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Tokitsuna YAMASHINA (May, 4, 1486 - October 3, 1530) was a court noble during the late Muromachi period. Junii (Junior Second Rank), Gon Dainagon (a provisional chief councilor of state) Tokikuni YAMASHIA was his father and Tokitsugu YAMASHINA was his son. His lawful wife was the older sister of Jukei-ni, who was the lawful wife of Ujichika IMAGAWA.	山科言綱（やましなときつな、文明 (日本)18年4月1日 (旧暦)（1486年5月4日） - 享禄3年9月12日 (旧暦)（1530年10月3日））は、室町時代後期の公家。従二位、権大納言。父は山科言国、子に山科言継。正室は今川氏親の正室である寿桂尼の姉。
Totsuna KUTSUKI is the fifth lord of the Fukuchiyama Domain in Tanba Province. The sixth head of the Kutsuki family in the Fukuchiyama Domain.	朽木玄綱（くつきとうつな）は、丹波国福知山藩の第5代藩主。福知山藩朽木家6代。
He was born on October 13, 1709, as the fifth son of Noritada MATSUDAIRA, the third lord of the Iwamura Domain in Mino Province. In 1727 he became an adopted child of Taneharu KUTSUKI, the fourth lord of the Fukuchiyama Domain. On December 23, 1728, as Taneharu retired, he became the fifth lord succeeding to the family estate.	宝永6年（1709年）9月11日、美濃国岩村藩の第3代藩主・松平乗紀の五男として生まれる。享保12年（1727年）、福知山藩の第4代藩主・朽木稙治の養子となる。享保13年（1728年）11月23日、稙治が隠居したため、家督を継いで第5代藩主となる。
Although these troubles occurred one after another during his administration of the domain, Totsuna's achievements include development of literary and military arts. In 1758 he was appointed to jisha bugyo (a magistrate of temples and shrines). He died on October 18, 1770. He died at the age of 62. His adopted son Tomosada succeeded him as the head of the family.	このように混乱続きの藩政で、玄綱の功績には文武の発展がある。宝暦8年（1758年）には寺社奉行に任じられた。明和7年（1770年）8月30日に死去。享年62。跡を養子の綱貞が継いだ。
Yorifusa SAGARA was busho (Japanese military commander) and daimyo (Japanese feudal lord) from the Azuchi Momoyama Period to the early Edo period. He was the family head of the Sagara clan who was daimyo of Higo Province in the Sengoku period and the first lord of the Hitoyoshi domain of Higo Province.	相良頼房（さがらよりふさ）は、安土桃山時代から江戸時代前期にかけての武将・大名。肥後国の戦国大名である相良氏の当主で、肥後人吉藩の初代藩主。
He was the second son of Yoshihi SAGARA. He was the family head of the Sagara clan. He was the first lord of the Hitoyoshi domain.	相良義陽の次男。相良氏の当主。初代人吉藩主。
He was also called Nagatsune. His official rank was Jugoinoge (Junior Fifth Rank, Lower Grade), and his government post was Sahyoe no suke (Assistant Captain of the Left Division of Middle Palace Guards). His father Yoshihi's original name was Yorifusa.	長毎（ながつね）とも言う。官位は従五位下、官職名は左兵衛佐。なお、父・義陽も初名は頼房である。
Genealogy	系譜
Emperor Seinei was the third son (imperial prince) of Emperor Yuryaku. His mother was KATSURAGI no Karahime.	雄略天皇の第三皇子。母は、葛城韓媛（かつらぎのからひめ）。
He had no consorts, hence no princes and princesses.	后妃なし、従って皇子女もなし。
Imperial Palace It was Iware no Mikakuri no Miya Palace in the capital (which was reportedly located at Mizushi-jinja Shrine in Higashi-ikejiri-cho, Kashihara City, Nara Prefecture).	皇居都は磐余甕栗宮（いわれのみかくりのみや、奈良県橿原市東池尻町の御厨子神社が伝承地）。
Background Emperor Seinei was born with white hair, which awed his father Emperor Yuryaku into appoint Seinei as Crown Prince. Therefore, Emperor Seinei may possibly have been an albino (suffering from congenital leukopathia or congenital achromia).	略歴生来白髪であったことから、父の雄略は霊異を感じて皇太子としたという。このことからアルビノ（先天性白皮症・先天性色素欠乏症）であった可能性があるとされる。
In September, 479, Emperor Yuryaku demised. Since Hoshikawa no Miko, whose mother was from the Kibi clan, occupied Okura (imperial storehouse) while hiding behind his powerful maternal family, the Emperor Seinei ordered OTOMO no Muroya and YAMATONOAYA no Ataitsuka to burn Hoshikawa no Miko to death. He ascended to the imperial throne on New Year's day in 480.	雄略天皇23年8月（479年9月）、雄略天皇崩御。吉備氏の母を持つ星川皇子が大蔵を占拠し、権勢を縦にしたため、大伴室屋・東漢直掬らにこれを焼き殺させる。翌年（480年）正月に即位。
Emperor Seinei demised on New Year's day in 484. His age at death was 41 according to ''Mizu-Kagami'' (literally, The Water Mirror) or 39 according to ''Jinno shotoki'' (literally, Record of the Legitimate Succession of the Divine Emperors).	5年（484年）正月に崩御した。『水鏡』に41歳、『神皇正統記』に39歳という。
Imperial Tomb and Mausoleum Emperor Seinei's body was buried in Kawachi no sakato no hara no misasagi Mausoleum. The mausoleum is identified as Nishiura Shiraga-yama kofun Tumulus (a keyhole-shaped mound of 112 meters in the total length) which is located in 6-chome, Nishiura, Habikino City, Osaka Prefecture.	陵墓・霊廟河内坂門原陵（かわちのさかとのはらのみささぎ）に葬られた。大阪府羽曳野市西浦六丁目の西浦白髪山古墳（前方後円墳・全長112m）に比定されている。
The fifth head of the Shimazu soke (the head family), and the first son (1322 - 1340) of Sadahisa SHIMAZU.	島津宗家5代当主、島津貞久の長子（1322‐1340）。
The second head of the Izaku family (year of birth unknown - 1354), which was a branch family of the Shimazu clan.	島津氏の分家、伊作家2代当主（？‐1354）。
Funadama (ship spirit) is a deity to which seafarers pray for the safety of a voyage. Funadama is written in kanji as 船霊 or 船玉. There are many local variations of the name of this deity, such as Funadama-san, Funadan-san, or Ofuna-sama.	船霊（ふなだま）とは海の民が航海の安全を願う神。船玉とも表記する。また、地方により、フナダマサン、フナダンサン、オフナサマなど、様々な異名がある。
Throughout the country, Funadama is regarded as a female deity. People tend to avoid to bringing women on the sea or allowing a woman to be on the ship alone, because they can be possessed or the weather may become rough.	全国的に、船霊は女の神であるとされる。海上に女性を連れて行ったり、女性が一人で船にのったりすると、憑かれたり天候が荒れたりするとして忌む傾向がある。
The main worshippers of Funadama are fishermen and shipwrights. When the building of a ship is complete, the master builder holds a ceremony to worship Funadama. At sea, a boy in charge of cooking called 'kashiki' takes care of Funadama by offering an ear of rice.	船霊を主に祀るのは漁民の他、船大工である。船が完成すると棟梁は船霊をまつる儀式を執り行う。海上では「カシキ」と呼ばれる、炊事を担当する少年が稲穂などを捧げて世話をした。
An oversea equivalent to Funadama is a figurehead of a goddess that is placed on the front or stern of ships in the Western countries. Maso of China is another equivalent.	海外で船霊にあたるものとしては、西洋で船首や船尾に取り付ける女神像などが上げられる。また、中国の媽祖なども近い存在といえよう。
The Doshisha is an educational institution, which includes Doshisha University and Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts.	学校法人同志社（がっこうほうじんどうししゃ、英字表記The Doshisha）は、同志社大学や同志社女子大学が属する学校法人。
At present, Rating and Investment Information, Inc. (R&I) rates the Doshisha at <AA+>. <AA+> is the second-highest rating out of 21 ratings. It has the highest rating among the educational institutions, along with Waseda University and Keio University.	現在、学校法人同志社は、株式会社格付投資情報センター (R＆I) から、<AA+>を取得している。 <AA+>は、21段階ある格付けの上から2番目。学校法人早稲田大学、学校法人慶應義塾と並んで、学校法人としてはトップである。
Honzen-ji Temple is a Buddhist temple of Jodo Shinshu Hongan-ji school located in Yoshino-cho, Yoshino-gun, Nara Prefecture. The sango (literally, "mountain name"), which is the title prefixed to the name of a Buddhist temple, is Mutsuozan, and it is also known as Iigai gobo temple.	本善寺（ほんぜんじ）は、奈良県吉野郡吉野町にある浄土真宗本願寺派の寺院。別称飯貝御坊、山号は六雄山（むつおざん）。
Mototsuna YASUTOMI was a Japanese military commander who lived during the Muromachi period. He was a kasai (main retainer) as well as a steward in the Hosokawa clan.	安富元綱（やすとみもとつな）は、室町時代の武将。細川氏の家宰・執事。
It is said that Mototsuna enjoyed the fullest confidence of Katsumoto HOSOKAWA, and Katsumoto was very heartbroken over Mototsuna's death in the battle. Also, commanders of the Eastern Camp wept over his death.	元綱はことのほか細川勝元の信頼が厚かったようで、元綱の戦死は勝元を大いに落胆させたという。また、東軍側の諸将もその死を嘆いたという。
As Kanrei, he dominated the shogunate government and led the Keicho branch of the family to its heyday, but his adoption of the three children triggered fights over the headship of the family, and after getting involved in the struggle, he was assassinated by a retainer (known as the Eisho Disturbance).	管領として幕政を牛耳り京兆家の全盛期を築くが、3人の養子を迎えたことで家督争いを引き起こし、自らもその争いに巻き込まれて家臣に暗殺された（永正の錯乱）。
Yoshishige OTOMO (also known as Sorin OTOMO) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the Sengoku Period (Period of Warring States). He was a daimyo (Japanese territorial lord) in the Sengoku period and Christian daimyo (Christian feudal lord) in Bungo Province. He was the twenty-first family head of the Otomo clan. He was known for his hogo (posthumous Buddhist name), Sorin.	大友義鎮 / 大友宗麟（おおともよししげ / -そうりん）は戦国時代 (日本)の武将である。豊後国の戦国大名、キリシタン大名。大友氏第21代当主。宗麟の法号で知られている。
Oyakodon is a rice bowl dish that uses boiled chicken and onion in warishita (stock mixed with soy sauce, mirin and sugar) over rice with egg. The name 'oyakodon' ("oya" meaning parent and "ko" meaning child) is derived from the fact that both chicken meat and chicken egg are used for the dish.	親子丼（おやこどん、おやこどんぶり）とは、鶏肉、玉ねぎなどを割り下で煮て鶏卵でとじ、ご飯の上に乗せた料理で丼物の一種。「親子丼」という名前は鶏の肉と鶏の卵を使うことに由来する。
Oyakodon is the most common name, but some regions call it Oyako-donburi.	親子どんがよく使われる呼称であるが、地方によっては親子どんぶりと言うこともある。
Toku YAMADA, the wife of the fifth family head of the spatchcock restaurant 'Tamahide' in Nihonbashi, Chuo Ward, Tokyo, first invented the dish in 1891. The original oyakodon only used chicken boiled in warishita and served with egg, ingredients such as onion and Japanese honewort were not used as they are today.	東京都中央区日本橋にある鳥料理専門店「玉ひで」の五代目当主の妻「山田とく」が1891年に考案したのがはじめである。元祖親子丼は、割り下で鶏肉のみを煮て卵とじにしたもので、現在のように玉ねぎやミツバ等の材料は使われていない。
Also, as it is a derivative of oyakodon, the term is sometimes used to refer to a dish with raw salmon or salmon flake and salmon caviar. In this case, it may be called Kaisen oyakodon (Seafood oyakodon) to distinguish it from oyakodon.	また、派生としてサケの刺身または鮭フレークとイクラをのせたものを指すこともある。この場合、区別するために海鮮親子丼などともよばれる。
There is another variation, oyako-udon (noodle) which is served with the ingredients of oyakodon with udon noodles.	親子丼の具材をかけうどんに乗せた親子うどんというのもある。
Mario YOKOMICHI (1916-) is Noh (traditional masked dance-drama) researcher and director.	横道萬里雄（よこみちまりお、1916年 -）は、能の研究者・演出家。
Located in Sagano, Ukyo Ward, Kyoto City, Okochi Sanso Villa is a historic site with a Japanese garden. Denjiro OKOCHI, a famous actor who appeared in samurai dramas, built this house and garden as his private villa.	大河内山荘（おおこうちさんそう）は京都市右京区嵯峨野にある史跡、日本庭園。時代劇などで知られる俳優大河内傳次郎が別荘として造営したもの。
Tojiro YAMAMOTO is a professional name for a kyogen performer of the Tojiro Yamamoto family of Okura school, which is handed down generation to generation.	山本東次郎（やまもととうじろう）は、大蔵流山本東次郎家狂言師の名跡。
Refer to the section on the kyogen Okura school for the origin of the Tojiro Yamamoto family.	山本東次郎家の成り立ちについては狂言大蔵流の項を参照。
History In the Osaka conference held from January to February in 1875, Toshimichi OKUBO and Hirobumi ITO who were working for the Meiji Government reached an agreement with Takayoshi KIDO, Taisuke ITAGAKI, and Kaoru INOUE who were out of power, and it promised the return to the govenment for Kido and Itagak and the reform in political system.	沿革 1875年（明治8年）1月から2月にかけての大阪会議において、明治政府の大久保利通・伊藤博文と、在野の木戸孝允・板垣退助・井上馨らとの間で合意が成立し、木戸・板垣の政府復帰と政治体制の改革が約束された。
Although the Shosho was untitled, it was referred to as 'Rikkenseitai no Shosho' in the table of contents in Horei Zensho (Compendium of laws and regulations).	なお、この詔書に表題はないが、法令全書の目次では「立憲政体の詔書」と名付けられている。
Contents The following is quoted from the Shosho (The original text was written in the old [traditional] form of [Chinese] characters] and Katakana [fragmentary kana] without voiced sound marks or punctuation marks).	内容以下、詔書の内容を引用する（原典は旧字体・カタカナで句読点・濁点なし）。
Among the Constitutional Party in power, the cabinet was organized with OKUMA from the former Progressive Party (Japan) as the Prime Minister and Taisuke ITAGAKI from the former Liberal Party (Japan) as Minister of Home Affairs. Therefore, the cabinet is also called the Waihan Cabinet derived from Okuma and Itagaki's names.	与党となった憲政党のうち、旧進歩党 (日本)系の大隈を首相に、旧自由党 (日本)系の板垣退助を特に内務大臣 (日本)に迎えて組織した。そのため、大隈の「隈」と板垣の「板」をとって隈板内閣（わいはんないかく）ともいう。
Kango ARIDOSHI (1839 - June 20, 1869) was a member of the Shinsengumi (a special police force of the late Tokugawa shogunate period). He was born in Takamatsu, Sanuki Province (present Takamatsu City, Kagawa Prefecture). His sword has an inscription that it was made by Akishige, a resident of Harima.	蟻通勘吾（ありどおしかんご、天保10年（1839年）- 明治2年5月11日 (旧暦)（1869年6月20日））は、新選組隊士。讃岐国高松（現・香川県高松市）出身。愛刀は播磨住昭重。
In 1867, when the ceremony of promotion to Shogun's retainer was held, he was conferred the status of Mimawarigumi Namioyatoi (junior member of the Shogunate patrol), although he was still a member with no title.	慶応3年（1867年）の幕臣御取立ての儀に際して平士として見廻組並御雇の格を受ける。
YAMAHE no Yasumaro (date of birth and death unknown) lived during Japan's Asuka period. In the old Japanese kana syllabary, too, his name is pronounced "YAMAHE no Yasumaro." His hereditary title was Kimi (one of the lower title under Yamato dynasty). He followed Prince Oama in the Jinshin War of 672 and accompanied Prince Otsu in his escape from the capital.	山辺安摩呂（やまへのやすまろ、生没年不明）は、日本の飛鳥時代の人物である。旧仮名遣いでの読みは「やまへのやすまろ」で同じ。姓は君。 672年の壬申の乱で大海人皇子（天武天皇）側につき、都を脱出した大津皇子に同行した。
Mokujiki (1718 - 1810) was a Buddhist practitioner and sculptor of Buddhist statues during the late Edo period.	木喰（もくじき 1718年（享保3年）- 1810年（文化 (元号)7年）は、江戸時代後期の仏教行者・仏像彫刻家。
Tenson-jinja Shrine is a Shinto shrine located in Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture. It was a prefectural shrine in the old shrine ranking.	天孫神社（てんそんじんじゃ）は、滋賀県大津市にある神社。社格は旧県社。
The Enshrined Deities Hikohohodemi no mikoto Kuninotokotachi no mikoto Onamuchi no mikoto Emperor Chuai	祭神彦火火出見尊国常立尊大己貴命仲哀天皇
History It is said to have been founded during 782-806. At first it was on the shore of Lake Biwa, but it was relocated to the present place during 1469-1487. Until the Meiji Restoration it was referred to as 'Shinomiya-jinja Shrine' but in the first year of the Meiji period it was given the present shago (title given to a Shinto shrine).	由緒延暦年間（782年～806年）の創建と伝えられる。はじめ琵琶湖畔にあったが、文明 (日本)年間（1469年～1487年）に現在地に移った。明治維新までは「四宮神社」と称したが、明治初年に現在の社号となった。
Address 3-3-36 Kyomachi, Otsu City, Shiga Prefecture	所在地滋賀県大津市京町3-3-36
He entered into the priesthood upon the retired Emperor's death in April 1192. His homyo (a name given to a person who enters the Buddhist priesthood) was Kenbutsu (見仏). The rest of his life, including the year of his death, is unknown.	建久3年（1192年）3月、上皇の崩御に際して出家。法名を見仏と称す。没年を含めその後の事績は不詳。
Nyoshin was a priest of Jodo Shinshu (the Pure True Land school of Buddhism) from the middle to the end of the Kamakura Period. His father was Zenran, a son of Shinran. After his death, he was given, by Kakunyo, a position of the second chief priest at Hongan-ji Temple.	如信（にょしん）は、鎌倉時代中期から後期にかけての浄土真宗の僧。父は親鸞の子善鸞。歿後、覚如により本願寺第二世に位置づけられる。
Oribe ware is pottery made mainly in Mino Province from the Tensho era (1573-1592) of the Momoyama period.	織部焼（おりべやき）は、桃山時代の天正年間（1573年-1592年）頃から、主に美濃国で産する陶器。
Nobuhiro KONOE (June 24, 1599 - November 15, 1649) was a court noble and Toshichoja (representative of the Fujiwara family) who lived in early Edo period. His official rank was Juichii Kanpaku (Junior First Rank, chief adviser to the Emperor). His childhood name was Ninomiya. His hogo (posthumous Buddhist name) was Ozan.	近衞信尋（このえのぶひろ、慶長4年5月2日 (旧暦)（1599年6月24日） - 慶安2年10月11日 (旧暦)（1649年11月15日））は、江戸時代前期の公家・藤氏長者。官位は従一位関白。幼称は二宮。法号は応山。
Shakaiei is a type of tanka as well as a haiku. It refers to poetry themed on the society in which people live and the recognition of society. Concept of classifying the subjects of tanka and contrasts with the field of shizenei which incorporates elements of nature such as mountains, rivers, plants and trees as well as flower, birds, the wind and the moon.	社会詠（しゃかいえい）は和歌や俳句の種別の一つである。人の生活する場である社会と社会に対する認識等を主題として詠んだ歌のことをいう。短歌の対象を分類する概念で、山川草木、花鳥風月等の自然を詠みこんだいわゆる自然詠と対照される分野であるとされる。
Amatsumara is a deity of ironworking that appears in Japanese mythology. He appears in the "Kojiki" (The Records of Ancient Matters) but not in "Nihonshoki" (Chronicles of Japan). He has none of the titles, such as "kami" or "mikoto," that are usually given to Shinto deities.	天津麻羅（あまつまら）は、日本神話に登場する鍛冶の神である。古事記にのみ登場し、日本書紀には登場しない。「神」「命」などの神号はつけられていない。
"Amatsu" in the name "Amatsumara" refers to the Amatsukami (gods of heaven), but there are several theories as to the meaning of 'mara.'	アマツマラという神名のうち、アマツは天津神を示すものであるが、「マラ」については下記のように諸説ある。
One theory states that 'mara' comes from 'me-ura' meaning 'one-eyed,' a reference to the practice of blacksmiths closing one eye in order to check the iron's temperature from its color (or to an occupational hazard of blacksmiths).	「マラ」は「目占（めうら）」すなわち片目の意で、鍛冶が鉄の色でその温度をみるのに片目をつぶっていたことから（または鍛冶の職業病である）とする説
Another theory states that 'mara' is a Mongolian word that means iron.	「マラ」は蒙古語の鉄の意であるとする説
If the first theory is accepted, Amatsumara can be held to be the same deity as Amenomahitotsu no kami (the one-eyed kami of heaven), who appears in "Nihonshoki" and "Kogo-shui" (History of the Inbe clan). Amenomahitotsu no kami was also a deity of ironworking, and in "Kogo-shui," he made metal weapons at the time of Amaterasu's hiding away in the cave.	一番目の説を採った場合、日本書紀や古語拾遺に登場する天目一箇神（あめのまひとつ）と同一神であるとも考えられる。天目一箇神も鍛冶の神であり、古語拾遺では岩戸隠れの際に金属製の武具を製作している。
Seiichi HATANO (July 21, 1877- January 17, 1950) was a Japanese expert in the history of philosophy and in the philosophy of religion.	波多野精一（はたのせいいち、1877年7月21日 - 1950年1月17日）は、日本の哲学史家・宗教哲学者。
He was a luminary of the Kyoto school, along with Kitaro NISHIDA.	西田幾多郎とならぶ京都学派の立役者。
Ken ISHIHARA, Michitaro TANAKA, and Kuniyoshi OBARA number among his pupils.	教え子には石原謙、田中美知太郎、小原国芳らがいる。
Robert William ATKINSON was the British chemist who taught at Tokyo Kaisei School during the Meiji Period.	ロバート・ウィリアム・アトキンソン (Robert William Atkinson) はイギリス人の化学者で、明治時代に東京開成学校で教えた人物。
He went for mountain hiking with his friends, Dickson and Iwata NAKAZAWA in the summer of 1879. It is said that they traveled Tokyo, Jumonji-toge Pass, Mt. Yatsugatake, Mt. Ontake, Mt. Haku, Kanazawa, Toyama, Murodo, Mt. Tate, Kurobe-gawa River, Harinoki-toge Pass, and Omachi.	1879年（明治12年）の夏、ジクソン、中沢岩太と山行をした。東京 - 十文字峠 - 八ヶ岳 - 御嶽山 - 白山 - 金沢 - 富山 - 室堂 - 立山 - 黒部川 - 針ノ木峠 - 大町と行ったという。
Komaruyama-jo Castle was abolished by the Ikkoku Ichijo Rei (Law of One Castle per Province). The Nanao machi-bugyo (a town magistrate), which was established in the territory of Komaruyama, took over the function of the Jodai (the keeper of castle).	なお、小丸山城は、一国一城令により廃城。城代の仕事は、小丸山地内に設けられた七尾町奉行に引き継がれた。
In a fairy story Kintaro, he was given a role to find Kintaro on Ashigarayama (Mt. Ashigara) by disguising himself as a logger and took him to MINAMOTO no Yorimitsu.	童話の金太郎では木こりに身をやつし、強い人材を求めて旅をするさなか足柄山で金太郎を見いだして源頼光のもとへ連れて行くという役割を与えられている。
Tomohisa ODA (April 1, 1417 - June 14, 1455) was a busho (Japanese military commander) in the mid Muromachi Period. The twelfth family head of the Oda clan. A son of the eleventh family head, Mochiie ODA. His official rank was Nakatsukasa no taifu (Senior Assistant Minister of the Ministry of Central Affairs). Kokushi (an officer of local government) in Sanuki Province.	小田朝久（おだともひさ、1417年3月23日（応永24年3月5日 (旧暦)） - 1455年6月5日（享徳4年4月20日 (旧暦)））は、室町時代中期の武将。小田氏の第12代当主。第11代当主・小田持家の子。官位は中務大夫。讃岐国国司。
In 1455, he defended Koga Imperial Palace, following Shigeuji ASHIKAGA. In the spring in the same year, he got sick at the front while attacking Oguri Castle in Hitachi Province to subjugate Fusaaki UESUGI and Kagenaka NAGAO by the order of Shigeuji, and he died of sickness on June 14. He died at the age of 39. Shigeharu ODA succeeded the family estate.	1455年、足利成氏に従って古河御所を守備した。同年春、成氏の命を受けて上杉房顕・長尾景仲らを討伐するために常陸国小栗城を攻撃中に陣中で病に倒れ、閏4月20日に病死してしまった。享年39。家督は小田成治が継いだ。
Masatoo KUSUNOKI (dates of birth and death unknown) was a local clan in Kawachi Province, and is said to be a family which would have made a fortune in mercury. He called himself a descendant of TACHIBANA no Toyasu (Iyotachibana clan) in Iyo Province.	楠木正遠（くすのきまさとお、生没年不詳）は、河内国の土豪で、水銀で財を成した一族といわれている。伊予国の橘遠保（伊予橘氏）の後裔と称した。
Career He is said to be the father of Masatoshi KUSUNOKI, Masashige KUSUNOKI, Masasue KUSUNOKI and Masaie KUSUNOKI, etc. His daughter was married to Motonari HATTORI, the Kanze family in Iga Province, and is said to have become the mother of Kanami, however, there is no certain evidence about it, and it remains to be confirmed.	経歴楠木正俊・楠木正成・楠木正季・楠木正家らの父とされる。娘は伊賀国の観世家の服部元成に嫁ぎ、観阿弥の母親となったとされるが確証はなく、真偽は定かではない。
His father is said to be Morinaka (Ujinari) TACHIBANA, who would be the 10th Toyasu, however it is unknown because of no certain evidence. From the generation of Masatoo, they are said to have called themselves the Kusunoki clan formally.	父は遠保10世の末裔とする橘盛仲（氏成）と言われるが、確証性はなく不詳。正式に正遠の代から楠木氏と称したという。
Mt. Miminashi	耳成山（みみなしやま）
Mt. Unebi	畝傍山（うねびやま）
Amanokaguyama hill	天香具山（あまのかぐやま）
Imperial Universities are the universities established according to the Imperial University Law promulgated in 1886. As will be described below, while there was only one university, Imperial University was used as the name of the university and after two or more universities were built, it is used as a generic name of a group of universities.	帝国大学（ていこくだいがく）とは、1886年（明治19年）に公布された帝国大学令によって設立された大学のことである。以下のように、1校のみの時期はその大学の名称として、2校以上になってからは大学群の総称として使われた。
1886 to 1897: Name given to the University of Tokyo (established in 1877) that was the only university in Japan, based on the Imperial University Law	1886年～1897年：日本唯一の大学であった東京大学（1877年設立）が帝国大学令に基いてつけられた名称。
1897: Generic name of the universities established based on the Imperial University Law Finally, seven universities were built in Japan and two universities were built in other countries.	1897年～：帝国大学令に基いて設置された複数の大学群の総称。最終的に、内地に7校、外地に2校設置された。
Up to the Taisho period, honor students for each course of study were awarded an Imperial prize of a silver watch. Gakushikai (headquartered in Tokyo) was organized as a club of graduates in 1886. Graduates of former imperial universities are entitled to participate in the club even today.	大正時代まで、卒業時、学科ごとに最優秀のものには天皇から銀時計恩賜の銀時計が下賜された。 1886年（明治19年）には、卒業生のクラブとして学士会（本部・東京都）が設けられた。今日においても旧帝国大学出身者は同会への入会資格が与えられる。
Tameyo reported to the emperor his second rebuttals against Tamekane, whose excerpts were prepared by an official. This is how Enkei Ryokyo Sochinjo came into being.	為兼の訴状に対してさらにかさねて為世から反駁上奏された訴状を役人が抄出した。これが延慶両卿訴陳状である。
This ended with Tamekane's victory over Tameyo and he edited Gokuyo Wakashu (The Jewelled Leaves Collection) all by himself and recommended it to the emperor.	結局のところ、為兼が勝ちをおさめ、1人で玉葉和歌集を選進した。
Utsuroi-giku refers to the variety of white chrysanthemum whose petals begin to be tinged with purple from their edges around late autumn.	移菊（うつろいぎく）とは晩秋のころ白菊が花弁の端から紫がかって来たものを言う。
As it is, the petals change their color simply because the tissues are damaged by, for example, frost; this is called 'frostbite' in gardening terms.	有体に言ってしまえば、花弁に霜が触れるなどして植物組織が損傷を受け色が変わったもので、園芸用語で言う「霜焼け」に過ぎない。
However, nobles in the Heian period loved the purple color so much that they sometimes dared to rate utsuroi-giku higher than the white chrysanthemum.	しかし、平安貴族の紫への愛着から、ともすれば通常の白菊よりも美しいとさえされた。
However, when the chrysanthemum came to Japan, it was deemed the symbol of ephemera, just like the cherry blossoms, which also came from China.	ところが、日本に渡ってからは同じく中国から渡来した桜のように儚げなイメージをもたれるようになった。
The court nobles in the Heian period praised the white chrysanthemum that was at a little time past its prime and tinged with a slight purple as having a quite delicate charm, so they described it as 'the flower that has two peaks in a year,' or 'the flower in beautiful bloom until just before winter.'	平安朝の貴族は、盛りを過ぎかけた白菊がほのかに紫がかった風情をことさら優美なものとして愛好し、「一年に二度の盛りを迎える花」「冬枯れの直前まで美しく咲く花」と愛でた。
Purple was used in the color combinations for court attire, and in Yamashina school (a school of the dressing method of the formal attire in those days), for example, the attire's outside was medium purple and the liner was blue - or, the outside was purple and the liner was white.	重ねの色目にも採用されており、表が中紫で裏は青、あるいは表が紫で裏は白（山科流）。
"The Tale of Genji" also described utsuroi-giku as 'the color-changing chrysanthemum,' and the tale shows us that people at that time not only enjoyed looking at the chrysanthemum but also used it as kazashi (flowers worn in one's hair in a shrine ritual) and as a twig attached to a letter.	源氏物語にも「うつろひたる菊」などという呼び方で登場し、鑑賞するほかに挿頭や手紙の付け枝として利用されていたことがわかる。
In addition to autumn, the chrysanthemum seems to have another peak season, because it becomes more beautiful on changing its color to purple (a poem by KI no Tsurayuki and selected in "Kokin Wakashu" [A Collection of Ancient and Modern Japanese Poetry])	秋をおきて時こそ有けれ菊の花うつろふからに色のまされば（紀貫之「古今和歌集」）
The beauty of the chrysanthemum purple tempted the court nobles to dye their attire the same color, thereby keeping its life, so I wonder whoever said it was ephemeral (a poem by FUJIWARA no Noritada and selected in "Goshui Wakashu" [Later Collection of Gleanings of Japanese Poetry])	紫にやしほ染めたる菊の花うつろふ花と誰かいひけん（藤原義忠「後拾遺和歌集」）
Mangan refers to completion of the period determined to be spent praying for Shinto or Buddhist deities or to practice asceticism. It also refers to the final day as in 'the day of Mangan.'	満願（まんがん）とは、日数を定めて神仏に祈願、または修行し、その日数が満ちることをいう。また「満願の日」というように、最終日を表す。
Fulfillment of the wish prayed for Shinto or Buddhist deities is called Mangan joju. The period of the prayer or practice is separated into three parts; Kaibyaku (literally, to start from zero), Chugan (literally, the middle of term of a vow; also called Chunichi) and Kechigan (literally, expiration of term of a vow). The final day of Kechigan is called Mangan.	神仏に祈った願いが叶うと満願成就（まんがんじょうじゅ）という。祈願や修行の期間は、開白（かいびゃく）・中願（ちゅうがん、中日とも）・結願（けちがん）の3つに分けられる。結願の最終日を満願という。
Hikojiro UCHIYAMA (1797 - June 23, 1864) was a yoriki (a police sergeant) of Osaka Nishimachi magistrate in the end of the Edo period. There is also the theory that he was the head of yoriki. His name was Yukimasa.	内山彦次郎（うちやまひこじろう、寛政9年（1797年）‐元治元年5月20日 (旧暦)（1864年6月23日））は、幕末の大阪西町奉行所与力である。筆頭与力とする説もある。名は之昌（ゆきまさ）。
Although he was capable and achieved great results as a economic official, he was not evaluated fairly because he was said to be assassinated by Shinsengumi (a group who guarded Kyoto during the end of the Tokugawa shogunate).	能吏であり経済官僚としての実績が大きいが、新撰組に暗殺されたと伝わる最期の為に評価のポイントがずれている。
It is told that, at that time, Uchiyama was one of the persons who found Heihachiro OSHIO and his son hiding in the house of Gorobe MIYOSHIYA and surrounded them. Both of Uchiyama and Oshio who were local yoriki lived close to each other and they knew each other.	この際に内山は美吉屋五郎兵衛方に潜伏していた大塩平八郎父子を発見、包囲した1人であると伝えられる。互いに地付きの与力である内山は大塩と近所であり知らない仲ではなかった。
According to the book "Heihachiro OSHIO" written by Ogai MORI, Uchiyama who was a trainee of yoriki at that time was hated by Oshio. It is unknown whether there was actually a feud between Oshio and Uchiyama, but it is said that there is a letter to Uchiyama which was sent by Oshio in 1831 in Josen-ji Temple in Moriguchi City, Osaka Prefecture.	森鴎外が書き残した書『大塩平八郎』によれば、当時与力見習であった内山は大塩に憎まれていたとされている。大塩と内山との間に実際に確執があったのかどうかは不明だが、文政13年（1831年）に大塩が内山に宛てた書簡が大阪府守口市盛泉寺に残されているとのこと。
As a basis for this theory, the "Shinsengumi Tenmatsuki" that Shinpachi NAGAKURA, a former leading member of Shinsengumi, dictated in his later years and the "Shinsengumi Shimatsuki" written by Kanefumi NISHIMURA, a terazamurai (samurai who performed administrative functions at temples) of Nishi Hongan-ji Temple in Kyoto where Shinsengumi used as their post can be given.	この説の根拠としては、元新選組幹部・永倉新八が晩年に口述した『新選組顛末記』や、新選組が屯所として利用した京都西本願寺の寺侍・西村兼文が残した『新撰組始末記』などが挙げられる。
"Otose" refers to two things; 1) a title of a novel written by Kaoru FUNAYAMA, which describes the Kogo incident (Inada uproar), and 2) a title of a drama created by NHK based on the novel. For details, refer to "Otose (Kaoru FUNAYAMA)."	お登勢は、庚午事変を描いた船山馨の小説と、それを元にしたNHKのドラマ。お登勢 (船山馨)にて詳述。
Otose was a landlady of the Teradaya Inn, who lived during the end of the Edo Period. A detailed description is provided on this page.	お登勢は、幕末期の寺田屋の女将。本項で詳述。
Otose (around 1829 - September 7, 1877) was a landlady of the Teradaya Inn, who lived during the end of the Edo Period, the last days of the Tokugawa shogunate.	お登勢（おとせ、1829年（文政12年）頃－ 1877年（明治10年）9月7日）は、幕末期の寺田屋の女将。
In 1863, after feudal retainers of the Satsuma Domain killed each other in the Teradaya Inn (the Teradaya Incident), Otose ordered her servants to replace battered tatami (mats) and fusuma (sliding doors) immediately to prepare for resuming a business. It is said that she continued to hide Ryoma and other soldiers of Sonno Joi sometimes even after the Incident. Otose died in 1877.	1863年、寺田屋事件が起きて薩摩藩士が斬り合いを行なった後、使用人に命じて即座に畳や襖を取り替えて、営業できるように整えたといわれている。その後は龍馬や尊皇攘夷の志士をたびたび匿ったといわれている。 1877年、死去。

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