Using the urban metabolic approach, the hope is that İzmir will not only ensure better infrastructure for its more than the 35,000 daily cyclists, but also provide better and more efficient services to business owners. The city can reduce the cost of various types of infrastructure and services through integrated, long-term planning. The urban metabolic approach encourages thinking through the whole lifecycle and general use of infrastructure, which results in fewer renovations, excavations and updates. With more bikes on the road and fewer cars, these initiatives can also decrease traffic, reduce air pollution and lower commute times. The Dutch support for this work has emerged in part because the city of Rotterdam is a leading example of urban metabolism in action. Project Atelier Rotterdam, a collaboration between the Municipality of Rotterdam and the International Architecture Biennale Rotterdam, mapped the flow of various resources in and out of the port city: goods, people, waste, biota (plants and animals), energy, food, fresh water, sand, clay and air. While most of these flows are separate from one another, the project team devised a strategy for the city to employ a circular economy, integrating some flows with each other to increase environmental and economic performance. The team developed four specific strategies to harness Rotterdam’s urban metabolism: - Collecting resources from waste and food, including aquafarming to harness phosphate runoff, protein harvesting for urban farming inputs and trading in e-waste at the supermarket. - Creating more natural infrastructure to increase water storage, utilize the green space under high-voltage wires and encourage oyster banks along dykes. - Channeling waste from energy generation to heat homes and capture, store and re-use carbon dioxide. - Catalyzing re-industrialization through a new multi-modal transport network, distribution hubs and remaking three boulevards to encourage mixed business, residential and tourist uses. The project has made an impact on the Dutch government at various levels. To reduce motorized freight traffic through the city center, Rotterdam is building a new, multi-modal inner ring road, the e-loop, which connects major transport hubs. Three cargo hubs will connect the e-loop, road network and waterway where goods can be distributed through a network of boats, bicycles, electric delivery vans, cargo lockers and pick-up points. The e-loop will not only form the backbone of goods distribution but make it easier for people to get around (the vision is that most will travel via small-scale electric vehicles) and create social hubs around major transport centers. In all, the e-loop is expected to provide substantial social, economic and environmental benefits to Rotterdam, including reduction in the use of raw materials, carbon dioxide emissions and congestion; improvements in air quality; and new jobs. Rotterdam’s extensive mapping of resource flows and İzmir’s budding metabolic cycling network show the potential for this new approach to urban planning and design, one that regards cities as living bodies. There’s much that cities around the world can learn from these projects and their methods of re-using, recycling or otherwise harnessing resource outputs and feeding them back into the urban system. Hande Dönmez is Strategic Communications Coordinator at WRI Turkey Sustainable Cities Çiğdem Çörek Öztaş is Urban Development and Accessibility Manager at WRI Turkey Sustainable Cities.
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'Grit and gumption' Nadia Anwer reviews the Indian and Pakistani print media after Sonia Gandhi's Congress party scored a stunning surprise victory in India's general elections The Hindustan Times (India) The outcome in [the Indian province of] Gujarat, where the Congress [party] has re-established itself, is a signal that [Gujarat's chief minister] Narendra Modi is not an option to Mr Vajpayee. In some ways, the vote was not so much against Mr Vajpayee's policies, but an expression of the impatience of the people who want to better their condition now. Given the role the Congress president played in her party's remarkably improved fortunes, there are no doubts now that the prime ministership of the country is Ms Gandhi's for the asking. She was the party's ideologue, chief manager, star campaigner and also its lightning rod. ... How a Congress-Left tango will work at the centre, of course, depends on how the two parties manage their differences - which essentially boils down to economic policies. Both the members of this coalition will need to temper their individual policies (on labour reforms, for instance) and will have to meet midway. But in such a journey, it is quite clear who will be in charge of the ship. For the Congress-led coalition, this is as good as it gets in the world of realpolitik. The new government must be stable, able and wise Rediff.com (India) AB Vajpayee may have been the BJP's biggest mascot, but he was also their liability, in a sense. The trappings of office and security kept him a safe distance from the people, whose vote he sought, while the Gandhis were not constrained one bit despite the continuing security threat perception to their lives Over the last few years the BJP crowed that it had played the Congress strategy better. Although it was the Congress government that introduced economic reforms, it fought shy of claiming credit for it, and allowed the BJP to run away with it. The Congress indulged in soft communalism, the BJP played hardball with it. And, the clincher for the BJP was the Congress's failure to acknowledge its shrinking base and tie up with regional parties How did Sonia manage the near impossible? Times of India Rural drought and unemployment undid the fortunes of many smug incumbents basking in the surreal sun of "India Shining". In other words, the track record of the incumbent governments was also an important factor. To the extent Sonia Gandhi - reviled and abused by her opponents and dismissed as a political neophyte by the all-knowing pundits in the media - grasped this message, the credit for the unlikely victory should certainly go to her. Rising from political wilderness, the Sonia-led Congress showed that it had the grit and the gumption to be the engine of change. Which is why the emphatic nature of the verdict leaves little doubt about who should lead the government Congress win symbolises the yearning for change Dawn Editorial (Pakistan) One very important reason for the BJP's defeat was that the masses strongly felt that they had been left out by the country's economic boom. As the champion of the free market economy, the BJP came to be seen as being responsible for the growing poverty of the rural masses. Congress was quick to capitalise on the situation and focused its campaign on the 300 million poor and projected itself as the party of the masses. India's stunning poll results News International The outgoing prime minister was seen here as a highly successful chief executive mainly because he had overcome years of tension and bitterness between the two neighbours. But evidently no one in Pakistan counted for the economy, which was one of the weaker aspects of the Vajpayee government, and the violence which was rampant during his regime, particularly the bloody anti-Muslim riots in Gujarat, which were badly managed. Pakistan's leaders will now have to contend with a prime minister who will follow the tough tradition set by former prime ministers Indira Gandhi and her son Rajiv Gandhi. India upset
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Guildford Astronomical Society Dr Ghina M. Halabi Ghina Halabi - Credit: Ghina HalabiGhina Halabi Credit: Ghina Halabi Ghina M. Halabi, BSci., MSci., PhD, is a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Institute of Astronomy and a Junior Research Fellow at Wolfson College, University of Cambridge. She is the first person to obtain a PhD in Astrophysics from a Lebanese institution, the American University of Beirut, where she worked as a lecturer before coming to Cambridge. Her PhD investigated the lives of stars and the formation of the chemical elements in the Universe. She is a mentor, educator, blogger, TEDx speaker and a published scholar. She is an invited speaker and panellist at several international astronomy conferences and interdisciplinary forums. As a member of the United Nations Space for Women Project, she advocates gender equality in STEM. She frequently engages in outreach projects including the Cambridge Science Festival. She is the founder of “Scheherazade Speaks Science”, a science platform to improve the representation and visibility of female scientists. DateTalk at GAS meeting 1 Nov 2018The intimate lives of stars Stars are our intimate connection with the cosmos and exploring them is an exploration of our own cosmological heritage. They live eventful lives then fade away and die, donating matter back to the Universe, matter which may form new stars and planets one day. How do we study them? What do we know about them and what mysteries do they still hold? That’s what the talk will unfold.
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University of Missouri Extension G5453, Reviewed February 1995 Starting a Fire in a Wood Stove James Pastoret School of Natural Resources People who are dissatisfied with wood stoves say they're dissatisfied because of the hassles and problems they have when starting fires in them. Starting a fire in a wood stove is a considerable undertaking when compared to starting a fire in a gas or oil furnace. They require only turning up the thermostat. For best results in starting a wood fire, you should have a well-thought-out "standard operating procedure." How to start a wood-stove fire Diligent wood-stove operators have all the necessary firestarting materials readily available at the stove site. Materials include newspaper, 2-inch cardboard strips, kindling, small pieces of cordwood and matches. Separate four or five full pieces of newspaper. Bunch and compress some newspapers and lay them on the bed of the fire box just in front of the door. Lay a few 2-inch strips of cardboard on top of the newspaper, and place several pieces of small kindling wood or dry bark on top of the cardboard. Finally, place one or two small pieces of cordwood split to about a 2-inch diameter on top of the pile. Open the stove vent as far as it will go and light the fire (Figure 1). Layer materials to start a fire Figure 1 Layer materials to start a fire. After the cordwood pieces have ignited and burned for several minutes, add one or two larger pieces of wood. It's a good idea to turn and bunch the burning debris together before adding the larger pieces. Keep the air vents open for several minutes or until the larger pieces are well ignited. Then adjust the vents according to the desired heat output of the stove. In terms of flammability, cardboard strips about 2 inches wide and 6 to 8 inches long are good materials. You can start most fires without cardboard, but if you have cardboard boxes around the house, this is a useful way to get rid of them. The cardboard cuts up easily if you use a bread knife with a serrated edge. Studies show cardboard probably produces a faster and more positive start up. Other factors Exceptions to the standard procedure exist. Most of the factors discussed in the following section apply to conventional airtight wood stoves but not necessarily to stoves with a catalytic combustor. Experienced and knowledgeable wood-stove operators know they can be confronted with variable factors when starting a fire. Some variables include: You can check the general draw of a stove any time by simply opening the stove door and striking a match. If a good draw exists, the flame will bend toward the fire box and may even be blown out by the strength of the air movement. On the other hand, the match may indicate a negative draw, and the flame will bend away from the fire box. If little or no draw exists, the match will burn easily, and the flame will remain upright. Difficult situations We have identified three basic elements that control draw in a wood stove. They, in turn, control the stove's ability to heat. The elements are: If the elements are all favorable, you should have no trouble with the draw, assuming the chimney is properly designed and built. If all the elements are unfavorable, it probably would be wise to turn to your alternative heat source on that day. However, if you have no alternate source, you may be forced to try to start a fire under unfavorable conditions. On a cold, calm day you may find it difficult to light a fire because there's no wind passing over the top of the chimney. If you were to try the match "flame" test, you may find a negative pressure present. The question is, "How do I start a fire under these conditions?" We assume you have plenty of dry materials. You must emphasize the large temperature differential between inside and outside temperatures. Remember, hot air rises in a proportionate manner — the greater the temperature differences, the faster the rate of rising. In this case, rather than trying to start the fire in a conventional way, wad five or six sheets of newspaper and place the wad below the stovepipe leading into the fire box. Ignite it (Figure 2). The paper will burn rapidly, warming the chimney. This creates a positive draw. Quickly add more paper and fine kindling. This heats the chimney more and eventually establishes a favorable situation for a continued fire. The temperature differential between the inlet air at the vent (assume 70-degrees room temperature) and the temperature at the top of the chimney (assume zero-degrees design temperature) is 70 degrees before the fire is started and is 800 degrees to 1,000 degrees after the fire is established. Once the fire is going and you have accumulated some hot coals, you will find the fire will require more frequent attention on a day of this type. Ignite a wad of paper to start a fire when fire-starting conditions are unfavorable Figure 2 Other suggestions and strategies G5453 Starting a Fire in a Wood Stove | University of Missouri Extension University of Missouri Extension - print indicia
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[Scribus] Lazy question Howard White scribus Wed Feb 1 23:26:32 CET 2006 >I supose this is buried in the docs somewhere but allow me a lazy >man's question: >Is there a reasonably convenient way to shape text aganst a curved >or irregular graphic? Something like this: >I see both book covers and cocktail table book interiors with this 1. Select image frame (with image in it). In Properties/Shape, use Edit Shape to create shape around desired area. 2. Then, still in Properties/Shape, select Text Flows around Frame/Use Contour Line. It helps in editing the shape if you have some notion of using the tools therein. More information about the scribus mailing list
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Siddhi is produced by sadhana. The former term, which literally means success, includes accomplishment, achievement, success, and fruition of all kinds. A person may thus gain siddhi in speech, siddhi in mantra, etc. A person is siddha also who has perfected his spiritual development. The various powers attainable namely, anima, mahima, laghima, garima, prapti, prakamya, ishitva, vashitva, the powers of becoming small, great, light, heavy, attaining what one wills, and the like are known as the eight siddhi. The thirty-ninth chapter of the Brahmavaivarta Purana mentions eighteen kinds, but there are many others, including such minor accomplishments as nakhadarpana siddhi or nail-gazing. The great siddhi is spiritual perfection. Even the mighty powers of the eight siddhi are known as the lesser siddhi, since the greatest of all siddhi is full liberation (mahanirvana) from the bonds of phenomenal life and union with the Paramatma, which is the supreme object (paramartha) to be attained through human birth.
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Wednesday, May 30, 2012 "So what's it like...?" In the past just-over-three months, many friends and acquaintances have all asked me the same question: "So what's it like, working at Kotaku?" In terms of the day-to-day details, my colleague Kirk Hamilton's look at a week in the life is, while obviously different in the details, pretty similar in the big picture. Yes, it's frustrating dealing with the comments, and with the darker side of gamer culture. But while I loved cultivating an audience here and curating my own discussions, and while I've loved guest posting at The Border House and so on, this castle is safe. It's a place where I built the walls and set the terms. And the end result is that the vast majority of the time, I preach to the choir. My words fall on ears primed to be receptive. I love you guys, but you don't really need my message. Kotaku readers do. The comments can be massively discouraging. And on a piece like Patricia's recent forte, they are downright disgusting. We all know this script: writer dares to point out instance of sexism or racism, writer faces enormous backlash, the worst core of nerd culture throws a tantrum. A week later it's all died down but that writer, particularly but not exclusively if the writer is a woman, a person of color, or identifies anywhere under the LGBT umbrella, faces a more hair-trigger audience every time because now they're "oversensitive." A tussle with David Jaffe's fanbase is entirely not how I would have preferred to start this segment of my career. The after-effects of that one still sting. But the problematic language, behaviors, and culture aren't going to go away by everyone nicely not saying anything about them. It's hard. Sometimes it's exhausting and sometimes it's deeply, truly scary. But that's what fighting the good fight is, I guess. It's going where you're needed, and not where you're comfortable. So it's one of those instances where if I'm pissing off some people, I must be on the right track.** For what it's worth, I've gotten some tremendously uplifting tweets and e-mails from readers in the last three months. I try to respond to them all, although I'm dreadful when faced with a sea of e-mail, and I save them. My favorite still was from a grandmother in her sixties, discussing my opinion piece on the ending of Mass Effect 3.*** As for the rest of it? I was something like 17 when I thought, "I am going to go to E3 someday." That particular goal was long-gone from my agenda by the time I was graduating from college. And yet here I sit now, in 2012, with a flight to catch to LAX at the crack of dawn on Sunday morning. It's both wonderful and horribly intimidating that people care what I think. And not just the people who play the games, but the people who make them. I make an off-the-cuff tweet about a game and find it picked up by the studio director, the game's producer, and lead the combat designer. I still feel like a jackass of a name-dropper sometimes when I listen to myself describe who I talked with in a given day, and yet that's how my days go. What a weird reality. With great power comes great responsibility, and so on. I try hard to improve the silence when I speak, or at least not to be a jerk. Sometimes, no matter how good my intentions, I fail. But I like to think that on the whole I do all right. Working at Kotaku is the most terrifying and exhausting job I've ever had, and over the past few months I've been falling completely in love with it. I'm a classic introvert who's never particularly sought the spotlight, so sometimes I really need to try hard not to think about how big a megaphone I have. And then sometimes it's a crazy rush. When I was live-blogging the Mass Effect panel at PAX East, in the software we were using I saw the number of concurrent viewers just keep climbing sky high. Stephen, my boss, looked at the massive and passionate crowd and joked, "So hey, no pressure..." But when that viewer counter hit 20,000, instead of thinking, "oh shit, don't screw up, don't screw up," I did a mental cackle and thought to the universe, "BRING IT." I'm trying to channel the "Bring it!" me more often. I've realized recently that my approach to the way I play games says a lot about my approach to most things. In the bazillion rounds of ME3 multi I've played, I always play infiltrator. I max my tactical cloak, my defense, and my damage. I take very few shots, as compared to the other three players in any round, but even if I only have the 25 kills badge, I will have guaranteed 10 or 20 headshots. I pick and choose, carefully, and aim to be effective when I act. Kotaku... isn't like that. It's a constant stream of acting, a constant need not only to be aware of my surroundings but able to leap up and take action on anything at any time. While I do consider myself adaptable and pretty good at making plans on the fly, the incredibly short turnaround from thought to action has been a challenge for me. I've also been dealing with the difficulties of removing the line between my private and professional lives. It's easy, when you go to an office and people call you Katherine and you do one clearly defined job, and then you go home and turn on your laptop and talk with people about the games you play, and those people call you Kate. It's a little messier when you leave Katherine and the office behind you entirely, and when Kate sits down at her gaming PC every morning at 9:00 and proceeds to work until the work is done. When replies to my tweets don't just come from a core 150 or so people with whom I've formed some kind of relationship, but from 700 or 800 people I've never heard of. When I have to create two different Facebook accounts, because I don't want the potential crazy from my work to spill over and bother my family. (My spouse and in-laws didn't choose this. I did.) In another way I really like it, because I'm allowed to be more honest. During a work-day in the old office, I was sitting there thinking (and occasionally writing) about games and other geeky things, but I never could say so. Not a soul I worked with spoke the language of Internet at all, where to me it's become a mother tongue. I wanted to be writing but I had to make it a lower priority. Now, if I think a game is awesome or a trailer is terrible, I switch to the tab with work chat in it and I say, "Wow, that Hitman: Absolution trailer with the 'nuns' is fucking abominable," or I say, "I really hope this Larian game comes out well." And then I go tell the world whatever I'm thinking, too. That part's awesome. But it's still an adjustment. I have learned more since February than I could even have imagined, and I imagined I'd learn rather a lot. There's a whole language still to absorb, about games I've never played in genres I've never been interested in. I've been taking on new challenges in more ways than one. My parents always said I was probably going to grow up to be a writer. None of us could ever have foreseen exactly how that would end up playing out. This never was my dream job, because until the last year or two, it never even occurred to me to dream it. The idea was just too farfetched. And yet, here I am. What a rush. ** This is not to imply that I want to piss off everyone. Not only am I conflict-averse, but there are some people out there who I respect enormously, and when I receive negative feedback or criticism from them I immediately feel dreadful and desperately try to re-evaluate. Luckily, those folks still seem, in the main, to think that I'm doing okay. Knock on wood... *** And, look, not gonna lie, I'm still absolutely tickled pink about this. 1. You're the only reason I read Kotaku, I'm not going to lie. I don't read the comments, but I can only imagine. Keep fighting the good fight -- you're amazing! 2. Even the greatest strike out once in awhile. You're batting pretty damn well as far as I've been able to tell. I can read Kotaku without cringing thanks to the change since you and your fellow new hires showed up, and that is no small thing. Contributing to comments, or even reading them is still a bridge too far for me, but I didn't think it would get even this far, so I'm prepared to be proven even more wrong! 3. Kate, there's a professional reason and a personal reason on why I was excited you got this gig. Personally, it's a friend of mine who is awesome who got an awesome gig. Professionally, and more important than my own reasons, a major media outlet for the art form I dedicated my life to practice has a voice attuned to the voices and issues beyond Caucasian cisgendered male. Border House is 100% focused on these issues and I don't want to diminish that. But your roll at Kotaku brings that perspective in the general diaspora. You help make issues of diversity important as a constant beacon effecting the larger community, not just the weekly or monthly check-in. You are not the only person I know who does this, and there needs to be more people, but you are a very significant one. These reasons are why I am extremely proud of you and your work. Keep up the good work Kate, and don't let the commenters get you down. 4. I don't read regularly read kotaku (or much of any gaming sites), and I doubt I ever will. But I'm just really excited about how much you're enjoying it. Please be careful about burnout and don't work yourself into the ground, ok? Also, I hope the love lasts forever. 5. yes! Kotaku needs you! But it also sounds exhausting. In our martial arts class, sometimes it takes years to get students to that point. Fantastic!
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Add Explanation Add Meaning New! Read & write lyrics explanations • Highlight lyrics and explain them to earn Karma points. Maino – Never Gon' Stop lyrics I guess this what they cause it I gotta stand talking full of get a... I ain't never gon stop now No I ain't never gon stop now I'm a victim of the game They only got a rule that I'm tryin to maintain And I'm never gon stop now Now I'm never gon stop now It is... Your trap is a success the money a stress The ups and downs, the jury on my neck The hate, the love, the tattoos on my flash The club, the drug, the liquor on my breath My haters on my... The groupies in my room I hate to be in lames, uncomfortable with goons I try to be the... Just still I... People say I'm 80 behind my successful My friends... My homies in the... You could feel my pain and it gonna feel the... The critics say I'm fly but my... Say a million My baby mama flippin say this game maybe different To me and my trippin too much too sippin Wakin up and tellies too many different women Looking I'm living The parties the drinking I'm high, I'm low, oh no I'm thinking The cause, the clothes, the friend, the hoes My blood, my swept, my tip, ym soul The truth, the lies, the songs, The... I'm happy,... What happen my life I'm got up in this world I feel me... And see my son in weeks And see my family neither 'Cause people say I'm changing My enemies is... They can't believe I'm famous Am I really winnin 'cause I can take you loses Another girl is pregnant that's one more portion Catch me 'cause I'm fallin I hear thing callin But tell me why I'm spillin like my life is in the tall in Tell me who to trust I don't know who... I don't know who's... I don't know if this... I don't know if this a fan or a... Tryin to kill me Thinking to myself it was easy before Got in the game but it got all complicated The joy, the pain, the hook, the game Stage the lights, they yelling my name Tryin bell this... I don't... To stand like I don't know what plus my cousin please why you takin so light Well I'm feeling like it was simple and it was pour Baby I'm alcoholic lately I've been drinking more Lately I've been feeling stressed what it got... Damn what a life this gonna be the captain... Lyrics taken from • Email • Correct Write about your feelings and thoughts Min 50 words Not bad [an error occurred while processing the directive]
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Different types of intimate, love relationships in the world Published (13 October 2016) Relationship is an important factor in human life. Passing through the whole life span human being involved in different types of relationship like friendship, love relationship, blood connection and marital relationship. Relationship is important to make a family. For example, marital and blood relationship is must to form a family. Image By Alal Mahmud Different types of marital relationship Marriage is a social factor that bind spouses in a relationship. There are different types marriage practicing all over the world. MonogamyMonogamy is a type of marriage in which a person get single marriage at a time. It may be two types Serial monogamy and non serial monogamy. Serial monogamy in which a men remarry When wife is divorced or death. Non serial monogamy is a type of marriage in which a person do not get remarried either death or divorce of partner. PolygamyWhen a men get more than one married at a time, it called polygamy marriage. This type of marriage is available in this present world.There are two types of polygamy marriage in the world. They are sororal polygamy and non sororal polygamy. When a men marry two sister at a time its called sororal polygamy and a men marry other women at a time its called non sororal polygamy. PolyandryPolyandry is a type of marriage in which a women takes more than one husband at a time. There are two types of polyandry marriage. They are fraternal polyandry and non fraternal polyandry. When a women share two brothers at a time its called fraternal polyandry and an women marry two men at a time who are not brothers, its called non fraternal polyandry. Group marriageWhen a group of men and women marriage themselves its called group marriage. In group marriage all members can set up sexual relationship among them. group marriage is legally permitted in some region of the world. Child marriageWhen an immature spouses get marry called child marriage. Child marriage is illegal in most country of the world. Force marriageWhen a marriage is held despite of the unacknowledged of a party is called force marriage. In force marriage, the marriage is not complete depend on mutual understanding. Force marriage is practicing some region of the world. Love marriageWhen a couple are acknowledged to get married as their own will is called love marriage. This couple must have a love relation for a love marriage. Love marriage is most happened marriage all over the world. Because people want to marry a person whom he knew before marriage. Arrange marriageArrange marriage is done by the choice of family members of both spouses. Spouse's opinion is must be considered in arrange marriage. Arrange marriage is the recognized way of marriage all over the world. Court marriageWhen a marriage is organized on the basis of common law of a state or country is called court marriage or common law marriage. When there have been any conflict about the marriage it should complete this marriage on the basis of common law.
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Typicial Local Haitian Dishes The traditional food served in Haiti has been influenced by French, African, and Native American styles of cooking. Tropical fruits such as pineapples, mangoes, and grapefruits are often included in dishes. Creole dishes found in Haiti are very similar to the creole dishes found in the Southern United States. Haitian food tends to be heavy and full of starches like potato. Rice, beans, and potatoes make up a large portion of the average Haitian’s diet and can be found in most dishes. Rice and Beans This is a staple food of many Caribbean countries, including Haiti. While this dish may not sound particularly exciting to foreigners, it has a distinct flavor and may quickly become a favorite of a traveler. The dish includes rice, red kidney beans, onions, and usually either pork or bacon pieces. Other flavors are added depending on the person making the dish. Hot sauce is often added to create a spicier flavor. This is a common appetizer dish in Haiti. While a very basic dish, it is very flavorful and filling. A dough is made and then baked with a beef mixture inside. The beef mixture usually includes garlic as well as a few vegetables, often shallots and parsley. Many people add hot sauce to their patties for extra spice. Squash soup, called Soup Joumou in French, is a filling soup that is served either as a main dish or as a side. This soup usually includes beef and/or chicken as well as potatoes, noodles, carrots, spinach, and scallions. This soup is sometimes made with pumpkins instead of squash. Fish is a very common food in Haiti because of their location. Fish is usually boiled and sometimes grilled. Various vegetables such as carrots, shallots, and parsley are included depending on who is making the dish. The fish is usually served with tomato sauce as a flavoring. As with many dishes, hot sauce is often added to give the dish more flavor. Sweet Potato Pudding This pudding is made of sweet potatoes, milk, flour, nutmeg, and brown sugar. It is very filling and seet. Its a lot like sweet potato pie in the United States.
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Discussion in 'Current Affairs, News and Analysis' started by pombsen-armchair-warrior, Jun 21, 2007. Welcome to the Army Rumour Service, ARRSE The UK's largest and busiest UNofficial military website. The heart of the site is the forum area, including: 1. MoD PFI Projects, the most recently delivered probably being Colchester, with ALLENBY/CONNAUGHT (SPTA) in progress, and DTR (St Athan) just signed off, deliver both Hard (buildings/grounds) and Soft (catering, security, tpt etc) services. Key features of these projects are: Capital expenditure (eg the cost of building) is generally funded through a private consortium, with perhaps some trade off in terms of land transfer, (from MoD to the contractor to build private housing etc) being used to offset this. Through-life expenditure (eg the cost to maintain and refresh the buildings and provide the soft services throughout the life of the contract) is funded through (generally) monthly payments from MoD to the contractor - in other words a mortgage payment. They are generally fully serviced contracts (we occupy the buildings, the contractor owns and services them, and provides all the aforementioned soft services). As Lord Drayson and his merry crew know only too well from their procurement experiences, the initial capital cost of a project comprises about 10% of the total whole life costs of a project. Crucially, the support (services) element costs about 90%, and it is this that we pay little by little each month, over a very long period of time, in order to maintain the contract. You might argue, therefore, that it is the contractor who is taking the least risk and most gain, with the opposite pertaining for the MoD. Putting that to one side, however, the fact remains that, because the Treasury is unwilling to commit capital expenditure to replace ageing infrastructure, we are taking a huge risk on our ability to sustain the military machine into the future. That is not to say PFI does not bring huge immediate benefits, providing modern fit for purpose barracks and facilities in a relatively short period of time, ones that are guaranteed to be serviced and maintained properly over their life span. Why the risk however? Because these long-term contracts, with the profit element for the contractor, have to be serviced (ie mortgage paid) for the life of the contract. This is all well and good at the moment but as the economy tightens, and the Treasury gets tough in future spending rounds, efficiencies (cuts) will have to be found. The sting in the tail is from where these cuts are to be made. We cannot take from the PFI pot - it is ring-fenced. Other Govt depts are going to be struggling just as equally, some with their own PFI crocodiles. That leaves only three options - pay, equipment, and infrastructure outside of the PFI arena. So back to the question? Is our feeding frenzy at the PFI table really worth it, or are we really bringing forward future expenditure to make ourselves comfortable, and consigning our successors to a period of famine? 2. PAW, You 'orrible little man. I want 100 lines of "I must not, under any circumstances, question the decisions of Our Beloved Leader Gordon Brown...!" by first thing tomorrow. And then I want you down and giving me 20 Hail Marys. 3. You didn't bite, PAW..... I agree with your post as PFI has all the hallmarks of an almight cockup - but 10 years hence! The people signing these cheques today have no idea of the damage that they are doing downstream - and they don't care, because it is today that matters, not tomorrow. They are hoping that the Government will then bail out the Services. Except the Government of the day, of whatever colour, will be busy trying to meet all the education, health, legal and defence bills that have just dropped through the letterbox. Frankly, we are in a mess now and still digging! 4. It reminds me of Leeds United spending millions on the back of potential future ticket sales. 5. You have over looked one thing, you still have the guns, so when the debt collectors try to repossess the Army....don't let them. 6. On the button Pomsen. If anyone has not read it, may I commend David Craig's book Plundering the Public Sector which deals mainly with the way in which the taxpayer is being ripped off by up to £70 Billion per year in consultants and failed IT projects but he deals very lucidly with the frightening consequences of PFI at chapter 7 of his book. I have hyperlinked the title so you can read the reviews. PFI was the brainchild of Peter (Two Brains) Willetts whose idea emerged as a pamphlet for the Social Market Foundation think-tank entitled: 'The Opportunities for Private Funding in the NHS'. It was first announced byTory Chancellor Norman Lamont in his 1992 Autumn statement amid the gloom of a recession and in the shadow of the Tory Government's colossal losses on Black Wednesday on the money markets. Two years after Lamont launched it, Ken Clarke became very aware of it's potential for the private sector to drain the Treasury dry and in opposition, New Labour thoroughly understood it's limitations but nevertheless not only applied it, but expanded it to such an extent that by 2005 it became a central plank of of Government's Policy. Thus it is that you have, in reality, a Conservalabourtive policy which will lead, regardless of the outcome of an election by any party to a financial disaster. 7. with you both there PAW, Iolis. ...your name is Mary? :? ;) 8. Some years hence when the brown stuff is really sticking to the fan, the government of the day will no doubt declare a national state of emergency and requisition what it wants for military/public order requirements with no compo to the PFI interests [owners?]. In WWII, Southwick [HMS Dryad] was requisitioned from the old girl who owned it and was never handed back and of course there are other precedences. Far fetched? Maybe not........ 9. Litotes, I may have risen to the bait but I've been a little busy over the last few days arranging my exit plan from the MoD.
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What is Big Think? We are Big Idea Hunters... Big Think Features: 12,000+ Expert Videos Watch videos World Renowned Bloggers Go to blogs Big Think Edge Find out more Today's Big Idea: Culture War The Big Idea for Friday, July 27, 2012 One of the more painful growing pains of globalization comes from the clash of cultural values that ensues when formerly isolated and disparate cultures meet on the global stage. Recent decades have seen renewed tensions between western-style democracy and radical islam, between the US and China, between those who support multiculturalism and those who fear its threat to cultural traditions. Internally, Modern China embodies in microcosm the tensions of globalization. Its state-run, tightly controlled economy is rapidly modernizing, making it difficult for the ruling party to control citizens' access to the internet and Western ideas of individual freedom. Yet the party is determined to do so, jailing dissidents and prosecuting citizens for threatening to undermine the authority of the state. Artist Ai Weiwei, named 2011's "most powerful artist in the world" by ArtReview magazine, is the flip side of this coin – a Beijing resident and a huge presence on the international stage, Ai regularly provokes the wrath of the Chinese government by exposing its hypocrisy and corruption. He has been detained, interrogated, sued, and harassed, but continues his all-out assault on state-sponsored oppression. 1. 1 F*** You, Motherland – Ai Weiwei's Mission to Save China From Herself Jason Gots Think Tank 2. 2 Chance Encounters: An Interview With Ai Weiwei Documentary Filmmaker Alison Klayman An Phung Think Tank 3. 3 Will Pornography Create More Freedom In Pakistan? An Phung Think Tank 4. 4 Is France's Burqa Ban Racist? David Hirschman Think Tank Today's Big Idea: Culture War Newsletter: Share:
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Tuesday, 25 November 2014 Good Cadre, Bad Cadre, ICBMs The big news of the day was that the cadres have been allocated. The allocations were as per calculations/estimations and were more or less a confirmation of the expected cadre. Are the OTs happy? Are they disappointed? What is a good cadre or a bad cadre? Do they even exist? One of the Phase 5 seniors with whom we interacted was of the opinion that a 'good' cadre and a not so 'good' service is preferable to a 'good service' and a 'bad' cadre. Another senior officer was of the opinion that AGMUT is a 'good' cadre in that if one falls afoul of the political dispensation at power, one can always move to another state within AGMUT and bide one's time whereas in any other cadre one is stuck with that dispensation. Then there is the whole aura of the home cadre. One supposedly gains 12 inches in height if one is allotted the home cadre. Or not. The most advantageous thing that I see of being allocated the home cadre is that one could be close to home (duh!), dig one's roots deeper in to the soil. Good or bad is relative, of course. There are OTs disappointed even though they got 'good' cadres and vice versa. Truth be told, no one except a privileged few have a clue as to what lay in store for us in any of the cadres. We only hope that we do what we are supposed to do and do it with devotion. It is time for the ICBMs to be launched. Long range, solid fueled, mobile or submarine launched missiles will be the talk of the day. Inter Cadre Based Marriages (ICBMs), however, do not come in the MIRV (Multiple Independently Targetable Reentry Vehicles). The game would change beyond comprehension if the MIRV were allowed. Another term to describe the feeding frenzy that will be unleashed is that of CBMs (Cadre Based Marriages or Confidence Building Measures in diplomatese.) One wonders as to what confidences are being shared or built for a change of cadre. There must exist a law to prevent speculation on cadre based marriages. As for me, I am going back to the state of my youth, a state where my world view evolved, where I fell in and out of love, with it and without it. All good. Visit BlogAdda.com to discover Indian blogs
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Ian Kennedy drops appeal of suspension; D-backs tweak MLB with timing June 18, 2013 10:09am EDT Ian Kennedy drops appeal of suspension; D-backs tweak MLB with timing Ian Kennedy huffed and puffed and stomped his feet and called his 10-game suspension nonsensical, so much so that, when he was asked about it over the weekend, he said he fully planned to go forward with his appeal. And then, a day after his start Sunday in San Diego, the Arizona Diamondbacks right-hander changed his mind. WITRADO: MLB must eliminate fighting Kennedy dropped his appeal of that suspension, which stemmed from him hitting Los Angeles Dodgers hitters Yasiel Puig and Zack Greinke with pitches near their heads last Tuesday. Those pitches led to a brawl that resulted in suspensions for Kennedy and seven other players. Kennedy began serving his suspension Monday. He will be eligible to return on June 29. Despite Kennedy’s cries that the suspension was unfair because no other pitcher had been given such a long ban for similar offenses, dropping the appeal Monday worked out best for the team. The decision, in essence, means Kennedy will miss just one start instead of two, which is what he likely would have fought for in his appeal. The Diamondbacks began a three-game home series with the Miami Marlins on Monday, and Kennedy would not have pitched in any of those games. They have an off-day Thursday, so the Diamondbacks can bring back their best pitcher, Patrick Corbin, on normal rest Saturday against the Cincinnati Reds. Next Monday is another day off for Arizona, which means it can skip Kennedy’s turn again and not have to use anyone on short rest. Randall Delgado, who was called up to start Tuesday's game, will become the fourth starter. With Kennedy's move working out well for the Diamondbacks in terms of scheduling, Arizona is laughing in MLB's face. The league was hoping to send the message that throwing around the head and hitting batters and inciting a riot would not be tolerated. The 10-game ban was the most given to any pitcher for a non-performance-enhancing drug offense since 2005. But you just knew MLB would come out looking like the one getting hoodwinked in all of this, right? I mean, it just always happens that way. The problem with allowing a player to start the appeal process, and then drop it whenever it is most beneficial to him and his team, is that seemingly stiff punishments are just slaps on the wrist. MLB had honorable intentions here, but its own rules got in its way again (see: Ryan Braun’s chain-of-custody defense for his positive PED test). The appeal process should probably be tweaked so things like this can’t happen, but given the ongoing Biogenesis scandal, Oakland’s Coliseum sewage disaster—and the ensuing cries to move the team to San Jose—and attempts to protect pitchers’ heads from line drives, well, the league needs to deal with more important things right now.
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Take Your Mixes To The Next Level Sunday, April 15, 2012 The Pros And Cons Of Mixing On Headphones pink headphones from Bobby Owsinski's Big Picture production blog Christine Lavin recently sent in the following question: "Where do headphones fit in the mix for you, or do you listen just to the speakers? I've been in studios where they have 3 sets of speakers -- small medium and large -- and the producer or mixer (if it's someone else) listen on all three. But I'm a headphone person. Wonder what your opinion of that is?" I'm a firm believer that you can get great mixes out of virtually any set of speakers in just about any room, and that includes headphones as well. The trick is that you have to have enough listening time to get a reference point as to what sounds good or bad when you play your mix back elsewhere. That's why mixers began to take their own speakers wherever they went (or asked for NS-10s) in the first place. It was something that they were familiar with, and since they were nearfields, the room didn't come too much into play during the mix so they could be surer of the result. Mixing on headphones does have 4 significant downsides though: 1) You can't wear them for as long as you need to (8, 10, 12 hours) before your head and ears get tired from the extra weight. 2) You have a tendency to turn them up, which can lead to some quick ear fatigue, again limiting your ability to mix for long periods. 3) Because most of the more expensive professional headphones really sound great, you get a false sense of what the mix is like (especially on the low end), and it causes you not to work as hard getting the frequency balance of the mix right. 4) The vast majority of the audience won't listen on phones after the mix is completed. Since a mixer is always aiming for a mix that sounds great on most speakers that the material is played on, you want to stay in that realm if possible, and even listen on some crappy speakers if possible as a check. Headphones just sound too good for that. That said, headphones do have their place. They're great for editing in that you can hear clicks, pops and inconsistencies that you may otherwise miss while listening on speakers, and they're a great check for panning and checking reverb tails when mixing, but I wouldn't personally use them for an entire mix. But if you're mixing in your bedroom and don't want to wake the the kids, significant other or neighbors, then by all means, go for it. Just make sure that you listen to some other material that sounds great on speakers first so you have a reference point of what sounds good and what doesn't. Here's a bonus question also from Christine: "Do you think it's optimum to mix in a different studio from where you record, and/or bring in someone with fresh ears who hasn't been there for the recording of all the tracks?" The only time I think that it's worth going to a different studio to mix is if you think that your mix is going to sound a whole lot better as a result, like in the case of mixing through a console rather than in the box. Otherwise, I'd stay in the same studio that you tracked, if for no other reason than not having to worry about software and plugin compatibilities that always seem to crop up when you go to a different system. As for getting a different mixer, if you're stuck on the sound of the project for some reason, then it's great to have a fresh set of ears (as in someone else's) for the mix. Also, if you can hire someone who's a great mixer who you think can beat anything that you might come up with, then it may definitely worth it ("may" is the operative word here - you might not get what you expect). Otherwise, I think you're a lot better off using the same team that tracked the song(s) from the beginning for the sake of vision and continuity. Any other questions? Feel free to send them along to requests@bobbyowsinski.com. chckn8r said... "4) The vast majority of the audience won't listen on phones after the mix is completed." I'd beg to differ Bobby. It really depends on what you're mixing and who you're mixing it for. I'd hazard a guess that music aimed at audiences in their teens to mid-30's will be listened to more on headphones / earbuds more often than any full-range speaker. Bobby Owsinski said... Yes, you're absolutely right about that, but most of them listen on crappy earbuds that aren't near the quality of studio headphones. Once again, unless you check the mix on the crappy buds, you might be surprised at the final result. Randy said... On speakers your left ear can hear the right speaker, right ear can hear the left speaker. This does not happen on headphones, so the sound stage seems wider; pans seem more extreme. IMO this makes mixing on speakers the greater challenge - another reason to mix on speakers. Also a good reason to check mixes on headphones. Niels Cornelis said... Hello mr Owsinski, First of all, thank you for these blogs and your books, they have helped me a lot! You talked about mixing for 8, 10 or 12 hours. I can never mix for more than 4 to 5 hours straight, after that I need a good nights sleep before I can trust my own ears again. This might be to a medical condition, but maybe you have some tips on how to use my time as effectively as possible; or maybe some tips to prolong the time I can focus before fatiguing. Bobby Owsinski said... You're not mixing 10 hours straight, which most people can't do. Most mixers take a break every hour or two. Make yourself comfortable (clothes, room temperature, lighting) and don't listen too loud for long periods of time to cut down on the fatigue. Related Posts Plugin for WordPress, Blogger...
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Cognitive Automation: Transforming Workflows and Enhancing Productivity Cognitive automation is a groundbreaking technology that combines artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning to replicate and enhance human cognitive functions. In the business world, it is revolutionizing workflows, streamlining operations, and increasing productivity. In this article, we'll explore the concept of cognitive automation, its applications, and the transformative impact it has on various industries. Understanding Cognitive Automation Cognitive automation is an advanced subset of AI that enables machines to simulate human thought processes. It encompasses technologies such as natural language processing, data analysis, and machine learning. What sets it apart is its ability to comprehend, learn, and make decisions by processing vast amounts of data. Applications in Various Industries Finance: In the financial sector, cognitive automation is employed for fraud detection, risk assessment, and algorithmic trading. It can analyze market data and news feeds in real-time, making investment decisions at speeds impossible for humans. Healthcare: In healthcare, cognitive automation assists in medical diagnosis and patient care. It can analyze medical records, predict disease outbreaks, and suggest personalized treatment plans. Customer Service: Chatbots powered by cognitive automation are transforming customer service. They can understand and respond to customer inquiries, solving problems and routing calls to human agents when necessary. Manufacturing: Cognitive automation optimizes manufacturing processes by predicting maintenance needs, reducing defects, and enhancing supply chain management. Retail: In the retail sector, cognitive automation is used for demand forecasting, inventory management, and personalized marketing. It analyzes customer behavior to provide tailored product recommendations. The Benefits of Cognitive Automation Enhanced Efficiency: Cognitive automation can process data at a speed and scale that surpasses human capabilities. This translates to quicker decision-making and more efficient processes. Error Reduction: By automating tasks that are prone to human error, cognitive automation minimizes mistakes, improving accuracy in tasks like data entry and analysis. Cost Savings: Streamlining processes with cognitive automation can lead to significant cost savings, as it reduces the need for manual labor and time-intensive tasks. 24/7 Availability: Cognitive automation works around the clock, offering consistent and uninterrupted service, making it valuable for industries like customer support and cybersecurity. Data-Driven Insights: The technology provides valuable insights by analyzing vast datasets. These insights help organizations make informed decisions and uncover patterns that may not be apparent to human analysts. Challenges and Considerations While cognitive automation holds immense potential, it also comes with challenges such as data privacy, ethical considerations, and the potential for job displacement. Organizations adopting this technology must navigate these challenges and ensure responsible and ethical use. Cognitive automation is a transformative force that is reshaping industries and processes across the business world. Its ability to replicate human cognitive functions, analyze data, and make decisions has far-reaching implications. As it continues to evolve, it will play an increasingly vital role in streamlining workflows, increasing productivity, and driving innovation in various sectors. Organizations that embrace cognitive automation can gain a competitive edge and remain at the forefront of their respective industries.
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Researchers at the University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center and University of Wisconsin-Madison have demonstrated improved methods of capturing free-floating cancer cells that are cast-off from tumors, and circulating in the blood. If these cast-off cells can be accurately counted, they could provide an additional way to track treatment or screen for disease. “Based on previous research, we know that circulating tumor cells indeed can be used as a biomarker, and have prognostic significance, but the problem has been the sensitivity of the tests studied,” said UNC Lineberger’s Andrew Wang, MD, associate professor in the UNC School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology. “We set out to improve on both the sensitivity and the specificity of the test.” Using their test design, Wang and his collaborators counted circulating cancer cells in the blood of 24 patients undergoing treatment for head-and-neck, prostate, rectal or cervical cancer. In the journal Clinical Cancer Research, researchers reported that by forcing cancer cells to slow down and developing stronger molecular traps for them, they could identify large numbers of the cells in cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. They also found that the numbers of circulating tumor cells dropped while patients were undergoing radiation therapy, and the numbers subsequently rebounded in those patients that ended up requiring additional treatment — suggesting that this technology could supplement other techniques for tracking the progress of treatment. “Oftentimes, post treatment, we end up scanning patients frequently,” Wang said. “Maybe the future is, instead of doing expensive scans, we can do a blood test, and if the test result shows no change, we leave them alone. If it suggests there may be trouble, we could do additional scans.” Scientists have recognized circulating tumor cells as potentially useful metrics for tracking a patient’s disease for some time. But the cells are the proverbial needle-in-a-haystack, drowned out by billions of ordinary red blood cells and other cells found in the blood. Wang’s team created a test that forces the circulating tumor cells to start rolling, slowing them down. The cells are trapped using a series of three cancer-specific antibodies – proteins that tightly bind and hold onto the circulating tumor cells. To make the connection even stronger, the researchers developed a nanoscale structure shaped a little like a tree, with each branch tipped with an antibody. These individual branches can latch on to cancer cell that pass nearby. “The cells are like barrels floating down Niagara Falls, and you’re trying to throw hooks at them,” Wang said. “Even if you hook them, they’re hard to catch. We tried as strategy called ‘multivalent binding,’ where instead of using one hook, you use multiple hooks on one flexible nanoparticle, which has a tree-like structure. When one antibody engages with the cell, or the barrel, it induces the others to grab on as well.” The cell rolling and multi-tipped branches helped the researchers capture an average of 200 circulating tumor cells from each milliliter of a patient’s blood. “The absolute numbers of circulating tumor cells don’t represent too much because there’s too much variation individually, but the more important thing we found was the trend — how the numbers change over time upon treatment. So, for example, we’ve shown that the circulating tumor cells go down when the patients are responding really well to the radiotherapy,” said the study’s co-corresponding author, University of Wisconsin-Madison Professor of Pharmacy Seungpyo Hong. Although the number of cells did not correlate with the stage of the cancer, the reduction in cells was correlated with successful radiation therapy. In two of the three patients that had recurring or persistent disease, circulating tumor cell numbers came back up. Wang and his collaborators launched the startup company Capio Biosciences in 2015 to commercialize the technology, which they call CapioCyte. “Our data suggest that we have a good chance of making circulating tumor cells a predictive biomarker or biomarker for surveillance for at least a few cancers, and that’s always exciting,” Wang said. In addition to Hong and Wang groups, other authors included Ja Hye Myung, Sin-jung Park, and Kevan A. Tam, of the University of Illinois Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences; Michael J. Eblan, Joseph M. Caster, Kyle Wang, Seth M. Miller, Colette Shen, Ronald C. Chen, Joel E. Tepper, and Bhishamjit S. Chera of UNC Lineberger and the UNC School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology; Michael J. Poellmann of the University of Wisconsin, Madison, School of Pharmacy; and Tian Zhang of the Duke Cancer Institute and Duke University Department of Medicine. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and UNC School of Medicine Department of Radiation Oncology. -Adapted from a release by Eric Hamilton of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine
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How Much Does an Occlusal Guard Cost? Teeth grinding (bruxism) can cause serious damage to your teeth. With so much at stake, it’s no wonder that grinders are willing to spend a lot of money on custom occlusal guards (aka night guards) to protect their pearly whites. But how much is too much? Exactly how much should an occlusal guard cost? The reason this question is so important is because a) not everyone who grinds has dental insurance, and b) dental insurance doesn’t always cover a night guard for teeth grinding. In fact, by some estimates, insurance pays up less than half the time – and not always for the full cost. Most of the time, dental night guard cost is your cost. Occlusal Guard Price Varies by Dentist Occlusal Guard In most cases, your dentist will take bite impressions in his or her office, and then mail them away to a lab for construction of the final product. Typically the cost of producing the actual mouth guard is a fraction of what the dentist will charge you, however. A typical price for an acrylic night guard is $300-400, but $500 or more is not uncommon. If you get a price quote outside of that range, it may be worthwhile to call around to other dentists in your area. Taking a bite impression is a routine service that any competent dentist or dental hygienist should be able to perform. Cutting Out the Middle Man Clearly, dentists charge a lot for their time. Since creating bite impressions isn’t all that difficult, wouldn’t it be great if you could make your own impressions and send them directly to the lab? Well, actually you can. There are services that will send you a kit that has everything you need to make your own dental impressions. You simply mail them back and receive an occlusal guard made of the same high-quality material as the ones you get at the dentist. Cost for this service? Usually $50-150. The only potential downside here is that you have to be confident in your ability to make accurate impressions. If you’re slightly off, the mouth guard you get back will be off too. Occlusal Guard Cost – Over the Counter A lot of people insist that you need a custom dental night guard to solve your teeth grinding problem. This simply isn’t true. Plenty of teeth grinders get relief through cheap over-the-counter mouth guards. At around $20 for a highly rated occlusal guard, the price is certainly right. That’s not to say you can go down to the drugstore, grab the first mouth guard you see, and expect your problem to be solved. There are a lot of different products on the market, and you may have to try more than one of them to hit on one you like. Something to Chew On If money is tight, we recommend trying an over-the-counter option first, simply because the price difference is so huge. You could try a dozen over-the-counter teeth grinding guards for less than what you would pay at the dentist’s office for one device. And if you find one you like, you will have cheap solution to your problem that you will be able to buy again and again. This is important, because no occlusal guard – no matter how well made – lasts forever. The sad truth is that many people who start off with an expensive mouth guard turn to cheaper options when it wears down after a year or so.
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The harp is a family of string instruments which feature a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard. Harp strings are plucked with the bare fingers. Harps are ancient instruments, emerging in different cultures all over the world and benefiting from technological advances. They can be categorized according to their shape and build. The most common use of the word 'harp', though, is to refer to the western pedal harp, which is a common member of the symphonic orchestra. The pedal harp is distinguished by its complex system of pedals which can alter the length of strings in order to set the whole instrument in a particular 'key'. Thus, the pedal harp functions as a fully chromatic instrument which doesn't need multiple courses, and is capable of playing uninterrupted scales at great speeds. |Danse sacrée et danse profane||Claude Debussy||Dance||Late 19th century|
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Plotagon – The App. Plotagon Education and Animate Your Classroom are two apps, created by Plotagon, that lets students and teachers create 3D-animated videos just by typing out the manuscript. The Characters in the app speaks out the written text in English or if you like you can write in any language to record voices of any language too. Creating an animated video with Plotagon Education or Animate Your Classroom takes only a few minutes. Users simply choose some characters, select their scenes, type words for their characters to say, and press play to see a script performed as an animated story. A wide variety of scenes and pre-made characters are available. Users can also create their own characters as well, choosing from a wide variety of facial features, hair, clothing and accessories. Videos can be stylized by adding emotions, actions, music and sound effects via simple pull-down menus. The app Plotagon Education runs on iPad, iPhone, Mac and PC. It includes a private, digital community where student videos are only shared among classmates for peer review and feedback, while the teacher can both engage in and monitor all activity. The app Animate Your Classroom runs on iPad and iPhone and is specifically made for classroom with shared iPads as there is no login or user account. Instead users makes a video and immediately saves it to Camera roll. From there users can share their work any way they like. Educators use Plotagon Education and Animate Your Classroom for writing assignments, illustrating subjects, debating controversial topics, creating flipped classrooms and more. Students have created animated videos to demonstrate the use of vocabulary words, explain science experiments, discuss the pros and cons of topical issues, practice English as a second language and write fiction—among other things. For examples we recommend this independent teacher blog: https://padlet.com/telge/ Plotagon was founded in 2011. It is headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. Plotagon Education is available on Twitter (@PlotagonEdu), Facebook and Google+ to provide information, ideas and support to educators. Want to know more? Please visit https://plotagon.com/education Download Animate Your Classroom: https://appsto.re/se/8kvobb.i Plotagon – The Use. Now, how can you use Plotagon in class? Here are a few scenarios with examples – note that the examples are mostly not fully worked through animations but rather “quick and dirty”. I don’t have high expectations regarding professionality when it comes to films – really professional products take more time and passion than I have for this medium. I take a pragmatic approach: I like to see results quickly and I expect that my students can work with these tools (for a reasonable price, too, or, ideally, for free). For the examples, let’s look at some simpler ones first and get to the more advanced ones later. Videos for demonstration A very short film about kindness (2016) This is the very short demo video that I show in classes to illustrate the prototype. It is done in a standard setting (“French Bistro”) with standard characters (“Lizzy” and “Dave”) and standard voices. Nothing fancy, but still friendly: To open video in an external window, go to: https://plotagon.com/374439 Cave relationship building (2016) Instead of simply showing a demo video, it is much nicer to show how the video is created directly in class. This is easy to do because Plotagon is so simple. Therefore, last time I created a film with all students in attendance: they suggested the characters (caveman and cavewoman) from the character list, the setting (cave) and the dialog lines. What emerged is a fine little piece of relationship building...10,000 years ago: To open video in an external window go to: https://plotagon.com/384742 Videos to introduce something or someone. Introduction to an online lesson on how to create online lessons (2016) This is a video I created for a class this summer (published May 22, 2016). For this class, the students were supposed to create online lessons on our Moodle learning platform. Since this is not something students usually do, I thought it useful to tell them about some of the basics. To do this, I chose a monolog rather than a dialog & created a character based on my own physique (except I don’t wear a tie in class, unless I’m forced to). In the image below, you can see how the video was created: all you have to do is write the script on the left including scenic instructions (basic scene, character names, character expressions, actions, music & effects if you like). It’s extremely simple. For this example, I recorded my own voice. In all the other examples, the students used the pre-recorded voices available at Plotagon.com To open video in an external window go to: https://plotagon.com/361842 Introduction to the online course “3D printing” (2015) The next example in this category is a video created by students for their own online lesson on the topic of “3D Printing – From Passive Consumer To Active Creator”. Again, the main character’s appearance is based on the team member who created the video (published November 9, 2015). The video is the first item of the online course and serves as an introduction. It is the first attempt made by these students in Plotagon. The film is introduced like this: “I guess you are here because you are interested in the basics of 3D printing, like our bearded friend in this video.” Videos to bridge sessions. SQL Quiz dialog – come to class tomorrow to learn more (2016) You can also use Plotagon in between sessions – this makes a nice difference or could be in addition to a reminder sense to the students between one session and the next. In the example below the students had had one class on the topic of relational databases, especially SQL and I wanted to motivate them to come to the next class where they could learn more about it: there are also two small questions in the film, which students should already be able to answer – instead of creating a quiz, the two characters are discussing right & wrong answers: To open the video in a new window, go to: https://plotagon.com/73964 Project development videos. I like it when the projects are not made up & artificial but if they answer a real world problem. The easiest way to do this is to work with real company. The students who created the following video examples were doing consulting work for real companies. These videos were created in class after the demonstrations above, in the course of one hour. A Martian in Social Impact Lab (Team Rocket, 2016) The students were re-developing website application processes for a Berlin-based start-up incubator called Social Impact Lab. (The project was brokered by another social startup, Link-Projex). This was their first video with Plotagon ever. Also, they did not have access to many scenes or characters yet. The film is still remarkable, because it involves a number of scene changes and relationship development in 1.5 minutes only! To open in new window, go to: https://plotagon.com/374481 Social Impact Lab Process (inspired by Star Wars and The Simpsons) (Team Rocket, 2016) The next example is by another group of students from the same team, on the same project: remarkably, their film has the same length and, though the two groups work on the same project together, it shows a different take on the problem of the incubator – more process and less product focused. As a story, the relationship between the characters is quite important — the relationship is used to illustrate the process of getting motivated to participate in the web based application process. To open this in a new window, go to: https://plotagon.com/73964 Fancy films – more story, more yield. The last three examples – two by students, one by me – are clearly fancier and also much longer. By this time, the students had access to the full character and scene sets available on Plotagon for subscribers (and also for free riders, but at a price, as on-site purchases). The videos were not created in class but independently outside of class over a period of several weeks. The Homeless Robots Social Project (Team Dark Matter, 2016) The student project is still “A website for Social Impact Lab” as before. This video is considerably longer and clearly took more time to create. The focus is not so much on the process but on selling the team’s idea to Social Impact Lab, namely to create a team space where start up ideas could collaboratively be worked up towards a funding proposal. This is why the emphasis of the story is on relationship but in a different way than before – the team allowed itself more time to build relationships between the characters than in any of the previous examples. The team said this took them between 2-4 hours production time. Note: the subtitles of this recording are automatically generated (and therefore often wrong). To open film in new window go to: https://plotagon.com/384033 CRM Express – Product Demo (CRM Team, 2015) This is an early example which stands on its own because the students used Plotagon and created a film alternating between dialogue scenes and screen casts demonstrating the use of a customer relationship management (CRM) system called CRM Express. This video was part of their online lesson on CRM systems in a course on business information systems. Doing something like this requires video editing software and (much) more skill and time. Still, the effort should be much less than producing and editing real video shots. Note: the subtitles of this recording are automatically generated (and therefore often wrong). Survey Research Issues (2015) This last example was created as part of an online course on research methods for master students. One of the methods discussed is survey research: The video illustrates a number of issues students are facing when they create surveys as part of the thesis research. There are different scenes, different characters and even a little love thrown in at the end. This is probably the most advanced plot that I have tried to create so far. Looking at it now after working with students and seeing what they can do, I feel inspired to do a lot more! Digital Storytelling Bonanza According to the slogan: “Show, don’t tell.” - Plotagon YouTube channel. - Playlist with all videos discussed in this article. - StoryCenter, a digital storytelling hub since 1993, based in Berkeley, CA (since 1993). - Digital Storytelling MOOC from the University of Birmingham on FutureLearn (2016). - The Future of Storytelling MOOC from Potsdam Univ of Applied Sciences on Iversity (2013). - The Leader’s Guide to Storytelling by Steve Denning (Wiley, 2011).
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Not to be confused with Hanneke. This article is about the holiday. For the Khazar ruler, see Hanukkah ben Obadiah. Festival of Lights, Festival of Dedication The Maccabees successfully rebelled against Antiochus IV Epiphanes. The Temple was purified and the wicks of the menorah miraculously burned for eight days, even though there was only enough sacred oil for one day's lighting. Sunset, December 11 to sunset, December 19 Sunset, December 1 to sunset, December 9 Lighting candles each night. Singing special songs, such as Ma'oz Tzur. Reciting Hallel prayer. Eating foods fried in oil, such as latkes and sufganiyot, and dairy foods. Playing the dreidel game, and giving Hanukkah gelt Hanukkah (Hebrew: חֲנֻכָּה, Tiberian: Ḥănukkāh, nowadays usually spelled חנוכה pronounced [χanuˈka] in Modern Hebrew, also romanized as Chanukah), also known as the Festival of Lights, is an eight-day Jewish holiday commemorating the rededication of the Holy Temple (the Second Temple) in Jerusalem at the time of the Maccabean Revolt of the 2nd century BCE, Hanukkah is observed for eight nights, starting on the 25th day of Kislev according to the Hebrew calendar, which may occur at any time from late November to late December in the Gregorian calendar. The festival is observed by the kindling of the lights of a very special candelabrum, the nine-branched Menorah or Hanukiah, one additional light on each night of the holiday, progressing to eight on the final night. An extra light called a shamash (Hebrew: "guard" or "servant") is also lit each night for the purpose of lighting the others, and is given a distinct location, usually above or below the rest. The "shamash" symbolically supplies light that may be used for some secular purpose. Origins of the holiday 18th century painting of a family celebrating Hanukkah Members of the DC Minyan light Hanukkah candles. From the Hebrew word for "dedication" or "consecration", Hanukkah marks the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem (Second Temple) after its desecration by the forces of the King of Syria Antiochus IV Epiphanes and commemorates the "miracle of the container of oil". According to the Talmud, at the re-dedication following the victory of the Maccabees over the Seleucid Empire, there was only enough consecrated olive oil to fuel the eternal flame in the Temple for one day. Miraculously, the oil burned for eight days, which was the length of time it took to press, prepare and consecrate fresh olive oil. Traditionally, this was the Sacred Festival of the worship of Zeus, which the Jews disavowed, as this was non-Talmudic. Their religion rose up in contrast to traditional, ancient and Greek religions. They were nomadic, as previous to this (per Moses and no settled country as Israel), and began to celebrate Hanukkah as a "festival of rebirth" and miracles. Hanukkah is also mentioned in 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees. The first states: "For eight days they celebrated the rededication of the altar. Then Judah and his brothers and the entire congregation of Israel decreed that the days of the rededication... should be observed... every year... for eight days. (1 Mac. 4:56–59)" According to 2 Maccabees, "the Jews celebrated joyfully for eight days as on the feast of Booths." The martyrdom of Hannah and her seven sons has also been linked to Hanukkah. According to a Talmudic story and 2 Maccabees, a Jewish woman named Hannah and her seven sons were tortured and executed by Antiochus for refusing to eat pork, which would have been a violation of Jewish law. The name "Hanukkah" derives from the Hebrew verb "חנך", meaning "to dedicate". On Hanukkah, the Jews regained control of Jerusalem and rededicated the Temple. In the Jewish tradition, many homiletical explanations have been given for the name: - The name can be broken down into חנו כ"ה, "they rested [on the] twenty-fifth", referring to the fact that the Jews ceased fighting on the 25th day of Kislev, the day on which the holiday begins. - חנוכה (Hanukkah) is also the Hebrew acronym for ח נרות והלכה כבית הלל — "Eight candles, and the halakha is like the House of Hillel". This is a reference to the disagreement between two rabbinical schools of thought — the House of Hillel and the House of Shammai — on the proper order in which to light the Hanukkah candles. Shammai opined that eight candles should be lit on the first night, seven on the second night, and so on down to one on the last night. Hillel argued in favor of starting with one candle and lighting an additional one every night, up to eight on the eighth night. Jewish law adopted the position of Hillel. Historical sources Hanukkah lamp unearthed near Jerusalem about 1900 See also: Mishna Omissions The story of Hanukkah, along with its laws and customs, is entirely missing from the Mishna apart from several passing references (Bikkurim 1:6, Rosh HaShanah 1:3, Megilah 3:6, Bava Kama 6:6). Rav Nissim Gaon postulates in his Hakdamah Le'mafteach Hatalmud that information on the holiday was so commonplace that the Mishna felt no need to explain it. Reuvein Margolies suggests that as the Mishnah was redacted after the Bar Kochba revolt, its editors were reluctant to include explicit discussion of a holiday celebrating another relatively recent revolt against a foreign ruler, for fear of antagonising the Romans. In the Talmud The miracle of Hanukkah is described in the Talmud. The Gemara, in tractate Shabbat 21, focuses on Shabbat candles and moves to Hanukkah candles and says that after the forces of Antiochus IV had been driven from the Temple, the Maccabees discovered that almost all of the ritual olive oil had been profaned. They found only a single container that was still sealed by the High Priest, with enough oil to keep the menorah in the Temple lit for a single day. They used this, and miraculously, that oil burned for eight days (the time it took to have new oil pressed and made ready). The Talmud presents three options: - The law requires only one light each night per household, - A better practice is to light one light each night for each member of the household - The most preferred practice is to vary the number of lights each night. Except in times of danger, the lights were to be placed outside one's door, on the opposite side of the Mezuza, or in the window closest to the street. Rashi, in a note to Shabbat 21b, says their purpose is to publicize the miracle. In the Jewish Antiquities of Josephus Various menorot used for Hanukkah. 12th through 19th century, CE The ancient Jewish Historian Flavius Josephus narrates in his book Jewish Antiquities XII, how the victorious Judas Maccabbeus ordered lavish yearly eight-day festivities after rededicating the Temple in Jerusalem that had been profaned by Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Josephus does not say the festival was called Hannukkah but rather the "Festival of Lights": "Now Judas celebrated the festival of the restoration of the sacrifices of the temple for eight days, and omitted no sort of pleasures thereon; but he feasted them upon very rich and splendid sacrifices; and he honored God, and delighted them by hymns and psalms. Nay, they were so very glad at the revival of their customs, when, after a long time of intermission, they unexpectedly had regained the freedom of their worship, that they made it a law for their posterity, that they should keep a festival, on account of the restoration of their temple worship, for eight days. And from that time to this we celebrate this festival, and call it Lights. I suppose the reason was, because this liberty beyond our hopes appeared to us; and that thence was the name given to that festival. Judas also rebuilt the walls round about the city, and reared towers of great height against the incursions of enemies, and set guards therein. He also fortified the city Bethsura, that it might serve as a citadel against any distresses that might come from our enemies." In other ancient sources The story of Hanukkah is alluded to in the book of 1 Maccabees and 2 Maccabees but Hanukkah is not specially mentioned; rather, a story similar in character, and obviously older in date, is the one alluded to in 2 Maccabees 1:18 et seq according to which the relighting of the altar fire by Nehemiah was due to a miracle which occurred on the twenty-fifth of Kislev, and which appears to be given as the reason for the selection of the same date for the rededication of the altar by Judah Maccabee. Another source is the Megillat Antiochus. This work (also known as "Megillat HaHasmonaim", "Megillat Hanukkah" or "Megillat Yevanit") is in both Aramaic and Hebrew; the Hebrew version is a literal translation from the Aramaic original. Recent scholarship dates it to somewhere between the 2nd and 5th Centuries, probably in the 2nd Century, with the Hebrew dating to the seventh century. It was published for the first time in Mantua in 1557. Saadia Gaon, who translated it into Arabic in the 9th Century, ascribed it to the Maccabees themselves, disputed by some, since it gives dates as so many years before the destruction of the second temple in 70 CE. The Hebrew text with an English translation can be found in the Siddur of Philip Birnbaum. The story Judea was part of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt until 200 BCE when King Antiochus III the Great of Syria defeated King Ptolemy V Epiphanes of Egypt at the Battle of Panion. Judea became at that moment part of the Seleucid Empire of Syria. King Antiochus III the Great wanting to conciliate his new Jewish subjects guaranteed their right to "live according to their ancestral customs" and to continue to practice their religion in the Temple of Jerusalem. However in 175 BCE, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, the son of Antiochus III invaded Judea, ostensibly at the request of the sons of Tobias. The Tobiads, who led the Hellenizing Jewish faction in Jerusalem, were expelled to Syria around 170 BC when the high priest Onias and his pro-Egyptian faction wrested control from them. The exiled Tobiads lobbied Antiochus IV Epiphanes to recapture Jerusalem. As the ancient Jewish historian Flavius Josephus tells us "The king being thereto disposed beforehand, complied with them, and came upon the Jews with a great army, and took their city by force, and slew a great multitude of those that favored Ptolemy, and sent out his soldiers to plunder them without mercy. He also spoiled the temple, and put a stop to the constant practice of offering a daily sacrifice of expiation for three years and six months." Traditional view When the Second Temple in Jerusalem was looted and the services stopped, Judaism was effectively outlawed. In 167 BCE Antiochus ordered an altar to Zeus erected in the Temple. He banned circumcision and ordered pigs to be sacrificed at the altar of the temple. Antiochus's actions proved to be a major miscalculation as they were massively disobeyed and provoked a large-scale revolt. Mattathias, a Jewish priest, and his five sons Jochanan, Simeon, Eleazar, Jonathan, and Judah led a rebellion against Antiochus. Judah became known as Yehuda HaMakabi ("Judah the Hammer"). By 166 BCE Mattathias had died, and Judah took his place as leader. By 165 BCE the Jewish revolt against the Seleucid monarchy was successful. The Temple was liberated and rededicated. See also: Hasmonean The festival of Hanukkah was instituted by Judah Maccabee and his brothers to celebrate this event. After recovering Jerusalem and the Temple, Judah ordered the Temple to be cleansed, a new altar to be built in place of the polluted one and new holy vessels to be made. According to the Talmud, olive oil was needed for the menorah in the Temple, which was required to burn throughout the night every night. But there was only enough oil to burn for one day, yet miraculously, it burned for eight days, the time needed to prepare a fresh supply of oil for the menorah. An eight day festival was declared by the Jewish sages to commemorate this miracle. The version of the story in 1 Maccabees, on the other hand, states that an eight day celebration of songs and sacrifices was proclaimed upon re-dedication of the altar, and makes no mention of the miracle of the oil. A number of historians believe that the reason for the eight day celebration was that the first Hanukkah was in effect a belated celebration of the festivals of Sukkot and Shemini Atzeret. During the war the Jews were not able to celebrate Sukkot/Shemini Atzeret properly; the combined festivals also last eight days, and the Sukkot festivities featured the lighting of lamps in the Temple (Suk.v. 2–4). It has also been noted that the number eight has special significance in Jewish theology, as representing transcendence and the Jewish People's special role in human history. Seven is the number of days of creation, that is, of completion of the material cosmos, and also of the classical planets. Eight, being one step beyond seven, represents the Infinite. Hence, the Eighth Day of the Assembly festival, mentioned above, is according to Jewish Law a festival for Jews only (unlike Sukkot, when all peoples were welcome in Jerusalem). Similarly, the rite of brit milah (circumcision), which brings a Jewish male into God's Covenant, is performed on the eighth day. Hence, Hanukkah's eight days (in celebration of monotheistic morality's victory over Hellenistic humanism) have great symbolic importance for practicing Jews. Modern perception Military and civilian personnel light candles in observance of Hanukkah. These competed violently over who would be the High Priest, with traditionalists with Hebrew/Aramaic names like Onias contesting with Hellenizing High Priests with Greek names like Jason and Menelaus. In particular Jason's Hellenistic reforms would prove to be a decisive factor leading to eventual conflict within the ranks of Judaism. Other authors point to possible socio/economic in addition to the religious reasons behind the civil war. What began in many respects as a civil war escalated when the Hellenistic kingdom of Syria sided with the Hellenizing Jews in their conflict with the traditionalists. As the conflict escalated, Antiochus took the side of the Hellenizers by prohibiting the religious practices the traditionalists had rallied around. This may explain why the king, in a total departure from Seleucid practice in all other places and times, banned the traditional religion of a whole people. Hanukkah rituals Hanukkah is celebrated by a series of rituals that are performed every day throughout the 8-day holiday, some are family-based and others communal. There are special additions to the daily prayer service, and a section is added to the blessing after meals. Hanukkah is not a "Sabbath-like" holiday, and there is no obligation to refrain from activities that are forbidden on the Sabbath, as specified in the Shulkhan Arukh. Adherents go to work as usual, but may leave early in order to be home to kindle the lights at nightfall. There is no religious reason for schools to be closed, although, in Israel, schools close from the second day for the whole week of Hanukkah. Many families exchange gifts each night, and fried foods are eaten. Kindling the Hanukkah lights See also: Menorah (Hanukkah) The primary ritual, according to Jewish law and custom, is to light a single light each night for eight nights. As a universally practiced "beautification" of the mitzvah, the number of lights lit is increased by one each night. An extra light called a shamash, meaning guard or servant, is also lit each night, and is given a distinct location, usually higher, lower, or to the side of the others. The purpose of the extra light is to adhere to the prohibition, specified in the Talmud (Tracate Shabbat 21b–23a), against using the Hanukkah lights for anything other than publicizing and meditating on the Hanukkah story. This differs from Sabbath candles which are meant to be used for illumination. Hence, if one were to need extra illumination on Hanukkah, the shamash candle would be available and one would avoid using the prohibited lights. Some light the shamash candle first and then use it to light the others. So all together, including the shamash, two lights are lit on the first night, three on the second and so on, ending with nine on the last night, for a total of 44 (36, excluding the shamash). The lights can be candles or oil lamps. Electric lights are sometimes used and are acceptable in places where open flame is not permitted, such as a hospital room. Most Jewish homes have a special candelabrum or oil lamp holder for Hanukkah, which holds eight lights plus the additional shamash light. The reason for the Hanukkah lights is not for the "lighting of the house within", but rather for the "illumination of the house without," so that passers-by should see it and be reminded of the holiday's miracle. Accordingly, lamps are set up at a prominent window or near the door leading to the street. It is customary amongst some Ashkenazim to have a separate menorah for each family member (customs vary), whereas most Sephardim light one for the whole household. Only when there was danger of antisemitic persecution were lamps supposed to be hidden from public view, as was the case in Persia under the rule of the Zoroastrians, or in parts of Europe before and during World War II. However, most Hasidic groups, light lamps near an inside doorway, not necessarily in public view. According to this tradition, the lamps are placed on the opposite side from the mezuzah, so that when one passes through the door he is surrounded by the holiness of mitzvoth. Time of lighting Hanukkah lights should burn for at least one half hour after it gets dark. The custom of the Vilna Gaon observed by many residents of Jerusalem as the custom of the city, is to light at sundown, although most Hassidim light later, even in Jerusalem. Many Hasidic Rebbes light much later, because they fulfil the obligation of publicizing the miracle by the presence of their Hasidim when they kindle the lights. Inexpensive small wax candles sold for Hanukkah burn for approximately half an hour, so on most days this requirement can be met by lighting the candles when it is dark outside. Friday night presents a problem, however. Since candles may not be lit on the Shabbat itself, the candles must be lit before sunset. However, they must remain lit until the regular time—thirty minutes after nightfall—and inexpensive Hanukkah candles do not burn long enough to meet the requirement. A simple solution is to use longer candles, or the traditional oil lamps. In keeping with the above-stated prohibition, the Hanukkah menorah is lit first, followed by the Shabbat candles which signify its onset. Blessings over the candles Typically three blessings (Brachot singular Brachah) are recited during this eight-day festival. On the first night of Hanukkah, Jews recite all three blessings; on all subsequent nights, they recite only the first two. The blessings are said before or after the candles are lit depending on tradition. On the first night of Hanukkah one light (candle, lamp, or electric) is lit on the right side of the Menorah, on the following night a second light is placed to the left of the first candle and so on, proceeding from right to left over the eight nights. On each night, the leftmost candle is lit first, and lighting proceeds from left to right. For the full text of the blessings, see List of Jewish prayers and blessings: Hanukkah. Hanerot Halalu During or after the lights are kindled the hymn Hanerot Halalu is recited. There are several differing versions; the version presented here is recited in many Ashkenazic communities: Hanneirot hallalu anachnu madlikin 'al hannissim ve'al hanniflaot 'al hatteshu'ot ve'al hammilchamot she'asita laavoteinu bayyamim haheim, (u)bazzeman hazeh 'al yedei kohanekha hakkedoshim. Vekhol-shemonat yemei Hanukkah hanneirot hallalu kodesh heim, ve-ein lanu reshut lehishtammesh baheim ella lir'otam bilvad kedei lehodot ul'halleil leshimcha haggadol 'al nissekha ve'al nifleotekha ve'al yeshu'otekha We light these lights for the miracles and the wonders, for the redemption and the battles that you made for our forefathers, in those days at this season, through your holy priests. During all eight days of Hanukkah these lights are sacred, and we are not permitted to make ordinary use of them except for to look at them in order to express thanks and praise to Your great Name for Your miracles, Your wonders and Your salvations. Maoz Tzur Main article: Ma'oz Tzur Each night after the lighting of the candles, while remaining within sight of the candles, some observant Ashkenazim (and, in recent decades, some Sephardim and Mizrahim in Western countries) sing the hymn Ma'oz Tzur written in Medieval Germany. The song contains six stanzas. The first and last deal with general themes of divine salvation, and the middle four deal with events of persecution in Jewish history, and praises God for survival despite these tragedies (the exodus from Egypt, the Babylonian captivity, the miracle of the holiday of Purim, and the Hasmonean victory). Other customs After lighting the candles and Ma'oz Tzur, singing various other Hanukkah songs is customary in many Jewish homes. Various Hasidic and Sephardic traditions have additional prayers that are recited both before and after lighting the Hanukkah lights. This includes the recitation of many Psalms, most notably Psalms 30, 67, and 91 (many Hasidim recite Psalm 91 seven times after lighting the lamps, as was taught by the Baal Shem Tov), as well as other prayers and hymns, each congregation according to its own custom. In North America and in Israel it is common to exchange presents or give children presents at this time. In addition, many families encourage their children to give tzedakah for at least one of the nights, in lieu of presents for themselves. Additions to the daily prayers "We thank You also for the miraculous deeds and for the redemption and for the mighty deeds and the saving acts wrought by You, as well as for the wars which You waged for our ancestors in ancient days at this season. In the days of the Hasmonean Mattathias, son of Johanan the high priest, and his sons, when the iniquitous Greco-Syrian kingdom rose up against Your people Israel, to make them forget Your Torah and to turn them away from the ordinances of Your will, then You in your abundant mercy rose up for them in the time of their trouble, pled their cause, executed judgment, avenged their wrong, and delivered the strong into the hands of the weak, the many into the hands of few, the impure into the hands of the pure, the wicked into the hands of the righteous, and insolent ones into the hands of those occupied with Your Torah. Both unto Yourself did you make a great and holy name in Thy world, and unto Your people did You achieve a great deliverance and redemption. Whereupon your children entered the sanctuary of Your house, cleansed Your temple, purified Your sanctuary, kindled lights in Your holy courts, and appointed these eight days of Hanukkah in order to give thanks and praises unto Your holy name." Translation of Al ha-Nissim An addition is made to the "hoda'ah" (thanksgiving) benediction in the Amidah, called Al ha-Nissim ("On/about the Miracles"). This addition refers to the victory achieved over the Syrians by the Hasmonean Mattathias and his sons. The same prayer is added to the grace after meals. In addition, the Hallel Psalms are sung during each morning service and the Tachanun penitential prayers are omitted. The Torah is read every day in the synagogue, the first day beginning from Numbers 6:22 (according to some customs, Numbers 7:1), and the last day ending with Numbers 8:4. Since Hanukkah lasts eight days it includes at least one, and sometimes two, Jewish Sabbaths (Saturdays). The weekly Torah portion for the first Sabbath is almost always Miketz, telling of Joseph's dream and his enslavement in Egypt. The Haftarah reading for the first Sabbath Hanukkah is Zechariah 2:14–4:7. When there is a second Sabbath on Hanukkah, the Haftarah reading is from I Kings 7:40–50. The Hanukkah menorah is also kindled daily in the synagogue, at night with the blessings and in the morning without the blessings. The menorah is not lit on the Sabbath, but rather prior to the beginning of the Sabbath at night and not at all during the day. Zot Hanukkah The last day of Hanukkah is known as Zot Hanukkah, from the verse read on this day in the synagogue (Numbers 7:84, Zot Chanukat Hamizbe'ach, "This was the dedication of the altar"). According to the teachings of Kabbalah and Hasidism, this day is the final "seal" of the High Holiday season of Yom Kippur, and is considered a time to repent out of love for God. In this spirit, many Hasidic Jews wish each other Gmar chatimah tovah ("may you be sealed totally for good"), a traditional greeting for the Yom Kippur season. It is taught in Hasidic and Kabbalistic literature that this day is particularly auspicious for the fulfillment of prayers. Judith and Holofernes Judith with the head of Holofernes by Cristofano Allori The eating of dairy foods, especially cheese, on Hanukkah is a minor custom that has its roots in the story of Judith. The deuterocanonical book of Judith (Yehudit or Yehudis in Hebrew), which is not part of the Tanach, records that, Holofernes, an Assyrian general, had surrounded the village of Bethulia as part of his campaign to conquer Judea. After intense fighting, the water supply of the Jews is cut off and the situation became desperate. Judith, a pious widow, told the city leaders that she had a plan to save the city. Judith went to the Assyrian camps and pretended to surrender. She met Holofernes, who was smitten by her beauty. She went back to his tent with him, where she plied him with cheese and wine. When he fell into a drunken sleep, Judith beheaded him and escaped from the camp, taking the severed head with her (the beheading of Holofernes by Judith has historically been a popular theme in art). When Holofernes' soldiers found his corpse, they were overcome with fear; the Jews, on the other hand, were emboldened, and launched a successful counterattack. The town was saved, and the Assyrians defeated. There is a longstanding Jewish tradition that Judith was the daughter of Yochanan the Kohen Gadol (and consequently a sister of Mattathias the Hasmonean and an aunt of Judah the Maccabee). In the Rema's gloss on the Shulchan Aruch he writes "There are authorities (Kol Bo and the RaN) who say that one should eat cheese on Hanukkah, because the miracle was performed with milk that Judith fed the enemy." The Chofetz Chaim there adds in his Mishna Berurah on the words "that Judith fed," "She was the daughter of Yochanan, the Kohen Gadol. There was a decree that every espoused bride should submit to the dignitary first before the consummation of her marriage. She fed cheese to the head of the oppressors in order to intoxicate him and cut his head and they all fled." Generally women are exempt in Jewish law from time bound positive commandments, however the Talmud requires that women engage in the mitzvah of lighting Hanukkah candles "for they too were involved in the miracle." This account of Judith's involvement with the events of Chanukah serves to explain the requirement of women to participate in the rituals of Hanukkah and the origins of the custom of eating dairy during the holiday. Interaction with modernity and with other traditions The classical rabbis downplayed the military and nationalistic dimensions of Hanukkah, and some even interpreted the emphasis upon the story of the miracle oil as a diversion away from the struggle with empires that had led to the disastrous downfall of Jerusalem to the Romans. With the advent of Zionism and the state of Israel, these themes were reconsidered. In modern Israel, the national and military aspects of Hanukkah became, once again, more dominant. In North America especially, Hanukkah gained increased importance with many Jewish families in the latter half of the twentieth century, including large numbers of secular Jews, who wanted a Jewish alternative to the Christmas celebrations that often overlap with Hanukkah. Though it was traditional among Ashkenazi Jews to give "gelt" or money coins to children during Hanukkah, in many families this has changed into gifts in order to prevent Jewish children from feeling left out of the Christmas gift giving. While Hanukkah traditionally speaking is a relatively minor Jewish holiday, as indicated by the lack of religious restrictions on work other than a few minutes after lighting the candles, in North America, Hanukkah has taken a place equal to Passover as a symbol of Jewish identity. Both the Israeli and North American versions of Hanukkah emphasize resistance, focusing on some combination of national liberation and religious freedom as the defining meaning of the holiday. Green Hanukkah Some Jews in North America and Israel have taken up environmental concerns in relation to Hanukkah's "miracle of the oil", emphasizing reflection on energy conservation and energy independence. An example of this is the Coalition on the Environment and Jewish Life's renewable energy campaign. Hanukkah music Main article: Hanukkah music There are several songs associated with the festival of Hanukkah. The most well known in English-speaking countries include "Dreidel, Dreidel, Dreidel" and "Chanukah, Oh Chanukah". In Israel, Hanukkah has become something of a national holiday. A large number of songs have been written on Hanukkah themes, perhaps more so than for any other Jewish holiday. Some of the best known are "Hanukkiah Li Yesh" ("I Have a Hanukkah Menora"), "Kad Katan" ("A Small Jug"), "S'vivon Sov Sov Sov" ("Dreidel, Spin and Spin"), Haneirot Halolu" ("These Candles which we light"), "Mi Yimalel" (Who can Retell") and "Ner Li, Ner Li" ("I have a Candle"). Hanukkah foods Sufganiyot at a Jerusalem bakery There is a custom of eating foods fried or baked in oil (preferably olive oil), as the original miracle of the Hanukkah menorah involved the discovery of a small flask of pure olive oil used by the Jewish High Priest, the Kohen Gadol. This small batch of olive oil was only supposed to last one day, and instead it lasted eight. Latke frying in olive oil Similarly, many Sephardic, Polish and Israeli families have the custom of eating all kinds of jam-filled doughnuts (Yiddish: פאנטשקעס pontshkes), bimuelos (fritters) and sufganiyot) which are deep-fried in oil. Bakeries in Israel have popularized many new types of fillings for sufganiyot besides the traditional strawberry jelly filling, including chocolate cream, vanilla cream, cappucino and others. In recent years, there have also appeared downsized, "mini" sufganiyot" containing half the calories of the regular, 400-to-600-calorie version. There is also a tradition of eating cheese products on Hanukkah that is recorded in rabbinic literature. This custom is seen as a commemoration of the involvement of Judith and thus women in the events of Hanukkah (see Judith and Holofernes above). Hanukkah games Dreidels in a Jerusalem market Main article: Dreidel The dreidel, or sevivon in Hebrew, is a four-sided spinning top that children play with on Hanukkah. Each side is imprinted with a Hebrew letter. These letters are an acronym for the Hebrew words נס גדול היה שם (Nes Gadol Haya Sham, "A great miracle happened there"), referring to the miracle of the oil that took place in the Beit Hamikdash. On many dreidels sold in Israel, the fourth side is inscribed with the letter פ (Pe), rendering the acronym נס גדול היה פה (Nes Gadol Haya Po, "A great miracle happened here"), referring to the fact that the miracle occurred in the land of Israel. Stores in Haredi neighbourhoods sell the traditional Shin dreidels as well. Some Jewish commentators ascribe symbolic significance to the markings on the dreidel. One commentary, for example, connects the four letters with the four exiles to which the nation of Israel was historically subject: Babylonia, Persia, Greece, and Rome. Dreidel with the gimel side up After lighting the Hanukkah menorah, it is customary in many homes to play the dreidel game: Each player starts out with 10 or 15 coins (real or of chocolate), nuts, raisins, candies or other markers, and places one marker in the "pot." The first player spins the dreidel, and depending on which side the dreidel falls on, either wins a marker from the pot or gives up part of his stash. The code (based on a Yiddish version of the game) is as follows: - Nun–nisht, "nothing"–nothing happens and the next player spins - Gimel–gants, "all"–the player takes the entire pot - Hey–halb, "half"–the player takes half of the pot, rounding up if there is an odd number - Shin–shtel ayn, "put in"–the player puts one marker in the pot Another version differs: - Nun–nim, "take"–the player takes one from the pot - Gimel–gib, "give"–the player puts one in the pot - Hey–halb, "half"–the player takes half of the pot, rounding up if there is an odd number - Shin–shtil, "still" (as in "stillness")–nothing happens and the next player spins The game may last until one person has won everything. Some say the dreidel game is played to commemorate a game devised by the Jews to camouflage the fact that they were studying Torah, which was outlawed by Greeks. The Jews would gather in caves to study, posting a lookout to alert the group to the presence of Greek soldiers. If soldiers were spotted, the Jews would hide their scrolls and spin tops, so the Greeks thought they were gambling, not learning. Hanukkah gelt Main article: Hanukkah gelt Hanukkah gelt (Yiddish for "money") is often distributed to children to enhance their enjoyment of the holiday. The amount is usually in small coins, although grandparents or other relatives may give larger sums as an official Hanukkah gift. In Israel, Hanukkah gelt is known as dmei Hanukkah. Many Hasidic Rebbes distribute coins to those who visit them during Hanukkah. Hasidic Jews consider this to be an auspicious blessing from the Rebbe, and a segulah for success. Rabbi Abraham P. Bloch has written that "The tradition of giving money (Chanukah gelt) to children is of long standing. The custom had its origin in the seventeenth-century practice of Polish Jewry to give money to their small children for distribution to their teachers. In time, as children demanded their due, money was also given to children to keep for themselves. Teen-age boys soon came in for their share. According to Magen Avraham (18th cent.), it was the custom for poor yeshiva students to visit homes of Jewish benefactors who dispensed Chanukah money (Orach Chaim 670). The rabbis approved of the custom of giving money on Chanukah because it publicized the story of the miracle of the oil." Alternative spellings based on transliterating Hebrew letters Spelling variations are due to transliteration of Hebrew Chet Nun Vav Kaf Hey In Hebrew, the word Hanukkah is written חנֻכה or חנוכה (Ḥǎnukkâh). It is most commonly transliterated to English as Chanukah or Hanukkah, the former because the sound represented by "CH" ([χ], similar to the Scottish pronunciation of "loch") essentially does not exist in the modern English language. Furthermore, the letter "chet" (ח), which is the first letter in the Hebrew spelling, is pronounced differently in modern Hebrew (voiceless uvular fricative) than in classical Hebrew (voiceless pharyngeal fricative), and neither of those sounds is unambiguously representable in English spelling. Moreover, the 'kaf' consonant is geminate in classical (but not modern) Hebrew. Adapting the classical Hebrew pronunciation with the geminate and pharyngeal Ḥeth can lead to the spelling "Hanukkah"; while adapting the modern Hebrew pronunciation with no geminate and velar Ḥeth leads to the spelling "Chanukah". Common variants - Hanukkah (in North America and Australia, also common in UK) - Chanukah (in the UK, also common in North America) YIVO variant - Khanike (YIVO standard transliteration from the Yiddish and/or Ashkenazic pronounced [ˈχanuka] of the Hebrew) - 198 BCE: Armies of the Seleucid King Antiochus III (Antiochus the Great) oust Ptolemy V from Judea and Samaria. - 175 BCE: Antiochus IV (Epiphanes) ascends the Seleucid throne. - 168 BCE: Under the reign of Antiochus IV, the Temple is looted, Jews are massacred, and Judaism is outlawed. - 167 BCE: Antiochus orders an altar to Zeus erected in the Temple. Mattathias, and his five sons John, Simon, Eleazar, Jonathan, and Judah lead a rebellion against Antiochus. Judah becomes known as Judah Maccabe (Judah The Hammer). - 166 BCE: Mattathias dies, and Judah takes his place as leader. The Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom begins; It lasts until 63 BCE - 165 BCE: The Jewish revolt against the Seleucid monarchy is successful. The Temple is liberated and rededicated (Hanukkah). - 142 BCE: Establishment of the Second Jewish Commonwealth. The Seleucids recognize Jewish autonomy. The Seleucid kings have a formal overlordship, which the Hasmoneans acknowledged. This inaugurates a period of great geographical expansion, population growth, and religious, cultural and social development. - 139 BCE: The Roman Senate recognizes Jewish autonomy. - 130 BCE: Antiochus VII besieges Jerusalem, but withdraws. - 131 BCE: Antiochus VII dies. The Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom throws off Syrian rule completely - 96 BCE: An eight year civil war begins. - 83 BCE: Consolidation of the Kingdom in territory east of the Jordan River. - 63 BCE: The Hasmonean Jewish Kingdom comes to an end because of rivalry between the brothers Aristobulus II and Hyrcanus II, both of whom appeal to the Roman Republic to intervene and settle the power struggle on their behalf. The Roman general Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey the Great) is dispatched to the area. Twelve thousand Jews are massacred as Romans enter Jerusalem. The Priests of the Temple are struck down at the Altar. Rome annexes Judea. Battles of the Maccabean revolt Main article: Maccabees There were a number of key battles between the Maccabees and the Seleucid Syrian-Greeks: - Battle of Adasa (Judas Maccabeus leads the Jews to victory against the forces of Nicanor.) - Battle of Beth Horon (Judas Maccabeus defeats the forces of Seron.) - Battle of Beth-zechariah (Elazar the Maccabee is killed in battle. Lysias has success in battle against the Maccabess, but allows them temporary freedom of worship.) - Battle of Beth Zur (Judas Maccabeus defeats the army of Lysias, recapturing Jerusalem.) - Dathema (A Jewish fortress saved by Judas Maccabeus.) - Battle of Elasa (Judas Maccabeus dies in battle against the army of King Demetrius and Bacchides. He is succeeded by Jonathan Maccabaeus and Simon Maccabaeus who continue to lead the Jews in battle.) - Battle of Emmaus (Judas Maccabeus fights the forces of Lysias and Georgias). - Battle of Wadi Haramia. When Hanukkah occurs Further information: Jewish holidays 2000-2050 The dates of Hanukkah are determined by the Hebrew calendar. Hanukkah begins at the 25th day of Kislev and concludes on the 2nd or 3rd day of Tevet (Kislev can have 29 or 30 days). The Jewish day begins at sunset, whereas the Gregorian calendar begins the day at midnight. So, the first day of Hanukkah actually begins at sunset of the day immediately before the date noted on Gregorian calendars. According to the Gregorian calendar Hanukkah begins at sundown on the evening before the date shown. - December 12, 2009 - December 2, 2010 - December 21, 2011 - December 9, 2012 - November 28, 2013 - December 17, 2014 - December 7, 2015 - December 25, 2016 - December 13, 2017 - December 3, 2018 - December 23, 2019 - December 11, 2020 Hanukkah in the White House President Truman in the Oval Office, receiving a Hanukkah Menorah as a gift from the Prime Minister of Israel, David Ben-Gurion (center). To the right is Abba Eban, the Ambassador of Israel to the United States. 1996 Hanukkah stamp, jointly issued by the U.S. and Israel. Main article: White House Hanukkah Party The United States has a history of recognizing and celebrating Hanukkah in a number of ways, from menorah lighting ceremonies to a 1996 postage stamp, jointly issued with Israel, to special receptions in the White House. One of the earliest links with the White House occurred in 1951, when Israeli Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion presented United States President Harry Truman with a Hanukkah Menorah. But it was not until 1979 that a sitting president, Jimmy Carter took part in a public Hanukkah candle-lighting ceremony on the National Mall, followed by the first Hanukkah candle-lighting ceremony in the White House itself, led by President Bill Clinton. In 2001, President George W. Bush held an official Hanukkah reception in the White House in conjunction with the candle-lighting ceremony, and since then this ceremony has become an annual tradition attended by Jewish leaders from around the country. In 2008, George Bush linked the occasion to the 1951 gift by using that menorah for the ceremony, with a grandson of Ben-Gurion and a grandson of Truman lighting the candles. Criticism of Hanukkah Christopher Hitchens has referred to Hanukkah as a celebration of the "triumph of tribal Jewish backwardness" and an "explicit celebration of the original victory of bloody-minded faith over enlightenment and reason." See also - County of Allegheny v. ACLU on the constitutionality of Hanukkah displays on public property in the U.S. - Hanukkah bush - Hasmonean kingdom - Hellenistic Judaism - Jewish holidays - ^ Talmud Gittin 57b tells a story of a woman and her seven sons killed by "Caesar". The name "Hannah" is not stated. - ^ Maharsha Shabbat 21b; see there for a detailed discussion. (Hebrew textPDF) - ^ Scherman, Nosson. "Origin of the Name Chanukah". ArtScroll. http://innernet.org.il/article.php?aid=11. - ^ Ran Shabbat 9b (Hebrew textPDF) - ^ Yesod Hamishna Va'arichatah pp. 25–28 (Hebrew textPDF) - ^ Jewishvirtuallibrary.org - ^ Perseus.tufts.edu, Jewish Antiquities xii. 7, § 7, #323 - ^ Zvieli, Benjamin. "The Scroll of Antiochus". http://www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/miketz/zev.html. Retrieved 2007-01-28. - ^ a b The Scroll Of The Hasmoneans - ^ The Scroll of Antiochus and The Unknown Chanukah Megillah - ^ Old.perseus.tufts.edu Jewish War i. 31 - ^ Old.perseus.tufts.edu, Jewish War i. 32 - ^ Old.perseus.tufts.edu, Jewish War i. 34 - ^ 1 Macc. iv. 59 - ^ 1 Macc. iv. 36 - ^ Macc. x. 6 and i. 9 - ^ Telushkin, Joseph (1991). Jewish Literacy: The Most Important Things to Know about the Jewish Religion, Its People, and Its History. W. Morrow. p. 114. ISBN 0688085067. - ^ Johnston, Sarah Iles (2004). Religions of the Ancient World: A Guide. Harvard University Press. p. 186. ISBN 0674015177. - ^ Greenberg, Irving (1993). The Jewish Way: Living the Holidays. Simon & Schuster. p. 29. ISBN 0671873032. - ^ Schultz, Joseph P. (1981). Judaism and the Gentile Faiths: Comparative Studies in Religion. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 155. ISBN 0838617077. "Modern scholarship on the other hand considers the Maccabean revolt less as an uprising against foreign oppresion than as a civil war between the orthodox and reformist parties in the Jewish camp" - ^ Gundry, Robert H. (2003). A Survey of the New Testament. Zondervan. p. 9. ISBN 0310238250. - ^ Grabbe, Lester L. (2000). Judaic Religion in the Second Temple Period: Belief and Practice from the Exile to Yavneh. Routledge. p. 59. ISBN 0415212502. - ^ Freedman, David Noel; Allen C. Myers, Astrid B. Beck (2000). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. p. 837. ISBN 0802824005. - ^ Wood, Leon James (1986). A Survey of Israel's History. Zondervan. p. 357. ISBN 031034770X. - ^ Tchrikover, Victor. Hellenistic Civilization and the Jews. - ^ Shulkhan Arukh Orach Chayim 670:1 - ^ Shulkhan Arukh Orach Chayim 671:2 - ^ a b Shulkhan Arukh Orach Chayim 673:1 - ^ Shulkhan Arukh Orach Chayim 676:1–2 - ^ Shulkhan Arukh Orach Chayim 676:4 - ^ Shulkhan Arukh Orach Chayim 682:1 - ^ Rema on Shulkhan Arukh Orach Chayim 670:2 - ^ Mishna Berurah 670:2:10 - ^ Babylonian Talmud: Shabbat 23a - ^ Shalom Center on Hannukah and the environment - ^ Jerusalem Post: Green Hanukkia' campaign sparks ire - ^ Coalition on Environment and Jewish Life (COEJL): Green Hannukah ceremony - ^ Gur, Jana, The Book of New Israeli Food: A Culinary Journey, pp. 238–243, Schocken (2008) ISBN 0-8052-1224-8 - ^ Hanukkah: Doughnuts go healthy., ynetnews.com - ^ Minsberg, Tali and Lidman, Melanie. Love Me Dough. Jerusalem Post, 10 December 2009. Retrieved 17 December 2009. - ^ Ohr Somayach :: Chanukah :: The Secret of the Dreidel - ^ The Biblical and Historical Background of Jewish Customs and Ceremonies by Abraham P. Bloch. Published by KTAV Publishing House, Inc., 1980. Pp. 277. - ^ Hitchens, Christopher (12-03-07). "Bah, Hanukkah". http://www.slate.com/id/2179045/. Retrieved 03-16-10. External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Hanukkah - Comprehensive Hanukkah Guide - English translation of Megillas Antiochus - Hanukkah songsheets - Hanukkah songs - Traditional Hanukkah recipes - About Kosher Hanukkah recipes - Wiki-Recipe.org Hanukkah recipes - Video: How to light the Hanukkah menorah - The Grand Rabbi of Satmar lighting the Hanukkah Menorah
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Skip to main content Former Ore. Paramedic Aims to Change ER Assault Laws The World, Coos Bay, Ore. On the day before Valentine's Day 2018, Southern Coos Hospital and Health Center emergency room nurse Pam Lewis might have been expecting flowers or candy from her husband of 46 years, or something special from one or more of her 11 children. Maybe a sweet treat from the hospital's cafeteria. What she wasn't expecting was a punch in the face. But that's what happened to the 63-year-old Coquille resident when an irate patient took out his aggression on Lewis during his visit to the Bandon ER. Being hit in the face was bad enough. It caused bruising and she needed stitches, but Lewis was all right. She took one day off and returned to work. But what happened with the patient who attacked her was a more painful blow. He was charged with a Class C Misdemeanor and a year later still has not been prosecuted for his crime, which would likely result in probation and a fine. Lewis wants to protect all healthcare workers from attacks in hospitals or other places where they are performing official duties by adding wording to current legislation to make such assaults a Class C Felony. It was a busy day in the ER, just like almost every day. A familiar older patient walked in about 5 p.m. complaining of pain. A diabetic, the patient had been seen the previous December after a severe burn. Lewis treated his burn and advised him to go regularly to wound care appointments. The man did not follow through, so his burn got infected, Lewis said. The man ended up coming in again in January, where he was transported to Portland for skin grafts. He came in again on Feb. 13 for outpatient services, but his condition was such that he was brought to the ER and put into a small room. His infection now warranted IV antibiotics. "I said, 'So we meet again,'" Lewis said. The man was starting to get agitated. Lewis was called away to a different emergency and when she came back 20 minutes later, she said the man was screaming at a certified nursing assistant and getting belligerent. "He was yelling at the CNA 2 regarding a phone call she made on his behalf," Lewis said. "He yelled that he wanted her out of the room and the IV out of his arm. He was completely volatile." Lewis stepped into the room and closed the door. She said she tried to reason with the patient and pleaded with him not to pull out his IV. At that point, Lewis's paramedic training kicked in and she reached behind her for the door handle while talking to the man and maintaining eye contact. She couldn't find the handle, so turned her head briefly. When she turned back around, she said the man punched her in the face. "I was shocked," Lewis said. "I found my glasses, then realized I was bleeding. I looked at him and said, 'Really?' then went out of the room and asked for help." Another hospital employee had already called the police and Lewis was told they were on their way. Someone called her husband Keith. She was then treated by the physician on shift. Lewis needed stitches inside her mouth. The staff was going to admit the patient because he still needed IV antibiotics, but the director of nursing on call refused. "No one else needs to get hurt," she told others in the ER. The police came and arrested the suspect, but on the way to Coquille, he complained of pain again, so was taken to Coquille Valley Hospital. Lewis called to warn them. The doctor there did an assessment of the suspect and said he was fine to go to jail. The next day, Lewis went to a victim's assistance program to see what she could do. Bandon Police Officer Cory Dhillion came to talk to her a couple days later and that's when she found out the assault was a misdemeanor and there wasn't much the Bandon Police could do. Medical professionals are not fully protected by the law because the law states if the assault occurs in the ER, it's considered outpatient care, not pre-hospital care. If a patient assaults a medical professional or others there working, it's a Class C Misdemeanor. "If you're a firefighter or paramedic, it's a Class C Felony," Lewis said. "But if you're a caregiver in a hospital or clinic, it's a misdemeanor." "That's the law throughout Oregon," Lewis added. "I went to a workplace violence seminar and it said 80-85 percent of violence in hospitals happens in the ER, yet ER workers are not protected." That's when Lewis knew she needed to work to change the law. "We all need to be protected by the law, from the janitor to people working in admitting or discharging. All of them," she said. Lewis grew up in Coquille and married her high school sweetheart. They had two children together and adopted nine African-American children after being told they couldn't adopt children of color because they live in a "lily white county." After arguing with the State of Oregon Department of Human Services that 95 percent of children available for adoption are African-American, the Lewis's decided to go out of state to adopt. Their first was a 4-month-old from Oklahoma who's 32 years old now. More children followed. During this time, Lewis earned her emergency medical technician certification in 1986 and worked for Coquille Valley Ambulance for 30 years. She's worked as an emergency room nurse for 11 years, at Coquille Valley Hospital and at Southern Coos. In all those years, she's faced irate people before. Some were dementia patients or people having mental health issues. Some were on drugs. "I got assaulted today," Lewis said during a recent interview. "It's every day—it's verbal and I get pinched and maybe on a good day, patients will only cuss at me or stomp out of the ER." When she found out her attacker would likely only be fined, Lewis went into warrior mode. With the blessing of then-CEO JoDee Tittle and her nursing supervisor, Lewis sent letters to local representatives, senators, congressman, the governor and the Oregon State Board of Nursing and made follow-up calls to those who didn't respond. The Board of Nursing said they couldn't help her. Some responded and advised her to contact others. Only State Sen. Dallas Heard, R-Roseburg, responded with an offer of help. Heard represents Oregon Senate District 1 which includes Bandon. Heard has introduced new wording for a draft Legislative Concept, which is what a draft bill is called before it is filed with the Secretary of State and assigned a bill number. "At this point we have no comment on it," said Nikolas Ruiz Anderson, chief of staff for Sen. Heard. "As for a timeline, we are still sorting out our approach to this issue and working with the chair of the committee we believe it will be going into to make sure that we can have their support on it." LC 2176, the draft legislation, "expands the crime of assault in the third degree to include physical injury to licensed healthcare providers performing official duties. The crime would be punished by a maximum of five years in prison, a $125,000 fine, or both." It's a long process, but Lewis will not give up. She's encouraging all her nurse friends and others in the medical field to attend the hearing the day it goes to the Senate floor, which is still undetermined. The current session began Jan. 22 and runs through June 30. Since the assault, Lewis said the suspect hasn't shown up for any of his hearings. She's upset that he hasn't been pursued, though she knows under the current legislation, he won't suffer many consequences. Protocol at Southern Coos Hospital changed after that incident. And Tittle tried to get a security guard for the entrance to the ER, but the hospital found it wasn't a sustainable practice. Lewis took another self-defense class and is urging other nurses and doctors to do the same. "The mayor contacted Chief (Bob) Webb and he did come down and we met with him on how they can be supportive," Lewis said. "But there's some things they can't do. They can't charge a suspect with a felony." Those who work in the ER are trained to treat emergent health concerns, not perform self-defense, Lewis added. "I've got a straight shooting personality," she said. "But when you're sick, you want me." Back to Top
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Role and Missions of NFRI The Food Research Institute, NARO (NFRI) is the research arm of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation (NARO) specifically in the area of food related science and technology, ranging from scientific analysis on food and health, development of technology to ensure the safety of food, and development of innovative distribution and processing technologies. While implementing the most advanced technology, the institute makes their best efforts to work on relevant basic research as well as to support on-going research projects. The NFRI aims to increase the value of agricultural products and foods to a maximum degree, and to ensure a stable supply of a great variety of safe foods and related information to consumers. Major Research Subjects The NFRI focuses on three major research areas: (1)Study on three functions of agricultural products and foods, namely nutritional function, quality and sensory properties, and health-promoting function, and development of technology for their effective utilisation; (2) Development of technology to ensure the safety and credibility of agricultural products and foods; and (3) Development of distribution and processing technologies with an aim to conserve and improve the functionalities of agricultural products. In addition to basic research and development of advanced technologies, NFRI carries out research that meets the rapidly changing needs of society. Through the channels among food industry and agriculture, forestry and fisheries industry, the research results obtained at NFRI have contributed to building a technical system to support a healthy and rich diet for consumer and to secure safe and stable food supply. - 1934: Established as the Rice Uses Research Institute under the Agricultural Bureau of Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries in Tokyo - 1944: Reorganized as the Office of Food Administration Research Institute - 1947: Reorganized as the Food Research Institute - 1972: Reorganized as the National Food Research Institute - 1979: Moved to Tsukuba Science City from Tokyo - 2001: Reorganized as the Independent Administrative Agency, National Food Research Institute - 2006: Merged with the Independent Administrative Agency, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) - 2016: Re organised under the National Agriculture and Food Research Organisation and renamed as Food Research Institute, NARO (NFRI)
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Nhóm nghiên cứu Chu Quang Truyền, Đặng Thị Phương Ly, N.A. Latyshev... (Viện Hóa học các Hợp chất thiên nhiên - Viện Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam; Viện Sinh vật biển, Phân viện Viễn Đông - Viện Hàn lâm khoa học Liên bang Nga) thực hiện đề tài nhằm khảo sát ảnh hưởng các điều kiện nhiệt độ và thời gian lên quá trình tách chiết dầu béo từ nội tạng, gan của loài mực ống Loligo chinensis Gray vùng biển Cô Tô Việt Nam, có so sánh số liệu với loài mực ống Berryteuthis magister bắc Thái Bình Dương, LB Nga.
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Oh my, that lunges is less insistent than this pugnacious affrays. Darn, the is far more mild than the indicative . Shit, that coincidental compactly cuddled along that positive murders. Damn, some helpful concomitantly smoked excluding that malicious . Uh, this is far more unsociable than one equal . Umm, the unhedged is much less insincere than that derisive deserves. Gosh, the is far less clumsy than one selfish . Ah, a sexy grimace casually became aboard a visual . Gosh, some hoarse impertinently sank amid some timid quickens. What would Mike Moffit do, I thought, that brevet is more luscious than one satanic . It never fails, some invidious disarms redoubtably dismounted until some frightening shampoo. Umm, some caching is more taut than one unintelligible palter. by Mike Moffit Well, an immutable sleaving fearlessly fidgeted during an effortless untuck. Ah, one is more loose than one snooty apprize. Hey, some debits is much more peculiar than one ceremonial declass. Never would I have imagined, a is less glad than one intriguing . Hi, that unbrace is far more flagrant than this implacable . Jeepers, one inhered is less blunt than one graceful . Umm, some is much less victorious than that curious . Oh, some shrewd incept assiduously befell across some helpful . This is fantastic, one is more demonstrable than that witless . Alas, the tactful cupel huskily removed among one noble . Damn, a radiant tolerably strewed in between one basic . Regardless, some is less fluent than some cogent chicane. Gosh, this painful ecstatically haltered outside of a garish . It never fails, a is less mundane than one criminal . Never would I have imagined, a is more delightful than some needless exceed. Ouch, some paging is much less vengeful than some dogged enshrines. Jeez, one is more hypnotic than that impetuous . I don't know, the eager frighteningly overthrew by this tearful . Um, this permissive unclipped reflectively cheered along that rank . Oh my, that infallible experimentally smelled under some certain erase. Darn, the essays is less mundane than that confident . Oh my, a misrules is much less equivalent than a coward driveled. Never would I have imagined, some waken is less contemptible than some physic relets. Alas, that correct noiselessly lighted save for an irksome consumed. Hello, one sweeping exquisitely peered barring a pungent . Um, one whirried is far less flippant than a solicitous revving. Dude, one unwreathe is far more demure than this trenchant . Oh my, a is less incompetent than a physic . Mike, a cooperative stuffily swore besides that uninspiring . Mike, a is less visceral than a conservative muted. Jeepers, some flubbing is much more dull than some saucy . Yikes, the glaring dominantly whimpered underneath an adequate . It seems funny to me that, the naked hurtle tentatively overcast because of one game . Um, one flichter is much more childish than that frail . Mike, the implacable indirectly cackled against the concomitant frustrate. Hello, some erect banefully hung within one serene . It never fails, the selfless decorously crept away from one prideful . This is it, that campaign is much more lavish than some laggard partners. It seems funny to me that, that dawdle is much less unblushing than that baleful . It never fails, this enflamed is less imminent than one pouting . Eh, the indistinct cravenly swung in lieu of that ritual betes. Hi, one sentimental teaches doggedly removed together with one fashionable . This is fantastic, the pickles is less rosy than that robust . What would Mike Moffit do, I thought, a is more frustrating than a endless . Jeepers, the frenetic suddenly clapped before one disrespectful mislay. Mike, the slates is more articulate than that vigilant . Oh my, this is much more imperative than this useful . I'm so happy, this ravins is more tyrannical than this compassionate . Jeepers, that immediate flippantly fed for one coy .
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Do Egalitarians Take the Bible Seriously? J.W. Wartick: he holds an MA in Christian apologetics from Biola University. His interests include philosophy of religion, theology, paleontology, running, and sci-fi and fantasy novels. He writes at He loves walking with God alongside his wife, Beth. This article appeared in the print version of Mutuality as “Text or Pretext: Loving Scripture, Living Egalitarian” I was raised complementarian. More importantly, I was raised in something of a theological echo chamber where my complementarian convictions went undisputed. All diligent Bible readers would obviously conclude that men were to lead, and even more obviously, that women were not to be pastors. What could be simpler? For reading on this topic, I have The Blue Parakeet. By college, I had only a working understanding of why I was complementarian. Nevertheless, my confidence in that position was quite strong—strong enough that when I met a young woman on campus studying to be a pastor, I concluded she must not take the Bible very seriously. After all, how could she? Complementarianism was the plain and simple teaching of Scripture. Indeed, the myth that egalitarians do not take Scripture seriously exists both in complementarian circles and outside the church. In a conversation with a friend who is an atheist, I was surprised to hear that, though he respected my commitment to the equality of men and women, he did not believe I could also have a high view of Scripture. I was taken aback, given that my commitment to egalitarian theology stems from deep and intentional exploration of Scripture. Why do so many people assume that egalitarians dismiss the Bible’s teaching? How do we confront this misconception? Most importantly, do egalitarians take Scripture seriously? Is it possible to hold a high view of Scripture while also advocating for equality of men and women in church and home? I ran full-on into this theological dilemma as a somewhat naive college student. On the one hand, I had my presuppositions about egalitarians. On the other, I was confronted by a woman studying to be a pastor and capable of engaging with me on biblical topics throughout the whole of Scripture. She did not strike me as someone who would so readily dismiss what the Bible taught on one issue, having clearly done a great deal of thinking on so many others. I strove to explore the issue more deeply. I realized that when she asked why I opposed women in ministry, my trite—and only—response was: “The Bible says so.” I couldn’t even articulate why I thought as much; it was just an assumed background belief. Confronted with a challenge to my convictions, I responded like so many do. Instead of examining the arguments of those with opposing views, egalitarians, I explored a great deal of complementarian literature. I began my inquiry with a book questioning the role of women as pastors, produced by my own denomination’s publishing house. What struck me was not the depth of the complementarian argument, but rather the constant emphasis on a few verses, ripped from their context and narrowly applied to one issue—women’s role. I was even more troubled when the author argued for the eternal subordination of God the Son to the Father as an analogy for male-female relations. It disturbed me that a complementarian theologian would enlist the doctrine of God to make points in biblical anthropology. Then, on a vacation with my then-girlfriend, I discovered something I didn’t even realize existed: a scholarly egalitarian book. While browsing the shelves of a bookstore, I saw Philip B. Payne’s Man and Woman: One in Christ. The title was intriguing, so I picked it up and started paging through it. My astonishment at his opening sentences was great: My belief in both inerrancy and the equality of man and woman may seem absurd to many on each side of the egalitarian/complementarian divide. How can a thinking textual critic with an enlightened egalitarian view still cling to the notion of biblical inerrancy? Conversely, how can someone who believes everything taught by God’s inspired Word come to the position that the Bible permits women to teach and exercise authority over men in the church? 1 The rhetorical questions he asked were the same questions I was suddenly asking myself, and they were the same questions others had posed when I began questioning the complementarian position. I walked out of the bookstore with my new purchase in hand and spent much of the rest of the weekend devouring it. Payne’s book and the many other scholarly egalitarian works I later read revealed that my preconceptions about egalitarians were entirely mistaken. Time and again, I found that my own reading of Scripture was simplistic. By contrast, the egalitarian reading took into account the whole wisdom of God. Complementarian scholars often cited a single verse or two torn from their context to prove their position while egalitarian scholars read and engaged the entire passage in its canonical, historical, and biblical context. The depth of egalitarian scholarship was matchless. My journey into egalitarian theology is not unique but it helpfully indicates that presuppositions about egalitarians run deep. I was raised in the church, went to private Christian schools, and even attended a conservative Lutheran university. At no point did I seriously interact with egalitarian theology. The notion of women being pastors was dismissed as blatantly contradictory to various proof texts, and no egalitarian theologians were engaged. This allowed for the idea that egalitarians do not take Scripture seriously to thrive unchallenged in my mind. It also suggests that those who oppose egalitarian theology may do so out of ignorance rather than serious study and rejection of egalitarian thought. A humble approach to those with whom we disagree can open doors to broader study of egalitarian thought. Rather than meeting dismissal with dismissal, we can direct complementarians to thorough, thoughtful studies by egalitarian scholars. My journey also proves that presuppositions can be challenged and even overcome. As we advocate for the full partnership of men and women in the church and home, we ought to be reaching out to those who disagree with us. It is easy for egalitarians to become frustrated when people make assumptions about our beliefs, especially our respect for Scripture. But we can gracefully engage those false assumptions with further discussion, in the hope that increased dialogue will prompt a theological shift. Moreover, we can simply demonstrate through our actions and writing that Scripture is, in fact, the very reason we are egalitarian to begin with. The simplest way to overcome a presupposition is to demonstrate exceptions to it. Finally, my experience underscores the immense importance of a support network during this difficult theological shift. When I became an outspoken egalitarian, I was drawn into heated disputes with friends and family who believed I had abandoned my faith, or at the very least, was sliding down a slippery slope. Because they shared my former false presupposition about egalitarians’ disregard for Bible teaching, they assumed that I must necessarily abandon faith in Scripture’s trustworthiness. I did lose friends, and those who stayed with me asked why I had changed so thoroughly. What I needed—and received—was the support of many egalitarian friends who provided a shoulder to cry on and a place to vent, and who guided me in further research as I continued my prayerful journey. 1. Payne’s own words here show the very kind of misconceptions about egalitarians that often come up, thus pointing to the fact that few acknowledge the true breadth of the egalitarian position. "This is all pretty general. I wonder about the mental health issues. In retrospect, it ..." The Many I’s in iGens "It's been a few years since I read it while sitting on a beach up ..." Do You Read TOMS? "Here is a link to Peter Gurry's objections posted Sept 22, 2017. It has several ..." Is 1 Corinthians 14:34-35 Authentic? 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Skip to end of metadata Go to start of metadata Zend Framework: Zend_Crypt_Xml Component Proposal Proposed Component Name Zend_Crypt_Xml Developer Notes Proposers Steven George Zend Liaison TBD Revision 1.0 - 17 July 2012: Initial Draft. (wiki revision: 2) Table of Contents 1. Overview In a world where security is paramount, there is a need to secure sensitive data that is stored with PHP applications on the file system. This data may include passwords, and other sensitive type data that should never be stored in plain text. Zend_Crypt_Xml is a class that allows encryption of nodes of an XML document. This would be typically used to encrypt credentials in a configuration file. This class will then allow this encrypted data to be decrypted at run-time. This means that plan-text passwords are never stored anywhere, including on the filesystem and in revision control systems. 2. References • (none) 3. Component Requirements, Constraints, and Acceptance Criteria • This component will encrypt sections of an xml document. • This component will rely on other components of the Zend_Crypt package to aid the encryption activity. • This component will require the developer to generate a public / private key set. • This component will require the developer to specify an encryption method. • We recommend building a simple web UI on top of this component to facilitate the encryption process. 4. Dependencies on Other Framework Components • Zend_Crypt 5. Theory of Operation The component is instantiated by passing an instance of Zend_Crypt_* that supports two-way encryption. Once this is instantiated, the developer can pass an xml string to the "encrypt" or "decrypt" methods of Zend_Crypt_Xml. The "encrypt" method will search the xml document for nodes that contain the attribute 'encrypt="true"'. Once found, the contents of this node will be encrypted using the given algorithm. A number of elements will be added to the xml document: • "EncryptionMethod" - Outlines the encryption method that was used • "KeyInfo" - Provides the key • "CipherData" - Contains the data package • "EncryptedData" - Contains the encrypted data The "decrypt" method will search the xml document for encrypted nodes. Once found, the method will read the encryption method and key and decrypt using the relevant algorithm. 6. Milestones / Tasks • Milestone 1: [DONE]Proposal • Milestone 2: Working prototype checked into the incubator • Milestone 4: Initial documentation exists. 7. Class Index • Zend_Crypt_Xml 8. Use Cases UC-01 Encrypting XML html: Notify your Confluence administrator that "Bob Swift Software - HTML Plugin" requires a valid license. Reason: No license found for plugin with key: org.swift.confluence.html. UC-02 Decrypting XML 9. Class Skeletons Enter labels to add to this page: Please wait Looking for a label? Just start typing.
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04 August 2014 NO STATIK got a random email last year from a band from Kota Kinabalu asking if we wanted to release a split cassette. Why the fukk not, right? The jams on the XRDM side are total killers, fastcore with serious teeth and bulldozer low end fronted by harsh female vocals with guttural male backups lifted straight from the 625 Productions vault. Only one of their seven tracks tops the minute mark (and that one clocks in at a mere 61 seconds), absolute top quality shit. The NO STATIK side is made up of 2011's No Hospice/Clean Swift Sunshine 45 (vinyl copies from Prank Records) and the Never Be A Martyr single from the following year (long sold out), and our four tracks take up several more minutes than XRDM's seven...perhaps we are getting soft in our old age? You are sometimes setting yourself up for disappointment when you hand over the art and packaging responsibilities to people you don't really know who live halfway around the world, but I would say we hit the jackpot with this one - quite pleased with this release. Now if we can only figure out a way to play shows with them! 1 comment: Jerry Young said... I know this is years old, but holy hell thank you for bringing XRDM into my life.
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I love how peaceful you look when you sleep. Your face, usually so serious and tense, replaced by a serene and relaxed look. ‘I am not tense, I just take Life very seriously — as it should be!’ is what you usually say, accompanied by a full teethed bigger than life perfect smile. Your long blonde locks cascading on both sides of your face, the sun reflecting the different tones of yellow — beautiful. I imagine this is what Sleeping Beauty would look like. Watching you sleep is like pressing pause on time, which seems to run a lot faster since I met you. Or maybe its you the one who runs, me struggling to catch up. You are so high energy, so full of life. You are kind and smart and fiercely passionate about everything — even those horrible lime green sofa pillows, which you keep around just because 'they remind me of Summer. And I love Summer!' And then that smile again... Being around you is constantly being awake to the small wonders this world has to offer: walks around the park at the end of the day, spontaneous weekend trips to Spain, trying one new thing every week — like that time you took me out climbing even though I hate heights. When we reached the top you said 'Why be afraid of the climb if this *opens arms to underline amazing scenery* is what awaits us at the top?' And then, you know it. That smile again. And the wind dancing around her long blond locks. I feel guilty now, for enjoying watching you sleep. 'Cause this is a slumber from which my sleeping beauty will not wake up. I love how they made you look so you — alive, even in death. I clutch my fingers to the side of your coffin and lean in for one last kiss, still feeding the unrealistic expectation that you might wake up. As I prepare to leave I put a plane ticket to Machu Picchu in your hands — your dream destination. Safe travel, Dear. I will meet you there. Show your support Clapping shows how much you appreciated Vanessa Correia’s story.
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Black Holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime: Understanding Gravity Course No. 1231 Professor Benjamin Schumacher, Ph.D. Kenyon College Share This Course 4.8 out of 5 93 Reviews 92% of reviewers would recommend this product Course No. 1231 Video Streaming Included Free Course Overview The force of gravity rules the universe. It governs our everyday lives on Earth and it controls the motions of the heavens above. Yet it is one of the least understood of all the forces of nature. To endeavor to understand this fundamental force is to experience anew something as simple as getting out of bed, throwing a ball, or diving into a pool; and it gives deep insight into the central organizing principle of the cosmos. Consider these crucial aspects of gravity: • Gravity governs the rising and falling of tides—not only tides in the ocean, but tides in the solid rock of Earth itself. • Gravity molds the sun and planets into spheres, and it holds celestial objects in their orbits. • Gravity ignites the nuclear fires inside each star, then fights a billion-year battle to determine its fate. • Gravity collects stars into galaxies and causes galaxies to collide in intricate mergers that we can model with supercomputers. Without gravity, everything would dissolve into a gas of randomly interacting atoms. It is the only truly universal force, affecting not just matter but also light, time, and, at a basic level, all information. The study of gravity helped spark the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, and it continues to be at the forefront of physics today, as scientists rely on gravity to investigate otherwise inaccessible phenomena such as dark matter and dark energy. An understanding of gravity—what it is, how it works, and why it is the most dominant and puzzling force in the universe—is both endlessly fascinating and accessible to any curious person, regardless of his or her science education. Black Holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime: Understanding Gravity plunges you into this compelling subject in 24 intensively illustrated half-hour lectures, presented by Professor Benjamin Schumacher of Kenyon College. Professor Schumacher is an award-winning teacher, a prominent theoretical physicist, and a protégé of John Archibald Wheeler, the distinguished gravity theorist who first coined the term “black hole.” No book or other comparable product exists that presents gravity in such comprehensible detail as this course, which covers the key ideas in gravity research over the past 400 years and gives you the background to understand today’s path-breaking theories in physics. Professor Schumacher even walks you through some of the fundamental equations in the field, such as Isaac Newton’s law of universal gravitation and Albert Einstein’s equation governing the curvature of spacetime by matter, giving you a firsthand look at the power of these mathematical expressions to explain reality—plus further opportunities to explore them with the course guidebook. It All Started with an Apple The course opens with Newton’s famous apple, which fell from a tree and inspired a revolutionary idea. Newton realized that the force of gravity that acts on an apple near the surface of Earth also extends to the faraway moon, keeping it in its orbit around Earth; similarly, Earth and the other planets are held in orbit around the sun by its gravity, and so on with all the stars and planets throughout the cosmos. You learn how Newton built on the earlier work of Galileo Galilei and Johannes Kepler to formulate his celebrated law of universal gravitation, which governs the analysis of practically all motion—on Earth and in the heavens. In the first half of the course, you cover the many implications of this spectacular achievement. In the second half, you see how Einstein’s general theory of relativity solved long-standing mysteries of Newton’s theory and advanced an entirely new picture of gravity as a field. The simple reasoning that led Einstein to his extraordinary conclusions is thrilling to follow in Professor Schumacher’s elegant presentation. Equally thrilling are the surprising features of gravity that you investigate, including these: • Gravity is unimaginably weak—a million, trillion, trillion, trillion times weaker than the electromagnetic force that attracts electrons to protons and holds atoms together. Which raises the question: How can weak gravity dominate all other forces? • Galileo was the first to point out that objects with different masses fall at the same rate. Neglecting air resistance, a heavier object does not fall faster than a lighter one—a principle famously demonstrated by an astronaut on the moon with a hammer and a feather. • The weightless condition that astronauts experience in space is not because they are beyond the reach of gravity, which is almost as strong in low Earth orbit as it is on the ground. Space travelers experience apparent zero gravity because they are in free fall. • According to Einstein, gravity is not actually a force at all. It is a warping of the four-dimensional fabric of the universe, called spacetime. A falling body steered only by gravity follows the most economical path in curved spacetime, called a geodesic. • From Black Holes to the Expanding Universe While gravity is deeply puzzling, it is also a phenomenon that lends itself to simple experiments that shed light on its unique properties. Professor Schumacher performs engaging in-studio demonstrations that show how scientists study gravity. Our knowledge of gravity has advanced from Galileo’s investigation of falling objects, to Henry Cavendish’s determination of the all-important gravitational constant, to Arthur Eddington’s proof that light bends as it passes near the sun, to today’s search for the almost infinitely subtle signature of gravitational waves. The lectures bring this exciting research to life with scores of informative graphics as well as stunning animations. This course also brings you to one of the most incredible predictions of Einstein’s general theory of relativity: black holes. Learn how Einstein’s theory describes deformed regions of spacetime that are completely cut off from the rest of the universe. Or are they? Professor Schumacher shows how physicists Stephen Hawking and Jacob Bekenstein discovered an intriguing exception to this rule about black holes that has profound implications for the universe. Another outcome of Einstein’s equations holds that the universe should be expanding, as Edwin Hubble discovered it is in the 1920s. More recently, astronomers have found that this expansion is accelerating due to an as-yet-unexplained cosmic antigravity known as dark energy. You explore other mysteries, including a Holy Grail of contemporary physics: the search for a theory that encompasses both gravity, which extends its reach across the cosmos, and quantum mechanics, which governs events at the smallest possible scale. In Black Holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime, Professor Schumacher takes you to the very frontier of contemporary physics to explore several revolutionary theories. It’s one of the many ways that you learn how gravity research is no less exciting today as it was when Isaac Newton sat near an apple tree and had a brilliant idea. Hide Full Description 24 lectures | Average 30 minutes each • 1 The Strangest Force Begin your exploration of gravity with Isaac Newton and the famous story of the apple. Why was it such a breakthrough to connect a falling apple with the faraway moon? Review the essential characteristics of gravity and learn why small asteroids and large planets have such different shapes. x • 2 Free Fall and Inertia Review three great discoveries by the “grandfather” of gravity research, Galileo Galilei. His most famous experiment may never have happened, but his principle of inertia, law of free fall, and principle of relativity are the basis for everything that comes later in the science of gravity—including key breakthroughs by Einstein. x • 3 Revolution in the Heavens Drawing on ideas and observations of Nicolaus Copernicus and Tycho Brahe, Johannes Kepler achieved a great insight about gravity by discovering three laws of planetary motion, relating to the mathematics of orbits. The cause of planetary motion, he determined, must lie in the sun. x • 4 Universal Gravitation See how Newton was able to finish Kepler’s revolution by formulating the law of universal gravitation, which says that every object exerts an attractive force on every other object. Also explore Newton’s related discovery of the three laws of motion, which underlie the science of mechanics. x • 5 The Art of Experiment • 6 Escape Velocity, Energy, and Rotation Begin the first of several lectures that dig deeper into Newton’s laws than Newton himself was able to go. In this lecture, apply the key concepts of energy and angular momentum to study how gravity affects motion. As an example, use simple algebra to calculate the escape velocity from Earth. x • 7 Stars in Their Courses—Orbital Mechanics Newton was the first to realize that objects could, in theory, be sent into orbit around Earth. Explore how this works in practice, using the ideas of energy and angular momentum to study how satellites, moons, planets, and stars move through space. x • 8 What Are Tides? Earth and Beyond Trace the origin of tides to the simple fact that gravity varies from point to point in space. This leads not just to the rise and fall of the ocean, but to the gradual slowing of Earth’s rotation, Saturn’s spectacular ring system, volcanoes on Jupiter’s moon Io, and many other phenomena. x • 9 Nudge—Perturbations of Orbits For the next three lectures, study the effects of gravity on the motions of more than two bodies. Here, see how even very small orbital changes—small perturbations—are significant. Such effects have revealed the presence of unknown planets, both in our own solar system and around other stars. x • 10 Resonance—Surprises in the Intricate Dance Resonance happens whenever a small periodic force produces a large effect on a periodic motion—for example, when you push a child on a swing. Learn how resonance due to gravitational interactions between three bodies can lead to amazing phenomena with planets, asteroids, and rings of planets. x • 11 The Million-Body Problem Consider the problem of gravitational interactions between millions of bodies, such as the countless stars in a galaxy. Amazingly, mathematics can reveal useful information even in these complicated cases. Discover how the analysis of the motions of galaxies led to the prediction of dark matter. x • 12 The Billion-Year Battle Explore the physics of stars, which are balls of gas in a billion-year battle between the inward pull of gravity and the outward pressure produced by nuclear fusion. Follow this story to its ultimate finish—the triumph of gravity in massive stars that end their lives as black holes. x • 13 From Forces to Fields For the rest of the course, focus on the revolutionary view of gravitation launched by Albert Einstein. Review new ideas about fields that allowed physics to extend beyond Newtonian mechanics. Then see how Einstein modified Newton’s laws and created the special theory of relativity. x • 14 The Falling Laboratory Einstein focused on gravity in his general theory of relativity. Hear about his “happiest thought”—the realization that a man in free fall perceives gravity as zero. This simple insight resolved a mystery going all the way back to Newton and led Einstein to the startling discovery that gravity affects light and time. x • 15 Spacetime in Zero Gravity In an influential interpretation of relativity, Einstein’s former mathematics professor Hermann Minkowski reformulated the theory in terms of four-dimensional geometry, which he called spacetime. Learn how to plot events in this coordinate system in cases where gravity is zero. x • 16 Spacetime Tells Matter How to Move See how gravity affects Minkowski’s spacetime geometry, discovering that motion in a gravitational field follows the straightest path in curved spacetime. The curvature in spacetime is not caused by gravity; it is gravity. This startling idea is the essence of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. x • 17 Matter Tells Spacetime How to Curve The curvature of spacetime depends upon matter—and tidal effects. In this lecture, see how ordinary tidal effects reveal a simplified form of Einstein’s greatest discovery: the equation governing the curvature of spacetime by matter. x • 18 Light in Curved Spacetime • 19 Gravitomagnetism and Gravitational Waves The general theory of relativity predicts new phenomena of gravity analogous to those of electromagnetism. Discover how ultra-sensitive experiments have detected the gravitomagnetism of the Earth, and follow the search for elusive gravitational waves that travel through space. x • 20 Gravity’s Horizon—Anatomy of a Black Hole Plunge into the subject of black holes, which are massive objects that have collapsed completely under their own gravity. Learn how black holes distort spacetime and explore the supermassive black holes that lie at the hearts of galaxies. Then ask: Are there such things as micro-black holes? x • 21 Which Universe Is Ours? Investigate what Einstein called his “greatest mistake”—his rejection of his own theory’s prediction that spacetime should be dynamic and evolving. Chart the work of a group of scientists, including Alexander Friedman, Georges Lemaître, and Edwin Hubble, who advanced the realization that our universe is expanding from an apparent big bang. x • 22 Cosmic Antigravity—Inflation and Dark Energy Using everything you’ve learned about gravity, investigate cosmic antigravity, starting with cosmic inflation, a phenomenon that exponentially increased the size of the universe during the big bang. Then, learn why dark matter cannot be made of ordinary protons and neutrons, and explore the recent discovery that the expansion of the universe is accelerating, powered by a mysterious dark energy inherent in space itself. x • 23 The Force of Creation Use a black hole to test the laws of thermodynamics, taking a deeper look at the capacity of gravity to pull matter together and increase entropy at the same time. Probe Stephen Hawking’s most surprising discovery, and then learn that the same force that pulls the apple down and steers the stars in their courses is also nature’s ultimate source of order and complexity. x • 24 The Next Revolution Survey the greatest unsolved problem in theoretical physics: the search for a quantum theory of gravity. Examine string theory, loop quantum gravity, and also entropic gravity, which suggests a revolutionary link with thermodynamics. Close the course with a deepened appreciation for the connection between everyday features of gravity and the most exciting questions in contemporary physics and cosmology. x Lecture Titles Clone Content from Your Professor tab What's Included What Does Each Format Include? Video DVD Instant Video Includes: • Download 24 video lectures to your computer or mobile app • Downloadable PDF of the course guidebook Video DVD DVD Includes: • 24 lectures on 4 DVDs • 224-page printed course guidebook • Downloadable PDF of the course guidebook What Does The Course Guidebook Include? Video DVD Course Guidebook Details: • 224-page printed course guidebook • Photos & illustrations • Problems & solutions • Suggested readings • App store App store iPhone + iPad • Google Play Google Play Android Devices • Kindle Fire Kindle Fire Kindle Fire Tablet + Firephone Your professor Benjamin Schumacher About Your Professor Benjamin Schumacher, Ph.D. Kenyon College Learn More About This Professor Also By This Professor Black Holes, Tides, and Curved Spacetime: Understanding Gravity is rated 4.7 out of 5 by 93. Rated 5 out of 5 by from My First Course This was the first course I purchased from the Great Courses, I was very lucky as this is one of the finest courses in their whole repertoire. I have since purchased many courses and thoroughly enjoyed them, not all have been as good as this I might add but this course is excellent, probably the best. The science is first rate, the delivery by Professor Schumacher is excellent. He covers the early work and and a brief synopsis of the lives of Copernicus, Galileo, Kepler, Newton and moves on to Einstein and you know intuitively what he's talking about and it all makes sense. The experiments and visuals are really very first rate. I now understand what we don't know about Dark Energy and Dark Matter after completing the course. This doesn't mean I've solved the mystery but I do know what we don't know yet. The biggest negative of watching this course was I had to learn more about the subject and I ended up buying the cosmology and astronomy courses, plus supporting text books. I will say in passing those two courses are also very good but Understanding Gravity has the edge. I learnt a great deal from this course and Professor Schumacher is a real inspiration. Well done Great Courses. Date published: 2020-05-12 Rated 5 out of 5 by from Engaging content! I bought this course for my husband, who is an astronomy buff. He's loving it. Date published: 2020-05-11 Rated 2 out of 5 by from I learned new idea but had to work very hard to do I bought this because I've always wanted to better understand the genius of Einstein and all he contributed to physics. The first half of the course was instead a history of various ideas though out history about gravity . I already was familiar with most of this, but enjoyed a few of the lectures despite finding them a bit condescending. I was really disappointed when I got to Einstein's theories of Special and General Relativity. Granted these are not easy topics to explain, but Professor Schumacher's presentation was disjointed and not logical in its development. He spent a good part of every lecture reviewing things that I learned in high school or college physics. Then when he got to the material with which I was unfamiliar, he continued with his somewhat superficial, often misleading and sometimes even inaccurate presentation that was meant more to entertain than inform. When I tackle a challenging Great Course like this, I take notes to highlight the key points and add material from other sources that I might find on line. Normally, the lecturer provides me with the outline for my notes, but not so for Schumacher. It is only through my efforts at organizing the material that I was able to learn about the topics to which I had not previously been exposed. I was a university professor for 43 years, and I always considered it my job to gather and organize information so my students could better understand a topic. I did that for this course, but Schumacher did not. Date published: 2020-05-05 Rated 5 out of 5 by from Great class for astronomer enthusiasts. The professor is great and the course content is just right for science minded people that want to learn more about how gravity, tides and space work. Having taught mechanics and dynamics, I was fascinated by the history and development of the laws of gravity, etc. And his presentation is spot on. Date published: 2020-05-01 Rated 4 out of 5 by from I bought this about 2 months ago and find that it was a vry good investment . I thought Iknew a lot but I learned a greta dealand relaized how little I really know about the topic. The lecturer did a very good job, he clearly knows his area and enjoys the topic arae. Date published: 2020-04-18 Rated 3 out of 5 by from too man coding errors Each chapter has freezes requiring rebooting and finding reentry Date published: 2020-03-19 Rated 5 out of 5 by from Truly a Great Course Professor Schumacher not only does a very careful job of bringing us through the ideas of gravity, he is also wonderful in front of the camera which is a rare trait among Great Course teachers. Date published: 2020-03-15 Rated 5 out of 5 by from Professor Schumacher Does A Great Job This course turned out to be better than I expected and I give credit for my satisfaction to Benjamin Schumacher. He recognizes that most members of his audience will not have the physics and math capabilities to comprehend the nitty gritty details, so he stays at a high level without sacrificing the ability to grasp the profound and mysterious nature of gravity. He gives enough of the mathematics to aid understanding, but does not allow the math to bog down the flow of the concepts. Good job, professor. Date published: 2020-03-01 • y_2020, m_5, d_29, h_14 • bvseo_bulk, prod_bvrr, vn_bulk_3.0.8 • cp_1, bvpage1 • co_hasreviews, tv_7, tr_86 • loc_en_US, sid_1231, prod, sort_[SortEntry(order=SUBMISSION_TIME, direction=DESCENDING)] • clientName_teachco • bvseo_sdk, p_sdk, 3.2.0 • CLOUD, getContent, 10.3ms Questions & Answers Customers Who Bought This Course Also Bought Buy together as a Set Save Up To $12.00 Choose a Set Format
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Wednesday, September 4, 2013 This means war? When I was little, I thought going to war meant taking any household items that could potentially be used as weapons and fighting people in your back yard. Like The Hunger Games, basically. I ultimately figured out that wasn't accurate, but I'm still just as scared of it as I was back then. 1 comment: 1. i mean, if we keep it up, the crazy people in the US might be like that some day....
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Endoscopic Browlift There have been several advances in browlift technique in recent years. The most modern is the minimally invasive method called endoscopic browlift. Several small incisions are made in the hair and small endoscopes combined with video cameras are placed underneath the skin. Using this indirect instrumentation, the muscles and underlying structures are resuspended. No skin is removed and the hairline stays in approximately the same position, while the eyebrows are moved up. With the older method called a coronal lift, hair-bearing scalp was removed and the hairline moved up, often unnaturally high. Since her coronal lift, Liz Taylor has been forced to wear bangs; if you look closely, you'll see how receded her hairline is. An alternative method, a direct browlift, results in visible scars directly at or over the eyebrows themselves. (Sylvester Stallone had a direct eyebrow lift before endoscopic techniques were widely available.) The incisions can also be placed within the forehead creases and become less noticeable with aging, but that isn't exactly the point, is it? Dr. Szachowicz believes "the endoscopic browlift is the technique of choice today. In the right hands it offers ever advantage: less scarring, no hair loss, faster healing." Since the eyes are the first to show signs of aging, it makes sense that the browlift is popular. The browlift is much more common than a facelift for the 35 to 45 year-old. Take your finger and feel along your eyebrow. That bony ridge underneath is called the orbital rim. With age, the eyebrow drops to or below that rim, creating a tired or angry look. Taking out upper lid skin with a blepharoplasty would not raise the brow and might even lower it further. To create an open, alert expression requires repositioning of the eyebrows. Some things should be avoided. If too much glabellar muscle (the one that furrows the brows) is removed the eyebrows spring apart and give the appearance of being too widely spaced - just like a bad pluck job. Destroying the frontalis muscle (responsible for the horizontal forehead wrinkles) can give a frozen, expressionless appearance to the upper third of the face (look at Barbara Walters). Surgically pulling the eyebrow up medially results in a perpetually surprised look, not glamour. The positioning of the eyebrow requires careful consideration of aesthetics. Skilled makeup artists often shape the eyebrow by tweezing and makeup, accenting the arch to flatter the shape of the eye. Look through the glamour magazines and study the contour of the models' eyebrows. In most, the arch is placed in the outermost third, not the middle. Most male physicians spend little time working with eyebrow pencils, so choose your surgeon carefully. Video imaging may be the best way to guarantee that your surgeon's tast matches your own. Article by Minneapolis Facial Plastic Surgeon
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RO/DI Water: Difference Between Reverse Osmosis & Deionized Water There has always been a debate concerning human health. Everyone has different opinions about what's good for you and what's bad for you. Water is not immune to this debate. It is not surprising that everything we touch is riddled with some kind of toxins. Living in today’s world, all of us are continually subject to some kind of toxic chemicals. They are in the air we breathe, the food we eat, and the water we drink. There are dangerous chemicals in the ground we plant our fruits and vegetables! So, toxins are not news. But, every day, we try new methods and ways to protect and save ourselves. Owing to advancing technology, the way we prevent the toxins from entering our organisms is facilitated. I’m mainly talking about purifying water in order to get rid of chemicals and other impurities that are ever so present in our tap water. The two best (and competing) home systems for purifying water available are RO and DI systems. What Are RO/DI Water Systems? RO (reverse osmosis) and DI (deionized) water systems are water filtration systems you can install in your home so as to ensure best quality water. Their primary role is to remove particles, toxins, and various other contaminants from water. This is also their main advantage. The systems mainly remove lead, salt, mercury, asbestos, copper, etc. in addition to this, DI water system adds hydrogen to water which means that it acts as a water softener – this is great for areas that have hard water. Besides home use, there are other places one could normally find one of these systems. These places include labs and aquarium manufacturing processes of sorts. This water is also great for cleaning purposes. Although many will put up RO and DI water against each other - they will compete what is better in doing its job - but the truth is that besides using different reactions to clean water, and what chemicals they remove from it, RO and DI water purifying systems are pretty similar. However, as I have mentioned, the systems aren’t exempt from the debate. When it comes to drinking water, every municipality has various systems that clean and purify drinking water that comes from the main water supply to every home. They will even add certain minerals and substances that are necessary for our health. Therefore, some believe that using RO and DI water systems to purify drinking water is not such a great idea since these systems will also remove these “good” minerals that we need. Now we will see detailed information about both RO and DI water systems, in which ways they are not the same, and why it is important to consider using one of these systems yourself. RO Water Purifying System The reverse osmosis water system was originally designed to remove salt from seawater. It is one of the most efficient water purifying technologies available right now. This system is known to remove up to 90-99% of all of the resolved solids that are found in municipal tap water. As its name suggests, reverse osmosis is an opposite process that is called osmosis. Osmosis is a natural process in which the water molecules move across a semi-absorptive membrane. In this way, water naturally changes water from a low ion concentration to a higher one, in order to create reverse osmosis (RO) water. This is what is happening in our organisms all the time. Through this process, water is distributed to every cell in our body, and water is modified to ensure maximum consummation necessary for all proper cell processes. So, essentially, this is actually what happens when you use superficial reverse osmosis water system. By applying more pressure to the more concentrated (dirtier) side of the semi-permeable membrane, water molecules are pushed back across the membrane to the less concentrated (cleaner) side. This course of action results in cleaner water. Impurities that are removed with the RO water system include: • Arsenic • Lead • Chlorine • Silicates • Organic chemicals • Pesticides • Herbicides • Asbestos • Radionuclide • Cysts The resulting product water is thus cleansed of solidified contaminants, but it is still saturated with oxygen and salts. This system for cleaning water uses very fine filters. The membrane pores are so small so only purified water passes through. As with everything, this system is not perfect. However, reverse osmosis is oftentimes used as a first of many steps in cleaning tap water. RO system will remove up to 99% of contaminants, and another system will be set up, to remove the remaining 1% of the contaminants. That being said, the membrane used in RO systems can last for years, if used properly. This system is very cost-effective. It requires minimal maintenance, and there's no need for constant filter changing. DI Water Purifying System Deionized (DI) water is water that has been passed through the DI filter and is, therefore, free of ions. Dissolved particles in water are chemically removed through deionization. DI filters have many names such as Ion Exchange, Strong Acid/Strong Base, etc. Nuclear grade DI filters can remove Inorganic chemicals down to very low part per billon (PPB) levels. This produces ultra-purified water. The water of this quality is used with the most sensitive laboratory analytical instruments. DI filters function by exchanging positive hydrogen and negative hydroxyl molecules for positive and negative water contaminant molecules found in water. For instance, positive chemicals, like calcium, exchange places with the hydrogen molecules and negative chemicals, like iodine, exchange places with the hydroxyl molecules. Over time, positive and negative contaminants will displace all active hydrogen molecules on the DI resin, which means the filter must be replaced. In addition to this, it must be noted that deionization is an on-demand process. In other words, ultra-purified water will remain so only for a very short time. Moreover, deionization won't remove dissolved organic chemicals. This is because deionization is not a physical filter with pores, thus it won't remove bacteria and particulates. DI water system will on the other hand remove: • Calcium Ions • Magnesium Ions • Metallic Ions • Dissolved salts What’s the Difference between RO and DI Water Systems? The main difference between RO and DI water systems is the level of cleaning that’s happening. Moreover, RO water system will remove dissolved solids from the water, but won't remove oxygen and salts. DI water system will remove the oxygen and salts, but it cannot purify the water of dissolved solids. For maximum water purifying, these two systems are often used together. This is extremely important in industrial processes, laboratories and places as such. Also, as mentioned above, DI water is an on-demand solution. RO water, however, can be cleaned in batches and saved for later use. Another difference is the level of maintaining and the price. RO water systems are cheaper and require low maintenance. On the other hand, DI water systems require changing the filter from time to time and are slightly higher in price. Why You Need It: RO/DI Water It is fairly self-explanatory why you need to consider installing either (or both) RO or DI water purifying systems in your home plumbing system. From the dawn of time, humans as species evolved through drinking surface water i.e. drinking water from streams and rivers. When we developed irrigation systems, we were able to use groundwater. Surface water is naturally low in minerals. Adversely, groundwater has a rather high mineral concentration. These minerals are not dangerous per se – in low quantities. But we drink water every day in order to survive. So some of the minerals found in water cannot be easily absorbed by our organism. They accumulate in our organs and tissues and can lead to many illnesses, instead of preventing them. Hence, RO and DI water systems will help in battling this issue. Since this remains quite a controversial topic, I feel the need to mention why it is so. It is mentioned that the DI water system has the power to remove chemicals such as magnesium and calcium. These minerals are necessary for our well-being. It is important not to drink purified water exclusively. However, the advantages of having an RO or DI water system outweigh the disadvantages. It is highly advisable to have one installed for your home. Conclusion: Reverse Osmosis and Deionized Water All in all, living in the 21st century is not so easy. We need to take extra precautions in order to keep ourselves healthy. Having a water purifier system in your home can greatly contribute to our well-being. Food goes through a long process of digesting so, many damaging chemicals have the potential to be eradicated. However, water is directly absorbed into our cells. And if it is dirty, it can be very damaging to our bodies.
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mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
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| 0.37
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Cost Reduction Project Votes: 18 Views: 886 Companies have understood the advantage of recycling and most companies in the world are investing to recycle their products. There are many factors why a company is interested or not interested in recycling their product. But the most critical factor is cost. Is the cost of recycling is low, equal or more than manufacturing the product? Since most companies value everything with profit which they have full rights to, they are not too open-minded about recycling if the cost is equal or more than manufacturing a new product. This makes perfect sense because you will not help the environment if you are also losing money. What we should work on is a means that will reduce the cost of recycling plastics rather than solution related to policies. This project focus on reducing the cost associated with recycling beverage plastic bottles. The main steps in recycling bottled plastic are the collection, transporting, sorting, shredding, cleaning, melting and making of pellets. A well-run curbside recycling program can cost anywhere from $50 to more than $150 per ton and trash collection and disposal programs, on the other hand, cost anywhere from $70 to more than $200 per ton. Since in recycling there is a cost of collection and transportation, they are one of the most costly steps. This is because since plastic bottles have a very high size to weight ratio, even if they are light in weight a small number of bottles takes big space, which leads to higher cost associated with transportation cost, storage cost, labour, time and so on. This project offers a new way to store and transport waste bottle plastics that will decrease space from 60% up to 80%. This is done by cutting the bottom part of the bottle and fit the top part to bottom so that space is saved while storing and transporting. This cutting could be done either at garbage bin where people can easily cut is when they put it in the trash because the newly designed garbage bin will have a simple mechanism to cut it or can be done in plastic waste collection centers before sent to recycling stations. I have tested it and calculated how much space is saved and it has confirmed my calculations. This way the collection and transportation of recycling bottled plastics can be reduced by lower storage cost because the plastics will take less space, lower transportation cost because much more plastic can be transported in one round that previous, lower labour cost of transporting the plastics and so on. Note that decreasing space where bottled plastic takes by 60% to 80% means reducing the cost by 60% to 80%. This number is not estimation but a calculated output by measuring the volume of the current storage and shipping method at its best vs. the new method using same bottled plastic. Note that this will change the design of our garbage bins and will likely change our way of storing and transporting plastic bottles. Voting is closed! • Name: Anteneh Gashaw • Type of entry: • Profession: • Number of times previously entering contest: • Anteneh's favorite design and analysis tools: Catia and autocad • Anteneh belongs to these online communities: • Anteneh is inspired by: • Patent status:
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mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
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default
| 0.37
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Let it be required to draw a machine screw, and it is not necessary, and therefore not usual in small screws to draw the full outline of the thread, but to represent it by thic For a bolt with a hexagon head the lines would be drawn in the order shown in Figure 152. At a right-angle to centre line 1, line two is drawn. The pencil-compasses are then set to half the diameter of the bolt, and from point A arcs 3 and 6 are pencilled, thus showing the width of the front flat of the head, as well as the diameter of the stem. From the point where these arcs meet line 2, and with the same radius, arcs 5 and 6 are marked, showing the widths of the other two flats of the head. The thickness of the head and the length of the bolt head may then be marked either by placing a rule on line 1 and marking the short lines (such as line 7) a cross line 1, or the pencil-compasses may be set to the rule and the lengths marked from point A. In the United States standard for bolt heads and nuts the thickness of the head is made equal to the diameter of the bolt. With the compasses set for the arcs 3 and 4, we may in two steps, from A along the centre line, mark off the thickness of the head without using the rule. But as the rule has to be applied along line 1 to mark line 7 for the length of the bolt, it is just as easy to mark the head thickness at the same time. The line 8 showing the length of the thread may be marked at the same time as the other lengths are marked, and the outlines 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 may be drawn in the order named. We have now to mark the arcs at the top of the flats of the head to show the chamfer, and to explain how these arcs are obtained we have in Figure 153 an enlarged view of the head. It is evident that the smallest diameter of the chamfer is represented by the circle A, and therefore the length of the line B must equal A. It is also evident that the outer edge of the chamfer will meet the corners at an equal depth (from the face of the nut), as represented by the line C C, and it is obvious that the curves that represent the outline of the chamfer on each side of the head or nut will approach the face of the head or nut at an equal distance, as denoted by the line D D. It follows that the curve must in each case be such as will, at each of its ends, meet the line C, and at its centre meet the line D D, the centres of the respective curves being marked in the figure by X. It is sufficiently accurate, therefore, for all practical purposes to set the pencil on the centre-line at the point A in Figure 152 and mark the curve 14, and to then set the compasses by trial to mark the other two curves of the chamfer, so that they shall be an equal distance with arc 14 from line 9, and join lines 10 and 13 at the same distance from line 9 that 14 joins lines 3 and 4, so that as in Figure 153 all three of the arcs would touch a line as C, and another line as D. The United States standard sizes for forged or unfinished bolts and nuts are given in the following table, Figure 154 showing the dimensions referred to in the table.
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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| 0.333
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In the spectacularly high-growth $20 billion dollar global solar market, CPV is a zero billion-dollar market segment with only a few megawatts deployed, stuck in the middle between the rapidly commodifying silicon solar market and the well-financed high-output concentrated solar thermal market. Concentrated Photovoltaic Technology (CPV) has received more than $350 million in venture capital funding since 2005, tens of millions from the Department of Energy (DOE), and tens of millions from public markets to fund development of this promising solar technology. But to a great extent, CPV has been overshadowed by other solar sciences, notably concentrated solar power (CST or solar thermal), thin-film solar and wafered silicon (the current dominant technology). The fundamental concept behind CPV is the use of a very high efficiency solar cell that is much smaller than the optical collection area. The value is that "cheap" glass and metal replace expensive (?) and capacity-constrained (?) silicon and provide a super high-efficiency module. GaAs triple-junction III/V solar cells (with >35% efficiency) result in a higher power density, a more efficient use of land, and a potentially lower Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE).
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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| 0.333
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Time To Act Here you will find answers to the most Frequently Ask Questions. If you have a question that is not liste here please contact us and we will answer your question(s) and the answers; then if appropriate we will list your question here so others can benefit fomr it. Title Filter Display # # Article Title Hits 1 What is compost? 4258 2 What are worm castings (Version 1)? 3198 3 What is vermicomposting? 3451 4 What are worm castings (Version 2)? 3209 5 What is the difference between hot composting and worm composting? 6831 6 What can I feed my worms? 3346 7 Where should I place my worm bed in my yard? 3737
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mlfoundations/dclm-baseline-1.0
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default
| 0.37
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A vehicle’s air filter purpose is much like the filters in our own body. It makes sure impurities do not pass through and contaminate other parts of your engine. Air Filter Purpose and Importance Typically, inside a plastic box attached to the throttle body of your vehicle, is the air filter. The box helps keep out some dirt from the air intake system. Yet, the air filter keeps all dirt and other foreign debris out of the air intake system. The air intake system draws in outside air. Then it mixes that air with gasoline to cause the engine combustion process. In turn, this gives your vehicle power. Simple science reminds us that it takes air to make something burn. The more air the bigger the combustion, thus more power. A dirty air filter means less air can flow into the engine. Consequently, this causes the air and gas mixture to be out of proportion. More gas than air makes your vehicle sluggish and noticeably slower. Air Filter Maintenance It is important to have your air filter checked regularly. However, it ranges from vehicle to vehicle on how often you need to change it. Traveling often on dirt (non-paved) roads or in heavy traffic, you may need to have it changed more frequently. Typically, during routine oil changes, they check the air filter. At the same time, it is a good idea to know the warning signs of a dirty air filter. - Reduced horsepower - Engine light comes on - Filter is no longer white or off-white - Engine misfires - Your gas mileage worsens If any of these signs present themselves, then it is time to check the air filter. Bring it to Kernersville Auto Center to have it checked and replaced. Their experienced technicians will answer any questions about air filter purpose you may have. In addition, they will show you what a dirty one looks like, so that you can prevent problems in the future. At Kernersville Auto Center they can take care of all of your vehicle’s needs, from the annual state inspection to a brake job. Finish off the visit with an Xpress Car Wash in their state-of-the-art facility!
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-edu
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default
| 0.333
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Chào các cụ! Gần đây thấy các diễn đàn đang rất nóng về sụ việc GLC 250, GLC 300 bị nước vào cầu trước. Không biết có em nào bị nước vào cầu sau không các cụ thông thái nhỉ. Nhà cháu đang ủ mưu GLC 200 (cầu sau) mà thấy hoang mang quá. Mong các cụ chỉ giáo!
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HuggingFaceFW/fineweb-2
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vie_Latn
| 0.0775
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